WO2025236722A1

WO2025236722A1 - Reporting of performance monitoring

Info

Publication number: WO2025236722A1
Application number: PCT/CN2025/070571
Authority: WO
Inventors: Yinghao ZHANG; Jianfeng Wang; Hongmei Liu; Bingchao LIU
Original assignee: Lenovo Beijing Ltd
Current assignee: Lenovo Beijing Ltd
Priority date: 2025-01-03
Filing date: 2025-01-03
Publication date: 2025-11-20
Anticipated expiration: 2027-07-03

Abstract

Example embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a reporting of a performance monitoring. In one aspect, a network entity may transmit, to a UE, a first configuration of a first CSI report for a monitoring of a functionality. The first configuration is associated with a second configuration of a second CSI report for an inference of the functionality. The UE may determine a monitoring result based on a set of measurement results on a first resource set for the monitoring and a set of inference results associated with the set of measurement results, and transmit the monitoring result to the network entity in the first CSI report. In this way, a monitoring result for a functionality may be determined and reported to NW, and thus management of the functionality may be facilitated.

Description

REPORTING OF PERFORMANCE MONITORING

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to methods, apparatuses and computer-readable media for a reporting of a performance monitoring.

BACKGROUND

A wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations, which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. Each network communication device, such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology. The wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) . Additionally, the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .

A performance monitoring is essential to guarantee performance gain provided by an artificial intelligence (AI) /machine learning (ML) functionality or model. For AI/ML-based beam management (BM) with a user equipment (UE) -sided model, UE-assisted performance monitoring is supported where UE provides performance metric calculated by itself to a network (NW) . Thus, a reporting of a performance monitoring needs to be further developed.

SUMMARY

The present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media that support a reporting of a performance monitoring. By associating a channel status information (CSI) report configuration for a monitoring of a functionality and a CSI report configuration for an inference of the functionality, a monitoring result may be determined and reported to NW, and thus management of the functionality may be facilitated.

In one aspect, some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may comprise: receiving, at a UE and from a network entity via a transceiver, a first configuration of a first CSI report for a monitoring of a functionality, the first configuration being associated with a second configuration of a second CSI report for an inference of the functionality; determining a monitoring result based on a set of measurement results on a first resource set for the monitoring and a set of inference results associated with the set of measurement results; and transmitting, to the network entity via the transceiver, the monitoring result in the first CSI report.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the first configuration comprises at least one of the following: an identity of the second configuration, or an identity associated with the first and second configurations. The second configuration comprises at least one of the following: an identity of the first configuration, or the identity associated with the first and second configurations.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the first configuration indicates a periodic reporting for the monitoring of the functionality, and the second configuration indicates a periodic reporting for the inference of the functionality.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the first configuration indicates a semi-persistent reporting for the monitoring of the functionality, and the second configuration indicates a periodic or semi-persistent reporting for the inference of the functionality.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the first configuration indicates an aperiodic reporting for the monitoring of the functionality, and the second configuration indicates a periodic or semi-persistent or aperiodic reporting for the inference of the functionality.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, a resource in the first resource set for the monitoring is associated with one or more resources in a second resource set for the inference.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the resource in the first resource set for the monitoring and a resource in the second resource set for the inference have a same identity.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the resource in the first resource set has a same quasi co-location relationship with the one or more resources in the second resource set.

Some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may further comprise: receiving, from the network entity via the transceiver, first information for the first resource set comprising at least one of following: one or more identities of the one or more resources in the second resource set associated with the resource in the first resource set, or one or more bitmaps. A size of a bitmap in the one or more bitmaps is the same as a size of the second resource set for the inference and a bit in the bitmap corresponds to a resource in the second resource set for the inference.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, determining the monitoring result may comprise: determining one or more pairs of measurement results on the first resource set and inference results based on a time interval between a transmission occasion associated with a measurement result on the first resource set and a reference occasion associated with an inference result in each pair; and determining the monitoring result based on the one or more pairs of measurement results on the first resource set and inference results.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the time interval between the transmission occasion and the reference occasion is the shortest among one or more transmission occasions of the first resource set.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the time interval between the transmission occasion and the reference occasion is smaller than or equal to a threshold.

Some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may further comprise: determining the time interval by one of the following: determining the time interval based on a first symbol of the transmission occasion and a first symbol of the reference occasion; or in accordance with a determination that the transmission occasion is not later than the reference occasion, determining the time interval based on the first symbol of the transmission occasion and the first symbol of the reference occasion; or in accordance with a determination that the transmission occasion is later than the reference occasion, determining the time interval based on a last symbol of the transmission occasion and the first symbol of the reference occasion.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the one or more transmission occasions is earlier than the reference occasion and the time interval is determined based on a first symbol of the transmission occasion and a first symbol of the reference occasion.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the reference occasion comprises one of the following: a slot of a CSI reference resource associated with the second CSI report carrying the inference result; a transmission occasion of a third resource set associated with the second configuration; a slot of the second CSI report carrying the inference result; or a beginning of a prediction time instance.

Some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may further comprise: determining the inference result based on a measurement on the transmission occasion of the third resource set.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, determining the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results may comprise: determining a duration based on a slot of a CSI reference resource associated with the second CSI report carrying the inference result, a periodicity of the first resource set and a first parameter value, or based on the slot of the CSI reference resource and a second parameter value; and determining the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results based on the duration.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, determining the monitoring result may comprise: determining number of first predictions in the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results; and determining the monitoring result based on the number of the first predictions or based on a ratio of the number of the first predictions and number of predictions in the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results.

Some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may further comprise: determining that for one pair of a measurement result and an inference result, a prediction is a first prediction based on a first number of beams with the best measured beam qualities in the measurement result and a second number of best predicted beams corresponding to the inference result for the prediction.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the second number of best predicted beams are best predicted beams selected from beams corresponding to the first resource set.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, a resource in the first resource set for the monitoring is associated with multiple resources in a second resource set for the inference. Some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may further comprise: determining that for one pair of a measurement result and an inference result, a prediction is a first prediction based on one of the following: a best predicted beam corresponding to the inference result for the prediction is one of multiple beams corresponding to the multiple resources in the second resource set and the resource in the first resource set has the best measured beam quality in the measurement result; or at least part of multiple beams corresponding to the multiple resources in the second resource set are among a second number of best predicted beams corresponding to the inference result for the prediction and the resource in the first resource set has the best measured beam qualities in the measurement result.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the number of first predictions is counted across a set of prediction time instances in the second configuration, and the number of predictions in the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results is counted across the set of prediction time instances.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the monitoring result comprises a set of results associated with a set of prediction time instances in the second configuration. The number of the first predictions is counted separately for the set of prediction time instances, and the number of predictions in the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results is counted separately for the set of prediction time instances.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, transmitting the monitoring result may comprise: in accordance with a determination that the monitoring result is in a first range, setting a CSI field of the first CSI report to be a first bit value; and in accordance with a determination that the monitoring result is in a second range, setting the CSI field of the first CSI report to be a second bit value.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, transmitting the monitoring result may comprise: determining occupation time of one or more CSI processing units (CPUs) for the monitoring result; and transmitting the monitoring result in the first CSI report based on the occupation time of the one or more CPUs.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, determining the occupation time of the one or more CPUs may comprise at least one of the following: in accordance with a determination that a transmission occasion of the first resource set is not earlier than the second CSI report carrying an inference result associated with the transmission occasion, determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from a first symbol of the transmission occasion until a third number of symbols after a last symbol of the transmission occasion; in accordance with a determination that the transmission occasion of the first resource set is earlier than the second CSI report carrying the inference result, determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion until a latest one of the third number of symbols after the last symbol of the transmission occasion or a last symbol of the second CSI report carrying the inference result; in accordance with a determination that the transmission occasion is the latest one transmission occasion of the first resource set, which is not later than a CSI reference resource corresponding to the first CSI report carrying the monitoring result, determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion until a last symbol of the first CSI report carrying the monitoring result; or determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion until the third number of symbols after the last symbol of the transmission occasion.

In another aspect, some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may comprise: transmitting, at a network entity to a UE via a transceiver, a first configuration of a first CSI report for a monitoring of a functionality, the first configuration being associated with a second configuration of a second CSI report for an inference of the functionality; and receiving, from the UE via the transceiver, a monitoring result of the functionality in the first CSI report.

Some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may further comprise: transmitting, to the UE via the transceiver, first information for the first resource set comprising at least one of following: one or more identities of the one or more resources in the second resource set associated with the resource in the first resource set, or one or more bitmaps. A size of a bitmap in the one or more bitmaps is the same as a size of the second resource set for the inference and a bit in the bitmap corresponds to a resource in the second resource set for the inference.

Some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein may further comprise: transmitting, to the UE via the transceiver, a configuration indicating a duration for determination of the monitoring result. The configuration comprises at least one of the following: a slot of a CSI reference resource associated with the second CSI report carrying an inference result; a periodicity of a first resource set for the monitoring; a first parameter value; or a second parameter value.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the monitoring result is associated with a time instance of the inference.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, the monitoring result comprises a set of results associated with a set of prediction time instances in the second configuration.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, receiving the monitoring result may comprise: in accordance with a determination that a CSI field in the first CSI report is set to be a first bit value, determining that the monitoring result is in a first range; and in accordance with a determination that the CSI field in the first CSI report is set to be a second bit value, determining that the monitoring result is in a second range.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, receiving the monitoring result may comprise: determining occupation time of one or more CPUs for the monitoring result; and receiving the monitoring result in the first CSI report based on the occupation time of the one or more CPUs.

In some implementations of the methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable media described herein, determining the occupation time of the one or more CPUs may comprise at least one of the following: in accordance with a determination that a transmission occasion of a first resource set for the monitoring is not earlier than the second CSI report carrying an inference result associated with the transmission occasion, determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from a first symbol of the transmission occasion until a third number of symbols after a last symbol of the transmission occasion; in accordance with a determination that the transmission occasion of the first resource set is earlier than the second CSI report carrying the inference result, determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion until a latest one of the third number of symbols after the last symbol of the transmission occasion or a last symbol of the second CSI report carrying the inference result; in accordance with a determination that the transmission occasion is the latest one transmission occasion of the first resource set, which is not later than a CSI reference resource corresponding to the first CSI report carrying the monitoring result, determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion until a last symbol of the first CSI report carrying the monitoring result; or determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion until the third number of symbols after the last symbol of the transmission occasion.

In the context of the present disclosure, an apparatus may be implemented as a device or a part of the device. In some embodiments, the apparatus may be implemented as a processor at the device.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports a reporting of a performance monitoring in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented.

FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process of communication that supports a reporting of a performance monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3A illustrates a diagram illustrating an example CPU occupation for BM-Case 1 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 3B illustrates a diagram illustrating an example CPU occupation for BM-Case 2 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device that supports a reporting of a performance monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor that supports a reporting of a performance monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports a reporting of a performance monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of another method that supports a reporting of a performance monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Principles of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. The disclosure described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below. In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.

References in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described. The term “embodiment” herein may be interchangeably used with “implementation” .

It shall be understood that although the terms “first” and “second” or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms. In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatuses are referred to as “best, ” “lowest, ” “highest, ” “minimum, ” “maximum, ” or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.

In the context of the present disclosure, the term “AI/ML model” may be interchangeably used with “an AI/ML functionality” , and the term “functionality” may be interchangeably used with “a feature or feature group” . In some embodiments, a functionality may refer to a feature or feature group based on an AI/ML model. For convenience, this functionality may also be referred to as an AI/ML functionality herein. In some embodiments, a functionality may refer to a feature or feature group unrelated to an AI/ML model. For convenience, this functionality may also be referred to as a non-AI/ML functionality herein.

Generally, for an inference procedure of BM, measurements based on a set of beams (also referred to as Set B herein) are used as a model input of an AI/ML model to predict information of another set of beams (also referred to as Set A herein) . For BM-Case 1, the measurements of Set B are used as a model input to predict information (e.g., Top 1 or Top K beams) of Set A. For BM-Case 2, the measurements of Set B at historic time instance (s) are used as a model input to predict information (e.g., Top 1 or Top K beams) of Set A in future time instance (s) .

As mentioned above, for AI/ML-based BM with a UE-sided model, UE-assisted performance monitoring is supported where UE provides performance metric calculated by itself to NW. Further, it has been agreed that the Top 1 or Top K beam prediction accuracy is supported as the performance metric for UE-assisted performance monitoring for BM-Case1 and BM-Case2. The monitoring metric will be reported within a CSI reporting framework, i.e., a dedicated CSI report configuration and CSI resource configuration.

However, there are still many issues to be solved, including how to identify a connection between reference signals (RSs) in CSI resource set (s) configured for a monitoring and the Set A beams for an AI/ML model, timing related issues, detailed content to be reported for monitoring, and CPU occupation design for a monitoring.

In view of the above, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of communication for a reporting of a performance monitoring so as to overcome the above and other potential issues. In the solution, a network entity may transmit, to a UE, a first configuration of a first CSI report for a monitoring of a functionality. The first configuration is associated with a second configuration of a second CSI report for an inference of the functionality. The UE may determine a monitoring result based on a set of measurement results on a first resource set for the monitoring and a set of inference results associated with the set of measurement results, and transmit the monitoring result to the network entity in the first CSI report. In this way, a monitoring result for a functionality may be determined and reported to NW, and thus management of the functionality may be facilitated.

Aspects of the present disclosure are described in the context of a wireless communications system.

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports low latency traffic in which some embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented. The wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment (NE) ) , one or more UEs 104, a core network (CN) 106, and a packet data network 108. The wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies. In some implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as a long term evolution (LTE) network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network. In some other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as a new radio (NR) network. In other implementations, the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20. The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.

The one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100. One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point (AP) , a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology. A network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.

A network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, message, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112. For example, a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies. In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network. In some implementations, different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102. Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

The one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100. A UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology. In some implementations, the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station (STA) , a terminal, or a client, among other examples. Additionally, or alternatively, the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100. In some other implementations, a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.

The one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1. A UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the CN 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1. Additionally, or alternatively, a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.

A UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114. For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link. In some implementations, such as vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) deployments, vehicle-to-everything (V2X) deployments, or cellular-V2X deployments, the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink (SL) . For example, a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.

A network entity 102 may support communications with the CN 106, or with another network entity 102, or both. For example, a network entity 102 may interface with the CN 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) . In some other implementations, the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the CN 106) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) . An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .

In some implementations, a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) . For example, a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN intelligent controller (RIC) (e.g., a near-real time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a non-real time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a service management and orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.

An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) . One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) . In some implementations, one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .

Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU. For example, a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. In some implementations, the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., radio resource control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) ) . The CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU.

Additionally, or alternatively, a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack. The DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) . In some implementations, a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .

A CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions. A CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-C, F1-U) , and a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface) . In some implementations, a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.

The CN 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The CN 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a packet data network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) . In some implementations, the control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the CN 106.

The CN 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N3, or another network interface) . The packet data network 108 may include an application server 118. In some implementations, one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118. A UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the CN 106 via a network entity 102. The CN 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) . The PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the CN 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the CN 106) .

In the wireless communications system 100, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures. For example, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures. In some implementations, such as in 4G, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure. In some other implementations, such as in 5G and among other suitable radio access technologies, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) . The network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.

One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix. A first numerology (e.g., μ=0) may be associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. In some implementations, the first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe. A second numerology (e.g., μ=1) may be associated with a second subcarrier spacing (e.g., 30 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A third numerology (e.g., μ=2) may be associated with a third subcarrier spacing (e.g., 60 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix or an extended cyclic prefix. A fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) may be associated with a fourth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 120 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix. A fifth numerology (e.g., μ=4) may be associated with a fifth subcarrier spacing (e.g., 240 kHz) and a normal cyclic prefix.

A time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) . Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration. In some implementations, each frame may include multiple subframes. For example, each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration. In some implementations, each frame may have the same duration. In some implementations, each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.

Additionally or alternatively, a time interval of a resource (e.g., a communication resource) may be organized according to slots. For example, a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots. The number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100. For instance, the first, second, third, fourth, and fifth numerologies (i.e., μ=0, μ=1, μ=2, μ=3, μ=4) associated with respective subcarrier spacings of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, 60 kHz, 120 kHz, and 240 kHz may utilize a single slot per subframe, two slots per subframe, four slots per subframe, eight slots per subframe, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbols) . In some implementations, the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology. For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols. For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols. The relationship between the number of symbols per slot, the number of slots per subframe, and the number of slots per frame for a normal cyclic prefix and an extended cyclic prefix may depend on a numerology. It should be understood that reference to a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) associated with a first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may be used interchangeably between subframes and slots.

In the wireless communications system 100, an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc. By way of example, the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) . In some implementations, the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands. In some implementations, FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) . In some implementations, FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.

FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) . For example, FR1 may be associated with a first numerology (e.g., μ=0) , which includes 15 kHz subcarrier spacing; a second numerology (e.g., μ=1) , which includes 30 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing. FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) . For example, FR2 may be associated with a third numerology (e.g., μ=2) , which includes 60 kHz subcarrier spacing; and a fourth numerology (e.g., μ=3) , which includes 120 kHz subcarrier spacing.

In some scenarios, a functionality (e.g., an AI/ML functionality) may be deployed at the UE 104. Performance of the functionality may need to be monitored and reported to the network entity 102 so as to facilitate management of the functionality.

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution of communication so as to enhance a reporting of a performance monitoring. The solution will be detailed in connection with FIGs. 2 to 3B below.

FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 200 of communication that supports a reporting of a performance monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, in the following, the process 200 will be described with reference to FIG. 1. The process 200 may involve the UE 104 and the network entity 102 as shown in FIG. 1. It is to be understood that the steps and the order of the steps in FIG. 2 are merely for illustration, and not for limitation. For example, the order of the steps may be changed. Some of the steps may be omitted or any other suitable additional steps may be added.

As shown in FIG. 2, at step 210, the network entity 102 may transmit, to the UE 104, a CSI report configuration (for convenience, also referred to as a first configuration herein) for a monitoring of a functionality and a CSI report configuration (for convenience, also referred to as a second configuration herein) for an inference of the functionality. Accordingly, the UE 104 may be configured with the CSI report configuration for monitoring and the CSI report configuration for inference. In some embodiments, the CSI report configuration for monitoring may be associated with the CSI report configuration for inference.

In some embodiments, the CSI report configuration for monitoring may comprise an identity (ID) of the CSI report configuration for inference. In other words, the ID of the CSI report configuration for inference may be configured in the CSI report configuration for monitoring.

In some embodiments, the CSI report configuration for inference may comprise an ID of the CSI report configuration for monitoring. In other words, the ID of the CSI report configuration for monitoring may be configured in the CSI report configuration for inference.

In some embodiments, the CSI report configuration for monitoring and the CSI report configuration for inference may comprise an ID associated with the first and second configurations. In other words, the same associated ID may be configured in both the CSI report configuration for monitoring and the CSI report configuration for inference.

It is to be noted that the association between the CSI report configuration for monitoring and the CSI report configuration for inference may also be implemented in any other suitable ways, and the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.

In some embodiments, the CSI report configuration for monitoring may be associated with a CSI resource setting (i.e., CSI resource configuration) containing resource set (s) (for convenience, also referred to as a first resource set herein) for monitoring. In other words, the UE 104 may be configured with the CSI resource setting containing the resource set (s) for monitoring and the CSI resource setting may be associated with the CSI report configuration for monitoring. As such, a performance metric for monitoring may be calculated based on measurement results of resources in the resource set (s) and inference results. In some embodiments, the resources may be channel status information reference signal (CSI-RS) resources or synchronization signal and physical broadcast channel block (SSB) resources or any other suitable RS resources. In some embodiments, the first resource set may be configured with one or more transmission occasions.

In some embodiments, the CSI report configuration for inference may be associated with a CSI resource setting containing resource set (s) (for convenience, also referred to as a second resource set herein) for inference and a CSI resource setting containing resource set (s) (for convenience, also referred to as a third resource set herein) for measurement. The second resource set may correspond to Set A, and the third resource set may correspond to Set B. In other words, the UE 104 may be configured with the CSI resource setting containing the second or third resource set, and the CSI resource setting containing the second or third resource set may be associated with the CSI report configuration for inference. As such, information of the second resource set may be predicted based on measurement results of resources in the third resource set. In some embodiments, the second or third resource set may be configured with one or more transmission occasions.

In some embodiments, the CSI report configuration for monitoring may indicate a periodic reporting for the monitoring of the functionality, and the CSI report configuration for inference may indicate a periodic reporting for the inference of the functionality. In some embodiments, the CSI report configuration for monitoring may indicate a semi-persistent reporting for the monitoring of the functionality, and the CSI report configuration for inference may indicate a periodic or semi-persistent reporting for the inference of the functionality. In some embodiments, the CSI report configuration for monitoring may indicate an aperiodic reporting for the monitoring of the functionality, and the CSI report configuration for inference may indicate a periodic or semi-persistent or aperiodic reporting for the inference of the functionality.

For illustration, supported combinations of the CSI report configuration for monitoring and the CSI report configuration for inference are shown in Table 1 below.
Table 1

Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, at step 220, the UE 104 may determine a monitoring result based on a set of measurement results on the first resource set for the monitoring and a set of inference results associated with the set of measurement results. In some embodiments, the UE 104 may obtain a measurement result in the set of measurement results by performing a measurement of the first resource set on a transmission occasion of the first resource set. In some embodiments, the UE 104 may determine the set of inference results associated with the set of measurement results based on an association between resources in the first resource set and resources in the second resource set. In some embodiments, a resource in the first resource set for monitoring may be associated with one or more resources in the second resource set (i.e., Set A) for inference.

In some embodiments, a CSI resource configuration for Set A may be configured as one or more channel measurement resources in the CSI report configuration for monitoring. Hence, RSs of such CSI resource setting for monitoring and Set A beams are natural connected with each other. When the CSI report configuration for monitoring is active, i.e., the CSI report configuration is configured/activated/triggered, the UE 104 may measure RSs in resource set (s) of the CSI resource configuration for Set A. In this case, full Set A may be used for monitoring.

In some embodiments, the association between resources in the first resource set and resources in the second resource set may need to be defined or indicated.

In some embodiments, the association between resources in the first resource set and resources in the second resource set may be predefined. In some embodiments, a resource in the first resource set for monitoring and a resource in the second resource set (i.e., Set A) for inference may have the same ID. In this case, a separate CSI resource configuration may be configured for channel measurement in the CSI report configuration for monitoring, and an RS resource in the CSI resource configuration for monitoring may correspond to a beam corresponding to the RS resource having the same resource ID in the CSI resource configuration for Set A. As such, each RS of the CSI resource configuration for monitoring may be associated with a beam within Set A, and there is one-one mapping of RS resource of resource set for monitoring and Set A beam.

In some embodiments, a resource in the first resource set for monitoring may have the same quasi co-location (QCL) relationship with one or more resources in the second resource set for inference. As such, each RS of the first resource set for monitoring may be associated with one or more beams within Set A, and there is one-one mapping of RS resource of resource set for monitoring and Set A beam.

In some embodiments, the association between resources in the first resource set and resources in the second resource set may be indicated by NW. In some embodiments, the network entity 102 may transmit information (for convenience, also referred to as first information herein) for the first resource set to the UE 104.

In some embodiments, the first information may comprise one or more identities of the one or more resources in the second resource set associated with the resource in the first resource set. As such, the one or more resources in the second resource set may be explicitly indicated.

In some embodiments, the first information may comprise one or more bitmaps. A size of a bitmap in the one or more bitmaps is the same as a size of the second resource set for the inference, and a bit in the bitmap corresponds to a resource in the second resource set for the inference.

For example, an information element (IE) may be introduced for the RS resource indication in the CSI resource configuration for monitoring to indicate which beam (s) within Set A are connected to the RS. For example, a bitmap may be introduced in the CSI resource configuration for monitoring, where the size of the bitmap is the same as the size of Set A, and each bit of the bitmap corresponds to a RS resource in the CSI resource configuration for Set A. For example, “1” bits of the bitmap indicate the linked beams of Set A, and correspond, in order, to RS resources of the CSI resource configuration for monitoring. For example, the first “1” bit is the 4th bit of the bitmap, which corresponds to the first RS resource indicated in the CSI resource configuration for monitoring and indicates that it links to the 4th beam of Set A. With the bitmap, one-one mapping of RS resource of resource set for monitoring and Set A beam may be indicated.

Alternatively, one RS resource of the CSI resource configuration for monitoring may map to multiple RS resources of the CSI resource configuration for Set A. For example, for each RS resource for monitoring, one bitmap is used to indicate which RS resources for Set A are mapped, and one RS resource of the CSI resource configuration for monitoring maps to multiple beams in the Set A. With multiple bitmaps for the multiple RS resources for monitoring, one-multiple mapping of RS resource of resource set for monitoring and Set A beam may be indicated.

Based on the association between resources in the first resource set and resources in the second resource set, the UE 104 may determine the set of measurement results on the first resource set and the set of inference results associated with the set of measurement results.

To determine the monitoring result, a linkage of the first resource set for monitoring with an inference result or prediction time instance may need to be considered.

In some embodiments, as shown in step 221, the UE 104 may determine one or more pairs of measurement results on the first resource set and inference results based on a time interval between a transmission occasion associated with a measurement result on the first resource set and a reference occasion associated with an inference result in each pair. That is, a time requirement between the transmission occasion and the reference occasion should be satisfied.

For example, for BM-Case 1, to obtain correct performance metric (i.e., monitoring result) for monitoring, a transmission occasion of CSI-RS/SSB resource in the resource set (s) for monitoring and an inference result should be linked for a monitoring sample. In some embodiments, the linkage may be determined based on a relationship between the linked transmission occasion of CSI-RS/SSB resource in the resource set (s) for monitoring and the reference occasion.

In some embodiments, the time interval between the transmission occasion and the reference occasion may be the shortest one among the one or more transmission occasions of the first resource set. That is, the linked transmission occasion is a transmission occasion with the shortest time interval to the reference occasion.

In some embodiments, the time interval between the transmission occasion and the reference occasion may be smaller than or equal to a threshold. In some embodiments, the threshold may be the maximum time interval defined for the UE 104. It is to be noted that the threshold may be determined in any suitable ways.

In some embodiments, the UE 104 may determine the time interval based on the first symbol of the transmission occasion and the first symbol of the reference occasion. For example, the time interval of the transmission occasion and the reference occasion refers to a time interval between the first symbol of the transmission occasion and the first symbol of the reference occasion.

Alternatively, the time interval may be determined based on an order between the reference occasion and the transmission occasion. In some embodiments, if the transmission occasion is not later than the reference occasion, the UE 104 may determine the time interval based on the first symbol of the transmission occasion and the first or last symbol of the reference occasion. In some embodiments, if the transmission occasion is later than the reference occasion, the UE 104 may determine the time interval based on the last symbol of the transmission occasion and the first or last symbol of the reference occasion. For example, if the transmission occasion is earlier/no later than the CSI reference resource, the time interval is between the first symbol of the transmission occasion and the first/last symbol of the reference occasion; otherwise, the time interval is between the last symbol of the transmission occasion and the first/last symbol of the reference occasion.

Alternatively, the one or more transmission occasions is earlier than the reference occasion and the time interval is determined based on the first symbol of the transmission occasion and the first symbol of the reference occasion. That is, the linked transmission occasion is limited to be selected from transmission occasions earlier than the reference occasion.

In some embodiments, the reference occasion may comprise a slot of a CSI reference resource associated with a CSI report (also referred to as a second CSI report herein) carrying the inference result.

In some embodiments, the reference occasion may comprise a transmission occasion of the third resource set (i.e., Set B) associated with the CSI report configuration for inference. In some embodiments, the UE 104 may determine the inference result based on a measurement on the transmission occasion of the third resource set. In other words, if a beam measurement of the transmission occasion of the third resource set corresponds to an inference report, the UE 104 shall perform inference to obtain the inference result using the measurement of the transmission occasion of the third resource set.

In some embodiments, the reference occasion may comprise a slot (e.g., physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) or physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) ) of the second CSI report carrying the inference result.

In some embodiments, the reference occasion may comprise a beginning of a prediction time instance. For example, for BM-Case 2, different from BM-Case 1, an inference result in BM-Case 2 includes predicted beam (s) of one or more time instances. A transmission occasion of CSI-RS/SSB resource in the resource set (s) for monitoring and a prediction time instance should be linked for a monitoring sample, and the linkage can be determined as that the linked transmission occasion is a transmission occasion with the shortest time interval to the prediction time instance. The time interval refers to a time interval between the first symbol of the transmission occasion of CSI-RS/SSB resource in the resource set (s) and beginning of the prediction time instance. The transmission occasion of CSI-RS/SSB resource in the resource set (s) shall start after the corresponding CSI report for the prediction time instance.

It is to be noted that the reference occasion may also be defined in any other suitable ways, and the present disclosure does not limit this aspect.

In some embodiments, the UE 104 may determine the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results based on a duration (denoted as T1 herein) . In some embodiments, the duration may be associated with the CSI report configuration for monitoring. The one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results may also be called as one or more monitoring samples, and each pair of measurement results and inference results may also be called as a monitoring sample. The one or more monitoring samples may be all monitoring samples satisfying the above linkage in the duration.

In some embodiments, the network entity 102 may transmit, to the UE 104, a configuration indicating the duration for determination of the monitoring result. In some embodiments, the configuration indicating the duration may comprise at least one of the following: a slot of a CSI reference resource associated with the second CSI report carrying an inference result (or the last slot of the most recent transmission occasion, no later than the CSI reference resource, of the first resource set for monitoring) , a periodicity of a first resource set for the monitoring, a first parameter value (denoted as P) , or a second parameter value (denoted as T) . The first or second parameter value is configured for determination of a length of the duration.

In some embodiments, the UE 104 may determine the duration based on the slot of the CSI reference resource associated with the second CSI report carrying the inference result, the periodicity of the first resource set, and the first parameter value. For example, the duration may be determined based on an equation (1) below.
T1 = [n -P×Tp, n] (1)
where T1 denotes the duration, n denotes the slot of the CSI reference resource of the second
CSI report carrying the inference result, P denotes the first parameter value, and Tp denotes the periodicity of the first resource set.

In some embodiments, the UE 104 may determine the duration based on the slot of the CSI reference resource and the second parameter value. For example, the duration may be determined based on an equation (2) below.
T1 = [n -T, n] (2)
where T1 denotes the duration, n denotes the slot of the CSI reference resource of the second
CSI report carrying the inference result, and T denotes the second parameter value.

It is to be noted that the equations (1) and (2) are merely examples, and the duration may also be determined in any other suitable ways.

With reference to FIG. 2, at step 222, the UE 104 may determine the monitoring result based on the one or more pairs of measurement results on the first resource set and inference results (i.e., based on the one or more monitoring samples) .

In some embodiments, the UE 104 may determine number (denoted as Np herein) of first predictions in the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results, and determine the monitoring result based on the number of the first predictions or based on a ratio (i.e., Np/N) of the number of the first predictions and number (denoted as N herein) of predictions in the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results. In some embodiments, a first prediction may be a successful prediction (e.g., a successful beam prediction) . In some embodiments, the first prediction may be a failed prediction (e.g., a failed beam prediction) .

In some embodiments, for a monitoring sample including a pair of a measurement result and an inference result, the UE 104 may determine whether a monitoring sample is the first prediction based on number (for convenience, also referred to as first number herein) of beams with the best measured beam qualities in the measurement result and number (for convenience, also referred to as second number herein) of best predicted beams corresponding to the inference result for prediction.

In some embodiments, the second number of best predicted beams may be best predicted beams selected from beams corresponding to the first resource set. In some embodiments, in the one-to-one mapping case for non-full Set A used for monitoring (i.e., a resource in the first resource set for monitoring is associated with a resource in the second resource set for inference) , Top-K predicted beams are the best K predicted beams selected from partial Set A beams connected to RS resources configured for monitoring. For example, RS resources of the CSI resource configuration for monitoring are mapped to a subset of Set A, denoted as Set C. When the UE 104 performs model inference for beam prediction of Set A, the UE 104 may obtain probabilities of all Set A beams based on the model output. According to ranking of the probabilities of Set C, the UE 104 may obtain the Top-K predicted beams with the largest probability from the Set C.

In some embodiments, the UE 104 may determine that a prediction of a monitoring sample is a successful prediction if the Top-1 beam with the best measurement result of the first resource set for monitoring is Top-1 predicted beam. In some embodiments, the UE 104 may determine that a prediction of a monitoring sample is a successful prediction if the Top-1 beam with the best measurement result of the first resource set for monitoring is one of the Top-K predicted beams, where K≥1. In some embodiments, the UE 104 may determine that a prediction of a monitoring sample is a successful prediction if the Top-K predicted beams are among Top M beams with the best M measurement results of the first resource set for monitoring, where M≥1, and K≥1. In some embodiments, the UE 104 may determine that a prediction of a monitoring sample is a successful prediction if at least one of the Top-K predicted beams is among Top M beams with the best M measurement results of the first resource set for monitoring, where M≥1, and K≥1. In some embodiments, the UE 104 may determine that a prediction of a monitoring sample is a successful prediction if the beam with the best measurement result of Top-K predicted beams is within a margin X dB of the best measurement result of the first resource set for monitoring, where K≥1. It is to be noted that any other suitable criteria for determination of a successful or failed prediction may also be feasible.

In some embodiments, in the one-to-multiple mapping case for non-full Set A used for monitoring (i.e., a resource in the first resource set for monitoring is associated with multiple resources in the second resource set for inference) , the Top-K predicted beams may be the best K predicted beams selected from the full Set A, but the first prediction may have a different definition.

In some embodiments, for a monitoring sample including a pair of a measurement result and an inference result, the UE 104 may determine that a prediction of the monitoring sample is a successful prediction if the best predicted beam corresponding to the inference result for the prediction is one of multiple beams corresponding to the multiple resources in the second resource set and the resource in the first resource set has the best measured beam quality in the measurement result. In other words, the UE 104 may determine that the prediction of the monitoring sample is the successful prediction if the Top-1 predicted beam is one of the multiple beams connected to an RS with the best measurement result of the first resource set for monitoring.

In some embodiments, for a monitoring sample including a pair of a measurement result and an inference result, the UE 104 may determine that a prediction of the monitoring sample is a successful prediction if at least part of multiple beams corresponding to the multiple resources in the second resource set are among a second number of best predicted beams corresponding to the inference result for the prediction and the resource in the first resource set has the best measured beam qualities in the measurement result. In other words, the UE 104 may determine that the prediction of the monitoring sample is the successful prediction if all or a part of the multiple beams connected to an RS with the best measurement result of the first resource set for monitoring are among Top-K predicted beams.

In some embodiments (e.g., for BM-Case 2) , the number (i.e., Np) of first predictions may be counted across a set of prediction time instances in the CSI report configuration for inference, and the number (i.e., N) of predictions in the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results is counted across the set of prediction time instances. As such, the monitoring result may be calculated per inference instance.

In some embodiments (e.g., for BM-Case 2) , the number (i.e., Np) of the first predictions is counted separately for the set of prediction time instances, and the number (i.e., N) of predictions in the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results is counted separately for the set of prediction time instances. As such, the monitoring result may be calculated per prediction time instance. That is, the monitoring result may comprise a set of results associated with the set of prediction time instances.

In the context of the present disclosure, the term “measurement result” may refer to a measured value of reference signal received power (RSRP) , reference signal received quality (RSRQ) , signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) , or any other suitable measurement metrics. The term “monitoring result” may refer to Np or Np/N or any other suitable performance metrics.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, at step 230, the UE 104 may transmit, to the network entity 102, the monitoring result in a CSI report (for convenience, also referred to as a first CSI report herein) for monitoring. In other words, the UE 104 may report the monitoring result (i.e., calculated performance metric) in a CSI report corresponding to the CSI report configuration for monitoring.

In some embodiments, if the monitoring result is in a first range, the UE 104 may set a CSI field of the first CSI report to be a first bit value. If the monitoring result is in a second range, the UE 104 may set the CSI field of the first CSI report to be a second bit value.

For example, beam prediction accuracy may be selected as a performance metric directly to reflect the performance of an AI/ML model for beam prediction, which can be represented as Np/N, where N denotes the number of monitoring samples satisfying the above linkage (i.e., the linkage of the first resource set for monitoring with an inference result or prediction time instance) , Np denotes the number of monitoring samples with successful beam prediction out of the N monitoring samples. The UE 104 may report a beam accuracy indicator (BAI) in a monitoring report. The BAI may be the value of Np, or an indicator for the ratio of Np/N.

For BM-Case 1, if BAI is Np, N is configured by the network entity 102 to the UE 104 for the CSI report configuration for monitoring. The UE 104 may determine N monitoring samples which meet the above linkage. For example, the UE 104 may determine the latest N monitoring samples before the CSI reference resource of CSI report for monitoring. From the N monitoring samples, Np monitoring samples may be deemed to successful beam predictions. Then the UE 104 may report the value of Np using a CSI field with log₂N bits.

For BM-Case 1, if BAI is Np/N, the mapping of the ratio of Np/N and information bits of a CSI field for BAI should be specified. According to the mapping, the UE 104 may report information bits for the ratio of Np/N. A possible mapping of the ratio of Np/N and information bits of a CSI field for BAI is shown in Table 2 below.
Table 2

It is to be noted that Table 2 is merely an example, and any other suitable forms may also be feasible.

For BM-Case 2, similar with BM-Case 1, the BAI may be the value of Np, or an indicator for the ratio of Np/N. However, performance metric for BM-Case 2 can be calculated per prediction time instance or per inference instance, when the inference result contains more than one prediction time instances. For example, the UE 104 may be configured to report one or more predicted beams of F prediction time instances in a CSI report for inference, where F denotes the number of prediction time instances.

In some embodiments, if performance metric is calculated per inference instance, a counter of Np is shared across all prediction time instances. N is the total number of monitoring samples for all prediction time instances. If BAI is Np, N is configured for the CSI report configuration for monitoring. Np for all prediction time instances may be reported by the UE 104, and a bit width for the BAI may be log₂N. If BAI is Np/N, N is the number of monitoring samples for all prediction time instances during a configured duration. the mapping of the ratio of Np/N and information bits of a CSI field for BAI may be specified.

In some embodiments, if performance metric is calculated per prediction time instance, Np is counted separately for prediction time instances. N is the number of monitoring sample for certain prediction time instance. Multiple BAIs may be reported by the UE 104 for different predication time instances. If BAI is Np, N is configured for the CSI report configuration. Np for different prediction time instances may be reported by the UE 104. A bit width for the BAIs is F×log₂N, where F denotes the number of prediction time instances. If BAI is Np/N, for one prediction time instance, N is the number of monitoring samples during a configured duration. The mapping of the ratio of Np/N value and information bits of a CSI field for BAI may be specified. The UE 104 may report information bits for the ratio of Np/N for different prediction time instances in a CSI report. An example of the CSI report (e.g., CSI report#j) is shown in Table 3 below.
Table 3

It is to be noted that Table 3 is merely an example, and any other suitable forms may also be feasible.

In legacy CSI processing criteria, a CSI report occupies CPU (s) from the latest CSI-RS/SSB for channel measurement until the PUSCH or PUCCH carrying the CSI report. However, several monitoring samples need to be calculated for a CSI report for monitoring. If the CSI report for monitoring occupies the CPU (s) during the duration determined based on the legacy CSI processing criteria, all linked measurements and inference results for monitoring samples should be buffered until the CPU (s) is available. Substantial monitoring samples are needed to obtain a reliable performance metric, so that the buffer cannot be released in long time, which is inefficient and brings about additional storage overhead to UE.

In view of this, CPU occupation may need to be defined so as to enhance a monitoring report, e.g., for BM-Case 1 and BM-Case 2. In some embodiments, the UE 104 may determine occupation time of one or more CPUs for the monitoring result, and transmit the monitoring result in the first CSI report based on the occupation time of the one or more CPUs.

In some embodiments, if a transmission occasion of the first resource set is not earlier than the second CSI report carrying an inference result associated with the transmission occasion, e.g., if the transmission occasion of the first resource set starts from a symbol or a slot that is not earlier than the second CSI report carrying the inference result, the UE 104 may determine that the one or more CPUs are occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion until a third number (denoted as Z3’ herein) of symbols after the last symbol of the transmission occasion.

In some embodiments, if the transmission occasion of the first resource set is earlier than the second CSI report carrying the inference result, e.g., if the transmission occasion of the first resource set ends at a symbol or a slot that is earlier than the second CSI report carrying the inference result, the UE 104 may determine that the one or more CPUs are occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion until the latest one of the following: the third number of symbols after the last symbol of the transmission occasion, or the last symbol of the second CSI report carrying the inference result.

In some embodiments, if the transmission occasion is the latest one transmission occasion of the first resource set, which is not later than a CSI reference resource corresponding to the first CSI report carrying the monitoring result, the UE 104 may determine that the one or more CPUs are occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion until the last symbol of the first CSI report carrying the monitoring result.

For example, for a CSI report for monitoring for BM-Case 1, CPU (s) are occupied for channel measurement of each resource for monitoring and comparison of channel measurement and linked inference result. FIG. 3A illustrates a diagram 300A illustrating an example CPU occupation for BM-Case 1 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

As shown FIG. 3A, in a scenario 310, a transmission occasion of a channel measurement for monitoring is not earlier than a CSI report of an inference result associated with the transmission occasion, and the inference result is available when the channel measurement is performed. In this case, CPU (s) may be occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion of the channel measurement for monitoring until Z3’ symbols after the last symbol of the transmission occasion of the channel measurement for monitoring. For the latest one transmission occasion, CPU (s) may be occupied from the first symbol of the latest one transmission occasion until the last symbol of a CSI report carrying the monitoring result (i.e., CSI report for monitoring) .

In a scenario 315, a transmission occasion of a channel measurement for monitoring is earlier than a CSI report of an inference result associated with the transmission occasion, and comparison of a channel measurements and an inference result needs to be performed after the inference result is available. In this case, CPU (s) may be occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion of the channel measurement for monitoring until the latest one of the following: Z3’ symbols after the last symbol of the transmission occasion of the channel measurement for monitoring, or the last symbol of a CSI report carrying the inference result (i.e., CSI report for inference) . For the latest one transmission occasion, CPU (s) may be occupied from the first symbol of the latest one transmission occasion until the last symbol of a CSI report carrying the monitoring result (i.e., CSI report for monitoring) .

In some embodiments, the UE 104 may determine that the one or more CPUs are occupied from the first symbol of a transmission occasion of the first resource set until the third number of symbols after the last symbol of the transmission occasion. For example, for a CSI report for monitoring for BM-Case 2, CPU (s) are occupied for channel measurement of each resource for monitoring and comparison of channel measurement and predicted beam of a linked prediction time instance. FIG. 3B illustrates a diagram 300B illustrating an example CPU occupation for BM-Case 2 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.

As shown FIG. 3B, a prediction time instance reported in a CSI report for inference is not earlier than the CSI report, so a transmission occasion of a channel measurement for monitoring linked with the prediction time instance must be after the CSI report. In this case, CPU (s) may be occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion of the channel measurement for monitoring until Z3’ symbols after the last symbol of the transmission occasion of the channel measurement for monitoring. For the latest one transmission occasion, CPU (s) may be occupied from the first symbol of the latest one transmission occasion until the last symbol of a CSI report carrying the monitoring result (i.e., CSI report for monitoring) .

As such, CPU occupation time may be optimized to cover time of necessary operations, and a reporting of performance monitoring may be improved. It is to be noted that FIGs. 3A and 3B are merely for illustration, and do not limit the present disclosure. Any other suitable ways may also be feasible.

Continuing to refer to FIG. 2, at step 240, the network entity 102 may receive and determine the first CSI report comprising the monitoring result.

In some embodiments, the network entity 102 may determine the occupation time of the one or more CPUs for the monitoring result, and receive the monitoring result in the first CSI report based on the occupation time of the one or more CPUs. The network entity 102 may determine the occupation time of the one or more CPUs in a similar way as that described for the UE 104. Other details are not repeated here for conciseness. As such, a CSI report may be received correctly.

In some embodiments, if a CSI field in the first CSI report is set to be a first bit value, the network entity 102 may determine that the monitoring result is in a first range. If the CSI field in the first CSI report is set to be a second bit value, the network entity 102 may determine that the monitoring result is in a second range. As such, the monitoring result may be received.

So far, a solution of a reporting of performance monitoring is described. With the solution, a monitoring result of a functionality may be determined and reported to NW, and thus management of the functionality may be facilitated. It is to be noted that operations or steps described in the process 200 may be carried out separately or in any suitable combinations.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a device 400 that supports a reporting of a performance monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The device 400 may be an example of a UE or a network entity as described herein. The device 400 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities, UEs, or any combination thereof. The device 400 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 402, a memory 404, a transceiver 406, and, optionally, an I/O controller 408. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .

The processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein. For example, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.

In some implementations, the processor 402, the memory 404, the transceiver 406, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) . The hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure. In some implementations, the processor 402 and the memory 404 coupled with the processor 402 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 402, instructions stored in the memory 404) .

For example, the processor 402 may support wireless communication at the device 400 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some embodiments where the device 400 is used to implement a UE (e.g., the UE 104) , the processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for: receiving, at a UE and from a network entity, a first configuration of a first CSI report for a monitoring of a functionality, the first configuration being associated with a second configuration of a second CSI report for an inference of the functionality; determining a monitoring result based on a set of measurement results on a first resource set for the monitoring and a set of inference results associated with the set of measurement results; and transmitting, to the network entity, the monitoring result in the first CSI report.

In some embodiments where the device 400 is used to implement a network entity (e.g., the network entity 102) , the processor 402 may be configured to operable to support a means for: transmitting, at a network entity to a UE, a first configuration of a first CSI report for a monitoring of a functionality, the first configuration being associated with a second configuration of a second CSI report for an inference of the functionality; and receiving, from the UE, a monitoring result of the functionality in the first CSI report.

The processor 402 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) . In some implementations, the processor 402 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller. In some other implementations, a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 402. The processor 402 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 404) to cause the device 400 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.

The memory 404 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) . The memory 404 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 402 cause the device 400 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. In some implementations, the code may not be directly executable by the processor 402 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein. In some implementations, the memory 404 may include, among other things, a basic I/O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.

The I/O controller 408 may manage input and output signals for the device 400. The I/O controller 408 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device 400. In some implementations, the I/O controller 408 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral. In some implementations, the I/O controller 408 may utilize an operating system such asor another known operating system. In some implementations, the I/O controller 408 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 406. In some implementations, a user may interact with the device 400 via the I/O controller 408 or via hardware components controlled by the I/O controller 408.

In some implementations, the device 400 may include a single antenna 410. However, in some other implementations, the device 400 may have more than one antenna 410 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions. The transceiver 406 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 410, wired, or wireless links as described herein. For example, the transceiver 406 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver. The transceiver 406 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 410 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 410. The transceiver 406 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.

A transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) . The transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium. The at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) . The transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium. The transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 410 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.

A receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium. For example, the receive chain may include one or more antennas 410 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium. The receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal. The receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal. The receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.

FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a processor 500 that supports a reporting of a performance monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The processor 500 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may include a controller 502 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor 500 may optionally include at least one memory 504, such as L1/L2/L3 cache. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 500 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 506. One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .

The processor 500 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein. The processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .

The controller 502 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. For example, the controller 502 may operate as a control unit of the processor 500, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 500. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.

The controller 502 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 504 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. The controller 502 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 504. The controller 502 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved. For example, the controller 502 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 500 to cause the processor 500 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. Additionally, or alternatively, the controller 502 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 500. The controller 502 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 500.

The memory 504 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 500 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 504 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the memory 504 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 500) .

The memory 504 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 500, cause the processor 500 to perform various functions described herein. The code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory. The controller 502 and/or the processor 500 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 504 to cause the processor 500 to perform various functions. For example, the processor 500 and/or the controller 502 may be coupled with or to the memory 504, and the processor 500, the controller 502, and the memory 504 may be configured to perform various functions described herein. In some examples, the processor 500 may include multiple processors and the memory 504 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.

The one or more ALUs 506 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementation, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . In some other implementations, the one or more ALUs 506 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 500) . One or more ALUs 506 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data. For example, one or more ALUs 506 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed. One or more ALUs 506 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 506 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 506 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.

The processor 500 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein. In some embodiments where the processor 500 is implemented at a UE (e.g., the UE 104) , the processor 500 may be configured to operable to support a means for: receiving, at a UE and from a network entity, a first configuration of a first CSI report for a monitoring of a functionality, the first configuration being associated with a second configuration of a second CSI report for an inference of the functionality; determining a monitoring result based on a set of measurement results on a first resource set for the monitoring and a set of inference results associated with the set of measurement results; and transmitting, to the network entity, the monitoring result in the first CSI report.

In some embodiments where the processor 500 is implemented at a network entity (e.g., the network entity 102) , the processor 500 may be configured to operable to support a means for: transmitting, at a network entity to a UE, a first configuration of a first CSI report for a monitoring of a functionality, the first configuration being associated with a second configuration of a second CSI report for an inference of the functionality; and receiving, from the UE, a monitoring result of the functionality in the first CSI report.

FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of a method 600 that supports a reporting of a performance monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 600 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 600 may be performed by a UE (e.g., the UE 104) as described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

At block 610, the method 600 may include: receiving, at a UE and from a network entity, a first configuration of a first CSI report for a monitoring of a functionality. The first configuration is associated with a second configuration of a second CSI report for an inference of the functionality. The operations of 610 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 610 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.

In some embodiments, the first configuration comprises at least one of the following: an identity of the second configuration, or an identity associated with the first and second configurations. The second configuration comprises at least one of the following: an identity of the first configuration, or the identity associated with the first and second configurations.

In some embodiments, the first configuration indicates a periodic reporting for the monitoring of the functionality, and the second configuration indicates a periodic reporting for the inference of the functionality.

In some embodiments, the first configuration indicates a semi-persistent reporting for the monitoring of the functionality, and the second configuration indicates a periodic or semi-persistent reporting for the inference of the functionality.

In some embodiments, the first configuration indicates an aperiodic reporting for the monitoring of the functionality, and the second configuration indicates a periodic or semi-persistent or aperiodic reporting for the inference of the functionality.

In some embodiments, a resource in the first resource set for the monitoring is associated with one or more resources in a second resource set for the inference.

At block 620, the method 600 may include: determining a monitoring result based on a set of measurement results on a first resource set for the monitoring and a set of inference results associated with the set of measurement results. The operations of 620 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 620 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.

In some embodiments, the resource in the first resource set for the monitoring and a resource in the second resource set for the inference have a same identity.

In some embodiments, the resource in the first resource set has a same quasi co-location relationship with the one or more resources in the second resource set.

In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise: receiving, from the network entity, first information for the first resource set comprising at least one of following: one or more identities of the one or more resources in the second resource set associated with the resource in the first resource set, or one or more bitmaps. A size of a bitmap in the one or more bitmaps is the same as a size of the second resource set for the inference and a bit in the bitmap corresponds to a resource in the second resource set for the inference.

In some embodiments, determining the monitoring result may comprise: determining one or more pairs of measurement results on the first resource set and inference results based on a time interval between a transmission occasion associated with a measurement result on the first resource set and a reference occasion associated with an inference result in each pair; and determining the monitoring result based on the one or more pairs of measurement results on the first resource set and inference results.

In some embodiments, the time interval between the transmission occasion and the reference occasion is the shortest among one or more transmission occasions of the first resource set.

In some embodiments, the time interval between the transmission occasion and the reference occasion is smaller than or equal to a threshold.

In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise determining the time interval by one of the following: determining the time interval based on a first symbol of the transmission occasion and a first symbol of the reference occasion; or in accordance with a determination that the transmission occasion is not later than the reference occasion, determining the time interval based on the first symbol of the transmission occasion and the first symbol of the reference occasion; or in accordance with a determination that the transmission occasion is later than the reference occasion, determining the time interval based on a last symbol of the transmission occasion and the first symbol of the reference occasion.

In some embodiments, the one or more transmission occasions is earlier than the reference occasion and the time interval is determined based on a first symbol of the transmission occasion and a first symbol of the reference occasion.

In some embodiments, the reference occasion comprises one of the following: a slot of a CSI reference resource associated with the second CSI report carrying the inference result; a transmission occasion of a third resource set associated with the second configuration; a slot of the second CSI report carrying the inference result; or a beginning of a prediction time instance.

In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise: determining the inference result based on a measurement on the transmission occasion of the third resource set.

In some embodiments, determining the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results may comprise: determining a duration based on a slot of a CSI reference resource associated with the second CSI report carrying the inference result, a periodicity of the first resource set and a first parameter value, or based on the slot of the CSI reference resource and a second parameter value; and determining the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results based on the duration.

In some embodiments, determining the monitoring result may comprise: determining number of first predictions in the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results; and determining the monitoring result based on the number of the first predictions or based on a ratio of the number of the first predictions and number of predictions in the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results.

In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise: determining that for one pair of a measurement result and an inference result, a prediction is a first prediction based on a first number of beams with the best measured beam qualities in the measurement result and a second number of best predicted beams corresponding to the inference result for the prediction.

In some embodiments, the second number of best predicted beams are best predicted beams selected from beams corresponding to the first resource set.

In some embodiments, a resource in the first resource set for the monitoring is associated with multiple resources in a second resource set for the inference. In some embodiments, the method 600 may further comprise: determining that for one pair of a measurement result and an inference result, a prediction is a first prediction based on one of the following: a best predicted beam corresponding to the inference result for the prediction is one of multiple beams corresponding to the multiple resources in the second resource set and the resource in the first resource set has the best measured beam quality in the measurement result; or at least part of multiple beams corresponding to the multiple resources in the second resource set are among a second number of best predicted beams corresponding to the inference result for the prediction and the resource in the first resource set has the best measured beam qualities in the measurement result.

In some embodiments, the number of first predictions is counted across a set of prediction time instances in the second configuration, and the number of predictions in the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results is counted across the set of prediction time instances.

In some embodiments, the monitoring result comprises a set of results associated with a set of prediction time instances in the second configuration. The number of the first predictions is counted separately for the set of prediction time instances, and the number of predictions in the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results is counted separately for the set of prediction time instances.

At block 630, the method 600 may include: transmitting, to the network entity via the transceiver, the monitoring result in the first CSI report. The operations of 620 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 620 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.

In some embodiments, transmitting the monitoring result may comprise: in accordance with a determination that the monitoring result is in a first range, setting a CSI field of the first CSI report to be a first bit value; and in accordance with a determination that the monitoring result is in a second range, setting the CSI field of the first CSI report to be a second bit value.

In some embodiments, transmitting the monitoring result may comprise: determining occupation time of one or more CPUs for the monitoring result; and transmitting the monitoring result in the first CSI report based on the occupation time of the one or more CPUs.

In some embodiments, determining the occupation time of the one or more CPUs may comprise at least one of the following: in accordance with a determination that a transmission occasion of the first resource set is not earlier than the second CSI report carrying an inference result associated with the transmission occasion, determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from a first symbol of the transmission occasion until a third number of symbols after a last symbol of the transmission occasion; in accordance with a determination that the transmission occasion of the first resource set is earlier than the second CSI report carrying the inference result, determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion until a latest one of the third number of symbols after the last symbol of the transmission occasion or a last symbol of the second CSI report carrying the inference result; in accordance with a determination that the transmission occasion is the latest one transmission occasion of the first resource set, which is not later than a CSI reference resource corresponding to the first CSI report carrying the monitoring result, determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion until a last symbol of the first CSI report carrying the monitoring result; or determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion until the third number of symbols after the last symbol of the transmission occasion.

FIG. 7 illustrates a flowchart of another method 700 that supports a reporting of a performance monitoring in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure. The operations of the method 700 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein. For example, the operations of the method 700 may be performed by a network entity (e.g., the network entity 102) described herein. In some implementations, the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.

At block 710, the method 700 may include transmitting, at a network entity to a UE, a first configuration of a first CSI report for a monitoring of a functionality. The first configuration is associated with a second configuration of a second CSI report for an inference of the functionality. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 710 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.

In some embodiments, the method 700 may further comprise: transmitting, to the UE, first information for the first resource set comprising at least one of following: one or more identities of the one or more resources in the second resource set associated with the resource in the first resource set, or one or more bitmaps. A size of a bitmap in the one or more bitmaps is the same as a size of the second resource set for the inference and a bit in the bitmap corresponds to a resource in the second resource set for the inference.

In some embodiments, the method 700 may further comprise: transmitting, to the UE, a configuration indicating a duration for determination of the monitoring result. The configuration comprises at least one of the following: a slot of a CSI reference resource associated with the second CSI report carrying an inference result; a periodicity of a first resource set for the monitoring; a first parameter value; or a second parameter value.

At block 720, the method 700 may include receiving, from the UE, a monitoring result of the functionality in the first CSI report. The operations of 720 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 720 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1.

In some embodiments, the monitoring result is associated with a time instance of the inference.

In some embodiments, the monitoring result comprises a set of results associated with a set of prediction time instances in the second configuration.

In some embodiments, receiving the monitoring result may comprise: in accordance with a determination that a CSI field in the first CSI report is set to be a first bit value, determining that the monitoring result is in a first range; and in accordance with a determination that the CSI field in the first CSI report is set to be a second bit value, determining that the monitoring result is in a second range.

In some embodiments, receiving the monitoring result may comprise: determining occupation time of one or more CPUs for the monitoring result; and receiving the monitoring result in the first CSI report based on the occupation time of the one or more CPUs.

In some embodiments, determining the occupation time of the one or more CPUs may comprise at least one of the following: in accordance with a determination that a transmission occasion of a first resource set for the monitoring is not earlier than the second CSI report carrying an inference result associated with the transmission occasion, determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from a first symbol of the transmission occasion until a third number of symbols after a last symbol of the transmission occasion; in accordance with a determination that the transmission occasion of the first resource set is earlier than the second CSI report carrying the inference result, determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion until a latest one of the third number of symbols after the last symbol of the transmission occasion or a last symbol of the second CSI report carrying the inference result; in accordance with a determination that the transmission occasion is the latest one transmission occasion of the first resource set, which is not later than a CSI reference resource corresponding to the first CSI report carrying the monitoring result, determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion until a last symbol of the first CSI report carrying the monitoring result; or determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion until the third number of symbols after the last symbol of the transmission occasion.

It is to be understood that operations of the methods 600 and 700 correspond to the processes described in connection with FIGs. 2 to 3B, and thus other details are omitted here for conciseness.

It should be noted that the methods described herein describes possible implementations, and that the operations and the steps may be rearranged or otherwise modified and that other implementations are possible. Further, aspects from two or more of the methods may be combined.

The various illustrative blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein may be implemented or performed with a general-purpose processor, a DSP, an ASIC, a CPU, an FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.

The functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.

Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another. A non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.

As used herein, including in the claims, an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements. The terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable. As used herein, including in the claims, “or” as used in a list of items (e.g., a list of items prefaced by a phrase such as “at least one of” or “one or more of” or “one or both of” ) indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) . Also, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. In other words, as used herein, the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on. Further, as used herein, including in the claims, a “set” may include one or more elements.

The description herein is provided to enable a person having ordinary skill in the art to make or use the disclosure. Various modifications to the disclosure will be apparent to a person having ordinary skill in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other variations without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein but is to be accorded the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

A user equipment (UE) , comprising:

a processor; and

a transceiver coupled to the processor,

wherein the processor is configured to:

receive, from a network entity via the transceiver, a first configuration of a first channel status information (CSI) report for a monitoring of a functionality, the first configuration being associated with a second configuration of a second CSI report for an inference of the functionality;

determine a monitoring result based on a set of measurement results on a first resource set for the monitoring and a set of inference results associated with the set of measurement results; and

transmit, to the network entity via the transceiver, the monitoring result in the first CSI report.
The UE of claim 1, wherein the first configuration comprises at least one of the following: an identity of the second configuration, or an identity associated with the first and second configurations, and

wherein the second configuration comprises at least one of the following: an identity of the first configuration, or the identity associated with the first and second configurations.
The UE of claim 1, wherein the first configuration indicates a periodic reporting for the monitoring of the functionality, and the second configuration indicates a periodic reporting for the inference of the functionality, or

wherein the first configuration indicates a semi-persistent reporting for the monitoring of the functionality, and the second configuration indicates a periodic or semi-persistent reporting for the inference of the functionality, or

wherein the first configuration indicates an aperiodic reporting for the monitoring of the functionality, and the second configuration indicates a periodic or semi-persistent or aperiodic reporting for the inference of the functionality.
The UE of claim 1, wherein a resource in the first resource set for the monitoring is associated with one or more resources in a second resource set for the inference.
The UE of claim 4, wherein the resource in the first resource set for the monitoring and a resource in the second resource set for the inference have a same identity; or

wherein the resource in the first resource set has a same quasi co-location relationship with the one or more resources in the second resource set; or

wherein the processor is further configured to receive, from the network entity via the transceiver, first information for the first resource set comprising at least one of following:

one or more identities of the one or more resources in the second resource set associated with the resource in the first resource set, or

one or more bitmaps, wherein a size of a bitmap in the one or more bitmaps is the same as a size of the second resource set for the inference and a bit in the bitmap corresponds to a resource in the second resource set for the inference.
The UE of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to determine the monitoring result by:

determining one or more pairs of measurement results on the first resource set and inference results based on a time interval between a transmission occasion associated with a measurement result on the first resource set and a reference occasion associated with an inference result in each pair; and

determining the monitoring result based on the one or more pairs of measurement results on the first resource set and inference results.
The UE of claim 6, wherein the time interval between the transmission occasion and the reference occasion is the shortest among one or more transmission occasions of the first resource set, or

wherein the time interval between the transmission occasion and the reference occasion is smaller than or equal to a threshold.
The UE of claim 7, wherein the processor is further configured to:

determine the time interval by one of the following:

determining the time interval based on a first symbol of the transmission occasion and a first symbol of the reference occasion; or

in accordance with a determination that the transmission occasion is not later than the reference occasion, determining the time interval based on the first symbol of the transmission occasion and the first symbol of the reference occasion; or

in accordance with a determination that the transmission occasion is later than the reference occasion, determining the time interval based on a last symbol of the transmission occasion and the first symbol of the reference occasion.
The UE of claim 7, wherein the reference occasion comprises one of the following:

a slot of a CSI reference resource associated with the second CSI report carrying the inference result;

a transmission occasion of a third resource set associated with the second configuration;

a slot of the second CSI report carrying the inference result; or

a beginning of a prediction time instance.
The UE of claim 9, wherein the processor is further configured to:

determine the inference result based on a measurement on the transmission occasion of the third resource set.
The UE of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to determine the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results by:

determining a duration based on a slot of a CSI reference resource associated with the second CSI report carrying the inference result, a periodicity of the first resource set and a first parameter value, or based on the slot of the CSI reference resource and a second parameter value; and

determining the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results based on the duration.
The UE of claim 6, wherein the processor is configured to determine the monitoring result by:

determining number of first predictions in the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results; and

determining the monitoring result based on the number of the first predictions or based on a ratio of the number of the first predictions and number of predictions in the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results.
The UE of claim 12, wherein the number of first predictions is counted across a set of prediction time instances in the second configuration, and the number of predictions in the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results is counted across the set of prediction time instances.
The UE of claim 12, wherein the monitoring result comprises a set of results associated with a set of prediction time instances in the second configuration, and

wherein the number of the first predictions is counted separately for the set of prediction time instances, and the number of predictions in the one or more pairs of measurement results and inference results is counted separately for the set of prediction time instances.
The UE of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the monitoring result by:

in accordance with a determination that the monitoring result is in a first range, setting a CSI field of the first CSI report to be a first bit value; and

in accordance with a determination that the monitoring result is in a second range, setting the CSI field of the first CSI report to be a second bit value.
The UE of claim 1, wherein the processor is configured to transmit the monitoring result by:

determining occupation time of one or more CSI processing units (CPUs) for the monitoring result; and

transmitting the monitoring result in the first CSI report based on the occupation time of the one or more CPUs.
The UE of claim 16, wherein the processor is configured to determine the occupation time of the one or more CPUs by at least one of the following:

in accordance with a determination that a transmission occasion of the first resource set is not earlier than the second CSI report carrying an inference result associated with the transmission occasion, determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from a first symbol of the transmission occasion until a third number of symbols after a last symbol of the transmission occasion;

in accordance with a determination that the transmission occasion of the first resource set is earlier than the second CSI report carrying the inference result, determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion until a latest one of the third number of symbols after the last symbol of the transmission occasion or a last symbol of the second CSI report carrying the inference result;

in accordance with a determination that the transmission occasion is the latest one transmission occasion of the first resource set, which is not later than a CSI reference resource corresponding to the first CSI report carrying the monitoring result, determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion until a last symbol of the first CSI report carrying the monitoring result; or

determining that the one or more CPUs are occupied from the first symbol of the transmission occasion until the third number of symbols after the last symbol of the transmission occasion.
A network entity, comprising:

a processor; and

a transceiver coupled to the processor,

wherein the processor is configured to:

transmit, to a user equipment (UE) via the transceiver, a first configuration of a first channel status information (CSI) report for a monitoring of a functionality, the first configuration being associated with a second configuration of a second CSI report for an inference of the functionality; and

receive, from the UE via the transceiver, a monitoring result of the functionality in the first CSI report.
A processor for wireless communication, comprising:

at least one memory; and

a controller coupled with the at least one memory and configured to cause the processor to:

receive, at a user equipment (UE) and from a network entity, a first configuration of a first channel status information (CSI) report for a monitoring of a functionality, the first configuration being associated with a second configuration of a second CSI report for an inference of the functionality;

determine a monitoring result based on a set of measurement results on a first resource set for the monitoring and a set of inference results associated with the set of measurement results; and

transmit, to the network entity via the transceiver, the monitoring result in the first CSI report.
A method for wireless communication, comprising:

receiving, at a user equipment (UE) and from a network entity, a first configuration of a first channel status information (CSI) report for a monitoring of a functionality, the first configuration being associated with a second configuration of a second CSI report for an inference of the functionality;

determining a monitoring result based on a set of measurement results on a first resource set for the monitoring and a set of inference results associated with the set of measurement results; and

transmitting, to the network entity, the monitoring result in the first CSI report.