CN100462165C - Manufacturing method and mold of powder metallurgy internal spiral ratchet - Google Patents
Manufacturing method and mold of powder metallurgy internal spiral ratchet Download PDFInfo
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- CN100462165C CN100462165C CNB2006100411451A CN200610041145A CN100462165C CN 100462165 C CN100462165 C CN 100462165C CN B2006100411451 A CNB2006100411451 A CN B2006100411451A CN 200610041145 A CN200610041145 A CN 200610041145A CN 100462165 C CN100462165 C CN 100462165C
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for producing powder smelt screw ratchet, which comprises: mixing the materials, compressing molding, sintering, compressing and shaping, to obtain the ratchet. The invention also discloses a relative mould, which is formed by a compressing upper punch, compressing middle mould, compressing lower punch; the upper part of lower punch has the inner screw tooth matched with the outer screw tooth; the upper punch is sliding matched with the middle mould; the middle mould is sliding matched with the lower mould; the compressing core rod has compressing core rod, friction plate, and rotation element; the upper part of compressing core rod has outer screw tooth; the lower end of core rod and the upper end of rotating element have friction plate between them, while their contact surface has lubricant. The invention, via the rotation of core rod, realizes the one-time molding and demoulding of inner screw ratchet, to improve the yield and reduce the cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of manufacturing process and mould of inside spin ratchet wheel, relate in particular to a kind of manufacture method and mould of powder metallurgy inside spin ratchet wheel.
Background technology
The mechanical performance of metallic sintered products and precision at first depend on density size and uniformity thereof, and technology of the raw material that adopts with it, compacting, sintering, processing, mould, equipment etc. are closely related.General helical gear forming technique adopts the plane ball bearing to be placed on upper and lower mould and dashes and be connected between cushion block on the machine in order to the rotation compacting, and develops on this basis and inside spin tooth pressure system technology.But dash must be along with compacting be rotated upper and lower mould, so the non-circular special-shaped internal helical gear of the external diameter that can't be shaped in the pressing process.In addition, in the pressing process, the rotary speed of tumbler is wayward, thereby causes the damage of mould and batching easily, and yield rate is low.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of one-shot forming outward for ratchet, endoporus are the manufacture method and the mould of the powder metallurgy inside spin ratchet wheel of helical tooth, this method and mould have improved the effective press power to blank, and the yield rate height has reduced cost.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of manufacture method of powder metallurgy inside spin ratchet wheel may further comprise the steps:
The first step, batch mixes: following powder is even, by percentage to the quality, wherein, copper accounts for 1.5-2%, nickel accounts for 1.7-2%, and molybdenum accounts for 0.5%, and carbon accounts for 0.5%, and manganese sulfide accounts for 0.3%, little wax powder accounts for 0.3%, and all the other are the powder of the prealloy powder of iron, mix
Second step, press forming: above-mentioned powder is placed a kind of compacting tool set press forming that has the small-sized plug rotary system of friction plate structure, be pressed into the pressed compact with inside spin ratchet wheel profile, pressure is 1095-1105KN, and pressed density is more than or equal to 6.85g/cm
3,
Wherein, the structure of compacting tool set that has the small-sized plug rotary system of friction plate structure is: by compacting upper punch 1, mould 2 in the compacting, compacting dashes 3 down, compacting plug member 4 is formed, be provided with the spacing hole 11 that matches with the limited block 40 of suppressing plug member 4 upper ends in the bottom of compacting upper punch 1, the shape of the inside cavity 21 of mould 2 is identical with the inside spin ratchet wheel gabarit in the compacting, the inside spin tooth 31 that the external spiral tooth 41 that is provided with and suppresses plug member 4 in 3 the top matches is dashed down in compacting, wherein the axial length of external spiral tooth 41 is longer than inside spin tooth 31, mould 2 is slidingly matched in compacting upper punch 1 and the compacting, mould 2 is slidingly matched towards 3 down with compacting in the compacting, compacting plug member 4 comprises: compacting plug 42, friction plate 43 and tumbler 44, the top of wherein suppressing plug 42 is provided with limited block 40, compacting plug 42 tops are provided with external spiral tooth 41, between the upper surface of lower surface of suppressing plug 42 and tumbler 44, be provided with friction plate 43, and between contact-making surface, be added with lubricant
The 3rd step, sintering: with the pressed compact of above-mentioned press forming at the inert gas reducing atmosphere (as nitrogen, argon gas) in the sintering furnace, the presintering heat temperature raising is to 420-600 ℃ gradually, positive thermal sintering 1075-1175 ℃, be cooled to 1100 ℃ of insulations, cooling is cooled to room temperature gradually, obtain the inside spin ratchet wheel alloy sintered compact
The 4th step, shaping: the pressed compact behind the above-mentioned sintering with suppressing shaping in the inside spin ratchet wheel pressing mold, is obtained powder metallurgy inside spin ratchet wheel.
The mfg. moulding die of used powder metallurgy inside spin ratchet wheel in a kind of said method, by compacting upper punch 1, mould 2 in the compacting, compacting dashes 3 down, compacting plug member 4 is formed, be provided with the spacing hole 11 that matches with the limited block 40 of suppressing plug member 4 upper ends in the bottom of compacting upper punch 1, the shape of the inside cavity 21 of mould 2 is identical with the inside spin ratchet wheel gabarit in the compacting, the inside spin tooth 31 that the external spiral tooth 41 that is provided with and suppresses plug member 4 in 3 the top matches is dashed down in compacting, wherein the axial length of external spiral tooth 41 is longer than inside spin tooth 31, mould 2 is slidingly matched in compacting upper punch 1 and the compacting, mould 2 is slidingly matched towards 3 down with compacting in the compacting, compacting plug member 4 comprises: compacting plug 42, friction plate 43 and tumbler 44, the top of wherein suppressing plug 42 is provided with limited block 40, compacting plug 42 tops are provided with external spiral tooth 41, between the upper surface of lower surface of suppressing plug 42 and tumbler 44, be provided with friction plate 43, and between contact-making surface, be added with lubricant.
Among the present invention, also available at least 3 friction plates 43 stack.
Among the present invention, can on two end faces of the friction plate 43 parallel, be equipped with spiral grooves, in groove, be added with lubricant with compacting plug 42 end faces.
Among the present invention, can on friction plate 43, be provided with centre bore.
The present invention obtains following technique effect:
1. the present invention is the ratchet of helical tooth for making endoporus with powder metallurgic method, and its cost is lower.The present invention has adopted spiral friction compacting to adopt the small-sized plug rotary system of friction plate structure in powder metallurgic method, rotation by plug, inside spin ratchet wheel one-shot forming, the demoulding have been realized, and be difficult for big impact is taken place for batching and mould, thereby prolonged the service life of mould, improve the yield rate of product, reduced production cost greatly.
Prior art often rotary speed can not get control, make that easily the mould rotary speed is too fast, and mould rotation is too fast, thereby easily causes in the compacting upper punch that cooperatively interacts and the compacting generation off-centre mold damage between the mould.Friction plate makes that the rotating speed of plug is controlled: when the tumbler velocity of rotation was excessive, friction plate structure can make the velocity of rotation of compacting plug be unlikely to too fast, thereby avoided mould or batching are produced unnecessary impact and mold damage.Compare with the rotation system of original ball bearing structure, the transmission that makes rotation pressure load is pressed by original point and has been become the face pressure, thus indirect raising effective press power, green density is improved.
3. the friction plate that has helical groove can reduce frictional contact surface, reduces friction greatly, and being filled with lubricant in helical groove can replenish as the effective of lubricant between contact-making surface, thereby strengthens lubricant effect.
4. at least 3 friction plates stack, and have increased slidably rubbing surface, can make that frictional force further reduces, and the speed that makes further is easy to control.
5. friction plate is provided with centre bore, can make that frictional contact surface further reduces, and is easy to can make that peripheral force increases greatly, thereby increase the press power to powder the circumferentially control of rotation of mould.
6. the helical gear one-shot forming demoulding is guaranteed in plug rotation in the pressing process, has avoided upper punch and former to damage because of rotating the unstable mould that causes that cooperates simultaneously.Thereby yield rate height of the present invention has reduced cost greatly, and can guarantee high accuracy, high density, high-intensity characteristics.
The high accuracy inside spin ratchet wheel of above-mentioned technology manufacturing can satisfy the requirement of high-power percussion drill to ratchet according to the present invention.It has high strength and high-precision characteristics, can satisfy and surpass the part performance requirement of machinery.
Following table has been listed the contrast situation of the performance indications of the performance indications of this product and home and abroad product:
| Project | The project product | Home products | External similar level |
| Density (g/cm 3) | 6.92—6.95 | 6.80 | 6.90 |
| Hardness (HRB) | 86—89 | 75 | 85 |
| Ballistic work (J) | 19—20 | 14 | 16 |
| Tensile strength (MPa) | 280—311 | 210 | 290 |
| Percentage elongation (%) | 3.2—2.8 | 2 | 2.5 |
| Profile accuracy | 6 grades | 9 grades | 6 grades |
| Price | 1 | 1.7 | 1.4 |
Annotate: price serves as the basis contrast with the selling price of project product
Inventive principle:
The present invention is to be that ratchet, endoporus are the metallic sintered products of helical tooth outside one, the small-sized plug rotary system of friction plate structure is adopted in spiral friction compacting of the present invention, control is up and down towards the circumferential free degree, and the helical gear one-shot forming demoulding is guaranteed in the plug rotation in the pressing process.
Powder metallurgy is to adopt operations such as shaping and sintering with metal dust, or the mixture of metal and non-metal powder, makes the technology of metallic article.Because the production technology of powder metallurgy is similar in form with the production technology of pottery, this process solarmic process that is otherwise known as.
The basic working procedure of powder metallurgical technique is:
(1) material powder producing and preparing.Powder can be simple metal or its alloy, nonmetal, metal and nonmetallic compound and other all cpds etc.;
(2) briquet of required form will be made after metal dust and the even mixing of various additive;
(3) temperature of briquet below material major components fusing point carried out sintering, make goods have final physics, chemistry and mechanical property.
During with a large amount of manufacturing machine part of powder metallurgic method, the production efficiency height, energy consumption is low, material is economized, cheap.
(1) powder preparation
Produce powder: depend primarily on the performance of this material and the cost of preparation method.The formation of powder is to transfer energy to material, thereby makes the process of fresh surface.For example, 1m
3Metal can be made into about 2 * 10
18Individual diameter is the spheric granules of 1 μ m, and its surface area is approximately 6 * 10
6m
2Form so big surface, need very big energy.
Preparation method: Mechanical Method and physical-chemical process two big classes.It is that raw material are mechanically pulverized that Mechanical Method is produced powder, and the technical process that chemical composition does not change substantially; The physical chemistry rule is the effect by chemistry or physics, changes raw-material chemical composition or coherent condition, and obtains the technical process of powder.
But, in the powder metallurgy production practices, do not have obvious limit between Mechanical Method and the physical-chemical process, but replenish mutually.For example, can use Mechanical Method to remove to grind reducing process gained powder, with eliminate stress, decarburization and reduce oxide.
In sum, the method for producing powder is diversified, and all metal materials of using in engineering nearly all can be processed into powder morphology.When selecting to produce the method for powder, should consider performance requirement that powder is proposed and the economic principle of following.When needs adopted cheap powder to make raw material, economic problems were prerequisites.But when needing powder to have strict performance requirement, then can select expensive milling method for use.
(2) powder preparation
Powder metallurgy will carry out preliminary treatment and preparation to powder before being shaped.Preliminary treatment comprises: annealing, screening, granulation etc.
1. the pre-annealing of annealing powder can make residual oxide further reduce, reduce the content of carbon and other impurity, and the purity of raising powder is eliminated the work hardening of powder etc.All will be with reducing process, mechanical milling method, electrolysis, atomization and the prepared powder of carbonyl dissociating method through annealing in process.In addition, for preventing the spontaneous combustion of some submicron metal, its surface passivation also to need be made annealing in process.Powder after annealed, briquettability improves, and the elastic after effect of pressed compact is corresponding to be reduced.
2. screening is carried out classification to the irregular starting powder of granular size, makes powder be divided into the narrower some grades of magnitude range according to granularity.Usually sieve or the vibratory sieve made from the standard screen cloth carries out the screening of powder.
3. granulate and short grained powder is made the operation of bulky grain or granule, be commonly used to improve the flowability of powder.In CEMENTED CARBIDE PRODUCTION,, powder can just must be granulated by smooth filling die cavity earlier for the ease of automatic forming.The equipment that can bear the granulation task has cylinder granulator, disk pelletizing machine and vibratory sieve etc.
4. mix the mixed uniformly process of the powder of two or more heterogeneity.Sometimes need composition is identical and the powder that granularity is different mixes, be called and close batch.Mixing quality not only influences forming process and pressed compact quality, and can have a strong impact on the carrying out of sintering process and the quality of end article.
(3) powder forming
Major function is:
(1) be desired shape with powder forming;
(2) give base substrate with accurate geometry and size, the change in size in the time of at this moment sintering should being considered;
(3) give the porosity and the porosity type of base substrate requirement;
(4) give base substrate with suitable intensity, so that carrying.
Whether exert pressure during according to shaping, can be divided into press forming and shaping without pressure two big classes from the outside.
Press forming mainly contains: sealing punching block cold-press moulding, fluid isostatic pressing shaping, powder Plastic Forming, three axial press formings, high energy rate forming, extrusion molding, roll forming, vibration press forming etc.;
Shaping without pressure mainly contains: slip-casting, loose sintering etc.
(4) post processing
Further processing behind the metal dust pressed compact sintering is called post processing.The kind of post processing is a lot, and generally the requirement by product decides.Several post-processing approach commonly used are as follows.
1. dipping utilizes the porous capillarity of sintered part to immerse various liquid.As for lubricated purpose, can soak into lubricating oil, polytetrafluoroethylsolution solution, lead solution etc.; In order to improve intensity and antiseptic power, can soak copper solution; For surface protection, but resin pickup or varnish etc.What be impregnated with can carry out under normal pressure, and what have then need carry out under vacuum.
2. surperficial cold extrusion is for the dimensional accuracy that improves part and reduce surface roughness, can adopt shaping; In order to improve the density of part, can adopt multiple pressure; In order to change the shape of part, can adopt pressure-sizing.Part after multiple the pressure often needs resintering or annealing.
3. machining translot, cross-drilled hole, and the high face of axial dimension precision etc.
4. heat treatment can improve the intensity and the hardness of iron-based goods.Because the existence of hole, greater than 10% goods, must not adopt the heating of liquid carburizing or salt bath furnace for porosity, in case saline solution immerses in the hole, cause internal corrosion.In addition, during low-density part gas carburizing, be penetrated into the center easily.Less than 10% goods, the available and general the same heat treatment method of steel is as integral quenching, carburizing and quenching, carbo-nitriding quenching etc. for porosity.In order to prevent to stop up the adverse effect that hole may cause, can adopt the vulcanizing treatment dead-end pore.Quench and preferably to adopt oil as medium, the high density goods, if the needs of cooling velocity, also available water is as hardening media.
5. surface protection is handled being used for instrument, military project and having the sintered metal product of requirement for anticorrosion very important.Sintered metal product is owing to exist hole, and this brings difficulty to surfacecti proteon.At present, adoptable surface protection is handled has barffing to handle, and immersion oil soaks sulphur and annealing, soaks varnish, and zincizing is electroplated (copper, nickel, chromium, zinc etc.), phosphatization, anodization etc. after soaking high softening-point paraffin or zinc stearate.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a compacting tool set schematic diagram of the present invention
Fig. 2 is a friction plate floor map of the present invention
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
A kind of manufacture method of powder metallurgy inside spin ratchet wheel, this method may further comprise the steps:
The first step, batch mixes: following powder is even, by percentage to the quality, wherein, copper accounts for 1.5-2%, nickel accounts for 1.7-2%, and molybdenum accounts for 0.5%, and carbon accounts for 0.5%, and manganese sulfide accounts for 0.3%, little wax powder accounts for 0.3%, and all the other are the powder of the prealloy powder of iron, mix
In second step, press forming: above-mentioned powder is placed a kind of compacting tool set press forming that has the small-sized plug rotary system of friction plate structure, be pressed into the pressed compact with inside spin ratchet wheel profile, pressure is 1100 ± 5KN, and pressed density is 〉=6.85g/cm
3, such as pressed density can be 7.2g/cm
3, 7.3g/cm
3,
Wherein, by compacting upper punch 1, mould 2 in the compacting, compacting dashes 3 down, compacting plug member 4 is formed, material powder is placed in the compacting in the mould 2, and be in compacting dash down 3 and compacting upper punch 1 between, be provided with the spacing hole 11 that matches with the limited block 40 of plug 4 upper ends in the bottom of compacting upper punch 1, the shape of limited block 40 is generally cylindrical, match with it, the shape of spacing hole 11 also is cylindrical, the shape of the inside cavity 21 of mould 2 is identical with the inside spin ratchet wheel gabarit in the compacting, the inside spin tooth 31 that the external spiral tooth 41 that is provided with and suppresses plug member 4 in 3 the top matches is dashed down in compacting, wherein the axial length of external spiral tooth 41 is longer than inside spin tooth 31, exceed the inside spin tooth that length partly is used for the moulding inside spin ratchet wheel, when work, external spiral tooth 41 has just begun to match with inside spin tooth 31, thereby the length that exceeds will enter the inside pressed powder moulding of material powder, mould 2 is slidingly matched in compacting upper punch 1 and the compacting, mould 2 is slidingly matched towards 3 down with compacting in the compacting, compacting plug member 4 comprises: compacting plug 42, friction plate 43 and tumbler 44, the top of wherein suppressing plug 42 is provided with limited block 40, compacting plug 42 tops are provided with external spiral tooth 41, between the upper surface of lower surface of suppressing plug 42 and tumbler 44, be provided with friction plate 43, and between contact-making surface, be added with lubricant, lubricant can be used machine oil commonly used, perhaps kollag.
In the 3rd step, sintering: in inert gas reducing atmosphere sintering furnace, the presintering heat temperature raising is to 420-600 ℃ gradually with the pressed compact of above-mentioned press forming, positive thermal sintering 1075-1175 ℃, be cooled to 1100 ℃ of insulations, cooling is cooled to room temperature gradually, obtain the inside spin ratchet wheel alloy sintered compact
The 4th step, shaping: the pressed compact behind the above-mentioned sintering with suppressing shaping in the inside spin ratchet wheel pressing mold, is obtained powder metallurgy inside spin ratchet wheel.
Embodiment 2
A kind of mfg. moulding die of powder metallurgy inside spin ratchet wheel, by compacting upper punch 1, mould 2 in the compacting, compacting dashes 3 down, compacting plug member 4 is formed, material powder is placed in the compacting in the mould 2, and be in compacting dash down 3 and compacting upper punch 1 between, be provided with the spacing hole 11 that matches with the limited block 40 of plug 4 upper ends in the bottom of compacting upper punch 1, the shape of limited block 40 is generally cylindrical, match with it, the shape of spacing hole 11 also is cylindrical, the shape of the inside cavity 21 of mould 2 is identical with the inside spin ratchet wheel gabarit in the compacting, the inside spin tooth 31 that the external spiral tooth 41 that is provided with and suppresses plug member 4 in 3 the top matches is dashed down in compacting, wherein the axial length of external spiral tooth 41 is longer than inside spin tooth 31, exceed the inside spin tooth that length partly is used for the moulding inside spin ratchet wheel, when work, external spiral tooth 41 has just begun to match with inside spin tooth 31, thereby the length that exceeds will enter the inside pressed powder moulding of material powder, mould 2 is slidingly matched in compacting upper punch 1 and the compacting, mould 2 is slidingly matched towards 3 down with compacting in the compacting, compacting plug member 4 comprises: compacting plug 42, friction plate 43 and tumbler 44, the top of wherein suppressing plug 42 is provided with limited block 40, compacting plug 42 tops are provided with external spiral tooth 41, between the upper surface of lower surface of suppressing plug 42 and tumbler 44, be provided with friction plate 43, and between contact-making surface, be added with lubricant.
In the present embodiment, friction plate 43 stacks mutually, has 3 at least, for example 3,4,5,6,7, according to the quantity that friction plate is regulated in the space of reality, focuses on increasing the quantity of frictional contact surface.
In the present embodiment, be equipped with spiral grooves on two end faces of the friction plate 43 parallel with compacting plug 42 end faces, be added with lubricant in groove, lubricant can be used machine oil commonly used, perhaps kollag.
In the present embodiment, friction plate 43 is provided with centre bore, and the diameter of centre bore is usually less than the minimum diameter of inside spin groove.
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| CNB2006100411451A CN100462165C (en) | 2006-08-08 | 2006-08-08 | Manufacturing method and mold of powder metallurgy internal spiral ratchet |
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| CNB2006100411451A CN100462165C (en) | 2006-08-08 | 2006-08-08 | Manufacturing method and mold of powder metallurgy internal spiral ratchet |
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| CN100462165C true CN100462165C (en) | 2009-02-18 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN1907603A (en) | 2007-02-07 |
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