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WO2025236024A1 - Procédé de production d'un pré-produit métallique - Google Patents

Procédé de production d'un pré-produit métallique

Info

Publication number
WO2025236024A1
WO2025236024A1 PCT/AT2025/060197 AT2025060197W WO2025236024A1 WO 2025236024 A1 WO2025236024 A1 WO 2025236024A1 AT 2025060197 W AT2025060197 W AT 2025060197W WO 2025236024 A1 WO2025236024 A1 WO 2025236024A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blank
temperature
heating
cooling
tensile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/AT2025/060197
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Robert Ebner
Ulrich PSCHEBEZIN
Manoj Kumar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ebner Industrieofenbau GmbH
Original Assignee
Ebner Industrieofenbau GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ebner Industrieofenbau GmbH filed Critical Ebner Industrieofenbau GmbH
Publication of WO2025236024A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025236024A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a semi-finished product from a metallic material, in particular from an aluminum alloy, for the production of a molded part, comprising the steps of: providing a blank, heating the blank to a first temperature which is at least the solution annealing temperature of the metallic material, quenching the blank or at least a region of the blank to a second temperature to avoid recrystallization of the microstructure of the metallic material formed at the first temperature, treating the quenched blank at a third temperature which is higher than the second temperature, and cooling the blank from the third temperature to a fourth temperature.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a molded part from a pre-product made of a metallic material, in particular an aluminum alloy, wherein the pre-product is formed in a molding tool.
  • the invention relates to a system for producing a semi-finished product from a metallic material, in particular from an aluminum alloy, for the production of a molded part, in particular for carrying out the method according to the invention, comprising a first device for heating a blank made of the metallic material to a first temperature, a first cooling device for at least partially quenching the blank to a second temperature, and a second device for heating the blank to a third temperature.
  • age-hardenable aluminum alloys from groups 2xxx, 6xxx, and 7xxx are frequently used in the production of components for the automotive and aerospace sectors.
  • a common manufacturing method involves receiving a metal strip as a coil from a semi-finished product supplier, which has undergone solution annealing followed by quenching and aging. Before forming, the component manufacturer must reheat the semi-finished product briefly.
  • the present invention is based on the objective of simplifying the production of molded parts for automotive and aerospace applications for the molded part manufacturer.
  • the object of the invention is solved by the method mentioned at the outset, according to which the blank is subjected to a tensile and/or compressive load after heating to the first temperature and before heating to the third temperature.
  • the object of the invention is solved by the aforementioned method for producing the molded part, according to which the intermediate product is produced according to the inventive method.
  • the object of the invention is solved with the aforementioned system, in which a device for applying tension and/or pressure to the blank is arranged between the first and the second device for heating the blank.
  • An advantage of this process is that tensile and/or compressive stress can improve the tensile strength and elongation of the blank material. This, in turn, allows for improved formability of the semi-finished product into the final component. Improved formability reduces defective production due to microcracks, etc. Furthermore, it can also achieve improved flatness of the semi-finished product, which also contributes to improved formability, as inhomogeneities resulting from additional material displacement during the forming process can be better avoided.
  • one embodiment of the invention provides that the tensile and/or compressive stress is applied by deflecting the blank at least once in a rolling mill.
  • the system can include a rolling mill as a device for applying the tensile and/or compressive stress.
  • the blank is subjected to a tensile stress between 50 N/mm 2 and 200 N/mm 2 and/or a compressive stress between 50 N/mm 2 and 200 N/mm 2 .
  • a further embodiment of the invention provides that the blank is subjected to tensile and compressive stresses several times in succession.
  • another embodiment of the invention provides that the blank is heated from the third temperature to a fifth temperature, which is higher than the third temperature, before processing. This makes it possible to relieve any excessive stresses that may have built up in the semi-finished product.
  • this embodiment has the advantage that heating the semi-finished product at the molding manufacturer's facility before forming is no longer necessary. This eliminates the need for an additional heating device at the molding manufacturer's facility. This reduces investment costs for the molding manufacturer and increases added value for the semi-finished product manufacturer. Moreover, this allows the system to be used for other applications.
  • the fifth temperature is chosen to be lower than the first temperature in order to avoid changes in the microstructure after the tensile and/or compressive stress on the blank.
  • the fifth temperature is chosen to be 50 °C to 150 °C higher than the third temperature and/or that the blank is held at the fifth temperature for a period of up to 300 seconds.
  • the blank can be cooled from the fifth temperature to the third temperature at a cooling rate between 1 K/s and 20 K/s. This avoids relaxation effects during the time interval between treating the blank at the fourth and third temperatures.
  • the system can include a coil-winding device after the second device for heating the blank. This makes it possible to provide a readily formable semi-finished product that exhibits a stable property profile even without cold storage.
  • Fig. 1 shows a process flow for the production of a semi-finished product for a metallic molded part in the form of a flowchart
  • Fig. 2 shows a system for carrying out the procedure according to Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 shows a section of an embodiment of a system for carrying out the method according to Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 4 shows a system for manufacturing a molded part
  • Fig. 5 shows a time-temperature diagram of the process according to Fig. 1.
  • Figure 1 shows a flowchart for an embodiment of a process for producing a semi-finished product 1 (also referred to as a pre-product) from a blank 2 (see Figure 2) made of a metallic material.
  • the material is preferably a heat-treatable or age-hardenable aluminum alloy, particularly preferably an aluminum alloy of the 2XXX, 6XXX, and 7XXX series.
  • the material can also be another light metal alloy, such as a magnesium-aluminum-lithium alloy, or another metallic alloy.
  • the process according to the invention is used to produce a component or molded part 3 (see Figure 4) for the automotive or aerospace sector, such as a body panel, a fuselage component, etc.
  • the procedure includes at least the following steps:
  • Step A Preparing the blank 2.
  • Step B Heating the blank 2 to a first temperature that is at least the solution annealing temperature of the metallic material.
  • Step C Cooling or quenching the blank 2 or at least a region of the blank 2 to a second temperature to avoid recrystallization of the microstructure of the metallic material formed at the first temperature.
  • Step D Applying a tensile and/or compressive load to the blank 2.
  • Step E Heat at least one area of blank 2 or blank 2 to a third temperature that is higher than the second temperature.
  • Step F Cooling the blank 2 from the third temperature to a fourth temperature.
  • the process steps are carried out in the specified order, whereby one or more further process steps can be performed between steps A to F, as will be explained below.
  • steps A to F can also be carried out directly one after the other.
  • the blank 2 is - as shown - primarily a metal band, but can also be a metal circuit board.
  • Figure 2 shows a variant embodiment of plant 4, which serves to explain in more detail the above-described method, i.e., the method steps A to F.
  • the blank 2 is preferably provided as a strip.
  • the strip can be unwound from a so-called coil 5.
  • the system 4 can include a suitable device 6 for the rotatable mounting or receiving of the coil 5.
  • the device 6 can have a dome or a shaft onto which the coil 5 is placed.
  • the device 6 can also include a robot arm, for example, if the blank 2 is fed not as a strip but as a circuit board or in plate form.
  • the device 6 can also be designed differently, as long as it fulfills the task of providing the blank 2.
  • step B the blank 2 is placed in a first device 7 for heating the blank 2 (hereinafter referred to only as device 5) at least to a first temperature
  • the first temperature is the solution annealing temperature.
  • the blank 2 can also be heated to a first temperature higher than the solution annealing temperature. In this case, this first temperature is at least 3 °C to 5 °C lower than the solidus temperature of the material.
  • the blank 2 can be heated to a first temperature selected from a range of 450 °C to 600 °C.
  • the solution annealing temperature is the temperature at which alloying elements dissolve in the alloy's solid solution during solution annealing at high temperature. For aluminum and aluminum alloys, this temperature is between 450°C and 590°C. Generally, the solution annealing temperature can also be between 450°C and 560°C.
  • the heating of the blank 2 to the first temperature preferably takes place in a continuously operating first device 7, in particular a continuous furnace such as a tunnel furnace or, more preferably, a roller hearth furnace, especially if the blank 2 is supplied and processed as a strip.
  • a discontinuously operating first device 7 can also be used, such as a hearth furnace, a bogie hearth furnace, a multi-chamber furnace, etc., if the blank 2 is processed in smaller sizes, such as a circuit board.
  • the transport of the blank 2 in a continuously operating device 7 or generally in the system 4 can be carried out, for example, on rollers (as indicated in Fig. 3) or belts.
  • the blank 2 is moved through the device 7 at a constant speed from the inlet to the outlet.
  • the blank 2 can be heated to the first temperature in the device 7 within a time period of between 0.1 minutes and 30 minutes. Preferably, the blank 2 is held at this first temperature for a time period of between 0.1 minutes and 5 minutes.
  • the heating of the blank 2 can be carried out, for example, with gas. In the preferred embodiment, the heating of the blank 2 is carried out with electric heating elements.
  • step C the blank 2 (i.e., a section of the blank 2 in the case of a metal strip), heated to the first temperature, or at least a region of the blank 2 (or section of the blank 2), is quenched or cooled to a second temperature.
  • the blank 2 can be cooled to a temperature between 250 °C and 150 °C. be quenched. If only at least one area of the blank 2 (or the section of the blank 2) is quenched to a second temperature, the remaining area of the blank 2 (or the section of the blank 2) can be cooled to the second temperature or a different temperature at a different cooling rate in order to obtain a sectionally different property profile in the blank 2.
  • the quenching or cooling takes place in a first cooling unit 8 (hereinafter referred to simply as cooling unit 8).
  • the cooling unit 8 can be an air cooler and/or a liquid cooler, in particular a water cooler.
  • the cooling unit 8 can, for example, have several nozzles or nozzle bars from which the cooling medium for quenching the blank 2 emerges.
  • the cooling medium jet(s) can be directed directly onto the blank 2.
  • the blank 2 is quenched at least partially with a contact cooler.
  • the cooling device 8 can therefore include at least one contact cooler or a contact cooling element.
  • the contact cooler can, for example, have a heat sink on which a multitude of cooling elements are arranged, adjustable relative to the heat sink.
  • the heat sink can have mounting holes in which the cooling elements are held in their rest position and from which they can be moved individually or in groups into their working position, in which they bear against the blank 2.
  • Other shapes or configurations of contact coolers are also possible.
  • the quenching of the blank 2 can be done on one side (from above or from below) or on both sides (from above and from below).
  • the quenching of the blank 2 to the second temperature can be carried out at any suitable quenching rate with which a structure formed in step B is “frozen”. can be.
  • the cooling device 8 of the system 4 is designed to quench the blank 2 to a temperature between 450 °C and 200 °C within a time span of 1 second to 300 seconds.
  • the quenching of the blank 2 can be carried out at least in the temperature range between the solution annealing temperature and 250 °C with a quenching rate between 1 K/s and 300 K/s, in particular between 1 K/s and 200 K/s.
  • a quenching rate between 1 K/s and 300 K/s, in particular between 1 K/s and 200 K/s.
  • Such cooling rates are preferably used for heat-treatable aluminum alloys.
  • blank 2 can also be cooled down to the second temperature at this quenching rate.
  • the cooling device 8 is shown spaced apart from the device 7. However, the cooling device 8 can also be arranged directly adjacent to the device 7. Optionally, the device 7 and the cooling device 8 can form a single unit of the system 4.
  • the blank 2, or at least one area 3 is subjected in step D to tensile or compressive stress treatment, or preferably to a combined tensile and compressive stress treatment.
  • the system 4 may include a device 9 for tensile and/or compressive stress treatment of the blank 2 (hereinafter referred to as device 9).
  • the device 9 can be any device 9 suitable for tensile and/or compressive stress on the blank 2, for example a (moving) clamping device with which a pull can be exerted on the blank 2 or a punch with which pressure can be exerted on the blank 2.
  • the tensile and/or compressive stress is applied by deflecting the blank 2 at least once in a rolling mill.
  • the blank 2 is deflected four times.
  • four rotatably mounted deflection rollers 10 are provided.
  • the blank 2 is deflected from a horizontal direction upwards into a vertical direction, and then back again. into the horizontal direction, then back into a vertical downward direction, and from there back into the horizontal direction.
  • the deflection can occur, for example, at an angle between 60 ° and 270 ° .
  • the higher deflection values can be achieved if the upper deflection rollers 10 are spaced further apart than the lower deflection rollers 10.
  • this deflection configuration is only one embodiment of the invention. Other deflection configurations are also possible, as long as a tensile load is exerted on the blank 2 in accordance with step D. For example, a single deflection of the blank 2 is also possible if the further processing of the blank 2 takes place in this new direction resulting from the deflection.
  • At least one pressure roller 11 is provided, which interacts with one of the deflecting rollers 10, i.e., a gap is formed between the deflecting roller 10 and the pressure roller 11, through which the blank 2 is guided under pressure.
  • only one pressure roller 11 is provided at the last deflection point.
  • the pressure roller 11 can also be arranged in conjunction with another deflection roller 10, or several pairs of deflection and pressure rollers 10, 11 can be arranged in the device 9.
  • the pressure load on the blank 2 is applied with at least two cooperating pressure rollers 11 between which the aforementioned gap is formed, as indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 2 as an embodiment variant of the system 4.
  • one of the deflecting rollers 10 and/or at least one pressure roller 11 can be operated at a higher speed, so that the blank 2 passes through the device 9 at a higher speed compared to the conveying speed through the device 9 and the cooling device 8.
  • the device 9 can have corresponding drives for at least some of the rollers.
  • the aforementioned gap between the rollers is also set or designed such that the elongation in the blank 2 is less than 1%. Any change in length of the blank 2 during the execution of the process is less than 3%, relative to the length of the blank 2 provided in step A.
  • the blank 2 is subjected to a tensile stress between 50 N/ mm2 and 200 N/ mm2 and/or a compressive stress between 50 N/ mm2 and 200 N/ mm2 .
  • a tensile stress between 50 N/ mm2 and 200 N/ mm2
  • a compressive stress between 50 N/ mm2 and 200 N/ mm2 .
  • the tensile stress results from the tensile force acting on the blank 2 / cross-sectional area of the blank 2 and the compressive stress results from the compressive force acting on the blank 2 / the area of the blank 2 subjected to the compressive force.
  • the blank 2 can be subjected to tensile and compressive stresses several times in succession.
  • a possible configuration of the device 9 for this embodiment is shown in Fig. 3. In this configuration, only deflection rollers 10 are arranged at the lower deflections for tensile loading of the blank 2. At the upper deflections, however, pairs of rollers consisting of deflection rollers 10 and compression rollers 11 are arranged for compressive loading of the blank 2.
  • the deflecting roller 10 also exerts pressure on the blank 2, i.e., it does not only have a deflecting function.
  • the number of deflection rollers 10 and pressure rollers 11, or pairs of rollers, shown in Fig. 3 is only meant to be exemplary. More or fewer of these rollers can also be arranged.
  • the lower deflection rollers 10 and the upper roller pairs are arranged at the same height, so that the distances between the deflections of the blank 2 are the same.
  • one or more of the lower deflection rollers 10 and/or one or more of the roller pairs can be arranged at different heights.
  • Step D can be performed at the second temperature of the blank 2.
  • the tensile and/or compressive stress can be applied at a slightly higher temperature, at least in sections of the device 9.
  • the device 9 can also be equipped with at least one heating and/or cooling element. Preferably, no liquid fluid is used for any cooling that may be required.
  • the blank 2 is heated to the third temperature after tensile and/or compressive loading in step E. Heating can occur either immediately or after a holding time selected from a range of 1 to 5 minutes.
  • system 4 includes a second device 13 for heating the blank 2 (hereinafter referred to simply as device 13).
  • the holding time can be defined by the distance between this device 13 from device 9 and the conveying speed of the blank 2.
  • device 13 can be device 7, meaning that the blank 2 is transferred back to device 7 and heated there to the third temperature if the blank 2 is a circuit board.
  • device 13 has a separate device 13 from device 5, so that the blank 2 can be processed in a continuous pass through system 4.
  • Device 13 can be designed identically to device 7, so that the descriptions of device 7 in this document are also applicable to device 13. Accordingly, the heating of the blank 2 to the third temperature is carried out. preferably in a continuously operating device 13, in particular a continuous furnace such as a tunnel furnace or preferably a roller hearth furnace.
  • a continuously operating device 13 in particular a continuous furnace such as a tunnel furnace or preferably a roller hearth furnace.
  • the blank 2 is preferably heated to a temperature between 80 °C and 350 °C, for example between 175 °C and 250 °C, as a third temperature.
  • the blank 2 can be heated to the third temperature in the device 13 within a time period of between 1 and 10 minutes. Preferably, the blank 2 is held at or exposed to this third temperature for a time period of between 2 and 5 minutes.
  • step E of this variant of the process the blank 2 undergoes a pre-aging process before being cooled from the third temperature to the fourth temperature in step F.
  • the fourth temperature can, for example, be room temperature.
  • the system 4 includes a second cooling device 14 (hereinafter referred to simply as cooling device 14).
  • cooling device 14 reference is made to the preceding descriptions of cooling device 8, which can be applied accordingly.
  • cooling device 14 may also be configured differently.
  • the cooling of the blank 2 can be carried out at a cooling rate selected from a range of 1 K/s to 10 K/s. If necessary, step F can also be performed as quenching.
  • the cooling device 14 can be designed identically to the cooling device 8.
  • the finished pre-product 1 can be wound up using the coil winding device 12.
  • the blank 2 can be heated to a fifth temperature, which is higher than the third temperature, in a step G (see Fig. 1) before treatment at the third temperature.
  • This step G can be carried out in the device 13.
  • the fifth temperature is chosen to be lower than the first temperature. Furthermore, according to one embodiment, the fifth temperature is preferably increased by a value from The fifth temperature is chosen to be higher than the third temperature, within a range of 50 °C to 150 °C, particularly from 60 °C to 120 °C. For example, the fifth temperature may be between 175 °C and 250 °C and the third temperature between 90 °C and 130 °C, provided that the fifth temperature is always higher than the third temperature.
  • the blank 2 is held at the fifth temperature for a period of time up to 300 seconds, for example between 0.5 seconds and 300 seconds.
  • the blank 2 can be cooled from the fifth temperature to the third temperature at a cooling rate between 1 K/s and 20 K/s. This cooling can be carried out using the cooling device 14.
  • the pre-product 1 can be rewound into a coil at the third temperature on the coil winding device 12.
  • a temperature profile of this process is shown in Fig. 5.
  • Time is plotted on the horizontal axis and temperature on the vertical axis.
  • the first temperature is denoted as TI, the second as T2, the third as T3, the fourth as T4, and the fifth as T5.
  • the semi-product 1 is finished and can be stored for preparation for forming.
  • the semi-product 1 can subsequently be transferred as a coil to a producer of the molded part 3 in a forming plant 15, as shown as an example in Fig. 4.
  • the coil is unwound in a winding device 16 and fed to a device 17 for forming the semi-product 1 (hereinafter referred to simply as device 17).
  • Device 17 is a forming device. Therefore, no primary forming from a melt takes place in device 17.
  • device 17 can be a deep-drawing device.
  • device 17 can also be another forming device, such as another tensile-compressive forming device or a pressure forming device, such as a drop forging machine, a roll forming machine, etc.
  • the device 17 can, for example, have a die 18 and a punch 19, as is known per se. If necessary, the formed pre-product 1 can also be subjected to a cutting operation in the device 17, such as a punching step, for which the device 17 can have corresponding cutting tools. The cutting operation can also be carried out in a separate process step, if required.
  • a strip-shaped blank 2 made of an AA2024 series aluminum alloy was used. This blank 2 was subjected to the following temperature profile:
  • Exemplary embodiment 1 was repeated, with the additional step of heating the blank 2 to a fifth temperature of 225 °C before the third temperature and holding it at this temperature for 300 minutes. Afterwards, the blank 2 was cooled to the third temperature at a rate of 1 K/s.
  • Example 3
  • a strip-shaped blank 2 made of an AA2024 series aluminum alloy was used. This blank 2 was subjected to the following temperature profile:
  • the manufactured precursors 1 had a yield strength (longitudinal) Rp0,2 of at least 300 MPa, a tensile strength Rm of at least 437 MPa and an elongation of at least 19%.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de production d'un pré-produit (1) constitué d'un matériau métallique pour la production d'une coulée (3), comprenant les étapes consistant à : - fournir un substrat (2), - chauffer le substrat (2) à au moins la température de recuit de solution du matériau métallique, - tremper au moins une région du substrat (2) à une deuxième température, - traiter le substrat trempé (2) à une troisième température, qui est supérieure à la deuxième température ; - refroidir le substrat (2) de la troisième température à une quatrième température. Après avoir été chauffé à la première température et avant d'être chauffé à la troisième température, le substrat (2) est soumis à une charge de traction et/ou de compression.
PCT/AT2025/060197 2024-05-15 2025-05-14 Procédé de production d'un pré-produit métallique Pending WO2025236024A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA50404/2024 2024-05-15
AT504042024 2024-05-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2025236024A1 true WO2025236024A1 (fr) 2025-11-20

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AT2025/060197 Pending WO2025236024A1 (fr) 2024-05-15 2025-05-14 Procédé de production d'un pré-produit métallique

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2025236024A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0805879B1 (fr) * 1994-09-06 2001-01-24 Alcan International Limited Procede de traitement thermique destine a une feuille d'alliage d'aluminium
EP3842558A1 (fr) * 2018-08-23 2021-06-30 Nippon Light Metal Co., Ltd. Tôle d'alliage d'aluminium pour couvercle de batterie pour moulage de soupape antidéflagrante intégrée et son procédé de production
EP3821054B1 (fr) * 2018-11-12 2024-03-20 Novelis, Inc. Procédés de fabrication des produits viellis rapidement à haute résistance en alliage d'aluminium traitables thermiquement

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0805879B1 (fr) * 1994-09-06 2001-01-24 Alcan International Limited Procede de traitement thermique destine a une feuille d'alliage d'aluminium
EP3842558A1 (fr) * 2018-08-23 2021-06-30 Nippon Light Metal Co., Ltd. Tôle d'alliage d'aluminium pour couvercle de batterie pour moulage de soupape antidéflagrante intégrée et son procédé de production
EP3821054B1 (fr) * 2018-11-12 2024-03-20 Novelis, Inc. Procédés de fabrication des produits viellis rapidement à haute résistance en alliage d'aluminium traitables thermiquement

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