CN106833666A - A kind of soil conditioner and soil improvement method for heavy soil - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to agricultural soil fermenting fertilizer field, more particularly to a kind of soil conditioner for heavy soil, the soil conditioner is mixed by the raw material including following component：The biomass carbon particle of the 3mm of particle diameter 1, equivalent to the humic acid and/or humate powder of the biomass carbon particle weight 4 6%, equivalent to the water of the biomass carbon particle weight 25 35%.Heavy soil is improved using soil conditioner of the invention, soil macro aggregate quantity can be improved, increase soil permeability, reduce soil stickiness, reduce tillage resistance, extend the phase of preferably ploughing, increase specific retesion of soil, increase soil fertility, increase crop yield, can also increase soil carbon sequestration quantity.Meanwhile, the method for the present invention is simple and easy to apply, and low cost, effect is substantially lasting, it is easy to which spread is used.

Description

A kind of soil structure improving agent and soil improving method for sticky heavy soil

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural soil fertilization, and in particular relates to a soil structure improver for clay-heavy soil, and also relates to a method for improving the structure of clay-heavy soil by using the soil structure improver.

Background technique

Soil aggregation is an important soil physical property, which affects soil air permeability, water storage capacity, tillability and plant root extension ability, and is an important factor in soil fertility. Clay-heavy soil has strong cohesiveness due to high clay content, and it is easy to form a compact core and block structure inside, and it is difficult to form soil aggregates with loose and porous interior and multi-level agglomeration mechanism, especially large agglomerates larger than 1mm body, which is a major hindrance in many low-yielding fields with heavy texture. Therefore, promoting the formation of large aggregates in clay-heavy soils is an important part of cultivating the fertility of such low-yielding soils.

There are many methods to increase the number of soil macroaggregates, mainly divided into binder method, organic fertilizer method and agronomic method, among which the binder method is the most widely used. In the adhesive method, artificially synthesized polyacrylamide is the most common, and there are many patents and products, but its high cost affects its large-scale application. At the same time, this type of adhesive is not suitable for clay soil. The effects of organic fertilizers and agronomic methods are slow and erratic. The technologies related to this field disclosed in the prior art have the following defects and deficiencies: (1) The process is complicated, such as the modified waste zeolite in "a compound preparation for repairing and improving soil structure and its preparation method (publication number CN106085459A)" It is obtained after the waste catalytic cracking catalyst is calcined, pulverized, and loaded with acid; (2) the composition is complex, such as "a kind of biomass organic fertilizer for improving soil aggregates (public number CN105967783A)" involving flue-cured tobacco leaf powder, bentonite, polymer Aspartic acid, diammonium phosphate, wheat gluten, nickelous sulfate, ferric citrate, crop straw, Elodea, cellulase preparation, protease preparation, capers, water, etc. 13 kinds of ingredients, "one A Soil Conditioner and Preparation Method for Improving Soil Structure (Publication No. CN106085438A)” involves 11 ingredients; (3) There are many artificial chemicals, such as “An organic fertilizer for improving soil structure and its preparation method (Publication No. CN104140318A) "Use urea, ferrous sulfate, calcium hydrogen phosphate, sodium humate, gelatin, manganese sulfate, xanthan gum and other chemicals; (4) The composition of the soil has changed greatly, such as "using biomass ash to quickly improve soil aggregation 1200kg of biomass ash should be applied per mu in the method (publication number CN103918375A) ", which greatly changes the composition of soil inorganic matter. The above-mentioned characteristics lead to limitations in product or technology application to varying degrees.

Therefore, it is necessary to propose a method for improving clay-heavy soil with simple components, simple process, low cost, rapid and long-lasting effect.

Contents of the invention

The present invention starts from avoiding the deficiencies in the prior art, and proposes a soil structure improver with simple components, low cost and simple preparation process for clay-heavy soils, and at the same time provides a method for using the improver to improve the structure of clay-heavy soils method, the method of the present invention can realize the purpose of rapidly and durably increasing the quantity of clay-heavy soil macroaggregates.

One of the technical solutions of the present invention is: a soil structure improver for clay-heavy soil, which is formed by mixing raw materials comprising the following components: biochar particles with a particle size of 1-3mm, equivalent to the biomass Humic acid and/or humate powder in an amount of 4-6% by weight of the carbon particles, and water equivalent to 25-35% by weight of the biomass carbon particles.

In the soil structure improver, the role of biochar particles is as the initial core and skeleton of aggregates, and the role of humic acid is as a cement of soil mineral particles. The combination of the two can quickly promote the formation of soil aggregates. form.

Wherein, the biochar particles are prepared from at least one of rice husks, peanut shells, walnut shells, chestnut shells, cotton stalks, fruit and vegetable prunings, and sawdust. Compared with other raw materials that can be used to prepare biochar particles, such as rice straw, corn straw, wheat straw, etc., the raw material used in the present invention is a plant material rich in lignin, which is hard, dense, and easy to obtain. The prepared biochar particles have the properties of firmness, brittleness, rich pores and easy crushing, and are very suitable for improving sticky and heavy soil.

Preferably, the biochar particles are prepared from rice husks or peanut husks.

The preparation method of the biochar granules specifically includes: taking the raw material of the biochar granules, anaerobically cracking them at 500-600° C. for 1-3 hours, pulverizing, sieving, and taking 1-3 mm diameter particles to obtain the final product.

Alternatively, the biochar particles can also be obtained by purchasing biochar made from the raw material through commercial means, crushing, sieving, and taking 1-3mm particles.

The present invention uses biomass charcoal particles as the main component of the soil improver, which can realize the recycling of agricultural and forestry wastes such as rice husks, peanut shells, walnut shells, chestnut shells, cotton stalks, fruit and vegetable prunings, sawdust, and the source of such materials It is widely used and cheap, and the method for preparing biochar particles using this as a raw material is simple and easy to operate.

Preferably, the humate is sodium humate and/or potassium humate.

The soil structure improver of the present invention contains 25-35% of water. On the one hand, the presence of water can increase the fusion of humic acid and/or humate in the improver, and on the other hand, it can reduce the dust flying during application , which can further improve the effect of soil improvement and ensure the convenience and safety of use.

Further preferably, when the weight of the humic acid and/or humate powder is equivalent to 5.3% of the weight of the biochar particles, and the weight of the water is equivalent to 30% of the weight of the biochar particles, This soil structure improver has the best effect of increasing the number of macroaggregates in clay-heavy soils.

The second technical solution of the present invention is: the application of any one of the above-mentioned soil structure improvers in improving the structure of clay-heavy soil.

The third technical solution of the present invention is: a method for improving soil structure by using any of the above-mentioned soil structure improvers. Use agricultural machinery to turn it into the 0-20cm surface soil.

Preferably, the dosage per mu of the soil structure improver is 2-5 tons.

Further preferably, according to different degrees of soil viscosity, adjusting the dosage of the soil structure improver can achieve the best improvement effect with the most economical dosage, specifically:

When the clay-heavy soil to be improved ≤ 20cm soil layer soil texture is extremely clay, the per-mu dosage of the soil structure improver is 4.5-5 tons;

When the soil texture of the clay-heavy soil ≤ 20cm to be improved is heavy clay, the dosage per mu of the soil structure improver is 2.5-3.5 tons;

When the clay-heavy soil to be improved is ≤ 20cm and the soil texture is medium or light clay, the amount per mu of the soil structure improver is 2 to 3 tons;

When the clay-heavy soil to be improved is ≤ 20 cm and the soil texture is medium or heavy loam, the dosage per mu of the soil structure improver is 1.5-2.5 tons.

Wherein, the definition of extremely clay, heavy clay, medium or light clay, medium or heavy loam in the present invention refers to the definition in "Chinese Soil Texture Classification" (1996) edited by Deng Shiqin, that is: the definition of described extremely clay It is: the soil with medium and fine clay (<0.001mm) content > 60%; the heavy clay is defined as: the soil with medium and fine clay (<0.001mm) content in the range of 40-60%; the medium or The definition of light clay is: the soil with medium and fine clay (<0.001mm) content of 30-40%; the definition of the medium or heavy loam is: medium and fine clay (<0.001mm) content<30%, coarse powder Soil with grain (0.05-0.01mm) content ≥ 40%.

The method for improving soil structure of the present invention can increase the number of large soil aggregates, increase soil permeability, reduce soil viscosity, reduce tillage resistance, prolong the suitable tillage period, increase soil water holding capacity, improve soil fertility, and increase crop yield. It also increases the amount of soil carbon sequestered. Simultaneously, the method of the present invention is simple and easy to implement, low in cost, obviously and durable in effect, and easy to popularize and use in a large area.

On the basis of conforming to common knowledge in the field, the above-mentioned preferred conditions can be combined with each other to obtain preferred examples of the present invention.

The raw materials and reagents involved in the present invention can be obtained commercially.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the result figure of effect experiment example 1;

Fig. 2 is the result figure of effect experiment example 2;

Fig. 3 is the improved soil in effect experiment example 1;

Fig. 4 is the improved soil in effect experiment example 2.

detailed description

The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The operations involved in the embodiments are all conventional technical operations in the art unless otherwise specified;

Example 1

A soil conditioner consisting of the following components by weight:

Biochar (prepared from peanut shells) 2000g

Sodium Humate 106g

600g tap water

This embodiment provides the preparation method of above-mentioned soil conditioner simultaneously, comprises the steps:

1) Take 10kg of dried peanut shells and place them in a carbonization furnace, and conduct anaerobic carbonization treatment at 550°C for 2 hours to obtain 3.2kg of biochar;

2) Pulverize the above-mentioned biochar with a pulverizer, pass through 3mm and 1mm sieves respectively, and keep 1-3mm particles for later use;

3) Pour 106g of commercial sodium humate powder into 600mL tap water, mix well, and make humic acid suspension;

4) Take 2000g of 1-3mm biochar particles, add 600mL of humic acid suspension, mix well, and you get it.

Example 2

A soil conditioner consisting of the following components by weight:

Biochar (prepared from rice husk) 5t

Sodium humate 212kg

Tap water 1200kg

This embodiment provides the preparation method of above-mentioned soil conditioner simultaneously, comprises the steps:

1) Buy 5 tons of rice husk biomass carbon, pulverize it with a pulverizer, pass through 3mm and 1mm sieves respectively, and keep 1-3mm particles for later use;

2) Pour 212kg of commercial sodium humate powder into 1200L tap water, mix well, and make humic acid suspension;

3) Take 4t of 1-3mm biochar particles, add humic acid suspension 1200L, mix evenly, and you get it.

Effect experiment example 1

experimental method:

(1) Get through air-dried middle clay, cross 1mm sieve, take by weighing 4 parts, every part of 500 grams;

(2) In 4 parts of soil samples, add respectively 0, 3.36, 6.72, 10.08 gram of biochar humic acid preparations (i.e. soil structure improver) of embodiment 1, consumption is respectively control, 50% optimal amount, optimal amount, 150% optimal amount. The optimum amount is equivalent to 2.5 tons/mu.

(3) Spread the above four soil samples separately, spray each with 150ml of tap water, mix well, put them into four 1000ml beakers respectively, and compress the volume to 360ml (the bulk density is about 1.4g/cm3).

(4) The above soil samples were alternately dried and wetted 5 times.

Experimental results:

After the cultivation, the number of soil aggregates > 1 mm was measured, and the results are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 .

It can be seen from Figure 1 that the proportion of >1mm aggregates can exceed 1/3 of the total soil amount, reaching 36%, which is 1.73 times that of no amendment (control treatment), and the effect is remarkable. However, after the reduction (0.5 optimal amount) was added, the proportion of >1mm aggregates was only 27.8%, which was 1.3 times that of the control, and the effect was not significant. Excessive (1.5 optimum) addition has no further effect, and Figure 3 shows the improved soil morphology.

Effect experiment example 2

The effect was verified on a sandy ginger black soil in northern Anhui. After testing, the soil surface 20cm soil was heavy loam.

experimental method:

(1) Divide the experimental plot into 12 plots, each plot is 100m ² , which are control (amount of 0), 0.5 optimal amount (amount of 1.5kg/m2), optimal amount (amount of 3.0kg/m ^{2 )} ) and 1.5 optimal amount (amount of 4.5kg/m2). The optimum amount is 2.0 tons/mu. Each treatment was replicated in triplicate for a total of 2.7 tons with the modified dose.

(2) The verification started from the sowing of summer corn in June 2015, and the harvest of summer corn in early October 2016 ended. During this period, one season of winter wheat and two seasons of summer corn were produced. The production method is carried out according to the local conventional operation method.

Experimental results: In October 2016, 0-20cm soil was taken to test the number of large soil aggregates. The results are shown in Figure 2 and Figure 4.

It can be seen from Figure 2 that: according to the optimal amount of the preparation, the proportion of >1mm aggregates can reach 32% of the total soil, which is 2.13 times that of no preparation (control treatment), and the effect is remarkable. After the reduction (optimum amount of 0.5) was added, the proportion of >1mm aggregates was only 21.6%, which was 1.4 times that of the control, and the effect was not significant. Excessive (1.5 optimal amount) addition has a tendency to decrease instead, and Figure 4 shows the soil morphology after improvement.

Although, the present invention has been described in detail with general description, specific implementation and test above, but on the basis of the present invention, some modifications or improvements can be made to it, which will be obvious to those skilled in the art . Therefore, the modifications or improvements made on the basis of not departing from the spirit of the present invention all belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of soil conditioner for heavy soil, it is characterised in that：By the raw material mixing including following component Into：The biomass carbon particle of particle diameter 1-3mm, equivalent to the humic acid and/or humic acid of the biomass carbon particle weight 4-6% Salt powder, equivalent to the water of the biomass carbon particle weight 25-35%.

2. soil conditioner according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The biomass carbon particle be with rice husk, It is at least one for raw material is prepared in peanut shell, walnut shell, chestnut shell, cotton stem, fruits and vegetables beta pruning, sawdust.

3. soil conditioner according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The biomass carbon particle be with rice husk or Peanut shell is prepared for raw material.

4. the soil conditioner according to Claims 2 or 3, it is characterised in that：The preparation of the biomass carbon particle Method is：The raw material of the biomass carbon particle is taken, in 500-600 DEG C of anaerobism cracking 1-3h, is crushed, sieving takes 1-3mm particle diameters Particle, obtains final product.

5. soil conditioner according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The humate be sodium humate and/ Or humic acid potassium.

6. soil conditioner according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：In the soil conditioner, corruption is planted The weight of acid and/or humate powder equivalent to the 5.3% of the biomass carbon particle weight, the weight of the water equivalent to The 30% of the biomass carbon particle weight.

7. application of the soil conditioner described in any one of claim 1-6 in heavy soil structure is improved.

8. a kind of method of the soil conditioner improved soil structure described in utilization claim any one of 1-6, its feature It is：The soil conditioner is uniformly sprinkling upon the surface of heavy soil to be improved, 0- is ploughed under using farm implements 20cm topsoils, you can.

9. method according to claim 8, it is characterised in that：The mu consumption of the soil conditioner is 2-5 tons.

10. method according to claim 9, it is characterised in that：When heavy soil to be improved≤20cm soil layer soil textures For it is very viscous native when, the mu consumption of the soil conditioner is 4.5~5 tons；

When it is rich clay to improve heavy soil≤20cm soil layers soil texture, the mu consumption of the soil conditioner is 2.5~3.5 tons；

When in improveing heavy soil≤20cm soil layer soil textures and being or during light clay, the mu of the soil conditioner is used Measure is 2~3 tons；

In heavy soil to be improved≤20cm soil layer soil textures are or heavy loam, the mu of the soil conditioner is used Measure is 1.5~2.5 tons.