AU2019264622B2 - Corrosion-free dowel - Google Patents

Abstract

C:\Interwovn\NRPortbl\DCC\TXB\19537740 _.docx-4/l/2019 A dowel for controlling relative level between adjacent panels, wherein the dowel is formed of corrosion-free material so as to avoid corrosion of the dowel. A concrete footpath formwork system including a dowel for transferring load between adjacent concrete panels, wherein the dowel is formed of corrosion-free material so as to avoid corrosion of the dowel. C:\Interwoven\NRPortbl\DCC\TXB\19537740_L.docx-14/11/2019 2019264622 14 Nov 2019

Description

6/16 6/16 14 Nov 2019 2019264622 14 Nov 2019

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FIG. FIG. 10 10

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1 62 62 D D 60D 60 4 D D D 58 58 D

D D VD 4 4 D I D

4 D D D D 4

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FIG. FIG. 11

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CORROSION-FREE CORROSION-FREE DOWEL DOWEL

Field Field of of the the Invention Invention

55 The present The present invention inventionrelates relates to to aa formwork system formwork system and, and, more more specifically,butbutnotnot specifically, 2019264622

exclusively, to aa formwork exclusively, to formworksystem system for for forming forming concrete concrete panels panels of a pathway, of a pathway, footpath, footpath,

sidewalk sidewalk oror thelike. the like.

Background Background totothe the Invention Invention 10 10

It is known to use a plastic concrete shuttering system for forming concrete slabs or It is known to use a plastic concrete shuttering system for forming concrete slabs or

panels, such as in a pathway, footpath, side wall or the like. In particular, there is a concrete panels, such as in a pathway, footpath, side wall or the like. In particular, there is a concrete

formwork system formwork system available available under under the the trade trade markmark "K-Form" "K-Form" which provides which provides screed rails screed rails

having aacross-sectional having cross-sectional shape shapegenerally generallyofofan an inverted inverted T. T. However, However, the applicant the applicant has has 15 identifiedthat 15 identified thatexisting existing formwork formworksystems systems useuse metallic metallic dowels dowels which which are are prone prone to corrosion. to corrosion.

The corrosion can lead to failure of the dowels resulting in adjacent panels no longer being The corrosion can lead to failure of the dowels resulting in adjacent panels no longer being

kept level, kept level, or or at atleast leastinin deterioration of of deterioration appearance appearancewhere where the the corrosion corrosion becomes visible. becomes visible.

Furthermore, the applicant has identified that it would be desirable for there to be provided Furthermore, the applicant has identified that it would be desirable for there to be provided

aa formwork system formwork system with with improved improved cost-effectiveness. cost-effectiveness.

20 20 Examplesofofthe Examples thepresent presentinvention inventionseek seektotoavoid avoidororatatleast least ameliorate ameliorate one oneorormore more disadvantagesof disadvantages of existing existing concrete concrete formwork systems. formwork systems.

Summary Summary ofofthe theInvention Invention 25 25 In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a dowel for In accordance with one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a dowel for

controlling relative level between adjacent panels, wherein the dowel is formed of corrosion- controlling relative level between adjacent panels, wherein the dowel is formed of corrosion-

free materialsosoasastotoavoid free material avoid corrosion corrosion of the of the dowel, dowel, the dowel the dowel is substantially is substantially planar, planar, and the and the

dowelhas dowel hasaacross-ribbed cross-ribbedstructure structure on onananupper uppersurface surfaceand andonon a lower a lower surface surface to to increase increase

30 structuralrigidity. 30 structural rigidity.

Preferably, the adjacent panels are concrete panels. Preferably, the adjacent panels are concrete panels.

Preferably, thedowel Preferably, the dowel is formed is formed of material of material which which is non-metallic. is non-metallic.

35

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Preferably, the Preferably, the dowel is formed dowel is of aa polymer formed of material. polymer material.

Preferably, wherein the dowel is formed of a plastic material. Preferably, wherein the dowel is formed of a plastic material.

55 In one In form, the one form, the dowel dowelisis formed formedofofa ametal metalmaterial materialportion portioncovered coveredin in a a polymer polymer

material portion. More preferably, the polymer material portion seals within itself the metal 2019264622

material portion. More preferably, the polymer material portion seals within itself the metal

material portion in an air-tight seal. material portion in an air-tight seal.

Preferably, the Preferably, the dowel is formed dowel is frommaterial formed from materialtotoavoid avoidcorrosion corrosionfrom fromoxidation oxidationofof 10 10 thedowel. the dowel.

Preferably, the Preferably, the dowel is substantially dowel is substantially planar. Morepreferably, planar. More preferably,the thedowel dowelisisininthe the form form ofofa aplate. plate.

15 15 Preferably, opposed Preferably, edgesofof the opposed edges the dowel dowelare are tapered tapered inwardly inwardlytoward towarda acentral central axis axis of of

the dowel, the the central dowel, the central axis axis lying lying within within aaplane plane of ofthe thedowel. dowel. More preferably, tapering More preferably, tapering of of said said opposed edgesofofthetheplate opposed edges platedowel dowel is is configured configured to allow, to allow, in situ, in situ, lateralmovement lateral movement between the adjacent concrete panels once the panels contract during drying of the concrete. between the adjacent concrete panels once the panels contract during drying of the concrete.

20 20 In aa preferred In preferred form, form, the the dowel has aa cross-ribbed dowel has cross-ribbed structure structure on on an upper surface an upper surface and and on on aa lower lowersurface surface to to increase increase structural structural rigidity. rigidity.

Preferably, the Preferably, the dowel dowel has has rounded corners. More rounded corners. Morepreferably, preferably,the the rounded roundedcorners cornersare are radiused. radiused.

25 25 Preferably, the Preferably, the dowel hasrounded dowel has roundededges. edges.More More preferably, preferably, the the rounded rounded edgesedges are are radiused. radiused.

Preferably, Preferably, the the dowel dowel has has aa flange flange arranged arranged to toabut abutagainst againsta a sideform sideformthrough throughwhich which

30 30 thethe dowel dowel is inserted.More is inserted. More preferably, preferably, the the flange flange extends extends in ainplane a plane perpendicular perpendicular to the to the

plane of plane of the the plate plate dowel. Even dowel. Even more more preferably, preferably, thethe flange flange is is adapted adapted to seal to seal against against thethe

sideform sideform soso as as to to prevent prevent ingress ingress of concrete of concrete to a joint to a joint between between adjacentadjacent concrete panels. concrete panels.

In a preferred In a preferredform, form,thethe dowel dowel is adapted is adapted forinuse for use in a non-industrial a non-industrial application. application.

35 35 It is preferred that the dowel is adapted for being cast into a concrete footpath so as It is preferred that the dowel is adapted for being cast into a concrete footpath so as

to transfer load between adjacent concrete panels of the footpath. to transfer load between adjacent concrete panels of the footpath.

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In accordance In accordancewith withanother another aspect aspect of the of the present present invention, invention, there there is provided is provided a a concrete concrete footpath footpath formwork systemincluding formwork system includinga adowel dowel fortransferring for transferringload load between betweenadjacent adjacent concrete panels, wherein concrete panels, the dowel wherein the dowelisis aa dowel as described dowel as described above. above.

55 In accordancewith In accordance withanother another aspect aspect of the of the present present invention, invention, there there is provided is provided a a 2019264622

concrete footpath formwork concrete footpath formwork system system including including a sideform a sideform for forming for forming adjacent adjacent concrete concrete

panels of a footpath and a dowel adapted to extend through the sideform for transferring load panels of a footpath and a dowel adapted to extend through the sideform for transferring load

betweenthe between theadjacent adjacentconcrete concretepanels, panels, wherein whereinthe thedowel dowelisisaa dowel dowelasasdescribed describedabove. above.

10 10 Preferably, the sideform is formed as a unitary panel having one or more ribs between Preferably, the sideform is formed as a unitary panel having one or more ribs between

opposed faces opposed faces to to facilitate facilitate crushing crushing of the of the sideform sideform in response in response to expansion to expansion of the concrete of the concrete

panels. panels.

Morepreferably, More preferably,the thesideform sideformpanel panelisissubstantially substantially planar planar and andarranged arrangedtotoextend extend 15 perpendicular 15 perpendicular to to a surfaceofofthe a surface thefootpath. footpath.

There is also disclosed a sleeve for a dowel, wherein the sleeve is adapted to clip on There is also disclosed a sleeve for a dowel, wherein the sleeve is adapted to clip on

to formwork to throughwhich formwork through which thethe dowel dowel is is inserted. inserted.

20 20 Preferably, the Preferably, the sleeve sleeve includes includes aa flange flange for for abutting abuttingagainst againstthe theformwork, formwork, a a sleeve sleeve

portion extending from the flange, an upper rib supporting the sleeve portion relative to the portion extending from the flange, an upper rib supporting the sleeve portion relative to the

flange anda alower flange and lower ribrib supporting supporting the sleeve the sleeve portion portion relative relative to the to the flange. flange. More preferably, More preferably,

the flange the flange includes includesananupper upper flange flange portion portion for for engagement engagement with with an an rail upper upper of rail the of the formwork and formwork and a lower a lower flange flange portion portion having having resilientclips resilient clipsfor for clipping clipping behind behindaalower lowerrail rail 25 ofofthe 25 theformwork. formwork.

Even more Even more preferably, preferably, thethe sleeve sleeve includes includes surrounds surrounds aroundaround the resilient the resilient clips clips

preventing dislodgement preventing dislodgementofofthe theupper upperflange flangeportion portionfrom fromthe theupper upperrail rail of of the the formwork. formwork.

30 30 Preferably, the Preferably, the sleeve sleeve includes includes crushable crushable internal internallateral lateralmovement voids located movement voids located at at opposed sides opposed sides of of a cavity a cavity for for receiving receiving the dowel. the dowel.

Preferably, the sleeve includes an expansion void. Preferably, the sleeve includes an expansion void.

35 35 Preferably, the Preferably, the sleeve sleeve portion includes internal portion includes internal ribs ribs which provide interference which provide interference on on insertion ofthe insertion of thedowel. dowel.

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In aa preferred In preferred form, form, the the sleeve sleeve includes includescentering centeringribs ribswhich, which,when when the the sleeve sleeve is is clipped on to clipped on to the the formwork, formwork,protrude protrudeinto intoa adowel dowel slotofofthe slot theformwork formwork to prevent to prevent lateral lateral

misalignment of the sleeve and the slot. misalignment of the sleeve and the slot.

55 There is There is also also disclosed a concrete disclosed a footpath formwork concrete footpath formwork system system including including a sideform a sideform 2019264622

for for forming adjacent concrete forming adjacent concretepanels panelsofofaa footpath, footpath, aa dowel doweladapted adaptedtotoextend extendthrough through thethe

sideform fortransferring sideform for transferring load loadbetween between the the adjacent adjacent concrete concrete panels, panels, and aand a sleeve sleeve for for receiving the dowel, wherein the sleeve is adapted to clip on to the sideform. receiving the dowel, wherein the sleeve is adapted to clip on to the sideform.

10 10 There is There is also also disclosed disclosed an an articulating articulatingdowel dowel system, system, including including aa dowel dowel and a dowel and a dowel

sleeve, sleeve, wherein the dowel wherein the dowelincludes includesa cam a cam portion portion located located within within the the sleeve sleeve to allow to allow the the

dowel to pivot relative to the dowel sleeve. dowel to pivot relative to the dowel sleeve.

Preferably, the Preferably, the cam portion has cam portion has aa forward forwardrounded rounded parttotofacilitate part facilitate pivoting pivoting of of the the

15 dowel 15 dowel relative relative to to thethe dowel dowel sleeve, sleeve, andand a rearward a rearward tapered tapered partpart extending extending rearwardly rearwardly and and

tapering inwardly tapering fromthe inwardly from therounded roundedpart parttotolimit limit pivotal pivotal movement movement of of thedowel the dowel relativetoto relative

the dowel sleeve. More preferably, the rounded part and the tapered part define a pivot with the dowel sleeve. More preferably, the rounded part and the tapered part define a pivot with

upper and upper and lower lowerstops stops to to allow limited upward allow limited anddownward upward and downward pivoting pivoting of the of the dowel dowel relative relative

to the dowel sleeve. to the dowel sleeve.

20 20 Preferably, the Preferably, the dowel is formed dowel is fromcorrosion-free formed from corrosion-free material. material.

In a preferred form, the sleeve is adapted to clip on to a sideform for forming adjacent In a preferred form, the sleeve is adapted to clip on to a sideform for forming adjacent

concrete panels. concrete panels.

25 25 There is There is also also disclosed a concrete disclosed a footpath formwork concrete footpath formwork system system including including a sideform a sideform

for for forming adjacent concrete forming adjacent concretepanels panelsofofaa footpath, footpath, aa dowel doweladapted adaptedtotoextend extendthrough through thethe

sideform fortransferring sideform for transferring load loadbetween between the the adjacent adjacent concrete concrete panels, panels, and aand a sleeve sleeve for for receiving the receiving the dowel, whereinthe dowel, wherein thedowel dowelisisarranged arrangedtotopivot pivotupwardly upwardly and/or and/or downwardly downwardly

30 relativetotothe 30 relative thesleeve. sleeve.

Preferably, the Preferably, the concrete concrete footpath footpathformwork formwork system system includes includes a seala fitted seal fitted to to the the sideform, whereinthe sideform, wherein theseal seal has has an an aperture aperture through through which whicha atongue tongueofofthe thedowel dowelinininserted inserted such that the such that the seal seal operates operates to to seal seal between betweenthe thedowel dowelandand the the sideform sideform against against concrete concrete

35 35 ingress. ingress.

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There isis also There also disclosed discloseda aformwork formwork panel panel for for forming forming adjacent adjacent concrete concrete bodies, bodies,

whereinthe wherein theformwork formwork panel panel is adapted is adapted to compressible to be be compressible on expansion on expansion of the of the concrete concrete

bodies. bodies.

55 Preferably, the Preferably, the formwork formwork panel panel is substantially is substantially planar. planar. More preferably, More preferably, the the 2019264622

formwork panel formwork panel is substantially is substantially planar planar to be to inbe in a plane a plane substantially substantially perpendicular perpendicular to a travel to a travel

surface surface formed byupper formed by uppersurfaces surfacesofofthe the concrete concrete bodies. bodies.

In In aa preferred preferred form, form, the theformwork panelis formwork panel is extruded. extruded.

10 10 Preferably, the formwork panel has at least one internal void to facilitate sacrificial Preferably, the formwork panel has at least one internal void to facilitate sacrificial

compressionofofthe compression theformwork formwork panel panel on on expansion expansion of the of the concrete concrete bodies. bodies.

Preferably, the Preferably, the formwork panelhas formwork panel hasa apair pairofofopposed opposedsideform sideform walls walls connected connected by by 15 15 at at leastone least onesacrificial sacrificial rib ribdefining definingan aninternal internalvoid voidbetween between the theopposed opposed sideform walls. sideform walls.

Preferably, the formwork panel has a pair of opposed rails along at least one side of Preferably, the formwork panel has a pair of opposed rails along at least one side of

the formwork the formworkpanel, panel,thethe opposed opposed rails rails defining defining a channel a channel for slideable for slideable mounting mounting of an of an accessory to accessory to the the formwork panel.More formwork panel. More preferably,thethechannel preferably, channelenables enablesthetheformwork formwork panel panel

20 to to 20 be be connected connected to to another another like like formwork formwork panel panel by inserting by inserting one one end end of aof a joiner joiner plate plate in in the the

channel theformwork channel the formwork panelpanel and anand an opposite opposite endjoiner end of the of theplate joiner plate in the in theofchannel channel the likeof the like

formworkpanel. formwork panel.

Preferably, the formwork panel has a constant cross-sectional shape along its length Preferably, the formwork panel has a constant cross-sectional shape along its length

25 andand 25 is is abletotobebecut able cuttotolength length accordingly. accordingly.

Preferably, the Preferably, the formwork panelhas formwork panel hasananupper uppercapping, capping,thethecapping capping having having sidewalls sidewalls

and a top surface arranged to be level with upper surfaces of the concrete bodies. and a top surface arranged to be level with upper surfaces of the concrete bodies.

30 30 There is There is also also disclosed disclosed aa formwork panelfor formwork panel forforming formingadjacent adjacentconcrete concrete bodies,thethe bodies,

formwork panelhaving formwork panel having a formwork a formwork panel panel bodybody and aand a formwork formwork panel capping panel capping arranged arranged to to be selectively be selectively moved from moved from a coupled a coupled condition condition in which in which the formwork the formwork panel capping panel capping is is coupled toto the coupled the formwork formwork panel panel bodybody to form to form a surface a surface level level with upper with upper surfaces surfaces of the of the concrete bodies and concrete bodies anda adecoupled decoupled condition condition in which in which at least at least partpart of the of the formwork formwork panelpanel

35 35 cappingisisdecoupled capping decoupledfrom fromthe theformwork formworkpanel panelbody bodysosoasastotoform forma awell wellbetween betweenthe the concrete bodies. concrete bodies.

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May Preferably, the Preferably, the well well has has aapredetermined depth. predetermined depth.

Preferably, the Preferably, the formwork capping formwork capping is is formed formed with with a frangible a frangible part part which which is torn is torn to to 55 move move the the formwork formwork panelpanel capping capping from from the the coupled coupled condition condition to the decoupled to the decoupled condition. condition.

More preferably, the frangible part is located between an upper portion of the capping and a More preferably, the frangible part is located between an upper portion of the capping and a 2019264622

lower portion lower portion of of thethe capping capping such such that tearing that tearing the frangible the frangible part separates part separates the upperthe upper portion portion

of of the the capping capping from the lower from the lower portion portion of of the the capping. capping.

10 10 Preferably, the Preferably, the capping includes opposed capping includes opposedarms arms extending extending laterally laterally outwardly outwardly from from

opposite sidesofofthethecapping opposite sides capping suchsuch that that distal distal ends ends of theof theare arms arms are embedded embedded in the concrete in the concrete

bodies. More bodies. More preferably, preferably, each each of the of the distal distal endsends hasenlarged has an an enlarged portionportion to facilitate to facilitate

retainment in the concrete. retainment in the concrete.

15 15 In one In one form, form,the theopposed opposed arms arms extend extend outwardly outwardly from from the the portion lower lower portion of the of the capping. capping.

Preferably, the Preferably, the arms armsare areable abletotobe be stretched stretched to to accommodate accommodate relative relative outward outward

movement/retractionofofthe movement/retraction theconcrete concretebodies. bodies. 20 20 There is also There is also disclosed disclosed aa concrete concrete footpath footpath formwork system,including formwork system, includinga aformwork formwork panel for forming adjacent concrete panels of a footpath, and a support bracket for supporting panel for forming adjacent concrete panels of a footpath, and a support bracket for supporting

the system relative to a ground surface, wherein the formwork panel has a pair of vertically the system relative to a ground surface, wherein the formwork panel has a pair of vertically

opposed longitudinalrails, opposed longitudinal rails, and and the the support support bracket bracket has has an an engagement formationwhich engagement formation which has has

25 an an 25 unlocked unlocked orientation orientation forfor insertingthe inserting theformation formationbetween betweenthethe opposed opposed railstotoabut rails abutagainst against the formwork the paneland formwork panel anda arotated, rotated, locked lockedorientation orientation wherein whereinthe the formation formationisis locked locked by by the the rails against rails againstlateral withdrawal lateral withdrawalfrom fromthe theformwork panel. formwork panel.

Preferably, the Preferably, the formation formationisisunlocked unlockedfrom from the the opposed opposed railsrails by rotation by rotation of of the the 30 formation 30 formation about about a lateral a lateral axis axis of of thethe system system fromfrom the locked the locked orientation orientation to unlocked to the the unlocked orientation. orientation.

Preferably, thebracket Preferably, the bracketis is supported supported relative relative to ground to the the ground surface surface by a and by a stake, stake, the and the

bracket has an aperture for receiving a stake. bracket has an aperture for receiving a stake.

35 35 Preferably, Preferably, the the stake stake is isthreaded. threaded. More preferably, the More preferably, the threaded threaded stake stake has has opposed opposed faces faces and the bracket and the bracket is is formed with rotationally formed with rotationally spaced engagementportions spaced engagement portionssuch such thatthe that the

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stake is able stake is abletotobebefreely freelyslid slidthrough through the the bracket bracket and locked and locked by rotating by rotating the stakethe stake about its about its

longitudinal axisrelative longitudinal axis relativeto tothethe bracket. bracket.

Preferably, the Preferably, the bracket bracket terminates terminates above above a a lower edge of lower edge of the the formwork panel. formwork panel.

55 Preferably, the formwork panel is formed as a unitary part. Preferably, the formwork panel is formed as a unitary part. 2019264622

Preferably, the Preferably, the formwork panelhashas formwork panel a pairofofopposed a pair opposed sidewalls sidewalls formed formed integrally integrally

with at least one rib, the opposed sidewalls defining a void therebetween. with at least one rib, the opposed sidewalls defining a void therebetween.

10 10 In a preferred In a preferredform, form,thethe bracket bracket is formed is formed as a unitary as a unitary part. part.

Preferably, the bracket has a central rib extending along the length of the bracket. Preferably, the bracket has a central rib extending along the length of the bracket.

15 15 BriefDescription Brief Descriptionof of the the Drawings Drawings

Preferred embodiments Preferred embodiments of of thethe invention invention will will be be described, described, by by wayway of non-limiting of non-limiting

example only,with example only, withreference referenceto to the the accompanying accompanying drawings drawings in in which: which:

Figure showsa atop Figure 11 shows topview viewofofa adowel; dowel; 20 20 Figure showsa aperspective Figure 22 shows perspectiveview viewofofthe thedowel; dowel; Figure showsananopposite Figure 33 shows oppositeside sideperspective perspectiveview viewofofthe thedowel; dowel; Figures show 3atoto3c3cshow Figures 3a toptop andand perspective perspective views views of alternative of alternative dowels dowels having having a a different shape; different shape;

Figure showsbottom Figure 44 shows bottom detailofofaacorrosion-free detail corrosion-free plate plate dowel; dowel;

25 25 Figure Figure 5 5 shows shows a cross a cross rib structure rib structure ofdowel of the the dowel in planin plan view; view;

Figure showsa asealing Figure 66 shows sealingflange flangeof of the the dowel dowelwhen when used used to to sealagainst seal againstaasideform; sideform; Figure showsa aside Figure 77 shows sideview viewofofaaclip-on clip-on cantilevered cantilevered plate plate dowel sleeve; dowel sleeve;

Figure showsa aperspective Figure 88 shows perspectiveview viewofofthe thesleeve; sleeve; Figure showsa aside Figure 99 shows sidecutaway cutawayview view of of anan articulatingdowel articulating dowelsystem; system; 30 30 Figure showsa aperspective 10shows Figure 10 perspectiveview viewofofthe thearticulating articulating dowel dowelsystem; system; Figure shows 11shows Figure 11 a sidecross-sectional a side cross-sectionalview view of of an an articulatingdowel articulating dowel system system withwith

50mm vertical 50mm vertical lift; lift;

Figure showsa acam 12shows Figure 12 cam component component of the of the articulating articulating dowel dowel system; system;

Figure showsa aperspective 13shows Figure 13 perspectiveview viewofofa amulti-functional multi-functionalformwork formwork panel; panel;

35 35 Figure showsa across-sectional 14shows Figure 14 cross-sectionalview viewofofthe themulti-functional multi-functionalformwork formwork panel; panel;

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Figure showstwo 15shows Figure 15 two multi-functional multi-functional formwork formwork panels panels connected connected together; together;

Figure shows 16shows Figure 16 a multi-functional a multi-functional formwork formwork panel panel having having a capping a capping installedinstalled

thereon; thereon;

Figure showsjoining 17shows Figure 17 joiningofoftwo twomulti-functional multi-functionalformwork formwork panels; panels;

55 Figure showsa aRip-A-Strip 18shows Figure 18 Rip-A-Strip sealantwell sealant wellcapping cappinginin place; place; 2019264622

Figure showsthe 19shows Figure 19 thecapping capping removed removed to form to form a well; a well;

Figure showsthe 20shows Figure 20 thewell wellfilled filled with with material; material; Figure showsstretching 21shows Figure 21 stretchingofofananarm armofofthe thecapping; capping; Figure is is Figure 2222 a a perspective perspective viewview of a of a twist twist andstake and lock lockbracket stake bracket and stake; and stake;

10 10 Figure showsthe 23shows Figure 23 thebracket bracketininananunlocked unlockedcondition; condition; Figure showsthe 24shows Figure 24 thebracket bracketininaalocked lockedcondition; condition; Figure shows 25shows Figure 25 thethe bracket bracket andand stake stake in in place place on on thethe multi-functional multi-functional formwork formwork

panel; panel;

Figure showstwo 26shows Figure 26 twojoined joinedformwork formwork panels, panels, each each having having a stake a stake andand bracket bracket fitted fitted

15 15 thereto; thereto;

Figure showsdetail 27shows Figure 27 detailof of the the multi-functional multi-functional formwork panelhaving formwork panel havingopposed opposed rails rails

downone down oneside; side; Figure Figure 2828 shows shows detail detail of bracket of the the bracket and and its its attachment attachment to the rails; to the opposed opposedand rails; and

Figures 29atoto29d Figures 29a show 29dshow a clip-onfoot a clip-on footfor forsupporting supportingthe theformwork formwork panel. panel.

20 20

Detailed Description Detailed Description

With referenceto With reference to Figures Figures 11 to to 6, 6, there there is isshown shown aa dowel dowel1010for forcontrolling controlling relative relative level between level between adjacent adjacent concrete concrete panels, panels, suchone such that that one concrete concrete panel of panel of a footpath a footpath or the like or the like

25 will 25 will staylevel stay levelwith withaaneighbouring neighbouringconcrete concretepanel panelsosoasastotomaintain maintainaa level level walking path and walking path and to avoid a tripping hazard. The dowel 10 is formed of corrosion-free material so as to avoid to avoid a tripping hazard. The dowel 10 is formed of corrosion-free material so as to avoid

corrosion of the corrosion of the dowel 10. dowel 10.

The adjacent The adjacentpanels panelsbeing being kept kept level level by the by the dowel dowel 10 are10 are formed formed of concrete, of concrete,

30 however 30 however it is it is possible possible thatthethedowel that dowel 10 10 andand associated associated formwork formwork system system may bemay usedbe used for for

maintainingaa level maintaining level between panelscast between panels cast from fromaa different different material. material. As As shown inFigures shown in Figures11to to 6, 6, the the dowel dowel 10 10 is is formed from material formed from material which whichisis non-metallic non-metallic and andis is preferably preferably formed of aa formed of

polymer material or other plastic material which is not prone to corrosion as are typical metal polymer material or other plastic material which is not prone to corrosion as are typical metal

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May dowels. InInone dowels. oneparticular particularform, form,the thedowel dowel10 10 maymay be formed be formed of a of a metal metal material material portion portion

covered in a polymer material portion. In that case, the polymer material portion seals within covered in a polymer material portion. In that case, the polymer material portion seals within

itself itself the the metal materialportion metal material portionin in an an air-tight air-tight seal seal so so as as to to protect protect the the metal metal material material portion portion

from corrosion from from corrosion fromoxidation. oxidation. 55 2019264622

Figures 3a Figures 3a to to 3c 3c show showtop topand andperspective perspectiveviews views of of alternativedowels alternative dowels10 10 having having a a different shape. different shape. Whereas thedowel Whereas the dowel1010shown shown in in Figures Figures 1 to 1 to 3 isininthe 3 is the form formofofaa six-sided six-sided shape (beingrectangular shape (being rectangular at one at one sideside of the of the flange flange 18having 18 and and having a tapered a tapered portion portion at at the other the other

side side of the flange), of the flange), the thedowels dowels 10 10 shown in Figures shown in Figures 3a to 3c 3a to 3c are are four-sided. four-sided. More More

10 specifically, 10 specifically, the the four-sided four-sided dowels dowels 10 of Figures 10 of Figures 3a to 3c 3a tofront have 3c have frontsides and rear and which rear sides are which are

mutually parallel, as well as left and right sides which taper at the same angle on both sides mutually parallel, as well as left and right sides which taper at the same angle on both sides

of the flange of the flange18. 18.

As can As canbebeseen seen in in Figures Figures 4 and 4 and 5, the 5, the dowel dowel 10 is 10 is substantially substantially planarplanar and isand is 15 generally 15 generally in in theform the form of of a plate.Opposed a plate. Opposed edges edges 12 of12 ofdowel the the dowel 10 are10 are tapered tapered inwardly inwardly

toward a central axis of the dowel 10, the central axis lying within a plane of the dowel 10, toward a central axis of the dowel 10, the central axis lying within a plane of the dowel 10,

the central the central axis axis lying lying along the central along the central vertical vertical rib rib shown in the shown in the orientation orientation of of Figure Figure 5. 5. Tapering Tapering ofof theopposed the opposed edges edges 12 of 12 theof the plate plate dowel dowel 10 is configured 10 is configured to allow, to in allow, in situ, lateral situ, lateral

movement movement between between the the adjacent adjacent concrete concrete panels panels whenwhen the panels the panels contract contract during during drying drying of of 20 thethe 20 concrete. concrete. TheThe dowel dowel 10 may 10 may have have a cross-ribbed a cross-ribbed structure structure on anonupper an upper surface surface anda and on on a lower surface to increase structural rigidity. lower surface to increase structural rigidity.

As shown As shownininFigure Figure 5, 5, thedowel the dowel 10 10 may may have have rounded rounded corners corners 14 may 14 which which be may be radiused. The radiused. dowel 10 The dowel 10 may mayalso also have have rounded rounded edges edges 16 16 (see (see Figure Figure 4) 4) which which may be may be

25 radiused. 25 radiused.

The dowel The dowel1010 maymay havehave a flange a flange 18 arranged 18 arranged to against to abut abut against a sideform a sideform 20 (see20 (see Figure 6) Figure 6) through throughwhich which the the dowel dowel 10 is10 is inserted. inserted. The flange The flange 18 extends 18 extends in in a plane a plane perpendicular to the plane of the plate dowel 10. The flange 18 is adapted to seal against the perpendicular to the plane of the plate dowel 10. The flange 18 is adapted to seal against the

30 sideform 30 sideform 20 20 so as so as to to prevent prevent ingress ingress ofof concretetotoa ajoint concrete joint between betweenadjacent adjacentconcrete concretepanels. panels.

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Thedowel The dowelmay maybebe adapted adapted foruse for useininaa non-industrial non-industrial application application and and may be adapted may be adapted for for being castinto being cast intoaaconcrete concretefootpath footpath so to so as as transfer to transfer loadload between between adjacent adjacent concrete concrete panels panels

of the footpath. of the footpath.

55 Accordingly,there Accordingly, thereisis disclosed disclosed aacorrosion-free corrosion-freetapered taperedplate platedowel dowelload load transfer transfer 2019264622

system. Thetapered system. The taperedplate platedowel dowel provides provides lateralmovement lateral movement onceonce the joint the joint contracts. contracts. The The

double-sidedcross-ribbed double-sided cross-ribbedstructure structure provides provides increased increased structural structural rigidity rigidity (providing (providing

increased bending increased bendingstrength) strength) by by breaking breakingupupun-reinforced un-reinforcedhorizontal horizontalsurfaces. surfaces.Corners Cornersandand edges are edges areradiused radiusedtotoprevent prevent point point loads loads giving giving eveneven distributed distributed forces forces atdowel at the the dowel 10 perimeter. 10 perimeter. The The flange flange 18the 18 on on dowel the dowel actsa as acts as a seal seal preventing preventing concrete concrete ingress ingress into the into the

joint. The flange 18 may optionally incorporate a rubber seal to facilitate the sealing effect. joint. The flange 18 may optionally incorporate a rubber seal to facilitate the sealing effect.

Withreference With referenceto to Figure Figure 6, 6, there there is isshown shown aa concrete concrete footpath footpath formwork formworksystem system 22 22

including a sideform including a 20for sideform 20 for forming formingadjacent adjacentconcrete concretepanels panelsofofa afootpath footpathand anda adowel dowel1010

15 adapted 15 adapted to extend to extend through through the sideform the sideform 20 for 20 for transferring transferring load between load between the adjacent the adjacent

concrete panels, wherein concrete panels, the dowel wherein the dowelisisformed formedofofcorrosion-free corrosion-freematerial. material.The The sideform sideform 20 20

is is formed formed asasa aunitary unitarypanel panel having having one one or more or more ribs ribs 24 24 between between opposed opposed faces faces 26 to 26 to facilitate facilitate

crushing of the sideform 20 in response to expansion of the concrete panels. crushing of the sideform 20 in response to expansion of the concrete panels.

20 20 With reference to Figures 7 and 8, there is shown a sleeve 28 for a dowel 10, wherein With reference to Figures 7 and 8, there is shown a sleeve 28 for a dowel 10, wherein

the sleeve 28 is adapted to clip on to formwork through which the dowel 10 is inserted. With the sleeve 28 is adapted to clip on to formwork through which the dowel 10 is inserted. With

reference to reference to Figure Figure 7, 7, the the sleeve sleeve 28 28 includes includes aa flange flange 30 30 for forabutting abuttingagainst againstthe theformwork formwork

20, aa sleeve 20, sleeve portion portion 32 32 extending fromthe extending from the flange flange 30, 30, an an upper upper rib rib 34 supporting the 34 supporting the sleeve sleeve portion 32 portion 32 relative relative to to the the flange flange 30 30 and anda alower lowerribrib3636supporting supporting thethe sleeve sleeve portion portion 32 32 25 relative 25 relativetotothe theflange flange30. 30. The Theflange flange3030includes includesananupper upperflange flangeportion portion3838for forengagement engagement with an upper rail 40 of the formwork and a lower flange portion 42 having resilient clips 44 with an upper rail 40 of the formwork and a lower flange portion 42 having resilient clips 44

for clipping behind a lower rail 46 of the formwork. for clipping behind a lower rail 46 of the formwork.

The sleeve The sleeve2828maymay include include surrounds surrounds aroundaround the resilient the resilient clips clips 44 44 preventing preventing

30 dislodgement 30 dislodgement of the of the upper upper flange flange portion portion 38 from 38 from the upper the upper rail rail 40 of40the of formwork. the formwork. The The sleeve 28 sleeve 28 may includecrushable may include crushableinternal internal lateral lateralmovement voids48 movement voids 48located located at at opposed sides opposed sides

of of aa cavity cavity50 50 for forreceiving receivingthe dowel the dowel10. 10.The The sleeve sleeve 28 28 may include an may include an expansion expansionvoid voidand and the sleeve portion 32 may include internal ribs 52 which provide interference on insertion of the sleeve portion 32 may include internal ribs 52 which provide interference on insertion of

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the dowel the 10. The dowel 10. Thesleeve sleeve2828includes includescentering centeringribs ribs 54 54 which, which, when whenthe thesleeve sleeve2828isis clipped clipped on to the on to the formwork, formwork, protrude protrude into into aa dowel dowelslot slot of of the the formwork formworktotoprevent preventlateral lateral misalignment of the sleeve 28 and the slot. misalignment of the sleeve 28 and the slot.

55 Accordingly,there Accordingly, thereisis shown showna aconcrete concrete footpath footpath formwork formwork system system 22 including 22 including a a 2019264622

sideform sideform 2020 for for forming forming adjacent adjacent concrete concrete panels panels of a footpath, of a footpath, a dowel a 10dowel 10toadapted adapted extend to extend

through the through the sideform sideform2020for fortransferring transferring load loadbetween betweenthetheadjacent adjacentconcrete concrete panels,andand panels, a a sleeve 28 for sleeve 28 for receiving receiving the the dowel dowel10, 10,wherein wherein thethe sleeve sleeve 28 28 is adapted is adapted to clip to clip on the on to to the sideform 20. sideform 20.

10 10 Features: Features:

 Fastener-less pivoting Fastener-less pivoting clip clipon on function function to toextruded extruded formwork. formwork.

 Resists sleeve Resists sleeve pull pull down bybracing down by bracingitself itself above sleeve body above sleeve bodywith withlocked lockedinin cantilevered ribs. cantilevered ribs.

15 15  Ribs belowthe Ribs below thesleeve sleeve brace brace sleeve sleeve in in compression. compression.

 Surrounds aroundthetheclips Surrounds around clipsprevent preventsleeve sleevedislodgement dislodgement fromfrom top top pivoting pivoting

point. point.

 Incorporates 5mm Incorporates 5mm crushable crushable internal internal lateralmovement lateral movement voidsvoids and aand a 10mm 10mm expansion void. expansion void.

20 20  Corners and Corners and edges edges are are radiused radiused to prevent to prevent point point loads even loads giving giving even distributed distributed

forces at the forces at thesleeve sleeveperimeter. perimeter.  Internal ribs provide Internal ribs provideinterference interference to the to the plate plate dowel dowel upon upon insertion insertion to prevent to prevent

accidental pull-outduring accidental pull-out during concrete concrete pouring. pouring.

 Centring ribs protrude Centring ribs protrude into into the the slot slot on on formwork formworkpreventing preventinglateral lateral 25 25 misalignment of the sleeve with the slot. misalignment of the sleeve with the slot.

With reference With reference to to Figures Figures 9 to9 12, to 12, there there is also is also disclosed disclosed an articulating an articulating dowel dowel system system

56, 56, including including aa dowel dowel 58 58 and and a a dowel sleeve 60, dowel sleeve 60, wherein wherein the the dowel 58 includes dowel 58 includes aa cam portion cam portion

62 located within 62 located within the the sleeve sleeve 60 60 to to allow the dowel allow the dowel5858totopivot pivot relative relative to to the the dowel sleeve dowel sleeve

30 60. 30 60.

The cam The camportion portion 62 62 hashas a forward a forward rounded rounded part part 64 64Figure (see (see Figure 12) to 12) to facilitate facilitate

pivoting of pivoting of the the dowel dowel5858relative relativetoto the the dowel dowelsleeve sleeve60,60,andand a rearward a rearward tapered tapered partpart 66 66

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extending rearwardlyandand extending rearwardly tapering tapering inwardly inwardly from from the rounded the rounded part 64part 64 topivotal to limit limit pivotal movement movement of of thethe dowel dowel 58 relative 58 relative to to thethe dowel dowel sleeve sleeve 60. 60. The rounded The rounded part part 64 and64 and the the tapered part tapered part 66 66 define defineaapivot pivotwith withupper upper andand lower lower stops stops to allow to allow limited limited upward upward and and downward downward pivoting pivoting of of thedowel the dowel 58 58 relative relative toto thedowel the dowel sleeve sleeve 60.TheThe 60. dowel dowel 58 be 58 may may be 55 formed formed from from corrosion-free corrosion-free material material suchsuch as, as, forfor example, example, polymer polymer material. material. The The sleeve sleeve 60 60 2019264622

maybebeadapted may adapted to to clip clip on on to atosideform a sideform 20forming 20 for for forming adjacent adjacent concreteconcrete panels panels 68. 68. Accordingly, there is Accordingly, there is shown shown a aconcrete concretefootpath footpathformwork formwork system system including including a sideform a sideform 20 20

for forming for adjacent concrete forming adjacent concrete panels panels 68 68 of of aa footpath, footpath, aadowel dowel 58 58 adapted adapted to to extend extend through through

the sideform the 20 for sideform 20 for transferring transferring load load between the adjacent between the adjacent concrete concrete panels panels 68, 68, and and aa sleeve sleeve 10 10 60 60 forfor receiving receiving thethe dowel dowel 58,58, wherein wherein the the dowel dowel 58 is58 is arranged arranged to pivot to pivot upwardly upwardly and/orand/or

downwardly downwardly relativetotothe relative thesleeve sleeve60. 60.With With reference reference to to Figure Figure 10, 10, thethe concrete concrete footpath footpath

formwork system formwork system maymay include include a seal a seal 70 fitted 70 fitted to the to the sideform sideform 20, seal 20, the the seal 70 having 70 having an an aperture 72 aperture 72 through throughwhich which a tongue a tongue 74 74 of the of the dowel dowel 58 is58inserted is inserted such such that that the seal the seal 70 70 operates operates to to seal sealbetween between the the dowel 58 and dowel 58 andthe the sideform sideform2020against againstconcrete concreteingress. ingress. 15 15

Features: Features:

 Corrosion-free articulating Corrosion-free articulating dowel dowel system system whichfor which allows allows for deflection deflection control oncontrol light on light

duty concrete duty concrete pavements pavements whenarticulates when joint joint articulates due roots due to tree to tree or roots or reactive reactive soil. soil.  Allows up Allows up toto 50mm 50mmof of simultaneous simultaneous verticallift vertical lift on onslabs slabs while while maintaining maintaining 20 20 deflection control, load transfer, lateral dowel movement and expansion capabilities. deflection control, load transfer, lateral dowel movement and expansion capabilities.

 CAM component CAM component of dowel of dowel allowsallows dowel dowel rotation rotation while carrying while carrying load horizontally load horizontally

across joint. across joint.

 Fastener-less pivoting Fastener-less pivoting clip clipon on function function of ofsystem system to toextruded extruded formwork. formwork.

 Resists sleeve Resists sleeve pull pull down down by bracing by bracing itself itself above above sleevesleeve bodylocked body with with inlocked in 25 25 cantilevered ribs. cantilevered ribs.

 Ribs below Ribs belowthe thesleeve sleeve brace brace sleeve sleeve in in compression. compression.

 Surrounds aroundthe Surrounds around theclips clips prevent prevent sleeve sleeve dislodgement dislodgementfrom from toppivoting top pivotingpoint. point.  Incorporates 5mm Incorporates 5mmcrushable crushable internallateral internal lateral movement voids movement voids and and a 10mm a 10mm expansion expansion

void. void.

30 30  Centring ribs protrude Centring ribs protrude into into the the slot sloton onformwork preventinglateral formwork preventing lateral misalignment of misalignment of

the sleeve with the slot. the sleeve with the slot.

 Dowel Dowel isiskept kepthorizontal horizontal during duringconcrete concretepour pourbybycrushable crushablepositioning positioningribs ribslocated located

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internally in the sleeve. internally in the sleeve.

 System System is is sealed sealed offoff from from concrete concrete ingress ingress with with an an additional additional seal. seal.

With referencetotoFigures With reference Figures1313toto17, 17,there thereisisshown shown a formwork a formwork panelpanel 76forming 76 for for forming 55 adjacent adjacent concrete concrete bodies, bodies, wherein wherein thethe formwork formwork panelpanel 76 is76 is adapted adapted to betocompressible be compressible on on 2019264622

expansionofofthe expansion theconcrete concretebodies. bodies.TheThe concrete concrete bodies bodies may may be in be the in theofform form of adjacent adjacent

concrete panels concrete panels of of a footpath a footpath or the or the like. like.

The formwork The formwork panel panel 76 76 may may be substantially be substantially planar planar to betoin bea inplane a plane substantially substantially

10 perpendicular 10 perpendicular totravel to a a travel surface surface formed formed by upper by upper surfaces surfaces of theofconcrete the concrete bodies. bodies. For For example,asasshown example, shownin in Figure Figure 14,14, thethe concrete concrete bodies bodies 68 have 68 have upperupper surfaces surfaces 78 and78 and the the formwork panel7676 formwork panel is issubstantially substantiallyperpendicular perpendiculartotoaatravel travel surface surface (e.g. (e.g. footpath) footpath) formed formed

by the by the upper uppersurfaces surfaces78. 78.TheThe planar planar nature nature of the of the formwork formwork panel panel 76 is 76 is in contrast in contrast to to existing formwork existing which formwork which hasa across-sectional has cross-sectionalshape shapeininthe theform formofofananinverted invertedT. T. 15 15

The formwork The formwork panel panel 7676 may may be be extruded extruded withwith a constant a constant cross-sectional cross-sectional shape shape along along

its its length suchthat length such thatthe theformwork formworkpanelpanel 76 is 76 is to able able be to cutbe tocut to length length sosuit so as to as toa suit a particular particular

application. The application. The formwork formwork panel panel 76 76 least has at has atoneleast one internal internal void void 80 to 80 to facilitate facilitate sacrificialsacrificial

compression of compression of the the formwork panel 76 formwork panel 76 on onexpansion expansionofofthe the concrete concrete bodies bodies 68. 68. The The 20 formwork 20 formwork panel panel 76 76 hashas a pairofofopposed a pair opposedsideform sideformwalls walls8282connected connectedbybyatatleast least one one

sacrificial rib sacrificial 8484defining rib definingananinternal void internal 8080between void betweenthe theopposed opposed sideform walls 82. sideform walls 82. The The formworkpanel formwork panel7676 hashas a pairofofopposed a pair opposed rails8686 rails along along at at leastone least oneside sideofofthe theformwork formwork panel 76, panel 76, the the opposed rails 86 opposed rails 86 defining defining a a channel for slideable channel for slideable mounting of an mounting of an accessory accessory to to the formwork the panel76.76. formwork panel The The channel channel enables enables the formwork the formwork panel panel 76 76connected to be to be connected to to 25 another 25 another like like formwork formwork panel panel 76 (see 76 (see Figure Figure 17) 17) by inserting by inserting one one end end of a of a joiner joiner plate plate 88 88 in in the channel the of the channel of the formwork panel7676and formwork panel andananopposite oppositeendend ofof thejoiner the joinerplate plate in in the the channel channel

of of the the like likeformwork panel 76. formwork panel 76.

Features: Features:

30 30  Compressible extrudedsacrificial Compressible extruded sacrificial formwork formworkpanel panelandand capping. capping.

 Crushable uptoto 10mm Crushable up 10mm to to allow allow forfor thermal thermal expansion expansion at at joint. joint.

 Multi-functional utility channel Multi-functional utility channelwhich which allows allows for components for components to be attached to be attached

continuouslyalong continuously alongthe the length. length.

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 Retains function Retains function as as an an expansion joint and expansion joint functionally of and functionally of components when components when cut. cut.

 Panels can be joined with joiner plate at any point when cut. Panels can be joined with joiner plate at any point when cut.

The formwork The formwork panel panel 76 76 maymay alsoalso havehave an upper an upper capping capping 90,capping 90, the the capping 90 having 90 having

55 sidewalls side walls 92 92 andand a top a top surface surface 94 arranged 94 arranged to level to be be level withwith the the upper upper surfaces surfaces 78 of78 of the the 2019264622

concrete bodies 68, concrete bodies 68, as as shown inFigure shown in Figure18. 18.The The capping capping 90 90 maymay be adhered be adhered to a to a top top of the of the

formwork panel7676asasshown formwork panel shown in in Figures Figures 18 18 to to 21,21, oror may may be be resilientlyclipped resiliently clippedororslid slid on on to to a top a top portion portion of of the theformwork panel 76 formwork panel 76as as shown shownininFigures Figures1616and and17. 17.

10 10 Withreference With referenceto to Figures Figures 18 18to to 21 21 there there is is shown shown aa formwork formwork panel panel 76 76 forfor forming forming

adjacent concrete adjacent concrete bodies bodies 68, 68, the the formwork formwork panel panel having having a formwork a formwork panelpanel body body 96 and96 a and a formwork panelcapping formwork panel capping 90 90 arranged arranged to to be be selectivelymoved selectively moved from from a coupled a coupled condition condition (see(see

Figure 18) Figure 18) in in which the formwork which the formworkpanel panel capping capping 90 90 is is coupled coupled to to theformwork the formwork panel panel bodybody

96 to 96 to form form aa surface surface level level with with upper upper surfaces surfaces 78 78 of of the theconcrete concretebodies bodies 68 68 and and aa decoupled decoupled

15 condition 15 condition (see (see Figure Figure 19) 19) in which in which at least at least parttheofformwork part of the formwork panel 90 panel capping capping is 90 is decoupledfrom decoupled fromthe theformwork formwork panel panel bodybody 96assotoasform 96 so to form a well a well 98 between 98 between the concrete the concrete

bodies 68. bodies 68. The Thewell well9898may mayhave have a predetermined a predetermined depth depth being being the the height height of of thethe capping capping 90,90,

less less a a thickness thickness ofofa afloor floorofofthethecapping capping 90. 90.

20 20 Theformwork The formwork capping capping 90 90 maymay be formed be formed with with a frangible a frangible part part 100 100 whichwhich is torn is torn to to movethe move theformwork formwork panel panel capping capping 90 90 from from thethe coupled coupled condition condition to to thethedecoupled decoupled condition. condition.

Thefrangible The frangible part part 100 100may maybebe located located between between an upper an upper portion portion of capping of the the capping 90aand 90 and a lower portion of the capping 90 such that tearing the frangible part 100 separates the upper lower portion of the capping 90 such that tearing the frangible part 100 separates the upper

portion of portion of the the capping 90from capping 90 fromthe thelower lowerportion portionofofthe thecapping capping 90. 90. Figure Figure 18 shows 18 shows the the 25 upper 25 upper portion portion andand lower lower portion portion of the of the capping capping 90 connected 90 connected whereas whereas FigureFigure 19 shows 19 shows the the upper portion upper portion removed removedfrom from thethe lower lower portion.TheThe portion. capping capping 90 may 90 may include include opposed opposed arms arms 102 extending 102 extending laterally laterally outwardly outwardly from from opposite opposite sides sides of of the capping the capping 90 such 90 such that distalthat endsdistal ends

of the of the arms 102 are arms 102 are embedded embedded in in theconcrete the concretebodies bodies 68.68. Each Each of the of the distal distal arms arms 102102 may may

have an enlarged portion 104 to facilitate retainment in the concrete. have an enlarged portion 104 to facilitate retainment in the concrete.

30 30 The opposed The opposedarms arms 102 102 maymay extend extend outwardly outwardly from from the lower the lower portion portion of capping of the the capping 90, and 90, the arms and the arms 102 102 may maybebeable abletotobebestretched stretched toto accommodate accommodate relativeoutward relative outward movement/retractionofofthe movement/retraction theconcrete concretebodies bodies(see (seeFigure Figure21). 21).Advantageously, Advantageously, by virtue by virtue of of

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the opposed the opposedarms arms102102 being being ableable to stretch to stretch in this in this way, way, theythey stretch stretch withwith joint joint opening opening

covering the covering the gap gap preventing preventingepoxies epoxiesfrom fromrunning runningdown down thethe jointgapgap joint and and acting acting asas a adebris debris and weed and weeddeterrent. deterrent.

55 Features: Features: 2019264622

 Flexible permanent/removable Flexible capping. permanent/removable capping.

 Option Option 11 to to remain remainpermanently permanentlywith withjoint. joint.  Option Option 22to to be beripped rippedoff offjoint joint (once (once poured) poured)atattear tear points points to to allow allow scrabbling scrabblingofof joint and to create a welled rebate for use of joint sealants. joint and to create a welled rebate for use of joint sealants.

10 10  Wings on side anchor into concrete (either side). Wings on side anchor into concrete (either side).

 Ribs stretch Ribs stretch with joint opening with joint coveringthe opening covering thegap gappreventing preventingepoxies epoxies from from running running

down joint gap down joint gapand andact act as as aa debris debris and and weed deterrent. weed deterrent.

Turning to Figures Turning to Figures 22 22 to to 28, 28, there thereisis shown shown aaconcrete concretefootpath footpathformwork system22, formwork system 22, 15 including 15 including a formwork a formwork panelpanel 76forming 76 for for forming adjacent adjacent concrete concrete panels panels of a footpath, of a footpath, and a and a

support support bracket bracket 106 for supporting 106 for supporting the the system system 22 22 relative relativetoto a ground a groundsurface. The surface. Theformwork formwork

panel 76 has a pair of vertically opposed longitudinal rails 86, and the support bracket 106 panel 76 has a pair of vertically opposed longitudinal rails 86, and the support bracket 106

has an has an engagement engagement formation formation 108 108 which which hasunlocked has an an unlocked orientation orientation (see Figure (see Figure 23) for23) for inserting inserting the theformation formation 108 108 between the opposed between the opposedrails rails to to abut abut against againstthe theformwork formwork panel panel 76 76

20 andand 20 a rotated,locked a rotated, locked orientation(see orientation (seeFigure Figure24) 24)wherein whereinthetheformation formation 108 108 is is locked locked byby the the

rails 86 rails 86 against againstlateral lateralwithdrawal withdrawalfrom fromthe theformwork panel 76. formwork panel 76.

The formation The formation108 108isis unlocked unlockedfrom fromthe theopposed opposedrails rails86 86by byrotation rotation of of the the formation formation

108 abouta alateral 108 about lateralaxis axisofofthe thesystem system from from the the locked locked orientation orientation to the to the unlocked unlocked orientation. orientation.

25 25 Thebracket The bracket106 106isissupported supportedrelative relative to to the the ground groundsurface surfacebybya astake stake110 110and andthethe bracket 106 has an aperture 112 (see Figure 28) for receiving the stake. The stake is threaded bracket 106 has an aperture 112 (see Figure 28) for receiving the stake. The stake is threaded

(see (see Figure Figure 22) 22) and has opposed and has opposedfaces faces114, 114,the thebracket bracket106 106being beingformed formed with with rotationally rotationally

spaced engagement spaced engagement portions portions suchsuch that that the the stake stake 110able 110 is is able to be to be freely freely slid along slid along its its 30 longitudinal 30 longitudinal axis axis through through the the bracket bracket 106 106 and locked and locked by rotating by rotating the stake the stake 110 its 110 about about its longitudinal axis relative to the bracket 106. longitudinal axis relative to the bracket 106.

As can As can be be seen seen in in Figure 28, the Figure 28, the bracket bracket 106 106 terminates terminates at at aalower lower end end thereof thereofabove above

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aa lower edge of lower edge of the the formwork panel76. formwork panel 76.TheThe formwork formwork panel panel 76formed 76 is is formed as a as a unitary unitary partpart

and has a pair of opposed side walls 82 formed integrally with at least one rib 84, the opposed and has a pair of opposed side walls 82 formed integrally with at least one rib 84, the opposed

side walls side 82 defining walls 82 defining aa void void8080therebetween. therebetween. In the In the example example shownshown in Figure in Figure 27, the27, the formwork panel formwork panel 76 six 76 has hassuch six ribs such84, ribscomprising 84, comprising tworibs two external external ribsinternal and four and four internal ribs. ribs.

55 TheThe bracket bracket 106 106 may itself may itself be formed be formed as a unitary as a unitary partmayand part and may have have a rib a central central 116 rib 116 2019264622

extending along extending along thethe length length of bracket of the the bracket 106. 106.

Figures 29a Figures 29a to to 29d 29dshow showa aclip-on clip-onfoot foot120 120 forsupporting for supporting theformwork the formwork panel panel 76. 76. In In particular, there is particular, there is provided provided a a clip-on clip-on foot foot 120120 having having a portion a portion 122a 122a and andfor122b 122b for clipping clipping

10 10 on on to to a bottom a bottom tapered tapered railrail of of thethe formwork formwork panel panel 76. portion 76. The The portion for clipping for clipping on to on theto the

bottom tapered rail is formed of long upright support 122a and a short upright support 122b. bottom tapered rail is formed of long upright support 122a and a short upright support 122b.

The long The long upright upright support support 122a 122a has has aa strengthening strengthening brace brace 124 extendingfrom 124 extending fromthe the long long upright upright support 122a support 122adownwardly downwardlyandand outwardly outwardly to supported to be be supported along along a horizontal a horizontal footfoot portion portion of of the clip-on foot 120. The horizontal foot portion also has a pair of opposed notches 126 for the clip-on foot 120. The horizontal foot portion also has a pair of opposed notches 126 for

15 soilnailing 15 soil nailingofof the the formwork profileusing formwork profile using pins. pins. Advantageously, Advantageously,the theclip-on clip-onfoot foot 120 120 enables enables the formwork the profiletotobebefreestanding, formwork profile freestanding,with withmultiple multiple(for (for example examplethree threeororfour) four)clip-on clip-on feet feet to tobe be fitted fittedalong alonga a span spanofofthe formwork. the formwork. The clip-on foot The clip-on foot 120 120 enables enablesthe the formwork formwork to be to be moved moved totoaafinal final position, position, with with the the notches notches 126 being used 126 being usedfor for pinning pinningthe the formwork formwork panel 76 in position directly in the soil. panel 76 in position directly in the soil.

20 20 Features: Features:

 Formwork Formwork bracing bracing andand height height adjustment adjustment system. system.

 Attached to any Attached to any point point of of the the formwork panelutility formwork panel utility channel channel with with aa twist twist and and

lock CAM lock base. CAM base.

25 25  Inserted and turned 45 degrees to lock. Inserted and turned 45 degrees to lock.

 Fastener-less attachment process is quick and intuitive. Fastener-less attachment process is quick and intuitive.

 Central rib-based shape provides additional anchorage of the joint in one slab Central rib-based shape provides additional anchorage of the joint in one slab

(pour through). (pour through).

 Removable Removable and and reusable reusable before before second second pour pour (stop (stop pour). pour).

30 30  Twist and lock stake lock off. Twist and lock stake lock off.

System Features Overview: System Features Overview:

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 Application: Concrete Application: ConcretePavements Pavements (Footpaths, (Footpaths, Bikeways) Bikeways) for pedestrian for pedestrian and and light light vehicular traffic in vehicular traffic urban residential in urban residential areas, areas, parklands, parklands,commercial commercial (retail) (retail) public spacesand public spaces and civilinfrastructure. civil infrastructure.  Thesystem The systemhashas been been designed designed to satisfy to satisfy the requirements the requirements of Australian of Australian

55 Standard: AS 3727.1:2016 3727.1:2016 ResidentialPavements Pavements 2019264622

Standard: AS Residential

 A modular A modularsolution, solution,with withthe thecapability capabilitytotocast castaarange rangeofofslab slabthicknesses thicknesses 75mm, 100mm, 75mm, 100mm, 125mm 125mm & 150mm. & 150mm. Modular Modular sections sections are joinable are joinable to cast to cast

pavementsupuptoto(and pavements (andgreater greaterthan) than) 4m 4mininwidth. width.  A self-supporting A self-supportingdesign, design,that that is is economical economical to freight, to freight, and isand is easily easily 10 10 assembledononsite. assembled site.  The solution The solutionmust must be be non-corrosive non-corrosive for inuse for use in bayside bayside applications applications or or decorative pavement decorative pavementstreetscapes. streetscapes.  Mustprovide Must providefor forthermal thermalexpansion expansionand andcontraction contractiontotoa amaximum maximum joint joint gapgap

thickness of thickness of 10mm. 10mm.

15 15  A joint A joint system whichminimises system which minimisesthe theimpact impactofofpavement pavement slab slab heaving heaving caused caused

by (1) Tree Roots or (2) Reactive Soil. by (1) Tree Roots or (2) Reactive Soil.

 A joint A joint system systemthat thatcontrols controlsdeflection deflectionunder underthetheconditions conditions slab slab heaving heaving

caused by: (1) caused by: (1) Tree Tree Roots or (2) Roots or (2) Reactive Soil Reactive Soil

20 20 While variousembodiments While various embodiments of the of the present present invention invention have have beenbeen described described above, above, it it should be should be understood understoodthat that they they have been presented have been presented by byway wayofofexample example only,and only, andnot notbybyway way of limitation.ItItwill of limitation. willbebeapparent apparent to atoperson a person skilled skilled inrelevant in the the relevant artvarious art that that various changes changes

in in form anddetail form and detail can can be be made madetherein thereinwithout withoutdeparting departing from from thethe spiritand spirit and scope scope of of thethe

invention. Thus,the invention. Thus, the present present invention invention should shouldnot notbe belimited limited by by any anyofof the the above abovedescribed described 25 exemplary 25 exemplary embodiments. embodiments.

The reference in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived The reference in this specification to any prior publication (or information derived

from it), oror toto any from it), any matter matter which is known, which is is not, known, is not, and and should should not not be be taken taken asas anan acknowledgment acknowledgment or admission or admission or form or any any of form of suggestion suggestion thatprior that that that publication prior publication (or (or 30 information 30 information derived derived from from it) it) or or known known matter matter forms forms partpart of the of the common common general general knowledge knowledge

in the field of endeavour to which this specification relates. in the field of endeavour to which this specification relates.

Throughout thisspecification Throughout this specificationandand thethe claims claims which which follow, follow, unlessunless the context the context

2019264622 22 May 2025

- 18 - - 18 -

requires otherwise, requires otherwise, the the word "comprise", and word "comprise", andvariations variations such such asas"comprises" "comprises"andand "comprising", will "comprising", will be be understood understood to imply to imply the inclusion the inclusion of ainteger of a stated statedorinteger step or or step or group group

of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or of integers or steps but not the exclusion of any other integer or step or group of integers or

steps. steps.

55

- - 19 - 22 May 2025 2019264622 22 May 2025

THE CLAIMS THE DEFINING THE CLAIMS DEFINING THE INVENTION INVENTION ARE ARE AS AS FOLLOWS: FOLLOWS:

1. 1. A dowel for controlling relative level between adjacent panels, wherein the dowel is A dowel for controlling relative level between adjacent panels, wherein the dowel is

formed formed ofofcorrosion-free corrosion-freematerial materialso so as as to to avoid avoid corrosion corrosion of dowel, of the the dowel, the dowel the dowel is is 2019264622

substantially substantially planar, planar,and and the thedowel dowel has has a a cross-ribbed cross-ribbed structure structure on on an an upper upper surface surface and and on on

a lower surface to increase structural rigidity. a lower surface to increase structural rigidity.

2. 2. A dowelasasclamed A dowel clamedininclaim claim1,1, wherein whereinthe thedowel dowelisis formed formedofofmaterial materialwhich whichisis non- non- metallic. metallic.

3. 3. A dowel A dowelasasclamed clamedininclaim claim1 1ororclaim claim2,2,wherein whereinthe thedowel dowelisisformed formedof of a a polymer polymer

material. material.

4. 4. A dowel A dowelasasclamed clamedin in anyany oneone of claims of claims 1 to1 3, to wherein 3, wherein the the dowel dowel is formed is formed of a of a plastic material. plastic material.

5. 5. A dowel A dowelasasclamed clamed in claim in claim 1, wherein 1, wherein the dowel the dowel is formed is formed of a material of a metal metal material portion covered portion in aa polymer covered in material portion. polymer material portion.

6. 6. A dowel A dowelasasclamed clamed in in claim claim 5, 5, wherein wherein the the polymer polymer material material portion portion sealsseals within within

itself itself the the metal materialportion metal material portion in in an an air-tight air-tight seal. seal.

7. 7. A dowelasasclaimed A dowel claimedininany anyone oneofofclaims claims1 1toto6,6, wherein whereinthe thedowel dowelisisininthe the form formofof aa plate. plate.

8. 8. A dowel A dowelasasclaimed claimedininany anyone oneofofclaims claims11to to 7, 7, wherein opposededges wherein opposed edgesofofthe thedowel dowel are taperedinwardly are tapered inwardly toward toward a central a central axis axis of theofdowel, the dowel, the central the central axiswithin axis lying lyinga within plane a plane

of the dowel. of the dowel.

9. 9. A dowelasasclaimed A dowel claimedininclaim claim8,8,wherein whereintapering taperingofofsaid saidopposed opposed edges edges of of thethe plate plate

dowel dowel isisconfigured configured to allow, to allow, in situ, in situ, lateral lateral movement movement betweenbetween the adjacent the adjacent concrete panels concrete panels

- - 20 - 22 May 2025 2019264622 22 May 2025

once thepanels once the panels contract contract during during drying drying of theof the concrete. concrete.

10. 10. A dowel A dowel as claimed as claimed in in any any one one of of claims1 1toto9, claims 9, wherein wherein the the dowel has rounded dowel has rounded

corners. 2019264622

corners.

11. 11. A dowel A dowel as claimed as claimed in claim in claim 10, wherein 10, wherein the rounded the rounded corners corners are radiused. are radiused.

12. 12. A dowel A dowel as claimed as claimed in anyinone anyofone of claims claims 1 to 1 to 11, 11, wherein wherein thehas the dowel dowel has rounded rounded edges. edges.

13. 13. A dowel A dowel as claimed as claimed in wherein in 12, 12, wherein the rounded the rounded edges edges are radiused. are radiused.

14. 14. A dowel A dowel as claimed as claimed in anyinone anyofone of claims claims 1 to 1 to 13, 13, wherein wherein thehas the dowel dowel has a a flange flange arranged to arranged to abut abut against against aa sideform sideform through whichthe through which thedowel dowelisisinserted. inserted.

15. 15. A dowel A dowel as claimed as claimed in claim in claim 14, wherein 14, wherein the flange the flange extends extends in a in a plane plane perpendicular perpendicular

to the plane of the plate dowel. to the plane of the plate dowel.

16. 16. A dowel A dowel as claimed as claimed in claim in claim 15, wherein 15, wherein the flange the flange is adapted is adapted to sealtoagainst seal against the the sideform sideform soso as as to to prevent prevent ingress ingress of concrete of concrete to a joint to a joint between between adjacentadjacent concrete concrete panels. panels.

17. 17. A concrete A concrete footpath footpath formwork formwork system system including including a dowel a dowel for transferring for transferring load load

betweenadjacent between adjacentconcrete concretepanels, panels,wherein whereinthethe dowel dowel is is a dowel a dowel as claimed as claimed in any in any one one of of claims claims 1 1toto22. 22.

18. 18. A concrete A concrete footpathformwork footpath formwork system system includinga asideform including sideformfor for forming forming adjacent adjacent concrete panels ofofa afootpath concrete panels footpathandand a dowel a dowel adapted adapted to extend to extend through through the sideform the sideform for for transferring load transferring load between theadjacent between the adjacentconcrete concretepanels, panels,wherein wherein thethe dowel dowel is aisdowel a dowel as as claimed claimed inin any any oneone of claims of claims 1 to 1 to 22. 22.

19. 19. A concrete A concrete footpath footpath formwork formwork systemsystem as claimed as claimed in claim in claim 24, wherein 24, wherein the sideform the sideform

is is formed as aa unitary formed as unitary panel panel having havingone oneorormore more ribs ribs between between opposed opposed facesfaces to facilitate to facilitate

crushing of the sideform in response to expansion of the concrete panels. crushing of the sideform in response to expansion of the concrete panels.

- 21 - 22 May 2025 2019264622 22 May 2025

20. A concrete 20. A concrete footpath footpath formwork formwork systemsystem as claimed as claimed in 25, in claim claim 25, wherein wherein the sideform the sideform

panel is panel is substantially substantially planar planar and andarranged arranged to to extend extend perpendicular perpendicular to a to a surface surface of theof the footpath. footpath.

1/16 1/16 10 14 Nov 2019 2019264622 14 Nov 2019

10

18 18 2019264622

FIG. 1 FIG. 1 10 10

11111 ......

10000

...... N0000000'

10000' .00000g

....

18 18

FIG. FIG. 2 2 10 10

18 18

FIG. FIG. 3

2/16 2/16 10 10 14 Nov 2019 2019264622 14 Nov 2019 2019264622

18 18

FIG. FIG. 3a 3a 10 10

18 18

FIG. FIG. 3b 3b 10 10

18 18

FIG. FIG. 3c 3c

3/16 3/16 14 Nov 2019 2019264622 14 Nov 2019

10 10

18 18 100000 3000 .0000000 @@@@ 100000 .000000 2019264622

,00 100000' 16 16 ,000 100000' 100000'

16

FIG. FIG. 4 4 10 10

14 14 14 14

12 12 12 12

18 18 18 18

14 0 0 14 14

0 14

FIG. FIG. 5

4/16 4/16 14 Nov 2019 2019264622 14 Nov 2019

22 22

20 20 2019264622

10 18 18 24 24

26 26

FIG. FIG. 6 6

20 20

40 40 30 30

34 34

28 28 10 10 32 32

46 46 36 36

FIG. FIG. 7

5/16 5/16 14 Nov 2019 2019264622 14 Nov 2019

38 38 28 28

84 84 2019264622

54 54 48 48 50 50

44 44

52 52 48 48 42 42 54 54

44 44

FIG. FIG. 8 8

58 58 62 60 62 60

I 4 IS D 4 4 r D 4 1 4 56 56 4 4 4 D

I D 4 I 4 4 4 4 4 4 D 1 4 4 D 4 4 4 4 D 4

4 4 4 4 4 A S 4 4

FIG. FIG. 9

6/16 6/16 14 Nov 2019 2019264622 14 Nov 2019

56 56

70 70

72 2019264622

72

74 74

58 58 60 60 20 20

FIG. FIG. 10 10

56 56

68 68 68 68

1 62 62 D D 60D 60 4 D D D 58 58 D

D D VD 4 4 D I D

4 D D D D 4

D.

4 D 4 4 S

FIG. FIG. 11

7/16 7/16 14 Nov 2019 2019264622 14 Nov 2019

20 20 2019264622

58 58

60 60

66 66 62 62 64 64

FIG. FIG. 12 12

90 90 106 106

AN DA

88 88

110 110

76 76

FIG. FIG. 13

8/16 8/16 14 Nov 2019 2019264622 14 Nov 2019

78 78 78 78

" 4 4

I 4 I 4 4 80 80 4 4 2019264622

4 I I 4 4

I 4 68 68 4 4 68 68 1 4 I 4

4 /// 4 D I I

1 4 4 4 1 4 1 4 4 4 A 4 /

FIG. FIG. 14 14

90 90

88 88

76 76

76 76

FIG. FIG. 15

9/16 9/16 14 Nov 2019 2019264622 14 Nov 2019

90 90 2019264622

86 86

84 84 80 80 82 82

86 86

FIG. FIG. 16 16 90 90

V AND 90 90

88 88

76 76

76 76

FIG. FIG. 17

10/16 10/16 14 Nov 2019 2019264622 14 Nov 2019

90 90 94 94 92 92 100 100 100 100 92 92

4 I4 4

4 I 4 2019264622

4 68 D 68 68 4 68

D 4 D 4 A D D 4

FIG. FIG. 18 18 104 102 104 102 102 104 102 104

4 4 D 98 98 I 4

D 4 D 4 4 D 96 96 4 D 4 4 A I I 4

FIG. FIG. 19 19 104 104 104 104

4 4 D D 4 D 4 I 4 4 D 96 96 4 I 4 D 4 A 1 I 4

FIG. FIG. 20

11/16 11/16 14 Nov 2019

2019

2019264622 14 Nov

102 102 90 90 102 102

4 4 2019264622

4 100 100

I

1 96 96

4 I

FIG. FIG. 21 21 22 22

76 76

HH 114 114

86 86

108 108 106 106

86 86 S

110 110

FIG. FIG. 22

12/16 12/16 14 Nov 2019 2019264622 14 Nov 2019

86 86

76 76 2019264622

106 106

86 86

FIG. FIG. 23 23

86 86

76 76

106 106

86 86

FIG. FIG. 24

13/16 13/16 14 Nov 2019 2019264622 14 Nov 2019

76 76 2019264622

106 106

?

86 86

110 110

FIG. FIG. 25 25

76 76

106 106

86 86

110 110

106 106

110 110

FIG. FIG. 26

14/16 14/16 14 Nov 2019 2019264622 14 Nov 2019 2019264622

86 86

84 84

82 82

86 86

FIG. FIG. 27 27

106 106 112 112

76 76 108 108

116 116

FIG. FIG. 28

15/16 15/16 14 Nov 2019 2019264622 14 Nov 2019 2019264622

124 124

126 126

120 120 122a 122a

FIG. FIG. 2 9a 29a

111 000 5

124 124

126 126

120 120 126 126 122b 122b

FIG. 9b FIG. 229b

16/16 16/16 14 Nov 2019 14 Nov 2019 2019264622

2019264622

122b 122b

126 126

126 126

120 120

FIG. FIG. 2 9c 29c

124 124

V

122a 122a

126 126

126 126

120 120

FIG. 9d FIG. 229d