CN101457303A - Smelting method of laterite ore - Google Patents
Smelting method of laterite ore Download PDFInfo
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- CN101457303A CN101457303A CNA2008101891510A CN200810189151A CN101457303A CN 101457303 A CN101457303 A CN 101457303A CN A2008101891510 A CNA2008101891510 A CN A2008101891510A CN 200810189151 A CN200810189151 A CN 200810189151A CN 101457303 A CN101457303 A CN 101457303A
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- slag
- laterite
- content
- source
- nickel
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Links
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 74
- 239000011504 laterite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 229910001710 laterite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 134
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 85
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 46
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 14
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229910052681 coesite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052906 cristobalite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052682 stishovite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910052905 tridymite Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 52
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 26
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 25
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 24
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O sulfonium Chemical compound [SH3+] RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 9
- WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenenickel Chemical compound [Ni]=S WWNBZGLDODTKEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 241001062472 Stokellia anisodon Species 0.000 description 5
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000863 Ferronickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052602 gypsum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010440 gypsum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000480 nickel oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxonickel Chemical compound [Ni]=O GNRSAWUEBMWBQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010028980 Neoplasm Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006004 Quartz sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000011510 cancer Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006477 desulfuration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000023556 desulfurization Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 fusing assistant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000543 intermediate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- LVIYYTJTOKJJOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Ni+2].C12=CC=CC=C2C(N=C2[N-]C(C3=CC=CC=C32)=N2)=NC1=NC([C]1C=CC=CC1=1)=NC=1N=C1[C]3C=CC=CC3=C2[N-]1 LVIYYTJTOKJJOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011044 quartzite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for smelting laterite. The method comprises the following steps: feeding a nickel-containing raw material including laterite, oxygen-containing gas, a fluxing agent, pulverized coal and/or powdered coke into a smelting furnace of a molten pool to perform smelting reaction by which furnace slag is produced. In the furnace slag, content of CaO plus MgO is not more than 33wt%, the content of SiO2 is not more than 43wt%, and the content of Fe is 5-15wt%; and the fluxing agent is selected from one or more than one of an S source, a Ca source, a Fe source and a SiO2 source. In the method, the smelting furnace of the molten pool is taken as equipment for smelting the laterite, which is beneficial to reducing the smelting cost; and matte formation and slagging reaction are performed completely in the smelting furnace of the molten pool by controlling components of the furnace slag so as to recover the nickel at a high recovery rate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the nickel minerals smelting process, be specifically related to a kind of smelting process of laterite.
Background technology
Nickel is widely used in fields such as stainless steel, plating, battery owing to having excellent mechanical intensity, ductility and very high chemical stability.Can two classes be arranged for the nickel resources of development and use at present, a class is a nickel oxide ore, also claims laterite, and another kind of is nickel sulfide ore.About 1.6 hundred million tons of the explored nickel resources in the whole world, wherein 30% is that nickel sulfide ore, 70% is laterite, the nickel product has 60% to come from sulphide ores approximately.Compare with nickel sulfide ore, the laterite aboundresources, mining cost is low, and it is ripe that smelting technology is tending towards, and can produce multiple intermediates such as nickel oxide, sulphur nickel, ferronickel, and mineral resources is convenient to transportation by the sea.Therefore, the development and use laterite has great importance.
Laterite is the loose argillaceous ore that hydrous oxides such as iron, magnesium, silicon are formed, by nickeliferous rock decay, soak pouring, alteration, enrichment and form.Existing explored laterite resource is distributed in south, the tropic of Cancer one band more, as Australia, Papua New Guinea, New Caledonia, Indonesia, Philippines and Cuba and other places.At present, the pyrometallurgical smelting process of laterite has ferronickel technology and two kinds of operational paths of nickel sulphur technology, and main melting equipment has rotary kiln, electric furnace and blast furnace.Wherein, the main products of nickel sulphur technology is a low nickel matte, because it is that height 40% or more is iced nickel that low nickel matte can further prepare nickel content, this product has bigger handiness: directly the general nickel of stainless steel industry is produced in retailoring behind desulfurization with roasting technique, also can be used as the raw material production nickel rondelle and the nickel powder of normal pressure powder base method refining nickel, can also directly cast the plant produced cathode nickel that positive plate send the nickelous sulfide electrorefining.Therefore, nickel sulphur technology smelting laterite has good market outlook.
In the melting equipment of laterite, rotary kiln and electric furnace investment are high, need expend a large amount of electric energy and carry out melting, the smelting cost height.Though blast furnace is invested lower slightly, strict to furnace charge and fuel can only act as a fuel with coke.Along with constantly riseing of coke price, cause and use the cost of blast furnace smelting laterite significantly to increase, so the advantage of blast furnace smelting laterite has developed into inferior position gradually.
Chinese invention patent CN100352956C discloses a kind of method that adopts bath smelting furnace to smelt tin ore, comprise tin ore is carried out weak retailoring, strong retailoring, three melting steps of sulfiding volatilization process successively, in melting, the silicate degree 0.75～1.35 of control slag makes the direct yield of tin reach 70%.
In the smelting non-ferrous metal reaction, slag is the primary product of reaction, so can the selection of slag composition have significant effects smoothly for melting reaction.Chinese patent literature CN1295364C discloses a kind of smelting process of blister copper, and this invention is by sending into the matte of oxygen-containing gas, copper ore concentrates and/or fine grinding in the reactor CaO/SiO in the slag of generation
2Ratio is greater than 1.5, and CaO+SiO in the slag
2+ FeO
xThe calculated value of lime content is greater than 20% in=100 systems, and this invention makes the high-quality blister copper of sulphur content less than 0.08wt% by obtaining the slag of above composition.
Because bath smelting furnace can use price to act as a fuel far below the fine coal of coke, therefore consider to use bath smelting furnace can significantly reduce the melting cost as the melting equipment of laterite.In the smelting process of laterite, the composition of slag is mainly SiO
2, MgO, CaO and Fe oxide compound, for high-recovery with the nickel enrichment, need assign to make melting reaction fully to carry out by the one-tenth of controlling above several slags.
Therefore, need provide a kind of method that can adopt bath smelting furnace to smelt laterite.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention solves is, a kind of method that can adopt bath smelting to smelt laterite is provided.
In order to solve above technical problem, the invention provides a kind of smelting process of laterite, nickel-bearing raw material, oxygen-containing gas, fusing assistant, coal dust and/or the coke powder that will comprise laterite are sent into and are carried out melting reaction in the bath smelting furnace, described bath smelting generates a kind of slag, and the content of CaO+MgO is no more than 33wt%, SiO in the described slag
2Content be no more than 43%wt%, Fe content is 5wt%～15wt%, described flux selection S source, Ca source, Fe source and SiO
2In the source one or more.
Preferably, the content of CaO+MgO is no more than 30wt% in the described slag.
Preferably, SiO in the described slag
2Content be 38wt%～44wt%.
Preferably, Fe content is 6wt%～10wt% in the described slag.
Preferably, to send into the gas pushing quantity in the bath smelting furnace be 35～48Nm to described oxygen-containing gas
3/ m
2
Preferably, to send into the aspirated pressure in the bath smelting furnace be 0.05MPa～0.1MPa to described oxygen-containing gas.
Preferably, described S source is sulphur concentrate or terra alba.
Preferably, described Ca source is a Wingdale.
Preferably, described Fe source is a sulfurous iron ore.
Preferably, laterite and sulphur concentrate or terra alba are made sent into bath smelting furnace behind the agglomerate that intensity is 4MPa～12MPa and carry out melting reaction.
The invention provides a kind of smelting process of laterite, raw material, oxygen-containing gas, fusing assistant, fine coal and/or the coke powder that will comprise laterite are sent into and are carried out melting reaction in the bath smelting furnace, the present invention uses bath smelting furnace as the equipment of smelting laterite, help reducing the melting cost, moiety by the control slag, make slag making and make reaction of Salmon-Saxl and in bath smelting furnace, fully carry out, nickel is reclaimed with high-recovery.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of the bath smelting furnace of the present invention's use;
Fig. 2 is the left view of the bath smelting furnace of the present invention's use.
Embodiment
In order to make those skilled in the art understand technical scheme of the present invention better, the present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
Because the bed ability height of bath smelting furnace, for fuel require lowly, can use coal dust to act as a fuel, help significantly reducing production costs, so the present invention adopts bath smelting furnace as melting equipment.
Please refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, Fig. 1 is the front view of the bath smelting furnace of the present invention's use, and Fig. 2 is the left view of the bath smelting furnace of the present invention's use.Bath smelting furnace comprises the shaft 11 that water jacket is made, shaft is installed on the basis 17 that refractory brick makes, and on shaft top feed-pipe 13 is installed, and feed-pipe is 1200mm～1600mm from bath surface, its diameter is 80mm～120mm, becomes 30～50 degree angles with vertical line.
Along in the side the symmetric spray gun of two rows being installed on its length direction, as shown in Figure 2, spray gun is from furnace bottom height 300～600mm in the shaft bottom, gun slot tilts to furnace bottom, angle of declination α is 3～6 degree, and the spray gun internal diameter is 20～40mm, and the spacing between the spray gun is 180mm～260mm.
The shaft bottom also comprises the relative slag notch in position 16 and goes out nickel mouth 15 that slag notch goes out the nickel mouth near furnace bottom apart from furnace bottom 400mm～500mm.At shaft top vertical draft flue 12 is arranged near slag notch one side.Hearth area 1～12m
2, processing power 25～35t/m
2D.
The fuel of bath smelting furnace can be selected fine coal, coke powder or their mixture for use, because the price of fine coal is far below coke, therefore preferred fine coal acts as a fuel.Described fine coal is meant the coal dust that will obtain after the coal grinding, and the particle diameter of fine coal can be between-100 orders～+ 400 orders, and preferred, the particle diameter of fine coal can be between-200 orders～+ 400 orders.In order to make full combustion of fuel impel laterite to carry out slag making and to make the sulfonium reaction, the oxygen-containing gas of need in smelting furnace, jetting, oxygen-containing gas can be common air or oxygen-rich air, preferably, winding-up oxygen volumn concentration is 50%～70% oxygen-rich air in smelting furnace, preferably, the oxygen volumn concentration in the oxygen-rich air is 550%～65%.
When adopting bath smelting furnace to smelt laterite, in order to make the smelting temperature that reaches suitable in the smelting furnace, can control blast 0.06MPa～0.15MPa, preferred, blast is controlled at 0.08MPa～0.12MPa.Air quantity can be controlled at 38N/m
2Min～50N/m
2Min, preferred, air quantity can be controlled at 40N/m
2Min～45N/m
2Min.The fine coal consumption can be 4kg/m
2Min～9kg/m
2Min, preferred, the fine coal consumption can be 5kg/m
2Min～7.5kg/m
2Min.
During blow-on, a part of low nickel matte and fuel oil are put into bath smelting furnace from feed-pipe, fuel oil can be diesel oil, after lighting diesel oil low nickel matte is melted, the amount of the low nickel matte that adds is advisable to form the dark melt of 200mm～300mm in stove, and then sends into laterite continuously and be selected from S source, Ca source, Fe source and SiO in bath smelting furnace from feed-pipe
2The fusing assistant of one or more in the source is sent in the bath smelting furnace, sprays into fine coal, makes sulfonium and slag making reaction.Is example with gypsum as fusing assistant, and following slag making reaction at first takes place:
CaSO
4+4C+2O
2＝CaS+4CO
2 (1)
FeO+CaS＝FeS+CaO (2)
MeO+SiO
2＝MeO·SiO
2 (3)
MeO is FeO, CaO, MgO, NiO.
The composition of the slag that generates is mainly FeOSiO
2, CaOSiO
2, MgOSiO
2And the oxide compound of other micro-metalss.
When carrying out the slag making reaction, make the sulfonium reaction below also taking place:
6NiS＝2Ni
3S
2+2S (5)
Ni
3S
2+FeS＝Ni
3S
2·FeS (6)
In making the sulfonium reaction, the main component of product is nickeliferous sulfide, is called sulfonium again, is the main component of low nickel matte.
The core of making sulfonium and slag making reaction is to make the nickel in the laterite generate low nickel matte and make other composition such as MgO, SiO
2In formation and the segregative slag of low nickel matte, the output of slag accounts for more than 80% of weight of furnace charge.The composition of slag is the principal element of the rate of recovery of separation degree, the nickel of decision smelting process, slag and low nickel matte.Term slag type is meant the component content in the slag, and for the smelting of laterite, the underlying condition of control reaction is to select suitable slag type so that make sulfonium and the carrying out of slag making sufficient reacting.
According to above-mentioned reaction as can be known, the main component of slag is oxide compound, the SiO of Fe
2, CaO, MgO.Wherein, the oxide compound of the iron of slag influences the fusing point of slag, if the oxide content of iron is low excessively, the temperature of fusion of slag is raise, then need to expend more fuel, if the ferriferous oxide too high levels, according to reaction (4) as can be known, reaction (4) is carried out in the opposite direction, nickel content in the rising slag, the rate of recovery of reduction nickel.CaO in the slag and MgO influence the potential of hydrogen of slag, i.e. (CaO+MgO)/SiO in the slag
2Ratio reaction be the basicity of slag, the flowability of the basicity affects slag of slag, CaO helps separating of slag and low nickel matte with MgO at suitable content in the control slag.SiO in the slag
2Also be the important factor that influences slag melting, too much SiO
2Can make the fusing point of slag too high.
It is to be noted, more than several compositions be not independent effect, the slag type promptly refers to the content of above several compositions in the above slag, cooperatively interact between several compositions in the slag, controlling slag making and making the carrying out that sulfonium reacts, therefore selecting suitable slag composition considerable influence all to be arranged for the rate of recovery of nickel and the bed ability of smelting furnace.For those skilled in the art, the key of smelting laterite is to select suitable target slag type, and behind definite target slag type, the addition that just can adjust fusing assistant obtains this target slag type, and melting reaction is carried out smoothly.
According to the present invention, when laterite was reacted in smelting furnace, the content of CaO+MgO was no more than 33wt% (weight percent), SiO in the target slag of selection
2Content be no more than 43wt%, Fe content is 5wt%～15wt%.If the content of CaO and MgO is too much in the slag, increased the basicity of slag, be unfavorable for separating of low nickel matte and slag.In addition, the SiO in the slag
2CaO in needs and the slag and the amount of MgO match melting reaction is carried out smoothly, too much SiO
2Can make the fusing point of slag too high.In addition, the Fe content in the slag is too much, can reduce the rate of recovery of nickel, and Fe content is crossed to hang down and then can be caused slag melting too high, is unfavorable for the carrying out of melting reaction.Preferably, the invention provides that the content of CaO+MgO is no more than 30wt%, SiO in the slag
2Content is that 38wt%～44wt%, Fe content are 5%～10wt%.
Described herein flux selection S source, Ca source, Fe source and SiO
2In the source one or more.Described Ca source, S source, Fe source, SiO
2Be meant the ore, the salt that contain these elemental compositions, in bath smelting furnace under the action of high temperature, what add that in fact the ore, the salt that comprise above these elements add is these elements.
Because the Ca content in the laterite is very low, does not contain S substantially, therefore need interpolation in addition to contain the S material and contain the material of Ca as additive.In addition, because the composition difference of laterite is bigger, at Fe content and SiO
2Under the more situation of content, the requirement of target slag type be can not satisfy, Fe element and SiO therefore needed to replenish in addition
2When adding Ca, S, Fe and SiO2, can be according to selecting suitable material to add simultaneously.
According to the present invention, can adopt the sulphur concentrate to replenish Fe and S simultaneously as vulcanizing agent, also can adopt terra alba to replenish Ca and S simultaneously as vulcanizing agent, adopt Wingdale or unslaked lime to replenish Ca separately, adopt quartzite to replenish SiO separately as flux as flux
2Preferably, at first select and to replenish the material of two kinds of elements simultaneously as vulcanizing agent according to the raw ore composition, promptly at first select sulphur concentrate and/or terra alba as vulcanizing agent, and then select the independent material that replenishes these element/compositions, promptly select unslaked lime and/or unslaked lime, quartz sand as flux.
When adding gypsum,, then needn't replenish Ca in addition separately if satisfy above requirement through the Ca that calculates in the furnace charge.In addition, if the SiO in the raw material in the laterite
2Content can satisfy target slag type, do not need to add in addition SiO yet
2After being ready to additive according to target slag type, get raw material ready as furnace charge, furnace charge of the present invention is meant in the bath smelting furnace that except that fuel participation makes the solid matter that sulfonium and slag making are reacted.
Below with embodiment and comparative example the present invention is further illustrated.According to the present invention, the method for calculation of the rate of recovery of nickel herein are the weight percent that the nickel content in the low nickel matte accounts for the nickel content in the laterite.
For better relatively invention effect, in following comparative example and embodiment, use identical fuel and additive.
Fine coal: fixed carbon content 65wt%, granularity is-200 orders～+ 400 orders;
Terra alba: CaO content is 42wt%, and S content is 24wt%;
Wingdale: CaO content is 53.5wt%;
Laterite R1: water-content is 33.5%, and the outer main component that dewaters is: 1.69wt%Ni, 16.25wt%Fe, 31.63wt%SiO
2, 20.28wt%MgO, 0.05wt%Co;
Laterite R2: water-content is 31%, and the outer main component that dewaters is: 1.85wt%Ni, 10.75wt%Fe, 43.38wt%SiO
2, 23.38wt%MgO, 0.06wt%Co;
Laterite R3: water-content is 35.5%, and the outer main component that dewaters is: 1.73wt%Ni, 10.13wt%Fe, 33.13wt%SiO
2, 23.2wt%MgO, 0.03wt%Co;
Laterite R4: water-content is 32.4%, and the outer main component that dewaters is: 1.78wt%Ni, 12.75wt%Fe, 34.63wt%SiO
2, 13.13wt%MgO, 0.05wt%Co;
Embodiment 1
Bath smelting furnace parameters: hearth area 2.5m
2, gun slot diameter 40mm, 8 of spray gun quantity, spray gun angle of declination 3.5 degree, spray gun width between centers 280mm, spray gun burning capacity are 800～1200kg/h.
During blow-on, in bath smelting furnace, put into low nickel matte (15wt%Ni, 55wt%Fe, 25.3wt%S) earlier, in stove, insert interim spray bar, the heavy oil amount is 110～230kg/h, the winding-up in stove of igniting back contains the oxygen-rich air of 60% oxygen, about control blast 0.08MPa, and air quantity 41N/m
3Min after low nickel matte is heated fusing, when having formed the melt of dark 300mm, removes interim spray bar, sprays into fine coal, enters the normal smelting stage.
Use laterite R1 as raw material, the feeding rate of laterite is 0.5tph (ton/hour), and winding-up contains the oxygen-rich air of 60% oxygen in stove, and about control blast 0.07MPa, air quantity is 44N/m
2Min, fine coal consumption are 7.1kg/m
2Min by the addition of control terra alba, Wingdale, obtains the slag of following composition: 0.132wt%Ni, 42wt%SiO
2, 8.5wt%Fe, 9.8wt%CaO, 20wt%MgO;
The composition of the low nickel matte that obtains is: 12.3wt%Ni, 60.1wt%Fe, 23.2wt%S;
The quantity of the low nickel matte of being produced is 75.4kg/ laterite per ton, and the rate of recovery of nickel is 82.6%, and the bed ability is 31t/m
2D (ton/square metre sky).
Embodiment 2
The bath smelting furnace of use and embodiment 1 identical parameters, blow-on technology is identical with embodiment 1.
Select laterite R2 as raw material, the feeding rate of laterite is 0.5tph, and winding-up contains the oxygen-rich air of 60% oxygen in stove, and about control blast 0.08MPa, air quantity is 46N/m
2Min, fine coal consumption are 7.5kg/m
2Min obtains the slag of following composition: 0.128%Ni, 39.6wt%SiO by the amount of controlling terra alba, Wingdale
2, 12.4wt%Fe, 8.5wt%CaO, 20.1wt%MgO;
The low nickel matte composition that obtains is: 11.4wt%Ni, 61.3wt%Fe, 21.4wt%S;
The quantity of the low nickel matte of being produced is 93.1kg/ laterite per ton, and the rate of recovery of nickel is 83.1%, and the bed ability is 31t/m
2D.
Embodiment 3
The bath smelting furnace of use and embodiment 1 identical parameters, blow-on technology is identical with embodiment 1.
Select laterite R3 as raw material, the feeding rate of laterite is 0.5tph, and winding-up contains the oxygen-rich air of 60% oxygen in stove, and about control blast 0.08MPa, air quantity is 48N/m
2Min, fine coal consumption are 7.3kg/m
2Min obtains the slag of following composition: 0.128%Ni, 38.2wt%SiO by the amount of controlling terra alba, Wingdale
2, 8.6wt%Fe, 6.7wt%CaO, 20.8wt%MgO;
The low nickel matte composition that obtains is: 15.5wt%Ni, 62.3wt%Fe, 23.5wt%S;
The quantity of the low nickel matte of being produced is 59.1kg/ laterite per ton, and the rate of recovery of nickel is 81.8%, and the bed ability is 31t/m
2D.
Embodiment 4
The bath smelting furnace of use and embodiment 1 identical parameters, blow-on technology is identical with embodiment 1.
Select laterite R4 as raw material, the feeding rate of laterite is 0.5tph, and winding-up contains the oxygen-rich air of 60% oxygen in stove, and about control blast 0.08MPa, air quantity is 44N/m
2Min, fine coal consumption are 7.4kg/m
2Min obtains the slag of following composition: 0.124%Ni, 41.2wt%SiO by the amount of controlling terra alba, Wingdale
2, 12.2wt%Fe, 7.2wt%CaO, 19.8wt%MgO;
The low nickel matte composition that obtains is: 11.4wt%Ni, 63.5wt%Fe, 20.5wt%S;
The quantity of the low nickel matte of being produced is 8kg/ laterite per ton, and the rate of recovery of nickel is 82.5%, and the bed ability is 31t/m
2D.
Comparative example 1
The bath smelting furnace of use and embodiment 1 identical parameters, the blow-on processing step is identical with embodiment 1.
Select laterite R1 as raw material, the feeding rate of laterite is 0.5tph, and winding-up contains the oxygen-rich air of 60% oxygen in stove, and about control blast 0.07MPa, air quantity is 43N/m
2Min, fine coal consumption are 7.4kg/m
2Min controls the composition of slag by the amount of control terra alba, obtains the slag of following composition: 0.48wt%Ni, 43.4wt%SiO
2, 12.1wt%Fe, 16wt%CaO, 22wt%MgO;
The composition of the low nickel matte that obtains is: 8.45wt%Ni, 65.5wt%Fe, 28.3wt%S;
The quantity of the low nickel matte of being produced is 98.2kg/ laterite per ton, and the rate of recovery of nickel is 74%, and the bed ability is 31t/m
2D.
According to above argumentation as can be known, when adopting bath smelting furnace to smelt laterite, help reducing the melting cost, form, can improve the rate of recovery of nickel effectively by adjusting slag.
More than adopt method to be described in detail to employing bath smelting furnace smelting laterite provided by the present invention.Used specific embodiment and comparative example herein principle of the present invention and embodiment are set forth, the explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof.Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection domain of claim of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of smelting process of laterite, nickel-bearing raw material, oxygen-containing gas, fusing assistant, fine coal and/or the coke powder that will comprise laterite are sent into and are carried out melting reaction in the bath smelting furnace, described melting reaction generates a kind of slag, and the content of CaO+MgO is no more than 33wt%, SiO in the described slag
2Content be no more than 43wt%, Fe content is 5wt%～15wt%, described fusing assistant is selected from S source, Ca source, Fe source and SiO
2In the source one or more.
2, method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the content of CaO+MgO in the described slag is no more than 30wt%.
3, method according to claim 2 is characterized in that SiO in the described slag
2Content be 38wt%～44wt%.
4, method according to claim 3 is characterized in that Fe content is 6wt%～10wt% in the described slag.
5,, it is characterized in that the gas pushing quantity that described oxygen-containing gas is sent in the bath smelting furnace is 35～48Nm according to each described method of claim 1 to 4
3/ m
2
6, method according to claim 5 is characterized in that the aspirated pressure that described oxygen-containing gas is sent in the bath smelting furnace is 0.05Mpa～0.1MPa.
7,, it is characterized in that described S source is sulphur concentrate or terra alba according to each described method of claim 1 to 4.
8,, it is characterized in that described Ca source is a Wingdale according to each described method of claim 1 to 4.
9,, it is characterized in that described Fe source is a sulfurous iron ore according to each described method of claim 1 to 4.
10,, it is characterized in that laterite and sulphur concentrate or terra alba made to send into behind the agglomerate that intensity is 4MPa～12MPa carrying out melting reaction in the bath smelting furnace according to each described method of claim 7.
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| CN2008101891510A CN101457303B (en) | 2008-12-29 | 2008-12-29 | Smelting method of laterite ore |
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| CN2008101891510A CN101457303B (en) | 2008-12-29 | 2008-12-29 | Smelting method of laterite ore |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102140585A (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2011-08-03 | 吉林吉恩镍业股份有限公司 | Method for smelting nickel ore concentrate by using smelting furnace |
| CN103924088A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-16 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | Method for recovering and treating waste batteries or materials containing Co and/or Ni |
| CN109680164A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-04-26 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | A method of preparing nickel matte |
-
2008
- 2008-12-29 CN CN2008101891510A patent/CN101457303B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102140585A (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2011-08-03 | 吉林吉恩镍业股份有限公司 | Method for smelting nickel ore concentrate by using smelting furnace |
| CN102140585B (en) * | 2011-03-11 | 2013-04-24 | 吉林吉恩镍业股份有限公司 | Method for smelting nickel ore concentrate by using smelting furnace |
| CN103924088A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-16 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | Method for recovering and treating waste batteries or materials containing Co and/or Ni |
| CN103924088B (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2016-05-11 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | Containing Co and/or the old and useless battery of Ni or the recovery and treatment method of material |
| CN109680164A (en) * | 2019-01-04 | 2019-04-26 | 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 | A method of preparing nickel matte |
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