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WO2025235189A1 - Compensation de désadaptation de phase destinée à des mécanismes de positionnement de modèle d'intelligence artificielle/apprentissage automatique - Google Patents

Compensation de désadaptation de phase destinée à des mécanismes de positionnement de modèle d'intelligence artificielle/apprentissage automatique

Info

Publication number
WO2025235189A1
WO2025235189A1 PCT/US2025/025584 US2025025584W WO2025235189A1 WO 2025235189 A1 WO2025235189 A1 WO 2025235189A1 US 2025025584 W US2025025584 W US 2025025584W WO 2025235189 A1 WO2025235189 A1 WO 2025235189A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
carrier wave
phase
tap information
compensated
tap
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/US2025/025584
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Oghenekome Oteri
Haitong Sun
Chunxuan Ye
Dawei Zhang
Weidong Yang
Wei Zeng
Huaning Niu
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Apple Inc
Original Assignee
Apple Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Apple Inc filed Critical Apple Inc
Publication of WO2025235189A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025235189A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0205—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • G01S1/022—Means for monitoring or calibrating
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0205—Details
    • G01S5/021—Calibration, monitoring or correction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0205—Details
    • G01S5/0215—Interference
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00—Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02—Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/0202—Channel estimation
    • H04L25/024—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms
    • H04L25/0254—Channel estimation channel estimation algorithms using neural network algorithms
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0205—Details
    • G01S5/0218—Multipath in signal reception
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/0014—Carrier regulation

Definitions

  • This application relates generally to wireless communication systems, including wireless communication systems implementing artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) models for positioning signaling.
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • ML machine learning
  • Wireless mobile communication technology uses various standards and protocols to transmit data between a base station and a wireless communication device.
  • Wireless communication system standards and protocols can include, for example, 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) (e.g., 4G), 3GPP New Radio (NR) (e.g., 5G), and Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802. 11 standard for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) (commonly known to industry groups as Wi-Fi®).
  • 3GPP 3rd Generation Partnership Project
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • NR 3GPP New Radio
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 802. 11 standard for Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN) (commonly known to industry groups as Wi-Fi®).
  • Wi-Fi® Wireless Local Area Networks
  • 3GPP RANs can include, for example.
  • GSM Global System for Mobile communications
  • EDGE Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution
  • GERAN Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • NG-RAN Next-Generation Radio Access Network
  • Each RAN may use one or more radio access technologies (RATs) to perform communication between the base station and the UE.
  • RATs radio access technologies
  • the GERAN implements GSM and/or EDGE RAT
  • the UTRAN implements Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) RAT or other 3 GPP RAT
  • the E-UTRAN implements LTE RAT (sometimes simply referred to as LTE).
  • NG-RAN implements NR RAT (sometimes referred to herein as 5G RAT, 5G NR RAT, or simply NR).
  • the E-UTRAN may also implement NR RAT.
  • NG-RAN may also implement LTE RAT.
  • a base station used by a RAN may correspond to that RAN.
  • E-UTRAN base station is an Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E- UTRAN) Node B (also commonly denoted as evolved Node B, enhanced Node B, eNodeB, or eNB).
  • E-UTRAN Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network
  • Node B also commonly denoted as evolved Node B, enhanced Node B, eNodeB, or eNB.
  • NG-RAN base station is a next generation Node B (also sometimes referred to as a g Node B or gNB).
  • a RAN provides its communication services with external entities through its connection to a core network (CN).
  • CN core network
  • E-UTRAN may utilize an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) while NG-RAN may utilize a 5G Core Network (5GC).
  • EPC Evolved Packet Core
  • 5GC 5G Core Network
  • Frequency bands for 5G NR may be separated into two or more different frequency ranges.
  • Frequency Range 1 may include frequency bands operating in sub-6 gigahertz (GHz) frequencies, some of which are bands that may be used by previous standards, and may potentially be extended to cover new spectrum offerings from 410 megahertz (MHz) to 7125 MHz.
  • Frequency Range 2 may include frequency bands from 24.25 GHz to 52.6 GHz. Note that in some systems, FR2 may also include frequency bands from 52.6 GHz to 71 GHz (or beyond). Bands in the millimeter wave (mmWave) range of FR2 may have smaller coverage but potentially higher available bandwidth than bands in FR1. Skilled persons will recognize these frequency ranges, which are provided by way of example, may change from time to time or from region to region.
  • mmWave millimeter wave
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a phase mismatch corresponding to a carrier wave transmitted by a first device according to its transmit (Tx) oscillator and received at a second device according to its receive (Rx) oscillator.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of prediction results obtained from an AI/ML model trained according to no phase mismatch, to a phase mismatch, and to a compensated channel for a phase mismatch, according to embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B illustrate flow diagrams for phase mismatch compensation based on a phase term of a tap of carrier wave tap information, according to embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B illustrate flow diagrams for phase mismatch compensation based on a phase term of a tap of carrier wave tap information, according to embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 5 A and FIG. 5B illustrate flow diagrams for phase mismatch compensation based on a phase mismatch estimate, according to embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B illustrate flow diagrams for phase mismatch compensation based on a phase mismatch estimate, according to embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a method of a location management function (LMF) of a core network (CN) for compensating for a phase mismatch between the phase of a Tx oscillator and an Rx oscillator, according to embodiments herein.
  • LMF location management function
  • CN core network
  • FIG. 8 illustrates a method of a UE for compensating for a phase mismatch between the phase of a Tx oscillator and an Rx oscillator, according to embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a method of a base station for compensating for a phase mismatch between the phase of a Tx oscillator and an Rx oscillator, according to embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a method of an over the top (OTT) server in communication with a UE for compensating for a phase mismatch between the phase of a Tx oscillator and an Rx oscillator, according to embodiments herein.
  • OTT over the top
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a method of an LMF of a CN for compensating for a phase mismatch between the phase of a Tx oscillator and an Rx oscillator, according to embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a method of a UE for compensating for a phase mismatch between the phase of a Tx oscillator and an Rx oscillator, according to embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 13 illustrated a method of a base station for compensating for a phase mismatch between the phase of a Tx oscillator and an Rx oscillator, according to embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a method of an OTT server in communication with a UE for compensating for a phase mismatch between the phase of a Tx oscillator and an Rx oscillator, according to embodiments herein.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates an example architecture of a wireless communication system, according to embodiments disclosed herein.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a system for performing signaling between a wireless device and a network device, according to embodiments disclosed herein.
  • Various embodiments are described with regard to a UE. However, reference to a UE is merely provided for illustrative purposes. The example embodiments may be utilized with any electronic component that may establish a connection to a network and is configured with the hardware, software, and/or firmware to exchange information and data with the network. Therefore, the UE as described herein is used to represent any appropriate electronic component.
  • various objectives for artificial intelligence (Al)Zmachine learning (ML)-based air interface operation may be considered to provide support for various aspects of, for example, positioning accuracy enhancements.
  • Positioning accuracy enhancements under consideration may include aspects related to cases of direct AI/ML positioning and/or to cases of AI/ML assisted positioning.
  • Example cases of direct AI/ML positioning include a first case that includes UE-based positioning with a UE-side AI/ML model and direct AI/ML positioning; a second case that includes UE-assisted/location management function (LMF)-based positioning with an LMF-side AI/ML model and direct AI/ML positioning; and a third case that includes NG-RAN node-assisted positioning with an LMF-side AI/ML model and direct AI/ML positioning.
  • LMF UE-assisted/location management function
  • Example cases of AI/ML assisted positioning include, for example, a first case that includes UE-assisted/LMF-based positioning with a UE-side AI/ML model and AI/ML assisted positioning; and a second case that includes NG-RAN node-assisted positioning with a base station-side AI/ML model and AI/ML assisted positioning.
  • Possible measurements and/or signaling/mechanism(s) may be provided to facilitate lifecycle management (LCM) operations specific to these positioning accuracy enhancements use cases. Signaling of related measurement enhancements may be also considered. Additionally, method(s) to ensure consistency between training and inference with respect to network-side additional conditions for inferencing at UE for relevant positioning sub-use cases may be identified and enabled.
  • Parameters for the direct AI/ML positioning and AI/ML assisted positioning use cases for AI/ML LCM procedures (e.g., as described above) and corresponding UE features may include, for example, core parameters for the direct AI/ML positioning and AI/ML assisted positioning use cases and core parameters for LCM procedures including performance monitoring.
  • phase mismatch sources e.g., phase mismatch sources
  • various aspects may be considered.
  • the phase noise e.g., in FR2
  • CFO carrier frequency offset
  • Doppler e.g., for all subcarriers
  • oscillator drift e.g., for all subcarriers
  • transmitter/receiver antenna reference point location errors e.g., transmitter/receiver initial phase error (for all subcarriers)
  • phase center offset e.g., phase center offset
  • the initial phase of the transmitter may be zero and may be modeled as a random variable that is uniformly distributed (as described in Table A.3-1).
  • phase information in addition to timing information and power information
  • considerations may include a tradeoff of positioning accuracy and signaling overhead, the impact of transmitter and receiver implementation, and/or other aspects (which are not precluded).
  • phase information may be used in various different ways, (e g., one phase value for the first path or first sample; a triplet of ⁇ timing information, power information, phase information ⁇ for a channel impulse response (CIR), etc.).
  • CIR feedback includes power information, time information and phase information about a carrier wave, where, in some cases, the phase may indicate a particular signature of the carrier wave to be used in an AI/ML model.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a phase mismatch corresponding to a carrier wave transmitted by a first device according to its transmit (Tx) oscillator and received at a second device according to its receive (Rx) oscillator.
  • an initial phase mismatch (a mismatch in the phase information term of the CIR feedback) between the Tx oscillator 102 and Rx oscillator 104 may result in a mismatch between the training of an AI/ML model and the generation of an inference by an AI/ML model, thus reducing system performance and consistency.
  • a phase mismatch 106 between the Tx oscillator 102 and Rx oscillator 104 may occur when there is a difference in an understanding about where the period of a carrier wave starts in absolute time.
  • the absolute timing used at each of the Tx oscillator 102 and the Rx oscillator 104 may be mismatched (as may be caused by various factors), meaning that the perceptions/understandings of the carrier wave at each of the Tx oscillator 102 and the Rx oscillator 104 are relatively out of phase.
  • the UE and/or the base station may both either be understood as the Tx oscillator 102 or the Rx oscillator 104.
  • the phase mismatch 106 may affect certain aspects of AI/ML model design and may affect associated signaling and procedures. As a result, the phase mismatch 106 may need to be compensated for. Additionally, in some cases, it may be that the phase mismatch 106 may need to be estimated.
  • Embodiments herein discuss phase mismatch compensation for AI/ML model design and/or uses that may account for such phase mismatches and, in at least some cases, carrier wave information compensated for the phase mismatch. Additionally, embodiments herein discuss signaling for phase mismatch compensation based on a channel estimate (using a phase term of one tap found in carrier wave tap information) and/or based on a phase mismatch estimate. Such compensation may be performed at an LMF, a UE, or a base station, as the case may be. Note that embodiments herein also discuss particulars of phase mismatch estimation as may be carried out.
  • phase mismatching with respect to a carrier wave may increase AI/ML model performance and generalizability.
  • an AI/ML model may be trained on information using the phase mismatch compensation, thus tailoring the AI/ML model to more adequately generating inferences and/or predictions in the context of performing phase mismatch compensation.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of prediction results obtained from an AI/ML model trained according to no phase mismatch, to a phase mismatch, and to a compensated channel for a phase mismatch, according to embodiments herein.
  • phase mismatch compensation may be introduced and used to train an AI/ML model.
  • the table illustrated in FIG. 2 illustrates how an AI/ML model trained to account for a phase mismatch or account for data (carrier wave information) that has been compensated for the phase mismatch may obtain a more optimal inference/prediction.
  • a result 206 generated by an AI/ML model trained to account for a phase mismatch and tested with data with a phase mismatch is somewhat close to the result 202 of an AI/ML model trained to not account for phase mismatch and tested with data with no phase mismatch. It should be understood that the result 202 represents an ideal case that will not be achievable in the field in all cases (because data with no phase mismatch will not be available in all field scenarios).
  • a result 208 generated by an AI/ML model trained to account for phase mismatch compensated for and tested with data with a phase mismatch compensated for is even closer to the result 202 of the AI/ML model trained to not account for phase mismatch and tested with data with no phase mismatch.
  • the generated result 208 of an AI/ML model trained on compensated data and tested using compensated data has a result 208 that is closest to the result 202 of an AI/ML model trained to not account for phase mismatch and tested with data with no phase mismatch, it has accordingly deemed beneficial to establish mechanisms for the training and use of AI/ML models that expect/use data (carrier wave information) that has been compensated for to account for any in-field phase mismatch aspects.
  • channels may be sampled over time (generating taps) as certain elements of a signal may arrive over time and not all at once.
  • RSRP reference signal received power
  • the use of taps may provide an understanding of the measurement as a whole due to performing taps on the channel over a relevant time period (a procedure which may be particularly relevant in cases where, for example, a reference signal experiences multi-path effects).
  • any phase match between the Rx oscillator and the Tx oscillator is devicedriven.
  • any component of the phase terms of each tap of the carrier wave information that is attributable to the phase mismatch between the Tx oscillator and the Rx oscillator may be understood to be the same.
  • channel carrier wave information may be multiplied by the conjugate of a phase term of one tap of the carrier wave information.
  • the resulting fingerprint of the channel carrier wave information may thus be understood to be free of any phase mismatch component information present that may have been present in the original carrier wave information, and thus may be considered to have been compensated for the effects of the unknown phase mismatch.
  • channel carrier wave information including carrier wave tap information (note that a tap may be understood as a sample)
  • carrier wave tap information may take the form of the equation h input h n e Jdn , with the magnitude of a tap i is represented in the general form h L and the phase term of a tap i is represented in the general form e idl .
  • each hfe ⁇ value may be understood as one tap of the received carrier wave.
  • said equation takes the form any phase mismatch component information (corresponding to the unknown 9 mismatch value present for each of the taps) is mathematically eliminated, thus compensating for the phase mismatch (9 mismatch ), while keeping the known initial phase in the equation.
  • the result here may be viewed as a mix of (1) a power delay profile (power and timing information only) on the first tap and (2) CIR (power, timing and phase information) on the additional taps, where the phase of the additional taps have been compensated to remove the effect of any phase mismatch.
  • a conjugate of the phase term of any tap may be so used to remove an unknown 9 mismatcfl from carrier wave tap information.
  • a conjugate of an angle/phase term of the tap representing maximum path may be used to perform the multiplication
  • a conjugate of the angle/phase term of a tap of a first path may be used to perform the multiplication.
  • a conjugate of an estimate of the phase mismatch may be used to perform a compensation.
  • An estimate of 9 mismatch is then determined at the device (e.g., either it is provided to the device or the estimate is made by the device).
  • a phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate e J9mismatch is accordingly identified (or, it may be that the estimate of 9 miSmatC h may have been performed or received in the form of a phase term e J0mlsmatch already).
  • the phase mismatch 0 miSm atch ma y be estimated by estimating the phase mismatch from a positioning reference signal (PRS) and/or a sounding reference signal (SRS).
  • PRS positioning reference signal
  • SRS sounding reference signal
  • the PRS and the SRS may be transmitted in pairs to enable the estimation of the phase mismatch using a phase estimation error algorithm. Note that the interval between transmissions may be based on the velocity of the UE.
  • the phase mismatch 6 mismatch may be estimated by introducing and using a location positioning protocol (LPP) request for phase mismatch (e.g., as received from a main radio).
  • LPP location positioning protocol
  • the phase mismatch estimation may be derived from other reference signals (RSs). This may include the use of a request on the ability to access a phase offset error change (e.g.. within X number of slots). This may also include a transmission in an LPP context and/or to an entity collecting the input data. Note that this may include a CFO and/or a phase estimator, which may estimate the phase mismatch, may find the phase mismatch, and/or may remove the mismatch. In some examples, the CFO and/or the phase estimator may feedback the actual phase mismatch estimation or may feedback a difference in phase mismatch estimations.
  • RSs reference signals
  • phase of the specific channel tap is used (e.g., the first tap or a maximum tap of the carrier wave information).
  • a double difference procedure may be used to estimate the phase mismatch (taking the difference of the phases of different receivers and transceivers to eliminate the effect of the phase mismatch and in turn estimating the phase mismatch).
  • CPP carrier phase positioning
  • an AI/ML model may be introduced to estimate the phase mismatch or assist in the estimation of the phase mismatch.
  • phase mismatch compensation as discussed herein (using either a phase term of a tap of a carrier wave or a phase term that uses a phase mismatch estimate) may be performed at an LMF server, an over the top (OTT) server, a UE, and/or at a base station.
  • OTT over the top
  • N N + N2
  • an input into the AI/ML model may have one or more NJ taps and a number of N2 taps equal to N - NJ.
  • the taps that have phase information do not have to be consecutive taps within TV, although this may be one case.
  • the N taps could instead be ordered based on tap magnitude.
  • FIG. 3A and FIG. 3B illustrate flow diagrams for phase mismatch compensation based on a phase term of a tap of carrier wave tap information, according to embodiments herein.
  • phase mismatch compensation may be based on a phase term of a tap of the channel/carrier wave information (e.g., a maximum path or the first path of the carrier wave information).
  • the phase mismatch compensation procedure may be performed by an LMF (or OTT server).
  • the flow diagram 300 illustrates an LMF (or OTT server)-side compensation procedure based on a phase term of a channel estimate of a carrier wave (carrier wave tap information) including a UE 302, a base station 304, and an LMF and/or OTT server 306.
  • the flow diagram 300 begins with the UE 302 transmitting 308 feedback CIR including carrier wave tap information through the base station 304 to the LMF and/or OTT server 306.
  • the LMF and/or OTT server 306 performs 310 compensation of the carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of the phase term of a tap of the carrier wave tap information to the carrier wave tap information.
  • the compensated carrier wave tap information may then be used by an AI/ML model of the LMF and/or OTT server 306 to perform 312 a positioning inference.
  • a similar phase mismatch compensation procedure may be performed at a UE.
  • the flow diagram 314 illustrates a UE-side compensation procedure based on a phase term of a tap of a carrier wave including a UE 302, a base station 304 and an LMF and/or OTT server 306.
  • the flow diagram 314 begins with the LMF and/or OTT server 306 transmitting 316 a request for compensated carrier wave tap information and a compensation type to the UE 302.
  • the UE 302 performs 318 compensation of the carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of the phase term of a tap of the carrier wave tap information to the carrier wave tap information.
  • the UE 302 may transmit 320 the requested compensated carrier wave tap information (feedback the compensated CIR) to the LMF and/or OTT server 306.
  • the compensated carrier wave tap information may then be used by an AI/ML model of the LMF and/or OTT server 306 to perform 322 a positioning inference.
  • FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B illustrate flow diagrams for phase mismatch compensation based on a phase term of a tap of carrier wave tap information, according to embodiments herein.
  • the phase mismatch compensation procedure may be performed by the LMF and/or OTT server in communication with a base station.
  • the flow diagram 400 illustrates an LMF (or OTT server) side compensation procedure based on a phase term of a carrier wave (carrier wave tap information) including a base station 402 and an LMF and/or OTT server 404.
  • the flow diagram 400 begins with the base station 402 transmitting 406 feedback CIR information including carrier wave tap information to the LMF and/or OTT server 404.
  • the LMF and/or OTT server 404 may perform 408 compensation of the carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of the phase term of a tap of the carrier wave to the carrier wave tap information.
  • the compensated carrier wave tap information may then be used by an AI/ML model of the LMF and/or OTT server 404 to perform 410 a positioning inference.
  • a similar phase mismatch compensation procedure may be performed at a base station, which is in communication with the LMF and/or OTT server.
  • the flow diagram 412 illustrates a base station-side compensation procedure based on phase term of tap of a carrier wave including a base station 402 and an LMF and/or OTT server 404.
  • the flow 7 diagram 412 begins with the LMF and/or OTT server 404 transmitting 414 a request for compensated carrier wave tap information and a compensation type to the base station 402.
  • the base station 402 may perform 416 compensation of the carrier w ave tap information by applying a conjugate of the phase term of a tap of the carrier wave tap information to the carrier wave tap information.
  • the base station 402 may transmit 418 the requested compensated carrier wave tap information (feedback the compensated CIR) to the LMF and/or OTT server 404.
  • the compensated carrier wave tap information may then be used by an AI/ML model of the LMF and/or OTT server 404 to perform 420 a positioning inference.
  • FIG. 5 A and FIG. 5B illustrate flow diagrams for phase mismatch compensation based on a phase mismatch estimate, according to embodiments herein.
  • the phase mismatch may be compensated for based on a phase mismatch estimate.
  • the phase mismatch may be estimated by the UE and/or the base station and subsequently, may be signaled, to the LMF (or OTT server), in combination with the CIR feedback information that includes carrier wave tap information. Additionally, it may be that the phase mismatch estimate may be signaled as a separate field or as assistance information. Then, the compensation of the channel based on the estimated phase mismatch may be performed separately from the estimation of the phase mismatch (either at the UE and/or base station or at the LMF and/or OTT server) by applying a conjugate of a phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate to the carrier wave tap information.
  • flow diagram 500 illustrates an LMF (or OTT server) side compensation procedure based on a mismatch estimate including a UE 502, a base station 504, and an LMF and/or OTT server 506.
  • the flow diagram 500 begins with the LMF and/or OTT server 506 transmitting 508 a request for compensation estimation and a compensation type to the UE 502 (through the base station 504).
  • the UE 502 may estimate 510 a phase mismatch.
  • the UE 502 may transmit 512 feedback CIR (carrier wave tap information) and the phase mismatch to the LMF and/or OTT server 506 (through the base station 504).
  • CIR carrier wave tap information
  • the LMF and/or OTT server 506 may perform 514 compensation of the carrier wave information based on the received feedback CIR (including the phase mismatch estimate) by applying a conjugate of a phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate to the carrier wave tap information.
  • the compensated carrier wave tap information may then be used at an AI/ML model of the LMF to perform 516 a positioning inference.
  • a compensation procedure using the phase mismatch estimate may be performed at the UE.
  • the flow diagram 518 illustrates a UE side compensation procedure based on a mismatch estimate including a UE 502, a base station 504. and an LMF and/or OTT server 506.
  • the flow diagram 518 begins with the LMF and/or OTT server 306 transmitting 520 a request for phase mismatch compensation estimation and a compensation type to the UE 502 (through the base station 504). Then, the UE 502 may estimate 522 the phase mismatch represented in carrier wave tap information at the UE 502.
  • the UE 302 may perform 524 compensation of the carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of a phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate to the carrier wave tap information, and accordingly, may transmit 526 the compensated carrier wave information (feedback the compensated CIR) to the LMF and/or OTT server 506.
  • the compensated carrier wave tap information may then be used at an AI/ML model of the LMF and/or OTT server 506 to perform 528 a positioning inference.
  • FIG. 6A and FIG. 6B illustrate flow diagrams for phase mismatch compensation based on a phase mismatch estimate, according to embodiments herein.
  • the phase mismatch estimation and/or the compensation of the CIR may be performed by the network (i.e., a base station) in communication with the LMF (or OTT server).
  • the flow diagram 600 illustrates an LMF (or OTT server) side compensation procedure based on a mismatch estimate including a base station 602 and an LMF and/or OTT server 604.
  • the flow diagram 600 begins with the LMF and/or OTT server 604 transmitting 606 a request for carrier wave tap information (CIR feedback), an estimated phase mismatch, and a compensation type to the base station 602. Then, the LMF and/or OTT server 604 may estimate 608 the phase mismatch (according to methods discussed herein).
  • CIR feedback carrier wave tap information
  • the LMF and/or OTT server 604 may estimate 608 the phase mismatch (according to methods discussed herein).
  • the base station 602 may transmit 610 the feedback CIR (with the phase mismatch estimate) to the LMF and/or OTT server 604.
  • the LMF and/or OTT server 604 may perform 612 phase mismatch compensation on the received feedback CIR (carrier wave information) by applying a conjugate of a phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate to the carrier wave tap information.
  • the compensated carrier wave tap information may then be used at an AI/ML model of the LMF and/or OTT server 604 to perform 614 a positioning inference.
  • the base station 602 may perform the phase mismatch compensation.
  • flow diagram 616 illustrates a base station side compensation procedure based on a mismatch estimate including a base station 602, and an LMF and/or OTT server 604.
  • the flow diagram 616 begins with the LMF and/or OTT server 306 transmitting 618 a request for compensated carrier wave tap information based on a phase mismatch estimation performed at the base station 602 and a compensation type to the base station 602. Then, the base station 602 may estimate 620 the phase mismatch represented in carrier wave tap information at the base station 304.
  • the base station 602 may perform 622 carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of a phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate to the carrier wave tap information, and accordingly, may transmit 624 the compensated carrier wave information (feedback the compensated CIR) with the compensation type to the LMF and/or OTT server 604.
  • the compensated carrier wave tap information may then be used at an AI/ML model of the LMF to perform 626 a positioning inference.
  • the compensated CIR feedback information may be used by an AI/ML model as an input to or to train an AI/ML model as to account for the phase mismatch in AI/ML model-based positioning.
  • an AI/ML model may be designed to take into account a phase mismatch.
  • a generalized AI/ML model may be designed to accommodate for the phase mismatch. Note that both the input and the output of the AI/ML model are assumed to account for the phase mismatch.
  • pre-compensated channel information may be used as an input to the AI/ML model or during training of the AI/ML model. Additionally, AI/ML model inference may be performed based on the non-compensated channel information (CIR feedback information that is not yet compensated to account for the phase mismatch).
  • a phase term of first tap of a carrier wave and a noncompensated channel information may be used as an input for the AI/ML model or during training of the AI/ML model.
  • the channel (CIR feedback information) may be compensated (as discussed herein) before being used as an input for the AI/ML model.
  • the phase mismatch and the noncompensated channel information (CIR feedback information that is not yet compensated to account for the phase mismatch) may be used as the AI/ML model input. Subsequently, AI/ML model inference may be performed based on the non-compensated channel information (carrier wave information).
  • phase mismatch estimate and the pre-compensated channel information may be used for AI/ML model training. Accordingly, the phase mismatch estimate and the pre-compensated channel information may be used for AI/ML model inference.
  • phase mismatch estimate and the compensated CIR feedback information may be estimated with the channel (carrier wave information) and may be used as an AI/ML model input. Accordingly, the phase mismatch estimate and compensated CIR feedback information (based on the phase mismatch estimate) may be used to perform AI/ML model inference.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a method 700 of an LMF of a CN for compensating for a phase mismatch between the phase of a Tx oscillator and an Rx oscillator, according to embodiments herein.
  • the illustrated method 700 includes receiving 702, from one of a UE or a base station carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 700 further includes identifying 704 a phase term of a first tap of the carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 700 further includes generating 706, at the LMF, compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of the phase term of the first tap of the carrier wave to the carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 700 further includes generating 708, at the LMF, a positioning inference using an AI/ML model using the compensated carrier wave tap information.
  • the first tap of the carrier wave tap information comprises a maximum path tap of the carrier wave tap information.
  • the first tap of the carrier wave tap information comprises a first path tap of the carrier wave tap information.
  • generating the compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of the phase term of the first tap of the carrier wave to the carrier wave tap information comprises multiplying the carrier wave tap information by the conjugate of the phase term of the first tap of the carrier wave to eliminate phase mismatch component information from the carrier wave tap information.
  • the AI/ML model is trained on training compensated carrier wave tap information and uses the compensated carrier wave tap information as an input.
  • the compensated carrier wave tap information comprises a first number of compensated taps, including compensated phase terms and a second number of compensated taps having no phase term.
  • FIG. 8 illustrated a method 800 of a UE for compensating for a phase mismatch between the phase of a Tx oscillator and an Rx oscillator, according to embodiments herein.
  • the illustrated method 800 includes receiving 802, from an LMF of a CN, a request for compensated carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 800 further includes generating 804, at the UE, carrier wave tap information based on carrier wave signaling received from a base station.
  • the method 800 further includes identifying 806, at the UE, a phase term of a first tap of carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 800 further includes generating 808, at the UE, the compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of the phase term of the first tap of the carrier wave to the carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 800 further includes sending 810, to the LMF, the compensated carrier wave tap information.
  • the first tap of the carrier wave tap information comprises a maximum path tap of the carrier wave tap information.
  • the first tap of the carrier wave tap information comprises a first path tap of the carrier wave tap information.
  • generating the compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of the phase term of the first tap of the carrier wave to the carrier wave tap information comprises multiplying the carrier wave tap information by the conjugate of the phase term of the first tap of the carrier wave to eliminate phase mismatch component information from the carrier wave tap information.
  • the compensated carrier wave tap information comprises a first number of compensated taps including compensated phase terms and a second number of compensated taps having no phase term.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a method 900 of a base station for compensating for a phase mismatch between the phase of a Tx oscillator and an Rx oscillator, according to embodiments herein.
  • the illustrated method 900 includes receiving 902, from an LMF of a CN, a request for compensated carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 900 further includes generating 904, at the base station, carrier wave tap information based on carrier wave signaling received from a UE.
  • the method 900 further includes identifying 906, at the base station, a phase term of a first tap of carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 900 further includes generating 908, at the base station, the compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of the phase term of the first tap of the carrier wave to the carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 900 further includes sending 910. to the LMF. the compensated carrier wave tap information.
  • the first tap of the carrier wave tap information comprises a maximum path tap of the carrier wave tap information.
  • the first tap of the carrier wave tap information comprises a first path tap of the carrier wave tap information.
  • generating the compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of the phase term of the first tap of the carrier wave to the carrier wave tap information comprises multiplying the carrier wave tap information by the conjugate of the phase term of the first tap of the carrier wave to eliminate phase mismatch component information from the carrier wave tap information.
  • the compensated carrier wave tap information comprises a first number of compensated taps including compensated phase terms and a second number of compensated taps having no phase term.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a method 1000 of an OTT server in communication with a UE for compensating for a phase mismatch between the phase of a Tx oscillator and an Rx oscillator, according to embodiments herein.
  • the illustrated method 1000 includes receiving 1002, from the UE, carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 1000 further includes identifying 1004 a phase term of a first tap of the carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 1000 further includes generating 1006. at the OTT server, compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of the phase term of the first tap of the carrier wave to the carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 1000 further includes sending 1008 the compensated carrier wave tap information to the UE.
  • the first tap of the carrier wave tap information comprises a maximum path tap of the carrier wave tap information.
  • the first tap of the carrier w ave tap information comprises a first path tap of the carrier wave tap information.
  • generating the compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of the phase term of the first tap of the carrier wave to the carrier wave tap information comprises multiplying the carrier wave tap information by the conjugate of the phase term of the first tap of the carrier wave to eliminate phase mismatch component information from the carrier wave tap information.
  • the compensated carrier wave tap information comprises a first number of compensated taps including compensated phase terms and a second number of compensated taps having no phase term.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a method 1100 of an LMF of a CN for compensating for a phase mismatch between the phase of a Tx oscillator and an Rx oscillator, according to embodiments herein.
  • the illustrated method 1100 includes sending 1102, to one of a UE or a base station, a request for a phase mismatch estimate for carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 1100 further includes receiving 1104, from one of the UE or the base station, CIR feedback, wherein the CIR feedback includes carrier wave tap information and the phase mismatch estimate for the carrier wave.
  • the method 1100 further includes generating 1106, at the LMF, compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of a phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate to the carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 1100 further includes generating 1108, at the LMF, a positioning inference using an AI/ML model using the compensated carrier wave tap information.
  • generating the compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of the phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate to the carrier wave tap information comprises multiplying the carrier wave tap information by the conjugate of the phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate to eliminate phase mismatch component information from the carrier wave tap information.
  • the AI/ML model is trained on training compensated carrier wave tap information and uses the compensated carrier wave tap information as an input.
  • the compensated carrier wave tap information comprises a first number of compensated taps including compensated phase terms and a second number of compensated taps having no phase term.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a method 1200 of a UE for compensating for a phase mismatch between the phase of a Tx oscillator and an Rx oscillator, according to embodiments herein.
  • the illustrated method 1200 includes receiving 1202, from an LMF of a CN, a request for a phase mismatch estimate.
  • the method 1200 further includes generating 1204, at the UE, carrier wave tap information based on carrier wave signaling received from a base station.
  • the method 1200 further includes estimating 1206, at the UE, a phase mismatch for the carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 1200 further includes sending 1208, to the LMF, feedback based on the phase mismatch estimate for the carrier wave tap information.
  • the feedback comprises the phase mismatch estimate for the carrier wave tap information and the carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 1200 further comprises generating, at the UE, compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of a phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate for the carrier wave tap information to the carrier wave tap information, wherein the feedback comprises the compensated carrier wave tap information.
  • the compensated carrier wave tap information comprises a first number of compensated taps, including compensated phase terms and a second number of compensated taps having no phase term.
  • generating the compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of the phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate for the carrier wave tap information to the carrier wave tap information comprises multiplying the carrier wave tap information by the conjugate of the phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate to eliminate phase mismatch component information from the carrier wave tap information.
  • estimating the phase mismatch for the carrier wave tap information comprises estimating the phase mismatch using a PRS and an SRS.
  • estimating the phase mismatch for the carrier wave tap information comprises using an LPP request to obtain a phase offset. [0111] In some embodiments of the method 1200, estimating the phase mismatch for the carrier wave comprises using a double difference estimation procedure. [0112] In some embodiments of the method 1200, estimating the phase mismatch for the carrier wave tap information comprises using an estimation AI/ML model.
  • FIG. 13 illustrated a method 1300 of a base station for compensating for a phase mismatch between the phase of a Tx oscillator and an Rx oscillator, according to embodiments herein.
  • the illustrated method 1300 includes receiving 1302, from an LMF of a CN, a request for a phase mismatch estimate.
  • the method 1300 further includes generating 1304, at the base station, carrier wave tap information based on carrier wave signaling received from a UE.
  • the method 1300 further includes estimating 1306, at the base station, a phase mismatch for the carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 1300 further includes sending 1308, to the LMF, feedback based on the phase mismatch estimate for the carrier wave tap information.
  • the feedback comprises the carrier wave tap information and the phase mismatch estimate of carrier wave tap information and carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 1300 further comprises generating, at the base station, compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of a phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate for the carrier wave tap information to the carrier wave tap information, and wherein the feedback comprises the compensated carrier wave tap information.
  • the compensated carrier wave tap information comprises a first number of compensated taps including compensated phase terms and a second number of compensated taps having no phase term.
  • generating the compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of a phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate for the carrier wave tap information to the carrier wave tap information comprises multiplying the carrier wave tap information by the conjugate of the phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate to eliminate phase mismatch component information from the carrier wave tap information.
  • estimating the phase mismatch for the carrier wave tap information comprises estimating the phase mismatch using a PRS and an SRS.
  • estimating the phase mismatch for the carrier wave tap information comprises using an LPP request to obtain a phase offset. [0118] In some embodiments of the method 1300, estimating the phase mismatch for the carrier wave tap information comprises using a double difference estimation procedure.
  • estimating the phase mismatch for the carrier wave tap information comprises using an estimation AI/ML model.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates a method 1400 of an OTT server in communication with a UE for compensating for a phase mismatch between the phase of a Tx oscillator and an Rx oscillator, according to embodiments herein.
  • the illustrated method 1400 includes sending 1402, to the UE, a request for a phase mismatch estimate for carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 1400 further includes receiving 1404, from the UE, CIR feedback, wherein the CIR feedback includes carrier wave tap information and the phase mismatch estimate for the carrier wave.
  • the method 1400 further includes generating 1406, at the OTT server, compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of a phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate to the carrier wave tap information.
  • the method 1400 further includes generating 1408, at the OTT server, a positioning inference using an AI/ML model using the compensated carrier wave tap information.
  • generating the compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of the phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate to the carrier wave tap information comprises multiplying the carrier wave tap information by the conjugate of the phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate to eliminate phase mismatch component information from the carrier wave tap information.
  • the compensated carrier wave tap information comprises a first number of compensated taps including compensated phase terms and a second number of compensated taps having no phase term.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates an example architecture of a wireless communication system 1500, according to embodiments disclosed herein.
  • the following description is provided for an example wireless communication system 1500 that operates in conjunction with the LTE system standards and/or 5G or NR system standards as provided by 3GPP technical specifications.
  • the wireless communication system 1500 includes UE 1502 and UE 1504 (although any number of UEs may be used).
  • the UE 1502 and the UE 1504 are illustrated as smartphones (e.g., handheld touchscreen mobile computing devices connectable to one or more cellular networks), but may also comprise any mobile or non-mobile computing device configured for wireless communication.
  • the UE 1502 and UE 1504 may be configured to communicatively couple with a RAN 1506.
  • the RAN 1506 may be NG-RAN. E-UTRAN, etc.
  • the UE 1502 and UE 1504 utilize connections (or channels) (shown as connection 1508 and connection 1510, respectively) with the RAN 1506, each of which comprises a physical communications interface.
  • the RAN 1506 can include one or more base stations (such as base station 1512 and base station 1514) that enable the connection 1508 and connection 1510.
  • connection 1508 and connection 1510 are air interfaces to enable such communicative coupling, and may be consistent with RAT(s) used by the RAN 1506, such as. for example, an LTE and/or NR.
  • the UE 1502 and UE 1504 may also directly exchange communication data via a sidelink interface 1516.
  • the UE 1504 is shown to be configured to access an access point (shown as AP 1518) via connection 1520.
  • the connection 1520 can comprise a local wireless connection, such as a connection consistent with any IEEE 802.11 protocol, wherein the AP 1518 may comprise a Wi-Fi® router.
  • the AP 1518 may be connected to another network (for example, the Internet) without going through a CN 1524.
  • the UE 1502 and UE 1504 can be configured to communicate using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication signals with each other or with the base station 1512 and/or the base station 1514 over a multicarrier communication channel in accordance with various communication techniques, such as, but not limited to, an orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) communication technique (e.g., for downlink communications) or a single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) communication technique (e g., for uplink and ProSe or sidelink communications), although the scope of the embodiments is not limited in this respect.
  • OFDM signals can comprise a plurality of orthogonal subcarriers.
  • the base station 1512 or base station 1514 may be implemented as one or more software entities running on server computers as part of a virtual network.
  • the base station 1512 or base station 1514 may be configured to communicate with one another via interface 1522.
  • the interface 1522 may be an X2 interface.
  • the X2 interface may be defined between two or more base stations (e.g., two or more eNBs and the like) that connect to an EPC, and/or between two eNBs connecting to the EPC.
  • the wireless communication system 1500 is an NR system (e.g....
  • the interface 1522 may be an Xn interface.
  • the Xn interface is defined betw een two or more base stations (e.g., two or more gNBs and the like) that connect to 5GC, between a base station 1512 (e.g., a gNB) connecting to 5GC and an eNB, and/or between two eNBs connecting to 5GC (e.g., CN 1524).
  • the RAN 1506 is shown to be communicatively coupled to the CN 1524.
  • the CN 1524 may comprise one or more network elements 1526, which are configured to offer various data and telecommunications services to customers/subscribers (e.g., users of UE 1502 and UE 1504) who are connected to the CN 1524 via the RAN 1506.
  • the components of the CN 1524 may be implemented in one physical device or separate physical devices including components to read and execute instructions from a machine- readable or computer-readable medium (e g., a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium).
  • the CN 1524 may be an EPC, and the RAN 1506 may be connected with the CN 1524 via an SI interface 1528.
  • the SI interface 1528 may be split into two parts, an SI user plane (Sl-U) interface, which carries traffic data between the base station 1512 or base station 1514 and a serving gateway (S-GW). and the SI -MME interface, which is a signaling interface between the base station 1512 or base station 1514 and mobility management entities (MMEs).
  • SI-U SI user plane
  • S-GW serving gateway
  • MMEs mobility management entities
  • the CN 1524 may be a 5GC, and the RAN 1506 may be connected with the CN 1524 via an NG interface 1528.
  • the NG interface 1528 may be split into two parts, an NG user plane (NG-U) interface, which carries traffic data between the base station 1512 or base station 1514 and a user plane function (UPF), and the SI control plane (NG-C) interface, which is a signaling interface between the base station 1512 or base station 1514 and access and mobility management functions (AMFs).
  • NG-U NG user plane
  • UPF user plane function
  • SI control plane NG-C interface
  • an application server 1530 may be an element offering applications that use internet protocol (IP) bearer resources with the CN 1524 (e g., packet switched data services).
  • IP internet protocol
  • the application server 1530 can also be configured to support one or more communication services (e.g., VoIP sessions, group communication sessions, etc.) for the UE 1502 and UE 1504 via the CN 1524.
  • the application server 1530 may communicate with the CN 1524 through an IP communications interface 1532.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates a system 1600 for performing signaling 1634 between a wireless device 1602 and a network device 1618, according to embodiments disclosed herein.
  • the system 1600 may be a portion of a wireless communications system as herein described.
  • the wireless device 1602 may be, for example, a UE of a wireless communication system.
  • the network device 1618 may be, for example, a base station (e.g.. an eNB or a gNB) of a wireless communication system.
  • a base station e.g. an eNB or a gNB
  • the wireless device 1602 may include one or more processor(s) 1604.
  • the processor(s) 1604 may execute instructions such that various operations of the wireless device 1602 are performed, as described herein.
  • the processor(s) 1604 may include one or more baseband processors implemented using, for example, a central processing unit (CPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a controller, a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device, another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • the wireless device 1602 may include a memory' 1606.
  • the memory 1606 may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions 1608 (which may include, for example, the instructions being executed by the processor(s) 1 04).
  • the instructions 1 08 may also be referred to as program code or a computer program.
  • the memory' 1606 may also store data used by, and results computed by, the processor(s) 1604.
  • the wireless device 1602 may include one or more transceiver(s) 1610 that may include radio frequency (RF) transmitter circuitry and/or receiver circuitry that use the antenna(s) 1612 of the wireless device 1602 to facilitate signaling (e.g.. the signaling 1634) to and/or from the wireless device 1602 with other devices (e.g., the network device 1618) according to corresponding RATs.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the wireless device 1602 may include one or more antenna(s) 1612 (e.g., one, two, four, or more).
  • the wireless device 1 02 may leverage the spatial diversity of such multiple antenna(s) 1612 to send and/or receive multiple different data streams on the same time and frequency resources.
  • This behavior may be referred to as, for example, multiple input multiple output (MIMO) behavior (referring to the multiple antennas used at each of a transmitting device and a receiving device that enable this aspect).
  • MIMO multiple input multiple output
  • MIMO transmissions by the wireless device 1602 may be accomplished according to precoding (or digital beamforming) that is applied at the wireless device 1602 that multiplexes the data streams across the antenna(s) 1612 according to known or assumed channel characteristics such that each data stream is received with an appropriate signal strength relative to other streams and at a desired location in the spatial domain (e.g., the location of a receiver associated with that data stream).
  • Certain embodiments may use single user MIMO (SU-MIMO) methods (where the data streams are all directed to a single receiver) and/or multi user MIMO (MU-MIMO) methods (where individual data streams may be directed to individual (different) receivers in different locations in the spatial domain).
  • SU-MIMO single user MIMO
  • MU-MIMO multi user MIMO
  • Other interfaces of such a UE may be made up of transmitters, receivers, and other circuitry (e.g., other than the transceiver(s) 1 10/antenna(s) 1612 already described) that allow- for communication between the UE and other devices and may operate according to known protocols (e.g., Wi-Fi®, Bluetooth®, and the like).
  • known protocols e.g., Wi-Fi®, Bluetooth®, and the like.
  • the wireless device 1602 may include a phase mismatch compensation module 1 16.
  • the phase mismatch compensation module 1616 may be implemented via hardware, software, or combinations thereof.
  • the phase mismatch compensation module 1616 may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and/or instructions 1608 stored in the memory 1606 and executed by the processor(s) 1604.
  • the phase mismatch compensation module 1616 may be integrated within the processor(s) 1604 and/or the transceiver(s) 1610.
  • the phase mismatch compensation module 1616 may be implemented by a combination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or a general processor) and hardware components (e.g.. logic gates and circuitry) within the processor(s) 1604 or the transceiver(s) 1610.
  • the phase mismatch compensation module 1616 may be used for various aspects of the present disclosure, for example, aspects of any of FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 A, FIG. 3B. FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, FIG. 5A, FIG. 5B, FIG. 6A, FIG. 6B, FIG. 8. FIG. 12. and/or FIG. 15.
  • the phase mismatch compensation module 1616 is configured to cause the wireless device 1602 to receive, from an LMF, a request for compensated carrier wave tap information.
  • the phase mismatch compensation module 1616 is further configured to cause the wireless device 1602 to identify, at the wireless device 1602, a phase term of a first tap of carrier wave tap information.
  • the phase mismatch compensation module 1616 is further configured to cause the wireless device 1602 to generate, at the wireless device 1602, the compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of the phase term of the first tap of the carrier wave to the carrier wave tap information.
  • the phase mismatch compensation module 1616 is further configured to cause the wireless device 1602 to send, to the LMF, the compensated carrier wave tap information.
  • the phase mismatch compensation module 1616 is further configured to cause the wireless device 1602 to generate, at the wireless device 1602. the compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of a phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate where the phase mismatch is estimated by the wireless device 1602.
  • the network device 1618 may include one or more processor(s) 1620.
  • the processor(s) 1620 may execute instructions such that various operations of the network device 1618 are performed, as described herein.
  • the processor(s) 1620 may include one or more baseband processors implemented using, for example, a CPU, a DSP, an ASIC, a controller, an FPGA device, another hardware device, a firmware device, or any combination thereof configured to perform the operations described herein.
  • the network device 1618 may include a memory 1622.
  • the memory' 1622 may be a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium that stores instructions 1624 (which may include, for example, the instructions being executed by the processor(s) 1620).
  • the instructions 1624 may also be referred to as program code or a computer program.
  • the memory' 1622 may also store data used by, and results computed by, the processor(s) 1620.
  • the network device 1618 may include one or more transceiver(s) 1626 that may include RF transmitter circuitry and/or receiver circuitry that use the antenna(s) 1628 of the network device 1618 to facilitate signaling (e.g., the signaling 1634) to and/or from the network device 1618 with other devices (e.g., the wireless device 1602) according to corresponding RATs.
  • transceiver(s) 1626 may include RF transmitter circuitry and/or receiver circuitry that use the antenna(s) 1628 of the network device 1618 to facilitate signaling (e.g., the signaling 1634) to and/or from the network device 1618 with other devices (e.g., the wireless device 1602) according to corresponding RATs.
  • the network device 1618 may include one or more antenna(s) 1628 (e.g., one, two, four, or more). In embodiments having multiple antenna(s) 1628, the network device 1618 may perform MIMO, digital beamforming, analog beamforming, beam steering, etc., as has been described.
  • the network device 1618 may include one or more interface(s) 1630.
  • the interface(s) 1630 may be used to provide input to or output from the network device 1618.
  • a network device 1618 that is a base station may include interface(s) 1630 made up of transmitters, receivers, and other circuitry (e.g., other than the transceiver(s) 1626/antenna(s) 1628 already described) that enables the base station to communicate with other equipment in a core network, and/or that enables the base station to communicate with external networks, computers, databases, and the like for purposes of operations, administration, and maintenance of the base station or other equipment operably connected thereto.
  • circuitry e.g., other than the transceiver(s) 1626/antenna(s) 1628 already described
  • the network device 1618 may include a phase mismatch compensation module 1632.
  • the phase mismatch compensation module 1632 may be implemented via hardware, software, or combinations thereof.
  • the phase mismatch compensation module 1632 may be implemented as a processor, circuit, and/or instructions 1624 stored in the memory 1622 and executed by the processor(s) 1620.
  • the phase mismatch compensation module 1632 may be integrated within the processor(s) 1620 and/or the transceiver(s) 1626.
  • phase mismatch compensation module 1632 may be implemented by a combination of software components (e.g., executed by a DSP or a general processor) and hardware components (e.g., logic gates and circuitry) within the processor(s) 1620 or the transceiver(s) 1626.
  • software components e.g., executed by a DSP or a general processor
  • hardware components e.g., logic gates and circuitry
  • the phase mismatch compensation module 1632 may be used for various aspects of the present disclosure, for example, aspects of any of FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3 A, FIG. 3B, FIG. 4A, FIG. 4B, FIG. 5A, FIG. 5B, FIG. 6A, FIG. 6B, FIG. 7 FIG. 9, FIG.
  • the phase mismatch compensation module 1632 is configured to cause the network device 1618 to receive, from an LMF, a request for compensated carrier wave tap information.
  • the phase mismatch compensation module 1632 is further configured to cause the network device 1618 to identify, at the network device 1618, a phase term of a first tap of carrier wave tap information.
  • the phase mismatch compensation module 1632 is further configured to cause the network device 1618 to generate, at the network device 1618, the compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of the phase term of the first tap of the carrier wave to the carrier wave tap information.
  • the phase mismatch compensation module 1632 is further configured to cause the network device 1618 to send, to the LMF, the compensated carrier wave tap information.
  • the phase mismatch compensation module 1632 is further configured to cause the network device 1618, to generate, at the network device 1618, the compensated carrier wave tap information by applying a conjugate of a phase term that uses the phase mismatch estimate where the phase mismatch is estimated by the network device 1618.
  • Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising means to perform one or more elements of the method 800 and method 1200.
  • This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a UE (such as a wireless device 1602 that is a UE, as described herein).
  • Embodiments contemplated herein include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of the method 800 and method 1200.
  • This non-transitory computer-readable media may be, for example, a memory of a UE (such as a memory 1606 of a wireless device 1602 that is a UE, as described herein).
  • Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, or circuitry to perform one or more elements of the method 800 and method 1200.
  • This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a UE (such as a wireless device 1602 that is a UE, as described herein).
  • Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform one or more elements of the method 800 and method 1200.
  • This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a UE (such as a wireless device 1602 that is a UE, as described herein).
  • Embodiments contemplated herein include a signal as described in or related to one or more elements of the method 800 and method 1200.
  • Embodiments contemplated herein include a computer program or computer program product comprising instructions, wherein execution of the program by a processor is to cause the processor to carry out one or more elements of the method 800 and method 1200.
  • the processor may be a processor of a UE (such as a processor(s) 1604 of a wireless device 1602 that is a UE, as described herein). These instructions may be, for example, located in the processor and/or on a memory of the UE (such as a memory 1606 of a wireless device 1602 that is a UE, as described herein).
  • Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising means to perform one or more elements of the method 700, method 900, method 1000, method 1100, method 1300. and/or method 1400.
  • This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a base station (such as a network device 1618 that is a base station, as described herein).
  • Embodiments contemplated herein include one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an electronic device, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the electronic device, to perform one or more elements of the method 700, method 900, method 1000, method 1100, method 1300, and/or method 1400.
  • This non-transitory computer-readable media may be, for example, a memory of a base station (such as a memory 1622 of a network device 1618 that is a base station, as described herein).
  • Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising logic, modules, or circuitry to perform one or more elements of the method 700, method 900, method 1000, method 1100, method 1300, and/or method 1400.
  • This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a base station (such as a network device 1618 that is a base station, as described herein).
  • Embodiments contemplated herein include an apparatus comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform one or more elements of the method 700, method 900, method 1000. method 1100, method 1300, and/or method 1400.
  • This apparatus may be, for example, an apparatus of a base station (such as a network device 1618 that is a base station, as described herein).
  • Embodiments contemplated herein include a signal as described in or related to one or more elements of the method 700, method 900, method 1000, method 1100. method 1300, and/or method 1400.
  • Embodiments contemplated herein include a computer program or computer program product comprising instructions, wherein execution of the program by a processing element is to cause the processing element to carry out one or more elements of the method 700, method 900, method 1000, method 1100, method 1300, and/or method 1400.
  • the processor may be a processor of a base station (such as a processor(s) 1620 of a network device 1618 that is a base station, as described herein). These instructions may be, for example, located in the processor and/or on a memory of the base station (such as a memory 1622 of a network device 1618 that is a base station, as described herein).
  • At least one of the components set forth in one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, and/or methods as set forth herein.
  • a baseband processor as described herein in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth herein.
  • circuitry associated with a UE, base station, network element, etc. as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth herein.
  • Embodiments and implementations of the systems and methods described herein may include various operations, which may be embodied in machine-executable instructions to be executed by a computer system.
  • a computer system may include one or more general-purpose or special-purpose computers (or other electronic devices).
  • the computer system may include hardware components that include specific logic for performing the operations or may include a combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware.
  • personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users.
  • personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Artificial Intelligence (AREA)
  • Evolutionary Computation (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des systèmes et des procédés de compensation de désadaptation de phase destinés à un positionnement basé sur un modèle d'intelligence artificielle (IA)/apprentissage automatique (ML). Par exemple, une fonction de gestion d'emplacement (LMF) peut recevoir, en provenance d'un équipement utilisateur (UE) ou d'une station de base, des informations d'accès à une onde porteuse et peut identifier un terme de phase d'un premier accès des informations d'accès à une onde porteuse. Ensuite, la LMF peut générer des informations d'accès à une onde porteuse compensée, par application d'un conjugué du terme de phase du premier accès des informations d'accès à une onde porteuse et générer une inférence à l'aide d'un modèle AI/ML à l'aide des informations d'accès à une onde porteuse compensées. Dans certains cas, un conjugué d'un terme de phase utilisant une désadaptation de phase estimée peut être utilisé pour générer les informations d'accès à une onde porteuse compensées. De plus, l'UE ou la station de base peut effectuer la compensation des informations d'accès à une onde porteuse.
PCT/US2025/025584 2024-05-07 2025-04-21 Compensation de désadaptation de phase destinée à des mécanismes de positionnement de modèle d'intelligence artificielle/apprentissage automatique Pending WO2025235189A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202463643733P 2024-05-07 2024-05-07
US63/643,733 2024-05-07

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WO2025235189A1 true WO2025235189A1 (fr) 2025-11-13

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6650715B1 (en) * 1998-08-26 2003-11-18 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Apparatus for recovering decision-directed carrier
JP3973543B2 (ja) * 2002-11-20 2007-09-12 三洋電機株式会社 受信方法と装置
US20220322062A1 (en) * 2020-03-31 2022-10-06 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Electronic device and control method thereof
CN116866821A (zh) * 2022-03-27 2023-10-10 华为技术有限公司 通信方法和通信装置
CN117705157A (zh) * 2023-12-13 2024-03-15 马振鹏 一种无线电导航系统的定位精度提升方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6650715B1 (en) * 1998-08-26 2003-11-18 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Apparatus for recovering decision-directed carrier
JP3973543B2 (ja) * 2002-11-20 2007-09-12 三洋電機株式会社 受信方法と装置
US20220322062A1 (en) * 2020-03-31 2022-10-06 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Electronic device and control method thereof
CN116866821A (zh) * 2022-03-27 2023-10-10 华为技术有限公司 通信方法和通信装置
CN117705157A (zh) * 2023-12-13 2024-03-15 马振鹏 一种无线电导航系统的定位精度提升方法

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