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WO2025234487A1 - Dispositif terminal, dispositif de station de base et procédé de communication - Google Patents

Dispositif terminal, dispositif de station de base et procédé de communication

Info

Publication number
WO2025234487A1
WO2025234487A1 PCT/JP2025/017059 JP2025017059W WO2025234487A1 WO 2025234487 A1 WO2025234487 A1 WO 2025234487A1 JP 2025017059 W JP2025017059 W JP 2025017059W WO 2025234487 A1 WO2025234487 A1 WO 2025234487A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
channel
frame
sta
primary channel
operation element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/JP2025/017059
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
龍之介 坂本
智造 野上
渉 大内
恭輔 井上
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sharp Corp
Original Assignee
Sharp Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Sharp Corp filed Critical Sharp Corp
Publication of WO2025234487A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025234487A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
    • H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
    • H04W28/10—Flow control between communication endpoints
    • H04W28/12—Flow control between communication endpoints using signalling between network elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0457—Variable allocation of band or rate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W84/00—Network topologies
    • H04W84/02—Hierarchically pre-organised networks, e.g. paging networks, cellular networks, WLAN [Wireless Local Area Network] or WLL [Wireless Local Loop]
    • H04W84/10—Small scale networks; Flat hierarchical networks
    • H04W84/12—WLAN [Wireless Local Area Networks]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a terminal device, a base station device, and a communication method.
  • This application claims priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2024-077043, filed on May 10, 2024, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides a terminal device, a base station device, and a communication method that enable efficient communication.
  • a first aspect of the present invention is a terminal device comprising: a receiving unit that receives a first operation element and a second operation element; and a control unit that multiplies a first channel number included in the first operation element by a first value and adds the channel start frequency to determine the center frequency of the first channel; information included in the second operation element indicates a second channel; and transmission may be performed on one or more channels that include the second channel but do not include the first channel, following a backoff procedure on the second channel.
  • a second aspect of the present invention is a base station device comprising: a transmitter unit that transmits a first operation element and a second operation element; and a controller that multiplies a first channel number included in the first operation element by a first value and adds the channel start frequency to determine the center frequency of the first channel; information included in the second operation element indicates a second channel; and transmission may be performed on one or more channels that include the second channel but do not include the first channel, following a backoff procedure on the second channel.
  • a third aspect of the present invention is a communication method for use in a terminal device, comprising the steps of receiving a first operation element and a second operation element, and multiplying a first channel number included in the first operation element by a first value and adding a channel start frequency to determine a center frequency of the first channel, wherein information included in the second operation element indicates a second channel, and transmission may be performed on one or more channels including the second channel and excluding the first channel, following a backoff procedure on the second channel.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless LAN system according to an aspect of the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of an OBSS according to an aspect of the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of the configuration of an STA according to an aspect of the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a configuration of an AP according to an aspect of the present embodiment. A figure showing an example of a MAC frame format relating to one aspect of this embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of an A-MSDU according to one aspect of this embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of an A-MPDU according to an aspect of the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of fragmentation according to an aspect of an embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a PPDU according to an aspect of the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a backoff procedure according to an aspect of the present embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating an example of a NAV according to an aspect of the present embodiment.
  • a and/or B may be a term including “A”, “B”, or "A and B”.
  • the wireless LAN system in this embodiment comprises access points (APs) and stations (STAs).
  • the network consisting of access points and stations is called a BSS (Basic Service Set).
  • An access point may also be referred to as a base station device.
  • a station may also be referred to as a terminal device.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of a wireless LAN system according to one aspect of this embodiment.
  • the wireless LAN system includes STA 103, STA 104, and AP 102. 101 may also be referred to as a BSS.
  • An STA may be a logical entity that is a single addressable instance of a Medium Access Control (MAC) and physical layer interface to the wireless medium (WM).
  • An STA may also be referred to as a terminal device.
  • MAC Medium Access Control
  • WM wireless medium
  • the wireless medium may be the medium used to implement the transfer of PDUs (Protocol Data Units) between peer physical layer entities in a Wireless LAN.
  • the wireless medium may also be referred to as a medium.
  • the medium may also be referred to as a Medium.
  • a channel may be an instance of a wireless medium used to transmit PPDUs between two or more STAs.
  • An AP may be an entity that contains one STA and provides associated STA(s) with access to distribution system services (DSS) over a wireless medium.
  • An AP may contain a STA and a distribution system access function (DSAF).
  • DSAF distribution system access function
  • An AP may also be referred to as an STA. That is, an AP may also be an STA.
  • a non-AP STA may be a STA that is not included within an AP.
  • a non-AP STA may be an HT STA.
  • a non-AP STA may be a VHT STA.
  • a non-AP STA may be a HE STA.
  • a non-AP STA may be a STA other than the STAs mentioned above.
  • a non-AP STA may also be referred to as an STA.
  • the distribution system services may be the set of services provided by the distribution system (DS).
  • the distribution system access function may be a function within the AP that provides access between the distribution system and the wireless medium using MAC services and distribution system services.
  • the distribution system may be a system used to interconnect a set of BSSs and an integrated LAN to create an Extended Service Set (ESS).
  • ESS Extended Service Set
  • a BSS may be a set of STAs that have successfully synchronized using JOIN service primitives and one STA that has used a START primitive.
  • MLME-JOIN.confirm may be used as the JOIN service primitive.
  • MLME-JOIN.confirm may be a primitive for confirming synchronization with the BSS.
  • MLME-JOIN.request may be used as the JOIN service primitive.
  • MLME-JOIN.request may be a primitive for requesting synchronization with the BSS.
  • MLME-START.request may be used as the START primitive.
  • MLME-START.request may be a primitive for requesting that a MAC entity start a new BSS.
  • a primitive may be an internal signal in the STA or AP.
  • the internal signal here may be an internal signal used for information exchange between entities in different layers or different protocols, such as between an SME and an MLME, between an SME and a PLME, or between an MLME and a PLME.
  • An ESS may be a set of one or more interconnected BSSs that appear as a single BSS at the Logical Link Control (LLC) layer of a STA associated with any of these BSSs.
  • LLC Logical Link Control
  • An OBSS (Overlapping Basic Service Set) may be a BSS operating on the same channel as the STA's BSS and within (partially or entirely) its BSA (Basic Service Area).
  • BSA Basic Service Area
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of an OBSS according to one aspect of this embodiment.
  • 202 may be AP#1.
  • 203 may be STA#1.
  • 204 may be STA#2.
  • 201 may be BSS#1 consisting of 202, 203, and 204.
  • 203 may be synchronized with 202.
  • 204 may be synchronized with 202.
  • 206 may be AP#2.
  • 207 may be STA#3.
  • 208 may be STA#4.
  • 205 may be BSS#2 consisting of 206, 207, and 208.
  • 207 may be synchronized with 206.
  • 208 may be synchronized with 206.
  • 202 may not be synchronized with 207. 202 may not be synchronized with 208.
  • 206 may not be synchronized with 203. 206 may not be synchronized with 204.
  • 201 and 205 may be BSSs operating on the same channel.
  • 205 may be considered an OBSS by 201.
  • 201 may be considered an OBSS by 205.
  • 202 may receive a frame transmitted by 207.
  • 204 may receive a frame transmitted by 207.
  • 207 may receive a frame transmitted by 202.
  • 207 may receive a frame transmitted by 204.
  • 202 may determine that the channel is busy while 207 is transmitting.
  • 204 may determine that the channel is busy while 207 is transmitting.
  • 207 may determine that the channel is busy while 202 is transmitting.
  • 207 may determine that the channel is busy while 204 is transmitting.
  • a BSA may be an area that includes members of a BSS.
  • a BSA may also include members of other BSSs.
  • 201 may be a BSA that includes 203, 204, and 207.
  • 207 may be a member of another BSS.
  • IBSS Independent Basic Service Set
  • IBSS Independent Basic Service Set
  • An addressable unit may be a station (STA). Physical and operational characteristics may be defined by modifiers placed before the STA term. For example, in the case of location and mobility, addressable units may be fixed STA, mobile STA, and mobility STA. A STA is an addressable destination, but may not (generally) have a fixed location. A STA may have several different characteristics, each of which may shape its function. For example, a single addressable unit may simultaneously have the characteristics of a portable STA, a QoS STA, a dependent STA, and a hidden STA.
  • the architecture may consist of several components that interact to provide a WLAN that supports STA mobility transparently to higher layers.
  • a BSS may be a fundamental building block of a LAN.
  • the range over which member STAs of a BSS can communicate may be considered a coverage area.
  • the range over which the collection of all possible directional transmissions by member STAs may be referred to as a BSA.
  • An infrastructure BSS may be part of a network consisting of multiple BSSs.
  • the architectural component for interconnecting infrastructure BSSs may be a DS for non-General Link (non-GLK) operation.
  • DSs and Extended Service Sets (ESSs) may be mechanisms for extending connectivity for non-GLK operation.
  • GLK operation may involve the use of bridges to form an extended network.
  • the wireless medium and Distribution System Medium (DSM) may be logically separated. Each logical medium may be used for different purposes by different components of the architecture. Recognizing that multiple media are logically distinct is important to understanding the flexibility of the architecture.
  • the LAN architecture is specified independently of the physical characteristics of a particular implementation.
  • a DS may enable support for mobile devices by providing logical services necessary for address-to-destination mapping and seamless integration of multiple BSSs.
  • An AP is an entity with STA functionality and a Distribution System Access Function (DSAF) that may enable associated STAs to access the DS over the wireless medium. Data between the BSS and DS may travel via the DSAF within the AP.
  • An AP may contain STAs that are addressable on the wireless medium using their STA addresses. The addresses an AP uses to communicate on the wireless medium and on the DSM may not necessarily be the same. Data sent from one of the STAs associated with an AP to the AP's STA address may always be received on an uncontrolled port and processed by a port access entity. If a controlled port is authorized, the frame may conceptually pass through the DS.
  • DSs and infrastructure BSSs may be used to build a wireless network of any size and complexity.
  • This network may be referred to as an ESS (Extended Service Set).
  • An ESS is a collection of infrastructure BSSs connected by the same SSID and may be connected by a DS.
  • An ESS may not include a DS.
  • An ESS may appear the same as an IBSS to the LLC layer. STAs within an ESS can communicate, and mobile STA(s) may move between BSSs (within the same ESS) transparently to the LLC.
  • BSSs may partially overlap. This may commonly be used to allocate coverage within a physical range.
  • BSSs may be physically separated.
  • BSSs may be physically co-located. This may be done to provide redundancy.
  • one or more IBSSs or ESSs may be physically co-located with one or more ESSs.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of the device configuration of an STA according to one aspect of this embodiment.
  • the STA may have an antenna unit SU1, an RF (Radio Frequency) unit SU2, a physical layer processing unit (PHY layer processing unit) SU3, a MAC layer processing unit SU4, and an upper layer packet processing unit SU5.
  • the STA may also have a radio transceiver unit SU6 and a frame processing unit SU7.
  • the radio transceiver unit SU6 may be configured to include the antenna unit SU1 and the RF unit SU2.
  • the frame processing unit SU7 may be configured to include the physical layer processing unit SU3 and the MAC layer processing unit SU4.
  • the RF unit SU2 receives radio signals via the antenna unit SU1.
  • the signal received by the RF unit SU2 is converted to a baseband signal and sent to the physical layer processing unit SU3.
  • the physical layer processing unit SU3 performs processing related to physical layer functions (PHY functions) on the converted baseband signal.
  • the signal that has undergone physical layer processing in the physical layer processing unit SU3 is sent to the MAC layer processing unit SU4.
  • the MAC layer processing unit SU4 performs processing related to MAC layer functions (MAC functions) on the baseband signal.
  • the signal that has undergone MAC layer processing in the MAC layer processing unit SU4 is sent as an upper layer packet to the upper layer packet processing unit SU5.
  • the upper layer packet processing unit SU5 performs processing related to upper layer functions on the upper layer packets extracted from the received signal.
  • the processing of the physical layer processing unit SU3 may be controlled by a PLME (Physical Layer Management Entity), which is an entity that controls the physical layer.
  • the processing of the MAC processing unit SU4 may be controlled by an MLME (MAC Layer Management Entity), which is an entity that controls the MAC layer.
  • the PLME and MLME provide their respective layer management service interfaces.
  • the PLME and MLME may also be controlled by an SME (Station Management Entity), which is an entity independent of the layers.
  • the PLME, MLME, and SME may be included in the frame processing unit SU7.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an example of the device configuration of an AP according to one aspect of this embodiment.
  • the AP may have an antenna unit AU1, an RF unit AU2, a physical layer processing unit AU3, a MAC layer processing unit AU4, and a DSAF unit AU5.
  • the DSAF unit AU5 may have upper layer packet processing functionality.
  • the AP may also have a wireless transceiver unit AU6 and a frame processing unit AU7.
  • the wireless transceiver unit AU6 may be configured to include the antenna unit AU1 and the RF unit AU2.
  • the frame processing unit AU7 may be configured to include the physical layer processing unit AU3 and the MAC layer processing unit AU4.
  • the signal received by the RF unit AU2 is converted to a baseband signal and sent to the physical layer processing unit AU3.
  • the physical layer processing unit AU3 performs processing related to physical layer functions on the converted baseband signal.
  • the signal that has undergone physical layer processing in the physical layer processing unit AU3 is sent to the MAC layer processing unit AU4.
  • the MAC layer processing unit AU4 performs processing related to MAC layer functions on the baseband signal.
  • the signal that has undergone MAC layer processing in the MAC layer processing unit AU4 is sent to the DSAF unit AU5 as an upper layer packet.
  • the DSAF unit AU5 performs processing related to upper layer functions on the upper layer packets extracted from the received signal.
  • the DSAF unit AU5 may also provide the upper layer packets to the DS.
  • the DSAF unit AU5 may obtain upper layer packets from the DS. When transmitting upper layer packets, the DSAF unit AU5 performs processing related to upper layer functions. The upper layer packets to be transmitted are sent from the DSAF unit AU5 to the MAC layer processing unit AU4. The MAC layer processing unit AU4 performs processing related to MAC layer functions on the upper layer packets. Frames that have undergone MAC layer processing in the MAC layer processing unit AU4 (frames generated by processing upper layer packets) are sent to the physical layer processing unit AU3. The physical layer processing unit AU3 performs physical layer function processing on the frames that have undergone MAC layer processing. The frames sent from the physical layer processing unit AU3 to the RF unit AU2 are converted into RF signals and transmitted as wireless signals via the antenna unit AU1.
  • the processing of the physical layer processing unit AU3 may be controlled by the PLME.
  • the processing of the MAC processing unit AU4 may be controlled by the MLME.
  • the PLME and MLME may also be controlled by the SME, which is an entity independent of the layers.
  • the PLME, MLME, and SME may be included in the frame processing unit AU7.
  • An HT STA may provide PHY and MAC functionality capable of supporting a throughput of 100 Mb/s or more as measured at the MAC data service access point (SAP).
  • An HT STA may also be a QoS STA.
  • HT features may be utilized by an HT STA associated with an HT AP (High-Throughput AP). A subset of HT features may be used between two HT STAs that are members of the same IBSS.
  • Some PHY features that distinguish HT STAs from non-HT STAs may be multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) operation, spatial multiplexing (SM), spatial mapping (including transmit beamforming), space-time block coding (STBC), low-density parity check (LDPC) coding, and antenna selection (ASEL).
  • PPDU formats permitted by an HT STA may be non-HT format, HT-mixed format, and HT-greenfield format.
  • PPDUs may be transmitted with a 20 MHz bandwidth.
  • PPDUs may be transmitted with a 40 MHz bandwidth.
  • An HT STA may have MAC functionality including frame aggregation, several block ack features, Power Save Multi-Poll (PSMP) operation, reverse direction (RD), and protection mechanisms to support coexistence with non-HT STAs.
  • PSMP Power Save Multi-Poll
  • RD reverse direction
  • a VHT STA may be an HT STA that supports VHT functions in addition to the functions supported by an HT STA.
  • the main PHY function of the VHT STA may be support for channel widths of 40 MHz and 80 MHz.
  • the main PHY function of the VHT STA may be support for VHT single-user (SU) PPDUs.
  • the main PHY function of the VHT STA may be support for channel widths of 160 MHz and 80+80 MHz.
  • the main PHY function of the VHT STA may be support for VHT multi-user (MU) PPDUs.
  • the main PHY function of the VHT STA may not be present in an HT STA.
  • the main MAC function of the VHT STA may be support for A-MPDU padding of VHT PPDUs.
  • the main MAC function of the VHT STA may be support for S-MPDU.
  • the main MAC function of the VHT STA may be support for bandwidth indication response.
  • the main MAC function of the VHT STA may not be present in an HT STA.
  • VHT functionality may be utilized by a VHT STA associated with a VHT AP (Very High-Throughput AP). A subset of VHT functionality may be used between two VHT STAs that are members of the same IBSS.
  • the primary PHY function of an HE STA that is not present in an HT STA or VHT STA may be support for DL MU-MIMO (Down Link Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output) by an HE AP that supports four or more spatial streams when MU-MIMO (Multi-User Multiple Input Multiple Output) is performed across the entire PPDU bandwidth.
  • the primary PHY function of an HE STA that is not present in an HT STA or VHT STA may be support for DL MU-MIMO reception for non-AP HE STAs.
  • the primary MAC function of an HE STA that is not present in an HT STA or VHT STA may be support for AP OMI (Operating Mode Indication) responder and OMI initiator.
  • the primary MAC function of an HE STA that is not present in an HT STA or VHT STA may be support for AP individual TWT (Target Wake Time).
  • the primary MAC function of an HE STA that is not present in an HT STA or VHT STA may be support for non-AP STA two NAV operation.
  • APs and STAs within a BSS may transmit based on Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA).
  • CSMA/CA Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
  • the CSMA/CA protocol may be a protocol designed to reduce the probability of collisions between multiple STAs accessing the medium at points where collisions are most likely to occur.
  • An HT BSS may be a BSS in which a Beacon frame transmitted by an HT STA includes an HT Capabilities element.
  • a VHT BSS may be a BSS in which a Beacon frame transmitted by a VHT STA includes a VHT Operation element.
  • a HE BSS may be a BSS in which a Beacon frame transmitted by an HE STA includes an HE Operation element.
  • an HT BSS may be composed of STAs that support the HT STA capability.
  • a VHT BSS may be composed of STAs that support the VHT STA capability.
  • a HE BSS may be composed of STAs that support the HE capability.
  • the STA may be, for example, an HT STA, a VHT STA, or an HE STA.
  • the STA may also be an STA other than the STAs mentioned above.
  • APs and STAs may transmit frames of multiple frame types that share a common frame format.
  • Frames may be defined at the physical layer, MAC layer, and Logical Link Control (LLC) layer.
  • LLC Logical Link Control
  • a MAC frame may be a unit of data exchanged between MAC entities.
  • a synonym for a MAC frame may be MPDU.
  • An MPDU (MAC Protocol Data Unit) may be a unit of data exchanged between two peer MAC entities using a physical layer (PHY) data service.
  • a synonym for MPDU may be MAC frame.
  • An MSDU (MAC Service Data Unit) may be information delivered as a single unit between MAC Service Access Points (SAPs).
  • a MAC frame at an STA may be processed by the MAC layer processing unit SU4.
  • a MAC frame at an STA may be processed by the frame processing unit SU7.
  • a MAC frame at an AP may be processed by the MAC layer processing unit AU4.
  • a MAC frame at an AP may be processed by the frame processing unit AU7.
  • a PHY frame may be a unit of data exchanged between PHY entities.
  • a synonym for PHY frame may be PPDU.
  • a PPDU (PHY Protocol Data Unit) may be a unit of data exchanged between two peer PHY entities using a physical layer (PHY) data service.
  • a synonym for PPDU may be PHY frame.
  • a PHY frame in an STA may be processed by the physical layer processing unit SU4.
  • a PHY frame in an STA may be processed by the frame processing unit SU7.
  • a PHY frame in an AP may be processed by the physical layer processing unit AU4.
  • a PHY frame in an AP may be processed by the frame processing unit AU7.
  • a MAC frame format may consist of a MAC header, a Frame body, and an FCS.
  • a MAC frame format may consist of a set of fields that occur in a fixed order in every frame.
  • the MAC header may be composed of a Frame Control field, Duration/ID field, Address 1 field, Address 2 field, Address 3 field, Sequence Control field, Address 4 field, QoS Control field, HT Control field, etc.
  • the MAC header may be composed of all of the above fields.
  • the MAC header may be composed of some of the above fields.
  • Figure 5 is a diagram showing an example of a MAC frame format according to one aspect of this embodiment.
  • the MAC frame format may be composed of a MAC header, a Frame Body, and an FCS.
  • the MAC header may be composed of a Frame Control field, a Duration field, an Address 1 field, an Address 2 field, an Address 3 field, a Sequence Control field, an Address 4 field, and a QoS Control field.
  • the MAC frame format may be MPDU.
  • the Frame Control field of the MAC header may be composed of subfields such as the Protocol Version subfield, Type subfield, Subtype subfield, To DS subfield, From DS subfield, More Fragments subfield, Retry subfield, Power Management subfield, More data subfield, Protected Frame subfield, +HTC subfield, Control Frame Extension subfield, Compressed SSID Present subfield, ANO Present subfield, BSS BW subfield, Security subfield, and AP PM subfield.
  • the Frame Control field of the MAC header may be composed of some of the above-mentioned subfields.
  • the Frame Control field of the MAC header may be composed of all of the above-mentioned subfields.
  • the Frame Control field of the MAC header may be composed of a specific combination of subfields depending on the frame type.
  • the Type subfield included in the Frame Control field of the MAC header may indicate the frame type.
  • Control frame, Management frame, or Data frame may be defined as the frame type.
  • the Type subfield may indicate any of Control frame, Management frame, or Data frame.
  • the Type subfield may be a 2-bit subfield. If the Type subfield is set to 00, the frame type may be Management frame. If the Type subfield is set to 01, the frame type may be Control frame. If the Type subfield is set to 10, the frame type may be Data frame.
  • the management frame may be a frame for managing the connection status between devices.
  • the control frame may be a frame for managing the communication status between devices.
  • the data frame may be a frame containing the actual transmission data.
  • the frame subtype may be indicated by the Subtype subfield included in the Frame Control field of the MAC header.
  • the following frame subtypes may be defined: Association Request, Association Response, Reassociation Request, Reassociation Response, Probe Request, Probe Response, Beacon, ATIM, Disassociation, Authentication, Deauthentication, Action, Block Ack Request, Block Ack, PS-Poll, RTS, CTS, Ack, CF-End, Data, QoS Data, etc. Subtypes other than those listed above may also be defined.
  • the frame subtype may be determined from the Type subfield and Subtype subfield contained in the Frame Control field of the MAC header.
  • the Subtype subfield may be a 4-bit subfield. If the Type subfield is set to 00, the Type subfield may indicate a Management frame. If the Type subfield is set to 01, the Type subfield may indicate a Control frame. If the Type subfield is set to 10, the Type subfield may indicate a Data frame.
  • the subtype may be Association Request. If the Type subfield indicates a Management frame and the Subtype subfield is set to 0001, the subtype may be Association Response. If the Type subfield indicates a Management frame and the Subtype subfield is set to 0010, the subtype may be Reassociation Request. If the Type subfield indicates a Management frame and the Subtype subfield is set to 0011, the subtype may be Reassociation Response. If the Type subfield indicates a Management frame and the Subtype subfield is set to 0100, the subtype may be Probe Request. If the Type subfield indicates a Management frame and the Subtype subfield is set to 0101, the subtype may be Probe Response. If the Type subfield indicates Management frame and the Subtype subfield is set to 1000, the subtype may be Beacon.
  • the Beacon frame may be a frame containing information such as the Beacon period and SSID.
  • the Beacon frame may be a frame that is periodically transmitted to STAs within a BSS.
  • the Association Response frame may be a frame containing information such as a Status code.
  • the Association Response frame may be a frame that is transmitted in response to a received Association Request frame.
  • the Reassociation Response frame may be a frame containing information such as a Status code.
  • the Reassociation Response frame may be a frame that is transmitted in response to a received Reassociation Request frame.
  • the Probe Response frame may be a frame that contains information such as the Beacon period and SSID.
  • the Probe Response frame may be a frame that is transmitted in response to a received Probe Request frame.
  • the subtype may be RTS. If the Type subfield indicates a Control frame and the Subtype subfield is set to 1100, the subtype may be CTS. If the Type subfield indicates a Control frame and the Subtype subfield is set to 1101, the subtype may be Ack.
  • the subtype may be Data. If the Type subfield indicates a Data frame and the Subtype subfield is set to 1000, the subtype may be QoS Data.
  • the Frame body field of a MAC frame format may consist of fields and elements defined for each management frame subtype. Fields and elements may appear in a specified relative order, and non-existent fields or elements may be skipped. An STA encountering an unrecognized element ID in the frame body of a received management frame shall ignore that element and continue parsing the remainder of the management frame body (if any) for additional elements with recognizable element IDs. In other words, the Frame body of a management frame may contain one or multiple elements.
  • the element format of each element included in the Frame body may be defined by an Element ID field, Length field, Element ID Extension field, information field, etc.
  • the Information field may contain information specific to the element. For example, if the Element ID is 61, it may indicate an element for HT Operation. For example, if the Element ID is 191, it may indicate an element for VHT Capabilities. For example, if the Element ID is 192, it may indicate an element for VHT Operation. For example, if the Element ID is 255, it may indicate an element for HE Capabilities. For example, if the Element ID is 255, it may indicate an element for HE Operation.
  • Each element included in the Frame body may be referred to as an information element.
  • an HT operation element may be an information element.
  • An HT operation element may be an information element.
  • VHT Capabilities may be an information element.
  • a VHT operation element may be an information element.
  • HE Capabilities may be an information element.
  • HE operation element may be an information element.
  • the Operation element may be information for controlling the operation of STAs within the BSS.
  • the Operation element may consist of multiple fields.
  • the HT Operation element may be defined by an Element ID field, a Length field, a Primary Channel field, an HT Operation information field, and a Basic HT-MCS Set field.
  • the Primary Channel field may indicate the channel number of the primary channel.
  • the HT Operation information field may consist of a Secondary Channel Offset field, an STA Channel Width field, etc.
  • the Secondary Channel Offset field may indicate the offset of the secondary channel relative to the primary channel. If the Secondary Channel Offset field is set to 1, the secondary channel may be located above the primary channel. If the Secondary Channel Offset field is set to 3, the secondary channel may be located below the primary channel. If the Secondary Channel Offset field is set to 0, the secondary channel may not exist.
  • the STA Channel Width field may define the channel width that the STA can use for transmission.
  • the STA Channel Width field may be set to 0 for 20 MHz.
  • the STA Channel Width field may be set to 1 to allow the use of any channel within the supported channel width set.
  • the operation of HT STA(s) within the BSS may be controlled by the HT Operation element. That is, the HT Operation element may be an operation element that controls the operation of HT STA(s) within the BSS.
  • the HT operation element may be transmitted in a Management frame.
  • the HT operation element may be transmitted in a Control frame.
  • the HT operation element may be transmitted in a Data frame.
  • the HT operation element may be transmitted in a Beacon frame.
  • the HT operation element may be transmitted in an Association Response frame.
  • the HT operation element may be transmitted in a Reassociation Response frame.
  • the HT operation element may be transmitted in a Probe Response frame.
  • the VHT Operation element may be defined by an Element ID field, a Length field, a VHT Operation information field, and a Basic VHT-MCS And NSS Set field.
  • the VHT Operation information field may consist of a Channel Width field, a Channel Center Frequency Segment 0 field, and a Channel Center Frequency Segment 1 field.
  • the operation of VHT STA(s) within a BSS may be controlled by the HT Operation element and the VHT Operation element.
  • the VHT Operation element may be an operation element that controls the operation of VHT STA(s) within a BSS.
  • the VHT operation element may be transmitted in a Management frame.
  • the VHT operation element may be transmitted in a Control frame.
  • the VHT operation element may be transmitted in a Data frame.
  • the VHT operation element may be transmitted in a Beacon frame.
  • the VHT operation element may be transmitted in an Association Response frame.
  • the VHT operation element may be transmitted in a Reassociation Response frame.
  • the VHT operation element may be transmitted in a Probe Response frame.
  • the Channel Width field in the VHT Operation information field may define the BSS bandwidth.
  • the Channel Width field may be set to 0 for 20MHz or 40MHz BSS bandwidth.
  • the Channel Width field may be set to 1 for 80MHz, 160MHz, or 80+80MHz BSS bandwidth.
  • the Channel Width field may be set to 2 for 160MHz BSS bandwidth.
  • the Channel Width field may be set to 3 for 80+80MHz BSS bandwidth. Values in the range 4 to 255 for the Channel Width field may be reserved.
  • the Channel Center Frequency Segment 0 field within the VHT Operation information field may define the channel center frequency for a 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, 160MHz, or 80+80MHz VHT BSS.
  • the Channel Center Frequency Segment 0 field may indicate the 20MHz, 40MHz, or 80MHz channel center frequency index at which the VHT BSS operates.
  • the Channel Center Frequency Segment 0 field may indicate the channel center frequency index of the 80MHz channel segment containing the primary channel.
  • the Channel Center Frequency Segment 0 field may indicate the channel center frequency index of the 160 MHz channel on which the VHT BSS operates if the BSS bandwidth is 160 MHz and the Channel Width subfield is 2.
  • the Channel Center Frequency Segment 0 field may indicate the channel center frequency index of the primary 80 MHz channel of the VHT BSS if the BSS bandwidth is 80 + 80 MHz and the Channel Width subfield is 1 or 3.
  • the Channel Center Frequency Segment 1 field within the VHT Operation information field may define the channel center frequency for a 160 MHz or 80+80 MHz VHT BSS.
  • the Channel Center Frequency Segment 1 field may be set to 0 for BSS bandwidths of 20 MHz, 40 MHz, or 80 MHz.
  • the Channel Center Frequency Segment 1 field may indicate the channel center frequency index of the 160 MHz channel on which the VHT BSS operates if the BSS bandwidth is 160 MHz and the Channel Width subfield is 1.
  • the Channel Center Frequency Segment 1 field may be set to 0 if the BSS bandwidth is 160 MHz and the Channel Width subfield is 2.
  • the Channel Center Frequency Segment 1 field may indicate the channel center frequency index of the Secondary 80MHz channel of the VHT BSS when the BSS bandwidth is 80+80MHz and the Channel Width subfield is 1 or 3.
  • the HE Operation element format may consist of an Element ID field, a Length field, an Element ID Extension field, an HE Operation Parameter field, a BSS Color Information field, a Basic HE-MCS And NSS Set field, a VHT Operation Information field, a Max Co-Hosted BSSID Indicator field, a 6GHz Operation Information field, etc.
  • HE STAs within an HE BSS may be controlled by the HT Operation element and the HE Operation element.
  • HE STAs within an HE BSS may be controlled by the HT Operation element, the VHT Operation element (if present), and the HE Operation element.
  • HE STAs within an HE BSS may be controlled by the HE Operation element.
  • the HE Operation element may be an operation element that controls the operation of the HE STA within the BSS.
  • the HE operation element may be transmitted in a Management frame.
  • the HE operation element may be transmitted in a Control frame.
  • the HE operation element may be transmitted in a Data frame.
  • the HE operation element may be transmitted in a Beacon frame.
  • the HE operation element may be transmitted in an Association Response frame.
  • the HE operation element may be transmitted in a Reassociation Response frame.
  • the HE operation element may be transmitted in a Probe Response frame.
  • the HE Operation Parameter field format of the HE Operation element format may consist of a Default PE Duration subfield, a TWT Required subfield, a TXOP Duration RTS Threshold subfield, a VHT Operation Information Present subfield, a Co-Hosted BSS subfield, an ER SU Disabled subfield, a 6GHz Operation Information Present subfield, a Reserved subfield, etc.
  • the VHT Operation Information Present subfield may be set to 1 to indicate that a VHT Operation Information field is present in the HE Operation element, and may be set to 0 otherwise.
  • the 6GHz Operation Information Present field may be set to 1 to indicate that a 6GHz Operation Information field is present, and may be set to 0 otherwise.
  • the BSS Color Information field format of the HE Operation element format may consist of a BSS Color subfield, a Partial BSS Color subfield, a BSS Color Disabled subfield, etc.
  • the 6GHz Operation Information field in the HE Operation element format may provide channel and bandwidth information related to 6GHz operation.
  • the 6GHz Operation Information field format may consist of a Primary channel field, a Control field, a Channel Center Frequency Segment 0 field, a Channel Center Frequency Segment 1 field, a Minimum Rate field, etc.
  • the Primary Channel field may indicate the channel number of the primary channel in 6GHz.
  • the Channel Center Frequency Segment 0 field may indicate the channel center frequency index of the 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, 160MHz, or 80+80MHz channel of a BSS operating in 6GHz.
  • the Channel Center Frequency Segment 0 field may indicate the channel center frequency index of the primary 80MHz channel when the BSS channel width is 160MHz or 80+80MHz.
  • the Channel Center Frequency Segment 1 field may indicate the channel center frequency index of the 160 MHz channel of a BSS operating at 6 GHz.
  • the Channel Center Frequency Segment 1 field may indicate the channel center frequency index of the secondary 80 MHz channel when the channel width is 80+80 MHz.
  • the Control field format within the 6 GHz Operation Information field format may consist of a Channel Width field, a Duplicate Beacon subfield, a Regulatory Info subfield, a Reserved subfield, etc.
  • the Channel Width field indicates the BSS channel width and may be set to 0 for 20 MHz, 1 for 40 MHz, 2 for 80 MHz, or 3 for 80+80 MHz or 160 MHz.
  • An A-MSDU may be a sequence of A-MSDU subframes.
  • Each A-MSDU subframe may consist of an A-MSDU subframe header followed by an MSDU and 0 to 3 padding.
  • the A-MSDU subframe header may contain the DA, SA, and Length fields.
  • the DA and SA fields may contain the values passed in the MA-UNITDATA.request and MAUNITDATA.indication primitive.
  • the Length field may contain the length of the MSDU in octets (i.e., 8-bit units).
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of an A-MSDU according to one aspect of this embodiment.
  • the MAC frame format may be composed of a MAC header, a Frame Body, and an FCS.
  • the MAC header may be composed of a Frame Control field, a Duration field, an Address 1 field, an Address 2 field, an Address 3 field, a Sequence Control field, an Address 4 field, and a QoS Control field.
  • the MAC frame format may be an MPDU.
  • the Frame Body may be composed of n A-MSDU subframes.
  • Each A-MSDU may be composed of an A-MSDU subframe header, an MSDU, and Padding.
  • the A-MSDU subframe header may be composed of a DA field, an SA field, and a Length field.
  • An A-MPDU may consist of a sequence of one or more A-MPDU subframes and a variable amount of EOF adding.
  • Each A-MPDU subframe may consist of an MPDU optionally followed by an MPDU delimiter.
  • Each non-final A-MPDU subframe within an A-MPDU may have padding octets added to make the subframe length a multiple of four octets.
  • the EOF Padding field may consist of the EOF Padding subframe field and the EOF Padding Octets field.
  • the A-MPDU pre-EOF padding may refer to the contents of the A-MPDU, excluding the EOF Padding field.
  • the MPDU delimiter may consist of the EOF field, Reserved field, MPDULength field, CRC field, and Delimiter Signature field.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an example of an A-MPDU according to one aspect of this embodiment.
  • the A-MPDU may be composed of n A-MPDU subframe fields and an EOF Padding field.
  • the n A-MPDU subframe fields may be referred to as A-MPDU pre-EOF padding.
  • Each A-MPDU subframe field may be composed of an MPDU delimiter field, an MPDU field, and a padding field.
  • the MPDU delimiter field may be composed of an EOF field, a Reserved field, an MPDU Length field, a CRC field, and a Delimiter Signature field.
  • the EOF Padding field may be composed of an EOF Padding subframe field and an EOF Padding Octets field.
  • a MAC may fragment and reassemble MSDUs or MMPDUs carried in individually addressed MPDUs.
  • FIG 8 is a diagram showing an example of fragmentation according to one aspect of this embodiment.
  • an MSDU may be fragmented into n pieces.
  • the MSDU may be divided into n Frame Bodies, and each Frame Body may be assigned a MAC HDR (header) and a CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check).
  • MAC HDR header
  • CRC Cyclic Redundancy Check
  • the PPDU may be composed of a PHY preamble, PHY header, PSDU (PHY Service Data Unit), etc.
  • the PPDU may be assigned L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG.
  • the PPDU may be assigned HT-STF, HT-LTF, and HT-SIG.
  • the PPDU may be assigned VHT-STF, VHT-LTF, VHT-SIG-A, and VHT-SIG-B.
  • the PPDU may be assigned HE-STF, HE-LTF, HE-SIG-A, and HE-SIG-B.
  • the PPDU may be assigned HT-STF, HT-LTF, and HT-SIG in addition to L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG.
  • the PPDU may be assigned VHT-STF, VHT-LTF, VHT-SIG-A, and VHT-SIG-B in addition to L-STF, L-LTF, and L-SIG.
  • HE-STF, HE-LTF, HE-SIG-A, and HE-SIG-B may also be added to the PPDU.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of a PPDU according to one aspect of this embodiment.
  • L-STF and L-LTF may be added to the PPDU at the PHY layer.
  • the PPDU may be composed of a PSDU, PHY preamble, PHY header, tail, and padding.
  • the PSDU may be an A-MPDU at the MAC sublayer.
  • the A-MPDU may be composed of multiple MAC frame formats.
  • one MAC frame format may be composed of a MAC header field, an A-MSDU field, and an FCS field.
  • the time interval between frames may be referred to as IFS (Inter Frame Space).
  • IFS Inter Frame Space
  • the STA may use the carrier sense function at the specified time interval to determine whether the medium is idle. In other words, the STA may perform carrier sense for the IFS period to determine whether the medium is idle or not.
  • IFS Inter Frame Space
  • SIFS Short Inter Frame Space
  • PIFS Primary Inter Frame Space
  • DIFS DIFS
  • AIFS Arithmetic Inter Frame Space
  • EIFS Extended Inter Frame Space
  • SBIFS Short Beamforming Inter Frame Space
  • BRPIFS Beam Refinement Inter Frame Space
  • MBIFS Medium Beamforming Inter Frame Space
  • LBIFS Long Beamforming Inter Frame Space
  • the time interval may differ depending on the type of IFS.
  • a PIFS may be an IFS with a longer time interval than a SIFS.
  • a DIFS may be an IFS with a longer time interval than a PIFS.
  • a priority level for accessing the wireless medium may be provided depending on the type of IFS. In other words, an IFS with a shorter time interval may be an IFS with a higher priority level for accessing the wireless medium.
  • SIFS Short Inter Frame Space
  • SIFS Short Inter Frame Space
  • PIFS Primary Inter Frame Space
  • PIFS may be used to control access to the medium to obtain priority access.
  • PIFS may be used to perform CCA of the secondary 20 MHz channel, secondary 40 MHz channel, and secondary 80 MHz channel before 40 MHz, 80 MHz, and 160 MHz transmissions.
  • DIFS DCF Inter Frame Space
  • STAs operating using DCF may transmit data frames (MPDUs) and management frames (MMPDUs).
  • MMPDUs management frames
  • a STA using DCF may transmit if the CS (Carrier Sense) mechanism determines that the medium is idle at the TxDIFS slot boundary and the STA's backoff counter value is zero.
  • CS Carrier Sense
  • AIFS Bitration Inter Frame Space
  • QoS STAs accessing the medium using EDCAF.
  • EIFS Extended Inter Frame Space
  • FCS Extended Inter Frame Space
  • the basic MAC access method used by the STA may be DFC (Distributed Coordination Function).
  • DCF may be a class of coordination function in which the same coordination function logic is always active in each STA within a BSS when the network is operational.
  • DCF may be a type of CSMA/CA.
  • DCF may be a function that must be implemented in all STAs.
  • a STA senses the medium to determine if another STA is transmitting. If the medium is not busy, the STA may transmit. If the medium is determined to be busy, the STA postpones transmission until the current transmission is completed.
  • the gap of a specified duration between frame exchange sequences may be referred to as the IFS.
  • a transmitting STA ensures that the medium is idle for a required period of time before attempting to transmit.
  • the required period of time may be a gap of a specified duration between frame exchange sequences.
  • the required period of time may be referred to as the IFS.
  • the STA may initialize the backoff counter to a random backoff counter before attempting to transmit again after a deferral or immediately after a successful transmission.
  • the STA may decrement the backoff counter once every aSlotTime period while the medium is idle.
  • aSlotTime may be the length of a slot.
  • the slot time here may be the slot time used by the MAC to define the IFS.
  • aSlotTime may be a predetermined length of time (e.g., a fixed length in microseconds).
  • the basic medium access protocol may be DCF.
  • DCF allows automatic sharing of the medium between compatible PHYs through the use of CSMA/CA and a random backoff counter after the medium is busy. All individually addressed traffic uses immediate positive acknowledgment (Ack frame), and if the Ack frame is not received, a retransmission is scheduled by the sender. Multiple STAs may be waiting for the medium to become available, and collisions are most likely when the medium goes from busy to idle. This necessitates a random backoff procedure to resolve medium contention. STA transmissions may interfere (collision) with other STA transmissions even if the carrier sense function (CS function) indicates the medium is not busy. Interference may be identified when an expected response frame is not received.
  • CS function carrier sense function
  • a STA wishing to initiate the transmission of a data frame or management frame using DCF may use the carrier sense mechanism to determine the busy/idle state of the medium. If the medium is busy, the STA waits without interruption for an IFS until the medium is determined to be idle.
  • the type of IFS may be EIFS if the last transition to idle was due to the detection of a frame not correctly received on the medium. Otherwise, the type of IFS may be DIFS.
  • the STA may generate a random backoff count for an additional deferral time before transmitting. However, if the backoff counter already contains a non-zero value, random selection of a number may not be performed.
  • the backoff counter may be a pseudorandom integer drawn from a uniform distribution between [0, CW].
  • CW may be an integer within the range of aCWmin and aCWmax, which is a characteristic of the PHY. CW may be greater than or equal to aCWmin and less than or equal to aCWmax. CW may also be referred to as the contention window.
  • the contention window parameter may take an initial value of aCWmin.
  • the contention window takes on the next value in the series with each failed MPDU transmission attempt and increment of any STA's retries until the contention window reaches the value of aCWmax.
  • the contention window maintains the value of aCWmax until it is reset, at which point the contention window remains at the value of aCWmax.
  • the contention window may be reset to aCWmin. If the SSRC reaches dot11ShortRetryLimit, the contention window may be reset to aCWmin.
  • the set of contention window values may be in ascending order as integer values, powers of 2 minus 1, starting from the PHY-specific aCWmin value and continuing up to the PHY-specific aCWmax. For example, if aCWmin is 7 and aCWmax is 255, the set of contention windows may include 7, 15, 31, 63, 127, and 255.
  • aSlotTime may be 9 ⁇ s.
  • aCWmin may be 15.
  • aCWmax may be 1023.
  • the QoS facility may include an additional coordination function called a Hybrid Coordination Function (HCF) that is only available in a QoS network configuration.
  • HCF Hybrid Coordination Function
  • the HCF may be implemented in all QoS STAs.
  • the HCF is a coordination function that combines aspects of contention-based and contention-free access methods to provide QoS STAs with prioritized, parameterized QoS access to the wireless medium, while continuing to support non-QoS STAs for best-effort transmission.
  • the HCF may include functionality provided by both Enhanced Distributed Channel Access (EDCA) and HCF controlled channel access (HCCA).
  • EDCA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access
  • HCCA HCF controlled channel access
  • the HCF may use a contention-based channel access method called the EDCA mechanism for contention-based transmission.
  • the HCF may use a controlled channel access method called the HCCA mechanism for contention-free transmission.
  • HCCA HVF Controlled Channel Access
  • HC Hybrid Coordinator
  • the EDCA mechanism may provide STAs with differentiated and distributed access to the wireless medium using eight different UPs (User Priorities).
  • UP is a value associated with an MSDU (MAC Service Data Unit) and may indicate how the MSDU is to be processed.
  • UP may be assigned to an MSDU by layers above MAC.
  • UP may take on values from 0 to 7.
  • the EDCA mechanism may define four ACs (Access Categories) to support the delivery of traffic using STAs' UPs.
  • An AC may be a label for a common set of EDCA parameters used by QoS STAs to contend for the channel and transmit MSDUs at a particular priority.
  • AC may take on any of the values AC_BE, AC_BK, AC_VI, or AC_VO.
  • AC_BE, AC_BK, AC_VI, and AC_VO may indicate the access categories corresponding to best effort, background, video, and voice, respectively.
  • a QoS (Quality of Service) facility may be an extension, channel access rule, frame format, frame exchange sequence, or managed object used to provide parameterized and prioritized QoS.
  • a QoS STA may be an STA that implements QoS functionality.
  • a QoS AP may be an AP that supports QoS functionality.
  • a QoS BSS may be a BSS that provides QoS functionality.
  • An Infrastructure QoS BSS may include a QoS AP.
  • the EDCFA Enhanced Distributed Channel Access Function
  • the EDCFA may be a logical function within a QoS STA that uses EDCA to determine when frames in a transmit queue with an associated AC are allowed to be transmitted over the wireless medium. There may be one EDCAF per AC. DCFs and HCFs may be defined to operate within the same BSS.
  • Each EDCAF may maintain a backoff counter measured in backoff slots.
  • the backoff counter may be set to an integer value randomly chosen with a uniform distribution between 0 and CW.
  • AIFS may be defined as AIFSN ⁇ aSlotTime + aSIFSTime.
  • AIFSN may be different for each AC. For example, if AC is AC_BK, AIFSN may be 7. If AC is AC_BE, AIFSN may be 3. If AC is AC_VI, AIFSN may be 2. If AC is AC_VO, AIFSN may be 2.
  • CW may be in ascending order as integer values calculated as powers of 2 minus 1, starting from the PHY-specific CWmin value and continuing to the PHY-specific CWmax.
  • CWmin and CWmax may be different for each AC. For example, if the AC is AC_BK, CWmin may be aCWmin and CWmax may be aCWmax. If the AC is AC_BE, CWmin may be aCWmin and CWmax may be aCWmax. If the AC is AC_VI, CWmin may be ⁇ (aCWmin+1)/2 ⁇ -1 and CWmax may be aCWmin.
  • CWmin may be ⁇ (aCWmin+1)/4 ⁇ -1 and CWmax may be ⁇ (aCWmin+1)/2 ⁇ -1.
  • aCWmin may be 15.
  • aCWmax may be 1023.
  • a STA may decrement its backoff counter once every aSlotTime while the medium is idle. Each time an attempt to send an MPDU fails and any STA increases its retries, it takes on the following series of values:
  • the basic unit of allocation of transmission rights on the wireless medium may be a TXOP.
  • a TXOP Transmission Opportunity
  • a TXOP may be a time interval during which a particular QoS STA has the right to initiate a frame exchange sequence on the wireless medium.
  • a TXOP may be defined by a start time and a maximum duration.
  • Figure 10 is a diagram showing an example of a backoff procedure according to one aspect of this embodiment.
  • the horizontal axis may represent time.
  • 1001 may be a transmission from STA#1.
  • 1002 may be an IFS.
  • 1003 may be a backoff counter.
  • 1003 may be referred to as a contention window.
  • 1004 may be a transmission from STA#2.
  • STA#2 may detect 1001 on the channel.
  • STA#2 may determine that the channel is busy while detecting 1001.
  • 1001 may be a period during which the channel is determined to be busy.
  • STA#2 may perform carrier sensing to determine whether the channel is busy.
  • STA#2 may perform carrier sensing during period 1002 after the period 1001 has ended and it has determined that the channel is idle.
  • 1002 may be a DIFS.
  • 1002 may be an AIFS. If STA#2 is idle during the period 1002, it may start 1003. 1003 decrements the backoff counter while the channel is idle. For example, six backoff counters may be generated in 1003. While the channel is idle, the backoff counter is decremented, and when the backoff counter reaches 0, STA#2 may transmit (1004).
  • the backoff counter may be determined between 0 and CW.
  • CW may be a value selected from a range of values greater than or equal to aCWmin and less than or equal to aCWmax.
  • the channel may also be referred to as a wireless medium.
  • the carrier sense mechanism may be a mechanism that combines the NAV (Network Allocation Vector) status with the STA transmitter's physical carrier sense to determine whether the medium is busy or idle.
  • the NAV is maintained by each STA and may be an indication of periods during which no transmission onto the wireless medium is initiated by the STA, regardless of whether the STA's CCA (Clear Channel Assessment) function senses the medium to be busy.
  • the carrier sensing mechanism in the STA may be performed by the physical layer processing unit SU3 and/or the MAC layer processing unit SU3.
  • the carrier sensing mechanism in the AP may be performed by the physical layer processing unit AU3 and/or the MAC layer processing unit AU3.
  • NAV may be a counter that counts down to zero at a constant rate.
  • the STA may indicate that the virtual carrier sense is idle if the NAV counter is zero.
  • the STA may indicate that the virtual carrier sense is busy if the NAV counter is not zero.
  • the physical carrier sense function and the virtual carrier sense function may be used to determine the state of the medium. If either the physical carrier sense function or the virtual carrier sense function indicates busy, the medium may be considered busy. If both the physical carrier sense function and the virtual carrier sense function indicate idle, the medium may be considered idle.
  • the virtual carrier sense may be referred to as the NAV.
  • the NAV may be provided by all MACs.
  • the physical carrier sense function in the STA may be controlled by the physical layer processing unit SU3.
  • the virtual carrier sense function in the STA may be controlled by the MAC layer processing unit SU4.
  • the physical carrier sense function in the AP may be controlled by the physical layer processing unit AU3.
  • the virtual carrier sense function in the AP may be controlled by the MAC layer processing unit AU4.
  • the NAV in the STA may be controlled by the MAC layer processing unit SU4.
  • the NAV in the AP may be controlled by the MAC layer processing unit AU4.
  • the STA may set the NAV if the address field of the received frame is not its own address.
  • the STA may update the NAV using the information in any valid Duration field in the PSDU.
  • the STA may update the NAV if the value indicated in the Duration field of the received frame is greater than the current NAV value.
  • the STA does not update the NAV if the RA (address) of the received frame is equal to the STA's own MAC address.
  • Carrier sensing may be performed through both physical and virtual mechanisms. Carrier sensing may also be referred to as a carrier sense function. Carrier sensing may also be referred to as a carrier sense mechanism. Carrier sensing may also be referred to as a backoff procedure.
  • the virtual carrier sense mechanism is achieved by delivering reservation information that notifies advance notice of medium usage. Exchanging RTS and CTS frames before the actual data frames may be one means of delivering medium reservation information. RTS and CTS frames may contain a Duration field that defines the period for which the medium is reserved to transmit the actual data frames and Ack frames.
  • a STA that receives an RTS frame (sent by the originating STA) or a CTS frame (sent by the destination STA) processes the medium reservation.
  • a STA can know that the medium is intended to be used to transmit data frames even if it is not receiving from the originating STA.
  • Medium reservation information may be delivered in the Duration/ID field of individually addressed frames.
  • the Duration/ID field may indicate the time (duration) for which the medium is reserved.
  • the Duration/ID field may indicate the time the medium is reserved, ending with the immediately following Ack frame.
  • the Duration/ID field may indicate the time the medium is reserved until the end of the Ack frame following the next fragment.
  • the RTS/CTS mechanism may also work in the case of overlapping BSSs using the same channel.
  • the medium reservation mechanism may also work across BSS boundaries.
  • the RTS (Request To Send) frame format may include a Frame Control field, a Duration field, an RA field, a TA field, and an FCS field.
  • the Duration field of the RTS frame format may indicate the time (in microseconds) required to transmit the pending data or management frame, one CTS frame, one Ack frame, and three SIFS.
  • the RA field of the RTS frame may be the address of the STA that is the intended direct recipient of the pending individually addressed frame.
  • the TA field may be the address of the STA sending the RTS frame or the bandwidth signal TA of the STA sending the RTS frame.
  • the CTS (Clear To Send) frame format may include a Frame Control field, a Duration field, an RA field, and an FCS field.
  • the Duration field of a CTS frame format sent in response to an RTS frame may be the Duration field of the immediately preceding RTS frame minus the time required to send the CTS frame and its corresponding SIFS. That is, it may be the time required to send the pending data or management frame, one Ack frame, and two SIFS. If the CTS frame is the first frame of an exchange and the pending data or management frame requires acknowledgment, the Duration field may be the time (in microseconds) required to send the pending data or management frame, two SIFS, and one Ack frame.
  • the Duration field may be the time required to send the pending data or management frame and one SIFS. If the CTS frame is a response to an RTS frame, the RA field of the CTS frame may be set to the address in the TA field of the RTS frame and the Individual/Group bit may be set to 0. If the CTS frame is the first frame in a frame exchange, the RA field may be set to the sender's MAC address.
  • Figure 11 is a diagram showing an example of NAV according to one aspect of this embodiment.
  • the horizontal axis may represent time.
  • 1101 may be a timeline of AP#1's operation.
  • 1102 may be a timeline of STA#1's operation.
  • 1103 may be a timeline of AP#2's operation.
  • 1104 may be a timeline of STA#2's operation.
  • 1101, 1102, 1103, and 1104 may be timelines on the same channel.
  • 1105 may be an RTS frame.
  • 1106 may be the NAV period of AP#1.
  • 1107 may be a CTS frame.
  • 1108 may be the NAV period of STA#2.
  • 1109 may be a Data frame.
  • 1110 may be an AcK frame.
  • 1111 may be an IFS.
  • 1112 may be a contention window (backoff counter, backoff procedure).
  • STA#1 may send 1105 to AP#2.
  • AP#1 may set 1106 for the period indicated in the Duration field of the RTS.
  • AP#2 may send 1107 to STA#1.
  • STA#2 may set 1108 for the period indicated in the Duration field of the CTS.
  • STA#1 may send 1109.
  • AP#2 receives 1109, it may send 1110 to STA#1.
  • AP#1 may start 1112 at 1111 if the channel is idle.
  • STA#2 may start 1112 at 1111 if the channel is idle.
  • the period between 1105 and 1107 may be IFS.
  • AP#2 may transmit 1107 if the channel is idle during the IFS period before transmitting 1107.
  • the period between 1107 and 1109 may be an IFS.
  • STA#1 may transmit 1109 if the channel is idle during the IFS period before transmitting 1109.
  • the period between 1109 and 1110 may be an IFS.
  • AP#2 may transmit 1110 if the channel is idle during the IFS period before transmitting 1110.
  • AP#1 may be 202 in FIG. 2.
  • STA#1 may be 207 in FIG. 2.
  • AP#2 may be 206 in FIG. 2.
  • STA#2 may be 2088 in FIG. 2.
  • 1101 may be a timeline of operation of an AP or a STA.
  • 1102 may be a timeline of operation of an AP or a STA.
  • 1103 may be a timeline of operation of an AP or a STA.
  • 1104 may be a timeline of operation of an AP or a STA.
  • Channel bonding may involve transmission using one or more 20 MHz channels. Alternatively, channel bonding may involve transmission using multiple 20 MHz channels. Channel bonding may involve transmission using multiple adjacent 20 MHz channels. Channel bonding may also be referred to as channel aggregation. Channel bonding transmits data using multiple channels simultaneously, resulting in wider bandwidth and improved data transmission speeds.
  • the multiple channels used by members of a BSS may include a primary channel and one or more secondary channels, and channel bonding may be performed using multiple of these channels.
  • the primary channel may be a channel common to all STAs that are members of a BSS.
  • the primary 20MHz channel may be a 20MHz channel on which 20MHz PPDUs are transmitted in a 40MHz, 80MHz, 160MHz, or 80+80MHz BSS.
  • the primary 40 channel may be a 40MHz channel on which 40MHz PPDUs are transmitted in an 80MHz, 160MHz, or 80+80MHz BSS.
  • the primary 80 Channel may be an 80MHz channel on which 80MHz PPDUs are transmitted in a 160MHz or 80+80MHz BSS.
  • the primary channel in a 20MHz, 40MHz, 80MHz, 160MHz, or 80+80MHz BSS may be referred to as the primary 20MHz channel.
  • the primary channel may be the channel on which the backoff procedure is performed.
  • a secondary channel is a channel associated with a primary channel and may be a channel used to create a wider channel than the primary channel.
  • a secondary channel in a 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 80+80 MHz BSS may be referred to as a secondary 20 MHz channel.
  • a secondary 20 MHz channel may be a 20 MHz channel adjacent to a primary 20 MHz channel in a 40 MHz BSS.
  • a secondary 20 MHz channel may be a channel that combines with a primary 20 MHz channel to form a 40 MHz channel in a 40 MHz BSS.
  • a secondary 20 MHz channel may be a 20 MHz channel adjacent to a primary 20 MHz channel in an 80 MHz BSS.
  • a secondary 20 MHz channel may be a channel that combines with a primary 20 MHz channel to form a primary 40 MHz channel in an 80 MHz BSS.
  • a secondary 20MHz channel may be a 20MHz channel adjacent to the primary 20MHz channel in a 160MHz or 80+80MHz BSS.
  • a secondary 20MHz channel may be a channel that combines with the primary 20MHz channel to form a primary 40MHz channel in a 160MHz or 80+80MHz BSS.
  • a secondary 40MHz channel may be a 40MHz channel adjacent to the primary 40MHz channel to form an 80MHz channel in an 80MHz BSS.
  • a secondary 40MHz channel may be a 40MHz channel adjacent to the primary 40MHz channel to form a primary 80MHz channel in a 160MHz or 80+80MHz BSS.
  • a secondary 80MHz channel may be an 80MHz channel that does not include the primary 20MHz channel in a 160MHz or 80+80MHz BSS.
  • a secondary 80MHz channel may be combined with a primary 80MHz channel to form a 160MHz or 80+80MHz
  • a non-primary channel may be any 20MHz channel other than the primary 20MHz channel in 40MHz, 80MHz, 160MHz, or 80+80MHz.
  • Figure 12 is a diagram showing an example of channel bonding according to one aspect of this embodiment.
  • 1201, 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, and 1208 may each be a 20 MHz channel.
  • the horizontal axis of Figure 12 may represent frequency.
  • Figure 12 may also show the channel configuration of a BSS operating at a 160 MHz channel width.
  • 1201 may be a primary 20 MHz channel. 1201 may be referred to as the primary channel.
  • 1202 may be a secondary 20 MHz channel.
  • a secondary 40 MHz channel may be formed from 1203 and 1204.
  • a secondary 80 MHz channel may be formed from 1205, 1206, 1207, and 1208.
  • Channels 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, and 1208 may be referred to as secondary channels.
  • the STA may perform a backoff procedure on the primary 20MHz channel and perform channel sensing on the secondary channel during a PIFS immediately before transmission. For example, in Figure 12, to transmit with a 160MHz channel width, the STA may perform a backoff procedure at 1201 and perform channel sensing during a PIFS immediately before transmission at 1202, 1203, 1204, 1205, 1206, 1207, and 1208.
  • Operating class may indicate an index to a set of radio operating values in a regulatory domain.
  • the value of Operating class may indicate a frequency for a channel number, a usable channel center frequency, or a maximum usable channel width.
  • the value of Operating class may indicate a Channel starting frequency, Channel Spacing, Channel set, etc.
  • Channel set may be a list of integer channel numbers valid for the regulatory domain and class.
  • Channel Spacing may be the frequency difference between adjacent non-overlapping channel center frequencies when using the maximum bandwidth of a frequency segment allowed by the Operating class.
  • the value of Operating class may be transmitted in a frame. For example, the value of Operating class may be transmitted in a Beacon frame. The value of Operating class may be transmitted in a Probe Response frame.
  • the value of Operating class may be an Operating class index.
  • the STA may determine the channelization.
  • the channelization determination may be the determination of the center frequency and channel center frequency of the primary 20 MHz channel.
  • the channel center frequency determination may be the determination of the center frequency of the channel width. For example, if the channel width is 80 MHz, the channel center frequency may be the center frequency of the 80 MHz channel width. In other words, the channel center frequency may be the center frequency of the channel width.
  • the center frequency of the primary 20MHz channel may be determined by Channel starting frequency + 5 ⁇ dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel.
  • the center frequency of the primary 20MHz channel may be determined by multiplying the channel number of the primary channel by a predetermined value and adding the channel starting frequency.
  • dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel may be the channel number of the primary channel.
  • the STA may determine dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel from the Operation element included in the frame received from the AP.
  • the STA may determine dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel from information in the Primary Channel field included in the HT Operation element.
  • the STA may determine dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel from information in the Primary Channel field included in the HT Operation element.
  • the STA may determine dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel from information in the Primary channel field in the 6GHz Operation Information field included in the HE Operation element. For example, a STA receiving a Beacon frame from an AP may determine the primary channel from the Primary Channel field of the HT operation element included in the Beacon frame.
  • the Channel starting frequency may be defined as dot11ChannelStartingFactor x 500 kHz. dot11ChannelStartingFactor may be indicated in the Operating Class field.
  • the channel center frequency may be determined as Channel starting frequency + 5 ⁇ dot11CurrentChannelCenterFrequencyIndex. In other words, the channel center frequency may be determined by multiplying the channel center frequency index by a predetermined value and adding the channel starting frequency.
  • the STA may determine dot11CurrentChannelCenterFrequencyIndex from the Operation element included in the frame received from the AP.
  • the STA may determine dot11CurrentChannelCenterFrequencyIndex from the information in the Channel Center Frequency Segment 0 field or the Channel Center Frequency Segment 1 field included in the VHT Operation element.
  • dot11CurrentChannelCenterFrequencyIndex may be either dot11CurrentChannelCenterFrequencyIndex0 or dot11CurrentChannelCenterFrequencyIndex1.
  • dot11CurrentChannelCenterFrequencyIndex0 may be determined from the Channel Center Frequency Segment 0 field included in the VHT Operation element.
  • dot11CurrentChannelCenterFrequencyIndex1 may be determined from the Channel Center Frequency Segment 1 field included in the VHT Operation element.
  • the channel starting frequency may be defined as dot11ChannelStartingFactor x 500 kHz. dot11ChannelStartingFactor may be indicated in the Operating Class field.
  • the Center frequency of the 80MHz channel may be 5210MHz, and the center frequency of the primary 20MHz channel may be 5180MHz.
  • the center frequency of the 80MHz bandwidth channel in frequency segment0 may be 5775MHz
  • the center frequency of the 80MHz bandwidth channel in frequency segment1 may be 5530MHz
  • the center frequency of the primary 20MHz channel may be 5805MHz.
  • channel center frequencies may be defined in integer multiples of 5 MHz above the channel starting frequency.
  • Channel center frequency may be the channel center frequency.
  • Channel starting frequency may be the channel starting frequency.
  • Nch may be a channel number.
  • Nch may be any value between 1 and 233.
  • Channel starting frequency may be defined as dot11ChannelStartingFactor ⁇ 500 kHz.
  • the channel number and/or Channel starting frequency may be predefined.
  • the AP may include information related to the primary channel in the operation element and send it in a frame.
  • the information related to the primary channel may be the channel number of the primary channel.
  • the AP may include the channel number of the primary channel in the operation element and send it in a frame.
  • the AP may indicate the channel number of the primary channel in the Primary channel field of the HT operation element.
  • the AP may indicate the channel number of the primary channel in the Primary channel field in the 6GHz Operation Information field included in the HE operation element.
  • PHY-CCA.indication primitive may be a primitive indicating the current state of the medium from the PHY to the MAC entity.
  • PHY-CCA.indication primitive may include a STATE parameter.
  • PHY-CCA.indication primitive may include a channel-list parameter.
  • the STATE parameter of PHY-CCA.indication primitive may have one of two values: BUSY or IDLE.
  • the STATE parameter value of PHY-CCA.indication primitive may be BUSY if the PHY's evaluation of the channels indicates that the channels are unavailable. Otherwise, the STATE parameter value of PHY-CCA.indication primitive may be IDLE. If the STA is in the IDLE state, the channel-list parameter is not present.
  • the channel-list parameter may contain a set indicating busy channels. That is, if CCA is determined by multiple channels and is BUSY, the channel-list parameter may be present.
  • the channel-list parameter of a PHY-CCA.indication primitive generated by a VHT STA may contain at most a single entry. For example, entries in the Channel-list parameter may indicate primary, secondary, secondary40, and secondary80.
  • the STA may determine the PHY-CCA.indication primitive in the physical layer processing unit SU3.
  • the STA may indicate the PHY-CCA.indication primitive determined in the physical layer processing unit SU3 to the MAC layer processing unit SU4.
  • the AP may issue the PHY-CCA.indication primitive in the physical layer processing unit AU3.
  • the AP may indicate the PHY-CCA.indication primitive determined in the physical layer processing unit AU3 to the MAC layer processing unit AU4.
  • a STA with an operation channel width of W MHz may issue a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ primary ⁇ ) primitive within aCCATime period if it detects the start of a PPDU occupying at least the primary 20 MHz channel with an operation channel width of W MHz with a probability of at least a specified percentage (e.g., 90% or more) and the power of the non-HT duplicate or VHT PPDU measured in the primary 20 MHz channel is at or above a specified value (e.g., -82 dBm or more).
  • a specified percentage e.g. 90% or more
  • a STA may issue a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ primary ⁇ ) primitive when it receives a non-HT duplicate or VHT PPDU greater than -82 dBm in the primary 20 MHz channel.
  • -82 dBm may be the threshold for determining whether the channel is idle or busy.
  • the receiver shall issue a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ primary ⁇ ) primitive for any signal that exceeds a threshold (-62 dBm) on the primary 20 MHz channel by a predetermined amount (e.g., 20 dB) above the sensitivity of the lowest modulation and coding rate within aCCATime from the signal's arrival at the receiver's antenna. Thereafter, while the threshold remains exceeded, the receiver shall not issue a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ secondary ⁇ ), PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ secondary40 ⁇ ), PHY CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ secondary80 ⁇ ), or PHY-CCA.indication(IDLE) primitive.
  • the receiver may issue a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ primary ⁇ ) primitive upon receiving any signal above -62 dBm on the primary 20 MHz channel.
  • -62dBm may be the threshold for determining whether a channel is idle or busy.
  • the PHY will issue a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ primary ⁇ ) primitive if there are no conditions for issuing a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ primary ⁇ ) primitive and any signal in the secondary 20 MHz channel exceeds the threshold of -62 dBm or greater within aCCATime of arriving at the receiver antenna in an idle operating channel width of 40 MHz, 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 80+80 MHz. In this case, the PHY will not issue a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ secondary40 ⁇ ), PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ secondary80 ⁇ ), or PHY-CCA.indication(IDLE) primitive.
  • the PHY shall issue a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ primary ⁇ ) primitive when no conditions exist for issuing a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ primary ⁇ ) primitive and, in an idle 40MHz, 80MHz, 160MHz, or 80+80MHz operating channel width, a 20MHz NON_HT, HT_MF, HT_GF, or VHT PPDU of -72dBm or greater is detected on the secondary 20MHz channel with a probability of 90% or greater within aCCAMidTime.
  • -72dBm may be the threshold for determining whether a channel is idle or busy.
  • the PHY shall issue a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ primary ⁇ ) primitive if the conditions for issuing a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ secondary ⁇ ) primitive do not exist and any signal in the secondary 40 MHz channel exceeds the threshold of -59 dBm or greater within aCCATime of arriving at the receiver antenna in an idle 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 80+80 MHz operating channel width. In this case, the PHY shall not issue a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ secondary80 ⁇ ) primitive or a PHY-CCA.indication(IDLE) primitive.
  • the PHY shall issue a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ primary ⁇ ) primitive when the conditions for issuing a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ secondary ⁇ ) primitive do not exist and, in an idle 80MHz, 160MHz, or 80+80MHz operating channel width, a 40MHz non-HT duplicate, HT_MF, HT_GF, or VHT PPDU is detected on the secondary 40MHz channel at or above -72dBm with a probability of 90% or greater within a period of aCCAMidTime.
  • the PHY shall issue a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ primary ⁇ ) primitive if the conditions for issuing a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ secondary ⁇ ) primitive do not exist and a 20 MHz non-HT, HT_MF, HT_GF, or VHT PPDU greater than or equal to -72 dBm is detected with a probability of 90% or greater within a period of aCCAMidTime in any 20 MHz subchannel of a secondary 40 MHz channel in an idle 80 MHz, 160 MHz, or 80+80 MHz operating channel width.
  • -72 dBm may be the threshold for determining whether a channel is idle or busy.
  • the PHY will issue a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ primary ⁇ ), PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ secondary ⁇ ), or PHY-CCA.Indication(BUSY, ⁇ secondary40 ⁇ ) primitive when there are no conditions for issuing such a primitive and when an idle 160MHz or 80+80MHz operating channel width is present in the secondary80MHz channel and any signal greater than -56dBm is present.
  • the PHY shall issue a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ primary ⁇ ), PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ secondary ⁇ ), or PHY-CCA.Indication(BUSY, ⁇ secondary40 ⁇ ) primitive if the conditions for issuing such a primitive do not exist and an 80 MHz non-HT duplicate or VHT PPDU greater than or equal to -69 dBm is detected in the secondary 80 MHz channel with a probability of 90% or greater within a period of aCCAMidTime in an idle 160 MHz or 80+80 MHz operating channel width.
  • the PHY shall issue a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ primary ⁇ ), PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ secondary ⁇ ), or PHY-CCA.Indication(BUSY, ⁇ secondary40 ⁇ ) primitive if the conditions for issuing such a primitive do not exist and, in an idle 160 MHz or 80+80 MHz operating channel width, a 40 MHz non-HT duplicate, HT_MF, HT_GF, or VHT PPDU at -72 dBm or greater is detected with a probability of 90% or greater within a period of aCCAMidTime in any 40 MHz subchannel of the secondary 80 MHz channel.
  • the PHY shall issue a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ primary ⁇ ), PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ secondary ⁇ ), or PHY-CCA.Indication(BUSY, ⁇ secondary40 ⁇ ) primitive when no conditions exist for issuing a PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ primary ⁇ ), PHY-CCA.indication(BUSY, ⁇ secondary40 ⁇ ), and when, in an idle 160 MHz or 80+80 MHz operating channel width, a 20 MHz NON_HT, HT_MF, HT_GF, or VHT PPDU is detected at or above -72 dBm on any 20 MHz subchannel of the secondary 80 MHz channel with a probability greater than 90% within aCCAMidTime, where -56 dBm, -69 dBm, and -72 dBm may be the thresholds for determining whether the channel is idle or busy.
  • the threshold may be compared with the signal level of the receiving antenna.
  • the signal level compared with the threshold may be the level of the signal received by antenna unit SU1.
  • the signal level compared with the threshold may be the level of the signal received by antenna unit AU1.
  • the STA may determine the secondary primary channel from information in one or more operation elements (information elements) included in a frame received from the AP.
  • the STA may perform a backoff procedure on the secondary primary channel while the NAV is set (or reset) to the primary channel.
  • the STA may perform a backoff procedure on the secondary primary channel if the primary channel is busy.
  • the STA may transmit on one or more channels, including the secondary primary channel and excluding the primary channel.
  • the STA may switch to the primary channel before the end of the NAV period.
  • the secondary primary channel may be the channel on which the backoff procedure is performed when the backoff procedure is not performed on the primary channel.
  • the secondary primary channel may be selected from the secondary channels. For example, the STA may set the duration indicated in the Duration field of the RTS frame, CTS frame, or PSDU as the NAV duration on the primary channel. Once the STA sets the NAV on the primary channel, it may switch to the secondary primary channel and initiate a backoff procedure.
  • the determination of the secondary primary channel may be the determination of the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • the determination of the primary channel may be the determination of the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • the determination of the primary channel may be the determination of the channel number of the secondary primary channel.
  • the channel corresponding to the center frequency of the primary channel may be the primary channel.
  • the channel corresponding to the center frequency of the secondary primary channel may be the secondary primary channel.
  • the NAV may be maintained.
  • the NAV duration may be the period during which the NAV is set.
  • the NAV may be set based on the duration field included in a frame received by the AP or STA from another AP or another STA. For example, when a STA receives a frame containing a duration field from another STA on the primary channel, it may set its NAV to the primary channel based on the duration field and initiate a backoff procedure on the secondary primary channel.
  • the STA may perform a backoff procedure on the secondary primary channel while its NAV is set on the primary channel.
  • the NAV set on the primary channel may be updated.
  • the backoff procedure may be carrier sensing.
  • the STA may perform carrier sensing on the secondary primary channel while its NAV is set on the primary channel.
  • the STA may transmit on one or more channels that include the secondary primary channel but do not include the primary channel. Note that “may transmit” may also be expressed as "has the right to transmit.”
  • the STA may receive a frame containing information related to the secondary primary channel sent from the AP using the radio transceiver unit SU6, and determine the secondary primary channel using the MAC layer processing unit SU4 or frame processing unit SU7.
  • the AP may determine a secondary primary channel.
  • the AP may transmit information related to the determined secondary primary channel to the STA in a frame including one or more operation elements (information elements).
  • the AP may perform a backoff procedure on the secondary primary channel while the NAV is set (or reset) to the primary channel.
  • the AP may perform a backoff procedure on the secondary primary channel if the primary channel is busy.
  • the AP may transmit on one or more channels including the secondary primary channel and excluding the primary channel.
  • the AP may switch to the primary channel before the end of the NAV period.
  • the secondary primary channel may be the channel on which the backoff procedure is performed when the backoff procedure is not performed on the primary channel.
  • the secondary primary channel may be selected from the secondary channels. For example, the AP may set the duration indicated in the Duration field of the RTS frame, CTS frame, or PSDU as the NAV period on the primary channel. Once the AP sets the NAV on the primary channel, it may switch to the secondary primary channel and initiate a backoff procedure.
  • the determination of the secondary primary channel may be the determination of the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • the determination of the secondary primary channel may be the determination of the channel number of the secondary primary channel.
  • the determination of the primary channel may be the determination of the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • the determination of the primary channel may be the determination of the channel number of the secondary primary channel.
  • the channel corresponding to the center frequency of the primary channel may be the primary channel.
  • the channel corresponding to the center frequency of the secondary primary channel may be the secondary primary channel.
  • the period during which the NAV is set may be the period during which the NAV is maintained.
  • the NAV period may be the period during which the NAV is set.
  • the NAV may be set by the AP or STA based on the duration field included in a frame received from another AP or STA.
  • an AP when an AP receives a frame including a duration field from another STA on the primary channel, it may set the NAV to the primary channel based on the duration field and initiate a backoff procedure on the secondary primary channel.
  • the STA may perform a backoff procedure on the secondary primary channel while its NAV is set on the primary channel.
  • the NAV set on the primary channel may be updated.
  • the backoff procedure may be carrier sensing.
  • the STA may perform carrier sensing on the secondary primary channel while its NAV is set to the primary channel.
  • the AP may transmit on one or more channels that include the secondary primary channel and do not include the primary channel.
  • the AP may determine the secondary primary channel in the MAC layer processing unit AU4 or frame processing unit AU7, and transmit a frame containing information related to the secondary primary channel in the wireless transceiver unit SU6.
  • the frame in which information about the primary channel is transmitted and the frame in which information about the secondary primary channel is transmitted may be the same.
  • the frame in which information about the primary channel is transmitted and the frame in which information about the secondary primary channel is transmitted may be different.
  • the operation element (information element) containing information about the primary channel and the operation element (information element) containing information about the secondary primary channel may be the same.
  • the operation element containing information about the primary channel and the operation element containing information about the secondary primary channel may be different.
  • the element format containing information about the primary channel and the element format containing information about the secondary primary channel may be the same.
  • the element format containing information about the primary channel and the element format containing information about the secondary primary channel may be different.
  • An element format containing information related to the secondary primary channel may be defined.
  • An element ID may be defined for the element format containing information related to the secondary primary channel.
  • the STA or AP may perform sensing on the secondary primary channel, and if the secondary primary channel is idle, it may transmit on one or more channels that include the secondary primary channel but not the primary channel. If the STA or AP has set (or re-set) its NAV on the primary channel, it may perform sensing on the secondary primary channel, and if the secondary primary channel is idle, it may transmit on one or more channels that include the secondary primary channel but not the primary channel. Sensing may be a backoff procedure. Sensing may be carrier sensing.
  • the STA or AP may transmit on one or more channels including the primary channel. If the STA or AP has not set NAV on the primary channel, it may perform sensing on the primary channel, and if the primary channel is idle, it may transmit on one or more channels not including the primary channel. Sensing may be a backoff procedure. Sensing may be carrier sensing.
  • a STA or AP may receive on one or more channels, including the secondary primary channel, but not the primary channel. If the STA or AP has set (or re-set) its NAV on the primary channel, it may receive on one or more channels, including the secondary primary channel, but not the primary channel.
  • a STA or AP may receive on one or more channels, including the primary channel. If a STA or AP does not set NAV on the primary channel, it may receive on one or more channels, including the primary channel.
  • Figure 13 is a diagram showing an example of a backoff procedure on a secondary primary channel of a STA according to one aspect of this embodiment.
  • 1301, 1302, 1303, 1304, 1305, 1306, 1307, and 1308 may each be a 20 MHz channel.
  • Figure 13 may also be a diagram of a STA operating at 160 MHz.
  • 1301 may be the primary channel.
  • 1306 may be the secondary primary channel.
  • 1309 may be a frame received by the STA transmitted by another STA or an AP.
  • 1309 may be a frame received by the STA transmitted by a STA or an AP belonging to an OBSS.
  • 1309 may be an RTS frame.
  • 1309 may be a CTS frame.
  • 1309 may be a Data frame.
  • 1310 may be a NAV.
  • 1311 may be a backoff procedure (backoff counter, contention window, carrier sense).
  • 1312 may be a frame transmission.
  • the STA receives 1309 in 1301, it may set 1310 in 1301 for the period indicated by the Duration field of 1309.
  • the STA may transition to 1306.
  • the STA transitions to 1306, it may start 1311 in 1306.
  • the STA may perform 1312.
  • the STA performing the operation in FIG. 13 is 204 in FIG. 2
  • 1309 may be a frame transmitted by 207 in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 13 may be a diagram of an AP operating at 160 MHz.
  • FIG. 13 is the operation of 202 in FIG. 2
  • 1309 may be a frame transmitted by 207.
  • 1312 may be transmitted using multiple channels.
  • 1312 may be a transmission with a channel width of 80 MHz transmitted using 1308, 1307, 1306, and 1305.
  • the AP and/or STA may determine the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • the center frequency of the secondary primary channel may be obtained by multiplying the channel number of the primary channel by a predetermined value and/or adding the starting frequency of the channel.
  • the center frequency of the secondary primary channel may be defined as Channel starting frequency + X ⁇ dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel.
  • dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel may be the channel number of the primary channel.
  • the AP may notify the STA of an operation element (information element) containing information about the channel number of the primary channel in a frame.
  • the STA may determine the secondary primary channel (center frequency) from the information in the operation element included in the frame received from the AP.
  • the information in the operation element included in the frame received from the AP may be the channel number of the primary channel.
  • the STA may determine the center frequency of the secondary primary channel by multiplying the channel number of the primary channel notified by the AP by a predetermined value and adding the result to the starting frequency of the channel.
  • the center frequency of the secondary primary channel may be determined by Channel starting frequency + X ⁇ dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel, where dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel may be the channel number of the primary channel.
  • the channel number of the primary channel may be used to determine the center frequency of the primary channel and the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • X may be a value other than 5.
  • X may be a positive value.
  • X may be a negative value.
  • X may be 10.
  • X may be -10.
  • X may be a predefined value.
  • the operation element (information element) containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be an HT Operation element, a VHT Operation element, or an HE Operation element, etc.
  • the STA and/or AP may perform a backoff procedure on the secondary primary channel if the backoff procedure cannot be performed on the primary channel.
  • the STA and/or AP may transmit and/or receive on the secondary primary channel if the backoff procedure cannot be performed on the primary channel.
  • the backoff procedure may be carrier sensing.
  • a frame including an operation element (information element) containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Management frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Control frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Data frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Beacon frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be an Association Response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Reassociation Response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Probe Response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Probe Response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be an RTS frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a CTS frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Data frame.
  • the channel number of the primary channel may be notified by a method other than the operation element.
  • a field for notifying the channel number of the primary channel may be defined in the frame format.
  • the number of the primary channel may be notified by an information element.
  • the number of the primary channel may be notified by a field within the information element.
  • the AP and/or STA may determine the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • the center frequency of the secondary primary channel may be the channel number of the primary channel multiplied by a predetermined value and/or added with the starting frequency of the channel.
  • the center frequency of the secondary primary channel may be defined as Channel starting frequency + X ⁇ dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel.
  • dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel may be the channel number of the primary channel.
  • the AP may notify the STA of an operation element (information element) including information on the channel number of the primary channel in a frame.
  • the AP may notify the STA of an operation element including a value of X in a frame.
  • the STA may determine the secondary primary channel (center frequency) from the information in the operation element included in the frame received from the AP.
  • the information in the operation element included in the frame received from the AP may be the channel number of the primary channel.
  • the information in the operation element included in the frame received from the AP may be the value of X.
  • the STA may determine the center frequency of the secondary primary channel by multiplying the channel number of the primary channel notified by the AP by the value of X and adding the result to the starting frequency of the channel.
  • the center frequency of the secondary primary channel may be determined by Channel starting frequency + X ⁇ dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel, where dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel may be the channel number of the primary channel.
  • the channel number of the primary channel may be used to determine the center frequency of the primary channel and the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • X may be a positive value.
  • X may be a negative value.
  • 10 may be indicated as the value of X.
  • -10 may be indicated as the value of X.
  • the operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be an HT Operation element, a VHT Operation element, or an HE Operation element, etc.
  • the operation element containing the value of X may be an HT Operation element, a VHT Operation element, or an HE Operation element, etc.
  • the STA and/or AP may perform a backoff procedure on a secondary primary channel if the backoff procedure cannot be performed on the primary channel.
  • the STA and/or AP may transmit and/or receive on a secondary primary channel if the backoff procedure cannot be performed on the primary channel.
  • the backoff procedure may be carrier sensing.
  • a frame including an operation element (information element) containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Management frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Control frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Data frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Beacon frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be an Association Response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Reassociation Response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Probe Response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Probe Response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be an RTS frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a CTS frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Data frame.
  • the channel number of the primary channel may be notified by a method other than the operation element.
  • a field for notifying the channel number of the primary channel may be defined in the frame.
  • the AP and/or STA may determine the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • the center frequency of the secondary primary channel may be the channel number of the primary channel plus an offset multiplied by a predetermined value and/or the starting frequency of the channel added.
  • the center frequency of the secondary primary channel may be defined as Channel starting frequency + 5 ⁇ (dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel + offset).
  • dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel may be the channel number of the primary channel.
  • the AP may notify the STA of an operation element (information element) including information about the channel number of the primary channel in a frame.
  • the AP may notify the STA of an operation element including an offset in a frame.
  • the channel number of the primary channel may be used to determine the center frequency of the primary channel and the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • the offset may be a positive value.
  • the offset may be a negative value.
  • the operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be an HT Operation element, a VHT Operation element, or an HE Operation element, etc.
  • the operation element containing the offset may be an HT Operation element, a VHT Operation element, or an HE Operation element, etc. If the backoff procedure cannot be performed on the primary channel, the STA and/or AP may perform the backoff procedure on the secondary primary channel. If the backoff procedure cannot be performed on the primary channel, the STA and/or AP may transmit and/or receive on the secondary primary channel.
  • the backoff procedure may be carrier sensing.
  • a frame including an operation element (information element) containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Management frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Control frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Data frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Beacon frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be an Association Response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Reassociation Response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing an offset may be a Management frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing an offset may be a Control frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing an offset may be a Data frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing an offset may be a Beacon frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing an offset may be an Association Response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing an offset may be a Reassociation Response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing an offset may be a Probe Response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing an offset may be a Probe Response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element that includes an offset may be an RTS frame.
  • the AP and/or STA may determine the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • the center frequency of the secondary primary channel may be the channel number of the secondary primary channel multiplied by a predetermined value and/or added by the starting frequency of the channel.
  • the center frequency of the secondary primary channel may be defined as Channel starting frequency + X ⁇ dot11CurrentSecondaryPrimaryChannel.
  • X may be a positive value.
  • X may be a negative value.
  • the value of X may be 5.
  • the value of X may be a value other than 5.
  • X may be a predefined value.
  • X may be a value determined by the AP.
  • the AP may notify the STA of an operation element (information element) including the value of X in a frame.
  • dot11CurrentSecondaryPrimaryChannel may be the channel number of the secondary primary channel.
  • the AP may notify the STA in a frame of an operation element (information element) containing information about the channel number of the secondary primary channel used to determine the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • the operation element by which the AP notifies the channel number of the secondary primary channel may be different from the operation element by which the channel number of the primary channel is notified. For example, it may be a VHT operation element. It may also be an HE operation element. It may also be notified in any other element format.
  • the STA may determine the secondary primary channel (center frequency) from the information in the operation element included in the frame received from the AP.
  • the information in the operation element included in the frame received from the AP may be the channel number of the secondary primary channel.
  • the STA may multiply the channel number of the secondary primary channel by a predetermined value and add the result to the starting frequency of the channel to determine the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • the center frequency of the secondary primary channel may be determined by Channel starting frequency + X ⁇ dot11CurrentSecondaryPrimaryChannel.
  • X may be a positive value.
  • X may be a negative value.
  • the value of X may be 5.
  • the value of X may be a value other than 5.
  • dot11CurrentSecondaryPrimaryChannel may be the channel number of the secondary primary channel.
  • the operation element in which the channel number of the secondary primary channel is notified may be different from the operation element in which the channel number of the primary channel is notified.
  • it may be a VHT operation element. It may be an HE operation element. It may be notified in any other element format.
  • the channel number of the secondary primary channel may be different from the channel number of the primary channel. If the backoff procedure cannot be performed on the primary channel, the STA and/or AP may perform the backoff procedure on the secondary primary channel. The STA and/or AP may transmit and/or receive on the secondary primary channel if the backoff procedure cannot be performed on the primary channel.
  • the backoff procedure may be carrier sensing.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information on the channel number of the secondary primary channel may be a probe response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the secondary primary channel may be a Probe Response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the secondary primary channel may be an RTS frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the secondary primary channel may be a CTS frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the secondary primary channel may be a Data frame.
  • the channel number of the secondary primary channel may be notified by a method other than the operation element.
  • a field for notifying the channel number of the secondary primary channel may be defined in the frame.
  • the number of the secondary primary channel may be notified by an information element.
  • the number of the secondary primary channel may be notified by a field within the information element.
  • the AP and/or STA may determine the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • the center frequency of the secondary primary channel may be the channel number of the primary channel multiplied by a predetermined value and/or added to the starting frequency of the channel, and then an offset may be added.
  • the center frequency of the secondary primary channel may be defined as Channel starting frequency + 5 x dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel + Offset.
  • dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel may be the channel number of the primary channel.
  • the AP may notify the STA in a frame of an operation element (information element) containing information about the channel number of the primary channel used to determine the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • the offset may be a predefined value.
  • the STA may determine the secondary primary channel (center frequency) from the information in the operation element included in the frame received from the AP.
  • the information in the operation element included in the frame received from the AP may be the channel number of the primary channel.
  • the STA may determine the center frequency of the secondary primary channel by multiplying the channel number of the primary channel by a predetermined value, adding the result to the starting frequency of the channel, and then adding an Offset.
  • the center frequency of the secondary primary channel may be determined as Channel starting frequency + 5 x dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel + Offset. Offset may be a predefined value.
  • dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel may be the channel number of the primary channel.
  • the channel number of the primary channel may be used to determine the center frequency of the primary channel and the center frequency of the secondary primary channel. If the backoff procedure cannot be performed on the primary channel, the STA and/or AP may perform a backoff procedure on the secondary primary channel. If the backoff procedure cannot be performed on the primary channel, the STA and/or AP may transmit and/or receive on the secondary primary channel.
  • the backoff procedure may be carrier sensing.
  • a frame including an operation element (information element) containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Management frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Control frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Data frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Beacon frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be an Association Response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Reassociation Response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Probe Response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Probe Response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be an RTS frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a CTS frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information about the channel number of the primary channel may be a Data frame.
  • the channel number of the primary channel may be notified by a method other than the operation element.
  • a field for notifying the channel number of the primary channel may be defined in the frame.
  • the number of the primary channel may be notified by an information element.
  • the number of the primary channel may be notified by a field within the information element.
  • the AP and/or STA may determine the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • the center frequency of the secondary primary channel may be the channel number multiplied by a predetermined value and/or the starting frequency of the channel plus an offset.
  • the center frequency of the secondary primary channel may be defined as Channel starting frequency + 5 x dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel + Offset.
  • dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel may be the channel number of the primary channel.
  • the AP may notify the STA in a frame of an operation element (information element) containing information about the offset used to determine the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • the offset may be notified in a VHT operation element.
  • the offset may be notified in a HE operation element.
  • the offset may also be notified in another element format.
  • the STA may determine the secondary primary channel (center frequency) from the information in the operation element included in the frame received from the AP.
  • the information in the operation element included in the frame received from the AP may be Offset.
  • the STA may determine the center frequency of the secondary primary channel by multiplying the channel number of the primary channel by a predetermined value, adding the result to the starting frequency of the channel, and then adding Offset.
  • the center frequency of the secondary primary channel may be determined as Channel starting frequency + 5 x dot11CurrentPrimaryChannel + Offset.
  • the Offset may be notified from the AP.
  • the Offset may be notified by the VHT operation element.
  • the Offset may be notified by the HE operation element.
  • the Offset may be notified by any other element format. If the backoff procedure cannot be performed on the primary channel, the STA and/or AP may perform the backoff procedure on the secondary primary channel. If the backoff procedure cannot be performed on the primary channel, the STA and/or AP may transmit and/or receive on the secondary primary channel.
  • the backoff procedure may be carrier sensing.
  • a frame including an operation element containing Offset information may be an RTS frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing Offset information may be a CTS frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing Offset information may be a Data frame.
  • Offset information may be notified by a method other than the operation element.
  • a field for notifying offset information may be defined in the frame. The offset may be notified by the information element. The offset may be notified by a field within the information element.
  • the AP and/or STA may determine the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • the secondary primary channel may be selected randomly from the set of channels defined in the operating class. The selection may be random or uniformly random.
  • the AP may determine the secondary primary channel randomly from the set of channels defined in the operating class and notify the STA of information related to the determined secondary primary channel in a frame.
  • the information related to the secondary primary channel may be the channel number of the secondary primary channel.
  • the information related to the secondary primary channel may be the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • the STA may determine the secondary primary channel from information included in the frame received from the AP.
  • the information related to the secondary primary channel may be notified in a VHT operation element.
  • the information related to the secondary primary channel may be notified in a HE operation element.
  • the information related to the secondary primary channel may be notified in another element format. If the backoff procedure cannot be performed on the primary channel, the STA and/or AP may perform the backoff procedure on the secondary primary channel. If the backoff procedure cannot be performed on the primary channel, the STA and/or AP may transmit and/or receive on the secondary primary channel.
  • the backoff procedure may be carrier sensing.
  • a frame including an operation element (information element) containing information related to the secondary primary channel may be a management frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information related to the secondary primary channel may be a control frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information related to the secondary primary channel may be a data frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information related to the secondary primary channel may be a beacon frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information related to the secondary primary channel may be an association response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information related to the secondary primary channel may be a reassociation response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information related to the secondary primary channel may be a probe response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information related to the secondary primary channel may be a probe response frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information related to the secondary primary channel may be an RTS frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information related to the secondary primary channel may be a CTS frame.
  • a frame including an operation element containing information related to the secondary primary channel may be a Data frame.
  • Information related to the secondary primary channel may be notified by a method other than the operation element.
  • a field for notifying information related to the secondary primary channel may be defined in the frame.
  • the number of the secondary primary channel may be notified by the information element.
  • the number of the secondary primary channel may be notified by a field within the information element.
  • the AP may determine a secondary primary channel and notify the STA of information related to the determined secondary primary channel in a frame.
  • the information related to the secondary primary channel may be the channel number of the secondary primary channel.
  • the information related to the secondary primary channel may be the center frequency of the secondary primary channel.
  • the STA may determine the secondary primary channel from the information contained in the frame received from the AP. For example, if the channel number of the secondary primary channel is notified as information related to the secondary primary channel, the STA may determine the channel corresponding to the channel number as the secondary primary channel. For example, if the center frequency of the secondary primary channel is notified as information related to the secondary primary channel, the STA may determine the channel corresponding to the center frequency as the secondary primary channel.
  • Information related to the secondary primary channel may be notified in a VHT operation element.
  • Information related to the secondary primary channel may be notified in a HE operation element.
  • Information related to the secondary primary channel may be notified in other element formats. If the backoff procedure cannot be performed on the primary channel, the STA and/or AP may perform the backoff procedure on the secondary primary channel. If the backoff procedure cannot be performed on the primary channel, the STA and/or AP may transmit and/or receive on the secondary primary channel.
  • the backoff procedure may be carrier sensing.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram showing an example of processing of the secondary primary channel of a STA according to one aspect of this embodiment.
  • the STA receives a frame transmitted by the AP (S1401).
  • the STA uses information contained in the received frame to determine the first channel and the second channel (S1402).
  • the STA determines whether or not NAV is set on the first channel (S1403). If the STA determines that NAV is not set on the first channel (S1403: NO), the STA performs a backoff procedure on the first channel (S1404). If the STA determines that NAV is set on the first channel (S1403: YES), the STA performs a backoff procedure on the second channel (S1405).
  • the backoff procedure may be carrier sensing.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an example of processing of the secondary primary channel of an AP according to one aspect of this embodiment.
  • the AP determines the first channel and the second channel (S1501).
  • the AP transmits a frame including information on the determined first channel and the second channel (S1502).
  • the AP determines whether or not NAV is set on the first channel (S1503). If the AP determines that NAV is not set on the first channel (S1503: NO), the AP receives a frame from the STA on the first channel. If the AP determines that NAV is set on the first channel (S1503: YES), the AP receives a frame from the STA on the second channel (S1505).
  • the AP determines the secondary primary channel and notifies the STA of a frame containing information about the secondary primary channel.
  • the STA determines the secondary primary channel from the information contained in the frame received from the AP.
  • the AP and/or the STA can perform the backoff procedure on the secondary primary channel and transmit the frame.
  • the backoff procedure may be carrier sensing.
  • the programs running on the base station devices and terminal devices relating to the embodiments of the present invention may be programs (programs that make a computer function) that control a CPU (Central Processing Unit) or the like so as to realize the functions of the above-mentioned embodiments relating to the embodiments of the present invention.
  • Information handled by these devices is temporarily stored in RAM (Random Access Memory) during processing, and is then stored in various ROMs such as Flash ROM (Read Only Memory) or HDD (Hard Disk Drive), and is read, modified, and written by the CPU as necessary.
  • the terminal device and part of the base station device in the above-mentioned embodiments may be implemented by a computer.
  • the program for implementing this control function may be recorded on a computer-readable recording medium, and the program recorded on this recording medium may be read into a computer system and executed to implement the function.
  • computer system refers to a computer system built into a terminal device or base station device, and includes hardware such as the OS and peripheral devices.
  • computer-readable recording media refers to portable media such as flexible disks, optical magnetic disks, ROMs, and CD-ROMs, as well as storage devices such as hard disks built into a computer system.
  • “computer-readable recording medium” may include something that dynamically stores a program for a short period of time, such as a communication line when transmitting a program via a network such as the Internet or a communication line such as a telephone line, or something that stores a program for a fixed period of time, such as volatile memory within a computer system that serves as a server or client in such cases.
  • the above program may be one that realizes some of the functions described above, or may be one that can realize the functions described above in combination with a program already recorded in the computer system.
  • the terminal device may comprise at least one processor and at least one memory containing computer program instructions (computer program).
  • the memory and computer program instructions (computer program) may be configured to cause the terminal device to perform the operations and processes described in the above embodiments using the processor.
  • the base station device may comprise at least one processor and at least one memory containing computer program instructions (computer program).
  • the memory and computer program instructions (computer program) may be configured to cause the base station device to perform the operations and processes described in the above embodiments using the processor.
  • the base station device in the above-described embodiments can also be realized as a collection (device group) consisting of multiple devices.
  • Each of the devices that make up the device group may have some or all of the functions or functional blocks of the base station device related to the above-described embodiments. It is sufficient for the device group to have all of the functions or functional blocks of the base station device.
  • the terminal devices related to the above-described embodiments can also communicate with the base station device as a collection.
  • terminal devices and base station devices in the above-described embodiments may be realized as LSIs, which are typically integrated circuits, or as chipsets. Each functional block of the terminal device and base station device may be individually formed into a chip, or some or all may be integrated into a chip.
  • the integrated circuit method is not limited to LSIs; it may also be realized using dedicated circuits or general-purpose processors. Furthermore, if an integrated circuit technology that can replace LSIs emerges due to advances in semiconductor technology, it may also be possible to use integrated circuits based on that technology.
  • a terminal device is described as an example of a communications device, but the present invention is not limited to this and can also be applied to terminal devices or communications devices such as stationary or non-mobile electronic devices installed indoors or outdoors, such as AV equipment, kitchen equipment, cleaning/washing equipment, air conditioning equipment, office equipment, vending machines, and other household appliances.
  • terminal devices or communications devices such as stationary or non-mobile electronic devices installed indoors or outdoors, such as AV equipment, kitchen equipment, cleaning/washing equipment, air conditioning equipment, office equipment, vending machines, and other household appliances.
  • One aspect of the present invention can be used, for example, in communication systems, communication devices (e.g., mobile phone devices, base station devices, wireless LAN devices, or sensor devices), integrated circuits (e.g., communication chips), or programs.
  • communication devices e.g., mobile phone devices, base station devices, wireless LAN devices, or sensor devices
  • integrated circuits e.g., communication chips

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Ce dispositif terminal peut : recevoir un premier élément d'opération et un second élément d'opération ; multiplier un premier numéro de canal inclus dans le premier élément d'opération par une première valeur ; et ajouter une fréquence de début de canal pour déterminer la fréquence centrale d'un premier canal. Des informations incluses dans le second élément d'opération indiquent un second canal et une transmission peut être effectuée sur un ou plusieurs canaux comprenant le second canal et ne comprenant pas le premier canal selon une procédure de réduction de puissance dans le second canal.
PCT/JP2025/017059 2024-05-10 2025-05-09 Dispositif terminal, dispositif de station de base et procédé de communication Pending WO2025234487A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2024-077043 2024-05-10
JP2024077043A JP2025171564A (ja) 2024-05-10 2024-05-10 端末装置および通信方法

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WO2025234487A1 true WO2025234487A1 (fr) 2025-11-13

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WO (1) WO2025234487A1 (fr)

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