CN109453867A - A kind of herringbone tooth shear breaker and the broken method of waste lithium cell electrification - Google Patents
A kind of herringbone tooth shear breaker and the broken method of waste lithium cell electrification Download PDFInfo
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- CN109453867A CN109453867A CN201811289201.2A CN201811289201A CN109453867A CN 109453867 A CN109453867 A CN 109453867A CN 201811289201 A CN201811289201 A CN 201811289201A CN 109453867 A CN109453867 A CN 109453867A
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- herringbone tooth
- cavity
- feeding
- crushing
- hopper
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/0084—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments specially adapted for disintegrating garbage, waste or sewage
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
- B02C18/2225—Feed means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/04—Safety devices
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/16—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
- B02C23/16—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator defining termination of crushing or disintegrating zone, e.g. screen denying egress of oversize material
- B02C2023/165—Screen denying egress of oversize material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
- B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种人字形齿剪切破碎机及废旧锂电池带电破碎的方法。人字形齿剪切破碎机包括进料斗和破碎腔；进料斗包括进料上斗和进料下斗，进料上斗为星形旋转式或过渡仓式给料设备，进料下斗为反倾斜溜槽结构；破碎腔包括腔体和壳体；腔体的顶部与进料下斗连接；破碎腔中心位置设有人字形齿旋转刀头，人字形齿旋转刀头下部设有蓖板；腔体下部侧壁设有出料口及气体入口。该破碎机能在不放电情况下直接将废旧锂电池单体破碎到易于后续物理分选的粒径，且物料不粘结、不包裹，不仅解决了传统盐水放电时间较长和湿法破碎的废水处理问题，而且能够实现破碎物料的充分分散，便于实际操作和工业化应用。The invention discloses a herringbone tooth shearing crusher and a method for electrifying crushing of waste lithium batteries. The herringbone tooth shearing crusher includes a feeding hopper and a crushing cavity; the feeding hopper includes a feeding upper hopper and a feeding lower hopper. The feeding upper hopper is a star-shaped rotary or transition bin type feeding equipment, and the feeding lower hopper It is an anti-inclined chute structure; the crushing cavity includes a cavity and a shell; the top of the cavity is connected with the feeding lower hopper; the center of the crushing cavity is provided with a herringbone tooth rotary cutter head, and the lower part of the herringbone tooth rotary cutter head is provided with a grate; The lower side wall of the cavity is provided with a material outlet and a gas inlet. The crusher can directly crush waste lithium battery cells to a particle size that is easy for subsequent physical sorting without discharging, and the materials are not bonded or wrapped, which not only solves the problem of traditional brine discharge time and wet crushing wastewater. It can solve the problem, and can realize the full dispersion of crushed materials, which is convenient for practical operation and industrial application.
Description
Technical field
It is the present invention relates to a kind of herringbone tooth shear breaker, in particular to a kind of real using herringbone tooth shear breaker
Existing waste and old lithium ion battery charges breaking method, belongs to non-ferrous metal secondary resource utilization technology field.
Background technique
With the rapid development of the national economy, annual whole nation scrap lithium ion battery quantity is more and more, by taking China as an example,
The installation amount of lithium battery is risen to 15.7Gwh in 2015 by 3.7Gwh in 2014, and speedup is up to 324.3%, how to handle
These waste and old lithium ion batteries are China's big problems to be solved from now on, this is not only related to environmental protection, but also is related to
The recycling of natural resources will be recycled waste and old lithium ion battery, first have to carry out waste and old lithium ion battery
Break process.
Although the material that lithium ion battery uses compared with lead-acid battery is more environmentally-friendly, appoints in lithium ion battery and so exist
Many harmful substances, such as methyl carbonate, ethyl carbonate, LiPF6, heavy metal copper in electrolyte etc. can be to environment and human body
It causes serious harm, and waste and old lithium ion battery is this containing valuable metal resource, such as: copper, lithium, aluminium, nickel, cobalt etc.,
Therefore recycling old and useless battery is both the important ring during a major issue or metal circulation with environment protection significance recycle.
Being crushed in power lithium-ion battery removal process is one ring of most important one, in the link in lithium ion battery
Various useful constituents become the useful constituent of dispersion again from complete battery core, therefore it is broken when it is crucial that not occurring
Under conditions of safety accident, broken material keeps the integrality of each material as far as possible, but broken, does not mix mutually.
Chinese patent (publication number CN103943911A) discloses a kind of method that waste lithium cell is broken, makes in this method
It is that shredder tears up battery core, material will appear package phenomenon during tearing up, the subsequent efficiency of separation is seriously affected, and
It during tearing up, is likely to be such that positive/negative plate contacts with each other since battery is extruded, is easy to happen the safety such as explosion, on fire
Accident.Chinese patent (CN102637921A) discloses a kind of breaking method of waste and old power lithium-ion battery, and this method uses
Be that shear crusher is crushed pretreated battery core in water, although this method solves the safety problems such as explosion but should
The water treatment problems of method are quite serious, and inquiring most crushing process at present can see that main use is put in advance at present
Electricity, wet sprinkling be broken, the methods of freezing crushing, these method production technologies are backward, energy consumption is high, regeneration poor qualities, ring
Border is seriously polluted, economic benefit is low.
Summary of the invention
Height is polluted present in broken worn-out cell process for existing crushing technology, broken rear material is mingled with seriously,
In shattering process exist explosion, kindling etc. security risks and cost it is excessively high the problems such as, the invention proposes one kind can be realized it is useless
Old dynamic lithium battery is safe and environment-friendly, efficiency crushing herringbone tooth shear breaker.
Another object of the present invention, which is to provide, a kind of utilizes herringbone tooth shear breaker broken worn-out battery
Method, this method safe operation, process is simple, and the electrification that various waste power lithium batteries may be implemented is broken, and fragment point
It is good to dissipate property, granularity is suitable for being conducive to industrialized production and application.
In order to achieve the above technical purposes, the present invention provides a kind of herringbone tooth shear breakers comprising feed hopper
And crusher chamber；The feed hopper includes struggling against in charging and the lower bucket of charging, and bucket is that star is rotary or transitional storehouse formula in the charging
Feeding device, bucket is anti-obliquity chute structure under the charging；The crusher chamber includes cavity and shell；The top of the cavity
It is connected with struggling against under the charging；The crusher chamber center is equipped with herringbone tooth rotary cutter, the herringbone tooth spiral rotor
Head lower part is equipped with grate plate；The cavity lower sides are equipped with discharge port and gas access.
Preferred scheme, the shell are arranged in cavity oblique upper, are connected between shell and cavity by external locking type structure.
External locking type structure is used between shell and cavity, realizes the modularization of crusher structure, it can not only be close by crusher cavity
Envelope is also convenient for the intracorporal maintenance of production process lumen and maintenance etc..
The cross section of preferred scheme, feed hopper and crusher chamber is rectangular.
Preferred scheme, the herringbone tooth rotary cutter are fixed on one group of opposite side of crusher chamber cavity by axis body
On wall.
Preferred scheme, bucket side wall is equipped with gas vent in the charging.Gas vent is to volatilizing in crusher chamber body
Electrolyte and exhaust gas are discharged in time, and are absorbed, purified treatment.Gas vent can connect external gas collection dress
It sets, the electrolyte collection volatilized in shattering process is handled by way of positive pressure or negative pressure, ensure that pernicious gas will not
Leakage pollution environment, also achieves the recycling of electrolyte, has certain economic benefit.
Herringbone tooth shear breaker of the invention is broken using reaction type whirlwind by herringbone tooth rotary cutter, realizes
Broken material it is fully dispersed, the unlimited resistance increased between positive and negative pole material reduces wink in positive and negative pole material shattering process
Between sharply heat release caused by short circuit.Using the broken rear available fully dispersed material of herringbone tooth rotary cutter, no package
Phenomenon, and the material particular diameter of available suitable follow-up separation processing.
Preferred scheme, the discharge port preferably use the rotary discharge port of star, the close of crusher chamber cavity may be implemented
Envelope, broken material can be discharged in time, and the accumulation of material is avoided to generate heat.
Preferred scheme, the cross section of the grate plate are semicircle.If grate plate is other shapes structure, there is shearing
Dead angle, it is difficult to which material is sufficiently broken.
The present invention also provides a kind of applications of herringbone tooth shear breaker, are applied to waste power lithium battery band
Electricity is broken.
The process of herringbone tooth shear breaker broken worn-out dynamic lithium battery: preferred scheme is sheared from herringbone tooth
The gas access of crusher, which is passed through dry-run protection gas, to be made to keep dry and oxygen barrier environment in crusher chamber cavity, by waste and old power lithium
Battery is rotary by star or transitional storehouse formula feeding device feed, waste power lithium battery are entered by anti-obliquity chute structure
Crusher chamber is sieved after the herringbone tooth rotary cutter shearing-crushing in crusher chamber by grate plate, and granule materials are from discharge port
Discharging.
Preferred scheme, the herringbone tooth shear breaker carry out ground connection electric discharge.Preferably using multistage discharge type.
Preferred scheme, dry-run protection content of water in gas are maintained at 20ppm or less.
Preferred scheme, protective gas can be nitrogen or inert gas, such as argon gas.
Herringbone tooth shear breaker of the invention has by keeping sealing, drying and oxygen barrier environment inside crusher chamber
It is crushed conducive to realizing that waste power lithium battery is charged.It does not need to carry out waste power lithium battery salt water electric discharge or charging cabinet electric discharge
Pretreatment, whole process are dry-type pulverizing, shorten process flow, reduce contaminated wastewater.
Herringbone tooth shear breaker of the invention by star rotary feeder or transitional storehouse formula batcher directly to
Material realizes the intermittent of material, ensure that the airtightness of crusher cavity.
Herringbone tooth shear breaker of the invention can be passed through a small amount of drying in shattering process from bottom gas inlet
Inert gas so that crusher chamber body in be inert gas atmosphere, and holding chamber internal water content in certain numerical value hereinafter, preventing
The electrolyte evaporated in shattering process is reacted with water generates HF gas, while oxygen being avoided to enter, and prevents in shattering process
Explosion or on fire occurs.
Herringbone tooth shear breaker of the invention is not necessarily to shower water in shattering process, prevents discharging explosion.
Herringbone tooth shear breaker of the invention avoids material in high-speed revolving blade using the chute at anti-obliquity angle
Impact under sputter broken cavity, while playing the purpose of even feeding.
The present invention prevents gas leakage from generating danger using the electrolyte volatilized in broken machine cavity body and purified treatment is collected
Evil.
Herringbone tooth shear breaker of the invention is using dry, oxygen barrier environment, and utilizes herringbone tooth rotary cutter
THE ADIABATIC SHEAR IN and peptizaiton be directly crushed to the battery cell with a small amount of electricity, and broken lithium ion battery is positive and negative
It extremely separates rapidly, therefore does not have a large amount of fever phenomenons in shattering process and generate, reduce the safety in electrification shattering process
Problem.
Compared with the prior art, technical solution of the present invention bring advantageous effects:
Herringbone tooth shear breaker of the invention is before break process waste power lithium battery without to waste and old power lithium
Battery discharge pretreatment, security performance is high, simplifies processing step.The present invention is thrown using in herringbone tooth shear breaker cavity
The process dispersed out is infinitely increased the resistance between positive and negative pole material by air, avoids short circuit dischange, while it is lazy to be filled with drying
The gas-insulated oxygen of property, prevents battery explosion, while realizing overall process dry-type pulverizing, it is toxic to avoid wet crushing hydrogen fluoride etc.
The generation of gas, avoids environmental pollution.
Waste power lithium battery is broken into fully dispersed particle size by herringbone tooth shearing-crushing function of the invention
Granule materials appropriate, no package phenomenon, are conducive to subsequent recycling.
The present invention using herringbone tooth shear breaker broken worn-out dynamic lithium battery method it is easy to operate, low energy consumption,
Material substance keeps original physical property after broken, and regenerated quality is good, with good economic efficiency.
In conclusion herringbone tooth shear breaker of the invention realizes the complete of crusher cavity using external locking type structure
Leakproofness, and it is convenient for the maintenance of equipment, using herringbone serrated knife head, so that broken material is fully dispersed, no package is existing
As effectively reducing sharply heat release caused by instantaneous short circuit in positive and negative pole material shattering process；Whole inert gas shielding quantifies
Intermittent feeding effectively controls the low-flash imflammable gas aggregate concentration of volatilization；The inert gas being filled with will can be waved in time
Electricity solution liquid solvent is taken away.Waste lithium cell monomer is crushed to the partial size for being easy to subsequent physical sorting, object by the broken function
Material is not bonded, is not wrapped up, and not only solves longer and wet-curshed waste water handling problem of traditional salt water discharge time, Er Qieneng
It enough realizes the fully dispersed of broken material, is convenient for practical operation and industrial applications.
Detailed description of the invention
[Fig. 1] is herringbone tooth shear breaker external structure schematic diagram；
[Fig. 2] is herringbone tooth shear breaker internal structure schematic diagram；
[Fig. 3] is obtained shell and pole piece after herringbone tooth shear breaker broken worn-out dynamic lithium battery；
1 is the rotary feeding device of star, and 2 is struggle against in charging, and 3 be the lower bucket of charging, and 4 be external locking type structure, and 5 be shell, 6
It is discharge port for main shaft, 7,8 be gas vent, and 9 be gas access, and 10 be cavity, and 11 be herringbone tooth spiral rotor head, and 12 be castor
Plate.
Specific embodiment
Following embodiment is intended to further illustrate the content of present invention in conjunction with attached drawing, rather than limits the claims in the present invention
Protection scope.
Herringbone tooth shear breaker structural schematic diagram such as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 of the invention.Herringbone tooth shear breaker main body
Including feed hopper and crusher chamber.The feed hopper includes the lower bucket that struggles against and feed in charging, and bucket is that star is rotary in the charging
Feeding device, bucket side wall is equipped with gas vent in the charging.Bucket is anti-obliquity chute structure under the charging, is struggled against in charging
It is square with the lower cross section struggled against of charging.The crusher chamber includes cavity and shell, and shell is arranged in cavity oblique upper, shell
It is connected between body and cavity by external locking type structure.It struggles against and connects under the top of the cavity and the charging.In the crusher chamber
Heart position is equipped with chevron shaped cutter head, and chevron shaped cutter head is fixed on one group of opposite side wall of crusher chamber by both ends axis body.Institute
Rotary cutter lower part is stated equipped with grate plate, grate plate section is semicircle, is consistent with the radian of chevron shaped cutter head rotation.The chamber
Body lower sides are equipped with discharge port and gas access, and discharge port is star-like discharge port.
It is not discharged the method for direct broken worn-out dynamic lithium battery using herringbone tooth shear breaker, in accordance with the following steps
Implement: 1) to being filled with inert gas (nitrogen) starvation in crusher chamber, 2) it multistage is carried out to crushing plant discharges over the ground, 3) it will
Material is broken to be put into crusher chamber by the rotary feeding device of star, and after broken, product granularity is 1~100 square li
Rice carries out different material sorting using screening and pneumatic separator, and the battery case and pole piece of collection are as shown in figure 3, broken material
Good dispersion, suitable size.To crusher chamber carry out it is closed and to the electrolyte of volatilization, exhaust gas carry out bag-type dust, solvent extraction,
It is recycled after inert gas purge processing.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811289201.2A CN109453867A (en) | 2018-10-31 | 2018-10-31 | A kind of herringbone tooth shear breaker and the broken method of waste lithium cell electrification |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811289201.2A CN109453867A (en) | 2018-10-31 | 2018-10-31 | A kind of herringbone tooth shear breaker and the broken method of waste lithium cell electrification |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN109453867A true CN109453867A (en) | 2019-03-12 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201811289201.2A Pending CN109453867A (en) | 2018-10-31 | 2018-10-31 | A kind of herringbone tooth shear breaker and the broken method of waste lithium cell electrification |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
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| CN (1) | CN109453867A (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109985705A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-07-09 | 广州市联冠机械有限公司 | A high-efficiency crushing equipment |
| CN111530580A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-08-14 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | Pre-crusher, pre-crushing system, pre-crushing method and comprehensive recovery system |
| CN112259821A (en) * | 2020-10-22 | 2021-01-22 | 中钢集团南京新材料研究院有限公司 | Method for recovering valuable metals from waste lithium ion batteries |
| CN116510875A (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-08-01 | 江苏道金智能制造科技股份有限公司 | Dry ice-based waste lithium battery charged crushing system and working method thereof |
| CN117244653A (en) * | 2023-11-20 | 2023-12-19 | 河南心连心化学工业集团股份有限公司 | Biomass coal crushing device |
| CN117983378A (en) * | 2024-03-12 | 2024-05-07 | 中南大学 | A kind of waste lithium ion battery live crushing equipment and crushing method |
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| CN108565520A (en) * | 2018-04-25 | 2018-09-21 | 荆门优尔迪资源循环利用有限公司 | A kind of recovery method of waste and old dynamic lithium battery |
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| EP0546496A2 (en) * | 1991-12-13 | 1993-06-16 | Michael Lopic | Portable cutting apparatus |
| JP2001096182A (en) * | 1999-10-01 | 2001-04-10 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Long-life receiving tooth for crushing sintered mineral by internal chill brazing method |
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109985705A (en) * | 2019-04-04 | 2019-07-09 | 广州市联冠机械有限公司 | A high-efficiency crushing equipment |
| CN111530580A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-08-14 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | Pre-crusher, pre-crushing system, pre-crushing method and comprehensive recovery system |
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| CN116510875A (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-08-01 | 江苏道金智能制造科技股份有限公司 | Dry ice-based waste lithium battery charged crushing system and working method thereof |
| CN116510875B (en) * | 2023-07-05 | 2023-09-05 | 江苏道金智能制造科技股份有限公司 | Dry ice-based waste lithium battery charged crushing system and working method thereof |
| CN117244653A (en) * | 2023-11-20 | 2023-12-19 | 河南心连心化学工业集团股份有限公司 | Biomass coal crushing device |
| CN117983378A (en) * | 2024-03-12 | 2024-05-07 | 中南大学 | A kind of waste lithium ion battery live crushing equipment and crushing method |
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Application publication date: 20190312 |