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CN120536739A - A composite treatment process for high-temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag - Google Patents

A composite treatment process for high-temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag

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Publication number
CN120536739A
CN120536739A CN202510700045.8A CN202510700045A CN120536739A CN 120536739 A CN120536739 A CN 120536739A CN 202510700045 A CN202510700045 A CN 202510700045A CN 120536739 A CN120536739 A CN 120536739A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
smelting
slag
furnace
oxidation
smelting slag
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202510700045.8A
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
陆金忠
孙晓峰
胡秀娟
吴玲
刘恺
李晓霞
李海春
王健龙
李鸿飞
杨占广
黎敏
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
China ENFI Engineering Corp
China Nonferrous Metals Engineering Co Ltd
Original Assignee
China ENFI Engineering Corp
China Nonferrous Metals Engineering Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by China ENFI Engineering Corp, China Nonferrous Metals Engineering Co Ltd filed Critical China ENFI Engineering Corp
Priority to CN202510700045.8A priority Critical patent/CN120536739A/en
Publication of CN120536739A publication Critical patent/CN120536739A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/04—Working-up slag
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C1/00—Magnetic separation
    • B03C1/005—Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation
    • B03C1/015—Pretreatment specially adapted for magnetic separation by chemical treatment imparting magnetic properties to the material to be separated, e.g. roasting, reduction, oxidation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/02—Silicon
    • C01B33/021—Preparation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B11/00—Obtaining noble metals
    • C22B11/02—Obtaining noble metals by dry processes
    • C22B11/021—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials
    • C22B11/023—Recovery of noble metals from waste materials from pyrometallurgical residues, e.g. from ashes, dross, flue dust, mud, skim, slag, sludge
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B13/00—Obtaining lead
    • C22B13/02—Obtaining lead by dry processes
    • C22B13/025—Recovery from waste materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
    • C22B15/0026—Pyrometallurgy
    • C22B15/0054—Slag, slime, speiss, or dross treating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B19/00—Obtaining zinc or zinc oxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B23/00—Obtaining nickel or cobalt
    • C22B23/02—Obtaining nickel or cobalt by dry processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B30/00—Obtaining antimony, arsenic or bismuth
    • C22B30/04—Obtaining arsenic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00—Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/001—Dry processes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a composite treatment process for high-temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag, and belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metal smelting. The method comprises the steps of adding smelting slag and fuel into a first smelting furnace for high-temperature reduction smelting, controlling the temperature in the first smelting furnace to be 1400-1500 ℃ to obtain a metal phase, iron-rich smelting slag and first smelting furnace smoke, sending the iron-rich smelting slag into a second smelting furnace for high-temperature oxidation smelting, controlling the temperature in the second smelting furnace to be 1400-1600 ℃ to obtain foam slag and second smelting furnace smoke, granulating the foam slag, cooling the foam slag after the treatment is finished to obtain Fe 3O4 -containing smelting slag, and grinding and magnetically separating the Fe 3O4 -containing smelting slag to obtain iron concentrate and tailings. The invention solves the problems of complex treatment process, environmental pollution, low recovery rate of valuable metals, low quality of iron concentrate and the like of the existing smelting slag by adopting a high-temperature split-slag phase oxidation-magnetic separation enrichment cooperative treatment technology.

Description

Combined treatment process for high-temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metal smelting, and particularly relates to a composite treatment process of smelting slag.
Background
Copper smelting slag generally contains valuable metals such as copper (0.5% -3%), lead and zinc (0.1% -1.5%), iron (35% -45%). The traditional copper smelting slag treatment mode mainly comprises two processes of slag beneficiation and slag electric furnace depletion. The slag beneficiation process can recover various valuable metals such as copper, iron and the like from copper smelting slag, and improves the comprehensive utilization rate of resources, but has the following defects that (1) the recovery rate is low, the mineral composition of the copper smelting slag is complex, the minerals are difficult to completely separate in the beneficiation process, and the valuable metals cannot be fully recovered. (2) The magnetic separation precision is limited because the iron oxide of fayalite (Fe 2SiO4) in copper slag has high proportion and weak magnetism, so that the magnetic separation method is difficult to effectively recycle, and the iron concentrate often contains impurities such as lead, zinc and the like and cannot be directly used as a steelmaking raw material. (3) The adaptability to slag is poor, and the components and properties of copper smelting slag can be greatly different due to the smelting process, raw material sources and other factors. The change of the grade, sulfur content, oxidation degree and the like of copper in slag can influence the ore dressing index. (4) The tailings are difficult to treat, and the tailings cannot be directly used in the building industry, and still need to be piled in open air. Toxic elements such as lead, arsenic and the like remained in the tailings can be released in the weathering and rainwater erosion processes, so that the environmental problems such as soil salinization, groundwater pollution and the like are caused. Compared with a slag beneficiation process, the slag electric furnace depletion process has the advantages of small occupied area without huge crushing, ore grinding, floatation and other equipment and corresponding plants and storage yards, but the recovery rate of valuable metals of the process is still not very high, copper in the depleted slag is high, and some heavy metals or harmful elements (such as lead, arsenic and the like) possibly remain, and in addition, the process has the problem of high energy consumption, and has high electric energy consumption and depends on stable electric power supply.
Chinese patent application No. 20201950185. X discloses a method for separating and recovering valuable metals by chloridizing roasting copper smelting slag. Although the method realizes the high-efficiency separation of lead, zinc and iron through sectional temperature rise, atmosphere regulation and magnetic separation recovery, the method needs to strictly carry out sectional temperature control (the temperature of the first section is 800-850 ℃ and the temperature of the second section is 1000-1050 ℃) and accurately regulate the atmosphere, has higher requirements on the operation level, can generate chlorine in the chloridizing roasting process, has higher requirements on equipment materials and tightness, has complex treatment of the chlorine and has certain environmental protection pressure.
The Chinese patent application number 202210274701.9 discloses a depletion smelting process of copper smelting slag. The method mainly adopts an oxygen-enriched side-blown double-zone molten pool smelting method to carry out depletion treatment on copper smelting slag, but the process has the advantages of high difficulty in cooperative control of the double-zone furnace, poor adaptability to raw materials and strict control on slag components.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a composite treatment process for high-temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag, which realizes volatilization and iron phase reconstruction of lead, zinc, arsenic and silver by a high-temperature split-slag phase oxidation-magnetic separation enrichment cooperative treatment technology and cooperative control of temperature and oxidizing atmosphere, and solves the technical problems of complex treatment process, environmental pollution, low recovery rate of valuable metals, low quality of iron concentrate and the like in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a composite treatment process for high-temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag, which comprises the following steps:
Adding smelting slag and fuel into a first smelting furnace for high-temperature reduction smelting, and controlling the temperature in the first smelting furnace to be 1400-1500 ℃ to obtain a metal phase, iron-rich smelting slag and first smelting furnace flue gas;
Feeding the smelting slag rich in iron into a second smelting furnace for high-temperature oxidation smelting, and controlling the temperature in the second smelting furnace to be 1400-1600 ℃ to obtain foam slag and second smelting furnace flue gas;
Granulating the foam slag, and cooling after finishing the treatment to obtain smelting slag containing Fe 3O4;
Grinding and magnetically separating the Fe 3O4 -containing smelting slag to obtain iron concentrate and tailings.
Further, the second smelting furnace contains an oxygen-enriched atmosphere, and the oxygen volume concentration of the oxygen-enriched atmosphere is 21-95%.
Further, the mass ratio of the smelting slag to the fuel is 1:0.01-0.1.
Further, the fuel is selected from one or more of pulverized coal, lump coal or natural gas.
Further, the oxygen consumption in the high-temperature oxidation smelting process is 15-25 Nm 3 based on the weight of each ton of the iron-rich smelting slag.
Further, the granulating treatment is selected from wet granulating or dry granulating, wherein the wet granulating is water quenching and scattering, the water pressure of the water quenching and scattering is 0.2-1.0 MPa, the wind speed is 10-30 Nm 3/s, the dry granulating is wind crushing and scattering, the wind pressure of the wind crushing and scattering is 0.2-1.0 MPa, and the wind speed is higher than 150Nm 3/s.
Further, the combined treatment process further comprises the following steps of introducing the first smelting furnace flue gas and the second smelting furnace flue gas into a waste heat boiler to recover waste heat, and obtaining first smoke dust and first flue gas;
Carrying out dust collection treatment on the first flue gas to obtain second smoke dust and second flue gas;
And after the first smoke dust and the second smoke dust are subjected to wet treatment, recovering valuable metals of lead, zinc, arsenic and silver.
Further, the second smelting furnace adopts the following structural design, and comprises a furnace body, a blowing device and a transmission device, wherein the transmission device is arranged at two ends of the furnace body and used for realizing rotation of the furnace body, the blowing device is arranged below the furnace body and used for blowing oxygen-enriched atmosphere into the furnace body, the furnace body comprises a furnace shell and a refractory lining, the furnace shell adopts a composite structure of a cylindrical bottom and a square furnace mouth, a feeding port of the furnace body is a square furnace mouth at the top, and a slag hole of the furnace body is arranged at the end part of the furnace body.
Further, the first smelting furnace is selected from a side-blown furnace or a bottom-blown furnace.
Further, the smelting slag is selected from one or more of copper smelting slag, nickel smelting slag and lead smelting slag.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) According to the invention, through precisely controlling the high-temperature reduction smelting temperature, volatile metals such as lead, zinc, arsenic and silver contained in smelting slag enter the flue gas of the first smelting furnace, and the metals with the melting temperature in copper, nickel and the like contained in the smelting slag are melted and enriched to the bottom layer to form a metal phase, and iron metals in the smelting slag are enriched to the smelting slag. By utilizing the volatilization characteristic and the melting characteristic of each metal, the effective separation among metals is realized, the recovery rate of various valuable metals is improved, the efficient utilization of the valuable metals is realized, and the burden of tailing treatment is reduced.
(2) According to the invention, through precisely controlling the temperature and the oxidizing atmosphere of high-temperature oxidation smelting, metal Fe in the iron-rich smelting slag and iron-containing compounds such as FeO, fe 2SiO4 and the like are oxidized to generate ferroferric oxide in an oxidizing mode, so that magnetism is increased, the subsequent magnetic separation is facilitated, meanwhile, the lead and zinc contents in the iron concentrate are reduced, the quality of the iron concentrate is improved, the tailings after magnetic separation can be used as raw materials of silicon powder products, and the silicon-containing purity of the raw materials is high.
(3) According to the invention, energy conservation and consumption reduction are realized through the heat energy cascade utilization design, and in the second smelting furnace reaction system, a self-heating system is constructed by utilizing the strong heat release characteristic of Fe 3O4 generated by FeO oxidation, so that the external heat supply requirement is reduced, and the energy utilization efficiency is improved.
(4) The high-temperature oxygen reduction and oxidation combined treatment process reduces environmental pollution, has high adaptability to slag, and is suitable for treating iron-containing slag such as copper smelting slag, nickel smelting slag, lead smelting slag and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a schematic flow diagram of a composite treatment process for high temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic side view showing a second smelting furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the internal structure of a second smelting furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention;
the drawings comprise the following reference numerals 1, a furnace body, 2, a blowing device, 3, a transmission device, 11, a furnace shell, 12, a refractory lining, 13, a feed inlet, 14 and a slag outlet.
Detailed Description
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present application and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other. In addition, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intermediate value between the upper and lower limits of the ranges is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or stated range, and any other stated value or intermediate value within the stated range, is also encompassed within the application. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range. The present application will be described in detail with reference to examples.
In order to achieve the above object, an embodiment of the present invention provides a composite treatment process for high-temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag, comprising the steps of:
Adding smelting slag and fuel into a first smelting furnace for high-temperature reduction smelting, and controlling the temperature in the first smelting furnace to be 1400-1500 ℃ to obtain a metal phase, iron-rich smelting slag and first smelting furnace flue gas;
Feeding the smelting slag rich in iron into a second smelting furnace for high-temperature oxidation smelting, and controlling the temperature in the second smelting furnace to be 1400-1600 ℃ to obtain foam slag and second smelting furnace flue gas;
Granulating the foam slag, and cooling after finishing the treatment to obtain smelting slag containing Fe 3O4;
Grinding and magnetically separating the Fe 3O4 -containing smelting slag to obtain iron concentrate and tailings.
According to the invention, when the high-temperature reduction smelting temperature is controlled at 1400-1500 ℃, the metal volatilization characteristic shows selective differentiation, and the oxidation of iron in smelting slag can be inhibited at the temperature to realize the melting of metal elements in copper, nickel and the like at the melting temperature, so that the enrichment of copper, nickel elements (the recovery rate of the metal elements exceeds 95%) is realized, the metals such as lead, zinc, arsenic, silver and the like are volatilized and enriched into the flue gas of the first smelting furnace, wherein the lead and zinc residual quantity is obviously reduced to below 0.05% at the temperature, and the iron metal is enriched into the smelting slag. The high-temperature strengthening process realizes the efficient removal of impurity metals and the directional enrichment of target metals by optimizing thermodynamic conditions.
The high-temperature oxidation smelting temperature is controlled to be 1400-1600 ℃, so that the oxidation rate of ferrous oxide in substances such as fayalite (2 FeO. SiO 2) can be improved, and the ferrous oxide is more easily oxidized to form ferroferric oxide (Fe 3O4). If the temperature is lower than 1400 ℃, the ferrous oxide is not completely oxidized, feO is easy to remain, and if the temperature is higher than 1600 ℃, fe 3O4 can be further oxidized into Fe 2O3, so that the purity of the product is reduced. In addition, the proper viscosity and fluidity of the slag can be maintained in the temperature range, which is favorable for generating foam slag and ensures that the oxidation reaction is fully carried out.
In some alternative embodiments of the invention, the smelting slag may be selected from the iron-containing slag types of copper smelting slag, nickel smelting slag, lead smelting slag, and the like. Wherein the content of residual metal in the copper smelting slag comprises copper (0.5% -3%), lead zinc (0.1% -1.5%), and iron (35% -45%). The content of residual metal in the nickel smelting slag comprises 0.2% -1.0% of nickel, 0.3% -1.0% of copper, 0.1% -0.5% of lead and zinc and 40% -45% of iron. The content of residual metal in the lead smelting slag comprises 0.5% -5% of lead, 3.0% -15.0% of zinc, 0.2% -2.5% of copper and 20% -35% of iron.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the second smelting furnace contains an oxygen-enriched atmosphere, and the oxygen volume concentration of the oxygen-enriched atmosphere is 21-95%. Oxygen has combustion-supporting property and is used as both combustion-supporting agent and oxidant in the second smelting furnace. The concentration of oxygen is controlled within the range, so that metal Fe, feO, fe 2SiO4 and other iron-containing compounds in the iron-rich smelting slag can be fully oxidized into ferroferric oxide, the conversion rate of Fe 3O4 is improved, and the subsequent magnetic separation is facilitated. Further preferably, the oxygen volume concentration of the oxygen-enriched atmosphere is 60-80%.
In order to further optimize the reduction efficiency of the high-temperature reduction smelting of the first smelting furnace and enhance the metal recovery rate, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, the mass ratio of the smelting slag to the fuel is 1:0.01-0.1.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the fuel is selected from one or more of coal fines, lump coal or natural gas.
In order to further increase the conversion rate of Fe 3O4 in the iron-rich smelting slag, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the oxygen consumption in the high-temperature oxidation smelting process is 15-25 Nm 3 per ton of iron-rich smelting slag.
In some preferred embodiments of the invention, the granulation treatment is selected from wet granulation and dry granulation, wherein the wet granulation is water quenched (impact of the foamy slag with a high pressure water jet, mechanical disruption of the foamy slag by transient thermal stresses generated by water quenching, and rapid cooling solidification). The dry granulation is wind break-up (impact of the foam slag with high velocity air flow, breaking the foam slag into fine droplets by pneumatic impact of the air flow, and then recovering the physical heat of the foam slag). Further, in order to improve granulating efficiency and facilitate subsequent magnetic separation and grinding, and improve resource recovery rate, the water pressure of the water quenching is 0.2-1.0 MPa, and the wind speed is 10-30 Nm 3/s. The dry granulation is wind break-up, the wind pressure of the wind break-up is 0.2-1.0 MPa, and the wind speed is higher than 150Nm 3/s. The grain size of the foam slag after the granulating treatment is 0.5-10.0 mm.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the composite treatment process further comprises the steps of:
Introducing the first smelting furnace flue gas and the second smelting furnace flue gas into a waste heat boiler to recover waste heat, and obtaining first smoke dust and first flue gas;
Carrying out dust collection treatment on the first flue gas to obtain second smoke dust and second flue gas;
And after the first smoke dust and the second smoke dust are subjected to wet treatment, recovering valuable metals of lead, zinc, arsenic and silver.
The invention realizes the recovery of valuable metals of lead, zinc, arsenic and silver by carrying out flue gas treatment processes including waste heat recovery, dust collection, wet treatment (waste acid recovery) and the like on the flue gas of the first smelting furnace and the flue gas of the second smelting furnace. The recovery rate of valuable metals of lead, zinc, arsenic and silver obtained by the treatment process reaches more than 90 percent.
In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the second smelting furnace may be a bottom-blowing furnace, a side-blowing furnace, a top-blowing furnace, a bottom-blowing furnace, or the like. The invention relates to a treatment process for a second smelting furnace, which is particularly designed for better adapting to the treatment process of the invention, and comprises a furnace body, a blowing device and a transmission device, wherein the transmission device is arranged at two ends of the furnace body and used for realizing the rotation of the furnace body, balancing the temperature distribution in the furnace and reducing local overheating or erosion, the blowing device is arranged below the furnace body and used for blowing oxygen-enriched atmosphere into the furnace body and controlling the concentration of the oxidizing atmosphere in the furnace, the furnace body comprises a furnace shell and a refractory lining, the furnace shell adopts a composite structure of a cylindrical bottom and a square furnace mouth, a feed port of the furnace body is a square furnace mouth at the top, and a slag hole of the furnace body is arranged at the end part of the furnace body.
Further preferably, the diameter of the second smelting furnace is 5-6 m, and the length of the second smelting furnace is 10-12 m. The refractory lining can be built by high-quality magnesia chrome bricks, resists high-temperature melt erosion and chemical corrosion, and prolongs the service life of the furnace body. The blowing device comprises a blowing oxygen gun, wherein the blowing oxygen gun is in a multi-layer sleeve pipe structure, oxygen is introduced into an inner pipe for smelting reaction, and air is introduced into an outer pipe for cooling and protecting the oxygen gun. The oxygen lance is self-consuming, and needs to be replaced when the front section of the oxygen lance is corroded and burnt to a certain length.
The design of the second smelting furnace ensures the stability of the hearth, realizes uniform heating, avoids high viscosity of smelting slag, ensures the fluidity of slag, simultaneously facilitates material feeding, fully considers the diversity of the oxygen concentration, and enables the furnace to select the most suitable oxygen concentration for combustion according to different production requirements and economic considerations.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, in order to ensure that oxygen fully participates in the reaction and optimize the high-temperature oxidation smelting effect, an oxygen injection gun is accurately inserted into a foam slag layer in the furnace, and the tail end of the oxygen injection gun is controlled to be 2-3 m away from the liquid level.
In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the first smelting furnace may be selected from a side-blown furnace or a bottom-blown furnace, for example.
The application is described in further detail below in connection with specific examples which are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the application as claimed.
Example 1
A composite treatment process for high-temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
(1) Copper-containing smelting slag (the main element chemical composition of which is Cu:1.8%, pb:0.57%, zn:2.5%, fe:42.98%, S: 0.75%) and fuel (lump coal) with the mass ratio of 1:0.05 are added into a first smelting furnace (side blowing furnace), combustion improver oxygen is provided in the furnace, the temperature in the furnace is controlled to be 1450 ℃, the high-temperature reduction smelting is carried out for 1.5-2 hours, 99% of copper is melted and separated in the process, 95% of volatile metals such as lead, zinc, arsenic and silver enter smoke, and iron enters the smelting slag to obtain copper-rich metal phase, iron-rich smelting slag and first smelting furnace smoke.
(2) And (3) feeding the iron-rich smelting slag into a second smelting furnace (bottom blowing furnace), blowing oxygen-enriched air (the volume concentration of oxygen is 95 percent, and the oxygen consumption in the high-temperature oxidation smelting process is 22.4Nm 3 per ton based on the weight of the iron-rich smelting slag) into the furnace, carrying out high-temperature oxidation smelting, controlling the temperature in the furnace at 1450 ℃, and oxidizing substances such as metal Fe, feO, ferrous oxide in fayalite and the like in the smelting slag to generate ferroferric oxide (Fe 3O4) to form foam slag and second smelting furnace flue gas.
(3) And overflowing the foam slag from a foam slag port, performing wet granulation treatment after overflowing, scattering the foam slag (the water pressure is 0.5MPa, the wind speed is 20Nm 3/s, and the particle size of the scattered foam slag is 0.5-10.0 mm) through water quenching, and then conveying the foam slag to a slag slow cooling field for cooling to obtain the Fe 3O4 -containing smelting slag.
(4) After grinding the Fe 3O4 -containing smelting slag, magnetically separating Fe 3O4 from the smelting slag by using magnetic separation equipment (the magnetic separation strength is 0.8T) to obtain iron concentrate. The grade of the iron concentrate after magnetic separation is about 83%, and the iron recovery rate is about 86%.
(5) And introducing the first smelting furnace flue gas and the second smelting furnace flue gas into a waste heat boiler to recover waste heat, and obtaining first smoke dust and first flue gas.
(6) The first flue gas is subjected to dust collection treatment (dust collection by an electric dust collector and dust collection by a cloth bag) to obtain second smoke dust and second flue gas, the first smoke dust and the second smoke dust are subjected to acid pollution treatment, zn and As are recovered (the recovery rate reaches 99 percent), lead plaster is further recovered (the recovery rate reaches 99 percent), and the second flue gas is subjected to tail gas treatment (desulfurization).
Example 2
A composite treatment process for high-temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
(1) Adding nickel-containing smelting slag (the main element chemical composition of which is Ni 0.3%, pb 0.5%, zn 2.3%, fe 30%, S0.8%) and fuel (lump coal) into a first smelting furnace (side blowing furnace), providing combustion improver oxygen into the furnace, controlling the temperature in the furnace to be 1430 ℃, and carrying out high-temperature reduction smelting for 1.5-2 h, wherein 97% of nickel is melted and separated in the process, 95% of volatile metals such as lead, zinc, arsenic and silver enter smoke, and iron enters the smelting slag to obtain nickel-rich metal phase, iron-rich smelting slag and first smelting furnace smoke.
(2) And (3) feeding the iron-rich smelting slag into a second smelting furnace (bottom blowing furnace), blowing oxygen-enriched air (the volume concentration of oxygen is 80 percent, and the oxygen consumption in the high-temperature oxidation smelting process is 24Nm 3 per ton based on the weight of the iron-rich smelting slag) into the furnace, carrying out high-temperature oxidation smelting, controlling the temperature in the furnace at 1450 ℃, and oxidizing substances such as ferrous oxide in metal Fe, feO and fayalite in the smelting slag to generate ferroferric oxide (Fe 3O4) to form foam slag and second smelting furnace flue gas.
(3) And overflowing foam slag from a foam slag port, breaking up the foam slag by wind (the wind pressure is 0.5MPa, the wind speed is 160Nm 3/s, and the particle size of the broken foam slag is 0.5-10.0 mm), and then conveying the foam slag to a slag slow cooling field for cooling to obtain Fe 3O4 -containing smelting slag.
(4) After grinding the Fe 3O4 -containing smelting slag, magnetically separating Fe 3O4 from the smelting slag by using magnetic separation equipment (the magnetic separation strength is 0.8T) to obtain iron concentrate. The grade of the iron concentrate after magnetic separation is more than 80 percent, and the iron recovery rate is about 86 percent.
(5) And introducing the first smelting furnace flue gas and the second smelting furnace flue gas into a waste heat boiler to recover waste heat, and obtaining first smoke dust and first flue gas.
(6) The first smoke is subjected to dust collection treatment (dust collection by an electric dust collector and dust collection by a cloth bag) to obtain second smoke and second smoke, the first smoke and the second smoke are subjected to acid pollution treatment, zn and As are recovered, lead plaster (containing lead) is obtained through further recovery, and the second smoke is subjected to tail gas treatment (desulfurization).
Example 3
A composite treatment process for high-temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag, as shown in figure 1, comprises the following steps:
(1) Zinc-containing smelting slag (the main element chemical compositions of the zinc-containing smelting slag are Zn 2.5%, pb 1.2%, cu 1.0% and Fe 28%) and fuel (lump coal) in a mass ratio of 1:0.08 are added into a first smelting furnace (side blowing furnace), combustion improver oxygen is provided into the furnace, the temperature in the furnace is controlled to be 1400 ℃, high-temperature reduction smelting is carried out for 1.5-2 hours, 98% of copper is melted and separated in the process, 95% of volatile metals such as lead, zinc, arsenic and silver enter smoke, and iron enters the smelting slag to obtain copper-rich metal phase, iron-rich smelting slag and first smelting furnace smoke.
(2) And (3) feeding the iron-rich smelting slag into a second smelting furnace (bottom blowing furnace), blowing oxygen-enriched air (the volume concentration of oxygen is 75 percent, and the oxygen consumption in the high-temperature oxidation smelting process is 23Nm 3 per ton based on the weight of the iron-rich smelting slag) into the furnace, and carrying out high-temperature oxidation smelting, wherein the temperature in the furnace is controlled at 1400 ℃, so as to form foam slag and second smelting furnace flue gas.
(3) And overflowing foam slag from a foam slag port, breaking up the foam slag by wind (the wind pressure is 0.5MPa, the wind speed is 160Nm 3/s, and the particle size of the broken foam slag is 0.5-10.0 mm), and then conveying the foam slag to a slag slow cooling field for cooling to obtain Fe 3O4 -containing smelting slag.
(4) After grinding the Fe 3O4 -containing smelting slag, magnetically separating Fe 3O4 from the smelting slag by using magnetic separation equipment (the magnetic separation strength is 0.8T) to obtain iron concentrate. The grade of the iron concentrate after magnetic separation is more than 83%, and the iron recovery rate is about 85%.
(5) And introducing the first smelting furnace flue gas and the second smelting furnace flue gas into a waste heat boiler to recover waste heat, and obtaining first smoke dust and first flue gas.
(6) The first smoke is subjected to dust collection treatment (dust collection by an electric dust collector and dust collection by a cloth bag) to obtain second smoke and second smoke, the first smoke and the second smoke are subjected to acid pollution treatment, zn and As are recovered, lead plaster (containing lead) is obtained through further recovery, and the second smoke is subjected to tail gas treatment (desulfurization).
Example 4
The composite treatment process for high-temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag is different from embodiment 1 in that a bottom blowing furnace in the prior art used in the second smelting furnace in embodiment 1 is replaced by a second smelting furnace specially designed in the invention, the specific structure of the composite treatment process is shown in fig. 2 and 3, the composite treatment process comprises a furnace body 1, a blowing device 2 and a transmission device 3, the transmission device 3 is arranged at two ends of the furnace body 1 and is used for realizing rotation of the furnace body 1, balancing temperature distribution in the furnace and reducing local overheating or corrosion, the blowing device 2 is arranged below the furnace body 1 and is used for blowing oxygen-enriched atmosphere into the furnace body and controlling the concentration of oxidizing atmosphere in the furnace, the furnace body 1 comprises a furnace shell 11 and a refractory lining 12, the furnace shell 11 adopts a composite structure of a cylindrical bottom and a square furnace opening, a feeding opening 13 of the furnace body 1 is a square furnace opening at the top, and a slag outlet 14 of the furnace body is arranged at the end of the furnace body.
The grade of the iron concentrate finally obtained by the treatment is about 86%, and the iron recovery rate is about 90%.
Comparative example 1
A composite treatment process for high-temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag, which is different from example 1 in that the high-temperature reduction smelting temperature is 1300 ℃ and the high-temperature oxidation smelting temperature is 1300 ℃. The grade of the iron concentrate finally obtained by the treatment is about 45%, and the iron recovery rate is about 55%.
Comparative example 2
The composite treatment process for high-temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag is different from that of the embodiment 1 in that the temperature of high-temperature reduction smelting is 1600 ℃ and the temperature of high-temperature oxidation smelting is 1700 ℃. The grade of the iron concentrate finally obtained by the treatment is about 55%, and the iron recovery rate is about 65%.
The foregoing examples have been provided merely to illustrate embodiments of the invention, which are described in some detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The described embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive. The scope of the invention should be indicated by the appended claims, and any changes that are equivalent to the intent and scope of the claims are intended to be encompassed within the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

1. The composite treatment process for high-temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
Adding smelting slag and fuel into a first smelting furnace for high-temperature reduction smelting, and controlling the temperature in the first smelting furnace to be 1400-1500 ℃ to obtain a metal phase, iron-rich smelting slag and first smelting furnace flue gas;
Feeding the smelting slag rich in iron into a second smelting furnace for high-temperature oxidation smelting, and controlling the temperature in the second smelting furnace to be 1400-1600 ℃ to obtain foam slag and second smelting furnace flue gas;
Granulating the foam slag, and cooling after finishing the treatment to obtain smelting slag containing Fe 3O4;
Grinding and magnetically separating the Fe 3O4 -containing smelting slag to obtain iron concentrate and tailings.
2. The combined treatment process for high-temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag according to claim 1, wherein the second smelting furnace contains an oxygen-enriched atmosphere, and the oxygen volume concentration of the oxygen-enriched atmosphere is 21-95%.
3. The composite treatment process for high-temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the smelting slag to the fuel is 1:0.01-0.1.
4. The combined process for high temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag according to claim 1, wherein the fuel is selected from one or more of coal fines, lump coal or natural gas.
5. The combined treatment process for high-temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag according to claim 1, wherein the oxygen consumption in the high-temperature oxidation smelting process is 15-25 nm 3 per ton of the iron-rich smelting slag.
6. The combined process for high temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag according to claim 1, wherein the granulating process is selected from wet granulating or dry granulating;
The wet granulation is water quenching and scattering, the water pressure of the water quenching and scattering is 0.2-1.0 MPa, and the wind speed is 10-30 Nm 3/s;
The dry granulation is wind break-up, the wind pressure of the wind break-up is 0.2-1.0 MPa, and the wind speed is higher than 150Nm 3/s.
7. The composite treatment process for high temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag according to claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
introducing the first smelting furnace flue gas and the second smelting furnace flue gas into a waste heat boiler to recover waste heat, and obtaining first smoke dust and first flue gas;
Carrying out dust collection treatment on the first flue gas to obtain second smoke dust and second flue gas;
And after the first smoke dust and the second smoke dust are subjected to wet treatment, recovering valuable metals of lead, zinc, arsenic and silver.
8. The composite treatment process for smelting slag high-temperature reduction and oxidation according to claim 1, wherein the second smelting furnace adopts the following structural design, and comprises a furnace body, a blowing device and a transmission device, wherein the transmission device is arranged at two ends of the furnace body and is used for realizing rotation of the furnace body, the blowing device is arranged below the furnace body and is used for blowing oxygen-enriched atmosphere into the furnace body, the furnace body comprises a furnace shell and a refractory lining, the furnace shell adopts a composite structure of a cylindrical bottom and a square furnace mouth, a feed port of the furnace body is a square furnace mouth at the top, and a slag outlet of the furnace body is arranged at the end part of the furnace body.
9. The combined process for high temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag according to claim 1, wherein the first smelting furnace is selected from a side-blown furnace or a bottom-blown furnace.
10. The combined treatment process for high-temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag according to claim 1, wherein the smelting slag is selected from one or more of copper smelting slag, nickel smelting slag and lead smelting slag.
CN202510700045.8A 2025-05-28 2025-05-28 A composite treatment process for high-temperature reduction and oxidation of smelting slag Pending CN120536739A (en)

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