CN108601753A - 抑制胆碱向三甲胺(tma)的转化的方法 - Google Patents
抑制胆碱向三甲胺(tma)的转化的方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN108601753A CN108601753A CN201680070716.6A CN201680070716A CN108601753A CN 108601753 A CN108601753 A CN 108601753A CN 201680070716 A CN201680070716 A CN 201680070716A CN 108601753 A CN108601753 A CN 108601753A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tma
- isothiocyanate
- formula
- choline
- compound
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine Chemical compound CN(C)C GETQZCLCWQTVFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 228
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229960001231 choline Drugs 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N choline Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCO OEYIOHPDSNJKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 94
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 43
- -1 Krill Oil Chemical compound 0.000 claims description 39
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 125000000592 heterocycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 23
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 22
- 125000004404 heteroalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 21
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 150000002540 isothiocyanates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 125000005842 heteroatom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicylic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Thiocyanate anion Chemical group [S-]C#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 claims description 5
- XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M cyanate group Chemical group [O-]C#N XLJMAIOERFSOGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 5
- ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen thiocyanate Chemical group SC#N ZMZDMBWJUHKJPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012948 isocyanate Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002527 isonitriles Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012453 solvate Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- TUFJIDJGIQOYFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-isothiocyanatobutane Chemical compound CCC(C)N=C=S TUFJIDJGIQOYFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 241000588770 Proteus mirabilis Species 0.000 claims description 4
- MDKCFLQDBWCQCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound S=C=NCC1=CC=CC=C1 MDKCFLQDBWCQCV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N curcumin Chemical compound C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(\C=C\C(=O)CC(=O)\C=C\C=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 VFLDPWHFBUODDF-FCXRPNKRSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- HBNYJWAFDZLWRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound CCN=C=S HBNYJWAFDZLWRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940068065 phytosterols Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- SXSWMAUXEHKFGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbutan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)C(C)CO SXSWMAUXEHKFGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000134552 Plantago ovata Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000003421 Plantago ovata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000009223 Psyllium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000006708 antioxidants Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940108928 copper Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940094952 green tea extract Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020688 green tea extract Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N papa-hydroxy-benzoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940070687 psyllium Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 229960004889 salicylic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- WFRBDWRZVBPBDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-hexyl alcohol Natural products CCCC(C)(C)O WFRBDWRZVBPBDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001439 (2R)-2-isothiocyanatobutane Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- BCEFDMYFAAAFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-isothiocyanatopropyl)morpholine Chemical compound S=C=NCCCN1CCOCC1 BCEFDMYFAAAFPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000186566 Clostridium ljungdahlii Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000801626 Collinsella tanakaei Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000163122 Curcuma domestica Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003392 Curcuma domestica Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000588724 Escherichia coli Species 0.000 claims description 2
- QAADZYUXQLUXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenylmethylthioformamide Natural products S=CNCC1=CC=CC=C1 QAADZYUXQLUXFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- QNVSXXGDAPORNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Resveratrol Natural products OC1=CC=CC(C=CC=2C=C(O)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 QNVSXXGDAPORNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000194042 Streptococcus dysgalactiae Species 0.000 claims description 2
- LUKBXSAWLPMMSZ-OWOJBTEDSA-N Trans-resveratrol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1\C=C\C1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 LUKBXSAWLPMMSZ-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930003316 Vitamin D Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N Vitamin D3 Natural products C1(/[C@@H]2CC[C@@H]([C@]2(CCC1)C)[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)=C/C=C1\C[C@@H](O)CCC1=C QYSXJUFSXHHAJI-XFEUOLMDSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 241001118737 [Clostridium] aldenense Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940023032 activated charcoal Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- CPEKAXYCDKETEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound S=C=NC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 CPEKAXYCDKETEN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001621 bismuth Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UPTCCGCDSA-N coenzyme Q10 Chemical compound COC1=C(OC)C(=O)C(C\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CC\C=C(/C)CCC=C(C)C)=C(C)C1=O ACTIUHUUMQJHFO-UPTCCGCDSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000003373 curcuma longa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012754 curcumin Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004148 curcumin Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940109262 curcumin Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013325 dietary fiber Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- VFLDPWHFBUODDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N diferuloylmethane Natural products C1=C(O)C(OC)=CC(C=CC(=O)CC(=O)C=CC=2C=C(OC)C(O)=CC=2)=C1 VFLDPWHFBUODDF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004494 ethyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010647 garlic oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008169 grapeseed oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001475 halogen functional group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940106134 krill oil Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- QPBVKSLJBRCKIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-diethyl-3-isothiocyanatopropan-1-amine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCCN=C=S QPBVKSLJBRCKIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006014 omega-3 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013406 prebiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000006041 probiotic Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000018291 probiotics Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000021283 resveratrol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940016667 resveratrol Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940115920 streptococcus dysgalactiae Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanyl Chemical group [SH] PXQLVRUNWNTZOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KWATYFKNNFFFSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl n-(4-isothiocyanatobutyl)carbamate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)NCCCCN=C=S KWATYFKNNFFFSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013976 turmeric Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019166 vitamin D Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011710 vitamin D Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003710 vitamin D derivatives Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229940046008 vitamin d Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000588748 Klebsiella Species 0.000 claims 2
- XQACWEBGSZBLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromo-4-isothiocyanatobenzene Chemical compound BrC1=CC=C(N=C=S)C=C1 XQACWEBGSZBLRG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- WHBYCPUKGYEYFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isothiocyanato-3-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(N=C=S)=C1 WHBYCPUKGYEYFU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- VRPQCVLBOZOYCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-isothiocyanato-4-methoxybenzene Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(N=C=S)C=C1 VRPQCVLBOZOYCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- JBDOSUUXMYMWQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-naphthyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(N=C=S)=CC=CC2=C1 JBDOSUUXMYMWQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- SDNSCXCXVQHBGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-isothiocyanatoethyl)morpholine Chemical compound S=C=NCCN1CCOCC1 SDNSCXCXVQHBGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 241000193163 Clostridioides difficile Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241001478240 Coccus Species 0.000 claims 1
- 241000605716 Desulfovibrio Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 41
- UYPYRKYUKCHHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethylamine N-oxide Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)[O-] UYPYRKYUKCHHIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 27
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 208000024172 Cardiovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 20
- 230000036996 cardiovascular health Effects 0.000 description 16
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N methanoic acid Natural products OC=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 15
- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N cholesterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 HVYWMOMLDIMFJA-DPAQBDIFSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 12
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 11
- 239000006166 lysate Substances 0.000 description 11
- 210000001035 gastrointestinal tract Anatomy 0.000 description 10
- WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetonitrile Chemical compound CC#N WEVYAHXRMPXWCK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 9
- OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3-methoxyphenyl)aniline Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC(C=2C=CC(N)=CC=2)=C1 OSWFIVFLDKOXQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 208000034841 Thrombotic Microangiopathies Diseases 0.000 description 8
- 239000002552 dosage form Substances 0.000 description 8
- 235000019253 formic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 229940013688 formic acid Drugs 0.000 description 8
- 239000003826 tablet Substances 0.000 description 8
- 206010012601 diabetes mellitus Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002207 metabolite Substances 0.000 description 7
- 208000010125 myocardial infarction Diseases 0.000 description 7
- 239000001763 2-hydroxyethyl(trimethyl)azanium Substances 0.000 description 6
- CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N Ascorbic acid Chemical compound OC[C@H](O)[C@H]1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O CIWBSHSKHKDKBQ-JLAZNSOCSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 201000001320 Atherosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 6
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000001412 amines Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 229960003178 choline chloride Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 6
- 210000002381 plasma Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 206010019280 Heart failures Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 208000006011 Stroke Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 5
- 208000029078 coronary artery disease Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 125000001072 heteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 238000001727 in vivo Methods 0.000 description 5
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 5
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 5
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000024891 symptom Diseases 0.000 description 5
- 125000003396 thiol group Chemical group [H]S* 0.000 description 5
- IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC IIZPXYDJLKNOIY-JXPKJXOSSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical group N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019743 Choline chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N Deuterium Chemical compound [2H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-OUBTZVSYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 206010068233 Trimethylaminuria Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 238000003556 assay Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-Sitostanol Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(C)CCC(CC)C(C)C)C1(C)CC2 LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012472 biological sample Substances 0.000 description 4
- 210000004204 blood vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000002775 capsule Substances 0.000 description 4
- SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M choline chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].C[N+](C)(C)CCO SGMZJAMFUVOLNK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 230000034994 death Effects 0.000 description 4
- 231100000517 death Toxicity 0.000 description 4
- 229910052805 deuterium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 4
- 244000005709 gut microbiome Species 0.000 description 4
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 4
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 4
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 4
- 238000004885 tandem mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 208000004476 Acute Coronary Syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 3
- 206010002329 Aneurysm Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010002383 Angina Pectoris Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010003658 Atrial Fibrillation Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 206010007559 Cardiac failure congestive Diseases 0.000 description 3
- IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylsulphoxide Chemical compound CS(C)=O IAZDPXIOMUYVGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 206010020772 Hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 102000007330 LDL Lipoproteins Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010007622 LDL Lipoproteins Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 241000124008 Mammalia Species 0.000 description 3
- AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanesulfonic acid Chemical compound CS(O)(=O)=O AFVFQIVMOAPDHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrolidine Chemical compound C1CCNC1 RWRDLPDLKQPQOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-JFBKYFIKSA-N Sitostanol Natural products O[C@@H]1C[C@H]2[C@@](C)([C@@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]4[C@@](C)([C@@H]([C@@H](CC[C@H](C(C)C)CC)C)CC4)CC3)CC2)CC1 LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-JFBKYFIKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000013543 active substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 125000003342 alkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000004414 alkyl thio group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000000304 alkynyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229940024606 amino acid Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 3
- WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 WPYMKLBDIGXBTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000012000 cholesterol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000392 cycloalkenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 235000005911 diet Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 208000035475 disorder Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 238000000132 electrospray ionisation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000499 gel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 3
- 210000002216 heart Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidazole Natural products C1=CNC=N1 RAXXELZNTBOGNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 208000030613 peripheral artery disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 3
- LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-HRJGVYIJSA-N stigmastanol Chemical compound C([C@@H]1CC2)[C@@H](O)CC[C@]1(C)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2[C@@H]2CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CC[C@@H](CC)C(C)C)[C@@]2(C)CC1 LGJMUZUPVCAVPU-HRJGVYIJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006188 syrup Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000020357 syrup Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WMBWREPUVVBILR-WIYYLYMNSA-N (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-o-gallate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1CC2=C(O)C=C(C=C2O[C@@H]1C=1C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=1)O)C(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 WMBWREPUVVBILR-WIYYLYMNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZGGHKIMDNBDHJB-NRFPMOEYSA-M (3R,5S)-fluvastatin sodium Chemical compound [Na+].C12=CC=CC=C2N(C(C)C)C(\C=C\[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O)=C1C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 ZGGHKIMDNBDHJB-NRFPMOEYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N (±)-α-Tocopherol Chemical compound OC1=C(C)C(C)=C2OC(CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)C)(C)CCC2=C1C GVJHHUAWPYXKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-azaniumyl-2-hydroxypropanoate Chemical compound NCC(O)C(O)=O BMYNFMYTOJXKLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010088751 Albumins Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000009027 Albumins Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 208000037260 Atherosclerotic Plaque Diseases 0.000 description 2
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010074051 C-Reactive Protein Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102100032752 C-reactive protein Human genes 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 208000031229 Cardiomyopathies Diseases 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000003890 Commiphora wightii Species 0.000 description 2
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N D-gluconic acid Chemical compound OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-SQOUGZDYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000002251 Dissecting Aneurysm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000283086 Equidae Species 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WMBWREPUVVBILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N GCG Natural products C=1C(O)=C(O)C(O)=CC=1C1OC2=CC(O)=CC(O)=C2CC1OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 WMBWREPUVVBILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000008214 LDL Cholesterol Methods 0.000 description 2
- PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Monacolin X Natural products C12C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CC(C)C=C2C=CC(C)C1CCC1CC(O)CC(=O)O1 PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Niacin Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CN=C1 PVNIIMVLHYAWGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 208000018262 Peripheral vascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical class CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000010378 Pulmonary Embolism Diseases 0.000 description 2
- KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazine Chemical compound C1=CN=CC=N1 KYQCOXFCLRTKLS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrrole Chemical compound C=1C=CNC=1 KAESVJOAVNADME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010062237 Renal impairment Diseases 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000032109 Transient ischaemic attack Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 208000007474 aortic aneurysm Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010002895 aortic dissection Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000001367 artery Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 235000010323 ascorbic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229960005070 ascorbic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000011668 ascorbic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzenesulfonic acid Chemical compound OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 SRSXLGNVWSONIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940092714 benzenesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000013361 beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007211 cardiovascular event Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013592 cell lysate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000026106 cerebrovascular disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007910 chewable tablet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 208000020832 chronic kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000001072 colon Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000007891 compressed tablet Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001995 cyclobutyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000582 cycloheptyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000000640 cyclooctyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 125000001559 cyclopropyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C1([H])* 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M decanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000378 dietary effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000015872 dietary supplement Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 206010014665 endocarditis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 229940030275 epigallocatechin gallate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycine betaine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940093915 gynecological organic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000002013 hydrophilic interaction chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 208000017169 kidney disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000004185 liver Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-BXMDZJJMSA-N lovastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=C[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 PCZOHLXUXFIOCF-BXMDZJJMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007937 lozenge Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940098895 maleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000002483 medication Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002552 multiple reaction monitoring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229960003512 nicotinic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000001968 nicotinic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011664 nicotinic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000449 nitro group Chemical group [O-][N+](*)=O 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000820 nonprescription drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006186 oral dosage form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007524 organic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000005985 organic acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 239000008194 pharmaceutical composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000546 pharmaceutical excipient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000857 poor renal function Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-PZAWKZKUSA-N pravastatin Chemical compound C1=C[C@H](C)[C@H](CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)[C@H]2[C@@H](OC(=O)[C@@H](C)CC)C[C@H](O)C=C21 TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-PZAWKZKUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002924 primary amino group Chemical group [H]N([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000000250 revascularization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N simvastatin Chemical compound C([C@H]1[C@@H](C)C=CC2=C[C@H](C)C[C@@H]([C@H]12)OC(=O)C(C)(C)CC)C[C@@H]1C[C@@H](O)CC(=O)O1 RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-HGQWONQESA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007909 solid dosage form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000013268 sustained release Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012730 sustained-release form Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002560 therapeutic procedure Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003573 thiols Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N toluene-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(S(O)(=O)=O)C=C1 JOXIMZWYDAKGHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 201000010875 transient cerebral ischemia Diseases 0.000 description 2
- ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M triflate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)F ITMCEJHCFYSIIV-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000013343 vitamin Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000011782 vitamin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930003231 vitamin Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 229940088594 vitamin Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 2
- KZJWDPNRJALLNS-VPUBHVLGSA-N (-)-beta-Sitosterol Natural products O[C@@H]1CC=2[C@@](C)([C@@H]3[C@H]([C@H]4[C@@](C)([C@H]([C@H](CC[C@@H](C(C)C)CC)C)CC4)CC3)CC=2)CC1 KZJWDPNRJALLNS-VPUBHVLGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSVWWLUMXNHWSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N (22E)-(24xi)-24-ethyl-5alpha-cholest-22-en-3beta-ol Natural products C1CC2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(C)C=CC(CC)C(C)C)C1(C)CC2 CSVWWLUMXNHWSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGSSUFQMXBFFTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N (24R)-24-ethyl-5alpha-cholestane-3beta,5,6beta-triol Natural products C1C(O)C2(O)CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(C)CCC(CC)C(C)C)C1(C)CC2 VGSSUFQMXBFFTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDDMACCNBZAMSG-BDVNFPICSA-N (2r,3r,4s,5r)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-(methylamino)hexanal Chemical compound CN[C@@H](C=O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)CO LDDMACCNBZAMSG-BDVNFPICSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HSINOMROUCMIEA-FGVHQWLLSA-N (2s,4r)-4-[(3r,5s,6r,7r,8s,9s,10s,13r,14s,17r)-6-ethyl-3,7-dihydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1h-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-2-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound C([C@@]12C)C[C@@H](O)C[C@H]1[C@@H](CC)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1[C@@H]2CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)C[C@H](C)C(O)=O)CC[C@H]21 HSINOMROUCMIEA-FGVHQWLLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N (R)-carnitine Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)C[C@H](O)CC([O-])=O PHIQHXFUZVPYII-ZCFIWIBFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMTVCPOROYMLTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-isothiocyanatoethyl)piperidine Chemical compound S=C=NCCN1CCCCC1 KMTVCPOROYMLTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPWHSFAFEBZWBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl radical Chemical compound [CH2]CCC WPWHSFAFEBZWBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKTCBAGSMQIFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrofuran Chemical compound C1CC=CO1 JKTCBAGSMQIFNL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCSBTDBGTNZOAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dinitrobenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=CC([N+]([O-])=O)=C1[N+]([O-])=O HCSBTDBGTNZOAB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VTAKZNRDSPNOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2-(chloromethyl)oxirane;hydron;prop-2-en-1-amine;n-prop-2-enyldecan-1-amine;trimethyl-[6-(prop-2-enylamino)hexyl]azanium;dichloride Chemical compound Cl.[Cl-].NCC=C.ClCC1CO1.CCCCCCCCCCNCC=C.C[N+](C)(C)CCCCCCNCC=C VTAKZNRDSPNOAU-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000004493 2-methylbut-1-yl group Chemical group CC(C*)CC 0.000 description 1
- KLEXDBGYSOIREE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 24xi-n-propylcholesterol Natural products C1C=C2CC(O)CCC2(C)C2C1C1CCC(C(C)CCC(CCC)C(C)C)C1(C)CC2 KLEXDBGYSOIREE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGADZUXDNSDTHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2H-pyran Chemical compound C1OC=CC=C1 MGADZUXDNSDTHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-oxazine Chemical compound N1OC=CC=C1 BCHZICNRHXRCHY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AGIJRRREJXSQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2h-thiazine Chemical compound N1SC=CC=C1 AGIJRRREJXSQJR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004336 3,3-dimethylpentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- OBKXEAXTFZPCHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenylbutyric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCC1=CC=CC=C1 OBKXEAXTFZPCHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRUWJENAYHTDQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4H-pyran Chemical compound C1C=COC=C1 MRUWJENAYHTDQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 6-{[2-carboxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(phosphanyloxy)oxan-3-yl]oxy}-4,5-dihydroxy-3-phosphanyloxane-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound O1C(C(O)=O)C(P)C(O)C(O)C1OC1C(C(O)=O)OC(OP)C(O)C1O FHVDTGUDJYJELY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 240000002234 Allium sativum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001464864 Anaerococcus vaginalis Species 0.000 description 1
- 200000000007 Arterial disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000036490 Arterial inflammations Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010003210 Arteriosclerosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010003226 Arteriovenous fistula Diseases 0.000 description 1
- BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Aspirin Chemical compound CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O BSYNRYMUTXBXSQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N Atorvastatin Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC(O)=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XUKUURHRXDUEBC-KAYWLYCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUKUURHRXDUEBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atorvastatin Natural products C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 XUKUURHRXDUEBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010003662 Atrial flutter Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000009020 BCA Protein Assay Kit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005711 Benzoic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bicarbonate Chemical compound OC([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000011299 Brassica oleracea var botrytis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000017647 Brassica oleracea var italica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000003259 Brassica oleracea var. botrytis Species 0.000 description 1
- CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bromide Chemical compound [Br-] CPELXLSAUQHCOX-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282465 Canis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282472 Canis lupus familiaris Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005635 Caprylic acid (CAS 124-07-2) Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 208000014882 Carotid artery disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229920001268 Cholestyramine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 108030004331 Choline trimethylamine-lyases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KPSRODZRAIWAKH-JTQLQIEISA-N Ciprofibrate Natural products C1=CC(OC(C)(C)C(O)=O)=CC=C1[C@H]1C(Cl)(Cl)C1 KPSRODZRAIWAKH-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPZCCMIISIBREI-MTFRKTCUSA-N Citrostadienol Natural products CC=C(CC[C@@H](C)[C@H]1CC[C@H]2C3=CC[C@H]4[C@H](C)[C@@H](O)CC[C@]4(C)[C@H]3CC[C@]12C)C(C)C LPZCCMIISIBREI-MTFRKTCUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005979 Citrus limon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000131522 Citrus pyriformis Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920002905 Colesevelam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002911 Colestipol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010011091 Coronary artery thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010011224 Cough Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000699800 Cricetinae Species 0.000 description 1
- ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-erythro-ascorbic acid Natural products OCC1OC(=O)C(O)=C1O ZZZCUOFIHGPKAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-gluconic acid Natural products OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O RGHNJXZEOKUKBD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010051055 Deep vein thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ARVGMISWLZPBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dehydro-beta-sitosterol Natural products C1C(O)CCC2(C)C(CCC3(C(C(C)CCC(CC)C(C)C)CCC33)C)C3=CC=C21 ARVGMISWLZPBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000592724 Desulfovibrio alaskensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 206010052337 Diastolic dysfunction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dicyclohexylamine Chemical compound C1CCCCC1NC1CCCCC1 XBPCUCUWBYBCDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen disulfide Chemical compound SS BWGNESOTFCXPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000007530 Essential hypertension Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000282324 Felis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282326 Felis catus Species 0.000 description 1
- BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M Formate Chemical compound [O-]C=O BDAGIHXWWSANSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Galacturonsaeure Natural products O=CC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006000 Garlic extract Substances 0.000 description 1
- HEMJJKBWTPKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gemfibrozil Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C)C(OCCCC(C)(C)C(O)=O)=C1 HEMJJKBWTPKOJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000699694 Gerbillinae Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010018429 Glucose tolerance impaired Diseases 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glutamic acid Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Glycolate Chemical compound OCC([O-])=O AEMRFAOFKBGASW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940121710 HMGCoA reductase inhibitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004286 Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000895 Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000035150 Hypercholesterolemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000031226 Hyperlipidaemia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000588747 Klebsiella pneumoniae Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001014264 Klebsiella variicola Species 0.000 description 1
- WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N L-glutamic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O WHUUTDBJXJRKMK-VKHMYHEASA-N 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N L-histidine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Lactate Chemical compound CC(O)C([O-])=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L Malonate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC([O-])=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 102000016943 Muramidase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010014251 Muramidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000699670 Mus sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000282339 Mustela Species 0.000 description 1
- 108010062010 N-Acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine Amidase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000005481 NMR spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 208000008589 Obesity Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000283973 Oryctolagus cuniculus Species 0.000 description 1
- ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxazole Chemical compound C1=COC=N1 ZCQWOFVYLHDMMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000031481 Pathologic Constriction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000001888 Peptone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 208000005764 Peripheral Arterial Disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000030831 Peripheral arterial occlusive disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenazine Natural products C1=CC=CC2=NC3=CC=CC=C3N=C21 PCNDJXKNXGMECE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003171 Poly (ethylene oxide) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000954 Polyglycolide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pravastatin Natural products C1=CC(C)C(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C2C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CC(O)C=C21 TUZYXOIXSAXUGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000001280 Prediabetic State Diseases 0.000 description 1
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M Propionate Chemical compound CCC([O-])=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N Protium Chemical compound [1H] YZCKVEUIGOORGS-IGMARMGPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrazole Chemical compound C=1C=NNC=1 WTKZEGDFNFYCGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Pyrimidine Chemical compound C1=CN=CN=C1 CZPWVGJYEJSRLH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000700159 Rattus Species 0.000 description 1
- RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N SJ000286063 Natural products C12C(OC(=O)C(C)(C)CC)CC(C)C=C2C=CC(C)C1CCC1CC(O)CC(=O)O1 RYMZZMVNJRMUDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000304405 Sedum burrito Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 101000953909 Streptomyces viridifaciens Isobutylamine N-hydroxylase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Succinic acid Natural products OC(=O)CCC(O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010049418 Sudden Cardiac Death Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfurous acid Chemical class OS(O)=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010071436 Systolic dysfunction Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydropyran Chemical compound C1CCOCC1 DHXVGJBLRPWPCS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiamine Natural products CC1=C(CCO)SC=[N+]1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N JZRWCGZRTZMZEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiazole Chemical compound C1=CSC=N1 FZWLAAWBMGSTSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000007536 Thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000007983 Tris buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000035868 Vascular inflammations Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010052664 Vascular shunt Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010047115 Vasculitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010047249 Venous thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 206010047281 Ventricular arrhythmia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229930003268 Vitamin C Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 229930003427 Vitamin E Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- ZZXDRXVIRVJQBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Xylenesulfonate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1C ZZXDRXVIRVJQBT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001147801 [Clostridium] scindens Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005856 abnormality Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid phenyl ester Natural products CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 IPBVNPXQWQGGJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001138 acetylsalicylic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002252 acyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- IAJILQKETJEXLJ-QTBDOELSSA-N aldehydo-D-glucuronic acid Chemical compound O=C[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O)C(O)=O IAJILQKETJEXLJ-QTBDOELSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940072056 alginate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010443 alginic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920000615 alginic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004453 alkoxycarbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004457 alkyl amino carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003282 alkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004448 alkyl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001350 alkyl halides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005012 alkyl thioether group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005275 alkylenearyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005218 alkyleneheteroaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001408 amides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000002399 angioplasty Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003423 ankle Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003242 anti bacterial agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940088710 antibiotic agent Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004599 antimicrobial Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012062 aqueous buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 206010003119 arrhythmia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000006793 arrhythmia Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000011775 arteriosclerosis disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 125000005129 aryl carbonyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229960005370 atorvastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FQCKMBLVYCEXJB-MNSAWQCASA-L atorvastatin calcium Chemical compound [Ca+2].C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1.C=1C=CC=CC=1C1=C(C=2C=CC(F)=CC=2)N(CC[C@@H](O)C[C@@H](O)CC([O-])=O)C(C(C)C)=C1C(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 FQCKMBLVYCEXJB-MNSAWQCASA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000021336 beef liver Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- JUHORIMYRDESRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzathine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1CNCCNCC1=CC=CC=C1 JUHORIMYRDESRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000010233 benzoic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000003236 benzoyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- MJVXAPPOFPTTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-Sistosterol Natural products CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2C3CC=C4C(C)C(O)CCC4(C)C3CCC12C)C(C)C MJVXAPPOFPTTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJKOMDUNNDKEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N beta-sitosterol Natural products CCC(CCC(C)C1CCC2(C)C3CC=C4CC(O)CCC4C3CCC12C)C(C)C NJKOMDUNNDKEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960000516 bezafibrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IIBYAHWJQTYFKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N bezafibrate Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(C)(C)C(O)=O)=CC=C1CCNC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 IIBYAHWJQTYFKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003613 bile acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008238 biochemical pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002988 biodegradable polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004621 biodegradable polymer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008512 biological response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000090 biomarker Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M bisulphate group Chemical group S([O-])(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009534 blood test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N butanedioic acid Chemical compound O[14C](=O)CC[14C](O)=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-NUQCWPJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007894 caplet Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004657 carbamic acid derivatives Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000003917 carbamoyl group Chemical group [H]N([H])C(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004203 carnitine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940112822 chewing gum Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015218 chewing gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KVSASDOGYIBWTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloro benzoate Chemical compound ClOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KVSASDOGYIBWTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940099898 chlorophyllin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000019805 chlorophyllin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VDANGULDQQJODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroprocaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1Cl VDANGULDQQJODZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002023 chloroprocaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000001906 cholesterol absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- SUHOQUVVVLNYQR-MRVPVSSYSA-N choline alfoscerate Chemical compound C[N+](C)(C)CCOP([O-])(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO SUHOQUVVVLNYQR-MRVPVSSYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940046374 chromium picolinate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- GJYSUGXFENSLOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium;pyridine-2-carboxylic acid Chemical compound [Cr].OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1.OC(=O)C1=CC=CC=N1 GJYSUGXFENSLOO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002174 ciprofibrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KPSRODZRAIWAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ciprofibrate Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(C)(C)C(O)=O)=CC=C1C1C(Cl)(Cl)C1 KPSRODZRAIWAKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009535 clinical urine test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960001214 clofibrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KNHUKKLJHYUCFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N clofibrate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)(C)OC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 KNHUKKLJHYUCFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000035602 clotting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011260 co-administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- GMRWGQCZJGVHKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N colestipol Chemical compound ClCC1CO1.NCCNCCNCCNCCN GMRWGQCZJGVHKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960002604 colestipol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035597 cooling sensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000002528 coronary thrombosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000004351 coronary vessel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009089 cytolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000002405 diagnostic procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037213 diet Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenhydramine Chemical group C=1C=CC=CC=1C(OCCN(C)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZZVUWRFHKOJYTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000011180 diphosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 208000037765 diseases and disorders Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002224 dissection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002526 effect on cardiovascular system Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003511 endothelial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M ethanesulfonate Chemical compound CCS([O-])(=O)=O CCIVGXIOQKPBKL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- OLNTVTPDXPETLC-XPWALMASSA-N ezetimibe Chemical compound N1([C@@H]([C@H](C1=O)CC[C@H](O)C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)C=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 OLNTVTPDXPETLC-XPWALMASSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960002297 fenofibrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- YMTINGFKWWXKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N fenofibrate Chemical compound C1=CC(OC(C)(C)C(=O)OC(C)C)=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 YMTINGFKWWXKFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940125753 fibrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 description 1
- 229960003765 fluvastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940050411 fumarate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002598 fumaric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 1
- WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-tocopherol Natural products CC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC(C)CCCC1CCC2C(C)C(O)C(C)C(C)C2O1 WIGCFUFOHFEKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020706 garlic extract Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000007903 gelatin capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003627 gemfibrozil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 210000004907 gland Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000174 gluconic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950006191 gluconic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012208 gluconic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940097043 glucuronic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004220 glutamic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960002989 glutamic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013922 glutamic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004676 glycans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004956 glycerylphosphorylcholine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000003106 haloaryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000005059 halophenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000007902 hard capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007407 health benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003709 heart valve Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N heptanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCC(O)=O MNWFXJYAOYHMED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003187 heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N histidine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CN=CN1 HNDVDQJCIGZPNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010903 husk Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940071870 hydroiodic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920013821 hydroxy alkyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002471 hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003405 ileum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 210000003090 iliac artery Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000007918 intramuscular administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007912 intraperitoneal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007913 intrathecal administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001990 intravenous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000302 ischemic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutyric acid Chemical compound CC(C)C(O)=O KQNPFQTWMSNSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001261 isocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=O 0.000 description 1
- 125000002462 isocyano group Chemical group *[N+]#[C-] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001972 isopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropylamine Chemical compound CC(C)N JJWLVOIRVHMVIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001810 isothiocyanato group Chemical group *N=C=S 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002429 large intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229940095570 lescol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940002661 lipitor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002502 liposome Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012669 liquid formulation Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006193 liquid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960004844 lovastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QLJODMDSTUBWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N lovastatin hydroxy acid Natural products C1=CC(C)C(CCC(O)CC(O)CC(O)=O)C2C(OC(=O)C(C)CC)CC(C)C=C21 QLJODMDSTUBWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008176 lyophilized powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010335 lysozyme Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004325 lysozyme Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960000274 lysozyme Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-M mandelate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C(O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IWYDHOAUDWTVEP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004949 mass spectrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001404 mediated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004667 medium chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005341 metaphosphate group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940098779 methanesulfonic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- IZYBEMGNIUSSAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl benzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound COOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 IZYBEMGNIUSSAX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940099246 mevacor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011325 microbead Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003094 microcapsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004005 microsphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004899 motility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002077 nanosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=CC2=C1 PSZYNBSKGUBXEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KVBGVZZKJNLNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid Chemical class C1=CC=CC2=CC(S(=O)(=O)O)=CC=C21 KVBGVZZKJNLNJU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229940100661 nasal inhalant Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940097496 nasal spray Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007922 nasal spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012457 nonaqueous media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002868 norbornyl group Chemical group C12(CCC(CC1)C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002417 nutraceutical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021436 nutraceutical agent Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000020824 obesity Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC(C)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O OQCDKBAXFALNLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M octanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC([O-])=O WWZKQHOCKIZLMA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960002446 octanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012053 oil suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006179 pH buffering agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036961 partial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001814 pectin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010987 pectin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001277 pectin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003538 pentan-3-yl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000019319 peptone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- DYUMLJSJISTVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl propanoate Chemical compound CCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 DYUMLJSJISTVPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940049953 phenylacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WLJVXDMOQOGPHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950009215 phenylbutanoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N phosphatidylcholine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](COP([O-])(=O)OCC[N+](C)(C)C)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC WTJKGGKOPKCXLL-RRHRGVEJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L phthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O XNGIFLGASWRNHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000003386 piperidinyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007505 plaque formation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000010118 platelet activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000747 poly(lactic acid) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004633 polyglycolic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004626 polylactic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001282 polysaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005017 polysaccharide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940089484 pravachol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229960002965 pravastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 201000009104 prediabetes syndrome Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000955 prescription drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N procaine Chemical compound CCN(CC)CCOC(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 MFDFERRIHVXMIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960004919 procaine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000651 prodrug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940002612 prodrug Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1-sulfonic acid Chemical compound CCCS(O)(=O)=O KCXFHTAICRTXLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UORVCLMRJXCDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M propynoate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C#C UORVCLMRJXCDCP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000006920 protein precipitation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002685 pulmonary effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyridazine Chemical compound C1=CC=NN=C1 PBMFSQRYOILNGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000241 respiratory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 210000003296 saliva Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229930195734 saturated hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229960002855 simvastatin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KZJWDPNRJALLNS-VJSFXXLFSA-N sitosterol Chemical compound C1C=C2C[C@@H](O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@H]([C@H](C)CC[C@@H](CC)C(C)C)[C@@]1(C)CC2 KZJWDPNRJALLNS-VJSFXXLFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229950005143 sitosterol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- NLQLSVXGSXCXFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N sitosterol Natural products CC=C(/CCC(C)C1CC2C3=CCC4C(C)C(O)CCC4(C)C3CCC2(C)C1)C(C)C NLQLSVXGSXCXFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000015500 sitosterol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000813 small intestine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000391 smoking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007901 soft capsule Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000010110 spontaneous platelet aggregation Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000008117 stearic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036262 stenosis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000037804 stenosis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000011550 stock solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007920 subcutaneous administration Methods 0.000 description 1
- TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L suberate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCC([O-])=O TYFQFVWCELRYAO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L succinate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCC([O-])=O KDYFGRWQOYBRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical class [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000013595 supernatant sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000002906 tartaric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011975 tartaric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940095064 tartrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydropyridine hydrochloride Natural products C1CCNCC1 NQRYJNQNLNOLGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019157 thiamine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiamine Chemical compound CC1=C(CCO)SCN1CC1=CN=C(C)N=C1N KYMBYSLLVAOCFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003495 thiamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011721 thiamine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008719 thickening Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000007970 thio esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000000699 topical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000005208 trialkylammonium group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002604 ultrasonography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000870 ultraviolet spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000006438 vascular health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000005166 vasculature Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002861 ventricular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019154 vitamin C Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011718 vitamin C Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019165 vitamin E Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940046009 vitamin E Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011709 vitamin E Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021260 warm beverage Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920003169 water-soluble polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003442 weekly effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940111503 welchol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940071104 xylenesulfonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940072168 zocor Drugs 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/26—Cyanate or isocyanate esters; Thiocyanate or isothiocyanate esters
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/145—Amines having sulfur, e.g. thiurams (>N—C(S)—S—C(S)—N< and >N—C(S)—S—S—C(S)—N<), Sulfinylamines (—N=SO), Sulfonylamines (—N=SO2)
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/16—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids
- A61K31/165—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide
- A61K31/166—Amides, e.g. hydroxamic acids having aromatic rings, e.g. colchicine, atenolol, progabide having the carbon of a carboxamide group directly attached to the aromatic ring, e.g. procainamide, procarbazine, metoclopramide, labetalol
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/216—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acids having aromatic rings, e.g. benactizyne, clofibrate
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/215—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids
- A61K31/22—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carboxylic acids of acyclic acids, e.g. pravastatin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/21—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates
- A61K31/27—Esters, e.g. nitroglycerine, selenocyanates of carbamic or thiocarbamic acids, meprobamate, carbachol, neostigmine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/325—Carbamic acids; Thiocarbamic acids; Anhydrides or salts thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/336—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having three-membered rings, e.g. oxirane, fumagillin
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/335—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin
- A61K31/35—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/351—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen as the only ring hetero atom, e.g. fungichromin having six-membered rings with one oxygen as the only ring hetero atom not condensed with another ring
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/439—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom the ring forming part of a bridged ring system, e.g. quinuclidine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/4425—Pyridinium derivatives, e.g. pralidoxime, pyridostigmine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
- A61K31/4453—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine only substituted in position 1, e.g. propipocaine, diperodon
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
- A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
- A61K31/445—Non condensed piperidines, e.g. piperocaine
- A61K31/452—Piperidinium derivatives
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
- A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
- A61K31/535—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with at least one nitrogen and one oxygen as the ring hetero atoms, e.g. 1,2-oxazines
- A61K31/5375—1,4-Oxazines, e.g. morpholine
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K45/00—Medicinal preparations containing active ingredients not provided for in groups A61K31/00 - A61K41/00
- A61K45/06—Mixtures of active ingredients without chemical characterisation, e.g. antiphlogistics and cardiaca
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
- A61P9/00—Drugs for disorders of the cardiovascular system
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D211/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings
- C07D211/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D211/06—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D211/36—Heterocyclic compounds containing hydrogenated pyridine rings, not condensed with other rings with only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom having no double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D211/40—Oxygen atoms
- C07D211/44—Oxygen atoms attached in position 4
- C07D211/46—Oxygen atoms attached in position 4 having a hydrogen atom as the second substituent in position 4
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/24—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/28—Radicals substituted by singly-bound oxygen or sulphur atoms
- C07D213/30—Oxygen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
- C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
- C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
- C07D213/62—Oxygen or sulfur atoms
- C07D213/63—One oxygen atom
- C07D213/65—One oxygen atom attached in position 3 or 5
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D295/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms
- C07D295/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms
- C07D295/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms
- C07D295/125—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the substituent nitrogen atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings
- C07D295/13—Heterocyclic compounds containing polymethylene-imine rings with at least five ring members, 3-azabicyclo [3.2.2] nonane, piperazine, morpholine or thiomorpholine rings, having only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the ring carbon atoms with substituted hydrocarbon radicals attached to ring nitrogen atoms substituted by singly or doubly bound nitrogen atoms with the ring nitrogen atoms and the substituent nitrogen atoms attached to the same carbon chain, which is not interrupted by carbocyclic rings to an acyclic saturated chain
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D303/00—Compounds containing three-membered rings having one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atom
- C07D303/02—Compounds containing oxirane rings
- C07D303/36—Compounds containing oxirane rings with hydrocarbon radicals, substituted by nitrogen atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07D453/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinuclidine or iso-quinuclidine ring systems, e.g. quinine alkaloids
- C07D453/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing quinuclidine or iso-quinuclidine ring systems, e.g. quinine alkaloids containing not further condensed quinuclidine ring systems
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Emergency Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
- Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines That Contain Protein Lipid Enzymes And Other Medicines (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供抑制个体中胆碱向三甲胺(TMA)的转化并降低TMAO的一种或多种方法,其包括向所述个体施用包含如式(I)中所示的化合物的一种或多种组合物:
Description
技术领域
本发明一般涉及抑制三甲胺产生的材料和方法。
背景技术
三甲胺(TMA)及其衍生物三甲胺-N-氧化物(TMAO)是与诸如肾病、糖尿病、三甲基胺尿症和心血管疾病(CVD)的病症有关的代谢物。CVD是一个通用术语,其涵盖影响心脏和血管的一系列病况,包括动脉粥样硬化、冠心病、脑血管疾病、心力衰竭、心肌病、动脉粥样硬化血栓性疾病、主动脉-髂骨疾病和外周血管疾病。CVD通常与涉及狭窄、堵塞、动脉瘤或一个或多个血管解剖或血栓形成(血块形成)的病况相关。与CVD相关的并发症包括但不限于心肌梗塞、中风、心绞痛、急性冠脉综合征、短暂性脑缺血发作、充血性心力衰竭、主动脉瘤、心房颤动或扑动、室性心律失常、心脏传导异常、需要血运重建和死亡。血运重建可以包括但不限于血管成形术、支架置入术、冠状动脉旁路移植术、维修或置换血管分流器或通路如动静脉瘘。与动脉粥样硬化血栓性疾病相关的并发症包括但不限于心肌梗塞、中风、肺栓塞、深静脉血栓形成。根据世界卫生组织,CVD是全球死亡的主要原因,其中超过75%的死亡在低收入和中等收入国家发生。世界卫生组织简报第317号,2015年1月更新。世界卫生组织预测,到2030年,糖尿病将成为第七大死因。世界卫生组织简报第312号,2015年1月更新。包括CVD和糖尿病的与TMA和TMAO相关的病况的预防和管理是一个重大的公共卫生问题。
发明内容
本公开至少部分地基于以下发现:式(I)、式(II)和式(III)的化合物通过肠道微生物群抑制胆碱代谢,引起三甲胺(TMA)和三甲胺N-氧化物(TMAO)的形成降低。本公开提供用于例如在体外和体内抑制胆碱向TMA的转化以改善或维持心血管、脑血管和外周血管健康并改善或预防与TMA和TMAO相关的病况的组合物和方法。
一方面,本发明提供通过细菌抑制胆碱向三甲胺(TMA)的转化的一种或多种方法,该方法包括使所述细菌与如式(I)中所示的一种或多种化合物接触:
其中R1选自氰酸酯、异氰酸酯、硫氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、腈、异腈或巯基;n’选自0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10;且R2选自烷基、支链烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基或取代的羰基;其中,当R2为苯基时,R2被独立地选自烷基、支链烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、卤基或芳基的0、1或2个基团取代;条件是当R2为杂烷基或杂环烷基时,这一个或多个杂原子不是S;并且条件是当n'为2时,R2不是未取代的苯基。
另一方面,本发明提供通过细菌来抑制胆碱向三甲胺(TMA)的转化的一种或多种方法,该方法包括使所述细菌与如式(II)中所示的如式(I)中所示的一种或多种化合物接触,
其中n’和R2如对于式(I)所定义。
另一方面,本发明提供通过细菌来抑制胆碱向三甲胺(TMA)的转化的一种或多种方法,该方法包括使所述细菌与如式(III)中所示的如式(I)中所示的一种或多种化合物接触:
其中R3选自氢、烷基或芳基;且R4为芳基;其中,当R4为苯基时,R4被独立地选自烷基、支链烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、卤基或芳基的0、1或2个基团取代;条件是当R4被杂烷基或杂环烷基取代时,一个或多个杂原子不是S。
一方面,本发明提供抑制个体中胆碱向三甲胺(TMA)的转化的一种或多种方法。所述方法包括向所述个体施用如式(I)中所示的一种或多种化合物:
其中R1选自氰酸酯、异氰酸酯、硫氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、腈、异腈或巯基;n’选自0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10;且R2选自烷基、支链烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基或取代的羰基;其中,当R2为苯基时,R2被独立地选自烷基、支链烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、卤基或芳基的0、1或2个基团取代;条件是当R2为杂烷基或杂环烷基时,一个或多个杂原子不是S;并且条件是当n'为2时,R2不是未取代的苯基。所述化合物以有效抑制个体中由胆碱形成三甲胺(TMA)的量施用。
一方面,本发明提供改善与个体中胆碱向三甲胺(TMA)的转化相关的病况的一种或多种方法,该方法包括向所述个体施用如式(I)中所示的一种或多种化合物:
其中R1选自氰酸酯、异氰酸酯、硫氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、腈、异腈或巯基;n’选自0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10;且R2选自烷基、支链烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基或取代的羰基;其中,当R2为苯基时,R2被独立地选自烷基、支链烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、卤基或芳基的0、1或2个基团取代;条件是当R2为杂烷基或杂环烷基时,一个或多个杂原子不是S;并且条件是当n'为2时,R2不是未取代的苯基。所述化合物以有效治疗或预防个体中与胆碱有关的三甲胺(TMA)相关的疾病或病况的量施用。
本发明还提供改善或维持心血管健康的一种或多种方法。一种方法包括向个体施用包含以改善或维持心血管健康的量的如本文所述的如式(I)、式(II)或式(III)中所示的化合物的一种或多种组合物。本发明还提供改善个体中与胆碱向三甲胺(TMA)的转化相关的病况的一种或多种方法。一种方法包括向所述个体施用一种或多种组合物,该组合物包含以有效改善所述病况的量的如本文所述的如式(I)、式(II)或式(III)中所示的化合物。在一些实施方案中,所述病况是三甲基胺尿症、肾病、糖尿病或心血管疾病,例如心绞痛、心律不齐、动脉粥样硬化、心肌病、充血性心力衰竭、冠状动脉疾病(CAD)、颈动脉疾病、心内膜炎、冠状动脉血栓形成、心肌梗塞(MI)、高血压/高血压症、高胆固醇血症/高脂血症、外周动脉疾病(PAD)或中风。
本发明还提供式(I)、式(II)或式(III)的化合物在体内或体外抑制胆碱向TMA的转化,以改善或维持心血管健康以及改善与胆碱向TMA的转化相关的病况的用途。还提供式(I)、式(II)或式(III)的化合物,其用于在体内或体外抑制胆碱向TMA的转化,以改善或维持心血管健康以及改善与胆碱向TMA的转化相关的病况。
上述总结并非旨在限定本发明的每个方面,而且在其它部分描述了其它的方面,诸如具体实施方式。此外,本发明包括(作为附加方面)以任何方式在范围上比由上文示出的特定段落所定义的变体更为狭义的本发明的全部实施方案。例如,本发明的某些方面被描述为属,并且应当了解属的各个成员各自是本发明的一个方面。另外,应当将以属来描述或者选择属的成员的方面理解为涵盖所述属的两个或更多个成员的组合。对于以“一个”或“一种”来描述或进行权利要求的本发明的方面,应当了解这些术语意味着“一个(种)或多个(种)”,除非上下文明确要求更受限制的含义。术语“或者”应该理解为涵盖了另选的或共同的条目,除非上下文明确另有要求。如果本发明的方面被描述成“包含”特征,则实施方案还考虑了“由…所述特征组成”或者“基本上由…所述特征组成”。
具体实施方式
由驻留在哺乳动物肠道中的细菌合成的三甲胺(TMA)在肝脏中被氧化为三甲胺氧化物(TMAO)。TMA的示例性前体包括胆碱、甜菜碱、磷脂酰胆碱、甘油磷酸胆碱、TMAO、鞘磷脂和卵磷脂,其中的许多来自饮食来源,例如全蛋和牛肝。不希望受特定机制或生物化学途径所束缚,通过甘氨酰基酶:胆碱三甲胺裂解酶(CutC)促进胆碱向TMA的厌氧转化。Craciun等人,Proc.Natl.Acad.Sci.(2012),109:21307-21312。个体肠道中由细菌引起胆碱向TMA的转化降低引起从肠吸收的TMA降低,引起肝脏中由黄素单加氧酶3(FMO3)酶使TMA氧化成TMAO后血浆TMAO的随后降低。Wang等人,Nature(2011),472:57-63。较低的血浆TMAO水平与人类主要心血管事件的较低发生率有关。Tang等人,NEJM(2013)368:1575-1584。胆碱向TMA的转化可以由一种细菌介导或者包含涉及两种、三种或更多种细菌的多步骤过程。
除非另外指明,否则本文提及的所有测量均在约22℃至25℃(即室温)下进行。
如本文所用,术语“个体”包括人类和其它类型的共享TMAO途径的哺乳动物,诸如家畜,包括但不限于家犬(犬科动物)、猫(猫科动物)、马、牛、雪貂、兔、猪、大鼠、小鼠、沙鼠、仓鼠、马等。
各种各样的个体可能希望降低细菌在其消化道中产生的TMA水平。例如,被诊断患有心血管疾病的个体可以由医师指导以采用处方药或者改变生活方式,从而调制血液胆固醇水平以降低严重心血管事件的风险。其它未曾诊断为心血管疾病但希望改善或维持心血管健康的个体也可能希望通过降低由消化道细菌产生的TMA水平来降低血浆TMAO水平。如本文进一步描述,TMA降低(以及引申开来,TMAO)通过本文所述的组合物实现,其包括例如包含异硫氰酸酯如式(I)、式(II)或式(III)的化合物的饮食补充剂。
如本文所用,“剂量”是指根据可靠的医学经验,包含一定量适于在单个场合给药的药物活性成分的药物(如液体药物或口服剂量单元)的体积。剂型可口服。在一个示例中,所述剂型可为液体药物,并且可为约30mL,在另一个示例中为约25mL,在另一个示例中为约20mL,在另一个示例中为约15mL,并且在另一个示例中为约10mL。在另一个示例中,液体药物的剂量可为约10mL至约75mL,在另一个示例中约15mL至约50mL,在另一个示例中约25mL至约40mL,并且在另一个示例中约28mL至约35mL。在另一个示例中,所述剂型可为固体剂型,并且可为约5g至约25mg,在另一个示例中约3g至约100mg,在另一个示例中约2g至约250mg,在另一个示例中约1.6g至约500mg,并且在另一个示例中约1g至约750mg。在一个示例中,所述剂型可为固体剂型,其中一个剂量为约3g,并且在另一个示例中一个剂量为约1.6g。给定液体剂量大小下,可调节活性成分的浓度以提供适当的活性物质剂量。在一个示例中,所述剂量旨在每4小时,在另一个示例中每6小时,在另一个示例中每8小时,并且在另一个示例中每12小时服用。
如本文所用,“药物”是指如药剂的药物,包括处方药物、非处方药物、柜台后药物、以及它们的组合。在一些示例中,药物可为补充剂,其可包含维生素、矿物质和植物药材(VMS)。
药物组合物可为任何适宜形式,包括液体组合物和固体口服剂型。液体组合物的非限制性示例可包括糖浆(包括咳嗽糖浆)、呼吸系统用制剂(包括MSR感冒/流感药物)、饮料、补给水、泡沫组合物、凝胶组合物、悬浮于液体制剂中的颗粒、凝胶或泡沫中的固体、生理盐水洗剂、以及它们的组合。固体口服剂型的非限制性示例可以包括片剂、胶囊剂、囊片、小药囊、舌下剂型、颊面剂型、软凝胶(包括LiquiCapsTM和其它液体填充的胶囊剂)、可溶性剂型(包括可溶性条)、膜、口香糖(包括中心填充的口香糖)、软糖(包括中心填充的软糖)、锭剂、可食用食物(诸如食物条)、中心填充的片剂、粉剂、颗粒剂、粒料、微球体、纳米球体、小珠或彩色糖豆、以及它们的组合。片剂可包括压缩片剂、咀嚼片、可溶性片剂等。片剂可包括压缩片剂、咀嚼片、可溶性片剂等。在其它示例中,可将所述药物以膏剂形式施用于皮肤如在其它示例中,所述药物可被吸入如鼻喷剂或吸入剂。在其它示例中,所述药物可存在于饮料中如温热饮料。在其它示例中,所述药物可包含药物活性物质。在其它示例中,所述药物不包含药物活性物质和/或VMS,但是可通过凉爽感,至少部分缓解症状和/或提供健康有益效果。
所述药物可为可直接递送至口腔、喉咙和/或皮肤的形式。在一些示例中,所述药物组合物可经由递送装置递送,所述递送装置选自点滴器、泵、喷涂器、滴液器、经由鼻腔通道递送的生理盐水冲洗器、杯、瓶、罐、加压喷雾器、雾化器、吸气装置、可挤压小袋、电动注射器、泡罩卡、和其它包装和设备、以及它们的组合。喷涂器、雾化器和吸气装置可连有电池或电源。
本公开提供例如抑制胆碱向三甲胺(TMA)的转化的一种或多种方法、改善心血管健康的一种或多种方法、以及改善与胆碱向三甲胺(TMA)的转化相关的病况的一种或多种方法,其包括向个体施用包含式(I)、式(II)或式(III)的化合物的一种或多种组合物。下面描述组合物和方法的特征。章节标题是为了方便阅读,而并非旨在限制本身。全部本文件旨在作为统一的公开内容相关联,并且应当理解本文所述特征的全部组合均被考虑,即使特征的组合并非共同见于本文件的相同句子、段落或者章节之中。应该理解,本文所述的方法或化合物的任何特征可以全部或部分地删除,与本文所述的任何其它特征组合或替代本文所述的任何其它特征。
化合物
本公开的方法包括向个体施用包含式(I)中所示的化合物的一种或多种组合物:
其中R1选自氰酸酯、异氰酸酯、硫氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、腈、异腈或巯基;n’选自0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10;且R2选自烷基、支链烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基或取代的羰基;其中,当R2为苯基时,R2被独立地选自烷基、支链烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、卤基或芳基的0、1或2个基团取代;条件是当R2为杂烷基或杂环烷基时,这一个或多个杂原子不是S;并且条件是当n'为2时,R2不是未取代的苯基。所述化合物以有效实现所需有益效果,例如抑制胆碱向TMA的转化,改善或维持心血管健康和/或改善与胆碱向TMA的转化相关的病况的量施用。
在一些情况下,R2选自甲基、乙基、丙基(诸如正丙基或异丙基)、丁基(诸如正丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基)、戊基(例如,1-戊基、3-戊基、3-甲基丁基、2-甲基丁基)、己基(例如,1-己基)、庚基、辛基、壬基、癸基、环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基、环辛基、降冰片基、吗啉代基、哌啶代基、烷基氨基(例如,三烷基铵、3-(二乙基氨基)丙基、二甲基氨基、二乙基氨基、(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基、((叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)丁基)、苯基、取代的苯基、萘基、芳基羰基(例如,苯甲酰基)、烷基羰基、羧基、烷氧基羰基、氨基羰基、烷基氨基羰基、二苯甲基和α-甲基苄基。在一些情况下,R2为被1或2个选自下列的基团取代的苯基:甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、烷氧基(例如,甲氧基、乙氧基)、烷硫基(例如,甲硫基、乙硫基)、氟、溴、氯、碘、(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基或
在各种实施方案中,R1为异硫氰酸酯。在一些情况下,所述化合物选自异硫氰酸仲丁酯和异硫氰酸乙酯。在本发明的各种方面中,当R1为异硫氰酸酯时,n'为0(即,不存在CH2)。在一些情况下,所述化合物选自异硫氰酸苄酯、异硫氰酸3-二乙基氨基丙酯、异硫氰酸3-(4-吗啉代)丙酯、异硫氰酸2-(4-吗啉代)乙酯和异硫氰酸2-哌啶代乙酯。
在各种实施方案中,当R1为异硫氰酸酯时,n'为至少1(例如,n'为至少1、至少2、至少3、至少4、至少5、至少6、至少7、至少8、至少9、或至少10)。
式(I)还包括由式(I)涵盖的任何化合物的一种或多种盐或溶剂化物。
在各种实施方案中,本公开的方法另外包括向个体施用包含如式(II)中所示的式(I)的化合物的一种或多种组合物:
其中n'和R2如对于式(I)所定义。所述化合物以有效抑制个体中胆碱向TMA的转化的量施用。在一些情况下,R2是卤芳基(例如,卤苯基)并且n’为2。
在各种方面,所述化合物是N-Boc-4-异硫氰酸根合丁胺或苯甲酰基异硫氰酸酯。
式(II)还包括由式(I)涵盖的任何化合物的一种或多种盐或溶剂化物。
在各种方面,本公开的方法另外包括向个体施用包含如式(III)中所示的式(I)的化合物的一种或多种组合物:
其中R3选自氢、烷基或芳基;且R4为芳基;其中,当R4为苯基时,R4被独立地选自烷基、支链烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、卤基或芳基的0、1或2个基团取代;条件是当R4被杂烷基或杂环烷基取代时,这一个或多个杂原子不是S。所述化合物以有效抑制个体中胆碱向TMA的转化的量施用。在一些情况下,R3选自甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、戊基、苯基或取代的苯基,诸如被1或2个选自甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、烷氧基(例如,甲氧基、乙氧基)、烷硫基(例如,甲硫基、乙硫基)、氟、溴、氯、碘或(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)的基团取代的苯基。在一些情况下,R4选自苯基或取代的苯基,诸如被1或2个选自甲基、乙基、丙基、丁基、烷氧基(例如,甲氧基、乙氧基)、烷硫基(例如,甲硫基、乙硫基)、氟、溴、氯、碘或(叔丁氧基羰基)氨基)的基团取代的苯基。
式(III)还包括由式(III)涵盖的任何化合物的一种或多种盐或溶剂化物。
“烷基”是指含有1至30个碳原子(即,C1-C30),例如1至20个碳原子(即,C1-C20)或1至10个碳原子(即,C1-C10)的直链和支链饱和烃基。在各种实施方案中,R2和R3的烷基基团独立地选自C1-C7烷基,即具有涵盖整个范围(即,1至7个碳原子)以及所有子组(例如,1-3、1-6、2-7、1-5、3-6、5-7、1、2、3、4、5、6和7个碳原子)的碳原子数目的烷基基团。烷基基团的非限制性示例包括甲基、乙基、正丙基、异丙基、正丁基、仲丁基(2-甲基丙基)、叔丁基(1,1-二甲基乙基)、3,3-二甲基戊基和2-乙基己基。除非另有指明,否则烷基基团可以是未取代的烷基基团或取代的烷基基团。烷基基团可以任选地被例如羟基(OH)、硫醇(SH)、芳基、杂芳基、环烷基、杂环基和氨基中的一个或多个取代。R2和/或R3可以包含杂烷基,条件是该杂原子不是硫。
术语“杂烷基”与烷基类似地定义,不同之处在于碳链含有1至3个杂原子,诸如独立地选自氧、氮或硫的杂原子。杂烷基的非限制性示例包括醚、酯、酮、伯胺、仲胺、叔胺和季胺、酰胺、巯基、烷基硫醚或氨基甲酸酯。除非另有指明,否则杂烷基基团可以是未取代的杂烷基基团或取代的杂烷基基团。
术语“环烷基”是指含有3至8个碳原子(例如,3-5、5-8、3、4、5、6、7或8个碳原子)的脂族环状烃基。环烷基基团的非限制性示例包括环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基、环庚基和环辛基。除非另有指明,否则环烷基基团可以是未取代的环烷基基团或取代的环烷基基团。
术语“杂环烷基”与环烷基类似地定义,不同之处在于环含有1至3个独立地选自氧、氮或硫的杂原子的杂原子。杂环烷基基团的非限制性示例包括哌啶、四氢呋喃、四氢吡喃、4H-吡喃、二氢呋喃、吗啉、噻吩、1,4-二噁烷、呋喃、吡咯、吡咯烷、咪唑、吡唑、三唑、噻唑、吡嗪、吡喃、噁唑、噁嗪、噻嗪、嘧啶、哒嗪、硫胺等。环烷基和杂环烷基可以是任选被例如1至3个独立选择的烷基、亚烷基OH、C(O)NH2、NH2、氧代(=O)、芳基、卤代烷基、卤基和OH的基团取代的饱和或部分不饱和环系。杂环烷基基团任选地可以被烷基、羟烷基、亚烷基芳基和亚烷基杂芳基进一步N-取代。
术语“羟基(hydroxy)”或“羟基(hydroxyl)”是指“-OH”基团。术语“氨基”或“胺”是指-NH2或-NH-基团,其中每个式(I)、式(II)或式(III)中的每个氢都可以被烷基、环烷基、芳基、杂芳基或杂环烷基基团置换。“胺”包括任选被一个或多个另外的杂原子取代的环胺。术语“羧基(carboxy)”或“羧基(carboxyl)”是指“-COOH”基团。术语“硫醇”或“巯基”是指“-SH”基团。术语“氰基”是指-C≡N基团,也被称为-CN。术语“异氰酸基”是指-N≡C基团。术语“异氰基”是指-N=C=O基团。术语“异硫氰基”是指-N=C=S基团。术语“硝基”是指-NO2基团。
“取代的”烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烯基、芳基、杂芳基或烷氧基是指具有至少一个被非氢基(即,取代基)取代的氢基的烷基、烯基、炔基、环烷基、环烯基、芳基、杂芳基或烷氧基。非氢基(或取代基)的示例包括但不限于烷基、环烷基、烯基、环烯基、炔基、醚、芳基、杂芳基、杂环烷基、羟基、氧基(或氧代)、烷氧基、酯、硫酯、酰基、羧基、氰基、硝基、氨基、酰氨基或硫。当取代的烷基基团包含多于一个非氢基时,取代基可以与同一个碳或两个或更多个不同的碳原子键合。
如前所述,预期所公开的化合物的盐或溶剂化物,例如生理学上可接受的盐,并其任选地通过使适当的碱或酸与化学计量当量的化合物反应来制备。通常用于形成生理学上可接受的盐的酸包括无机酸,诸如二硫化氢、盐酸、氢溴酸、氢碘酸、硫酸和磷酸,以及有机单-、二和三酸,诸如对甲苯磺酸、水杨酸、酒石酸、二酒石酸、抗坏血酸、马来酸、苯磺酸、富马酸、葡糖酸、葡糖醛酸、甲酸、谷氨酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、乳酸、草酸、对溴苯磺酸、碳酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸和乙酸,以及相关的无机酸和有机酸。生理学上可接受的盐包括硫酸盐、焦硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、磷酸盐、磷酸一氢盐、磷酸二氢盐、偏磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、氯化物、溴化物、碘化物、三氟甲烷磺酸盐(或三氟甲磺酸盐)、乙酸盐、丙酸盐、癸酸盐、辛酸盐、丙烯酸盐、甲酸盐、异丁酸盐、癸酸盐、庚酸盐、丙炔酸盐、草酸盐、丙二酸盐、琥珀酸盐、辛二酸盐、癸二酸盐、富马酸盐、马来酸盐、丁炔-1,4-二酸盐、己炔-1,6-二酸盐、苯甲酸盐、氯苯甲酸盐、甲基苯甲酸盐、二硝基苯甲酸盐、羟基苯甲酸盐、甲氧基苯甲酸盐、邻苯二甲酸盐、对苯二甲酸盐、磺酸盐、二甲苯磺酸盐、苯乙酸盐、苯丙酸盐、苯基丁酸盐、柠檬酸盐、乳酸盐、O-羟基丁酸盐、乙醇酸盐、马来酸盐、酒石酸盐、甲磺酸盐、丙磺酸盐、萘-1-磺酸盐、萘-2-磺酸盐、扁桃酸盐及其它盐。生理学上可接受的酸加成盐包括例如用无机酸如盐酸和氢溴酸形成的盐以及用有机酸如马来酸形成的盐。
生理学上可接受的碱加成盐可以用金属或胺如碱金属和碱土金属或有机胺形成。化合物的生理学上可接受的盐也可以用生理学上可接受的阳离子来制备。合适的生理学上可接受的阳离子在本领域中是公知的,并且包括但不限于碱金属、碱土金属、铵和季铵阳离子。碳酸盐或碳酸氢盐也是这方面的选择。用作阳离子的金属的示例是钠、钾、镁、铵、钙、铁等。合适的胺的示例包括但不限于异丙胺、组氨酸、N,N'-二苄基乙二胺、氯普鲁卡因、二乙醇胺、二环己胺、乙二胺、N-甲基葡糖胺和普鲁卡因。
在本发明的一些方面,所述化合物在十字花科蔬菜(例如,西兰花)中不是天然存在的。
在各种实施方案中,式(I)、式(II)或式(III)的化合物展示出1×10-3或更低、5×10-3或更低、1×10-4或更低、5×10-4或更低、1×10-5或更低、5×10-5或更低、或1×10-6或更低、或1×10-6和1×10-3之间、1×10-6和1×10-4之间、1×10-6和1×10-5之间、1×10-5和1×10-3之间、或1×10-4和1×10-3之间的IC50(观察到对由胆碱形成TMA(或TMAO)的50%抑制;mol/L),任选地在实施例中描述的测定中。
方法
本发明包括抑制个体中胆碱向三甲胺(TMA)的转化的一种或多种方法,其包括向所述个体施用包含如上文在子标题“化合物”下所述的式(I)、式(II)或式(III)中所示的化合物的一种或多种组合物。本文所述的任何实施方案的个体是需要降低TMA水平、改善心血管健康等的哺乳动物,优选人类,例如人类。在某些实施方案中,个体可以在施用之前表现出升高水平的TMA或其代谢物(例如,TMAO、二甲胺(DMA)或甲胺(MA,也称为单甲胺或MMA))。在各种实施方案中,个体患有心血管疾病,摄入高胆碱饮食,或表现出一种或多种CVD风险因素(例如,吸烟、压力、高总胆固醇、高LDL胆固醇、低HDL胆固醇、年龄、高血压、家族心血管病史、肥胖症、前驱糖尿病和/或糖尿病)。
还预期体外抑制胆碱向TMA的转化的一种或多种方法。就此而言,一种方法包括使细菌(例如,肠道微生物群中表现的细菌或代谢胆碱以产生TMA的细菌溶胞产物与如上文在子标题“化合物”下所述的式(I)的化合物接触)。在各种实施方案中,所述细菌选自奇异变形杆菌(Proteus mirabilis)、脱硫弧菌(Desulfovibrio alaskensis)、杨氏梭菌(Clostridium ljungdahlii)、梭状芽孢杆菌(C.scindens)、C.aldenense、Collinsellatanakaei、阴道厌氧球菌(Anaerococcus vaginalis)、停乳链球菌(Streptococcusdysgalactiae)、哈氏溃疡菌(Desultitobacterium hafniense)、变栖克雷伯氏菌(Klebsiella variicola)、克雷伯氏杆菌(K.pneumonia)、大肠杆菌或它们的组合。本公开还提供鉴定抑制TMA产生的化合物的一种或多种方法。一种方法包括使细菌(例如,作为肠道微生物群的一部分的细菌)或代谢胆碱以产生TMA的细菌溶胞产物与候选化合物(例如,如上文在子标题“化合物”下所述的式(I)、式(II)或式(III)的化合物)接触和检测TMA(或其代谢物)。任选地,将由与候选化合物接触的细菌产生的TMA(或其代谢物)的水平与(a)未与候选化合物或已知TMA抑制剂接触的细菌或溶胞产物产生的TMA水平或(b)与候选化合物接触之前的细菌产生的TMA水平相比较。由细菌产生的TMA水平的降低指示候选化合物抑制胆碱向TMA的转化。
还预期体外抑制胆碱向TMA的转化的一种或多种方法。一种方法包括使细菌或细菌溶胞产物与式(I)、式(II)或式(III)的一种或多种化合物接触。在各种实施方案中,所述细菌包括单一细菌物种或菌株,或者包含两种或更多种(例如,三种、四种、五种或更多种)不同细菌物种或细菌菌株的混合物。类似地,细菌溶胞产物由单一细菌物种或菌株或两种或更多种(例如,三种、四种、五种或更多种)不同细菌物种或细菌菌株的混合物产生。
应该理解,“抑制胆碱向TMA的转化”不需要通过胆碱代谢完全消除TMA的产生。预期由胆碱或胆碱相关代谢物作为前体形成TMA方面的任何降低,例如降低至少1%、至少5%、至少10%、至少15%、至少20%、至少25%、至少30%、至少35%、至少40%、至少45%、至少50%、至少55%、至少60%、至少65%、至少70%、至少75%至少80%、至少85%、至少90%、至少95%或100%;或约1%至约100%、约10%至约90%、约20%至约80%、约30%至约70%、约40%至约60%;或者更窄并且落入此类更宽数值范围内的任何其它数值范围,如同此类更窄的数值范围全部在本文中明确地写出。
用于体外或体内测量TMA的任何合适的方法可以用于本发明的上下文中。可以定量或定性地评估TMA、TMA的代谢物(例如,TMAO、DMA或MA)、TMA的稳定同位素(例如,氘标记的TMA,诸如d3-TMA、d6-TMA或d9-TMA)、TMAO的稳定同位素(例如,氘标记的TMAO,诸如d3-TMAO、d6-TMAO或d9-TMAO)、DMA的稳定同位素(例如,氘标记的DMA,诸如d3-DMA或d6-DMA)、MA的稳定同位素(例如,氘标记的MA,诸如d3-MA)和/或胆碱(包括胆碱的稳定同位素,例如d9-胆碱)。检测和定量TMA的示例性方法描述在例如美国公告2010/00285517中,其公开内容通过引用整体并入本文。例如,TMA(或三甲胺-N-氧化物(TMAO)、DMA或MA)和/或胆碱的水平任选通过质谱法、紫外光谱法或核磁共振光谱法测量。质谱仪包括电离源(例如,电喷雾电离)、根据质荷(m/z)比分离电离源中形成的离子的分析仪、以及用于带电离子的检测器。在串联质谱法中,包括两个或更多个分析仪。这类方法在本领域中是标准的并且包括例如具有在线电喷雾电离(ESI)和串联质谱的HPLC。
在各种实施方案中,在来自个体的生物样品中测量TMA和/或TMAO。生物样品包括但不限于全血、血浆、血清、尿液、粪便、唾液、汗液和/或组织。样品可以使用任何临床上可接受的实践来收集,并且如果需要,则在适当的缓冲溶液中稀释,肝素化,浓缩或分馏。可以使用许多生理学pH下的许多水性缓冲溶液中的任一种,诸如磷酸盐、Tris等。也可以使用酸化的缓冲液。例如,向样品添加缓冲液后的最终pH值任选地在pH 1和pH 6之间,例如在pH1.5和pH 3.0之间。
任选地,将生物样品中的TMA(或其代谢物或稳定同位素)和/或胆碱的水平与对照值相比较。所用的对照值将取决于本发明的实施方案。在一个方面,对照值是在施用或暴露于式(I)、式(II)或式(III)的化合物之前在个体中(或通过细菌)产生的TMA和/或TMAO的水平。或者,对照值基于从参考群体(例如,普通人群、诊断患有CVD或其它TMA相关病况的个体、先前未诊断为TMA相关病况的个体、非吸烟者等)获得的可相比的样品中测量的水平。TMA和/或TMAO和/或胆碱的水平可以与单个对照值或一系列对照值相比较。通过将来自个体的生物样品中的TMA的量与对照值相比较,可以将个体鉴定为在施用之前具有增强或升高的TMA水平。
本发明还提供改善个体的心血管健康的一种或多种方法。一种方法包括向所述个体施用包含以有效改善心血管健康的量的如上文在子标题“化合物”下所述的如式(I)、式(II)或式(III)中所示的化合物的一种或多种组合物。通过测试动脉弹性、血压、踝/臂指数、心电图、心室超声、血小板功能(即,血小板聚集)和血/尿测试来评估心血管健康,以测量例如胆固醇、白蛋白排泄、C-反应蛋白或血浆B-型肽(BNP)浓度。在本发明的各种方面,式(I)、式(II)或式(III)的化合物的施用改善或维持测定结果中的一种或多种测定结果在正常范围内。每个测试的结果的正常范围在本领域中是已知的。在一些实施方案中,心血管健康的改善以循环总胆固醇水平降低、循环低密度脂蛋白(LDL)降低、循环甘油三酯降低和/或血压降低为特征。
本发明还包括改善有此需要的个体中与胆碱向三甲胺(TMA)的转化相关的病况的一种或多种方法。一种方法包括向所述个体施用包含以有效改善所述病况的量的如上文在子标题“化合物”下所述的式(I)、式(II)或式(III)的化合物的一种或多种组合物。“改善病况”是指在与至少部分地由TMA引起的病症相关的症状的严重程度和/或发作方面的任何降低。本领域普通技术人员将理解,TMA有关的病症或与其相关的症状的任何程度的保护或改善对诸如人类的个体是有益的。通过降低个体中症状的严重程度和/或延缓症状出现改善个体的生活质量。因此,一方面,在确定个体处于发展TMA有关的病症的风险中之后或在检测到TMA有关的病症之后尽可能尽快地执行的一种方法。
在本发明的各种方面,与胆碱向三甲胺的转化相关的病况是心血管疾病、肾功能降低或受损、慢性肾病、三甲基胺尿症或糖尿病。术语“心血管疾病”(CVD)在本领域中用于提到影响身体的心脏、心脏瓣膜和脉管系统(例如,动脉和静脉)的病况,并且涵盖包括但不限于下列的疾病和疾病:动脉硬化、动脉粥样硬化、心肌梗塞、急性冠脉综合征、心绞痛、充血性心力衰竭、主动脉瘤、主动脉夹层、髂动脉或股动脉瘤、肺动脉栓塞、原发性高血压、心房颤动、中风、短暂性脑缺血发作、收缩功能障碍、舒张功能障碍、心房颤动、心内膜炎、动脉病、血管炎、动脉粥样硬化斑块、易损斑块、急性冠脉综合征、急性缺血发作、心脏性猝死、外周血管疾病、冠状动脉疾病(CAD)、外周动脉疾病(PAD)和脑血管疾病。
一方面,所述病况是动脉粥样硬化。动脉粥样硬化涉及动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成,其导致血管狭窄(“狭窄”),这最终可能导致血管的部分或完全闭塞或破裂(动脉瘤)、心力衰竭、主动脉夹层和心肌缺血事件如心肌梗塞和中风。在各种非限制性实施方案中,本发明的方法抑制、降低或逆转(全部或部分地)动脉粥样硬化的发作或发展(例如,降低或防止动脉硬化或增厚、斑块形成、内皮损伤和/或动脉炎症)。
在各种实施方案中,式(I)、式(II)或式(III)的化合物的施用引起TMA和/或TMAO水平降低、总胆固醇水平降低、LDL水平降低、HDL水平升高、甘油三酯水平降低和/或与CVD相关的其它生物标志物(例如,排泄的白蛋白、C-反应蛋白或血浆B-型肽(BNP))的水平正常化。在一些实施方案中,当施用给个体时,式(I)、式(II)或式(III)的化合物降低心血管疾病、肾功能降低或受损、慢性肾病、三甲基胺尿症或糖尿病的风险。
施用方案和组合物
施用给个体的化合物的量足以抑制(全部或部分地)由胆碱形成TMA。在本公开的各种方面,所述量改善心血管健康和/或相对于与TMA相关的不希望的病况实现有益的生物应答(例如,所述量足以改善,减缓进展或预防病况(例如,CVD))。有益效果可以通过例如临床病况的改善、症状的减轻或通过本文所述的任何测定或临床诊断测试来检测。个体的确切有效量可以取决于个体的体重、身材和健康;病况的性质和程度;以及选择施用的化合物或试剂组合。在各种方面,施用给个体的化合物的量为约0.001mg/kg至约1000mg/kg。以mg/kg计的特定剂量范围包括约0.1mg/kg至约500mg/kg,约0.5mg/kg至约200mg/kg,约1mg/kg至约100mg/kg,约2mg/kg至约50mg/kg,以及约5mg/kg至约30mg/kg。有效量可以作为化合物的单次施用或作为分次剂量(即,同时或在接近的时间以多个亚单位施用的单剂量)施用给个体。一定量的化合物任选地每天递送一次、两次或三次;每周一次、两次或三次;或者每月一次、两次、三次或四次。所述化合物可以作为在体外或体内转化成活性药物的前药递送。
所述化合物或包含所述化合物的组合物通过允许抑制胆碱向TMA的转化的任何途径来施用。在本发明的各种方面,所述化合物或包含所述化合物的组合物肠胃外(例如,静脉内、腹膜内、肺内、皮下或肌内)、鞘内、局部、透皮、直肠、口服、舌下、鼻内或通过吸入递送到个体。在各种优选的实施方案中,化合物通过例如摄取施用到胃肠道。当与胃肠道中的体液接触时,也可以采用持续释放制剂来实现化合物的受控释放。持续释放制剂在本领域中是已知的,并且通常包含生物可降解聚合物的聚合物基质、水溶性聚合物或两者的混合物,任选地还有合适的表面活性剂。
本发明提供包含用一种或多种生理学上可接受的赋形剂、载剂、稳定剂或稀释剂配制以便在本文所述的方法中使用的式(I)、式(II)或式(III)的化合物的一种或多种组合物。赋形剂包括但不限于载剂分子,其包括大的缓慢代谢的大分子,诸如蛋白质、多糖、聚乳酸、聚乙醇酸、聚合氨基酸、氨基酸共聚物、抗氧化剂(例如,抗坏血酸)、螯合剂(例如,EDTA)、碳水化合物(例如,糊精、羟烷基纤维素和/或羟烷基甲基纤维素)、脂质体、硬脂酸、液体(例如,油、水、盐水、甘油和/或乙醇)、润湿剂或乳化剂、pH缓冲物质等。
用于例如肠胃外或口服施用的制剂通常为固体(例如,冻干粉末或蛋糕)、液体溶液、乳剂或混悬剂,而用于肺部施用的可吸入制剂通常为液体或粉剂。示例性剂型包括但不限于片剂、糖锭剂、锭剂、水或油混悬剂、非水溶液、粉剂、可分散粉剂或颗粒剂(包括微粒化粒子或纳米粒子)、乳剂、硬或软胶囊、硬或软液体填充的胶囊、明胶胶囊、糖浆剂和酏剂。固体剂量制剂如片剂或液体填充的胶囊可以是未包衣的,或者可以通过包括微胶囊的已知技术包衣以延迟在胃肠道中的崩解和吸收。固体剂量制剂可以被包衣以靶向递送至消化道的特定区域。例如,所述制剂可以被肠溶包衣以将制剂靶向递送至小肠、大肠或结肠。另外的示例性剂型可以包含悬浮液或液体基体中的包衣的微胶囊或包衣的微珠。在一些实施方案中,式(I)、式(II)或式(III)的化合物作为饮食(例如,食物或饮品)补充剂提供。饮食补充剂是口服给药的,并且通常包含维生素、矿物质、草药或其它植物成分、氨基酸、酶、器官组织、来自腺体的组织或代谢物。在一个实施例中,式(I)、式(II)或式(III)的化合物作为条形食物提供。
在一些实施方案中,本文所述的化合物在适合低溶解度化合物的基于脂质的制剂中配制成口服施用。基于脂质的制剂通常可以增强这类化合物的口服生物利用度。因此,在一些方面,所述组合物包含一定量的本文所述的化合物以及至少一种选自中链脂肪酸及其丙二醇酯的赋形剂(例如,可食用脂肪酸的丙二醇酯,诸如辛酸和癸酸脂肪酸)和生理学上可接受的表面活性剂如聚氧乙烯40氢化蓖麻油。
在一些实施方案中,本文所述的化合物以延迟释放制剂的形式提供,并且任选地在个体的消化道的特定区域中释放。例如,可以提供制剂,使得化合物在消化道的远侧部分如回肠或结肠中自口服制剂释放。在某些实施方案中,延迟释放制剂在特定pH下或在一定pH范围内释放化合物,以在个体的消化道内靶向递送。所述化合物可以例如在pH 6.0和pH9.0之间、pH 6.5和pH 8.0之间、pH 6.5和pH 7.5之间、pH 7.0和pH 7.5之间、或者pH 7.0和pH 8.0之间释放。
本发明的方法任选地包括向个体施用第二试剂。术语“第二试剂”仅用于将所述试剂与式(I)、式(II)或式(III)的化合物加以区分,并不意味着限制在方法中使用的另外试剂的数量或表示施用顺序。一种或多种第二试剂任选地掺入具有同时施用但以分开的剂型或者在时间上分开施用的式(I)、式(II)或式(III)的化合物的组合物中。
示例性的第二试剂包括但不限于抗微生物剂(诸如杀死肠中细菌的抗生素);改善肠运动的试剂(诸如纤维或车前草);进一步降低肠中TMA水平的试剂,包括螯合剂(诸如活性木炭或铜叶绿酸;和/或进一步降低TMA代谢物产生的试剂;以及改善心血管健康的一个或多个方面的试剂,诸如使血压正常化、减少血管炎症、降低血小板活化、使脂质异常正常化的试剂。在各种实施方案中,第二试剂选自Omega 3油、水杨酸(阿司匹林)、二甲基丁醇、大蒜油、橄榄油、磷虾油、Co酶Q-10、益生菌、益生元、饮食纤维、蚤草壳、铋盐、植物甾醇、葡萄籽油、绿茶提取物、维生素D、抗氧化剂(诸如维生素C和维生素E)、姜黄、姜黄素、白藜芦醇、活性木炭或铜叶绿素。任选地,所述组合物包含二甲基丁醇和/或由胆碱以外的前体(例如肉碱)形成TMA的抑制剂。
或者或此外,本公开的方法还包括施用一种或多种心血管疾病疗法。疗法的示例包括但不限于他汀类(例如,LipitorTM(阿托伐他汀(atorvastatin))、PravacholTM(普伐他汀(pravastatin))、ZocorTM(辛伐他汀(simvastatin))、MevacorTM(洛伐他汀(lovastatin))和LescolTM(氟伐他汀(fluvastatin)))或干扰HMGCoA还原酶的活性的其它试剂;烟酸(尼克酸(niacin),其降低LDL胆固醇水平);贝特类(其降低血液甘油三酯水平并且包括例如苯扎贝特(Bezafibrate)(例如)、环丙贝特(Ciprofibrate)(例如)、氯贝丁酯(Clofibrate)、吉非贝齐(Gemfibrozil)(例如,)和非诺贝特(Fenofibrate)(例如,));胆汁酸树脂(例如考来烯胺(Cholestyramine)、考来替泊(Colestipol)(Colestip)和Cholsevelam(Welchol));胆固醇吸收抑制剂(例如,依替米贝(Ezetimibe));植物甾醇(例如,谷甾醇(sitosterol)(Take Control(Lipton));谷甾烷醇(sitostanol)(Benechol)或豆甾烷醇(stigmastanol));藻酸盐和果胶;卵磷脂和营养制品(例如,绿茶提取物和其它提取物,所述提取物包括多酚,特别是表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯(EGCG)、Cholest-ArrestTM(500mg大蒜和200mg卵磷脂)、CholestawayTM(700mg碳酸钙、170mg氧化镁、50μg吡啶甲酸铬)、Cholest-OffTM(900mg植物甾醇/甾烷醇)、Guggul Bolic(750mg古古脂(印度穆库尔没药胶树脂)和(600mg老龄大蒜提取物和380mg卵磷脂))。
在前述实施方案的相关变体中,包含单独或与一种或多种第二试剂组合的本文所述的式(I)、式(II)或式(III)的化合物的一种或多种组合物任选地布置成试剂盒或包装或单位剂量,诸如容许共同施用多种试剂的试剂盒或包装或单位剂量。另一方面,包含式(I)、式(II)或式(III)的化合物和所述一种或多种第二试剂的组合物是混合物。在各种实施方案中,所述试剂盒或包装或单位剂量的一种或多种组分与关于施用这一种或多种组分到个体的说明书一起包装。
本发明的其它方面和优点将在考虑以下说明性实施例后理解,所述说明性实施例并非旨在以任何方式进行限制。
实施例
该实施例提供用于鉴定和表征抑制由胆碱形成TMA的化合物的示例性测定。
使奇异变形杆菌29906(Pm)菌株在500ml营养肉汤培养基(3g/L牛肉提取物,5g/L蛋白胨;Difco#234000)中在37℃下在250rpm振荡下有氧生长过夜。生物质通过在4℃以6000×g离心12分钟而沉淀。使细胞丸粒在240mL冰冷的1X磷酸盐缓冲盐水(不含Ca2+和Mg2 +)中悬浮。添加90微克溶菌酶(Sigma#L6876,批次#SLBG8654V)并在4℃下以320rpm振荡温育30分钟。溶胞是通过具有预冷却到4℃的直径为1"的腔室的法式滤压壶(French press)在1000psi(高比率;内部PSI相当于约16000)实现。将溶胞产物在4℃下以6,000×g离心12分钟以使额外的碎片粒化。离心的溶胞产物上清液的蛋白质浓度通过BCA蛋白质测定试剂盒(Pierce#23225)测定,并用1×杜氏磷酸盐缓冲盐水(DPBS)将蛋白质浓度调节至3mg/ml。将离心的上清液溶胞产物等分成20mL体积并在-80℃下冷冻储存。
奇异变形杆菌29906(Pm)溶胞产物用1×DPBS稀释至1.5mg/mL蛋白质。添加氯化胆碱(CC)(1M储备液)以达到2.5mM氯化胆碱的最终浓度。混合物使用涡旋混合器混合约15秒,并在37℃下温育22小时。温育后,将150μL的CC处理的Pm溶胞产物分配到深孔板(聚丙烯,2mL体积,Corning Axygen目录#P-DW-20-C)中。以1:100稀释度添加来自表1(下文)的候选IC50化合物和载体对照物(DMSO或水的相应载体对照物)或对照化合物(IC50对照,8-喹啉半硫酸盐(Sigma目录#55100))(例如,每孔1.5μL)。将平板在平板振荡器上搅拌1分钟。向所有孔中添加d9-氯化胆碱(1.5μL,5mM)以达到50μM的最终d9-氯化胆碱浓度。
再次将平板在平板振荡器上搅拌1分钟,并在37℃下温育2小时。温育后,向每个孔中添加1.5μL甲酸(最终浓度=1%甲酸)。将平板在平板振荡器上搅拌1分钟并置于冰上。将细胞溶胞产物掺杂稳定同位素标记的内标(向每个样品中添加22.5μL的6μg/mL的13C3-三甲胺(13C3-TMA)),然后在如下所述的蛋白质沉淀之后从溶胞产物中分离d9-三甲胺(d9-TMA)、三甲胺(TMA)和13C3-TMA。将用0.1%甲酸酸化的乙腈(600μL)添加到每个样品中,然后将其离心(2100g,20分钟)以使蛋白质和其它沉淀物粒化。如下所述移出并分析上清液。分离的上清液样品中的TMA、d9-TMA和13C3-TMA在具有得自Waters Corp.,Milford,Mass.的Atlantis Silica HILIC Sentry保护管柱(3μm,2.1mm×10mm)的得自WatersCorp.,Milford,Mass.的Waters Atlantis HILIC Silica柱(2.1×50mm,3μm粒子)上进行梯度高效液相色谱(HPLC),其中具有0.1%甲酸的10mM甲酸铵水溶液作为流动相A且0.1%甲酸的乙腈溶液作为流动相B。检测和定量通过在多反应监测(MRM)MS/MS条件下操作的串联质谱法实现(TMA,m/z 44.1;d9-TMA,m/z 49.1;13C3-TMA,m/z 46.1)。使用在80%/20%/0.1%乙腈/水/甲酸中制备的TMA和d9-TMA校准标准物(STD)通过绘制每种标准物的应答(峰面积TMA/峰面积13C3-TMA)对浓度构建回归曲线。通过二次(1/x2)回归曲线插值确定细胞溶胞产物中TMA和d9-TMA的浓度。
式(I)的代表性化合物的IC50测量值示于表1中。
表1
该实施例提供鉴定和定量样品中的TMA以及筛选候选抑制化合物的示例性方法。发现表1中的所有化合物均抑制胆碱向TMA的转化。
本文所公开的量纲和值不应理解为严格限于所引用的精确数值。相反,除非另外指明,否则每个这样的量纲旨在表示所述值以及围绕该值功能上等同的范围。例如,公开为“40mm”的量纲旨在表示“约40mm”。
除非明确排除或以其它方式限制,本文中引用的每一篇文献,包括任何交叉引用或相关专利或专利申请以及本申请对其要求优先权或其有益效果的任何专利申请或专利,均据此全文以引用方式并入本文。任何文献的引用不是对其作为与本发明任何公开或本文受权利要求书保护的现有技术的认可,或不是对其自身或与任何其它参考文献或多个参考文献的组合提出、建议或公开了此发明任何方面的认可。此外,当本发明中术语的任何含义或定义与以引用方式并入的文件中相同术语的任何含义或定义矛盾时,应当服从在本发明中赋予该术语的含义或定义。
虽然已举例说明和描述了本发明的具体实施方案,但是对于本领域技术人员来说显而易见的是,在不脱离本发明的实质和范围的情况下可作出多个其它变化和修改。因此,本文旨在于所附权利要求中涵盖属于本发明范围内的所有这些变化和修改。
Claims (7)
1.一种通过细菌来抑制胆碱向三甲胺(TMA)的转化的方法,所述方法包括:使所述细菌与如式(I)中所示的化合物接触:
其中R1选自氰酸酯、异氰酸酯、硫氰酸酯、异硫氰酸酯、腈、异腈或巯基;
n’选自0、1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10;并且
R2选自烷基、支链烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、芳基或取代的羰基;
其中当R2为苯基时,R2被独立地选自烷基、支链烷基、杂烷基、环烷基、杂环烷基、卤基或芳基的0、1或2个基团取代;
其中当R2为杂烷基或杂环烷基时,一个或多个杂原子不是S;
其中当n'为2时,R2不是未取代的苯基;以及
包括其任何可接受的盐或溶剂化物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中R1为异硫氰酸酯,优选地其中所述化合物为异硫氰酸仲丁酯或异硫氰酸乙酯。
3.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中n'为0,优选地其中所述化合物选自异硫氰酸苯甲酰酯、异硫氰酸4-溴苯酯、异硫氰酸4-(甲硫基)苯酯、异硫氰酸1-萘酯、异硫氰酸3-甲氧基苯酯和异硫氰酸4-甲氧基苯酯。
4.根据权利要求2所述的方法,其中n'为至少1,优选地其中所述化合物为以下中的至少一种:异硫氰酸苄酯、异硫氰酸3-二乙氨基丙酯、N-Boc-4-异硫氰酸根合丁胺、异硫氰酸3-(4-吗啉代)丙酯、异硫氰酸2-(4-吗啉代)乙酯和异硫氰酸2-哌啶代乙酯。
5.根据权利要求1至4中任一项所述的方法,所述方法还包括使所述细菌与第二试剂接触,所述第二试剂为以下中的至少一种:Omega 3油、水杨酸、二甲基丁醇、大蒜油、橄榄油、磷虾油、Co酶Q-10、益生菌、益生元、饮食纤维、蚤草壳、铋盐、植物甾醇、葡萄籽油、绿茶提取物、维生素D、抗氧化剂、姜黄、姜黄素、白藜芦醇、活性木炭或铜叶绿素。
6.根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法,其中胆碱向三甲胺(TMA)的转化被抑制约1%至约100%。
7.根据权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其中所述细菌为以下中的至少一种:奇异变形杆菌、脱硫弧菌、杨氏梭菌、梭状芽孢杆菌、C.aldenense、Collinsella tanakaei、阴道厌氧球菌、停乳链球菌、哈氏溃疡菌、变栖克雷伯氏菌、克雷伯氏杆菌或大肠杆菌。
Applications Claiming Priority (7)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US201562261662P | 2015-12-01 | 2015-12-01 | |
| US201562261645P | 2015-12-01 | 2015-12-01 | |
| US62/261,662 | 2015-12-01 | ||
| US62/261,645 | 2015-12-01 | ||
| US201662356422P | 2016-06-29 | 2016-06-29 | |
| US62/356,422 | 2016-06-29 | ||
| PCT/US2016/064339 WO2017095993A1 (en) | 2015-12-01 | 2016-12-01 | Methods for inhibiting conversion of choline to trimethylamine (tma) |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN108601753A true CN108601753A (zh) | 2018-09-28 |
Family
ID=57680518
Family Applications (3)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201680070716.6A Pending CN108601753A (zh) | 2015-12-01 | 2016-12-01 | 抑制胆碱向三甲胺(tma)的转化的方法 |
| CN201680070816.9A Pending CN108601754A (zh) | 2015-12-01 | 2016-12-01 | 抑制肉毒碱向三甲胺(tma)转化的方法 |
| CN201680068820.1A Active CN108472267B (zh) | 2015-12-01 | 2016-12-01 | 用于抑制三甲胺产生的化合物和方法 |
Family Applications After (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201680070816.9A Pending CN108601754A (zh) | 2015-12-01 | 2016-12-01 | 抑制肉毒碱向三甲胺(tma)转化的方法 |
| CN201680068820.1A Active CN108472267B (zh) | 2015-12-01 | 2016-12-01 | 用于抑制三甲胺产生的化合物和方法 |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US10786479B2 (zh) |
| EP (3) | EP3383377B1 (zh) |
| CN (3) | CN108601753A (zh) |
| AU (4) | AU2016365314A1 (zh) |
| BR (3) | BR112018011216A2 (zh) |
| CA (3) | CA3007081C (zh) |
| MX (3) | MX378437B (zh) |
| PL (1) | PL3383376T3 (zh) |
| RU (3) | RU2018120183A (zh) |
| WO (3) | WO2017095975A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3383377B1 (en) | 2015-12-01 | 2024-04-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compounds and methods for inhibiting production of trimethylamine |
| JP7229772B2 (ja) * | 2016-04-22 | 2023-02-28 | ジェイシー(ウーシー) カンパニー,インコーポレーテッド | イソチオシアネート系化合物の使用 |
| AU2017291211B2 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2020-06-25 | Cleveland Clinic Innovation | Methods for inhibiting conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) |
| WO2018227146A1 (en) * | 2017-06-08 | 2018-12-13 | Allergyintellect, Inc | Vitamin d compounds and methods of using the same |
| WO2018236899A1 (en) * | 2017-06-19 | 2018-12-27 | The Cleveland Clinic Foundation | Treating disease and promoting weight loss by inhibiting the tma/fmo3/tmao pathway |
| KR20200052298A (ko) * | 2017-08-14 | 2020-05-14 | 소마젠 인크 | 트리메틸아민 및/또는 트리메틸아민 n-옥사이드 관련 표적화된 약물 |
| MX390468B (es) | 2017-10-02 | 2025-03-20 | Procter & Gamble | Metodos para inhibir la conversion de colina en trimetilamina (tma) |
| EP3522876B1 (en) | 2017-10-02 | 2021-02-24 | The Procter and Gamble Company | Methods for inhibiting conversion of choline to trimethylamine (tma) |
| CN111344016B (zh) * | 2017-10-02 | 2022-04-05 | 宝洁公司 | 用于抑制胆碱向三甲胺(tma)的转化的方法 |
| CN108976485B (zh) * | 2018-01-22 | 2020-11-03 | 内蒙古大学 | 一种凝胶多糖与稀土复合的柔性发光薄膜及其制备方法 |
| EP3746066A4 (en) * | 2018-02-01 | 2023-05-10 | The Cleveland Clinic Foundation | Disease detection and treatment based on trimethyl-lysine levels |
| EP3876921A1 (en) * | 2018-11-06 | 2021-09-15 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods for inhibiting conversion of choline to trimethylamine (tma) |
| MX2021005289A (es) * | 2018-11-06 | 2021-09-08 | Procter & Gamble | Metodos para inhibir la conversion de colina en trimetilamina (tma). |
| CN113383391A (zh) * | 2018-12-06 | 2021-09-10 | 先达生物科技公司 | 季铵盐作为三甲胺产生的抑制剂 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010084661A1 (ja) * | 2009-01-23 | 2010-07-29 | 金印株式会社 | イソチオシアネート類含有組成物、食品、食品素材、医薬品、化粧品および日用品雑貨類 |
| WO2010140902A1 (en) * | 2009-06-02 | 2010-12-09 | Mark Hampton | Inhibitors of macrophage migration inhibitory factor |
| CN102458481A (zh) * | 2009-05-28 | 2012-05-16 | 克里夫兰诊所基金会 | 用于诊断和预测疾病的含三甲胺的化合物 |
| US20140271923A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Christopher Brian Reid | Compositions & formulations for preventing and treating chronic diseases that cluster in patients such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, as well as for preventing and treating other diseases and conditions |
| CN104582507A (zh) * | 2012-06-11 | 2015-04-29 | 克利夫兰诊所基金会 | 心血管疾病和血栓形成的治疗与预防 |
Family Cites Families (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB1242863A (en) * | 1968-05-10 | 1971-08-18 | Pharmacia As | 2,3-DIHYDRO-5H-THIAZOLO[2,3-b]QUINAZOLINES AND PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF |
| US4335141A (en) | 1979-12-26 | 1982-06-15 | Merck & Co., Inc. | 2-Substituted-aminopropene-and propanenitrile antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents |
| US4874788A (en) | 1985-10-01 | 1989-10-17 | Ethyl Corporation | Quaternary ammonium compounds |
| US5547677A (en) * | 1994-05-20 | 1996-08-20 | Novavax, Inc. | Antimicrobial oil-in-water emulsions |
| EP1112288A1 (en) | 1998-08-21 | 2001-07-04 | Ciba SC Holding AG | Thermal- and photoinitiated radical polymerization in the presence of an addition fragmentation agent |
| WO2002016366A1 (en) | 2000-08-23 | 2002-02-28 | Itoi Textile Co., Ltd | Copper or iron chlorophyllin sodium, pulp, aqueous pigment solution, paper yarn and process for producing the same |
| JP4099012B2 (ja) | 2002-07-12 | 2008-06-11 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 画像形成材料 |
| JP4798973B2 (ja) * | 2004-08-04 | 2011-10-19 | 丸善製薬株式会社 | 抗菌用組成物 |
| US20070199890A1 (en) * | 2006-02-27 | 2007-08-30 | Agion Technologies, Inc. | Antimicrobial activated carbon and use thereof |
| WO2008082692A2 (en) | 2006-07-06 | 2008-07-10 | University Of Medicine And Dentistry Of New Jersey | Isothiocyanate compounds, pharmaceutical compositions, and uses thereof |
| EP2059807B1 (en) * | 2006-08-17 | 2013-02-20 | The UAB Research Foundation | Diagnosing pneumococcal pneumonia |
| EP3070477B1 (en) | 2007-12-05 | 2019-02-20 | The Cleveland Clinic Foundation | Trimethylamine compounds as risk predictors of cardiovascular disease |
| US10241093B2 (en) * | 2009-05-28 | 2019-03-26 | The Cleveland Clinic Foundation | Trimethylamine-containing compounds for diagnosis and prediction of disease |
| GB0922505D0 (en) * | 2009-12-23 | 2010-02-10 | Plant Bioscience Ltd | Use |
| US20120225020A1 (en) | 2011-02-24 | 2012-09-06 | Chekmenev Eduard Y | Unsaturated choline analogs and chemical synthesis thereof |
| US10550108B2 (en) | 2014-10-03 | 2020-02-04 | Institute For Cancer Research | Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 inhibitors structurally unrelated to NAD |
| EP3383377B1 (en) | 2015-12-01 | 2024-04-17 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Compounds and methods for inhibiting production of trimethylamine |
| AU2017291211B2 (en) | 2016-06-29 | 2020-06-25 | Cleveland Clinic Innovation | Methods for inhibiting conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) |
-
2016
- 2016-12-01 EP EP16820393.3A patent/EP3383377B1/en active Active
- 2016-12-01 AU AU2016365314A patent/AU2016365314A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-12-01 PL PL16819754T patent/PL3383376T3/pl unknown
- 2016-12-01 MX MX2018006756A patent/MX378437B/es unknown
- 2016-12-01 US US15/366,877 patent/US10786479B2/en active Active
- 2016-12-01 WO PCT/US2016/064299 patent/WO2017095975A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2016-12-01 EP EP16823075.3A patent/EP3383378B1/en active Active
- 2016-12-01 RU RU2018120183A patent/RU2018120183A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2016-12-01 MX MX2018006757A patent/MX380818B/es unknown
- 2016-12-01 BR BR112018011216A patent/BR112018011216A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2016-12-01 US US15/366,819 patent/US10780072B2/en active Active
- 2016-12-01 EP EP16819754.9A patent/EP3383376B1/en active Active
- 2016-12-01 MX MX2018006758A patent/MX383038B/es unknown
- 2016-12-01 BR BR112018010873-1A patent/BR112018010873A2/pt active Search and Examination
- 2016-12-01 BR BR112018011210A patent/BR112018011210A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2016-12-01 CA CA3007081A patent/CA3007081C/en active Active
- 2016-12-01 RU RU2018120189A patent/RU2018120189A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2016-12-01 US US15/366,940 patent/US10213407B2/en active Active
- 2016-12-01 CA CA3005760A patent/CA3005760C/en active Active
- 2016-12-01 RU RU2018116864A patent/RU2018116864A/ru not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2016-12-01 AU AU2016365316A patent/AU2016365316B2/en active Active
- 2016-12-01 CN CN201680070716.6A patent/CN108601753A/zh active Pending
- 2016-12-01 WO PCT/US2016/064339 patent/WO2017095993A1/en not_active Ceased
- 2016-12-01 CA CA3007061A patent/CA3007061C/en active Active
- 2016-12-01 CN CN201680070816.9A patent/CN108601754A/zh active Pending
- 2016-12-01 AU AU2016362298A patent/AU2016362298B2/en active Active
- 2016-12-01 CN CN201680068820.1A patent/CN108472267B/zh active Active
- 2016-12-01 WO PCT/US2016/064341 patent/WO2017095995A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2019
- 2019-12-13 AU AU2019280094A patent/AU2019280094B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010084661A1 (ja) * | 2009-01-23 | 2010-07-29 | 金印株式会社 | イソチオシアネート類含有組成物、食品、食品素材、医薬品、化粧品および日用品雑貨類 |
| CN102458481A (zh) * | 2009-05-28 | 2012-05-16 | 克里夫兰诊所基金会 | 用于诊断和预测疾病的含三甲胺的化合物 |
| WO2010140902A1 (en) * | 2009-06-02 | 2010-12-09 | Mark Hampton | Inhibitors of macrophage migration inhibitory factor |
| CN104582507A (zh) * | 2012-06-11 | 2015-04-29 | 克利夫兰诊所基金会 | 心血管疾病和血栓形成的治疗与预防 |
| US20140271923A1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2014-09-18 | Christopher Brian Reid | Compositions & formulations for preventing and treating chronic diseases that cluster in patients such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, as well as for preventing and treating other diseases and conditions |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| A. AIRES ET AL.: "The antimicrobial effects of glucosinolates and their respective enzymatic hydrolysis products on bacteria isolated from the human intestinal tract", 《JOURNAL OF APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY》 * |
Also Published As
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| AU2019280094B2 (en) | Methods for inhibiting conversion of choline to trimethylamine (tma) | |
| EP3478276B1 (en) | Methods for inhibiting conversion of choline to trimethylamine (tma) | |
| US10849866B2 (en) | Methods for inhibiting conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) | |
| US10675256B2 (en) | Methods for inhibiting conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) | |
| US10751301B2 (en) | Methods for inhibiting conversion of choline to trimethylamine (TMA) |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication | ||
| RJ01 | Rejection of invention patent application after publication |
Application publication date: 20180928 |