CN103721334B - A kind of manufacture method of bronchial catheter - Google Patents
A kind of manufacture method of bronchial catheter Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of making and use method of bronchial catheter, comprise data acquisition, three-dimensional modeling and three-dimensional printing speed, by transferring the data of patient's CT scan, utilize Computer Simulation Software that the patient airway system of acquisition and the data of lung tissue structure are carried out three-dimensional modeling, for personalized customization provides Data support, prepare personalized bronchial catheter by three-dimensional printing speed technology; Adopt transesophageal ultrasonography technology or electromagnetic navigation bronchoscope technology during use, the insertion of guiding in real time bronchial catheter, and apply shutoff and the ventilatory effect of the volume expansion method detection checking lobe of the lung.The making and use method of this bronchial catheter is convenient and swift, reduces patient anatomical and to make a variation the blindness brought to clinical intubate, solve the orientation problem of bronchial cannula preferably, is especially applicable to the bronchial cannula and the Operation that solve anatomical variation patient; Can provide convenient for clinicist's operation process, practical teaching needs can be met preferably simultaneously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of making and use method of conduit, specifically a kind of making and use method of bronchial catheter, belongs to technical field of medical instruments.
Background technology
Endotracheal tube is a kind of special endotracheal tube, it is inserted endotracheal technology by oral cavity or nasal cavity and becomes endotracheal intubation, this technology can attract for airway patency, ventilation oxygen-supplying, respiratory tract and prevent suction by mistake etc. from providing optimum condition, vital effect is played to rescue patient life, reduction case fatality rate, this technology has become cardio-pulmonary resuscitation and with the important measures in the Severe acute disease patient rescue process of respiratory dysfunction, endotracheal tube can be divided into single chamber, two-chamber and bronchi plugging catheter by its function.
Lung Sequestration is the respiratory nursing method that thoracic surgery is conventional, arranged on left and right sides pulmonary ventilation pathway is separated by it, alternative carries out one-lung ventilation, for some thoracopathy as tracheal bronchus break, one-sided infectious pulmonary disease, operation on bronchus etc., can provide effectively ventilate and prevent the blood of disease side lung, sputum flows into and is good for side lung, art side lung atrophy simultaneously can be the exposure that patient provides good, along with the progress of medical science, bronchial alveolar lavage art, modern minimal invasive Thoracic sugery, transplant of lung all requirement can implement one-lung ventilation effectively.
In lung partition method, in order to realize the controllability of bilateral air flue, with double lumen endobronchial tube and bronchi plugging catheter the most frequently used, be implement the main method of one-lung ventilation at present.
The double lumen endobronchial tube used when carrying out lung isolation in clinical anesthesia can be divided into left side type double lumen endobronchial tube and right side type double lumen endobronchial tube (below all for right-side dual-cavity bronchial catheter) according to the bronchus difference that catheter proximal end is inserted, right-side dual-cavity bronchial catheter is mainly in order to ensure the one-lung ventilation on right side, there are a left side vent openings and two right side vent openings in tube chamber front end, left side mouth is designed to just to left principal bronchus opening, two, right side open design is that upper right mouth aims at superior lobe of right lung opening, bottom right mouth is facing to inferior lobe opening in right lung, its object is mainly in order to ensure right lung ventilation during pulmo isolation ventilation.
Double lumen endobronchial tube generally comprises cuff, left conduit, right conduit, gas injection valve and connection tube, knuckle hook double lumen tube is had and without knuckle hook double lumen tube according to being divided into or without knuckle hook, the double lumen endobronchial tube of current payment Clinical practice is all from external import, various brand double lumen tube is had nothing in common with each other in size and design feature, Main Differences is that the size of bronchus end, length, cuff position are different from length and cuff volume, and the double lumen endobronchial tube of the different model of same brand also has difference.
Bronchi plugging catheter inserts in endotracheal tube, need guiding-tube bend degree towards needs side of isolation, go deep into conduit until the position that meets obstructions, adopt fiberoptic bronchoscopy that conduit is adjusted to tram, in the process, occlusion catheter angle of bend is wayward, is easy to insert contrary side.
Desirable bronchial catheter is that intubate is easy to put in place, supervisor and bronchial sections and trachea and bronchus matched well after intubate, namely the supervisor of bronchial catheter and bronchial sections compared with patient's trachea and the little 1 ~ 2mm in bronchus footpath, cuff inflate on a small quantity can be formed good separation, bronchus end in superior lobar branches gas tube orifice nearside edge, little cuff between superior lobar branches gas tube orifice nearside edge and knuckle, double lumen tube side opening is just to opposite side main bronchus mouth.
This traditional bronchial catheter is difficult to reach above-mentioned perfect condition in real work, mainly there is following defect:
1. because the double lumen endobronchial tube brand of paying Clinical practice is at present all import, all design according to the air flue anatomical features of American-European ethnic group, there are differences with the air flue fitness of compatriots, and the made bronchial catheter of fixed mould is difficult to the anatomical structure meeting air ducting system completely, the individual demand of different human body cannot be met, therefore the situation of change of tube end position when compatriots use, and on lung isolation and the impact of ventilatory effect, usually be subject to the restriction of bronchial catheter specification, cause clinical ventilatory effect not good enough;
2. due to the factors such as selection is improper of the position variation in the anatomical variation of patient, operation, double lumen endobronchial tube model, intubate often can be caused not good enough in the para-position of superior lobe of right lung opening, superior lobe of right lung poor aeration, and then cause right side one-lung ventilation time whole body insufficient oxygenation, blood oxygen saturation declines, aeration resistance increases, thus anesthesia respiration management difficulty is increased, need branchofiberoscope to assist and repeatedly adjust each lumen open para-position, adjustment replacing breathing pattern, the two pulmonary ventilation of interruption etc., affect surgical procedures process, and operation risk increases;
3. be first upwards insert bending for catheter proximal end in glottis during traditional double lumen endobronchial tube intubate, to continue after conduit half-twist deeply till meeting obstructions again, owing to having two fixing angle of bend, therefore need according to clinical experience and patient profiles during intubate, carry out the conversion of intubate angle for several times, thus easily cause air flue harmony door section soft tissue injury when intubate, even cause intubation defeat, threaten patient vitals's safety;
Traditional bronchi plugging catheter inserts in endotracheal tube, needs to adopt branchofiberoscope repeatedly locate and adjust, and thus also easily causes air flue harmony door section soft tissue injury when intubate, even causes intubation defeat, threatens patient vitals's safety;
4. in the insertion location and authentication process of bronchial catheter, traditional auscultation and the unobstructed experiment of sputum aspirator tube are all indirect method, cannot accomplish that the endotracheal tube of guiding in real time inserts, have certain blindness, make troubles to clinical manipulation and patient safety; Fibre bronchus mirror's positioning mode can guide to a certain extent carries out real-time positioning, but branchofiberoscope mirror body is softer, not easily guiding in real time prop up the insertion of airway; Adopt ultrasound probe method need use transabdominal ultrasonography scanheads, by indirect observation wall ~ slip of visceral pleura interface is levied, comet tail sign, diaphragm motion situation etc. position, the situation of hilus pulumonis and homologous bronchi can not be inserted by Real Time Observation bronchial catheter, there is certain blindness, and wall ~ visceral pleura interface slip is levied, comet tail sign, diaphragm motion situation etc., many dependence clinical experience judges, lacks quantitative index;
5. doctor's being in the push and degree of understanding to patient airway to each model bronchial catheter of different brands is depended in the selection of bronchial catheter to a great extent;
6. the traditional manufacturing technique of bronchial catheter need experience the operation such as molding, molten slurry, injection molding, polishing when making complex-shaped three-dimensional test specimen, and last longer, especially the making of mould is very complicated.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned prior art Problems existing, the invention provides a kind of making and use method of bronchial catheter, can make according to the concrete size of different human body air flue, meet the structure of the air ducting system of different anatomic variation, realize fitting like a glove in use procedure, while ensureing Clinical practice effect, reduce operation risk.
To achieve these goals, the manufacture method of this bronchial catheter is specific as follows:
1. by CT scanner, 3-D scanning is carried out to patient airway system, obtain patient airway system and the data needed for lung tissue structure's three-dimensional reconstruction.
2. according to pathological characteristic and anatomical structure developmental state, respiratory tract key position is defined as soft palate back zone, uvula district, tongue back zone, epiglottis back zone, trachea, main bronchus position, left and right and opening angle, measured between the corresponding surveying marker point of corresponding CT image by the Measurement and analysis software of computer, obtain the measurement cross section of patient simulation's trachea cannula posture air ducting system and corresponding surveying marker point, just can obtain long after analysis, wide, the size of the air ducting system on high three characteristic directions, and then calculate through front tooth to the definite approach of target left and right bronchus opening, comprise the angle of each straight line path and needs deflection.
3. by the simulation softward of computer, the patient airway system of acquisition and the data of lung tissue structure are carried out three-dimensional modeling, the variation of airway constriction, trachea song, airway obstruction, left and right bronchus opening angle and internal diameter size partially may be run in the process simulation catheterization procedure inputted by the simulation softward of computer, build the upper respiratory model of personalized complete human body.
4. personalized adjustment made by the threedimensional model in conjunction with existing bronchial catheter, shape, size, thickness, camber, the left and right branch openings angle of the required bronchial catheter of adjustment, and set support system position, size as required, the final virtual threedimensional model obtaining the bronchial catheter meeting the requirement of patients bronchial's intubate.
5. in rapid three dimensional printing forming machine, add modified polyvinyl chloride powder and binding agent respectively, the consumption percentage of this modified polyvinyl chloride powder and binding agent is 100:3 ~ 10, networking is communicated with above computer and rapid three dimensional printing forming machine, according to the virtual three-dimensional model printing shaping bronchial catheter of bronchial catheter.
In order to can effectively according to the corresponding measurement point of CT scanner image Measurement accuracy, scheme as a further improvement on the present invention, use the coronal scan scope of CT scanner from nose to sphenoid sinus trailing edge, axial scan scope from nasopharynx to tertiary bronchus end, coronal scan thickness is 3mm, horizontal position Scan slice thickness is 1mm, scanning window position 400Hu, window width 2000Hu.
In order to obtain model data more accurately, scheme as a further improvement on the present invention, location and the Measurement and analysis of all surveying marker points have all been concentrated in 1 ~ 2 hour, measure 3 times, average.
In order to make the bronchial catheter rapid shaping produced, scheme as a further improvement on the present invention, in rapid three dimensional printing forming machine, add binding agent is 1% ~ 5% polyvinyl alcohol.
In order to the bronchial catheter produced can be made, there is good supporting role, scheme as a further improvement on the present invention, as required, in many shower nozzles three-dimensional printer, add memorial alloy powder, or other elastic material powder or biodegradation material powder.
In order to memory alloy material can be made to be applicable to bronchial catheter operation, scheme as a further improvement on the present invention, the recovery temperature of the memorial alloy powder selected is between 30 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C.
During the use of this bronchial catheter, adopt transesophageal ultrasonography, guiding in real time bronchial catheter to insert location in insertion process, concrete using method is as follows:
1. transesophageal ultrasonography technology guides lower location, and namely transesophageal ultrasonography probe enters esophagus by oral cavity, is placed on corresponding thoracic vertebra plane, Real Time Observation bronchial catheter insertion process, guides bronchial catheter location;
2. apply shutoff and ventilatory effect that volume expansion method detects the corresponding lobe of the lung, namely after patient enters operating room, in autonomous respiration situation, adopt linear ultrasonic scanheads first via midclavicular line, anterior axillary line, midaxillary line scans the two lung upper, middle and lower lobes of the lung respectively at air-breathing end, the volume changing value of end-tidal, as preoperative basic value, calculate end-tidal volume and the air-breathing end volume ratio of each lobe of the lung, after being inserted into bronchial catheter, above-mentioned end-tidal volume and air-breathing end volume ratio in measurement artificial ventilation situation again, ratio change is more than 10 ~ 15%, then think that the ventilation of the corresponding lobe of the lung is undesirable.
During the use of this bronchial catheter, adopt electromagnetic navigation bronchoscope, guiding in real time bronchial catheter to insert location in insertion process, concrete using method is as follows:
1. the threedimensional model that electromagnetic navigation bronchoscope is rebuild according to the air ducting system CT image obtained in manufacture method carries out real-time navigation, namely computer first to be made a plan according to the gauge point of glottis, trachea cricoid cartilage section, left and right main bronchus opening, the planning of left and right lobar bronchi opening according to threedimensional model, then the bronchoscope that navigates is guided bronchial catheter in real time and is carried out intubate, arrive according to both working out a scheme and specify bronchus opening, fix the visual field; Insert controllable guided sheath pipe, adjustment guide sheath pipe direction is consistent with direction of advance on screen, and last bronchial catheter or shutoff pipe front end arrive target's center, escape leading sheath pipe;
2. apply shutoff and ventilatory effect that volume expansion method detects the corresponding lobe of the lung, namely after patient enters operating room, in autonomous respiration situation, adopt linear ultrasonic scanheads first via midclavicular line, anterior axillary line, midaxillary line scans the two lung upper, middle and lower lobes of the lung respectively at air-breathing end, the volume changing value of end-tidal, as preoperative basic value, calculate end-tidal volume and the air-breathing end volume ratio of each lobe of the lung, after being inserted into bronchial catheter, above-mentioned end-tidal volume and air-breathing end volume ratio in measurement artificial ventilation situation again, ratio change is more than 10 ~ 15%, then think that the ventilation of the corresponding lobe of the lung is undesirable.
In order to obtain preoperative volume change basic value, as a further improvement on the present invention scheme more accurately, the linear ultrasonic scanheads of employing is 50mm, frequency 7 ~ 10MHz.
In order to preoperative volume change basic value, as a further improvement on the present invention scheme more accurately can be obtained, measure three times, average.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is due to the data by transferring patient preoperative pulmonary conventional CT scan, without the need to increasing CT scan number of times in addition, utilize the simulation softward of computer that the patient airway system of acquisition and the data of lung tissue structure are carried out three-dimensional modeling, for the personalized customization of bronchial catheter provides Data support, and prepare different length by three-dimensional printing speed technology, different thicknesses, different bending angle, open-ended shape, quantity, the bronchial catheter in branch openings position, left and right and direction, one-shot forming, do not need Mold Making, improve the making precision of bronchial catheter simultaneously, in the bronchial catheter of printing shaping, double lumen endobronchial tube front inner wall or occlusion catheter are memorial alloy material, there is certain deformability, grow according to patient airway and variation situation, determine the deformability of memory alloy portion, the special change of complete matching air flue anatomical variation, reduces patient painful, personalized customization meets the special requirement of different parts anatomical structure bronchial catheter, anglec of rotation problem when eliminating the intubate set direction of the intrinsic angle of bend of double lumen endobronchial tube and insert, solve the selection difficult problem that bronchial catheter inserts post deflection angle, simplify the using method of bronchial catheter, transesophageal ultrasonography or electromagnetic navigation bronchoscope, guiding in real time bronchial catheter inserts location, facilitate insertion and the location of bronchial catheter, simplify the service routine of current clinical bronchial catheter, reduce patient anatomical to make a variation the blindness brought to clinical intubate, avoid the generation of medical tangle, good intubate effect and higher patient satisfaction can be obtained, be especially applicable to the bronchial cannula and the Operation that solve anatomical variation patient, for clinicist's operation process provides convenient, alleviate the burden of doctor, practical teaching needs can be met preferably simultaneously.
Detailed description of the invention
Below the present invention is done and further illustrate.
Embodiment one, to make and to use double lumen endobronchial tube, transesophageal ultrasonography guide cannula method, for adult:
Tracheobronchial tree causes airway constriction due to outside compressing or the interior life thing that swells, make conduit cannot insert or insert shallow: left principal bronchus due to physiological variation or right lung pathological changes make mediastinum occur displacement time, the angle of left principal bronchus and trachea can increase to more than 55 °, when left double lumen endobronchial tube is inserted, bronchial lumen cannot insert left principal bronchus, and easily slip into right principal bronchus, time normal, upper right lobar bronchi opening is apart from trachea carina about 2cm, as the variation of upper right lobar bronchi opening, the distance of opening and trachea carina is less than 2cm; There is the anatomical variation of bronchus aperture position in the people of normal population nearly 3%, as bronchus lobaris superior dexter is directly opened on tracheal wall etc., although right double lumen endobronchial tube end placed-depth is suitable, side opening cannot aligned position variation upper right lobar bronchi opening, cannot ventilate to the upper right lobe of the lung.
Branch part and the angle of tradition double lumen endobronchial tube fix specification, far can not meet the needs of above-mentioned variation.
In order to obtain good ventilatory effect and ensure patient safety in operation process, this example adopts three-dimensional printing technology preparation to have the double lumen endobronchial tube of this specific demand, and its operating procedure is as follows:
1. by CT scanner, 3-D scanning is carried out to patient airway system, obtain patient airway system and the data needed for lung tissue structure's three-dimensional reconstruction.
For Siemens SomatomDefinition double source CT, FujitsuSiemens post processing work station, tube voltage is set as 120kV; Tube current is set as 200 ~ 260mAs (determining according to trunk thickness); Sweep time is set as 0.5 ~ 0.8s/r; Pitch is set as 0.7 ~ 1.5; Scan slice thickness is set as 5mm; Rebuild thickness and be set as 1.5mm; Rebuild interlayer every being set as 1.5mm; Scan pattern is helical scanning.
In order to can effectively according to the corresponding measurement point of CT scanner image Measurement accuracy, coronal scan scope from nose to sphenoid sinus trailing edge, axial scan scope from nasopharynx to tertiary bronchus end, coronal scan thickness is 3mm, horizontal position Scan slice thickness is 1mm, scanning window position 400Hu, window width 2000Hu.
Method for reconstructing: MPR (multiplanarreformation) Multi-planar reformation; Min ~ IP (minimumintensityprojection) minimum density projection (being used for showing trachea); VE (virtualendoscope) Virtual Endoscopy imaging (being mainly used in display air flue inwall and congestion situations).
2. according to pathological characteristic and anatomical structure, respiratory tract key position is defined as soft palate back zone, uvula district, tongue back zone, epiglottis back zone, trachea, main bronchus position, left and right and opening angle, measured between the corresponding surveying marker point of corresponding CT image by the Measurement and analysis software of computer, obtain the measurement cross section of patient simulation's trachea cannula posture air ducting system and corresponding surveying marker point, just can obtain after analysis in long (crown footpath), wide (sagittal diameter), the critical size of the air ducting system on high (horizontal position) three characteristic directions, and then calculate through front tooth to the definite approach of target left and right bronchus opening, comprise the angle of each straight line path and needs deflection.
The measurement and calculation of patient simulation's trachea cannula posture air ducting system comprises the measurement of Lu Mian sclerous tissues, teeth uncovered by lips, air flue are measured, left and right main bronchus is measured and space structure and ratio, and measurements of Lu Mian sclerous tissues is included in Cranial MRI measures pogonion to cervical vertebra frontal plane distance and hyoid bone to chin, puts distance to eye-ear plane distance, hyoid bone to lower jaw plane separation, hyoid bone to NB distance, rear basal length (bone nasopharynx), hyoid bone, teeth uncovered by lips comprises soft palate area, proventriculus type area, soft palate length, soft palate maximum gauge and proventriculus type thickness width, air flue measurement comprises the sagittal area of upper respiratory tract each anatomical area air flue, the anteroposterior diameter of air flue, PNS is to pharynx summit distance, supreme pharynx wall distance (nasopharynx) of PNS, to soft palate posterior pharyngeal wall apart from (palate pharynx) after soft palate, to root of the tongue posterior pharyngeal wall apart from (glossopharyngeum) after the root of the tongue, epiglottic vallecula is to span of swallowing (laryngopharynx), distance before and after lower pharynx wall, the narrowest epipharynx air flue gap, cavum nasopharyngeum area, cavum nasopharyngeum width, tracheal diameter, nasopharyngeal airways area, palate is breathed one's last area, glossopharyngeum air flue area, laryngopharynx air flue area, oral cavity sectional area and pharyngeal cavity sectional area, left and right main bronchus measurement comprise the tracheal diameter of sternal angle plane, knuckle and left and right main bronchus axis oriented normal plane left and right main bronchus internal diameter, measure sternal angle plane tracheal diameter and knuckle and left principal bronchus vertical plane left and right main bronchus internal diameter and opening angle, space structure and ratio comprise teeth groove seat angle, lower teeth groove seat angle, AB plane angle, upper central incisor inclination angle, lower jaw plane is to front cranial base angle, eye-ear plane is to facial plane angle, proventriculus type and cavum nasopharyngeum ratio, the narrowest epipharynx air flue gap and tracheal diameter ratio, proventriculus type area and cavum nasopharyngeum area ratio, upper front tooth to uvula to glottis after joint angle and upper front tooth to tongue to glottis after combine angle, incisura cartilago thyreoidea is to the distance of trailing edge, incisura cartilago thyreoidea is to the mid point of lower edge line to the distance of trailing edge, thyroid cartilage lower edge is to the distance of trailing edge, incisura cartilago thyreoidea is to the distance of lower edge, lamina of thyroid cartilage upper limb is to the distance of lower edge, the 1/3 position measurement lamina of thyroid cartilage angle angle being equivalent to vocal cords level in lamina of thyroid cartilage.
In order to obtain model data more accurately, location and the Measurement and analysis of all surveying marker points have all been concentrated in 1 ~ 2 hour, measure 3 times, average.
According to above-mentioned method of testing, feature set 30 volunteers carry out data acquisition and three-dimensional modeling, and 30 volunteers comprise 17 men and 13 Mies, specifying information and data result as follows:
Volunteer's essential information (
n=30)
| Sex | Male/female=17/13 |
| Age (year) | 38±10 |
| Body weight (K g) | 72±13 |
| Height (cm) | 170±12 |
Air flue Three-dimension Reconstruction Model measurement result (
n=30, mean ± standard deviation)
Volunteer's epithelium healing median sagittal position measurement data statistic analysis result (
n=30 mean ± standard deviation)
3. by the simulation softward of computer, the patient airway system of acquisition and the data of lung tissue structure are carried out three-dimensional modeling, special circumstances may be run in the process simulation catheterization procedure inputted by the simulation softward of computer, whether there is the variation of airway constriction, trachea song, airway obstruction, left and right bronchus opening angle and internal diameter size partially, build the upper respiratory model of personalized complete human body.
4. personalized adjustment made by the threedimensional model in conjunction with existing bronchial catheter, shape, size, thickness, camber, the left and right branch openings angle of the required bronchial catheter of adjustment, and set support system position, size, the final virtual threedimensional model obtaining the bronchial catheter meeting the requirement of patients bronchial's intubate.
5. in rapid three dimensional printing forming machine, add modified polyvinyl chloride powder and 5% polyvinyl alcohol respectively, the consumption percentage of this modified polyvinyl chloride powder and polyvinyl alcohol is 100:10, networking be communicated with above computer with rapid three dimensional printing forming machine, and in many shower nozzles three-dimensional printer, add the memorial alloy powder of recovery temperature between 30 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C, according to the virtual three-dimensional model printing shaping bronchial catheter of bronchial catheter.
The special branch opening finally printed, the double lumen endobronchial tube at bronchial catheter inwall with memorial alloy support system, do not need manually to polish, can directly apply.
This double lumen endobronchial tube with memorial alloy support system, can use as common single lumen catheter when inserting tube core, anglec of rotation problem when eliminating the intubate set direction of its intrinsic angle of bend and insert, insert backed off after random tube core, memorial alloy recovers left or the bent angle of right avertence, is convenient to insert corresponding bronchus.
In the insertion process of bronchial catheter, by transesophageal ultrasonography, guiding in real time bronchial catheter inserts location.Transesophageal ultrasonography probe enters esophagus by oral cavity, is placed on corresponding thoracic vertebra plane, and Real Time Observation bronchial catheter inserts situation, guides bronchial catheter location.
After inserting bronchial catheter, ultrasound volume expansion method is adopted to check shutoff and the ventilatory effect of the corresponding lobe of the lung, adopt 50mm, the linear ultrasonic scanheads of frequency 7 ~ 10MHz carries out localization by ultrasonic, the scanning upper, middle and lower lobe of the lung, application volume expansion method detects shutoff and the ventilatory effect of the corresponding lobe of the lung, after patient enters operating room, in autonomous respiration situation, first via midclavicular line, anterior axillary line, midaxillary line scans the two lung upper, middle and lower lobes of the lung respectively at air-breathing end, the volume change of end-tidal, measure three times, get its meansigma methods as preoperative basic value, calculate end-tidal volume and the air-breathing end volume ratio of each lobe of the lung, after being inserted into bronchial catheter, above-mentioned end-tidal volume and air-breathing end volume ratio in measurement artificial ventilation situation again, ratio change, more than 10 ~ 15%, thinks that the ventilation of the corresponding lobe of the lung is undesirable, this verification method can carry out contrast verification with traditional auscultation, sputum smear fiberobronchoscopy method.
Embodiment two, to make bronchi plugging catheter, transesophageal ultrasonography guide cannula method, for old people:
This example adopts three-dimensional printing technology preparation for the bronchi plugging catheter of old people, and its operating procedure is as follows:
1. by three-dimensional camera air ducting system being carried out to comprehensive scanning built-in in CT scan device, 3-D scanning is carried out to patient airway system, obtain patient airway system and the data needed for lung tissue structure's three-dimensional reconstruction.
2. calculating is through front tooth to the definite approach of target left and right bronchus opening, comprises the angle of each straight line path and needs deflection, determines the critical size of respiratory tract key position and air ducting system.
3. by the simulation softward of computer, the patient airway system of acquisition and the data of lung tissue structure are carried out three-dimensional modeling, special circumstances may be run in the process simulation catheterization procedure inputted by the simulation softward of computer, whether there is the variation of airway constriction, trachea song, airway obstruction, left and right bronchus opening angle and internal diameter size partially, build the upper respiratory model of personalized complete human body.
4. make personalized adjustment in conjunction with existing double lumen endobronchial tube threedimensional model, shape, size, thickness, camber, the left and right branch openings angle of the required double lumen endobronchial tube of adjustment, the final virtual threedimensional model obtaining the double lumen endobronchial tube meeting the requirement of patients bronchial's intubate.
5. in rapid three dimensional printing forming machine, add modified polyvinyl chloride powder and 3% polyvinyl alcohol respectively, the consumption percentage of this modified polyvinyl chloride powder and polyvinyl alcohol is 100:6, networking is communicated with above computer and rapid three dimensional printing forming machine, and in many shower nozzles three-dimensional printer, add the memorial alloy powder of recovery temperature between 30 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C, according to the virtual three-dimensional model printing shaping bronchi plugging catheter of bronchi plugging catheter.
The bronchi plugging catheter that the applicable old people of finally printing uses, does not need manually to polish, can directly apply.
This bronchi plugging catheter part with memorial alloy support system is via after endotracheal tube part front opening, can refresh memory form, directly enter left side or right side bronchial catheter, facilitate shutoff homologous bronchi, simplify current clinical bronchus shutoff pipe service routine.
Guide cannula method is the same.
Embodiment three, to make double lumen endobronchial tube, electromagnetic navigation bronchoscope guiding in real time intubate, for child:
According to operation and state of an illness needs, child can accept endobronchial intubation as adult, but there is the difference on dissecting, and the ring-type of child is soft carefully narrow, in inclination position low after front height, and is position the narrowest in whole epithelium healing; Tracheal bronchus bifurcated is high, and in the 2nd thoracic vertebra plane, tracheal bronchus crotch angulation is substantially identical in child both sides, and as double lumen endobronchial tube inserts comparatively dark, on the left of intubate enters, bronchial chance is equal with right side.
For compared with small children and the short and small adult of part, if x-ray postero-anterior position plain chest film tracheal diameter measured value is less than 8mm, the left 28Fr double lumen endobronchial tube of current commercially available minimum model is also difficult to insert trachea or main bronchus.
This example adopts three-dimensional printing technology preparation for the double lumen endobronchial tube compared with small children and the short and small adult of part, and its operating procedure is as follows:
1. by three-dimensional camera air ducting system being carried out to comprehensive scanning built-in in CT scan device, 3-D scanning is carried out to patient airway system, obtain patient airway system and the data needed for lung tissue structure's three-dimensional reconstruction.
2. calculating is through front tooth to the definite approach of target left and right bronchus opening, comprises the angle of each straight line path and needs deflection, determines the critical size of respiratory tract key position and air ducting system.
3. by the simulation softward of computer, the patient airway system of acquisition and the data of lung tissue structure are carried out three-dimensional modeling, special circumstances may be run in the process simulation catheterization procedure inputted by the simulation softward of computer, whether there is the variation of airway constriction, trachea song, airway obstruction, left and right bronchus opening angle and internal diameter size partially, build the upper respiratory model of personalized complete human body.
4. make personalized adjustment in conjunction with existing double lumen endobronchial tube threedimensional model, shape, size, thickness, camber, the left and right branch openings angle of the required double lumen endobronchial tube of adjustment, the final virtual threedimensional model obtaining the double lumen endobronchial tube meeting the requirement of patients bronchial's intubate.
5. in rapid three dimensional printing forming machine, add modified polyvinyl chloride powder and 1% polyvinyl alcohol respectively, the consumption percentage of this modified polyvinyl chloride powder and polyvinyl alcohol is 100:3, networking is communicated with above computer and rapid three dimensional printing forming machine, according to the virtual three-dimensional model printing shaping double lumen endobronchial tube of double lumen endobronchial tube.
The double lumen endobronchial tube being applicable to using compared with small children and the short and small adult of part finally printed, does not need manually to polish, can directly apply.
The threedimensional model that electromagnetic navigation bronchoscope is rebuild according to the air ducting system CT image obtained in manufacture method carries out real-time navigation, namely computer is first made a plan according to the gauge point that glottis, trachea cricoid cartilage section, left and right main bronchus opening, left and right lobar bronchi opening etc. are planned according to threedimensional model, then the bronchoscope that navigates is guided bronchial catheter in real time and is carried out intubate, arrive according to both working out a scheme and specify bronchus opening, fix the visual field; Insert controllable guided sheath pipe, adjustment guide sheath pipe direction is consistent with direction of advance on screen, and last bronchial catheter or shutoff pipe front end arrive target's center, escape leading sheath pipe.
After inserting bronchial catheter, ultrasound volume expansion method is adopted to check shutoff and the ventilatory effect of the corresponding lobe of the lung.
The present invention is due to the data by transferring patient preoperative pulmonary conventional CT scan, without the need to increasing CT scan number of times in addition, utilize the simulation softward of computer that the patient airway system of acquisition and the data of lung tissue structure are carried out three-dimensional modeling, for the personalized customization of bronchial catheter provides Data support, and prepare different length by three-dimensional printing speed technology, different thicknesses, different bending angle, open-ended shape, quantity, the bronchial catheter in branch openings position, left and right and direction, one-shot forming, do not need Mold Making, improve the making precision of bronchial catheter simultaneously, in the bronchial catheter of printing shaping, double lumen endobronchial tube front inner wall or occlusion catheter are memorial alloy material, there is certain deformability, grow according to patient airway and variation situation, determine the deformability of memory alloy portion, the special change of complete matching air flue anatomical variation, reduces patient painful, personalized customization meets the special requirement of different parts anatomical structure bronchial catheter, anglec of rotation problem when eliminating the intubate set direction of the intrinsic angle of bend of double lumen endobronchial tube and insert, solve the selection difficult problem that bronchial catheter inserts post deflection angle, simplify the using method of bronchial catheter, transesophageal ultrasonography or electromagnetic navigation bronchoscope, guiding in real time bronchial catheter inserts location, facilitate insertion and the location of bronchial catheter, simplify the service routine of current clinical bronchial catheter, reduce patient anatomical to make a variation the blindness brought to clinical intubate, avoid the generation of medical tangle, good intubate effect and higher patient satisfaction can be obtained, be especially applicable to the bronchial cannula and the Operation that solve anatomical variation patient, for clinicist's operation process provides convenient, alleviate the burden of doctor, practical teaching needs can be met preferably simultaneously.
Claims (6)
1. a manufacture method for bronchial catheter, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
Step one, carries out 3-D scanning by CT scanner to patient airway system, obtains patient airway system and the data needed for lung tissue structure's three-dimensional reconstruction;
Step 2, according to pathological characteristic and anatomical structure, respiratory tract key position is defined as soft palate back zone, uvula district, tongue back zone, epiglottis back zone, trachea, main bronchus position, left and right and opening angle, measured between the corresponding surveying marker point of corresponding CT image by the Measurement and analysis software of computer, obtain the measurement cross section of patient simulation's trachea cannula posture air ducting system and corresponding surveying marker point, just can obtain long after analysis, wide, the size of the air ducting system on high three characteristic directions, and then calculate through front tooth to the definite approach of target left and right bronchus opening, comprise the angle of each straight line path and needs deflection,
Step 3, by the simulation softward of computer, the patient airway system of acquisition and the data of lung tissue structure are carried out three-dimensional modeling, the variation of airway constriction, trachea song, airway obstruction, left and right bronchus opening angle and internal diameter size partially may be run in the process simulation catheterization procedure inputted by the simulation softward of computer, build the upper respiratory model of personalized complete human body;
Step 4, personalized adjustment is made in conjunction with existing bronchial catheter threedimensional model, shape, size, thickness, camber, the left and right branch openings angle of the required bronchial catheter of adjustment, and setting support system position, size as required, final acquisition meets the virtual threedimensional model of the bronchial catheter of patients bronchial's catheter requirements;
Step 5, modified polyvinyl chloride powder and binding agent is added respectively in rapid three dimensional printing forming machine, the consumption percentage of this modified polyvinyl chloride powder and binding agent is 100:3 ~ 10, networking is communicated with above computer and rapid three dimensional printing forming machine, according to the virtual three-dimensional model printing shaping bronchial catheter of bronchial catheter.
2. the manufacture method of bronchial catheter according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described step one use the coronal scan scope of CT scanner from nose to sphenoid sinus trailing edge, axial scan scope from nasopharynx to tertiary bronchus end, coronal scan thickness is 3mm, horizontal position Scan slice thickness is 1mm, scanning window position 400Hu, window width 2000Hu.
3. the manufacture method of bronchial catheter according to claim 1, is characterized in that, location and the Measurement and analysis of all surveying marker points of described step 2 have all been concentrated in 1 ~ 2 hour, measure 3 times, average.
4. the manufacture method of bronchial catheter according to claim 1, is characterized in that, it is 1% ~ 5% polyvinyl alcohol that described step 5 adds binding agent in rapid three dimensional printing forming machine.
5. the manufacture method of the bronchial catheter according to claim 1 or 4, it is characterized in that, described step 5 as required, adds memorial alloy powder in many shower nozzles of rapid three dimensional printing forming machine, or other elastic material powder or biodegradation material powder.
6. the manufacture method of bronchial catheter according to claim 5, is characterized in that, the recovery temperature of described memorial alloy powder is between 30 DEG C ~ 35 DEG C.
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| CA2949456A1 (en) * | 2014-05-27 | 2015-12-03 | Osiris Biomed 3D, Llc | Medical 3d printing conex |
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| CN105303942B (en) * | 2015-10-22 | 2018-02-16 | 中国人民解放军第三军医大学第一附属医院 | A kind of bronchus navigation model |
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| EP3716106B1 (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2022-06-15 | Assistance Publique, Hopitaux De Paris | Method for designing and validating the shape and positioning of a cannula for a patient by simulating the insertion into the trachea |
| WO2021078119A1 (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-04-29 | 珠海赛纳三维科技有限公司 | Medical model and printing method, printing system and printing device thereof |
| CN111281535B (en) * | 2020-03-16 | 2024-05-31 | 山东大学齐鲁医院(青岛) | Double-cavity bronchial catheter matching and intubation simulating method and equipment |
| CN111991668B (en) * | 2020-09-28 | 2025-02-25 | 无锡市第二人民医院 | A 3D printing mold for secondary molding of tracheal tube and its use method |
| CN113456225B (en) * | 2021-07-22 | 2022-03-29 | 皖南医学院第一附属医院（皖南医学院弋矶山医院） | A kind of airway management navigation method and system |
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