MXPA97004438A - A procedure for dying polyester mixtures / something - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a single-bath process for diffusing dyeing of polyester and cotton fibers by the use of a vinylsulfone dye reactive to fibers in admixture with a disperse dye under alkaline conditions.

Description

A PROCEDURE FOR DYEING POLYESTER / ALTODON MIXTURES BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION CROSS REFERENCE fl RELATED APPLICATION This application is one with only part of the patent application E.U.fl. Series No. 08 / 355.71. filed on December 1, 1195, now " TECHNICAL FIELD The invention is distinguished from the inertia ation of aJgodon and pol ester using inertias of dispersed and reactive dyes to fibers.

BACKGROUND The use of colorant.es rea ti os vmilsulfona fibers with ba or salt content and disperse dyes in a bathing process for dyeing * mixtures of polyester and cotton fibers is described in the previously identified patent application. . It has now been discovered that the inventive process of the present inventors is also applicable to numerous other fiber reactive dyes capable of providing high color yield or a low dye bath concentration in electrolytes at a bath temperature. of high colorant and this application is directed to broader aspects of the invention. Mixtures of cotton and polyester fibers are important textiles used in the manufacture of tola products and other textile products. Unfortunately, the colorants and the process conditions used to color cotton are different than the colorants and procedures used to make it go away from it. - > . The cotton fibers are stained using fiber-reactive dyes of the types of viml sulphone, dichloroqualkylone, halogenotriazine and halogenrnopyrimidine which are well known in the art. The fiber reactive dyes are generally applied to the fiber under alkaline conditions at a temperature of about 40 ° to 110 ° C from an aqueous solution containing an electrolyte that promotes the passage of colorant from the dye barium to the fiber. These dyes form a covalent chemical bond with the hydroxyl groups of cotton and exhibit excellent binding properties. Fiber-reactive dyes are also hydrolytic, have a high degree of affinity for cellulosic cotton fibers and are stable under alkaline pH conditions but are not thermally stable as are some other dyes. Polyester fibers, for example. , they are hydrophilic and are usually stained with disperse dyes that are also hydrophilic. Dispersed dyes are sparingly soluble in water and must be dispersed in water with the aid of a dispersing agent, usually a surfactant in combination with other auxiliaries. Dispersed dyes give the polyester fiber * color by diffusion into the fiber under the influence of heat and staining aids. Unfortunately, the disperse dyes are generally not stable at a higher pH and are usually applied at a pH of 5-7 ° C at a temperature of 120 ° -l0 ° 0. In addition, the dispersion of disperse dye may be sensitive to electrolytes that tend to produce dispersion instability. In commercial practice, the polyester / odon mixtures are stained by means of three well dyeing procedures. known that are: (1) a conventional two-bath procedure; (2) a two-bath reverse process and (3) a multi-step bath procedure. In the conventional two-bath process, the polyester / cotton mixture is first dyed with a disperse dye in the dye bath at a pH of 5-7 at 120 ° -1440 ° W to dye the polyester fiber component of inertia. The polyester / cotton pellet is then removed from this first dye bath and transferred to a second dye bath containing a dye reactive to fibers, electrolyte and alkaline material. Alternatively, the disperse dye bath is removed from the colorant container and replaced by the fiber reactive dye bath. The cotton component of the mixture is then stained under alkaline conditions at a temperature of about 0 ° -10 ° C. The two-bath reverse process comprises an inversion of the staining order of the conventional process; first dyeing the cotton with the fiber-reactive dye and then the polyester * with the color-dispersed in separate baths of function. In the single-pass multi-step process, a single dye bath is prepared and the cotton portion of the mixture is stained under alkaline conditions and at low erature in the presence of electrolyte. The dye bath is then acidified to reduce the pH V and adds a disperse colored-faced and the polyester position of the mixture is stained at 10 ° C to 130 ° C. The Patent of E.U.A. Do not,. No. 4,359,322 (Neal) describes a process for dyeing polyester / cotton blends with alkali-stable dispersed dyes and reactive dyes to vi nyl sulfone, di fluoro or pyrirnidine, dichlorogy noxalm, t-chloropyririmide, di chlorotri azine and onoclorotpazi fibers. na The Neal v322 Patent procedure uses high concentrations of electrolyte in the dye barium and does not provide the brilliant dyes of this invention. The teachings of the U.S. Patent. No. 4,359,322 are incorporated herein by reference. Some other patents report other techniques for dyeing polyester / odon mixtures; see for example, patents of F.U.A. 5,109,133; 4,568, 351 and 4,723,960, whose teachings are incorporated herein by reference. One purpose of this invention is to provide a simple method of mixing polyether / cotton blends using a single color-to-water bath essentially at the same pH without the need to change * the dye bath or to add * auxiliary or neutral agents. ralizadores or to change the conditions of the procedure except the er tu? to. i or BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION This invention is a process for dyeing by diffusion of a mixture of polyester / to the godon in a single bath of dye using a dye reactive to low-salt fibers and a dispersed dye stable to alkaline material in admixture. .e prepares a dye bath at an elevated temperature (about 35 ° C containing a dye reactive to low-salt fibers, an electrolyte, a stable dispersion dye to alkaline material and alkaline material in an aqueous medium having a pH in the range of about 8 to about 11. A portion of cotton is dyed at a temperature of 40 ° -1000 ° or keeping the dyebath at that temperature for a time from about 15 minutes to several hours, preferably about 20 minutes at 100 ° C very preferably at a temperature of about 75 ° C to about 85 ° C. The dye bath is then heated to a temperature of about 120 ° - 140 ° C for about 20 minutes. 15 minutes to about 1 hour, preferably at about 30 minutes, and the dyebath is cooled, the cloth is rinsed and dried.Fiber-reactive dyes with useful salt content or ba They provide uniform, high-performance stains. The method of the invention achieves these higher stains at lower costs for energy, raw materials and high productivity while simultaneously providing the environmental advantage of the ba or salt content effluent.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED MODALITIES The invention is directed to a method of staining polymer / cotton blends and useful coloring compositions herein. The poly ester / odon mixtures can be dyed according to the invention by a single-bath diffusion dyeing process using alkali-stable dispersion dyes and low-salt fiber reactive dyes in a solution of aqueous dye bath under conditions of aleal pH. The process of the invention comprises dyeing polyester / cotton blends by the lost dyeing method. In the process of the invention, an aqueous dye bath is prepared which contains the alkaline-stable dispersion dye component, color component * before reagent to low-salt fibers, an electrolyte and an alkaline component. According to the process of the invention, the dyebath containing the mixture of? Ol? Ester / to the godon is heated 40 ° C to 110 ° C to effect the dyeing of the cotton portion of the mixture with the composes te of dye reactive to fibers. The dye bath is maintained at the selected temperature for an appropriate time to diffuse the fiber reactive dye to the cotton fiber; generally about 15 minutes to about 1 hour. c., e have obtained excellent results at 80 ° C «for 30 minutes. The dye bath is then heated to about 120 ° C to 140 ° C to dye the polioster * portion of the mixture with the alkaline-stable dispersion dye. They have obtained excellent results at 130 ° C for 30 minutes. The dye bath is then cooled and the fabric rinsed and dried, and can employ normal dye bath auxiliaries in the process; v. gr. , restoring agents, leveling aids, water softeners, etc. The amount of electrolyte and alkaline material used in the dyebath depends on the amount of dye reactive to fibers with low salt content used in the dyebath. Deep shadows require more colorant which in turn requires more electrolyte and more alkaline material. The proper amount of alkaline material and electrolyte can be determined by simple experiment, the electrolyte concentration will typically range from about 25 grams per liter to 1% of a fiber reactive dye to about 50 grams per liter at a color-to-white level. reagent to ñ% fibers (percentage by weight on the fabric) at a solution ratio of 10: 1. In a similar way *, the amount of alkaline material required will depend on the concentration of vinylsulfone reactive to fibers. Typically, the amount of alkaline material required will be on the scale of about 0.5 to about 3% on a dye concentration of about 1% by weight to 6% by weight. The low-salt fiber reactive dyes can be used in their free acid form or in the alkaline salt form, preferably in the form "Je" -, <; ~ \ 1. The process of the invention provides high quality dyeings with the following advantages: high productivity through reduced cycle time, use of high energy bath, high dye bath diffusion (color rendering * and improved accumulation) and environmental emissions low. The process of the invention provides an apr-ox color yield of 90% of the strength achieved under normal staining conditions. In addition, in conventional incineration procedures for polyester / odsn mixtures, a reactive dye fibers generally lose 20 to 50% of their strength. Fst loss in color performance is avoided with the process and compositions of this invention. The dyes reactive to fibers useful in the invention have the following characteristics: (a) they can be used * at a low concentration of electrolytes in the dye bath; v.vg ,. , in an amount of 50 grams / liter or less, preferably 40 grams / liter or less while providing high color yield, that is, at least 80% of the color yield obtained when dyed at 110 to 140 grams per liter of dye bath electrolyte concentration, preferably by at least 85% and most preferably 90% or more; (b) provide high fixation and high color yield at a bathing bath pH of around B to 11, preferably from about 8.5 to 10.5 and are thermally stable (dye bath temperatures in the scale of 110). The following test procedure is used to determine whether a particular water-soluble fiber-reactive dye is a low-salt dye for the purpose of this invention, after determining that the dye will provide high reagent. When the color is measured at a low-color bath-elect roll concentration, the dye is sieved by dyeing it at 4% by weight based on the cloth on a 100% cotton test specimen at a solution ratio of 10: 1 using 40 grams per liter of electrolyte and 6.5% by weight of Rernol FB (available from DyStar LP, Charlotte, NC) to give a dye bath pH of about 11. The dye is conducted at the normal temperature and time for the class of coloring of the dye being sifted; that is, at 60 ° C for 45 minutes for dyes of vi or Isulphone, rnonchlorothiazide, monof] uorot pazma, bis- monochlororot pazine, dichloroquinoxalone and Logenopyridine river and at 71.1 ° C for 45 minutes for dyes of bi s- rnon fl uorot iazm, and the cloth is rinsed, The dye yield on the cloth is then measured using a photon or et or computer-aided spectrum system and recorded in units of color density (CDU). The dye is then used to dye the fabric according to the method of the invention at 4% by weight based on the fabric on 100% cotton test specimen at a solution ratio of 10: 1 using 40 grams per * liter of electrolyte and%% by weight of Rornol F to give a dye bath pH of about 10. The dyeing is conducted for 15 minutes at 79.4 and then the temperature is rinsed at 129.4 and is carried out for 20 minutes and the fabric is then rinsed. The dye yield is measured by the system (l spectrofoyed by or aided by computer and is measured in units of color density (CDU) .The stains are then compared to determine * the color redemption voltage obtained at 60 ° C. against the color correction obtained at 79.4-129"40C (CDU value at 79.4-129.4.4 * CDU value at 60oC x 100 =%) A low salt content dye acceptable for the purpose of this invention Provides a color correction * of staining of at least 80% of the color yield obtained under normal staining procedure conditions (60-71..1.) or when stained according to the procedure of The invention is very preferably about 85% and most preferably 90% or more.These dyes are defined as reactive dyes to low salt fibers for the purpose of this invention. illustrate the performance criteria. Yellow? R from Rema zol "EF was dried at 60 ° C according to the above procedure (62.7 ° C for 45 minutes) and gave a color yield of 1.9 CDU when the same dye was set at 79.4-129.4 ° C according to the above procedure, the color yield was 0.775 CDU. This dye was unacceptable since the high temperature color flash was only 55% of the ba value at temperature (0.775 / 1.9 x 100 -55%). Yellow LS R Cibaoron was applied according to the above procedure (71.1 ° C for 45 minutes), the color yield at 7l.l ° C was 21 ODU and at 79. -129.4 ° C the dye yield was 2.037. This dye was acceptable as the color yield at high temperature was 97% of the color yield at low U GA temperature. Typically, those low-salt fiber reactive dyes that are useful in the invention can be further characterized by the following: The reactive component to pounds may be of the vin lsulfone series which are well known in the art. The vinylsulfone dyes useful in the invention should contain at least two fiber-reactive groups of the general formula -SO2Y, wherein Y represents the vimio group or the group -CH2CH2Z, wherein Z is a gr * u ? or capable of being eliminated by * the action of an alkaline reagent. Z can be sulfate, phosphate, chlorine to bromine, thiosulfate, etc. As an alternative, the dye may contain one or more reactive groups of mono fl uor ot riazine or onoclorot pazine and a group vi m Isulphone. Generally, it has been found that the dyes of vinyl sulphone, naNonocornot and mono-fluorotnazine having a single reactive substituent are not acceptable for use in this invention. However, an exception to this finding is a dye having a reactive group and a substituent of cyanamide in a 1-to-1 group. Illustrative vi and 1 sulphona dyes and mixed dyes of vinylsulphone, onoclorotpazine and monof1 uorot nazine useful in the invention are the following. The following abbreviations for the reactive groups are used in the following list of dyes: VS - v i ni 1 its L phona MCT - monoc1oro triaz Lna HF T - mono luorot ria ina Yellow dye 1 Reagent F rm ag 10 2 groups VS Scarlet Dye 1 Reagent form, p. eleven 1 group VS and 1 group MFT Red dye l Reactive Fopn page 11 2 groups VS and 1 group MCT Color-ante Ro or 2 Reagent Fopn. p. eleven 2 VS groups and 1 MCT group Color Ro or 3 Rea < : Fopn. p. 12 3 VS groups and 1 MCT group Orange dye l forrn reagent. p. 12 1 group VS and 1 MCT Colorant Ro or Violet 1 Reac ivo Form p. 12 2 VS groups and 1 MCT group Violet Red Dye 2 LU Form Reagent. p. 1 l, 2 group VS and 1 group MCF Colorant Ro or Violet 3 Reagent 0 For. p. 1 2a, 2 groups VS and 1 group MCT Color-before Violet 1 Reagent: or * m "pag. 1 3a, 2 VS groups and 1 MCT group Colorant Ro or Violet 4 Reagent form. pag ,, 14 2 VS groups and 1 MCT group Colorant Ro or Violet 5 Reagent form., Pag. 14 2 groups Go and 1 group MCT Color Red Violet 6 Reagent: orm. p. 14 2 VS groups and 1 MCT group Blue dye 1 React ivo form. p. fifteen 2 groups Vs and 1 group MCT Colórante Az 1 2 React i vo forrn. p. fifteen 1 group VS and 1 group cyanamide Blue Dye 3 Reagent Form, p. fifteen 2 VS groups and 1 MCT group Blue dye 4 Reagent form. p. 16 1 group VS and 1 group MCT Co 1 Orante A ul 5 React ivo form. p. 16 2 groups VS Blue Dye 6 Reagent form p. 16 2 groups VS Illustrative trade publications of the type of vi ni 1 sulona and of the type of reactive group ixt of vi ni 1 sul fona, moneólorot p azi na or mono luorot riaz ina useful in this invention are: red colorants M-RB RernazolR, FF red BS of Rernazol®, EF blue FB of Remazol®, bright yellow 3 GL of Remazo®, EF red 2 BT of Re azol® P., available from DyStar LP, Char * lotte, NC, USA, orange CG of C® bacron®, yellow CR of C? bacron.RTM. available from Ciba-Geigy Corporation.Suinmit, M, FUA Dyes reactive to low-salt fibers containing two or more reactive groups of rnonohal ogenot riazi na (monochloro or mono-chloroan) are also available. can be used in the invention The nonchlorotriazma and rnonofluorotr lazma groups have the formulas formulas pag. An illustrative low salt content dye useful in the invention having at least the monohalogenotr-iazine groups is a dye of the formula: forin. p. 18 X-Cl or F Commercial dyes illustrative of the reactive group of bis-rnonoclort riazi na and bi s-rnonof lort pazma useful in the process of the invention are: red HE-313 do ProcionR (red 120 reactive), Orange HE-R Proc? OnR (orange 34 reagent), blue HE-GN Proc? OnR (blue 187: 1 reagent) available from r? Ld, UK; and blue dyes LS 3R of C? bacron, scarlet LS of C? bacronR and yellow LS R of C? BacronR available from Ciba-Geigy Corporation ,, Surnmit, N.3. Low-salt fiber reactive dyes having one or more dichloroquinoxalone reactive groups can be used in the invention. The dichloroquinoxalone group has the formula: for *. pag., 18 A fiber reactive dye of L * > Illustrative salt content garlic having a group reactive to di chloroqui-noxalone fibers that can be used in the process of this invention is: for *. p. 19 A commercial dye illustrating the type of reactive group of < 1? eloroqui noxalona is yellow gold EG from LevafLXR available from DyStar LP, Charlotte, NC. A dye reactive to low salt fibers that has one or more reactive groups from the tp halogenpn prnidine series can also be used * in the process of the invention. The reactive group of nhalogenopyrirnidine has the formula: form p. 19 2 < *, "Wherein X is independently selected from Cl and F; preferably at least one substituent X is selected from F. Illustrative reactive dyes to low salt content fibers having a tphalogenopipinidine group which may be used in the process of the invention are: form < p. ?OR Illustrative dyes of the reactive group of t r *? halogenopí irnidina are E-3GA.de Levaf? xR (orange 64 reactive), scarlet E-2GA, from Levifix "(ro or 123 reagent), and ro or F-6BA from Levaf? xR (red 159 reagent), available from Dy tar LP. Charlotte, NC. the above description * is meant to be illustrative and not limiting. Low-salt fiber reactive dyes within the scope of this invention include colorants wherein the fiber reactive groups may be of different types; eg, a dichloroqumoxalone group and one or more fiber-reactive groups selected from the reactive groups' *, vi ilsul phona fibers, onoclorot paz ina, mono luototpuz i na and tphalogenopí rimi ina selected from the same class, eg, two groups tri chloropyridine or two chloroquine groups, loxalones, etc. An illustrative dye having different reactive groups to fibers that provide excellent results is marine blue E-BNA dye from Levaf? XR (available from DyStar LP, Charlotte, NC) with a group reactive to vinylsulfone fibers and a di fluoro onocl group oropy. r idi na The alkaline-stable stable before-dispersed colors useful in this invention are characterized by being chemically stable in the range of pHV around G to about 11. A dispersed stable agent to the alkaline material can be further characterized because it does not suffer from random pitch paths. at high temperature and in alkaline conditions and because dispersion of dispersed dye provides level quMSiones. These dyes are known; see, for example, US Pat. No. 4,359,322 col. 11-12. The illustrative alkali stable dispersed dyes useful in this invention have the following formulas: Yellow coloring 1 dispersed fo m pag. twenty-one 1) Co orant e Ama ri 1.1 or 2 Di sperso Form p. 22 the, Red Coloring 1 Scattered form p. 22 2a, R Coloring Violet 1 Scattered form p. 2 3a, Coloring Violet 2 Scattered lining, pag. 22 4a, Orange Coloring .1 Scattered for. p. 23 the, Blue Dye 1 Scattered forrn. p. 23 Blue Coloring 2 Dispersed form ,, pag. 23 3rd, Dispersible colorants stable to the illustrative alkaline material are commercially available from DyStar L.P., Charlotte, NC; e.g., the following ispersal dyes: Color-ante yellow 5G-E of Blue dye FBL-F of D? an? xR D? an? x Color-ante yellow AC-E of Blue dye BG-FS 200 of D? An? XR (blue 73 dispersed) D? An? X Dye Yellow H2G-FS of Dye Dark blue B-SE 200 D? An? XR of DLan? X (Yellow 160 Scattered) New Dye Yellow Dye Blue GR-F 140 of UN-SE 200 by D? An? X D? An? X (Blue 81 dispersed) New Dye Orange Blue Dye GR-200 of UN-SE of ü? An? X D? An? R Coloring Orange GS-E Coloring Turquoise G-FS200 D? AmxR D? An? XR (Orange dispersed 73) Coloring red F-BE 00 Coloring Blue Mari or BG-SF of D? An? XR D? An ? R (Red 60 Scattered) Red Dye AC-F Gray Dye R-SE f)? An? X Diam xR Black Dye * or RB-FS200 D? An? XR Red Dye HB2-A Yellow Dye 5GL 200 Diam xR Resol i nR Red Colorant UN-SE- Red Color F3 BS 150 of D? An? XR Resol in Dye Red blush KB-FS Color-before Red Violet FBL 200 D? An? XR Resol ín Color-before Violet FHPL-SE Dye Blue F2 GS Resol in de D? An? XR The process of the invention is to conduct it within a pH ranging from about 8 to about 11; preferably on the scale of around 8.5 to 10..5. The pH of the dye bath is controlled by the use of an alkali, preferably together with a pH regulating agent. The illustrative alkalis are hydroxides and carbonates of sodium, potassium and lithium, preferably not of potassium. PH regulators and reagents include sodium bicarbonate, disodium acid phosphate, borax, potassium hydrogen phosphate, and sodium or sodium bicarbonate. A mixture of potassium and etasilicaf or sodium hydroxide is a preferred combination for controlling the pH of the dye bath. Optional, the pH can be controlled by a metered addition of an alkaline solution to the dye bath. The following examples illustrate the invention. These examples are to be considered illustrative and are not intended to limit * the scope of the motion or the claims. The percentages, unless otherwise indicated, are in percent by weight based on the weight of the fabric.

E3EHPL0 1 A dye bath at approximately 32 ° C was prepared by following the ingredients at a solution ratio of 10: 1.

,.% Red Color Violet 5 reagent 0. 0% Violet 1 dispersed dye 40.0 g / 1 Glauber's salt (sodium sulfate) 1. 5% Alkali FB of Rernol (Mixture of KOH and Na2S? 03) 2.0% DC Surfactant of RernolR (an ester of ammonium phosphate of a fatty alcohol) A test specimen of a 50:50 polyester / odón fabric in the amount of 10 grams was added to the bath. The temperature of the dye bath rose from 32 ° C to about 38 ° C at the rate of 1 ° C per minute and was maintained at 80 ° C for 45 minutes. The temperature of the dye bath was then raised to approximately 130 ° C at a rate of 1 ° C / minute kept at 130 ° C for 30 minutes. The bath was cooled after 90 ° C and the fabric was rinsed and dried. The color yield in units of color density (CDU) was measured on the cloth using a computer-aided spectrophotometer. the color performance on the fabric was 1,801CDU. The alkali FB of Rernol "and a] DC surfactant Rernol® used in this example are products available from Hoechst Celanese Corporation, Sornerville, New Jersey, 08876 CU.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1 Example 1 was repeated using violinyl dye reactive to reactive Cl 5 violet fibers. The color yield was measured on the dyed fabric and was 0.672 CDU. compared to the staining of example 1, the color yield in this stain was 37% (0.672 / 1.801) of that of example 1.

EXAMPLE 2 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated except that the dye bath contained the following ingredients. 2. 0% Dye Red-1 reactive 0.8% Dye Red-l dispersed 40.0 g / 1 Glauber's salt 1.5% lcali FB of Re ?nol 2.0% DC of Remo 1R Fi yield of color on the specimen had was 381 COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2 Example 2 was added except that the vmilsulfone dye reactive to fibers used was red 180 EC reagent. The color yield on the cloth dyed was 0.H8 CDU. Compared to the staining of Example 2, the color yield on this stain was 37% (0.88 / 2.381) of that of Example 2.

EXAMPLE 3 A dye bath was prepared at 37"7 ° C which consisted of the following: 1. 50% Scarlet E-2GA of Levaf? X 2.50% EF Pore BS of Rernazol 20 1.00% Blue E-GRN of Leva ix * 0.30% Orange G ~ SE of D? An? XR 0.35% Red F3 6S of Resol i nR 50.0 g / 1 Olauber's salt 2.00% Solegal's P (auxiliary *) 5 2.5% Removing FB (l ca i) A 20/80 do polyester / odón fabric was dyed with the previously prepared dye baffle solution ratio of 10: 1 (dye bath: weight of the fabric) as if: The temperature of the dye barium rose at a speed of l. I2 ° / m at a temperature of 80 ° C and was carried out for 15 minutes. The temperature was then raised to a speed of 1.68 ° C / min at a temperature of 129 ° C and carried out for 20 minutes. The dye bath was cooled and drained. The fabric is rinsed, soaped, rinsed and dried. The result was a brown stain with good fabric construction properties, color rendering and fixation. Having described the present invention in detail, it is obvious that the person skilled in the art will be able to make variations and modifications of the same without departing from the i1 cance of 1 a nvention »

Claims (14)

NOVELTY OF THE INVENTION CLAIMS

1. A process for dyeing blends of polyester * and cotton fibers comprising diffusing dyeing said mixture with a dye bath comprising a water-soluble fiber-reactive dye component, and an alkali-stable dispersed dye component in the mixture in the presence of an electrolyte and an alkali, characterized in that the pH of said dye bath is about 8 to 11; because the concentration of said electrolyte is less than about 50 grams per liter, and because said fiber reactive dye component comprises at least one dye reactive to ba fibers or salt content.

2.- A process according to claim 1, further characterized in that said low-salt fiber reactive dye comprises at least two fiber-reactive groups independently selected from vini groups Isulfone, rnonoclorotpazma and rnonofluorotriazine reactive to fibers.

3. A process according to claim 1, further characterized in that said low-salt fiber reactive dye comprises at least one fiber reactive group independently selected from dichloroquinoxalone and phalogenopyrimidine reactive fiber groups.; wherein the subst 11 halogen of the t r *? halogen ?? r? n? d? na are independently selected from chlorine and fluorine.

4. A method according to claim 3, further characterized in that said trihalogen-pyridine comprises at least one fluorine substutent.

5. A process according to claim 1, further characterized in that said low-salt fiber reactive dye has at least one fiber-reactive group selected from groups of vi or 1-sulphone, monomlorotriane and monofluorotpazine reactive. to fibers and at least a group of s-tpa ina substituted by cyanamide.

6. A process according to claim 1, further characterized in that said low-salt reactive reactive dye has at least one fiber reactive group selected from the group of vi or 1 sulphona reactive to fi and at least one group of na na replaced by cyanamide.

7. A process according to claim 1, further characterized in that a mixture of potassium hydroxide and sodium rnetasilica is used to control the pH of the color-ante bath.

8. A process in accordance with claim 2, further characterized in that a mixture of potassium hydroxide and sodium etasilicate is used to control the pH of the co-ointment bath.

9. A procedure in accordance with the law. indication 3, further characterized in that a mixture of potassium hydroxide and sodium metasilicate is used to control the pH of the dye bath.

10. A process according to claim 4, further characterized in that a mixture of potassium hydroxide and sodium catalyst is used to roll the pH of the dye bath,

11. A process according to claim 5, further characterized in that a mixture of potassium hydroxide and sodium cathex is used to rotate the pH of the dye bath.

12. A process according to claim 6, further characterized in that a mixture of potassium hydroxide and sodium metasite is used to control the pH of the dye bath.

13. A process according to claim 2, further characterized in that said fiber reactive dye component comprises at least one dye reactive to low salt fiber of:

Colorant Amari llo 1 Reagent

Forrn page 1

I fl Scarlet Dye 1 Reactivo fopn. p. 1

15 Color-ante Red 1 Reagent

0 Form. page 31

5 Red Dye 2 Reagent Form. p. 32

Red Dye 3 Reagent Form. p. 32

Anant dye 1 Reagent form. p. 32

Violet Red Coloring 1 Reagent "orrn .. page 33

Violet Red 2 Reagent Form. p. 3

Violet Red Color 3 Reagent Form. :: > ag 32

Violet Dye 1 Reagent form. p. 34 Violet Red Coloring 4 Reagent for,. p. 3. 4

Violet Red Coloring 5 Reagent form. p. 3. 4

Colorant- Violet Red 6 Reagent Form. p. 35

Blue Coloring .1 Reagent lining, pag. 35 Colo before Blue Reactive

forrn. p. 35

Blue dye 3 Reagent Fo m. p. 36

Blue dye 4 Reagent form .. pag. 36

Blue dye React ivo form. p. 36

Blue dye fi Reagent form. p. 37

14. - A method according to claim 13, further characterized in that the pH is controlled by * a mixture of potassium hydroxide and sodium methylester.