CN105057305B - The broken slurrying of kitchen garbage continous way and the integrating device of component sorting - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an integrated device for continuous crushing, pulping and component sorting of kitchen waste, which includes a main drive device, a feed oil extraction device connected in sequence, a main bearing at the feed end, a crushing chamber, and a main shaft at the discharge end. Bearings, discharge and sorting devices, and the main drive device provide the power required for the operation of the crushing chamber. The advantages of the present invention are: the device of the present invention adopts the processing mode of preliminary oil extraction, first crushing, and then sorting, with simple process flow and high processing efficiency; the feeding oil extraction device realizes the transportation and preliminary oil extraction of kitchen waste; adopts special The dodecahedron designed for food waste is used as a crushing body, and it performs projectile motion in the crushing chamber that decelerates and rotates to crush and grind the raw materials. The crushing effect is good, the pulping efficiency is high, and it is not easy to entangle; Effective separation of impurities and organic matter slurry. The entire device has a reasonable design and high integration, and can realize the continuous operation of food waste crushing, pulping and component sorting.

Description

Integrated device for continuous crushing, pulping and component separation of food waste

technical field

The invention relates to the field of kitchen waste treatment, in particular to an integrated device for continuous crushing, pulping and component sorting of kitchen waste.

Background technique

Food waste is the main part of food waste, including kitchen waste and food residues generated by families, school canteens and catering industries. Its composition is very complex, mainly a mixture of oil, water, fruit peels, vegetables, rice noodles, fish, meat, bones, waste tableware, plastics, paper towels and other substances. With the improvement of people's living standards in our country and the development of the catering industry, the amount of kitchen waste is huge and showing an increasing trend. The water content of food waste is high, up to 80%-95%; its salt and organic matter content is high, rich in protein, cellulose, starch, fat and other organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and various trace elements, with recycling value of use. However, food waste is extremely perishable, degenerate, smelly, breeds mosquitoes, and contains pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic microorganisms. If it is not treated in time, it will easily cause diseases or cause harm to the environment. Food waste has the duality of significant hazards and resources. In recent years, my country has begun to promote the pilot city project of food waste resource treatment, which has been extended to the fifth batch of pilot cities. Rapid biological treatment of organic matter in kitchen waste to produce feed or fertilizer, or anaerobic fermentation of organic matter to produce biogas, waste water fermentation to produce biogas or recycling after biological treatment, and the use of oil to produce biodiesel is a relatively common technical solution at present. Due to the complex composition of food waste, it must be pretreated when applying the above scheme, mainly including component sorting and crushing and pulping. Pretreatment technology and equipment are the focus and difficulty of the resourceful treatment of kitchen waste.

Food waste has a high viscosity, and organic matter and impurities, such as plastic bags, glass, and metal, adhere to each other. Common sorting methods, such as screening, winnowing, and magnetic separation, are not ideal. For the crushing and pulping of food waste, blade crushers, double-shaft screw crushers or hammer mills are mostly used at present, but there are phenomena such as incomplete crushing, easy wear and entanglement, and easy jamming of equipment. In the pretreatment process, the technical scheme of sorting first and then crushing is mainly adopted at present. The equipment integration is not high, and the production is not continuous. Often, the entire production is shut down due to a problem with one equipment, and the production efficiency is low.

Chinese invention patent CN102716792A discloses a crushing and screening integrated sorting machine, which is characterized in that the crushing cylinder, screening cylinder and discharge cylinder are connected in sequence, and the three cylinders are in a straight line, and there are double stirring and crushing shafts that rotate in the crushing cylinder , There are sieve holes and spraying devices in the screening cylinder, which can realize the flow from the inlet to the outlet, non-stop operation mode, and high operating efficiency. However, there are problems that the stirring shaft is easy to wear when it is broken and encounters hard objects, and it is easy to be entangled when it encounters light objects, and the drum sieve is not completely screened.

Chinese invention patent CN103586109A discloses a device for crushing, pulping and sorting food waste, which is characterized in that at least two rows of movable steel hammers are arranged on the central axis of the device, which reduces the degree of mechanical wear, and a fan is provided to discharge light that cannot be crushed. For materials, a sieve plate is installed at the bottom of the device to discharge the slurry at the same time. The device has a simple structure and realizes crushing and sorting at the same time. However, there are problems such as that the steel hammer is easy to be entangled, and light materials are difficult to discharge through the fan.

Contents of the invention

The present invention aims at problems such as poor impurity separation effect, incomplete organic matter crushing, easy entanglement and blockage of equipment, low integration and difficulty in achieving continuous and efficient operation in the existing kitchen waste pretreatment technology, and proposes a kitchen waste An integrated device for continuous crushing, pulping and component separation, which can realize the continuous and efficient process of preliminary oil extraction, crushing and pulping, and component separation of food waste.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: an integrated device for continuous crushing, pulping and component sorting of kitchen waste, including a main drive device, a feed oil extraction device connected in sequence, a main bearing at the feed end, and a crushing chamber , the main bearing at the discharge end, the discharge and sorting device, and the main drive device provide the power required for the operation of the crushing chamber;

The feed oil extraction device is composed of an unloading bin at the top and a shaftless screw press conveyor I installed horizontally in the middle; the shaftless screw press conveyor I includes a shaftless screw blade I installed horizontally from top to bottom, The oil-water filter screen and the oil-water collection bin are composed of an oil-water outlet at the bottom of the oil-water collection bin;

The crushing chamber is composed of a feed end cover, a cylinder body, a discharge end cover and crushed bodies freely stacked inside the cylinder body. The center of the feed end cover is welded with a hollow journal of the feed end, and the discharge end cover is The center of the cover is welded with a hollow journal at the discharge end; the crushed body is a dodecahedron specially designed for food waste raw materials with a side length of 40-60 mm, two ends are quadrangular pyramids, and the middle is a cube. The material is wear-resistant alloy cast iron; the crushing body is designed to facilitate the crushing of impurities in kitchen waste and the grinding of organic matter;

The main bearings of the main bearing at the feed end and the main bearing at the discharge end are self-aligning sliding bearings; one end of the crushing chamber is fixed on the main bearing at the feed end through a hollow journal at the feed end, and the other end is The hollow journal at the end is fixed on the main bearing of the discharge end; the main bearing of the discharge end is connected with a discharge port, and the discharge port is connected with the discharge and sorting device;

The discharge and sorting device is composed of a shaftless screw press conveying device II, a spray device and a drive motor; the shaftless screw press conveying device II is composed of a shaftless screw blade II and a slurry filter, and is provided by a drive motor. power;

The main driving device drives the crushing chamber to rotate at reduced speed; the cylinder drives the crushed body to perform projectile motion.

The feed oil extraction device is connected to the crushing chamber through the main bearing at the feed end, and the outlet of the crushing chamber is connected to the discharge and sorting device through the main bearing at the discharge end, and the main drive device provides the power required for the operation of the crushing chamber. The main bearings of the feed end main bearing and the discharge end main bearing are self-aligning sliding bearings, which can prevent the bearings from falling off due to the excessive span and load of the crushing chamber. The crushing body decelerates and rotates under the action of the driving device, which drives the crushing body to make a projectile movement in the crushing cavity, and forms a violent collision with the kitchen waste to achieve the effect of crushing and grinding.

The shaftless spiral blade I is inserted into the hollow journal of the feed end and welded and fixed, and is connected by transmission, and rotates together under the drive of the crushing chamber, and the screw feeds; the oil-water filter is a stainless steel filter, and the filter hole line of the filter is The diameter is 0.5-0.7mm.

The diameter of the hollow journal at the feed end is smaller than the diameter of the hollow journal at the discharge end, and the lower end surface of the hollow journal at the feed end is higher than the lower end surface of the hollow journal at the discharge end. The diameter of the hollow journal at the feed end and the hollow journal at the discharge end and the height of the lower end face are set so that the liquid level at the feed end is higher than that at the discharge end to facilitate discharge.

The inside of the end cover of the feed end, the cylinder body and the end cover of the discharge end is laid with a rubber liner; the middle of the cylinder is provided with a manhole, and the filling capacity of the broken body is 25% of the volume of the cylinder ~35%. The rubber liner is used to protect the cylinder body, the end cover of the feed end and the end cover of the discharge end to improve the efficiency of crushing and pulping; the manhole is convenient for regular maintenance and cleaning of the crushing chamber.

The shaftless screw press conveying device II is installed obliquely upward at 45° to the horizontal line. The lower part above it is provided with a large material and light material outlet, and the lower part below it is provided with a slurry outlet; the slurry filter is a stainless steel filter. The diameter of the filter holes of the filter screen is 2-5 mm; the spraying device is composed of uniformly distributed nozzles on the shaftless screw press conveying device II. The organic matter slurry is discharged from the slurry outlet through the slurry filter under the action of gravity, and the large and light substances are lifted by the shaftless screw to the large and light substance outlet, and are continuously washed by the spray device during the lifting process; the spray device It is used to remove the organic matter attached to the large and light matter and increase the content of organic matter in the slurry; the spray medium is the waste water separated from the kitchen waste to achieve the purpose of recycling.

An automatic lifting cover plate and a superheated steam inlet are arranged above the discharge bin.

The main driving device is composed of the main motor, coupling I, reducer, coupling II, pinion and large ring gear; the large ring gear is fixed on the cylinder at the end cover of the discharge end, The gear is meshed with the large ring gear and driven by the main motor.

The advantages of the present invention are: the device of the present invention realizes the process of preliminary oil extraction, first crushing, and then sorting of food waste, simplifies the operation process, realizes the continuous operation of food waste crushing and pulping, and component sorting, and improves the production efficiency of food waste. The efficiency of pretreatment; the shaftless spiral blade I at the feed end is welded and fixed on the hollow journal of the feed end, and is connected by transmission. Driven by the main motor, it runs synchronously with the crushing chamber, and the screw feeds without an additional drive motor, saving energy. The investment in equipment reduces the energy consumption of the device; the crushing cavity rotates at a reduced speed, so that the food waste and the crushed body collide violently in the cavity to achieve efficient crushing and pulping. The inner wall of the crushing cavity is laid with a rubber liner to reduce the friction Abrasion, the crushing body is a specially designed dodecahedron, which can not only crush impurities, but also grind organic matter. Compared with blade type and hammer type, the crushing efficiency is higher and it is not easy to entangle. Its material is durable Grinding alloy cast iron, long service life; the discharge and sorting device realizes the separation of large materials, light materials and slurry, and the spray device is used to remove the organic matter attached to the large material and light material, which can improve the organic matter in the slurry. content, the spray medium is the waste water separated from the kitchen waste, so as to achieve the purpose of recycling.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic flow chart of the food waste recycling process of the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an integrated device for continuous pulping and component sorting of food waste according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the feeding end of the crushing cavity according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the trajectory of the broken body and the shape of the broken body in the crushing cavity according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of the discharge end of the crushing cavity according to the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a discharge and sorting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

The meanings of the reference signs in the figure: 1, unloading bin; 1a, superheated steam inlet; 2, shaftless screw press conveying device I; 2a, shaftless screw blade I; 2b, oil-water filter screen; 2c, oil-water collection bin; 3 , the main bearing of the feed end; 4, the end cover of the feed end; 4a, the hollow journal of the feed end; 5, the cylinder; 5a, the rubber lining; 5b, the manhole; Hollow journal at the discharge end; 7. Broken body; 8. Main bearing at the discharge end; 9. Discharge port; 10. Shaftless screw press conveyor II; 10a. Shaftless screw blade II; 10b. Slurry filter ;10c, large material, light material outlet; 10d, slurry outlet; 11, spraying device; 12, drive motor; 13, main motor; 14, coupling I; 15, reducer; 16, coupling II ; 17, pinion gear; 18, large ring gear.

detailed description

The content of the present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

Example

Referring to Figures 1 to 6, it is an integrated device for continuous crushing, pulping and component sorting of food waste, including a main drive device, a feed oil extraction device connected in sequence, a main bearing at the feed end, a crushing chamber, The main bearing at the discharge end, the discharge and sorting device, and the main drive device provide the power required for the operation of the crushing chamber;

The feed oil extraction device is composed of the unloading bin 1 located above and the shaftless screw press conveying device I2 installed horizontally in the middle; the upper part of the unloading bin 1 is equipped with an automatic lifting cover plate and superheated steam inlet 1a; the shaftless screw press conveying device I2 consists of a shaftless spiral blade I2a installed horizontally from top to bottom, an oil-water filter 2b and an oil-water collection bin 2c, and an oil-water outlet 2d is opened below the oil-water collection bin 2c; the shaftless spiral blade I2a is inserted into the hollow shaft at the feed end The inner part of the neck 4a is welded and fixed, connected by transmission, and rotates together under the drive of the crushing cavity, and feeds in a screw; the oil-water filter 2b is a stainless steel filter, and the filter hole diameter of the filter is 0.5-0.7mm.

Referring to Figure 4, the crushing chamber is composed of the feed end cover 4, the cylinder body 5, the discharge end cover 6 and the broken body 7 freely stacked inside the cylinder body 5, and the center of the feed end cover 4 is welded with the feed end The hollow journal 4a, the center of the end cover 6 at the discharge end is welded with the hollow journal 6a at the discharge end; the crushing body 7 is a dodecahedron specially designed for food waste raw materials with a side length of 40-60mm, and two ends are four Diamond cone type, the middle is a cube shape, and its material is wear-resistant alloy cast iron; the diameter of the hollow journal 4a at the feed end is smaller than the diameter of the hollow journal 6a at the discharge end, and the lower end surface of the hollow journal 4a at the feed end is higher than the diameter of the hollow journal 4a at the discharge end. The lower end surface of the hollow journal 6a at the discharge end. The design of the crushing body 7 is beneficial to the crushing of impurities in the kitchen waste and the grinding of organic matter; the diameter of the hollow journal 4a at the feed end and the hollow journal 6a at the discharge end and the height of the lower end surface are set so that the liquid at the feed end The position is higher than the discharge end to facilitate discharge.

Referring to Figure 5, the main bearings of the main bearing 3 at the feed end and the main bearing 8 at the discharge end are self-aligning sliding bearings; one end of the crushing chamber is fixed on the main bearing 3 at the feed end through the hollow journal 4a at the feed end, and the other One end is fixed on the main bearing 8 of the discharge end through the hollow journal 6a of the discharge end; the main bearing 8 of the discharge end is connected with a discharge port 9, and the discharge port 9 is connected with the discharge sorting device;

The discharge and sorting device is composed of a shaftless screw press conveying device II10, a spraying device 11 and a drive motor 12; the shaftless screw press conveying device II10 is composed of a shaftless spiral blade II10a and a slurry filter screen 10b, and the drive motor 12 provide power;

The main driving device is composed of main motor 13, coupling I14, reducer 15, coupling II16, pinion 17 and large ring gear 18; the large ring gear 18 is fixed on the cylinder body 5 at the end cover 6 of the discharge end Above, the pinion gear 17 meshes with the large ring gear 18 and is driven by the main motor 13 to drive the crushing cavity to rotate at reduced speed; the cylinder body 5 drives the crushing body 7 to perform projectile motion.

The feed oil extraction device is connected to the crushing chamber through the main bearing 3 at the feed end, the outlet of the crushing chamber is connected to the discharge and sorting device through the main bearing 8 at the discharge end, and the main drive device provides the power required for the operation of the crushing chamber. The main bearings of the main bearing 3 at the feed end and the main bearing 8 at the discharge end are self-aligning sliding bearings, which can prevent the bearings from falling off due to the excessive span and load of the crushing chamber. The crushing body 7 decelerates and rotates under the action of the driving device, which drives the crushing body 7 to make a projectile movement in the crushing cavity, and forms a violent collision with the kitchen waste to achieve the effect of crushing and grinding.

The inside of the end cover 4 at the feed end, the cylinder body 5 and the end cover 6 at the discharge end is laid with a rubber liner 5a; the middle part of the cylinder body 5 is provided with a manhole 5b, and the filling capacity of the broken body 7 is 25% of the volume of the cylinder body. %~35%. The rubber liner 5a is used to protect the cylinder body 5, the end cover 4 of the feed end and the end cover 6 of the discharge end to improve the efficiency of crushing and pulping; the manhole 5b is convenient for regular maintenance and cleaning of the crushing chamber.

Referring to Fig. 2 and Fig. 6, the shaftless screw press conveying device II 10 is installed obliquely upward at 45° to the horizontal line, the lower part above it is provided with a large material and light material outlet 10c, and the lower part below it is provided with a slurry outlet 10d; The filter screen 10b is a stainless steel filter screen, and the filter hole line diameter of the filter screen is 2-5mm; the spray device 11 is composed of evenly distributed nozzles on the shaftless screw press conveying device II10. The organic matter slurry is discharged from the slurry outlet 10d through the slurry filter screen 10b under the action of gravity, and the large and light substances are lifted by a shaftless screw to the large and light substance outlet 10c to be discharged. During the lifting process, it is continuously washed by the spray device 11 The spraying device 11 is used to remove the organic matter attached to the large and light matter, and increase the content of organic matter in the slurry; the spraying medium is the waste water separated from the kitchen waste, so as to achieve the purpose of recycling.

The specific flow process of the device of the present invention for processing kitchen waste is as follows:

A. Feed oil extraction stage:

Open the automatic lifting cover above the unloading bin 1, the garbage truck pours the food waste raw materials into the unloading bin 1, close the automatic lifting cover, and pass in superheated steam from the superheated steam inlet 1a to heat the food waste to Facilitate the seepage of oil and water; food waste enters the shaftless screw press conveying device I2 through the outlet below the discharge bin 1, and is pushed forward by the shaftless screw blade I2a screw press, part of the oil and water is filtered out through the oil and water filter 2b, and passes through the bottom of the oil and water collection bin The oil and water outlet 2d is discharged.

B. Crushing and pulping stage:

After the initial oil extraction, the food waste is sent to the crushing chamber by the shaftless helical blade I2a; under the action of the main drive device, the crushing chamber decelerates, and the cylinder 5 drives the crushing body 7 to perform projectile motion in the crushing chamber, and the food waste The kitchen waste collides with each other, crushes the impurities, grinds the organic matter, and controls the speed of the main motor 13 to achieve the best crushing and pulping effect.

C. Nesting and sorting stage:

When the mixed liquid in the crushing cavity reaches the liquid level of the discharge port, the discharge starts. The mixed liquid enters the discharge and sorting device through the discharge port 9, and is lifted by the shaftless spiral blade II 10a. Under the action of gravity, the organic matter slurry is filtered out through the slurry filter screen 10b and discharged at the slurry outlet 10d; the mixed liquid The large and light substances in the mixed liquid are lifted by the shaftless spiral blade II 10a, washed by the spray device 11, and discharged from the large and light substance outlet 10c at the upper end; In the cavity, it is enough to clean through the manhole 5b during the equipment maintenance cycle.

D. Raw material advanced processing stage:

The oil-water mixture discharged from the feed oil extraction stage can be separated by an oil-water separator; the slurry discharged from the discharge and sorting stage can be separated from solid organic matter, oil and water by a three-phase separator.

E. Raw material and impurity utilization stage:

Solid organic matter in kitchen waste can be used as raw material for anaerobic fermentation to prepare biogas; oil can be used to prepare biodiesel or other chemical products; wastewater in this device can be recycled as spray medium after biological treatment; other magazines such as plastics, Glass and iron products, etc. can be used as building materials.

The above detailed description is a specific description of the feasible embodiment of the present invention. This embodiment is not used to limit the patent scope of the present invention. Any equivalent implementation or change that does not deviate from the present invention should be included in the patent scope of this case. middle.

Claims (6)

1. the integrating device of the broken slurrying of kitchen garbage continous way and component sorting, including main drive and it is sequentially connected Charging oil extraction plant, feed end base bearing, crusher chamber, exhaust end base bearing, discharge sorting unit, it is characterised in that：

The charging oil extraction plant squeezes conveying device by the shaftless screw that discharge bin (1) above and middle part are horizontally mounted I (2) is constituted；Shaftless screw squeezes conveying device I (2) includes the Shaftless spiral blade I being horizontally mounted that is distributed from top to bottom (2a), profit filter screen (2b) and profit collecting bin (2c), offer profit outlet (2d) below profit collecting bin (2c)；

The crusher chamber is by feed end end cap (4), cylinder (5), exhaust end end cap (6) and is freely deposited in cylinder (5) inside Broken body (7) composition, feed end end cap (4) center weld has the hollow axle journal of feed end (4a), exhaust end end cap (6) center weld There is the hollow axle journal of exhaust end (6a)；The broken body (7) be specific to kitchen garbage raw material design and its length of side be 40~ The dodecahedron of 60mm, two ends are that four water chestnuts are tapered, and centre is square build, and its material is antiwear cast iron alloy；

The base bearing of the feed end base bearing (3) and exhaust end base bearing (8) is automatic aligning sliding bearing；The crusher chamber One end be fixed on feed end base bearing (3) by the hollow axle journal of feed end (4a), the other end pass through the hollow axle journal of exhaust end (6a) is fixed on exhaust end base bearing (8)；The exhaust end base bearing (8) is connected with discharging opening (9), discharging opening (9) and institute State the connection of discharge sorting unit；

The discharge sorting unit is by shaftless screw squeezing conveying device II (10), spray equipment (11) and motor (12) group Into；The shaftless screw squeezing conveying device II (10) is made up of Shaftless spiral blade II (10a) and slurry filter screen (10b), by Motor (12) provides power；

The main drive drives crusher chamber to be rotated in deceleration；The cylinder (5) drives broken body (7) to do projectile motion；

The Shaftless spiral blade I (2a) is inserted and is welded and fixed in the hollow axle journal of feed end (4a), is connected, broken Chamber rotates together with driving, spiral charging；The profit filter screen (2b) is stainless steel filtering net, the filter opening line footpath of filter screen for 0.5~ 0.7mm。

2. the integrating device that the broken slurrying of kitchen garbage continous way according to claim 1 and component are sorted, its feature exists In：The diameter of the hollow axle journal of feed end (4a) is less than the diameter of the hollow axle journal of exhaust end (6a), the feed end quill shaft Lower surface of the lower surface of neck (4a) higher than the hollow axle journal of the exhaust end (6a).

3. the integrating device that the broken slurrying of kitchen garbage continous way according to claim 1 and component are sorted, its feature exists In：The inside of the feed end end cap (4), cylinder (5) and exhaust end end cap (6) is laid with rubber lining (5a)；The cylinder (5) middle part is provided with manhole (5b), and the amount of fill that the broken body (7) is freely stacked is the 25%~35% of cylinder volume.

4. the integrating device that the broken slurrying of kitchen garbage continous way according to claim 1 and component are sorted, its feature exists In：Shaftless screw squeezing conveying device II (10) tilt upward with horizontal line installation at 45 °, the bottom above it is provided with greatly Material, light materials outlet (10c), bottom below is provided with slurry outlet (10d)；The slurry filter screen (10b) is stainless steel Filter screen, the filter opening line footpath of filter screen is 2~5mm；The spray equipment (11) is equal in shaftless screw squeezing conveying device II (10) The nozzle composition of cloth.

5. the integrating device that the broken slurrying of kitchen garbage continous way according to claim 1 and component are sorted, its feature exists In：Discharge bin (1) top is provided with automatic lifting cover plate and superheated steam import (1a).

6. the integrating device that the broken slurrying of kitchen garbage continous way according to claim 1 and component are sorted, its feature exists In：The main drive is by main motor (13), shaft coupling I (14), reductor (15), shaft coupling II (16), little gear (17) Constituted with bull gear (18)；The bull gear (18) be fixed on exhaust end end cap (6) on cylinder (5) at one end, little gear (17) it is connected with bull gear (18) engagement, is driven by main motor (13).