WO2025233018A1

WO2025233018A1 - Methods and apparatuses for data transmission

Info

Publication number: WO2025233018A1
Application number: PCT/EP2025/056261
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jerediah FEVOLD; Anna Pantelidou
Original assignee: Nokia Technologies Oy
Current assignee: Nokia Technologies Oy
Priority date: 2024-05-06
Filing date: 2025-03-07
Publication date: 2025-11-13
Anticipated expiration: 2026-11-06
Also published as: GB2640853A; GB202406292D0

Abstract

Techniques for management for aggregating and prioritizing measurement reports in a wireless communication system are provided. For example, a method comprises: receiving, by a terminal device, a configuration for radio interface measurements; determining an indication, wherein the indication is associated with the configuration for the radio interface measurements, for adjusted-schedule data transmission for at least part of data obtained by the radio interface measurements; in the case memory capacity is used, transmitting the at least part of the data according to transmission information in the configuration; and in the case the memory capacity is not used, storing the at least part of the data and transmitting the at least part of the data as adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

Description

METHODS AND APPARATUSES FOR DATA TRANSMISSION

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The disclosure relates to a wireless communication system. More particularly, the disclosure relates to methods and apparatuses for reporting measurements in a wireless communication system. Even mor specifically, the disclosure relates to methods and apparatuses for aggregation and prioritization of measurement reports.

BACKGROUND

[0002] Various embodiments relate to considerations in a (e.g., mobile/wireless) communication system or network, such as a fifth generation (5G)/New Radio (NR) system and a next-generation system beyond 5G. For example, various embodiments are applicable in a 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) standardized mobile/wireless communication system or network of Release 19 onwards.

[0003] Recent considerations and developments of 3GPP concern aspects of Artificial Intelligence (AI)/Machine Learning (ML) for the Air Interface, aiming to develop a baseline for the implementation of AI/ML features in the Radio Access Network (RAN) for several use cases, including Beam Management (BM), Channel State Information (CSI) enhancement (including CSI compression, CSI prediction), and positioning enhancement. To support such AI/ML use cases, several features may be required such as capability signaling, configuration, control, inference reporting, monitoring, and data collection for offline training. Among these features, data collection may have a significant impact, e.g., on user throughput because the data volume to train AI/ML models may be high. Mechanisms that can be used to support data collection are therefore required.

SUMMARY

[0004] It is an object of the present disclosure to provide mechanisms for aggregating and prioritizing measurement reports in a wireless communication system. There are provided methods and apparatuses for aggregating and prioritizing measurement reports.

[0005] According to some aspects, there is provided the subject matter of the independent claims. Some additional aspects are defined in the dependent claims.

[0006] According to a first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for aggregating and prioritizing measurement reports. The method may be performed by a terminal device of a wireless communication system. The method comprises: receiving (e.g., by a terminal device) a configuration for radio interface measurements; determining an indication, wherein the indication is associated with the configuration for the radio interface measurements, for adjusted-schedule data transmission for at least part of data obtained by the radio interface measurements; determining presence of data for non-adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements; and in the case an amount of the non-adjusted- schedule data transmission data allows, transmitting the adjusted-schedule data transmission data as aggregated with the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0007] In some examples of the first aspect, the data transmission may further comprise information on the data aggregation when the data is aggregated.

[0008] In some examples of the first aspect, the adjusted-schedule data transmission data may comprise data obtained in one measurement data instance associated with a configuration for radio interface measurements with an indication for adjusted-schedule data transmission.

[0009] In some examples of the first aspect, the method may further comprise: using a timer for controlling carrying out operations in association with the configuration.

[0010] In some examples of the first aspect, the configuration may comprise a measurement report configuration and/or an event trigger configuration in relation to measurements carried out in a radio interface.

[0011] In some examples of the first aspect, the method may further comprise: in the case of absence of non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data, storing the adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0012] In some examples of the first aspect, the adjusted-schedule data transmission data and the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data may be transmitted in a same message.

[0013] According to a second aspect of the present disclosure, a terminal device (e.g., a user device or user equipment (UE)) or an apparatus in such a terminal device is provided. The terminal device or apparatus according to the second aspect comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The computer program code causes the terminal device or apparatus, when executed with the at least one processor, to: receive (e.g., by a terminal device) a configuration for radio interface measurements; determine an indication, wherein the indication is associated with the configuration for the radio interface measurements, for adjusted-schedule data transmission for at least part of data obtained by the radio interface measurements; determine presence of data for non-adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements; and, in the case an amount of the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data allows, transmit the adjusted-schedule data transmission data as aggregated with the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0014] In some examples of the second aspect, the data transmission may further comprise information on the data aggregation when the data is aggregated.

[0015] In some examples of the second aspect, the adjusted-schedule data transmission data may comprise data obtained in one measurement data instance associated with a configuration for radio interface measurements with an indication for adjusted-schedule data transmission.

[0016] In some examples of the second aspect, the computer program code may further cause the terminal device or apparatus, when executed with the at least one processor, to: use a timer for controlling carrying out operations in association with the configuration.

[0017] In some examples of the second aspect, the configuration may comprise a measurement report configuration and/or an event trigger configuration in relation to measurements carried out in a radio interface.

[0018] In some examples of the second aspect, the computer program code may further cause the terminal device or apparatus, when executed with the at least one processor, to: in the case of absence of non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data, store the adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0019] In some examples of the second aspect, the adjusted-schedule data transmission data and the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data may be transmitted in a same message.

[0020] According to a third aspect of the present disclosure, a terminal device (e.g., a user device or user equipment (UE)) or an apparatus in such a terminal device is provided. The terminal device or apparatus according to the third aspect comprises: means or modules for receiving (e.g., by a terminal device) a configuration for radio interface measurements (e.g., a receiver or a receiving logic); means for determining an indication, wherein the indication is associated with the configuration for the radio interface measurements, for adjusted-schedule data transmission for at least part of data obtained by the radio interface measurements (e.g., a determining logic or a processor); means for determining presence of data for non-adjusted- schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements (e.g., a determining logic or a processor); and means for transmitting, in the case an amount of the non-adjusted- schedule data transmission data allows, the adjusted-schedule data transmission data as aggregated with the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data (e.g., a transmitter or a transmitting logic). [0021] In some examples of the third aspect, the terminal device or apparatus further comprises means or modules for performing one or more of the examples according to the first aspect.

[0022] According to a fourth aspect of the present disclosure, a terminal device (e.g., a user device or user equipment (UE)) or an apparatus in such a terminal device is provided. The terminal device or apparatus according to the fourth aspect comprises: circuitry to receive a configuration for radio interface measurements; circuitry to determine an indication, wherein the indication is associated with the configuration for the radio interface measurements, for adjusted-schedule data transmission for at least part of data obtained by the radio interface measurements; circuitry to determine presence of data for non-adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements; and circuitry to, in the case an amount of the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data allows, transmit the adjusted- schedule data transmission data as aggregated with the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0023] In some examples of the fourth aspect, the terminal device or apparatus further comprises circuitry to perform one or more of the examples according to the first aspect.

[0024] According to a fifth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a network device of a wireless communication system. The method comprises: sending a configuration for radio interface measurements; receiving data of adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements as aggregated with non- adjusted-schedule data transmission data obtained by the radio interface measurements; and carrying out operations based on the adjusted-schedule data transmission data and/or operations based on the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0025] In some examples of the fifth aspect, the data transmission may further comprise information on the data aggregation when the data is aggregated.

[0026] In some examples of the fifth aspect, the configuration may comprise a measurement report configuration and/or an event trigger configuration in relation to measurements carried out in a radio interface.

[0027] In some examples of the fifth aspect, the adjusted-schedule data transmission data and the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data may be received in a same message.

[0028] According to a sixth aspect of the present disclosure, a network device (e.g., a base station) or an apparatus in such a network device is provided. The network device or apparatus according to the sixth aspect comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The computer program code causes the network device or apparatus, when executed with the at least one processor, to: send a configuration for radio interface measurements; receive data of adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements as aggregated with non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data obtained by the radio interface measurements; and carry out operations based on the adjusted- schedule data transmission data and/or operations based on the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0029] In some examples of the sixth aspect, the data transmission may further comprise information on the data aggregation when the data is aggregated.

[0030] In some examples of the sixth aspect, the configuration may comprise a measurement report configuration and/or an event trigger configuration in relation to measurements carried out in a radio interface.

[0031] In some examples of the sixth aspect, the adjusted-schedule data transmission data and the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data may be received in a same message.

[0032] According to a seventh aspect of the present disclosure, a network device (e.g., a base station) or an apparatus in such a network device is provided. The network device or apparatus according to the seventh aspect comprises: means or modules for sending a configuration for radio interface measurements (e.g., a transmitter or a transmitting logic); means or modules for receiving data of adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements as aggregated with non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data obtained by the radio interface measurements (e.g., a receiver or receiving logic); and means or modules for carrying out operations based on the adjusted-schedule data transmission data and/or operations based on the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data (e.g., an operating logic or a processor).

[0033] In some examples of the seventh aspect, the network device or apparatus further comprises means or modules for performing one or more of the examples according to the fifth aspect.

[0034] According to an eighth aspect of the present disclosure, a network device (e.g., a base station) or an apparatus in such a network device is provided. The network device or apparatus according to the eighth aspect comprises: circuitry to send a configuration for radio interface measurements; circuitry to receive data of adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements as aggregated with non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data obtained by the radio interface measurements; and circuitry to carry out operations based on the adjusted-schedule data transmission data and/or operations based on the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data. [0035] In some examples of the eighth aspect, the network device or apparatus further comprises circuitry to perform one or more of the examples according to the fifth aspect.

[0036] According to a ninth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product comprises program instructions stored on a computer readable medium to execute steps according to any one of the examples of the methods according to the first and fifth aspect as outlined above when said program is executed on a computer.

[0037] According to a tenth aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer- readable medium containing computer-executable instructions which when run on one or more processors perform the steps according to any one of the examples of the methods according to the first and fifth aspect as outline above.

[0038] According to an eleventh aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for aggregating and prioritizing measurement reports. The method may be performed by a terminal device of a wireless communication system. The method comprises: receiving (e.g., by a terminal device) a configuration for radio interface measurements; determining an indication, wherein the indication is associated with the configuration for the radio interface measurements, for adjusted-schedule data transmission for at least part of data obtained by the radio interface measurements; in the case memory capacity is used, transmitting the at least part of the data according to transmission information in the configuration; and in the case the memory capacity is not used, storing the at least part of the data and transmitting the at least part of the data as adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0039] In some examples of the eleventh aspect, the data transmission may further comprise information on the data aggregation.

[0040] In some examples of the eleventh aspect, the adjusted-schedule data transmission data may comprise data obtained in one measurement data instance associated with a configuration for radio interface measurements with an indication for adjusted-schedule data transmission.

[0041] In some examples of the eleventh aspect, the method may further comprise: using a timer for controlling carrying out operations in association with the configuration.

[0042] In some examples of the eleventh aspect, the configuration may comprise a measurement report configuration and/or an event trigger configuration in relation to measurements carried out in a radio interface.

[0043] In some examples of the eleventh aspect, the indication for the adjusted-schedule data transmission may comprise a priority indication of a secondary priority. [0044] In some examples of the eleventh aspect, the adjusted-schedule data transmission data may be transmitted in response to lapse of a timer.

[0045] According to a twelfth aspect of the present disclosure, a terminal device (e.g., a user device or user equipment (UE)) or an apparatus in such a terminal device is provided. The terminal device or apparatus according to the twelfth aspect comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The computer program code causes the terminal device or apparatus, when executed with the at least one processor, to: receive (e.g., by a terminal device) a configuration for radio interface measurements; determining an indication, wherein the indication is associated with the configuration for the radio interface measurements, for adjusted-schedule data transmission for at least part of data obtained by the radio interface measurements; in the case memory capacity is used, transmit the at least part of the data according to transmission information in the configuration; and in the case the memory capacity is not used, store the at least part of the data and transmit the at least part of the data as adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0046] In some examples of the twelfth aspect, the data transmission may further comprise information on the data aggregation.

[0047] In some examples of the twelfth aspect, the adjusted-schedule data transmission data may comprise data obtained in one measurement data instance associated with a configuration for radio interface measurements with an indication for adjusted-schedule data transmission.

[0048] In some examples of the twelfth aspect, the computer program code may further cause the terminal device or apparatus, when executed with the at least one processor, to: using a timer for controlling carrying out operations in association with the configuration.

[0049] In some examples of the twelfth aspect, the configuration may comprise a measurement report configuration and/or an event trigger configuration in relation to measurements carried out in a radio interface.

[0050] In some examples of the twelfth aspect, the indication for the adjusted-schedule data transmission may comprise a priority indication of a secondary priority.

[0051] In some examples of the twelfth aspect, the adjusted-schedule data transmission data may be transmitted in response to lapse of a timer.

[0052] According to a thirteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a terminal device (e.g., a user device or user equipment (UE)) or an apparatus in such a terminal device is provided. The terminal device or apparatus according to the thirteenth aspect comprises: means or modules for receiving (e.g., by a terminal device) a configuration for radio interface measurements (e.g., a receiver or receiving logic); determining an indication, wherein the indication is associated with the configuration for the radio interface measurements, for adjusted-schedule data transmission for at least part of data obtained by the radio interface measurements (e.g., a determining logic or a processor); means or modules for, in the case memory capacity is used, transmitting the at least part of the data according to transmission information in the configuration (e.g., a transmitter or transmitting logic); and means or modules for, in the case the memory capacity is not used, storing the at least part of the data (e.g., a storing logic) and transmitting the at least part of the data as adjusted-schedule data transmission data (e.g., the transmitter or transmitting logic).

[0053] In some examples of the thirteenth aspect, the terminal device or apparatus further comprises means or modules for performing one or more of the examples according to the eleventh aspect.

[0054] According to a fourteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a terminal device (e.g., a user device or user equipment (UE)) or an apparatus in such a terminal device is provided. The terminal device or apparatus according to the fourteenth aspect comprises: circuitry to receive a configuration for radio interface measurements; circuitry to determine an indication, wherein the indication is associated with the configuration for the radio interface measurements, for adjusted-schedule data transmission for at least part of data obtained by the radio interface measurements; circuitry to, in the case memory capacity is used, transmit the at least part of the data according to transmission information in the configuration; and circuitry to, in the case the memory capacity is not used, store the at least part of the data and transmit the at least part of the data as adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0055] In some examples of the fourteenth aspect, the terminal device or apparatus further comprises means or modules for performing one or more of the examples according to the eleventh aspect.

[0056] According to a fifteenth aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a network device of a wireless communication system. The method comprises: sending a configuration for radio interface measurements; receiving data of adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements; and carrying out operations based on the adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0057] According to a sixteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a network device (e.g., a base station) or an apparatus in such a network device is provided. The network device or apparatus according to the sixteenth aspect comprises at least one processor and at least one memory including computer program code. The computer program code causes the network device or apparatus, when executed with the at least one processor, to: send a configuration for radio interface measurements; receive data of adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements; and carry out operations based on the adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0058] According to a seventeenth aspect of the present disclosure, a network device (e.g., a base station) or an apparatus in such a network device is provided. The network device or apparatus according to the seventeenth aspect comprises: means or modules for sending a configuration for radio interface measurements (e.g., a transmitter or a transmitting logic); means or modules for receiving data of adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements (e.g., a receiver or a receiving logic); and carrying out operations based on the adjusted-schedule data transmission data (e.g., an operating logic or a processor). [0059] According to an eighteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a network device (e.g., a base station) or an apparatus in such a network device is provided. The network device or apparatus according to the eighteenth aspect comprises: circuitry to send a configuration for radio interface measurements; receive data of adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements; and carry out operations based on the adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0060] According to a nineteenth aspect of the present disclosure, a computer program product comprises program instructions stored on a computer readable medium to execute steps according to any one of the examples of the methods according to the eleventh and fifteenth aspect as outlined above when said program is executed on a computer.

[0061] According to a twentieth aspect of the present disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable medium containing computer-executable instructions which when run on one or more processors perform the steps according to any one of the examples of the methods according to the eleventh and fifteenth aspect as outline above.

[0062] According to a twenty-first aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method for aggregating and prioritizing measurement reports. The method may be performed by a terminal device of a wireless communication system. The method comprises: receiving a configuration for radio interface measurements; determining an indication, wherein the indication is associated with the configuration for the radio interface measurements, for adjusted-schedule data transmission for at least part of data obtained by the radio interface measurements; determining presence of data for non-adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements; in the case an amount of the non-adjusted- schedule data transmission data allows, transmitting the adjusted-schedule data transmission data as aggregated with the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data; in the case memory capacity is used, transmitting the at least part of the data according to transmission information in the configuration; and in the case the memory capacity is not used, storing the at least part of the data and transmitting the at least part of the data as adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0063] According to a twenty-second aspect of the present disclosure, there is provided a method performed by a network device of a wireless communication system. The method comprises: sending a configuration for radio interface measurements; receiving data of adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements as aggregated with non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data obtained by the radio interface measurements; receiving data of adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements; and carrying out operations based on the adjusted-schedule data transmission data and/or operations based on the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data. [0064] The above-noted aspects and features may be implemented in systems, apparatuses, methods, articles and/or non-transitory computer-readable media depending on the desired configuration. The present disclosure may be implemented in and/or used with a number of different types of devices, including but not limited to cellular phones, tablet computers, wearable computing devices, portable media players, and any of various other computing devices.

[0065] This summary is intended to provide a brief overview of some of the aspects and features according to the present disclosure. Accordingly, it will be appreciated that the abovedescribed features are merely examples and should not be construed to narrow the scope of the present disclosure in any way. Other features, aspects, and advantages of the present disclosure will become apparent from the following detailed description, drawings, and claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0066] A better understanding of the present disclosure can be obtained when the following detailed description of various embodiments is considered in conjunction with the following drawings, in which:

[0067] FIGURE 1 is a schematic diagram of an example of a (mobile/wireless) communication system or network according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0068] FIGURE 2 is a schematic diagram of an example wireless device or entity according to embodiments of the present disclosure; [0069] FIGURE 3 is a schematic diagram of an example network device or entity according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0070] FIGURE 4 is to illustrate examples of mechanisms for aggregating and prioritizing measurement reports according to aspects of the present disclosure;

[0071] FIGURE 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method or process for aggregating and prioritizing measurement reports according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0072] FIGURE 6 shows a message sequence diagram of a method or process for aggregating and prioritizing measurement reports according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0073] FIGURE 7 illustrates a flowchart of another method or process for aggregating and prioritizing measurement reports according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0074] FIGURE 8 shows a message sequence diagram of another method or process for aggregating and prioritizing measurement reports according to embodiments of the present disclosure;

[0075] FIGURE 9 is a flowchart of a method or process for aggregating and prioritizing measurement reports according to embodiments of the present disclosure, comprising aspects of the methods or processes shown in FIGURES 5 to 8; and

[0076] FIGURES 10A and 10B illustrate schematic block diagrams showing structures of apparatuses according to some embodiments of the present disclosure.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0077] The examples and embodiments set forth below represent information to enable those skilled in the art to practice the present disclosure. Upon reading the following description in light of the accompanying drawing figures, those skilled in the art will understand the concepts of the description and will recognize applications of these concepts not particularly addressed herein. These concepts and applications fall within the scope of the description.

[0078] In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth. However, it is understood that embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known circuits, structures, and techniques have not been shown in detail in order not to obscure the understanding of the description. Those of ordinary skill in the art, with the included description, will be able to implement appropriate functionality without undue experimentation.

[0079] References in the specification to "one embodiment," "an embodiment," "an example embodiment," etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. When a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to implement such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.

[0080] It is to be noted that the detailed description, at times, refers to one or more specifications being used as non-limiting and illustrative examples for certain architectures, network configurations and system deployments. More specifically, the detailed description refers to 3GPP standards, being used as non-limiting and illustrative examples. As such, the various embodiments provided herein can specifically employ terminology which is directly related thereto. Such terminology is only used in the context of the non-limiting and illustrative examples and is not intended to limit the various embodiments in any way. Rather, any other system configuration or deployment may be utilized while complying with what is described herein and/or various embodiments are applicable to it.

[0081] For example, various embodiments are applicable in any (e.g., mobile/wireless) communication system, such as a 5G/NR system and a next-generation system beyond 5G. For example, various embodiments are applicable in a 3 GPP-standardized mobile/wireless communication system of Release 19 onwards. Various embodiments of the disclosure may be applicable for aspects of AI/ML for the Air Interface in Release 19 onwards. In this respect, data collection, e.g. using measurements of the 3 GPP-standardized mobile/wireless communication system, is a feature that is has importance for aspects of AI/ML, particularly in creating AI/ML models. Various embodiments may have relevance for aspects of the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol implementation.

[0082] Hereinafter, various embodiments are described using several variants and/or alternatives. It is generally to be noted that, according to certain implementations or constraints, all the described variants and/or alternatives may be provided alone or in any conceivable combination (e.g., also including combinations of individual features of these various variants and/or alternatives).

[0083] The words "comprising" and "including" do not limit the embodiments to consist of only those features that have been mentioned, and embodiments may also contain, among other things, e.g., features, structures, units, modules, or the like, that have not been specifically mentioned. [0084] The wording "at least one of the following: <a list of two or more elements>", "at least one of <a list of two or more elements>", or the like such as "one or more of, where the list of two or more elements are joined by "and" or "or", mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.

[0085] According to various embodiments, any operations of sending or receiving may comprise actual transmission or communication operations, i.e., transmitting or communicating associated messages or signals, but may additionally or alternatively comprise related processing operations, i.e., preparing/generating/issuing associated messages or signals before sending and/or obtaining/handling/processing of associated messages or signals after receiving. For example, sending a message at/by an entity may comprise generating/issuing and/or transmitting/communicating thereof or a corresponding signal in/at/by the entity, and receiving a message at/by an entity may comprise obtaining/handling and/or processing thereof or a corresponding signal in/at/by the entity. A message may refer to and/or encompass any kind of corresponding information, signal, or the like.

[0086] In the drawings, it is to be noted that lines/arrows interconnecting individual blocks or entities are generally meant to illustrate an operational coupling there-b etween, which may be a physical and/or logical coupling, which on the one hand is implementation-independent (e.g., wired, or wireless) and on the other hand may also comprise an arbitrary number of intermediary functional blocks or entities not shown. In flowcharts or sequence diagrams, the illustrated order of operations or actions is generally non-limiting and illustrative, and any other order of respective operations or actions is conceivable, if feasible.

[0087] Before explaining various embodiments in detail, certain examples of a (mobile/wireless) communication system or network are briefly explained with reference to FIGURES 1 to 3 to assist in understanding the technology underlying the described embodiments.

[0088] FIGURE 1 illustrates an example of a (mobile/wireless) communication system or network 100 according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The embodiment of the communication system or network 100 shown in FIGURE 1 is for illustration only. Other embodiments of the communication system or network 100 could be used without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.

[0089] As shown in FIGURE 1, the communication system or network 100 includes wireless devices or entities, such as UEs 110 (three exemplary UEs 110A-110C are illustrated in FIGURE 1), and network devices or entities, such as radio access devices 120 (two exemplary radio access devices 120A-120B are illustrated in FIGURE 1) connected to one or more network devices or entities 130 via an interconnecting network 125, such as the Internet, a proprietary Internet Protocol (IP) network, or other data network. UEs 110 within coverage area 115 may each be capable of communicating directly with radio access devices 120 over a wireless interface. The radio access devices 120 may also be referred to as eNBs, gNBs, etc. and communication with each other via the interconnecting network 125.

[0090] As an example, UE 110A may communicate with radio access device 120 A over a wireless interface. That is, UE 110A may transmit wireless signals to and/or receive wireless signals from the radio access device 120A. The wireless signals may contain voice traffic, data traffic, control signals, and/or any other suitable information.

[0091] The term "user equipment" (UE) has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning and may refer to any type of wireless device or entity which can communicate with a network device or entity and/or with another UE in a cellular or mobile or wireless/mobile communication system. Depending on the network type, examples of UE are target device, D2D UE, machine type UE or UE capable of machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, personal digital assistant, tablet, mobile terminal, smartphone, laptop embedded equipped (LEE), laptop mounted equipment (LME), USB dongles, ProSe UE, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) UE, V2X UE, MTC UE, eMTC UE, FeMTC UE, UE Cat 0, UE Cat Ml, narrow band loT (NB-IoT) UE, UE Cat NBl, etc.

[0092] As described in more detail below, one or more of the UEs 110 include circuitry, programing, or a combination thereof, for efficient network management in advanced wireless communication system. Embodiments of a UE are described in more detail below with respect to FIGURE 2.

[0093] In some embodiments, an area of wireless signal coverage 115 associated with a radio access device 120 may be referred to as a cell. However, particularly with respect to the 5G/NR mobile communication concepts, beams may be used instead of cells and, as such, it is important to note that concepts described herein are equally applicable to both cells and beams. [0094] With respect to a beam-based mobile communication system, the radio access device 120 (base station) may transmit a beamformed signal to the UE 110 in one or more transmit directions (transmission beam, Tx beam). The UE 110 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 120 in one or more receive directions (reception beam, Rx beam). The UE 110 may also transmit a beamformed signal to the base station 120 in one or more directions and the base station 120 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 110 in one or more directions. The base station 120 and the UE 110 may determine the best receive and transmit directions, e.g., best in the sense of these directions leading to the highest link quality or fulfilling other quality conditions in the most suitable manner, for each of the base station/UE pairs.

[0095] The interconnecting network 125 may refer to any interconnecting system capable of transmitting audio, video, signals, data, messages, etc., or any combination of the preceding. The interconnecting network 125 may include all or a portion of a public switched telephone network (PSTN), a public or private data network, a local area network (LAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a wide area network (WAN), a local, regional, or global communication or computer network such as the Internet, a wireline or wireless network, an enterprise intranet, or any other suitable communication link, including combinations thereof.

[0096] In some embodiments, the network device 130 may be a core network device, managing the establishment of communication sessions and other various other functionalities for UEs 110. Examples of network device 130 may include mobile switching center (MSC), MME, serving gateway (SGW), packet data network gateway (PGW), operation and maintenance (O&M), operations support system (OSS), SON, positioning device (e.g., Enhanced Serving Mobile Location Center, E-SMLC), location server device, etc. UEs 110 may exchange certain signals with the network device 130 using the non-access stratum (NAS) layer. In non-access stratum signaling, signals between UEs 110 and the network device 130 may be transparently passed through the radio access network. In some embodiments, radio access devices 120 may interface with one or more network devices 130 over an interdevice interface.

[0097] As used herein, the term "network device or entity" has the full breadth of its ordinary meaning and may correspond to any type of radio access device (or radio network device) or any network device such as a base station (BS), which provide wireless access to a cellular or mobile or wireless communication system and can communicate with a UE and/or with another network device in the cellular or mobile or wireless communication system. Depending on the network type, examples of base stations (BSs) are transmit point (TP), transmit-receive point (TRP), an enhanced base station (eNodeB or eNB), a 5G base station (gNB), a macrocell, a femtocell, a WiFi access point (AP), or other wirelessly enabled devices. Base stations may provide wireless access in accordance with one or more wireless communication protocols, e.g., 5G 3GPP new radio interface/access (NR), long term evolution (LTE), LTE advanced (LTE-A), high speed packet access (HSPA), Wi-Fi 802.1 la/b/g/n/ac, etc. [0098] As described in more detail below, one or more of the network devices such as the radio access devices 120 includes circuitry, programing, or a combination thereof, for efficient network management in an advanced wireless communication system. Embodiments of a network device are described in more detail below with respect to FIGURE 3.

[0099] In some embodiments, radio access device 120 may be a distributed radio access device. The components of the radio access device 120, and their associated functions, may be separated into two main units (or sub-radio network devices) which may be referred to as the central unit (CU) and the distributed unit (DU). A CU may be connected to one or more DUs. Different distributed radio network device architectures are possible. For instance, in some architectures, a DU may be connected to a CU via dedicated wired or wireless link (e.g., an optical fiber cable) while in other architectures, a DU may be connected a CU via a transport network. Also, how the various functions of the radio access device 120 are separated between the CU(s) and DU(s) may vary depending on the chosen architecture.

[0100] Exemplary wireless communication systems are architectures standardized by the 3GPP. A latest 3GPP based development is often referred to as the long-term evolution (LTE) of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) radio-access technology (RAT). The various development stages of the 3GPP specifications are referred to as releases. More recent developments of the LTE are often referred to as LTE Advanced (LTE-A). The LTE (LTE- A) employs a radio mobile architecture known as the Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN) and a core network known as the Evolved Packet Core (EPC). Base stations of such systems are known as evolved or enhanced Node Bs (eNBs) and provide E-UTRAN features such as user plane Packet Data Convergence/Radio Link Control/Medium Access Control/Physical layer protocol (PDCP/RLC/MAC/PHY) and control plane Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol terminations towards the communication devices. Other RAT examples comprise those provided by base stations of systems that are based on technologies such as WLAN and/or Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax). A base station can provide coverage for an entire cell or similar radio service area. Core network elements include Mobility Management Entity (MME), Serving Gateway (S- GW) and Packet Gateway (P-GW).

[0101] An example of a suitable communications system is the 5G or NR concept. Network architecture in NR may use one or more concepts of the LTE-A network architecture. Base stations of NR systems may be known as next generation Node Bs (gNBs). Changes to the network architecture may depend on the need to support various radio technologies and finer Quality of Service (QoS) support, and some on-demand requirements for QoS levels to support Quality of Experience (QoE) of user point of view. Also network aware services and applications, and service and application aware networks may bring changes to the architecture. Those are related to Information Centric Network (ICN) and User-Centric Content Delivery Network (UC-CDN) approaches. NR may use multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) antennas, many more base stations or devices than the LTE (a so-called small cell concept), including macro sites operating in co-operation with smaller stations and perhaps also employing a variety of radio technologies for better coverage and enhanced data rates.

[0102] Future networks may utilize network functions virtualization (NFV) which is a network architecture concept that proposes virtualizing network device functions into "building blocks" or entities that may be operationally connected or linked together to provide services. A virtualized network function (VNF) may comprise one or more virtual machines running instructions using standard or general type servers instead of customized hardware. Cloud computing or data storage may also be utilized. In radio communications this may mean device operations to be carried out, at least partly, in a server, host or device operationally coupled to a remote radio head. It is also possible that device operations will be distributed among a plurality of servers, devices, or hosts. It should also be understood that the distribution of labor between core network operations and base station operations may differ from that of the LTE or even be non-existent.

[0103] An example 5G core network (CN) comprises functional entities. The CN is connected to a UE via the radio access network (RAN). An UPF (User Plane Function) whose role is called PSA (PDU Session Anchor) may be responsible for forwarding frames back and forth between the DN (data network) and the tunnels established over the 5G towards the UEs exchanging traffic with the data network (DN). The UPF is controlled by an SMF (Session Management Function) that receives policies from a PCF (Policy Control Function). The CN may also include an AMF (Access & Mobility Function).

[0104] Generally, all concepts disclosed herein may be applicable to different communication networks, comprising but not limited to LTE, LTE-A, 5G, 5G advanced, 6G, and other future or already implemented networks.

[0105] FIGURE 2 is a schematic diagram of an example wireless device (e.g., UE 110 shown in FIGURE 1) according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0106] UE 110 may include one or more of at least one transceiver 210, at least one processor 220, at least one memory 230, and at least one network interface 240. In certain embodiments, the transceiver 210 facilitates transmitting wireless signals to and receiving wireless signals from radio access device 120 (e.g., via transmitted s) (Tx), receiver(s) (Rx) and antenna(s)). The processor 220 executes instructions to provide some or all of the functionalities described herein as being provided by a wireless device/entity or UE, and the memory 230 stores the instructions executed by the processor 220. In some embodiments, the processor 220 and the memory 230 form processing circuitry.

[0107] The processor 220 may include any suitable combination of hardware to execute instructions and manipulate data to perform some or all the described functions of a wireless device or entity, such as the functions of UE 110 described herein. In some embodiments, the processor 220 may include, for example, one or more computers, one or more central processing units (CPUs), one or more microprocessors, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and/or other logic.

[0108] The memory 230 is generally operable to store instructions, such as a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, algorithms, code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed by a processor 220. Examples of memory 230 include computer memory (for example, Random Access Memory (RAM) or Read Only Memory (ROM)), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or or any other volatile or non-volatile, non- transitory computer-readable and/or computer-executable memory devices that store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used by the processor 220 of UE 110. For example, the memory 230 includes instructions causing the processor 220 to perform processing according to any corresponding methods described herein. [0109] The network interface 240 is communicatively coupled to the processor 220 and may refer to any suitable device operable to receive input for UE 110, send output from UE 110, perform suitable processing of the input or output or both, communicate to other devices, or any combination thereof. The network interface 240 may include appropriate hardware (e.g., port, modem, network interface card, etc.) and software, including protocol conversion and data processing capabilities, to communicate through a network.

[0110] Other embodiments of UE 110 may include additional components beyond those shown in FIGURE 2 that may be responsible for providing certain aspects of the wireless device’s functionalities, including any of the functionalities described herein and/or any additional functionalities (including any functionality necessary to support the mechanisms according to the present disclosure). As an example, UE 110 may include input devices and circuits, output devices, and one or more synchronization units or circuits, which may be part of the processor 220. Input devices include mechanisms for entry of data into UE 110. For example, input devices may include input mechanisms, such as a microphone, input elements, a display, etc. Output devices may include mechanisms for outputting data in audio, video and/or hard copy format. For example, output devices may include a speaker, a display, etc. [OHl] In certain embodiments, the wireless device UE 110 may comprise a series of modules configured to implement the functionalities of the wireless device described herein.

[0112] It will be appreciated that the various modules may be implemented as combination of hardware and software, for instance, the processor, memory, and transceiver(s) of UE 110 shown in FIGURE 2. Certain embodiments may also include additional modules to support additional and/or optional functionalities.

[0113] FIGURE 3 is a schematic diagram of an example radio access device 120 or network device or entity 130 according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0114] Radio access device 120 or network device or entity 130 may include one or more of at least one transceiver 310, at least one processor 320, at least one memory 330, and at least one network interface 340. In certain embodiments, the transceiver 310 facilitates transmitting wireless signals to and receiving wireless signals from wireless devices, such as UE 110 (e.g., via transmitter(s) (Tx), receiver(s) (Rx), and antenna(s)). The processor 320 executes instructions to provide some or all the functionalities described herein as being provided by the radio access device 120 or the network device or entity 130, the memory 330 stores the instructions executed by the processor 320. In some embodiments, the processor 320 and the memory 330 form processing circuitry. The network interface 340 can communicate signals to backend network components, such as a gateway, switch, router, Internet, Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), core network devices or radio network controllers, etc.

[0115] The processor 320 can include any suitable combination of hardware to execute instructions and manipulate data to perform some or all the described functions of the radio access device 120 or the network device or entity 130, such as those described herein. In some embodiments, the processor 320 may include, for example, one or more computers, one or more central processing units (CPUs), one or more microprocessors, one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) and/or other logic.

[0116] The memory 330 is generally operable to store instructions, such as a computer program, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, algorithms, code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed by a processor 320. Examples of memory 330 include computer memory (for example, Random Access Memory (RAM) or Read Only Memory (ROM)), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removable storage media (for example, a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or or any other volatile or non-volatile, non- transitory computer-readable and/or computer-executable memory devices that store information. For example, the memory 330 includes instructions causing the processor 320 to perform processing according to any corresponding methods described herein.

[0117] In certain embodiments, the network interface 340 is communicatively coupled to the processor 320 and may refer to any suitable device operable to receive input for the radio access device 120 or the network device or entity 130, send output from the radio access device 120 or the network device or entity 130, perform suitable processing of the input or output or both, communicate to other devices, or any combination of the preceding. The network interface 340 may include appropriate hardware (e.g., port, modem, network interface card, etc.) and software, including protocol conversion and data processing capabilities, to communicate through a network.

[0118] Other embodiments of the radio access device 120 or the network device or entity 130 can include additional components beyond those shown in FIGURE 3 that may be responsible for providing certain aspects of the device’s functionalities, including any of the functionalities described herein and/or any additional functionalities (including any functionality necessary to support the solutions described herein). The various different types of radio access devices or network devices may include components having the same physical hardware but configured (e.g., via programming) to support different radio access technologies, or may represent partly or entirely different physical components.

[0119] Processors, interfaces, and memory as described with reference to FIGURE 3 may be included in other devices or entities (such as UE 110, radio access device 120, etc.). Other devices or entities may optionally include or not include a wireless interface (such as the transceiver described in FIGURE 3).

[0120] In certain embodiments, the radio access device 120 or the network device or entity 130 may comprise a series of modules configured to implement the functionalities of the radio access device 120 or the network device or entity 130 described herein.

[0121] It will be appreciated that the various modules may be implemented as combination of hardware and software, for instance, the processor, memory, and transceiver s) of the radio access device 120 or the network device or entity 130 shown in FIGURE 3. Certain embodiments may also include additional modules to support additional and/or optional functionalities.

[0122] Before referring to FIGURES 5 to 9 and describing the methods for aggregation and prioritization of measurement reports according to embodiments of the present disclosure, some background information and aspects related to the present disclosure will be provided. [0123] Aspects of AI/ML for the Air Interface concern providing a framework (e.g., a legacy framework) for AI/ML use cases. In such a framework, layer 1 (LI) measurement reports, radio resource control (RRC) measurement reports or LTE Positioning Protocol (LPP) location information may be used to transfer measurements made by the user equipment (UE) to the network. Although RRC measurement reports as a candidate for applying aspects of the present disclosure are discussed hereinbelow, the present disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0124] According to some aspects, RRC measurement reports may be configured by the base station (e.g., gNodeB in 5G) to enable mobility of the UE, as one example, by measuring power and quality of reference signals (RS) transmitted in a pattern over frequency and time in the resource grid. The base station may first configure the UE with the RS patterns and then with a report configuration that is either periodical or event based. An example of periodical is to have the UE send one or more measurements every 100 ms. An example of event based is to have the UE send a measurement report anytime the UE detected a cell with a RS power greater than or equal to 5 dB higher than that of the serving cell.

[0125] During normal course of network operation, there may be times when the number of measurements taken per UE is low, for example, when the UE is stationary or moving slowly, during which the transmission of measurement reports for training of AI/ML models does not have a significant impact on network performance.

[0126] Multiple measurements, but from a single instance (e.g., a single UE) in time may be sent in a measurement report. For example, one or more measurements from the serving cell and the neighbor cells may be transmitted in the same measurement report.

[0127] Hereinbelow, aspects of the structure for reporting measurement results will be described.

[0128] In some examples, the structure may include one or more (nested) structures. The structure of the measurement report may , among others, include a keyword MeasurementReport and a reference to measurement report IES (Q.^., MeasiiremenlReporl-Ies '.

Structure of the MeasurementReport. [0129] In some examples, the structure of the measurement report les may, among others, include the ^ywovA easuremenlReporl-Ies and measurement results ( .g, MeasResults). The information MeasurementReport-Ies may be wrapped inside of MeasurementReport.

Structure of the MeasurementReport-Ies.

[0130] In some examples, the structure of the measurement results may, among other, include or refer to serving cell measurements and/or a list of neighbor cell measurements:

Structure of the MeasResults.

[0131] Although the present disclosure is not limited thereto, the structure as shown above comprises lists of measurements results (measResultServingMOList and measResultListNR). The measurement results within MeasResults are related to event-triggered or periodical measurements that occurred during one measurement instance. According to examples of the present disclosure, measurements from multiple time instances and/or measurement configurations may be aggregated. [0132] The framework for reporting measurement results may include features related to AI/ML data collection. For example, the measurement results may include, if configured, a timestamp (gnss-TOD-msec) and the UE’s position (locationCoordinate). The structure of the MeasResults may therefore include a location information (Locationinfo) including, among others, the timestamp and the UE’s position.

[0133] In some examples, the structure of the location information may include one or more of common location information (CommonLocationlnfo) and specific location information (bt-Locationlnfo, w lan-I.ocalionhifo. sensor-Locationlnfo)'.

Structure of the Locationinfo.

[0134] In some examples, the structure of the common location information may include, among others, one or more information related to or defined in the LTE Positioning Protocol specification such as gnss-TOD-msec-r!6 and locationCoordinate-rl6'.

Structure of the CommonLocationlnfo.

[0135] In some wireless communication systems, measurement reports are required to arrive at the base station with low latency so that the base station has required information to hand a UE over to a neighbor cell and to maintain high performance. Aspects of the present disclosure take account of such requirements.

[0136] On the other hand, AI/ML may require the collection of a large number of measurements from UEs. Using the RRC measurement reports for collecting data for training AI/ML models may place a burden on normal network operation for which measurement reporting requires to arrive with low latency. Since AI/ML training may be considered to have no strict time requirements on the reporting, mechanisms are required that do not disrupt normal network operation.

[0137] Referring to FIGURE 4, some examples of mechanisms for aggregating and prioritizing measurement reports according to aspects of the present disclosure will be described. In particular, the examples enable aggregation and buffering of non-priority measurements.

[0138] The terms " aggregation" and "aggregating" describe that a plurality of measurements is reported or transmitted in a collective manner. For example, the plurality of measurements may be reported or transmitted in a message collectively. The plurality of measurements may, for example, be transmitted from a UE to the network (e.g., a base station) in a single message. That is, the single message may include the plurality of measurement results. The measurements to be reported or transmitted in the collective manner may comprise measurements having the same priority or measurements having different priorities. For example, one or more non-priority measurements may be reported or transmitted in the collective manner. In addition, together with the one or more non-priority measurements, one or more priority measurements may be reported or transmitted.

[0139] The terms such as "non-priority," "low-priority" and "adjusted-schedule" are used interchangeably and may relate to non-time-critical operations not associated with a strict time requirement. For example, in view of measurement reporting, non-priority or low-priority may relate to measurements that can be reported with latency (e.g., delayed). In other words, the schedule for transmission of such non-priority or low-priority measurements may be allowed to be adjusted. The reporting of such measurements is therefore referred to herein as adjusted- schedule data transmission, i.e., the schedule of data transmission with which to report the measurements or measurement results (i.e., data obtained by the measurements) are allowed to be adjusted. In particular, such data transmission may be allowed to be delayed, at least to a certain extent. Examples of non-priority measurements (i.e., measurements not related to time- critical network operations) include offline training of ML models related measurements. [0140] On the other hand, the terms such as "priority," "high-priority" and "non-adjusted- schedule" are used interchangeably and may relate to time-critical operations associated with a strict time requirement. For example, in view of measurement reporting, priority or high- priority may relate to measurements that are to be reported with low latency. In other words, the schedule for transmission of such priority or priority measurements may be not allowed to be adjusted. The reporting of such measurements is therefore referred to herein as non-adjusted- schedule data transmission, i.e., the schedule of data transmission with which to report the measurements or measurement results (i.e., data obtained by the measurements) are not allowed to be adjusted. That is, such data transmission may be not allowed to be delayed. Examples of priority measurements (i.e., measurements related to time-critical network operations) include RRM-related measurements, mobility and handover related measurements, and real-time ML operation and inference related measurement.

[0141] Turning to FIGURE 4, a plurality of measurements 410-1 to 410-7 are taken by a device (e.g., UE) of a wireless communication system over time (vertical arrow labeled t). In the example of FIGURE 4, seven measurements (numbered 1 to 7) are shown but the present disclosure is not limited thereto. These measurements are taken based on a configuration by the network. These measurements may be determined, e.g., based on the configuration by the network (e.g., an indication or flag associated with the configuration) to be prioritized or not. In other words, the measurements are determined to be either priority or non-priority measurements. FIGURE 4 shows that the measurement 410-1 and 410-4 are determined to be priority measurements and that the measurements 410-2, 410-3, 410-5 to 410-7 are determined to be non-priority measurements. In some examples, the priority measurements may relate to legacy 5G measurement reports used for RRM purpose, while the non-priority measurement may relate to measurements that may be taken or used for offline ML model training.

[0142] As shown in FIGURE 4, a priority measurement such as the priority measurement 410-1 triggers sending a measurement report 420-1 including data (i.e., a result) of the priority measurement 410-1 to the network (e.g., a gNodeB). In the example of FIGURE 4, priority measurements are always sent once corresponding requirements for transmission are met, e.g., the time to trigger has expired. The schedule for transmission of such priority measurements is however not adjusted (i.e., not delayed). In some examples, the measurement report 420-1 to be transmitted to the network may include an indication to indicate priority or non-priority of the results included therein. The measurement report 420-1 to be transmitted may also include an identifier associated with the configuration used when taking the measurement and/or the indication based on which the measurement is determined to be prioritized or not. The identifier may be assigned by the network and provided to the terminal device with the configuration.

[0143] The network may determine whether a result included in the measurement report is a result of a priority measurement and/or a result of a non-priority measurement. Based on the result of the determination, the network may make a mobility decision (operation 430-1), for example. That is, the network may decide whether the result is related to a time-critical network operation or not (e.g., whether the result is related to mobility of the UE). In some examples, the determination may be made based on the identifier (e.g., measld) transmitted in the measurement report or based on an (explicit) indication. The identifier or indication may be received by the network prior to accepting a measurement into the operation 430-1 to make a mobility decision. In response to determining a result of a priority measurement, the network may perform a time-critical network operation (e.g., a mobility decision) based on the result.

[0144] A non-priority measurement such as the non-priority measurements 410-2, 410-3, 410-5 and 410-6 does not trigger sending a measurement report but is stored in a memory (e.g., buffer), at least if there is no priority measurement present that triggered sending a measurement report. The schedule for transmission of such non-priority measurements can be adjusted (e.g., delayed).

[0145] The priority measurement 410-4 also triggers sending a measurement report 420-2 including data (i.e., a result) of the priority measurement 410-2 to the network. Before sending the measurement report 420-2, the UE determines whether, in the measurement report 420-2, more than the result of the priority measurement 410-2 can be transmitted. If so, one or more results of non-priority measurements such as the results of non-priority measurements 410-2 and 410-3, stored in the memory, may be included in the measurement report 420-2 and sent together to the network. In other words, one or more results of non-priority measurements may be sent as part of an aggregate measurement report (e.g., measurement report 420-2) also including at least one priority measurement. In some examples, the measurement report 420-2 may include at least one indication or at least one identifier to indicate priority or non-priority of the results included therein.

[0146] The network may determine whether a result included in the measurement report is a result of a priority measurement and/or a result of a non-priority measurement (operation 430- 2). Here, the network determines that the measurement report is the aggregate measurement report including the result of the priority measurement and results of non-priority measurements. In some examples, the determination 430-2 may be made based on the at least one indication or the at least one identifier. In response to determining a result of a priority measurement, the network may perform a time-critical network operation based on the result. The results of the non-priority measurements determined in the determination 430-2 may be used in performing non-time-critical network operations such as offline ML model training. In some examples, since non-time-critical network operations may be performed offline or any time during operation, the network may store the results of the non-priority measurements for later use.

[0147] In response to determining that a measurement taken is a non-priority measurement, the UE may determine whether the memory to which the non-priority measurement is to be stored or has been stored is full. In the example shown in FIGURE 4, the UE determines that the memory is not full for non-priority measurements 410-2, 410-3, 410-5 and 410-6. However, for non-priority measurement 410-7, the UE determines that the memory is full 440. In this case, the UE triggers sending at least one measurement report 420-3 including one or more of the non-priority measurements stored in the memory. As shown in FIGURE 4, the measurement report 420-3 includes results of non-priority measurements 410-5 to 410-7. That is, the UE transmits a (standalone) measurement report including at least one non-priority measurement in a case the memory for storing non-priority measurements is full. The measurement report 420-3 may include an indication or an identifier to indicate non-priority of the results included therein.

[0148] The network receiving measurement report 420-3 may determine, e.g., based on the indication or the identifier, that the measurement report includes results of non-priority measurements and use these results in performing the non-time-critical network operations.

[0149] In some examples, the UE may also trigger sending at least one measurement report including one or more of the non-priority measurements stored in the memory if a timer elapsed. [0150] In some examples, the base station (gNodeB) may forward the received results of measurement reports to a data collector of the network. The data collector may reorder the results of the measurements in the order the measurements were taken by the UE. As shown in FIGURE 4, the order the measurements are received at the base station does not correspond to the order the measurements were taken, requiring the measurements to be reordered by the data collector.

[0151] According to an example of the present disclosure, an indication or a flag may indicate the priority or non-priority of a measurement report configuration. This allows to provide non-priority measurements configured to collect low priority ML training data, including ML training data collected for offline training. In some cases, ML training data collected for online or real-time training may be considered priority measurements. [0152] According to an example of the present disclosure, a buffering mechanism may stores non-priority measurements, e.g., ML training data collected for offline training, until an opportunity arises for transmission (e.g., alongside a priority measurement report) or until transmission is triggered within the UE (e.g., when the buffer is determined to be full). By buffering and aggregating measurements into measurement reports, the total number of messages (e.g., RRC messages) used to transport measurement reports (e.g., RRC measurement reports) can be reduced. The flag inside each measurement may indicate to the network whether the measurement is to be processed with priority. That is, the network is freed from processing low-priority measurements such as measurements collected for training AI/ML models and can first process high-priority measurements such as measurements made for mobility decisions. Additionally, if the UE is configured to transmit only one priority measurement per aggregate measurement report, the network will always know that the list of measurement reports only contains non-priority measurement reports that can be treated separately with lower priority. During times of low or no data traffic, the UE could reduce the total amount of time, e.g., the number of slots, during which the UE is actively transmitting, reducing power consumption. During low to no data traffic periods, the UE does not need to request as many resource grants to transmit the measurement reports and the network does not have to preemptively grant the UE resources that the UE could not yet use.

[0153] According to an example of the present disclosure, a measurement report aggregation, which combines priority measurements with non-priority measurements over the same channel (e.g., signaling radio bearer 1 (SRB1) on which RRC measurement reports are transmitted), and a triggering mechanism for the transmission of a measurement report, triggered by the presence of a priority measurement, may be implemented.

[0154] According to an example of the present disclosure, a measurement report aggregation, which includes only non-priority measurements, transmitted over the same channel as priority measurements, and a triggering mechanism for the reporting of a measurement report, triggered by completely filling the buffer with non-priority measurements, may be implemented.

[0155] According to an example of the present disclosure, a measurement report reordering mechanism may be implemented.

[0156] These examples of the present disclosure achieve to ensure prioritization of measurements required for mobility, i.e., used for normal network operation, compared to low priority of AI/ML related data collection needed for e.g. offline training purposes. [0157] Now, methods for aggregating and prioritizing measurement reports according to embodiments of the present disclosure will be described.

[0158] FIGURE 5 illustrates a flowchart of a method 500 or process for aggregating and prioritizing measurement reports according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 500 or process may be performed in a wireless communication system. For example, the method 500 or process may be performed in a 5G system as described above with reference to FIGURE 1. More specifically, the method 500 is performed by a terminal device of the wireless communication system such as user device (e.g., user equipment (UE)), or by an apparatus for use in a terminal device. For example, the user device may be represented by any one of the wireless devices, such as UEs 110A-110B of the wireless network 100 as described above with reference to FIGURE 1, or the wireless device 110 as described above with reference to FIGURE 2.

[0159] It is to be noted that examples of the method 500 are not limited to the sequence of operations illustrated in FIGURE 5. Unless explicitly stated differently, the operations may also be performed in any other sequence, even in parallel.

[0160] The wireless device 110 is connected to, and served by, the network 100. More specifically, the wireless device 110 is located in an area (i.e., a cell 115) served by the base station (e.g., gNBs 120A, 120B). In some examples, the wireless device 110 may be in a connected state (e.g., a RRC Connected State) to the base station (e.g., gNBs 120A, 120B).

[0161] The method 500 starts at the operation 510 with receiving a configuration for measurements from the network. The measurements may relate to a radio interface of the terminal device (i.e., radio interface measurements). The configuration may be received in a configuration message.

[0162] In some examples, the configuration may comprise one or more configurations for priority measurements (i.e., high-priority measurements or prioritized measurements) relating to time-critical network operations and one or more configurations for non-priority measurements (i.e., low-priority measurements or non-prioritized measurements) relating to other (i.e., non-time-critical) network operations. In other words, a plurality of measurement instances (i.e., individual measurements to be taken by the terminal device), having different priorities, may be associated with, or configured by the configuration. As described above, a data transmission for data obtained by priority measurements is to be scheduled without delay, i.e., the schedule is not allowed to be adjusted (non-adjusted-schedule data transmission), while a data transmission for data obtained by non-priority measurements can be scheduled with delay, i.e., the schedule is allowed to be adjusted (adjusted-schedule data transmission). Examples of priority measurements include, without limitation, RRM-related measurements, mobility and handover related measurements, and real-time ML operation and inference related measurement. Examples of non-priority measurements include, without limitation, offline training of ML models related measurements.

[0163] In some examples, the configuration may comprise an indication of priority of measurements. That is, the configuration may comprise an indication associated with a configuration for non-priority measurements (i.e., adjusted-schedule data transmission), which may also be referred to as a secondary priority. The indication may be represented by a flag indicating the configuration for non-priority measurements. Based on the indication or the flag, the terminal device is enabled to determine whether a measurement to be taken based on the configuration is a priority measurement (e.g., configuration associated with the priority measurement not flagged or not associated with the indication) or a non-priority measurement (e.g., configuration associated with the non-priority measurement flagged or associated with the indication). In some examples, the configuration for non-priority measurements may be referenced by an identifier. That is, the network may assign an identifier to the configuration for non-priority measurements (e.g., to a configuration flagged or associated with the indication) and may provide the identifier with the configuration. It is to be noted that, in other examples, the indication or flag may indicate the inverse, i.e., the configuration for priority measurements and thus a primary priority.

[0164] The configuration for the measurements may apply to any type of measurement reporting including periodical and event triggered. That is, the configuration may comprise a measurement report configuration for periodical reporting and/or a measurement report configuration for event-triggered reporting, which may be in relation to the measurements to be carried out by the terminal device (e.g., in the radio interface). Each of the measurement report configurations may comprise the one or more configurations for priority measurements and one or more configurations for non-priority measurements as described above.

[0165] In an implementation example, the indication or flag to indicate non-priority measurements may be included, as an optional field, in an information element for configuring measurements. The information element for configuring measurements may apply to periodical reporting and/or event-triggered reporting, which may be set by including a corresponding field in the information element. In another implementation example, the indication or flag may be embedded, as an optional field, inside the measurement report configuration for periodical reporting and/or the measurement report configuration for event-triggered reporting. [0166] In the operation 520, an indication for non-priority measurements taken by the terminal device in accordance with the configuration or at least part of the configuration is determined. That is, the terminal device determines that at least part of data (i.e., at least part of one or more results) obtained by the measurements such as the radio interface measurements for which the terminal device received the configuration in the operation 510 is indicated as being data for adjusted-schedule data transmission (i.e., data of non-priority measurements). The indication to be determined is associated with the configuration for the measurements. For example, the terminal device may determine, in the operation 520, that the configuration used to take the measurements is associated with the above-described indication of priority of measurements or the flag indicating that the measurement is a non-priority measurement and thus for adjusted-schedule data transmission.

[0167] For example, the terminal device may take a measurement in accordance with the configuration or at least part of the configuration (e.g., the measurement is taken in accordance with a configuration for non-priority measurements). In the operation 520, the terminal device may determine, for the measurement, whether there is an indication associated with the configuration or the at least part of the configuration that indicates the measurement as a non- priority measurement. The indication indicates that the at least part of the data (e.g., the result) obtained by the measurement is data for adjusted-schedule data transmission (i.e., a result of the non-priority measurement).

[0168] It is to be noted that in the case the indication or flag indicates the inverse, i.e., the configuration for priority measurements (i.e., measurements with non-adjusted-schedule data transmission), the terminal device may determine, in the operation 520, that the configuration used to take the measurements is not associated with the indication of priority of measurements or is not flagged by the flag that indicates priority measurement.

[0169] In the operation 530, the terminal device determines presence of data (i.e., at least part of one or more results) for non-adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the measurements such as the radio interface measurements for which the terminal device received the configuration in operation 510. Although the operation 530 is illustrated as being performed sequentially to the operation 520, it is to be noted that the method 500 is not limited thereto. That is, the operations 520 and 530 may be performed in any sequence, even in parallel.

[0170] The terminal device may determine, for at least part of data (i.e., at least part of one or more results) obtained by taking the measurements such as the radio interface measurements in accordance with the configuration received in the operation 510, an indication for priority measurements and thus data to be transmitted in accordance with the non-adjusted data transmission. For example, the terminal device may determine that the configuration used to take the measurements is not associated with the above-described indication of priority of measurements or is not flagged by the flag that indicates a non-priority measurement. Based on the indication, the terminal device may determine the presence of the data for non-adjusted- schedule data transmission (i.e., one or more results of priority measurements).

[0171] It is to be noted that in the case the indication or flag indicates the inverse, i.e., the configuration for priority measurements (i.e., measurements with non-adjusted-schedule data transmission), the terminal device may determine that the configuration used to take the measurements is associated with the indication of priority of measurements or is flagged by the flag that indicates priority measurement.

[0172] In the case the terminal device determines absence in the operation 530, the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission may be stored in memory (not shown in FIGURE 5).

[0173] As described above, priority measurements are to be reported to the network without adjusting the schedule for data transmission. The determination of the presence of data for non-adjusted-schedule data transmission (i.e., data of priority measurements) triggers reporting the data once corresponding requirements for the data transmission such as lapse of a time to trigger are met. The time to trigger (e.g., 100 ms) may be configured by the network.

[0174] In response to determining presence of the data for non-adjusted-schedule data transmission, the terminal device determines, in operation 540, whether an amount of the data for the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission allows to aggregate the data for the adjusted- schedule data transmission with the data for the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission. In the case the amount allows, the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission is transmitted as aggregated with the data for the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission in operation 550. The data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission and the data for the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission may, for example, be transmitted in a same message such as a RRC message. [0175] In some examples, the terminal device may determine in operation 540 whether the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission can also be included in the message with which the data for the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission is to be reported. In the case the message has a maximum allowed size (e.g., specified by the standard or uplink resources granted for transmission), the terminal device determines in the operation 540 whether, based on the maximum allowed size, a remaining size is sufficient to include the data for the adjusted- schedule data transmission. The remaining size may be the size of the message that remains available for transmission of data when the amount of the data for non-adjusted-schedule data transmission is included in the message. If so, to the extent the remaining size allows, at least part of the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission is included in the message.

[0176] In some examples, the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission may comprise data obtained in a measurement data instance associated with a configuration for the measurements with an indication for adjusted-schedule data transmission. That is, the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission may comprise at least part of a result obtained by a non-priority measurement taken in accordance with a configuration, wherein the non-priority of the measurement is indicated by the indicator (e.g., the flag) associated with configuration.

[0177] Optionally, in the case the terminal device determines in the operation 540 that the amount of the data for the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission does not allow (e.g., the remaining size in the message having the maximum allowed size is not sufficient), the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission is not included in the message and the message is transmitted in the operation 560 including the data for the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission only. In that case, the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission may be stored in memory.

[0178] In the case of transmitting, in the operation 550, the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission as aggregated with the data for the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission, information on the aggregation of the data may be transmitted. For example, the message transmitted in the operation 560 may comprise an indication of presence of the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission, such as a flag indicating the presence of such data, or the identifier assigned by the network for data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission. In the case the identifier is transmitted, there is no need to include, e.g., the flag indicating the presence of the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission, since the network will be able to reference the network device’s configuration based on the identifier.

[0179] To enable aggregation in the message (i.e., enable aggregation of measurement reports), a field may be added to an information element for the measurement reports. In addition, the information element for the measurement reports may include a list of measurement results (i.e., a list of one or more results of priority measurements and/or one or more results of non-priority measurements).

[0180] In some examples, the terminal device may use a timer for controlling operations to be carried out in association with the configuration received in the operation 510. For example, the terminal device may carry out one or more measurements in accordance with the configuration in response to lapse of the timer. The terminal device may, for example, carry out the operations shown in FIGURE 5 in response to lapse of the timer. Additionally, or alternatively, the terminal device may carry out the operations in response to an event. In some examples, the timer may be configured as part of the configuration (i.e., the operation 50) by the network.

[0181] FIGURE 6 shows a message sequence diagram of a method or process for aggregating and prioritizing measurement reports according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The method or process may correspond to the method 500 shown in FIGURE 5. It is to be noted that examples of the method are not limited to the sequence of operations illustrated in FIGURE 6. Unless explicitly stated differently, the operations may also be performed in any other sequence, even in parallel.

[0182] As shown, the method 600 is performed by a terminal device and a network device of a wireless communication system (e.g., 5G system). A terminal device may be a user device (e.g., user equipment (UE)), or by an apparatus for use in a terminal device, such as UEs 110A- 110B of the wireless network 100 as described with reference to FIGURE 1, or the wireless device 110 as described with reference to FIGURE 2. A network device may be a network device (e.g., a base station (gNB) or network function), or by an apparatus for use in a terminal device, such as gNBs 120A-120B or network device 130 of the wireless network 100 as described with reference to FIGURE 1, or the radio access device 120 or the network device 130 as described with reference to FIGURE 3. The terminal device is in a connected state (e.g., a RRC Connected State) to the network device (e.g., gNBs 120A, 120B).

[0183] In the operation 610, the network device transmits a configuration for measurements (e.g., radio interface measurements) to the terminal device from the network. Details of the operation 610 are described with respect to the operation 520 of FIGURE 5.

[0184] In the operation 620, the terminal device determines an indication for adjusted- schedule data transmission for at least part of data obtained by the measurements (i.e., an indication for non-priority measurements). The non-priority measurements are taken in accordance with the configuration or at least part thereof and the indication indicating the non- priority measurements is associated with the configuration or the at least part thereof. Details of the operation 620 are described with respect to the operation 520 of FIGURE 5.

[0185] For example, the terminal device may take a measurement in accordance with the configuration or at least part of the configuration (e.g., the measurement is taken in accordance with a configuration for non-priority measurements). In the operation 620, the terminal device may determine, for the measurement, whether there is an indication associated with the configuration or the at least part of the configuration that indicates the measurement as a non- priority measurement. The indication indicates that the at least part of the data (e.g., the result) obtained by the measurement is data for adjusted-schedule data transmission (i.e., a result of the non-priority measurement).

[0186] In the operation 630, the terminal device determines presence of data for non- adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the one or more measurements (i.e., priority measurements). The priority measurements are taken in accordance with the configuration. Details of the operation 630 are described with respect to the operation 530 of FIGURE 5.

[0187] Although the operation 630 is illustrated as being performed sequentially to the operation 620, it is to be noted that the method of FIGURE 6 is not limited thereto. That is, the operations 620 and 630 may be performed in any sequence, even in parallel.

[0188] In the operation 640, the terminal device determines whether an amount of the data for the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission allows to aggregate the data for the adjusted- schedule data transmission with the data for the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission. In the case the amount of the data for the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission allows, the terminal device transmits the adjusted-schedule data transmission data as aggregated with the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data in the operation 650 (e.g., in a same message). Details of the operations 640 and 650 are described with respect to the operations 540 and 550 of FIGURE 5.

[0189] In some examples, information on the data aggregation (e.g., a flag or an identifier associated with the configuration for the non-priority measurements) may be transmitted to the network device.

[0190] In response to receiving the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission aggregated with the data for the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission, the network device carries out operations based on the data for the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission (e.g., time-critical network operations related to RRM, mobility and handover, and real-time ML operation and inference) in the operation 660. The network device further carries out operations based on the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission (e.g., not time-critical network operations that may be related to offline training of ML models, to name one example) in the operation 670. The operations to be carried out by the network device may comprise storing the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission for later use.

[0191] In some examples, the network device may determine the data for the adjusted- schedule data transmission and the data aggregation based on information (e.g., the flag or identifier).

[0192] Accordingly, to support de-priorization of measurements not requiring non- adjusted-schedule data transmission (e.g., measurements used for training ML models), the terminal devices buffer the non-priority measurements until there is an opportunity to transmit such non-priority measurements. The methods 500 and 600 shown in FIGURES 5 and 6 enable transmitting the non-priority measurements any time such non-priority measurements are available and there is a transmission opportunity (e.g., an uplink grant) available to carry the non-priority measurements.

[0193] In accordance with the methods 500 and 600 of FIGURES 5 and 6, the network configures the terminal device for measurement data reporting to be reported to the network with a flag indicating (non-)priority of the measurement. For example, the network assigns low priority (e.g., a non-priority flag) to the measurement data that is not critical in terms of latency and/or network operations (i.e., adjusted-schedule data transmission). The terminal device reports (collected) low priority measurements, only if there is at least one (high-)priority measurement to be reported and only if there is available (remaining) resources/space in the same message for the low priority measurements, together with the (high-)priority measurement. Thus, in other words, the low priority measurements can be sent part-by-part due to limited size of the message and/or due to the limited space left in the message due to the (high-)priority measurement. Moreover, in some examples, each part of the low priority measurements may be assigned an identifier enabling the network to aggregate and/or order the low priority measurements.

[0194] FIGURE 7 illustrates a flowchart of another method 700 or process for aggregating and prioritizing measurement reports according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The method 700 or process may be performed in a wireless communication system. For example, the method 700 or process may be performed in a 5G system as described above with reference to FIGURE 1. More specifically, the method 700 is performed by a terminal device of the wireless communication system such as user device (e.g., user equipment (UE)), or by an apparatus for use in a terminal device. For example, the user device may be represented by any one of the wireless devices, such as UEs 110A-110B of the wireless network 100 as described above with reference to FIGURE 1, or the wireless device 110 as described above with reference to FIGURE 2. It is to be noted that examples of the method 700 are not limited to the sequence of operations illustrated in FIGURE 7. Unless explicitly stated differently, the operations may also be performed in any other sequence, even in parallel.

[0195] The wireless device 110 is connected to, and served by, the network 100. More specifically, the wireless device 110 is located in an area (i.e., a cell 115) served by the base station (e.g., gNBs 120A, 120B). In some examples, the wireless device 110 may be in a connected state (e.g., a RRC Connected State) to the base station (e.g., gNBs 120A, 120B). [0196] The method 700 starts at the operation 710 with receiving a configuration for measurements (e.g., radio interface measurements) from the network. Details of the operation 710 are described with respect to the operation 510 of FIGURE 5.

[0197] In the operation 720, an indication for non-priority measurements taken by the terminal device in accordance with the configuration is determined. That is, the terminal device determines that at least part of data (i.e., at least part of one or more results) obtained by the measurements such as the radio interface measurements for which the terminal device received the configuration in the operation 710 is indicated as being data for adjusted-schedule data transmission (i.e., data of non-priority measurements). Details of the operation 720 are described with respect to the operation 520 of FIGURE 5.

[0198] In the operation 730, the terminal device determines whether memory capacity is used. For example, the terminal device may determine whether a memory (e.g., a buffer) is full. A memory or part thereof having a particular capacity (e.g., a number of bytes, a number of measurements, or a number measurement reports) may be used to store data for the adjusted- schedule data transmission. In the case there is no more space for storing additional data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission, the memory is determined to be full and the capacity thereof exhausted, which in the present disclosure means that the capacity is used. On the other hand, in the case there is sufficient space for storing additional data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission, the memory is determined to be not full and the capacity thereof not exhausted, which in the present disclosure means that the capacity is not used.

[0199] The determination in the operation 730 may be performed after storing the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission in the memory. In this case, the terminal device determines whether storing the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission in the memory results in the memory capacity to be used (e.g., the memory is full). In other examples, the determination in the operation 730 may be performed prior to storing the data for the adjusted- schedule data transmission in the memory. In this case, the terminal device determines whether the memory capacity is already used (e.g., the memory is full) or whether a remaining capacity of the memory does not allow storing the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission.

[0200] In the case the terminal device determines in the operation 730 that the memory capacity is used (i.e., the memory is full), the terminal device transmits the at least part of the data according to transmission information in the configuration in the operation 740. The transmission information may specify as to how to transmit a message (e.g., a RRC message) including data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission and may include uplink resources granted for the transmission. [0201] In some examples, the transmission in the operation 740 may transmit an information on the aggregation of data. For example, the message transmitted in the operation 740 may comprise an indication of presence of the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission, such as a flag indicating the presence of such data, or the identifier assigned by the network for data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission. In the case the identifier is transmitted, there is no need to include, e.g., the flag indicating the presence of the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission, since the network will be able to reference the network device’s configuration based on the identifier.

[0202] In the case the terminal device determines in the operation 730 that the memory capacity is not used (i.e., the memory is not full), the terminal device stores the at least part of the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission in the operation 750. And the terminal device may transmit the stored data later as data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission.

[0203] In some examples, the terminal device may use a timer for controlling operations to be carried out in association with the configuration received in the operation 710. For example, the terminal device may carry out one or more measurements in accordance with the configuration in response to lapse of the timer. The terminal device may, for example, carry out the operations shown in FIGURE 7 in response to lapse of the timer. Additionally, or alternatively, the terminal device may carry out the operations in response to an event.

[0204] In other examples, the terminal device may transmit at least part of the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission stored in the memory in response to determining that a timer for transmitting data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission and clearing the memory elapsed.

[0205] FIGURE 8 shows an exemplary message sequence diagram of another method or process for aggregating and prioritizing measurement reports according to embodiments of the present disclosure. The method or process may correspond to the method 700 shown in FIGURE 7. It is to be noted that examples of the method are not limited to the sequence of operations illustrated in FIGURE 8. Unless explicitly stated differently, the operations may also be performed in any other sequence, even in parallel.

[0206] As shown, the method 800 is performed by a terminal device and a network device of a wireless communication system (e.g., 5G system). A terminal device may be a user device (e.g., user equipment (UE)), or by an apparatus for use in a terminal device, such as UEs 110A- 110B of the wireless network 100 as described with reference to FIGURE 1, or the wireless device 110 as described with reference to FIGURE 2. A network device may be a network device (e.g., a base station (gNB) or network function), or by an apparatus for use in a terminal device, such as gNBs 120A-120B or network device 130 of the wireless network 100 as described with reference to FIGURE 1, or the radio access device 120 or the network device 130 as described with reference to FIGURE 3. The terminal device is in a connected state (e.g., a RRC Connected State) to the network device (e.g., gNBs 120A, 120B).

[0207] In the operation 810, the network device transmits a configuration for measurements (e.g., radio interface measurements) to the terminal device from the network. Details of the operation 810 are described with respect to the operation 510 of FIGURE 5.

[0208] In the operation 820, the terminal device determines an indication for adjusted- schedule data transmission for at least part of data obtained by the measurements (i.e., an indication for non-priority measurements). The non-priority measurements are taken in accordance with the configuration and the indication indicating the non-priority measurements is associated with the configuration. Details of the operation 820 are described with respect to the operation 520 of FIGURE 5.

[0209] In the operation 830, the terminal device determines whether the memory capacity is used. In the case the memory capacity is used (e.g., the memory is full), the terminal device transmits the at least part of the data according to transmission information in the configuration in the operation 840. Details of the operations 830 and 840 are described with respect to the operations 730 and 740 of FIGURE 7.

[0210] In some examples, information on the data aggregation (e.g., a flag or an identifier associated with the configuration for the non-priority measurements) may be transmitted to the network device.

[0211] In response to receiving the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission, the network device carries out operations based on the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission (e.g., not time-critical network operations related to offline training of ML models) in the operation 850. The operations to be carried out by the network device may comprise storing the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission for later use.

[0212] In some examples, the network device may determine the data for the adjusted- schedule data transmission and the data aggregation based on information (e.g., the flag or identifier).

[0213] In the case the terminal device determines in the operation 830 that the memory capacity is not used (e.g., the memory is not full), the terminal device stores the at least part of the data in the memory in the operation 860. The terminal device may also transmit the at least part of the data as the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission, e.g., in response to lapse of a timer for transmitting data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission and clearing the memory elapsed, in the operation 870. Details of the operations 860 and 870 are described with respect to the operation 750 of FIGURE 7.

[0214] In response to receiving the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission, the network device carries out operations based on the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission in the operation 880. The operations to be carried out by the network device may comprise storing the data for the adjusted-schedule data transmission for later use.

[0215] Accordingly, to support de-priorization of measurements not requiring non- adjusted-schedule data transmission (e.g., measurements used for training ML models), the terminal devices buffer the non-priority measurements until there is an opportunity to transmit such non-priority measurements. The method 700 shown in FIGURE 7 enables the terminal device to report low priority measurements only if the size of collected and aggregated low priority measurements exceeds a threshold (e.g., a buffer) during which no (high-)priority measurement data is generated or required to be reported or during which remaining available resources in messages carrying the priority measurements was not sufficient to carry the low priority measurements.

[0216] According to another embodiment of the present disclosure, the operations of the method 500 shown in FIGURE 5 and the operations of method 600 may be performed in conjunction as will be described with reference to FIGURE 9 hereinbelow.

[0217] A flowchart of a method 900 or process for aggregating and prioritizing measurement reports comprising aspects of the methods or processes described above with reference to FIGURES 5 to 8, will now be described with reference to FIGURE 9.

[0218] The method 900 or process may be performed in a wireless communication system. For example, the method 900 or process may be performed in a 5G system as described above with reference to FIGURE 1. More specifically, the method 900 comprises operations to be performed by a terminal device of the wireless communication system such as a user device (e.g., user equipment (UE)), or by an apparatus for use in a terminal device and operations to be performed by a network device or network function of the wireless communication system such as a base station or control plane unit (e.g., gNB or Centralized Unit Control Plane (CU- CP)) or by an apparatus for use in a network device.

[0219] For example, the user device may be represented by any one of the wireless devices, such as UEs 110A-110B of the wireless network 100 as described above with reference to FIGURE 1, or the wireless device 110 as described above with reference to FIGURE 2. For example, the network device may be represented by any one of the networks devices, such as gNBs 120A-120B or network device 130 of the wireless network 100 as described above with reference to FIGURE 1, or the network device 120/130 as described above with reference to FIGURE 3.

[0220] The wireless device 110 is connected to, and served by, the network 100. More specifically, the wireless device 110 is located in an area (i.e., a cell 115) served by the base station (e.g., gNBs 120A, 120B).

[0221] In some examples, the wireless device 110 may be in a connected state (e.g., a RRC Connected State) to the base station (e.g., gNBs 120A, 120B).

[0222] The method 900 starts at the operation 910 with configuring the terminal device with measurements (e.g., radio interface measurements). More specifically, in some examples, the network device transmits a configuration message to the terminal device. The configuration message comprises one or more configurations for measurements that may are to be performed by the terminal device.

[0223] In some examples, the operation 910 corresponds to the operations 510, 610, 710 and 810 described above with reference to FIGURES 5 to 8, respectively.

[0224] Examples of measurements may comprise priority measurements (i.e., high-priority measurements or prioritized measurements) relating to time-critical network operations and non-priority (i.e., low-priority measurements or non-prioritized measurements) relating to other (i.e., non-time-critical) network operations. Priority measurements may relate to measurements that are to be transmitted to the network with low latency. That is, the data transmission for data obtained by such priority measurements is to be scheduled without delay and thus in accordance with a non-adjusted schedule (also referred to herein as non-adjusted-schedule data transmission). On the other hand, non-priority measurements may relate to measurements that can be transmitted to the network with latency. That is, the data transmission for data obtained by such non-priority measurements can be scheduled with delay and thus in accordance with an adjusted schedule (also referred to herein as adjusted-schedule data transmission). Examples of priority measurements (i.e., measurements related to time-critical network operations) include RRM-related measurements, mobility and handover related measurements, and realtime ML operation and inference related measurement. Examples of non-priority measurements (i.e., measurements not related to time-critical network operations) includes offline training of ML models related measurements, for instance measurements that are not affecting network operation. Those may be RRM measurements that are collected for offline training purpose and which are not used by network algorithms in real-time. Those may additionally be UE-specific measurements. [0225] In some examples, the measurement configuration may comprise an indication of priority of measurements. That is, the measurement configuration may comprise an indication for adjusted-schedule data transmission (i.e., non-priority measurements) and/or an indication for non-adjusted-schedule data transmission (i.e., priority measurements). The indication may be represented by a flag that indicates the priority of measurements. According to some examples, the indication or flag may pertain to the whole measurement configuration and thus to all measurements included in the measurement configuration or to one or more (individual) measurements.

[0226] In response to receiving the measurement configuration, the terminal device configures, based on the measurement configuration, the measurements to be taken.

[0227] While a timer monitored by the terminal device is running (the operation 920 of FIGURE 9), the terminal device takes a measurement in the operation 930. For example, the terminal device takes one or more measurements that are configured based on the measurement configuration. The terminal device obtains data (i.e., one or more measurements results) by taking the measurement.

[0228] In the operation 940, the terminal device checks a condition whether the measurement taken in the operation 920 is prioritized. For example, the terminal device checks whether the measurement is a priority measurement or a non-priority measurement. The condition may be checked based on the measurement configuration, e.g., the indication or flag included in the measurement configuration.

[0229] In some examples, the terminal device may determine an indication for transmission of data obtained by a non-priority measurement (e.g., an indication for adjusted- schedule data transmission for data obtained by the measurements) as described with respect to the operations 520 and 720 of FIGURES 5 and 7, respectively,. In other examples, the terminal device may determine an indication for transmission of data obtained by a priority measurement (e.g., an indication for non-adjusted-schedule data transmission for data obtained by the measurements).

[0230] Based on a result of the determination in the operation 940 (e.g., in a case the measurement is prioritized and thus a priority measurement), the terminal device triggers sending a number of measurements to the network device in the operation 950. To achieve low latency, prioritized measurements are not stored in a buffer of the terminal device but trigger a transmission of measurements including stored measurements. For example, the terminal device may send a message to the network device that includes the prioritized measurement (i.e., a priority measurement or non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data). That is, the terminal device may determine presence of non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data obtained by the measurement as described with respect to the operation 530 of FIGURE 5. In a case that uplink resources granted to send the number of measurements (e.g., in the message) can accommodate more than the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data, the terminal device may also transmit adjusted-schedule data transmission data obtained by the measurements (i.e., a non-priority measurement or not prioritized measurement) in accordance with the operation 540 described above with reference to FIGURE 5. That is, the message to be send by the terminal device includes non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data and adjusted-schedule data transmission data to the extend space in the uplink resources allows.

[0231] On the other hand, in a case the terminal device determines the measurement to be not prioritized in the operation 940, the terminal device proceeds with the operation 960 and checks a status of the buffer (i.e., a capacity of the buffer). In the buffer, data obtained by not prioritized measurements (i.e., non-priority measurements or adjusted-schedule data transmission data obtained by the measurements) is stored. For example, the terminal device may check whether the buffer is full. In other examples, the terminal device may check whether a remaining capacity of the buffer allows to store data of the non-priority measurements (i.e., the adjusted-schedule data transmission data) taken in the operation 930.

[0232] Based on a result of the determination in the operation 960 (e.g., in a case the terminal device detects that the buffer is full), the terminal device triggers sending the non- priority measurements stored in the buffer to the network device in the operation 970. For example, the determination in the operation 960 may trigger sending of the full buffer of non- priority measurements or at least part thereof. The terminal device may send one or more messages to the network device including the non-priority measurements.

[0233] On the other hand, in a case the terminal device detects in the operation 960 that the buffer is not full, the terminal device stores (i.e., logs) the non-priority measurement in the buffer (operation 980) and proceeds with taking the next measurement. More specifically, in response to storing the non-priority measurement in the buffer, the terminal device proceeds with the operation 920 and checks whether the timer is still running. If so, the terminal device takes the next measurement.

[0234] In accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, priority measurements are transmitted to the network with low latency, while non-priority measurements are transmitted to the network if granted uplink resources allow or if the buffer for storing the non-priority measurements is full. [0235] As described above, the network device may configure the measurements to be taken by the terminal device (operation 910 of FIGURE 9). In some examples, the measurement configuration may comprise a flag that indicates priority of measurements.

[0236] In some examples, a non-priority measurement flag (i.e., a flag indicating a nonpriority measurement) may be configured by the network device by placing the non-priority measurement flag as an optional field called nonPriorityMeasurement in a structure of an information element (e.g., the ReportConfigNR IE) in the configuration message. In such examples, the non-priority measurement flag may apply to any report type (e.g., reportType , including periodical reporting (i.e., periodical) or event-triggered reporting (e.g., eventTriggered). A structure of an information element including the non-priority measurement flag may comprise:

Structure of the ReportConfigNR IE.

[0237] In some other examples, the non-priority measurement flag may be configured by the network device by embedding the optional field called nonPriorityMeasurement flag inside a configuration for an event trigger (i.e., EventTriggerConfig). The non-priority measurement flag may also be embedded inside any reportType. A structure of an information element including the non-priority measurement flag may comprise:

Structure of the EventTriggerConfig.

[0238] As described above, the measurements reported by the terminal device to the network device may be aggregated. That is, a message to report measurements may include a plurality of measurements including priority measurements and/or non-priority measurements. To support the aggregation of measurement reports, a field c&\\Qd X1easuremenlReporlIEs-rXX. where XX refers to the release number (e.g., Release 18 of the 3GPP standard or beyond) may be added as a nonCriticalExtension to the information element MeasurementReport-IEs. The field MeasurementReport-IEs-rXX may include a list of measurement results MeasResults called measResultsList. Structures of the information element MeasurementReport-IEs including the field MeasurementReportlEs-rXX and the information element MeasurementReportlEs-rXX may comprise:

Structure of the MeasurementReport-IEs.

Structure of the MeasurementReport-IEs-rXX. [0239] FIGURES 10A and 10B illustrate schematic block diagrams showing structures of apparatuses according to examples of the present disclosure. The illustrated blocks are basically configured to perform respective methods, procedures and/or functions as described above. It is to be noted that the individual blocks are meant to illustrate respective functional blocks implementing a respective function, process, or procedure, respectively. Such functional blocks are implementation-independent, i.e., may be implemented by means of any kind of hardware or software or combination thereof, respectively.

[0240] An apparatus according to an example of the present disclosure may represent or realize/embody a (e.g., part of a) a User Equipment (UE) as an example of a terminal device, wireless device, or entity. Such apparatus may be illustrated or realized as is shown in FIGURE 2. The apparatus or the at least one processor 220 (e.g., together with instructions stored in the at least one memory 230) may be configured to receive a configuration for radio interface measurements. The apparatus or the at least one processor 220 (e.g., together with instructions stored in the at least one memory 230) may be configured to determine an indication, wherein the indication is associated with the configuration for the radio interface measurements, for adjusted-schedule data transmission for at least part of data obtained by the radio interface measurements. Also, the apparatus or the at least one processor 220 (e.g., together with instructions stored in the at least one memory 230) may be configured to determine presence of data for non-adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements. Additionally, the apparatus or the at least one processor 220 (e.g., together with instructions stored in the at least one memory 230) may be configured to, in the case an amount of the non- adjusted-schedule data transmission data allows, transmit the adjusted-schedule data transmission data as aggregated with the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0241] Such apparatus may be illustrated or realized as is shown in FIGURE 10A as apparatus 1000. The apparatus 1000 may comprise (at least) one or more unit/means/circuitry, denoted by receiving section 1010, which represent any implementation for (or configured to) receiving a configuration for radio interface measurements, and (at least) one or more unit/means/circuitry, denoted by determining section 1020, which represent any implementation for (or configured to) determining an indication, wherein the indication is associated with the configuration for the radio interface measurements, for adjusted-schedule data transmission for at least part of data obtained by the radio interface measurements, and determining presence of data for non-adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements. Additionally, the apparatus 1000 may comprise (at least) one or more unit/means/circuitry, denoted by transmitting section 1030, which represent any implementation for (or configured to), in the case an amount of the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data allows, transmitting the adjusted-schedule data transmission data as aggregated with the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0242] An apparatus according to an example of the present disclosure may represent or realize/embody a (e.g., part of a) a network entity (such as any kind of base station or the like) as an example of a network device or entity. Such apparatus may be illustrated or realized as is shown in FIGURE 3. The apparatus or the at least one processor 320 (e.g., together with instructions stored in the at least one memory 330) may be configured to send a configuration for radio interface measurements to a UE. The apparatus or the at least one processor 320 (e.g., together with instructions stored in the at least one memory 330) may be configured to receive data of adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements as aggregated with non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data obtained by the radio interface measurements. Additionally, the apparatus or the at least one processor 320 (e.g., together with instructions stored in the at least one memory 330) may be configured to carry out operations based on the adjusted-schedule data transmission data and/or operations based on the non- adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0243] Such apparatus may be illustrated or realized as is shown in FIGURE 10B as apparatus 1050. The apparatus 1050 may comprise (at least) one or more unit/means/circuitry, denoted by transmitting section 1060, which represent any implementation for (or configured to) sending a configuration for radio interface measurements to a UE, and (at least) one or more unit/means/circuitry, denoted by receiving section 1070, which represent any implementation for (or configured to) receiving data of adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements as aggregated with non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data obtained by the radio interface measurements. Additionally, the apparatus 1050 may comprise (at least) one or more unit/means/circuitry, denoted by operating section 1080, which represent any implementation for (or configured to) carrying out operations based on the adjusted- schedule data transmission data and/or operations based on the non-adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0244] An apparatus according to another example of the present disclosure may represent or realize/embody a (e.g., part of a) a User Equipment (UE) as an example of a terminal device, wireless device, or entity. Such apparatus may be illustrated or realized as is shown in FIGURE 2. The apparatus or the at least one processor 220 (e.g., together with instructions stored in the at least one memory 230) may be configured to receive a configuration for radio interface measurements. The apparatus or the at least one processor 220 (e.g., together with instructions stored in the at least one memory 230) may be configured to determine an indication, wherein the indication is associated with the configuration for the radio interface measurements, for adjusted-schedule data transmission for at least part of data obtained by the radio interface measurements. Additionally, the apparatus or the at least one processor 220 (e.g., together with instructions stored in the at least one memory 230) may be configured to, in the case memory capacity is used, transmit the at least part of the data according to transmission information in the configuration, and may be configured to, in the case the memory capacity is not used, store the at least part of the data and transmit the at least part of the data as adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0245] Such apparatus according to another example of the present disclosure may comprise (at least) one or more unit/means/circuitry, denoted as receiving section, which represent any implementation for (or configured to) receiving a configuration for radio interface measurements, and (at least) one or more unit/means/circuitry, denoted as determination section, which represent any implementation for (or configured to) determining an indication, wherein the indication is associated with the configuration for the radio interface measurements, for adjusted-schedule data transmission for at least part of data obtained by the radio interface measurements. Additionally, the apparatus may comprise (at least) one or more unit/means/circuitry, denoted by transmitting section, which represent any implementation for (or configured to), in the case memory capacity is used, transmitting the at least part of the data according to transmission information in the configuration, and (at least) one or more unit/means/circuitry, denoted by storing and transmitting section, which represent any implementation for (or configured to), in the case the memory capacity is not used, storing the at least part of the data and transmitting the at least part of the data as adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0246] An apparatus according to another example of the present disclosure may represent or realize/embody a (e.g., part of a) a network entity (such as any kind of base station or the like) as an example of a network device or entity. Such apparatus may be illustrated or realized as is shown in FIGURE 3. The apparatus or the at least one processor 320 (e.g., together with instructions stored in the at least one memory 330) may be configured to send a configuration for radio interface measurements to a UE. The apparatus or the at least one processor 320 (e.g., together with instructions stored in the at least one memory 330) may be configured to receive data of adjusted-schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements. Additionally, the apparatus or the at least one processor 320 (e.g., together with instructions stored in the at least one memory 330) may be configured to carry out operations based on the adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0247] Such apparatus according to another example of the present disclosure may comprise (at least) one or more unit/means/circuitry, denoted as transmitting section, which represent any implementation for (or configured to) sending a configuration for radio interface measurements to a UE, and (at least) one or more unit/means/circuitry, denoted as receiving section, which represent any implementation for (or configured to) receiving data of adjusted- schedule data transmission obtained by the radio interface measurements. Additionally, the apparatus may comprise (at least) one or more unit/means/circuitry, denoted as operating section, which represent any implementation for (or configured to) carrying out operations based on the adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

[0248] For further details regarding the operability/functionality of the apparatuses (or units/means thereof) according to some examples of the present disclosure, reference is made to the above description in connection with any one of FIGURES 1 to 9, respectively.

[0249] The apparatuses according to some examples of the present disclosure may comprise or be coupled to other units or modules etc., such as radio parts or radio heads, used in or for transmission and/or reception. Although the apparatuses have been described as one entity, different modules and memory may be implemented in one or more physical or logical entities.

[0250]

[0251] The apparatuses may comprise or be coupled to other units or modules etc., such as radio parts or radio heads, used in or for transmission and/or reception. Although the apparatuses have been described as one entity, different modules and memory may be implemented in one or more physical or logical entities.

[0252] It is noted that whilst embodiments have been described in relation to LTE and 5G NR, similar principles can be applied in relation to other networks and communication systems where enforcing fast connection re-establishment is required. Therefore, although certain embodiments were described above by way of example with reference to certain example architectures for wireless networks, technologies and standards, embodiments may be applied to any other suitable forms of communication systems than those illustrated and described herein.

[0253] It is also noted herein that while the above describes examples, there are several variations and modifications which may be made to the disclosed solution without departing from the scope of the present disclosure. [0254] In general, the various examples may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic, or any combination thereof. Some aspects of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor, or other computing device, although the present disclosure is not limited thereto. While various aspects of the present disclosure may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is well understood that these blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques, or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.

[0255] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented by computer software executable by a data processor of the mobile device, such as in the processor entity, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. Computer software or program, also called program product, including software routines, applets and/or macros, may be stored in any apparatus-readable data storage medium and they comprise program instructions to perform particular tasks. A computer program product may comprise one or more computerexecutable components which, when the program is run, are configured to carry out embodiments. The one or more computer-executable components may be at least one software code or portions of it.

[0256] Further in this regard it should be noted that any blocks of the logic flow as in the figures may represent program steps, or interconnected logic circuits, blocks and functions, or a combination of program steps and logic circuits, blocks, and functions. The software may be stored on such physical media as memory chips, or memory blocks implemented within the processor, magnetic media such as hard disk or floppy disks, and optical media such as for example DVD and the data variants thereof, CD. The physical media is a non-transitory media. [0257] The memory may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory, and removable memory. The data processors may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may comprise one or more of general-purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), FPGA, gate level circuits and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. [0258] Embodiments of the present disclosure may be practiced in various components such as integrated circuit modules. The design of integrated circuits is by and large a highly automated process. Complex and powerful software tools are available for converting a logic level design into a semiconductor circuit design ready to be etched and formed on a semiconductor substrate.

[0259] The foregoing description has provided by way of non-limiting examples a full and informative description of examples of the present disclosure. However, various modifications and adaptations may become apparent to those skilled in the relevant arts in view of the foregoing description, when read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and the appended claims. However, all such and similar modifications of the teachings of this invention will still fall within the scope of the present disclosure as defined in the appended claims. Indeed, there is an additional example comprising a combination of one or more examples with any of the other examples previously discussed.

Claims

1. A method comprising: receiving, by a terminal device, a configuration for radio interface measurements; determining an indication, wherein the indication is associated with the configuration for the radio interface measurements, for adjusted-schedule data transmission for at least part of data obtained by the radio interface measurements; in the case memory capacity is used, transmitting the at least part of the data according to transmission information in the configuration; and in the case the memory capacity is not used, storing the at least part of the data and transmitting the at least part of the data as adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the data transmission further comprises information on the data aggregation.

3. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein the adjusted-schedule data transmission data comprises data obtained in one measurement data instance associated with a configuration for radio interface measurements with an indication for adjusted-schedule transmission.

4. The method of any preceding claim, further comprising: using a timer for controlling carrying out operations in association with the configuration.

5. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the configuration comprises a measurement report configuration and/or an event trigger configuration in relation to measurements carried out in a radio interface.

6. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the indication for the adjusted-schedule data transmission comprises a priority indication of a secondary priority.

7. The method of any preceding claim, wherein adjusted-schedule data transmission data is transmitted in response to lapse of a timer.

8. An apparatus comprising: at least one processor; and at least one memory including computer program code, wherein the computer program code causes the apparatus, when executed with the at least one processor, to: receive, by a terminal device, a configuration for radio interface measurements; determine an indication, wherein the indication is associated with the configuration for the radio interface measurements, for adjusted-schedule data transmission for at least part of data obtained by the radio interface measurements; in the case memory capacity is used, transmit the at least part of the data according to transmission information in the configuration; and in the case the memory capacity is not used, store the at least part of the data and transmit the at least part of the data as adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

9. The apparatus of claim 8, wherein the data transmission further comprises information on the data aggregation.

10. The apparatus of claim 8 or 9, wherein the adjusted-schedule data transmission data comprises data obtained in one measurement data instance associated with a configuration for radio interface measurements with an indication for adjusted-schedule data transmission.

11. The apparatus of any of claims 8 to 10, wherein the computer program code causes the apparatus, when executed with the at least one processor, to: use a timer for controlling carrying out operations in association with the configuration.

12. The apparatus of any of claims 8 to 11, wherein the configuration comprises a measurement report configuration and/or an event trigger configuration in relation to measurements carried out in a radio interface.

13. The apparatus of any of claims 8 to 12, wherein the indication for the adjusted-schedule data transmission comprises a priority indication of a secondary priority.

14. The apparatus of any of claims 8 to 13, wherein adjusted-schedule data transmission data is transmitted in response to lapse of a timer.

15. An apparatus comprising: means for receiving, by a terminal device, a configuration for radio interface measurements; means for determining an indication, wherein the indication is associated with the configuration for the radio interface measurements, for adjusted-schedule data transmission for at least part of data obtained by the radio interface measurements; means for transmitting, in the case memory capacity is used, the at least part of the data according to transmission information in the configuration; and means for storing, in the case the memory capacity is not used, the at least part of the data and transmitting the at least part of the data as adjusted-schedule data transmission data.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the data transmission further comprises information on the data aggregation.

17. The apparatus of claim 15 or 16, wherein the adjusted-schedule data transmission data comprises data obtained in one measurement data instance associated with a configuration for radio interface measurements with an indication for adjusted-schedule data transmission.

18. The apparatus of any of claims 15 to 17, further comprising: means for using a timer for controlling carrying out operations in association with the configuration.

19. The apparatus of any of claims 15 to 18, wherein the configuration comprises a measurement report configuration and/or an event trigger configuration in relation to measurements carried out in a radio interface.

20. The apparatus of any of claims 15 to 19, wherein the indication for the adjusted-schedule data transmission comprises a priority indication of a secondary priority.

21. The apparatus of any of claims 15 to 20, wherein adjusted-schedule data transmission data is transmitted in response to lapse of a timer.

22. A computer program product comprising program instructions stored on a computer readable medium to execute the method of any of claims 1 to 7, when said program is executed on a computer.