CN115161396A - Ppip5k2及其复合物在调控卵巢癌进展中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于分子生物学领域,具体涉及PPIP5K2及其复合物在调控卵巢癌进展中的应用。本发明提供PPIP5K2在调控卵巢癌发病进展中的应用,其作为一种生物标志物,表达量可用于判断卵巢癌的转移和卵巢癌细胞的增殖。
Description
本申请要求2021年09月24日提交的中国发明专利申请【202111119420.8】、名称为“PPIP5K2在调控卵巢癌进展中的应用”的优先权,该优先权发明专利申请以引用方式全文并入。
技术领域
本发明属于分子生物学领域,具体涉及PPIP5K2及其复合物在调控卵巢癌进展中的应用。
背景技术
卵巢癌是全球妇科恶性肿瘤死亡的主要原因。在北美晚期确诊患者中5年生存率低至47%,超过75%的患者由于无临床症状和在卵巢癌早期缺乏有效的筛查方法而使他们确诊时发现多处于晚期(III/IV期)。因此,建立卵巢癌早期诊断系统,探索和开发阻断卵巢癌进展的新型靶向药物至关重要。
一种具有两种不同功能的肌醇激酶,肌醇六磷酸和二磷酸肌醇五磷酸激酶2(Inositol hexakisphosphate and diphosphoinositol-pentakisphosphate kinase 2,PPIP5K2),已被报道用于调节各种细胞生理过程,包括凋亡、囊泡运输、细胞骨架动力学、胞饮等。到目前为止,还未见报道探讨PPIP5K2在癌细胞中的作用,甚至PPIP5K2和肿瘤进展之间的联系也仍然未知。目前的研究表明,肿瘤微环境通过分泌和激活补体来促进肿瘤生长和转移。通过揭示肿瘤细胞与其免疫微环境之间的协同机制,有助于识别新的生物标志物或癌症治疗的靶点。
综上所述,本发明开创性地揭示了PPIP5K2在卵巢癌中的作用。
发明内容
有鉴于此,本发明的目的在于提供一种新的生物标志物,PPIP5K2及其复合物,在调控卵巢癌进展中的应用,具体技术方案如下。
PPIP5K2在调控卵巢癌发病进展中的应用,所述PPIP5K2作为一种生物标志物,所述PPIP5K2的表达量可用于判断卵巢癌的转移和卵巢癌细胞的增殖。
进一步,敲低(KD)所述PPIP5K2的表达可以使卵巢癌肿瘤体积减小。
进一步,敲低(KD)所述PPIP5K2的表达可以抑制卵巢癌的转移和卵巢癌细胞的增殖。
进一步,敲低(KD)所述PPIP5K2的表达可以抑制卵巢癌细胞的侵袭能力。
PPIP5K2和LncOVM联用在调控卵巢癌发病进展中的应用,其特征在于,所述PPIP5K2与所述LncOVM可以结合形成LncOVM-PPIP5K2复合物并定位于卵巢癌细胞的高尔基体(又称为高尔基复合物)。
进一步,所述LncOVM-PPIP5K2复合物能结合在卵巢癌细胞的高尔基体上并调节高尔基体的分泌功能。
进一步,所述LncOVM-PPIP5K2复合物通过调节高尔基体分泌补体C5来影响肿瘤微环境。
上述PPIP5K2或LncOVM-PPIP5K2复合物还可以在制备诊断卵巢癌的试剂盒中应用。
上述PPIP5K2或LncOVM-PPIP5K2复合物还可以在制备辅助治疗卵巢癌的试剂盒或药品中应用。
靶向PPIP5K2的小干扰RNA在制备卵巢癌靶向治疗药物中的应用,所述药物通过所述小干扰RNA靶向LncOVM-PPIP5K2轴;所述小干扰RNA的核苷酸序列包括Seq ID NO.1、SeqID NO.2、Seq ID NO.3和/或Seq ID NO.4所示的全长或片段。
进一步,所述药物通过所述小干扰RNA靶向敲低PPIP5K2的表达来降低肿瘤的体积和重量。
进一步,所述药物通过所述小干扰RNA靶向敲低PPIP5K2的表达来抑制卵巢癌的转移和卵巢癌细胞的增殖。
有益技术效果
本发明揭示了PPIP5K2作为一种生物标志物与卵巢癌的进展有关,还揭示了一个与卵巢癌生长转移相关的LncRNA,LncOVM。LncOVM通过介导蛋白PPIP5K2重构高尔基复合物(高尔基体),增强补体C5的分泌,导致MDSCs的募集,从而促进肿瘤生长和转移。此外,LnvOVM与PPIP5K2的相互结合可以避免PPIP5K2被泛素化降解,LncOVM-PPIP5K2复合物可以调控高尔基复合物的形态。因此,靶向LncOVM-PPIP5K2轴敲低PPIP5K2或LncOVM可以抑制卵巢癌的进展。
本发明实验证明,与对照组细胞相比,LncOVM或PPIP5K2敲低后,卵巢癌细胞中高尔基复合物的大小和长度均减小/减少,肿瘤细胞的转移被抑制。已有研究报道,高尔基复合物延长可能是乳腺癌和结肠癌细胞高度转移的形态学特征,本发明结果证实了该报道结论。此外,卵巢癌细胞的蛋白质组学分析显示,PPIP5K2敲低后会影响多种蛋白质的分泌,其中许多蛋白质与免疫反应有关,包括由中性粒细胞激活和由中性粒细胞介导的免疫等。本发明揭示了PPIP5K2敲低的细胞补体系统中的蛋白质出现失调,补体C5分泌受损。而现有研究报道肿瘤微环境中补体系统的激活促进了肿瘤的发生,本发明的研究进一步发现补体C5是通过募集免疫抑制细胞MDSCs进入肿瘤微环境,从而促进卵巢肿瘤的发生发展。
本发明进一步揭示了LncOVM-PPIP5K2轴参与卵巢癌发生发展和肿瘤微环境重构,作为一种很有前景的生物标志物和治疗靶点应用。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作一简单地介绍。显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本发明的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。
图1a:全长1966nt的LncOVM和反义对照(Antisense)琼脂糖电泳结果;
图1b:SDS-PAGE显示与LncOVM或反义对照(Antisense)结合的蛋白;
图1c:对A2780s细胞的LncOVM RNA的pull-down(下拉)蛋白进行Western blot分析;
图1d:PPIP5K2与LncOVM结合位点图;
图1e:用3个RNA片段和全长LncOM进行RNA pull-down(下拉)试验后的免疫印迹检测结果;
图1f:PPIP5K2和高尔基标志物P230在siNC和siLncOVM A2780s细胞中的免疫荧光分析;
图1g:PPIP5K2和LncOVM在A2780s细胞中共定位的免疫荧光图像;
图2a:PPIP5K2蛋白在siNC或siLncOVM处理后的A2780s和SKOV3细胞中的表达;
图2b:PPIP5K2在siNC和siLncOVM-1/siLncOVM-2处理后的A2780s细胞中的表达水平;
图2c:免疫沉淀检测siNC和siLncOVM处理后的A2780s细胞中PPIP5K2的蛋白水;
图3a:用两种靶向PPIP5K2的siRNAs和对照(siNC)转染A2780s细胞后的蛋白表达情况;
图3b:A2780s和SKOV3细胞转染siPPIP5K2或siNC后的细胞数量统计图;
图3c:A2780s和SKOV3细胞转染siPPIP5K2或siNC后的细胞迁移率统计图;
图3d:A2780s和SKOV3细胞转染siPPIP5K2或siNC后的细胞克隆形成实验结果;
图4a:转染siLncOVM或siNC的A2780s细胞中高尔基标志物P230免疫荧光结果;
图4b:荧光染色结果中高尔基比例定量结果;
图4c:转染siLncOVM和siNC的A2780s细胞中的高尔基结构电镜图;
图4d:电镜实验中高尔基体的长度和厚度定量统计图;
图4e:用siPPIP5K2或siNC转染后的A2780s细胞P230的免疫荧光图像;
图4f:荧光染色实验中高尔基所占比例定量统计图;
图4g:免转染siLncOVM或siNC的A2780s细胞内GOLPH3和p230的免疫荧光成像结果;
图5a:iTRAQ鉴定分泌蛋白的实验方案模式图;
图5b:iTRAQ鉴定的蛋白定位;
图5c:iTRAQ数据中蛋白-蛋白相互作用最多的前15个蛋白;
图5d:根据iTRAQ数据中蛋白相互作用网络排列的前10个基因功能富集通路;
图6a:iTRAQ鉴定出补体系统分泌蛋白变化显著;
图6b:转染siPPIP5K2或siNC的A2780s细胞在培养基中的补体C5含量;
图6c:小鼠ID8皮下肿瘤体积生长曲线;
图6d:小鼠ID8皮下肿瘤体积统计图;
图6e:小鼠ID8皮下肿瘤肿瘤重量统计图;
图6f:C5aR1与小鼠ID8肿瘤组织中各谱系免疫细胞标志物的免疫荧光共定位;
图6g:流式细胞术显示ID8小鼠肿瘤微环境中MDSCs(CD11b)的变化;
图6h:CCX168对小鼠ID8肿瘤生长曲线的影响;
图7a:腹腔接种PPIP5K2敲低和对照A2780s的裸鼠模型中腹腔转移性结节数量;
图7b:PPIP5K2敲低和对照皮下瘤模型小鼠肿瘤生长曲线;
图7c:卵巢癌患者AOCS(n=285)和TCGA(n=565)的Kaplan-Meier分析。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
需要说明的是,在本文中,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者装置所固有的要素。在没有更多限制的情况下,由语句“包括一个……”限定的要素,并不排除在包括该要素的过程、方法、物品或者装置中还存在另外的相同要素。
如在本说明书中使用的,术语“大约”,典型地表示为所述值的+/-5%,更典型的是所述值的+/-4%,更典型的是所述值的+/-3%,更典型的是所述值的+/-2%,甚至更典型的是所述值的+/-1%,甚至更典型的是所述值的+/-0.5%。
在本说明书中,某些实施方式可能以一种处于某个范围的格式公开。应该理解,这种“处于某个范围”的描述仅仅是为了方便和简洁,且不应该被解释为对所公开范围的僵化限制。因此,范围的描述应该被认为是已经具体地公开了所有可能的子范围以及在此范围内的独立数字值。例如,范围1~6的描述应该被看作已经具体地公开了子范围如从1到3,从1到4,从1到5,从2到4,从2到6,从3到6等,以及此范围内的单独数字,例如1,2,3,4,5和6。无论该范围的广度如何,均适用以上规则。
实施例一
实验方法
1.LncRNA芯片分析
人类lncRNA芯片V3.0(Arraystar Inc.)由中国上海康晨生物科技有限公司(KangChen Bio-Tech,China)开发。使用安捷伦扫描仪G2505B(安捷伦科技)对阵列进行扫描,使用安捷伦特征提取软件(版本10.7.3.1;安捷伦科技)。使用Gene Spring GX v11.5.1软件包(安捷伦科技)进行分位数归一化和后续数据处理。微阵列数据在基因表达综合数据库(GEO)的登录号:GSE82059
2.实时荧光定量PCR
用TaKaRa试剂盒按照说明书提取细胞总RNA。逆转录采用PrimeScript逆转录试剂盒(TaKaRa,日本),qRT PCR采用iTaq Universal SYBR Green Supermix(Bio-Rad,美国),CFX96 Touch Real-Time PCR检测系统(Bio-Rad,美国)。数据采用2-ΔΔCt法进行分析。
3.细胞培养
从ATCC中获得人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3、A2780s和人正常细胞系293T。小鼠卵巢癌细胞株ID8由四川大学生物治疗国家重点实验室赠送。细胞系保持在Dulbecco’s ModifiedEagle培养基(DMEM,Gibco,USA)中,含10%胎牛血清,100U/mL青霉素G,100mg/mL链霉素,5%CO2,37℃中培养。
4.动物实验
所有动物实验均经四川大学机构伦理委员会审核批准。采用5-6周龄、16-20g的雌性无胸腺BALB/c裸鼠,腹腔内建立人卵巢癌异种移植瘤模型,在试验周期结束后,处死小鼠,统计转移结节的数目和腹水体积。在皮下肿瘤模型中,将1×107A2780s细胞接种于裸鼠(雌性,5-6周龄,各16-20g)的右侧,将1×107ID8细胞接种于C57BL/6小鼠(雌性,6-8周龄,各18-20g)的右侧。
5.临床样本
选取四川大学华西第二医院、华西妇幼医院的45例卵巢癌患者的组织样本及配对组织。所有这些样本均由妇科医生获得,并经病理学家检查,确证临床样本的诊断。新鲜的组织被冷冻在液氮中,以保护蛋白质或RNA不被降解。本研究获得四川大学机构伦理委员会批准。所有患者在分析前均获得知情同意。
6.细胞转染
根据制造商的协议,使用Lipofectamine 3000(Invitrogen,USA)在细胞中转染siRNA或质粒。LncOVM全长质粒和片段购自青岛青岛生物科技有限公司,siRNAs购自中国广州RiboBio有限公司。sh-LncOVM、Lentiviral shPPIP5K2、ole-ppip5k2质粒购自上海综合生物技术有限公司。
7.细胞增殖实验
将等量的细胞接种于96孔板,培养24或48小时。MTT试剂测定细胞活力。5mg/mlMTT在37℃孵育箱中孵育4小时,590nm处测定吸光度。
8.集落形成实验
将细胞接种到6孔板(100、200或500个细胞/孔)中进行集落形成实验。在37℃培养箱中培养7天。随后,将集落在室温下用4%多聚甲醛中固定15分钟,并在室温下用5%结晶紫染色10分钟。使用ImageJ对集落数量进行计数。
9.Transwell实验
收集A2780s和SKOV3细胞(每孔1×104个细胞),用无血清DMEM接种到悬细胞培养液(24孔,PET,8um,Millipore)中,细胞悬液置于24孔板上腔室。底部腔室含有10%胎牛血清的DMEM。细胞在37℃孵育24小时后,侵袭性细胞附着在膜的下表面。拭子除去上层细胞和培养基,4%多聚甲醛室温固定15min,5%结晶紫室温染色10min。使用ImageJ对细胞数进行计数。
10.细胞划痕试验
将细胞以相似的密度接种于6孔板中。在空白培养基中培养24小时后,用10μl移液管尖端产生一个模拟伤口的直划痕。细胞用培养基冲洗两次以去除任何漂浮的细胞,然后在培养基中培养。观察各时间点创面愈合情况,并拍摄抓痕部位。每种条件下设置3个复孔,每个实验进行3次。
11.Western Blot
在4℃的条件下,用含蛋白酶抑制剂的RIPA缓冲液裂解细胞内蛋白。从条件培养基中收集细胞外蛋白,用30K超滤离心装置(Thermo Scientific Pierce)在4000rpm下离心100倍浓缩。每个条件培养基样品为无血清的DMEM-flex培养基,与A2780s细胞(3×108)孵育48小时。蛋白质点入10%的SDS-PAGE凝胶中,并转移到硝化纤维素膜上。细胞膜与一抗在4℃状态下孵育过夜,并与二抗在室温下孵育2小时。β-Tubulin的表达作为负载对照。
抗体信息如下:PPIP5K2(1:1000,Abcam,ab204374),β-Tubulin(1:1000,Proteintech,11224-1-ap),C5(1:500,Santa Cruz,SC-70476)。
12.RNA pull-down实验和质谱分析
使用RiboTM RNAmax-T7生物素标记转录试剂盒(R11074,RiboBio Co.,Ltd,Guangzhou,China)体外转录和纯化生物素标记的LncOVM和反义RNA。RNA在pull-down之前需要在结构缓冲液(10mM Tris,0.1M KCl,10mM MgCl2)中90℃再折叠2分钟,冰敷2分钟,然后室温下保存30分钟。用抗RNase、蛋白酶抑制剂混合物、磷酸酶抑制剂混合物加入裂解液中制备用于pull-down实验的细胞裂解缓冲液,并与生物素标记的RNA(50pmol)4℃条件下孵育过夜。按照说明书制备Dynabeads MyOneTM Streptavidin C1(Invitrogen,65002)。立即将磁珠加入混合物中,然后在4℃孵育过夜。经磁珠分选出的蛋白质进一步进行质谱分析。
13.体外同重同位素标记的相对与绝对定量技术(Isobaric tags for relativeand absolute quantitation,iTRAQ)
通过iTRAQ分析来自对照和PPIP5K2缺失细胞的条件培养基中的分泌蛋白。A2780s细胞(5×107)在无血清的DMEM-Flex培养基中培养48小时,收集条件培养基。采用AB SCIEXTripleTOF 5600plus在武汉基因创生物工程有限公司进行蛋白鉴定。
14.免疫组化
4%多聚甲醛室温固定小鼠ID8肿瘤组织24小时。使用一抗E-cadherin(1:100,ZSGB-BIO,za-0565),Ki-67(1:100,ZSGB-BIO,zm-0167)和Vimentin(1:100,ZSGB-BIO,za-0511)在石蜡切片上对目标分子进行免疫组化染色,并分析。
15.透射电镜
2.5%戊二醛室温固定细胞30分钟。用电子显微镜(TEM Hitachi H-7650)进行图像采集,使用ImageJ对高尔基体结构进行定量分析。
16.免疫荧光
6孔板培养的A2780s和293T细胞在4%多聚甲醛中室温固定30分钟。小鼠ID8肿瘤组织在室温下4%多聚甲醛固定24小时,在30%蔗糖中脱水48小时以上。将准备好的组织置于-80℃冷冻保存,在-25℃条件下将组织包埋于OCT,切成8.0mm的切片,晾干30分钟。切片和细胞在含0.5%Tritonx-100的PBS中浸泡15分钟,并用PBST(0.1%Tween 20的PBS)洗涤。在室温下用5%山羊血清封闭30分钟。一抗抗体信息主要包括:P230(Biolegend,611280,1:100),Golph3(Abcam,ab91492,1:100),PPIP5K2(Abcam,ab204374,1:100),C5aR(Proteintech,21316-1-AP),Ly-6G/Ly-6C(Gr-1)(Biolegend,108401,1:100),CD45(Biolegend,103132,1:100),CD11c(BD,553801,1:100),F4/80(Biolegend,123116,1:100),SMA(ZSGB-BIO,zm-0003,1:100)4℃孵育过夜。使用适当的Alexa fluor标记的二抗(Invitrogen,1:500)来检测一抗。洗片后DAPI孵育5分钟。
17.荧光原位杂交(FISH)
PPIP5K2过表达A2780s细胞和293T在1×PBS中短暂冲洗,室温下4%多聚甲醛固定10分钟。细胞在含0.5%Triton X-100的1×PBS中,于4℃保持5分钟打孔,然后用1×PBS洗5分钟,加入200μL预杂交缓冲液于37℃保持30分钟。将混合液加入RiboTM lncRNA FISH试剂盒(C10910,RiboBio有限公司、广州、中国)的FISH探针,放于湿盒中,37℃过夜杂交。用WashBuffer I(含0.1%Tween-20的4×SSC),Wash Buffer II(2×SSC),Wash Buffer III(1×SSC)于42℃湿盒中清洗玻片3次,每次5分钟,后用1×PBS在室温下洗涤1次。LncOVM-Cy3FISH探针由RiboBio公司设计合成,所有图像均由LSM710共聚焦激光扫描显微镜(Zeiss)获得。
18.流式细胞术
以C57BL/6小鼠ID8肿瘤组织为原料制备单细胞悬液。使用灭菌眼科剪手动剪碎组织,然后加入含2.0mg/ml胶原酶A(Roche)和50U/ml DNase I(Roche)的无血清DMEM,使用连续旋转仪器(Invitrogen)进行37℃60分钟的酶解,肿瘤消化液通过70毫米尼龙过滤器(BDBiosciences)过滤。随后,细胞用100ml荧光偶联抗小鼠抗体孵育30分钟:C5aR(1:100,proteintech,21316-1-AP),PE-Ly-6G/Ly-6C(GR1,1:100,BD,553128),FITC-CD11b M1/70(1:100,BD,553310)。然后用PBS清洗细胞一次。清洗后,使用FACS Diva软件(BDBiosciences)在BD Fortessa上采集数据。使用FlowJo软件(Tree Star Inc.)进行分析。
19.数据分析
采用GraphPad Prism(GraphPad Software Inc.)对所有数据进行正态分布和等方差评估。相关分析采用线性回归分析。两组间比较采用学生t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析。不同治疗组的生存率采用Kaplan-Meier分析。澳大利亚卵巢癌研究(AOCS)数据集(n=285)、癌症基因组图谱(TCGA)数据集(n=565)采用在线数据库(www.kmplot.com)进行Kaplan-Meier生存分析。根据数据库中自动选择的最佳截断值,将患者分为“低”和“高”表达。这两个数据集患者的临床分期从FIGO阶段I到阶段IV。P值采用log-rank(Mantel-Cox)检验计算,将患者按中位数分为“低”和“高”表达。
对于数据集分析,一般的阈值是差异倍数>1.5或差异倍数<0.7,p值<0.5。当*p值<0.05时,所有数据均被认为具有显著性。
实施例二
实验内容
1.与蛋白质PPIP5K2结合的LncOVM定位于高尔基复合体
首先,本发明用LncOVM全长(1966nt)及其反义对(Antisense)照进行了RNA pull-down实验(图1a),并在染色后使用质谱(MS)分析了可能参与肿瘤发生的相关蛋白(图1b)。最终,本发明得到了134个与LncOVM结合的蛋白,106个与反义对照结合的蛋白。接下来,本发明通过体外RNA pull-down(下拉实验)和免疫印迹验证了蛋白PPIP5K2与LncOVM特异性相互作用,而不是与反义对照相互作用(图1c)。在图1c中,ACTIN作为对照组,说明在input的蛋白总量中含有actin蛋白,但是在RNA pull-down后,不与LncRNA相结合。
接下来,本发明进一步揭示了LncOVM中哪个区域是与PPIP5K2蛋白相互作用所必需的。本发明设计了3个片段的LncRNA,体外RNA pull-down后进行免疫印迹实验分析(图1d)。本发明的结果表明,RNA的5’区(片段1,0-578nt)附近的序列与PPIP5K2结合(图1e)。
已有研究报道PPIP5K2定位于细胞胞质,但对其亚细胞定位的研究还不够深入。因此,本发明使用成像技术进一步探索PPIP5K2的亚细胞定位。本发明首先利用定位于反式高尔基体网络的蛋白标志物P230进行免疫荧光分析,发现蛋白PPIP5K2定位于A2780s的高尔基复合体(图1f)。接下来,本发明使用Cy3标记的LncOVM来确认LncOVM的定位。发现,免疫荧光图像显示LncOVM定位于细胞质,PPIP5K2和LncOVM在A2780s细胞中共定位,即在合并图中,PPIP5K2和LncOVM融合在一起(图1g),这与本发明的pull-down实验分析结果一致。因此,得到LncOVM-PPIP5K2复合物出现在高尔基复合体中的结论。
2.LncOVM缺失诱导PPIP5K2蛋白泛素化降解
以上数据已经表明RNA LncOVM和蛋白PPIP5K2在高尔基复合物中共定位。接下来,本发明进一步揭示LncOVM是否对蛋白PPIP5K2产生了功能影响。本发明采用LncOVM敲低细胞和正常细胞的蛋白进行免疫印迹。在这两种细胞系(SKOV3和A2780s)中LncOVM敲低均显著抑制了PPIP5K2的蛋白累积(图2a)。然而,这种抑制并没有改变PPIP5K2的RNA相对表达水平,说明LncOVM的介导作用并没有发生在转录水平(图2b),而是直接通过泛素化降解影响了PPIP5K2的蛋白水平。本发明对LncOVM缺失的A2780s细胞中进行了PPIP5K2的免疫共沉淀(Co-IP)检测,发现在免疫沉淀到的PPIP5K2蛋白上有显著的泛素积累(图2c)。本发明的结果表明,LncOVM促进了PPIP5K2的稳定性,并帮助PPIP5K2蛋白在高尔基复合物上积累。
小结,本发明揭示了LncOVM在卵巢癌细胞中物理性结合PPIP5K2,避免了PPIP5K2的泛素降解,并介导了PPIP5K2向高尔基复合物的积累。所述的物理性结合是指LncOVM与PPIP5K2聚合在一起。
3.LncOVM相关蛋白PPIP5K2在体外促进卵巢癌进展
在以往的研究报道中,PPIP5K2参与细胞凋亡、囊泡转运、细胞骨架动力学功能等。而本发明首次揭示了PPIP5K2在卵巢癌细胞进展中的作用。本发明首先分别转染两种siRNA(5’-3’,UGUAGAUAUAAUUGAAAUGAU,AAUCCUUUAGAAUGGAAAGAA)以降低细胞中PPIP5K2的表达,并通过western blot实验(图3a)、Transwell侵袭实验(图3b)和细胞划痕实验(图3c)验证,敲低PPIP5K2表达的A2780s细胞系细胞数量减少,此外细胞的侵袭和迁移被显著抑制。同时细胞克隆实验结果显示,敲低PPIP5K2降低了A2780s卵巢癌细胞的增殖能力。SKOV3的结果与A2780s的结果一致(图3d)。
小结,本发明的研究结果表明LncOVM的相关蛋白PPIP5K2促进了肿瘤进展,特别是卵巢癌的转移,而敲低PPIP5K2的表达可以抑制这种现象。
4.LncOVM-PPIP5K2复合物影响高尔基结构
高尔基复合体对分泌过程的影响至关重要。人类的高尔基体由许多具有明显极性的扁平囊叠加在一起所组成。在正向囊泡转运模型中,囊泡携带物质的转运方向是从高尔基顺面到反面。高尔基反面参与蛋白质包装以便于转运到细胞质膜,它构成了跨高尔基网络(TNG)。P230标记的TNG来源的出芽结构和小的包被囊泡,与蛋白质分泌有关。以往的研究报道,由于肌动蛋白细胞骨架蛋白与反式高尔基网络成员蛋白相互作用的动态变化,导致高尔基体超微结构发生改变。这种相互作用还涉及到囊泡出芽和高尔基囊泡的维持。在分泌旺盛的细胞中,TGN结构随着TGN衍生的出芽形成而拉长。高尔基形态的变化取决于囊泡的长度、囊泡的厚度和高尔基囊泡堆积的数量。
因此,本发明检测了LncOVM敲低后的形态学效应。通过免疫荧光和透射电镜(TEM)分析,本发明发现在A2780s中,LncOVM的降低会导致高尔基体的浓度。在本发明的结果中,LncOVM敲低显著降低了高尔基体反面P230的丰度(图4a和4b)。此外,LncOVM敲低减少了扁平囊泡的长度,但对扁平囊泡的厚度、高尔基扁平囊泡堆积的数量或高尔基相关囊泡的数量没有显著影响(图4c和4d)。
由于LncOVM与PPIP5K2的相互作用,本发明也验证了PPIP5K2敲低的作用,发现PPIP5K2减少也能抑制高尔基反面P230丰度(图4e和4f)。LncOVM或PPIP5K2的表达降低后,高尔基复合物的结构比对照组细胞更加分散。此外,本发明用免疫荧光标记了另一种重要的蛋白质GOLPH3,它连接高尔基体PI4P,促进囊泡释放并且与高尔基体延长相关。因此,高尔基体反面中GOLPH3含量的增加会导致高尔基体扩张和囊泡释放增加。本发明量化了高尔基体反面即p230阳性区域中GOLPH3的表达水平,siLncOVM处理后GOLPH3显示出下降趋势(图4g)。
小结,上述结果表明,在转移性卵巢癌细胞中,LncOVM的高表达介导PPIP5K2往高尔基体反面聚集,可使高尔基体形态上扩展,进而影响蛋白分泌。
5.PPIP5K2调控的蛋白鉴定和免疫激活
由于本发明已经证明了PPIP5K2-LncOVM复合物可以延长高尔基体的形态来激活其分泌功能,接下来进一步研究是否有分泌蛋白受到PPIP5K2的影响并参与卵巢癌的进展。本发明分别收集PPIP5K2敲低的卵巢癌A2780s细胞和正常卵巢癌A2780s细胞的条件培养基,并进行iTRAQ分析(图5a)。在iTRAQ结果中,根据UniPort标注的亚细胞位置,本发明鉴定了630个蛋白,包括179个细胞外蛋白或分泌蛋白。经过生物信息学分析筛选,PPIP5K2敲低处理后,106个蛋白发生了显著变化,其中大部分为分泌蛋白(图5b)。本发明通过STRING(https://string-db.org/)分析了这106个蛋白的相互作用网络,并给出了与其他蛋白相互作用最多的前15个蛋白(图5c)。其中报道HSP蛋白(Hspd1、Hspa5、HSP90AB1、HSPA4、HSP90AA和HSPA8)参与免疫应答。这些蛋白的富集表明PPIP5K2通过调节下游蛋白激活免疫反应(图5d)。
6.补体C5影响MDSCs的募集
值得注意的是,在这些胞外蛋白或分泌蛋白中,一些补体蛋白的丰度随着PPIP5K2的耗尽而发生变化,包括补体C5、C3、组分C9、补体因子B、补体组分1Q亚组分结合蛋白和补体衰变加速因子(图6a)。补体系统是先天性免疫的重要组成部分,同时参与适应性免疫反应和炎症反应,与肿瘤的发生和发展有关。既往研究报道,在各种恶性肿瘤和癌细胞系中,补体系统被激活,补体蛋白C5a表达水平上调。C5是补体激活通路下游的关键蛋白,它可被裂解为C5a和C5b。C5a是一种强效过敏毒素,它有能力募集免疫细胞(即中性粒细胞)到炎症、组织损伤或肿瘤区域。此外,在癌症免疫应答中,C5a结合并激活了C5a受体(C5aR)的免疫细胞。C5a及其受体C5aR被确定为发展促肿瘤微环境的关键介质。
本发明还通过免疫印迹验证了PPIP5K2敲低的A2780s 100倍浓度条件培养基中补体C5的减少,与在iTRAQ分析中PPIP5K2敲低细胞中C5的下调一致(图6b)。正如之前的研究报道,本发明的结果证实了补体C5表达与肿瘤进展相关。此外,本发明还在体内研究了PPIP5K2与C5的正相关性。ID8细胞系是来自C57BL/6的小鼠卵巢表面上皮细胞系,在生理和生物学上类似于人上皮性卵巢癌细胞。因此,将PPIP5K2敲低或对照的ID8细胞系接种于C57BL/6小鼠皮下,建立免疫活性动物模型。本发明发现,PPIP5K2敲低降低了肿瘤体积和重量,而在PPIP5K2敲低的肿瘤小鼠腹腔中注射蛋白C5(0.025mg/kg,每2天)的给药实验中,与生理盐水(NC)腹腔注射对照组相比,肿瘤体积增加。给药实验结果提示,C5可以通过PPIP5K2促进肿瘤生长(图6c,6d,6e)。
此外,为了检测C5在卵巢癌中募集了哪些免疫细胞,本发明将ID8细胞系接种于C57BL/6小鼠皮下。获得C57BL/6小鼠卵巢肿瘤组织,并染色分析肿瘤微环境中的免疫细胞。据报道,肿瘤微环境以肿瘤诱导的相互作用为主,MDSCs(CD11b+,gr-1+)富集。本发明通过共免疫荧光染色发现了C5aR1+细胞,其中包括白细胞(CD45+)和粒细胞(Gr1+,即Ly6C+和Ly6G+),而巨噬细胞(F4/80+)、成纤维细胞(SMA+)和树突状细胞(CD11c+)上,由于未发现明显的C5a受体蛋白和免疫细胞标志物共定位的现象,因此认为这三类细胞主要不受C5的招募或激活(图6f)。
为了研究补体C5a是否重新改变了肿瘤微环境,对ID8细胞皮下模型进行C5aR抗体(HM1076,HycultBiotech)或C5a受体抑制剂(CCX168)治疗。C5aR抗体瘤内注射给药(0.6mg/kg,每2天)。流式细胞术分析显示,C5aR抗体抑制剂和C5aR抗体导致MDSCs下降(P<0.01),表明肿瘤微环境中从MDSCs到正常髓系的动态变化(图6g)。此外,在ID8细胞皮下接种模型中,分别用C5aR抑制剂CCX168以0.1ml PBS(10mg/kg/d)或对照灌胃给药治疗,C5aR抑制剂治疗显著抑制肿瘤生长(图6h)。
7.PPIP5K2蛋白促进癌症进展和不良预后
蛋白PPIP5K2作为LncOVM介导的高尔基复合体蛋白,对下游蛋白分泌至关重要。本发明还研究了PPIP5K2在体内的功能,于裸鼠腹腔内接种了PPIP5K2敲低的A2780s或对照细胞。与对照组比较,本发明发现在体内敲低PPIP5K2会导致更少的转移性结节(转移灶)(P<0.01)(图7a)。另外,将PPIP5K2敲低的A2780s细胞或对照细胞接种到裸鼠的右侧皮下,PPIP5K2敲低组的肿瘤体积明显减少(图7b)。与体外实验结果一致,PPIP5K2可促进卵巢癌腹膜转移和增殖。本发明采用Kaplan Meier分析法对AOCS和TCGA治疗的卵巢癌患者的总生存率进行了分析,发现PPIP5K2与较差预后相关(图7c)。
总结
本发明首次揭示了PPIP5K2在卵巢癌进展中的作用。通过RNA pull-down实验等体内外实验验证,发现LnvOVM可与PPIP5K2蛋白物理结合,从而避免泛素化降解,并且通过形成LncOVM-PPIP5K2复合物调控了高尔基复合物的形态,抑制蛋白分泌。分泌蛋白的分泌减少,影响了肿瘤微环境的补体系统,促进免疫抑制细胞MDSCs的浸润,从而促进卵巢癌的发生发展及转移。
本发明还首次揭示了LncOVM-PPIP5K2轴在卵巢癌发展和微环境重塑中的重要作用,发现LncOVM可作为一种新型卵巢癌诊断的生物标志物和分子治疗靶点,对未来临床卵巢癌患者具有重要临床意义。
上面结合附图对本发明的实施例进行了描述,但是本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式,上述的具体实施方式仅仅是示意性的,而不是限制性的,本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的启示下,在不脱离本发明宗旨和权利要求所保护的范围情况下,还可做出很多形式,这些均属于本发明的保护之内。
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SEQUENCE LISTING
<110> 四川大学华西第二医院
<120> PPIP5K2及其复合物在调控卵巢癌进展中的应用
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<151> 2021-09-24
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Claims (10)
1.PPIP5K2在调控卵巢癌发病进展中的应用,其特在于,所述PPIP5K2作为一种生物标志物,所述PPIP5K2的表达量可用于判断卵巢癌的转移和卵巢癌细胞的增殖。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,敲低所述PPIP5K2的表达可以使卵巢癌肿瘤体积减小。
3.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,敲低所述PPIP5K2的表达可以抑制卵巢癌的转移和卵巢癌细胞的增殖。
4.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,敲低所述PPIP5K2的表达可以抑制卵巢癌细胞的侵袭能力。
5.PPIP5K2和LncOVM联用在调控卵巢癌发病进展中的应用,其特征在于,所述PPIP5K2与所述LncOVM可以结合形成LncOVM-PPIP5K2复合物并定位于卵巢癌细胞的高尔基体。
6.如权利要求5所述的应用,其特征在于,所述LncOVM-PPIP5K2复合物能结合在卵巢癌细胞的高尔基体上并调节高尔基体的分泌功能。
7.如权利要求6所述的应用,其特征在于,所述LncOVM-PPIP5K2复合物通过调节高尔基体分泌补体C5来影响肿瘤微环境。
8.靶向PPIP5K2的小干扰RNA在制备卵巢癌靶向治疗药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述药物通过所述小干扰RNA靶向LncOVM-PPIP5K2轴;所述小干扰RNA的核苷酸序列包括Seq IDNO.1、Seq ID NO.2、Seq ID NO.3和/或Seq ID NO.4所示的全长或片段。
9.如权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物通过所述小干扰RNA靶向敲低PPIP5K2的表达来降低肿瘤的体积和重量。
10.如权利要求8所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物通过所述小干扰RNA靶向敲低PPIP5K2的表达来抑制卵巢癌的转移和卵巢癌细胞的增殖。
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