CN116649038A - A method of using desulfurized gypsum to improve saline-alkali land - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of improving saline-alkali land, and discloses a method for improving saline-alkali land by using desulfurized gypsum, which includes the following steps: step 1: spraying a compound microbial bacterial agent on the surface of saline-alkali land, and plowing once; step 2: mixing desulfurized gypsum and humus Mix according to the mass ratio of 1:3, spread evenly on the surface of saline-alkali ground, and carry out second plowing; Step 3: Mix the modified plant fiber, natural mineral powder and slow-release agent according to the mass ratio of 1:1:0.2, spread and spread On the surface of the saline-alkali land, plowing is carried out three times; Step 4: leveling the soil, flooding, fertilizing and spraying straw fermentation powder. The present invention plows the soil three times, and sequentially adds compound microbial bacterial agent, desulfurized gypsum, humus, modified plant fiber and natural mineral powder, which can adjust the physical and chemical environment of the soil, enhance the advantage of crop resistance to disease, increase the yield of crops, and improve the soil The role of aggregate structure, so that the improvement of saline-alkali land is more significant.

Description

A method of using desulfurized gypsum to improve saline-alkali land

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali land improvement, in particular to a method for improving saline-alkali land by using desulfurized gypsum.

Background technique

Soil salinization has a relatively large damage to the physical and chemical properties of the soil, which is extremely unfavorable to the growth of many crops, and it is easy to cause the lack of seedlings or death of crops, thus hindering the development of agricultural economy. Due to the high salt content, low organic mass and high pH in saline-alkali land, the soil humus is leached and the soil structure is damaged. It is sticky when wet and hard when dry. There is often white salt accumulation on the soil surface, and poor ventilation and water permeability. Severe cases can cause plant wilting, poisoning and root rot to die. In today's increasingly tense land resources, the development and utilization of large areas of saline-alkali wasteland and the prevention and control of soil salinization have become important issues affecting the sustainable development of my country's economy and society.

At present, using desulfurization gypsum to improve saline-alkali land is one of the most common means. Survival rate, root activity, photosynthesis and water use efficiency, yield and quality have significant effects, but the physicochemical ability, water and fertilizer retention ability of saline-alkali soil improved only by desulfurization gypsum is still poor, and it cannot degrade pesticide residues, fertilizers, etc. The utilization rate of the plant is low, resulting in an insignificant increase in crop yield.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali land by using desulfurized gypsum, which solves the problem that the physicochemical ability, water retention and fertilizer retention ability of saline-alkali soil improved only by desulfurization gypsum are still poor, and pesticide residues cannot be degraded. The utilization rate of fertilizer is low, which leads to the problem of insignificant increase in crop yield.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a method for improving saline-alkali land by utilizing desulfurized gypsum, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Spray the compound microbial agent on the surface of the saline-alkali land, plow the soil once, the plowing depth is 10-15cm, and keep it for 10-15 days;

Step 2: Mix desulfurized gypsum and humus at a mass ratio of 1:3, spread evenly on the surface of the saline-alkali ground, and plow the soil twice to a depth of 20-25cm, then spray loose water-retaining agent on the surface to keep 3- 5 days;

Step 3: Mix the modified plant fiber, natural mineral powder and slow-release agent in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.2, spread evenly on the surface of the saline-alkali ground, plow the soil three times, and keep it for 5-8 days;

Step 4: Use a leveler to level the soil after three plowings, and then perform flood irrigation on the soil to make the soil moisture after flood irrigation 60%-80%, then apply nitrogen fertilizer to the soil, and spray straw on the surface for fermentation after completion Powder, keep it for 15-25 days.

Preferably, the preparation step of the compound microbial bacterial agent in said step 1 is to take 20-30% of Bacillus subtilis, 15-25% of photosynthetic bacteria, 10-20% of lactic acid bacteria, 5-8% of saccharomyces, and double 12-18% of mycobacteria and 12-20% of nitrogen-fixing bacteria are mixed, and 3% of the total mass of montmorillonite and 2% of gelatin are added for fermentation. The fermentation temperature is 30-35°C, and the fermentation time is 5-8h. The bacterial solution is put into a centrifuge for centrifugation and the bacterial cells are collected to obtain a composite microbial bacterial agent.

Preferably, the preparation step of the humus in the step 2 is to mix the sludge salvaged from the bottom of the river with tap water, then add 1-2% alum to the mixed solution for sufficient stirring, and then let it stand for 10- After 12 hours, the upper layer of sewage was emptied, and the sludge activated substance precipitated at the bottom was taken, and the heavy metals in the sludge activated substance were adsorbed by the biosorption method, and then an equal amount of dried dead leaves were added to carry out the dehydration at 25-30°C. Sealed fermentation under conditions, the fermentation period is 30-50 days.

Preferably, the loose water-retaining agent in the second step is composed of grass fiber, peanut shell and zeolite, and the mass ratio of grass fiber, peanut shell and zeolite is 3:1:2.

Preferably, the preparation step of the modified plant fiber in the step three is firstly crushing plant materials such as broad-leaved sawdust, corncob core, rapeseed cake, bran, etc. Soak in the solution for 2-3h, then add the epichlorohydrin parent derivative of epoxy quaternary ammonium salt for 20-30min modification treatment, and finally put it into a high-speed centrifuge for centrifugation, then put it into a grinder for grinding, and pass 80 -100 mesh sieve to obtain modified plant fiber.

The preparation step of the natural mineral powder in the step 3 is to cut the jade containing SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, Fe2O3, CaO, strontium, zinc, chromium, manganese and put it into a Raymond mill for grinding and use a 150-mesh Sieve through a sieve to obtain mineral powder, then put it into a drying box to heat and dry for 4-6 hours, then put it into an ultrafine grinder for grinding, and use airflow to sieve to obtain natural mineral powder with a particle size of 600 mesh to 800 mesh.

Preferably, the sustained-release agent in the third step is one or more of lecithin, sodium alginate, cyclomaltoheptaose, borax, vegetable oil and zinc sulfate heptahydrate.

Preferably, the preparation step of the straw fermentation powder in the step 4 is to take the wheat straw and spread it in the air, put it into a pulverizer after drying and pulverize it, then put the pulverized straw into a sealed tank, and add a starter and clear water Stir evenly to make it fully mixed. The weight ratio of clear water and straw is 2:1. After the mixing is completed, seal and ferment at 20-30°C for 15-20 days to obtain straw fermentation powder.

The invention provides a method for improving saline-alkali land by using desulfurized gypsum. Has the following beneficial effects:

The present invention plows the soil three times, and sequentially adds compound microbial agents, desulfurized gypsum, humus, modified plant fiber and natural mineral powder, wherein the compound microbial agents can adjust the physical and chemical environment of the soil, and provide excellent water retention, Fertilizer and activated soil nutrient retention ability, enhance crop disease resistance advantages, desulfurization gypsum combined with humus can degrade pesticide residues, and improve crop yield, modified plant fiber and natural mineral powder can enhance disease resistance and stress resistance Various minerals can increase the utilization rate of fertilizers, improve the structure of soil aggregates, and promote the ability of plant roots to absorb, transport, store and transform nutrients, thus making the improvement of saline-alkali land more significant.

Detailed ways

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

Embodiment one:

This embodiment provides a method for improving saline-alkali land by using desulfurized gypsum, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Spray the compound microbial agent on the surface of the saline-alkali land, plow the soil once to a depth of 15cm, and keep it for 15 days;

Step 2: Mix desulfurized gypsum and humus at a mass ratio of 1:3, spread evenly on the surface of the saline-alkali ground, and plow the soil a second time to a depth of 20 cm, then spray loose water-retaining agent on the surface and keep it for 5 days;

Step 3: Mix the modified plant fiber, natural mineral powder and slow-release agent in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.2, spread evenly on the surface of the saline-alkali ground, plow the soil three times, and keep it for 5 days;

Step 4: Use a leveler to level the soil after three plowings, then flood the soil to make the soil moisture after flood irrigation 70%, then apply nitrogen fertilizer to the soil, and spray straw fermentation powder on the surface after completion to maintain 25 days later.

The preparation step of the composite microbial bacterial agent in step 1 is to take 20-30% of Bacillus subtilis, 15-25% of photosynthetic bacteria, 10-20% of lactic acid bacteria, 5-8% of saccharomyces, and 12-18% of bifidobacteria according to the mass percentage. % and nitrogen-fixing bacteria 12-20%, then add 3% montmorillonite and 2% gelatin for fermentation, the fermentation temperature is 30-35°C, and the fermentation time is 5-8h. Centrifuge in the machine and collect the bacteria to obtain the composite microbial agent.

The preparation step of humus in step 2 is to mix the sludge salvaged from the bottom of the river with tap water, then add 1-2% alum to the mixed solution for full stirring, and then let it stand for 10-12 hours after completion, and then empty it For the upper sewage, the activated sludge precipitated at the bottom is taken, and the heavy metals in the activated sludge are adsorbed by the biosorption method, and then an equal amount of dried dead leaves are added to carry out sealed fermentation at 25-30°C. The fermentation period is 30-50 days.

In the second step, the loose water-retaining agent is composed of grass fiber, peanut shell and zeolite, and the mass ratio of grass fiber, peanut shell and zeolite is 3:1:2.

The preparation step of the modified plant fiber in the step 3 is first to crush the plant materials such as broad-leaved sawdust, corncob core, rapeseed cake, bran, etc., and then soak 2- 3h, then add the epichlorohydrin parent derivative of epoxy quaternary ammonium salt for 20-30min modification treatment, finally put it into a high-speed centrifuge for centrifugation, then put it into a grinder for grinding, pass through a 80-100 mesh sieve, A modified plant fiber is obtained.

The preparation step of the natural mineral powder in the step 3 is to cut the jade containing SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, Fe2O3, CaO, strontium, zinc, chromium, manganese and put it into a Raymond mill for grinding and use a 150 mesh sieve to carry out Sieve to obtain mineral powder, then put it into a drying box to heat and dry for 4-6 hours, then put it into an ultrafine grinder for grinding, and use airflow to sieve to obtain natural mineral powder with a particle size of 600 mesh to 800 mesh.

The sustained-release agent in step three is one or more of lecithin, sodium alginate, cyclomaltoheptaose, borax, vegetable oil and zinc sulfate heptahydrate.

The preparation step of the straw fermentation powder in step 4 is to take the wheat straw and spread it in the air, put it into a pulverizer after drying, and then put the crushed straw into a sealed tank, add a starter and water and stir it evenly to make it Fully mix, the weight ratio of clear water and straw is 2:1, after mixing, seal and ferment at 20-30°C for 15-20 days to obtain straw fermentation powder.

Embodiment two:

This embodiment provides a method for improving saline-alkali land by using desulfurized gypsum, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Spray the compound microbial agent on the surface of the saline-alkali land, plow the soil once to a depth of 10cm, and keep it for 10 days;

Step 2: Sprinkle the desulfurized gypsum evenly on the surface of the saline-alkali ground, plow the soil a second time, the plowing depth is 20cm, and then spray the loose water-retaining agent on the surface and keep it for 3 days;

Step 3: Mix the modified plant fiber, natural mineral powder and slow-release agent in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.2, spread evenly on the surface of the saline-alkali ground, plow the soil three times, and keep it for 5-8 days;

Step 4: Use a leveler to level the soil after three plowings, and then perform flood irrigation on the soil to make the soil moisture after flood irrigation 60%-80%, then apply nitrogen fertilizer to the soil, and spray straw on the surface for fermentation after completion Powder, keep it for 15-25 days.

Embodiment three:

This embodiment provides a method for improving saline-alkali land by using desulfurized gypsum, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Spray the compound microbial agent on the surface of the saline-alkali land, and plow the soil once to a depth of 10 cm, and keep it for 5 days;

Step 2: Mix desulfurized gypsum and humus at a mass ratio of 1:3, spread evenly on the surface of the saline-alkali ground, plow the soil a second time to a depth of 25 cm, and then spray loose water-retaining agent on the surface for 3 days;

Step 3: Mix the natural mineral powder and the slow-release agent at a mass ratio of 1:0.2, spread evenly on the surface of the saline-alkali ground, plow the soil three times, and keep it for 5 days;

Step 4: Use a leveler to level the soil after three plowings, then flood the soil to make the soil moisture after flood irrigation 60%, then apply nitrogen fertilizer to the soil, and spray straw fermentation powder on the surface after completion to maintain 15 days later.

Embodiment four:

This embodiment provides a method for improving saline-alkali land by using desulfurized gypsum, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Spray the compound microbial agent on the surface of the saline-alkali land, plow the soil once to a depth of 10cm, and keep it for 10 days;

Step 2: Mix desulfurized gypsum and humus at a mass ratio of 1:3, spread evenly on the surface of the saline-alkali ground, plow the soil a second time to a depth of 25 cm, and then spray loose water-retaining agent on the surface for 3 days;

Step 3: Mix the modified plant fiber and the slow-release agent at a mass ratio of 1:0.2, spread evenly on the surface of the saline-alkali ground, plow the soil three times, and keep it for 5 days;

Step 4: Use a leveler to level the soil after three plowings, then flood the soil to make the soil moisture after flood irrigation 80%, then apply nitrogen fertilizer to the soil, and spray straw fermentation powder on the surface after completion to maintain 25 days later.

Experimental example:

Get the untreated saline-alkali land as a control group, and the saline-alkali land after processing in Example 1, 2, 34 as an experimental group, select the No. 38 wheat variety of Jimai and the 16 soybean variety of Kenfeng to cultivate as the experimental targets, and carry out conventional planting and fertilization treatments. After a period of time, record the indicators of the two crops, take the average value, and draw the following table.

As can be seen from the above table, compared with the control group, the indicators of wheat and soybean in Examples 1 to 4 are far higher than those of the control group. Compared with Example 1, Example 2 does not mix humus when spreading desulfurization gypsum , each index all declines to some extent, and its reason is that each trace element in humus can degrade the residue of pesticide, and has the effect of increasing crop yield, improving the quality of agricultural products, taste, compared with embodiment one, embodiment three lacks improvement Sexual plant fiber, the number of grains per spike and grain yield of wheat, and the stem diameter of soybean all decline to some extent. The reason is that plant fiber can enhance disease resistance, stress resistance and increase soil fertility. Compared with embodiment one , the lack of natural mineral powder, the indicators of wheat and soybeans are still declining, the reason is that various minerals in natural minerals can improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, improve the role of soil aggregate structure, and promote the absorption of nutrients by plant roots , transportation, storage and transformation capabilities.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, those skilled in the art can understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principle and spirit of the present invention. and modifications, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (8)

1. A method utilizing desulfurized gypsum to improve saline-alkali land, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps: Step 1: Spray the compound microbial agent on the surface of the saline-alkali land, plow the soil once, the plowing depth is 10-15cm, and keep it for 10-15 days; Step 2: Mix desulfurized gypsum and humus at a mass ratio of 1:3, spread evenly on the surface of the saline-alkali ground, and plow the soil twice to a depth of 20-25cm, then spray loose water-retaining agent on the surface to keep 3- 5 days; Step 3: Mix the modified plant fiber, natural mineral powder and slow-release agent in a mass ratio of 1:1:0.2, spread evenly on the surface of the saline-alkali ground, plow the soil three times, and keep it for 5-8 days; Step 4: Use a leveler to level the soil after three plowings, and then perform flood irrigation on the soil to make the soil moisture after flood irrigation 60%-80%, then apply nitrogen fertilizer to the soil, and spray straw on the surface for fermentation after completion Powder, keep it for 15-25 days. 2. a kind of method utilizing desulfurization gypsum to improve saline-alkali land according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the preparation step of compound microbial inoculant in the described step 1 is to get Bacillus subtilis part 20-30% by mass percentage, photosynthetic 15-25% of bacteria, 10-20% of lactic acid bacteria, 5-8% of yeast, 12-18% of bifidobacteria and 12-20% of nitrogen-fixing bacteria are mixed, and then 3% of total mass of montmorillonite and 2% of gelatin are added for fermentation , the fermentation temperature is 30-35° C., and the fermentation time is 5-8 hours. After the completion, the fermentation liquid is put into a centrifuge to centrifuge and collect the bacteria to obtain a composite microbial agent. 3. A method of utilizing desulfurized gypsum to improve saline-alkali land according to claim 1, wherein the preparation step of humus in said step 2 is to mix the sludge salvaged from the bottom of the river with tap water, and then to the mixed solution Add 1-2% of alum in the mixture for full stirring, and let it stand for 10-12 hours after completion, then empty the upper layer of sewage, take the sludge activated matter precipitated at the bottom, and use the biosorption method to remove the heavy metals in the sludge activated matter Adsorption, followed by adding an equal amount of dried dead leaves, and carrying out sealed fermentation under the condition of 25-30° C., the fermentation period is 30-50 days. 4. A method for improving saline-alkali land by using desulfurized gypsum according to claim 1, wherein the loose water-retaining agent in said step 2 is composed of grass fiber, peanut shell and zeolite, and said grass fiber, peanut shell and zeolite The mass ratio is 3:1:2. 5. a kind of method utilizing desulfurized gypsum to improve saline-alkali land according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the preparation step of modified plant fiber in described step 3 is at first hardwood sawdust, corncob core, rapeseed cake , bran and other plant materials are crushed, then soaked in a sodium hydroxide solution with a concentration of 5-8% for 2-3 hours, and then added epichlorohydrin parent derivatives of epoxy quaternary ammonium salts for 20-30min modification treatment, Finally, put it into a high-speed centrifuge for centrifugation, put it into a grinder for grinding, pass through a 80-100 mesh sieve, and obtain the modified plant fiber. 6. A method for improving saline-alkali land using desulfurized gypsum according to claim 1, wherein the preparation step of natural mineral powder in said step 3 is to contain SiO2, Al2O3, MgO, Fe2O3, CaO, strontium, Zinc, chromium, and manganese jade are cut and ground in a Raymond mill, and then sieved with a 150-mesh sieve to obtain ore powder, then put in a drying box for heating and drying for 4-6 hours, and then put into an ultra-fine grinder Grinding, sieving by airflow to obtain natural mineral powder with a particle size of 600 mesh to 800 mesh. 7. a kind of method utilizing desulfurization gypsum to improve saline-alkali land according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the sustained-release agent in described step 3 is lecithin, sodium alginate, cyclomaltoheptaose, borax, vegetable oil and seven One or more of zinc sulfate in water. 8. A method of using desulfurized gypsum to improve saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that, the preparation step of straw fermentation powder in said step 4 is to take wheat straw and lay it flat to dry, and put it into a pulverizer after drying Crush, then put the crushed straw into a sealed tank, add starter and clean water and stir to make it fully mixed, the weight ratio of clean water and straw is 2:1, after the mixing is completed, put it under the condition of 20-30°C Seal and ferment for 15-20 days to obtain straw fermentation powder.