CN107669636A - 一种氨溴索喷雾剂 - Google Patents
一种氨溴索喷雾剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种氨溴索喷雾剂,属于药物制剂领域。本发明的氨溴索喷雾剂包含盐酸氨溴索‑TM‑β‑环糊精包合物35‑45g,N‑甲基‑2‑吡咯酮3‑8g,山梨酸0.03‑0.08g,水补足至100mL,其质量可控,与口服液相比,效果显著,且给药方便,患者顺应性强,可有效治疗呼吸系统疾病。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及药物制剂领域,具体涉及一种氨溴索喷雾剂。
背景技术
在急、慢性支气管炎等呼吸道疾患中,常产生大量痰液,易阻塞呼吸道,造成呼吸困难,尤其小儿和老人经常出现排痰困难,往往继发肺部感染,所以祛痰药的应用十分必要。
近几年国外广泛应用的盐酸氨溴索(ambroxolhydrochloride)是目前临床上作用最强的祛痰药,国外对其疗效十分肯定。上世纪80年代初首先在德国上市,以后又在日本、欧洲许多国家纷纷上市。
盐酸氨溴索是溴己新的代谢产物,作用强于溴己新,其作用机理为裂解痰中酸性黏多糖纤维,减少黏痰,稀释痰液,并提高支气管黏膜上皮纤毛运动频率及运送能力,使痰易于咳出。盐酸氨溴索在临床上可以调节黏液与黏浆分泌,活化纤毛摆动,易于稀释痰液,强化黏液向外运输,易于排出,它也可以促进肺表面活性物质合成,以维持肺泡张力,保证肺部功能指标;促进抗生素向组织渗透,以提高浓度,增强杀菌作用;抗氧化,减少炎性介质释放,以减轻炎症反应;与支气管解痉物质协同,以提高解痉药物的疗效。因此,该药在临床上可以广泛用于伴有呼吸道异常分泌的急慢性呼吸道疾患,特别是慢性支气管炎的祛痰治疗,新生儿呼吸窘迫症以及肺部手术的辅助治疗,具有毒性低、疗效确切、并能与抗生素并用产生良好的协同效果等优点,为最常用的祛痰药之一。
盐酸氨溴索现有剂型有口服液、片剂、胶囊、微丸等,但尚无质量可控、效果显著的喷雾剂。
发明内容
本发明的目的即是提供一种质量可控,效果显著的盐酸氨溴索喷雾剂。
本发明解决该技术问题的技术方案是:
一种氨溴索喷雾剂,包含盐酸氨溴索-TM-β-环糊精包合物35-45g,N-甲基-2-吡咯酮3-8g,山梨酸0.03-0.08g,水补足至100mL。
所述盐酸氨溴索-TM-β-环糊精包合物中盐酸氨溴索与TM-β-环糊精的摩尔比为1:(2-4)。
所述盐酸氨溴索-TM-β-环糊精包合物的制备方法为:先将TM-β-环糊精溶于水中制备饱和TM-β-环糊精溶液,再按配方比例加入盐酸氨溴索,室温搅拌使其溶解完全。
本发明同时提供了上述氨溴索喷雾剂的制备方法,其特征在于,其操作步骤为:
(1)将TM-β-环糊精溶于水中制备饱和TM-β-环糊精溶液,再按配方比例加入盐酸氨溴索,室温搅拌使其溶解完全;
(2)在步骤(1)所得溶液中加入N-甲基-2-吡咯酮,山梨酸,搅拌均匀即得。
本发明的盐酸氨溴索喷雾剂质量可控,与口服液相比,效果显著,且给药方便,患者顺应性强,可有效治疗呼吸系统疾病。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法,通常按照常规条件或按照制造厂商所建议的条件。除非另外说明,否则所有的百分数、比率、比例或份数按重量计。
除非另行定义,文中所使用的所有专业与科学用语与本领域熟练人员所熟悉的意义相同。此外,任何与所记载内容相似或均等的方法及材料皆可应用于本发明方法中。文中所述的较佳实施方法与材料仅作示范之用。
实施例1
按盐酸氨溴索与TM-β-环糊精的摩尔比为1:2的比例以及总量为35g的量称取盐酸氨溴索和TM-β-环糊精,将TM-β-环糊精溶于水中制备饱和TM-β-环糊精溶液,加入盐酸氨溴索,室温搅拌使其溶解完全,加入N-甲基-2-吡咯酮4g,山梨酸0.05g,搅拌均匀即得。
实施例2
按盐酸氨溴索与TM-β-环糊精的摩尔比为1:3的比例以及总量为40g的量称取盐酸氨溴索和TM-β-环糊精,将TM-β-环糊精溶于水中制备饱和TM-β-环糊精溶液,加入盐酸氨溴索,室温搅拌使其溶解完全,加入N-甲基-2-吡咯酮6g,山梨酸0.06g,搅拌均匀即得。
实施例3
按盐酸氨溴索与TM-β-环糊精的摩尔比为1:4的比例以及总量为45g的量称取盐酸氨溴索和TM-β-环糊精,将TM-β-环糊精溶于水中制备饱和TM-β-环糊精溶液,加入盐酸氨溴索,室温搅拌使其溶解完全,加入N-甲基-2-吡咯酮8g,山梨酸0.08g,搅拌均匀即得。
实施例4
稳定性试验
(1)影响因素试验
将实施例2的盐酸氨溴索喷雾剂灌封于5mL安瓿中,置于高温(40℃)、光照(4500±500Lx)、低温(-18℃)条件下,分别于第5、10天取样,对稳定性试验各考察指标进行检测,结果见表1。
表1盐酸氨溴索喷雾剂影响因素试验结果
结果显示,本发明的氨溴索喷雾剂在高温及低温条件下放置10天后能够稳定存在,在光照条件下放置10天后含量有明显降低,有关物质明显增加,因此本制剂应该避光保存。
(2)加速试验
将实施例1-3的氨溴索喷雾剂置于40℃、RH75%条件下,分别于第0、1、2、3,对各项考察指标进行检测,检测结果如表2所示。
表2盐酸氨溴索喷雾剂加速试验结果
结果显示,本发明的盐酸氨溴索喷雾剂在40℃、RH75%条件下放置6个月能够保持含量稳定,有关物质没有增加。
(3)室温长期留样试验
将实施例1-3的盐酸氨溴索喷雾剂置于室温条件下,分别于第0、3个月取样,对各项考察指标进行检测,结果见表3。
表3盐酸氨溴索喷雾剂室温长期留样试验结果
结果显示,本发明的盐酸氨溴索喷雾剂在室温条件下放置6个月能够保持含量稳定,有关物质没有增加。
实施例5
刺激性试验研究
取Wistar大鼠16只,体重200~300g,雌雄各半,将实验动物分为4个组别,分别为生理盐水组,1%脱氧胆酸钠组,本发明氨溴索喷雾剂给药后直接取样组,本发明氨溴索喷雾剂给药后恢复一周取样组,用微量进样器滴入相应组别的大鼠口腔内,每次给药量为100μL,给药完毕后保持大鼠闭口30秒,以防样品外漏流失,每日给药一次,连续5天,于末次给药24h后心脏灌流处死大鼠,取大鼠上颚口腔黏膜。恢复组停药后饲养一周处死。将所取组织放入10%福尔马林溶液中浸泡固定,石蜡包埋切片,HE染色,于光学显微镜下进行观察。
结果显示,生理盐水阴性对照组肉眼观察未见粘膜充血、水肿等现象,病理组织学检查显示,口腔粘膜完整,由鳞状上皮覆盖,组织结构清晰完好,口腔粘膜组织及粘膜下组织无出血及炎细胞浸润;脱氧胆酸钠阳性对照组肉眼观察粘膜泛白,有水肿现象,病理组织学检查显示,口腔粘膜不完整,有断裂现象,口腔粘膜组织及粘膜下组织出现出血及大量炎细胞浸润;本发明喷雾剂喷雾剂给药后直接取样组肉眼观察未见粘膜充血、水肿等现象,病理组织学检查显示,口腔粘膜基本完整,由鳞状上皮覆盖,组织结构较清晰完好,口腔粘膜组织及粘膜下组织有少量出血及炎细胞浸润;本发明喷雾剂喷雾剂给药后恢复一周取样组肉眼观察未见粘膜充血、水肿等现象,病理组织学检查显示,口腔粘膜完整,由鳞状上皮覆盖,组织结构清晰完好,口腔粘膜组织及粘膜下组织无出血及炎细胞浸润,基本与生理盐水阴性对照组一致。
由实验结果可知,本发明的盐酸氨溴索喷雾剂对大鼠口腔黏膜有轻度刺激性,给药后黏膜下有少量出血及炎性细胞浸润,但是给药后恢复一周再处死,口腔粘膜组织及粘膜下组织这种出血及炎细胞浸润的症状即消失,恢复至与阴性对照组一致,说明这种损伤是可逆的。
实施例6小鼠气管酚红分泌量药理试验
取50只小鼠随机分为5组,分别为空白对照组、盐酸氨溴索口服液组,实施例2的氨溴索喷雾剂低、中、高三个剂量组,称重、标记,给药剂量如表4所示,空白对照组给予生理盐水,给药方式均为灌胃。30min后,分别腹腔注射酚红溶液0.1mL/10g,30min后,处死动物,解剖分离气管,于喉头下将磨平的7号针头插入气管约0.3cm,用丝线结扎固定后,用1mL注射器抽取碳酸氢钠溶液0.5mL,通过针头来回灌洗呼吸道3次,最后1次将灌洗液抽出注入试管中,上述操作连续3次,共冲洗9次,抽得灌洗液约1.2-1.5mL,置于试管中,离心,用721型分光光度计、波长546nm,读取吸收度OD值。在标准曲线上查对相应的酚红浓度,比较各组气管段酚红排泌量的差别,结果如表4所示。
表4小鼠气管酚红分泌量试验结果
| 组别 | 给药剂量(mg/kg) | 酚红量(μg/mL) | 增加量(%) |
| 空白对照组 | -- | 0.59±0.24 | -- |
| 口服液组 | 20 | 0.71±0.24 | 21.12 |
| 喷雾剂低剂量组 | 20 | 0.83±0.19 | 40.22 |
| 喷雾剂中剂量组 | 40 | 1.03±0.21 | 75.80 |
| 喷雾剂高剂量组 | 60 | 1.33±0.22 | 125.42 |
结果表明,各给药组都能够明显增加小鼠呼吸道酚红分泌量,说明均能起到良好的祛痰功效,其中本发明的组合物低、中、高三个剂量组与盐酸氨溴索口服液组相比作用增强,差别显著,且作用效果与各组合物的给药剂量有关,高剂量作用最好。
Claims (4)
1.一种氨溴索喷雾剂,其特征在于,包含盐酸氨溴索-TM-β-环糊精包合物35-45g,N-甲基-2-吡咯酮3-8g,山梨酸0.03-0.08g,水补足至100mL。
2.根据权利要求1所述的氨溴索喷雾剂,其特征在于,所述盐酸氨溴索-TM-β-环糊精包合物中盐酸氨溴索与TM-β-环糊精的摩尔比为1:(2-4)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的氨溴索喷雾剂,其特征在于,所述盐酸氨溴索-TM-β-环糊精包合物的制备方法为:先将TM-β-环糊精溶于水中制备饱和TM-β-环糊精溶液,再按配方比例加入盐酸氨溴索,室温搅拌使其溶解完全。
4.根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的氨溴索喷雾剂的制备方法,其特征在于,其操作步骤为:
(1)将TM-β-环糊精溶于水中制备饱和TM-β-环糊精溶液,再按配方比例加入盐酸氨溴索,室温搅拌使其溶解完全;
(2)在步骤(1)所得溶液中加入N-甲基-2-吡咯酮,山梨酸,搅拌均匀即得。
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