WO2025231622A1 - Power control method and apparatus, device, and storage medium - Google Patents

Abstract

A power control method and apparatus, a device, and a storage medium, relating to the technical field of communications. The method comprises: on the basis of transmit powers respectively corresponding to M transmissions, determining N transmissions from among the M transmissions, and determining transmit powers respectively corresponding to the N transmissions, wherein M is an integer greater than 1, and N is a positive integer less than or equal to M (1010). In the method, N transmissions are determined from among M transmissions and transmit powers respectively corresponding to the N transmissions are determined, thereby effectively limiting the transmit power of a communication device. On one hand, interference on uplink transmissions among a plurality of A-IOT devices can be reduced, and on the other hand, interference of transmissions on modulated backscatter signals from A-IOT devices can be reduced, thereby ensuring the reliability of uplink transmissions of A-IOT devices.

Description

Power control methods, devices, equipment and storage media Technical Field

This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a power control method, apparatus, device, and storage medium.

Background Technology

In recent years, the application of zero-power devices has become increasingly widespread. Zero-power IoT can also be called Ambient Power Enabled IoT, or simply Ambient IoT.

In the Internet of Things (IoT) of the environment, how to control the power of communication devices during transmission (such as carrier waves) requires further research.

Summary of the Invention

This application provides a power control method, apparatus, device, and storage medium. The technical solutions provided by this application are as follows:

According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a power control method is provided, the method being executed by a communication device, the method comprising:

Based on the transmission power of each of the M transmissions, determine N transmissions from the M transmissions, and determine the transmission power of each of the N transmissions, where M is an integer greater than 1 and N is a positive integer less than or equal to M.

According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a power control device is provided, the device comprising:

The processing module is used to determine N transmissions from the M transmissions based on the transmission power corresponding to each of the M transmissions, and the transmission power of each of the N transmissions, where M is an integer greater than 1 and N is a positive integer less than or equal to M.

According to one aspect of the present application, a communication device is provided, the communication device including a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program, the processor executing the computer program to implement the power control method described above.

According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, the storage medium storing a computer program for execution by a processor to implement the power control method described above.

According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a chip is provided, the chip including programmable logic circuits and/or program instructions, which, when the chip is running, are used to implement the power control method described above.

According to one aspect of the embodiments of this application, a computer program product is provided, the computer program product including computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and a processor reading from the computer-readable storage medium and executing the computer instructions to implement the power control method described above.

The technical solutions provided in this application embodiment may have the following beneficial effects:

By determining N transmissions from M transmissions and the transmission power of each of the N transmissions, the transmission power of the communication equipment is effectively limited. On the one hand, this reduces uplink transmission interference between multiple A-IoT devices; on the other hand, it reduces interference from the modulation signal backscattered by the transmission to the A-IoT device, thus ensuring the reliability of uplink transmission of the A-IoT device.

Attached Figure Description

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a network architecture provided in one embodiment of this application;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the basic structure of a zero-power communication system provided in an embodiment of this application;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the radio frequency energy harvesting principle provided in an embodiment of this application;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the backscatter communication principle provided in an embodiment of this application;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of a resistive load modulation circuit structure provided in an embodiment of this application;

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of two A-IoT deployment scenarios provided in one embodiment of this application;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the spectrum of an A-IOT device based on single-tone and multi-tone carrier backscattering according to an embodiment of this application;

Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of uplink transmission on an A-IoT device according to an embodiment of this application;

Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of uplink transmission on an A-IoT device provided in another embodiment of this application;

Figure 10 is a flowchart of a power control method provided in an embodiment of this application;

Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the carrier and modulation waveforms provided in an embodiment of this application;

Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of uplink transmission on an A-IoT device provided in another embodiment of this application;

Figure 13 is a block diagram of a power control device provided in an embodiment of this application;

Figure 14 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device provided in an embodiment of this application.

Detailed Implementation

To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this application clearer, the embodiments of this application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The network architecture and business scenarios described in the embodiments of this application are for the purpose of more clearly illustrating the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, and do not constitute a limitation on the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application. As those skilled in the art will know, with the evolution of network architecture and the emergence of new business scenarios, the technical solutions provided in the embodiments of this application are also applicable to similar technical problems.

The technical solutions of this application embodiment can be applied to various communication systems, such as: Global System of Mobile Communication (GSM) system, Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) system, Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) system, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS), Long Term Evolution (LTE) system, Advanced Long Term Evolution (LTE-A) system, New Radio (NR) system, evolution systems of NR system, and LTE-Bass on unlicensed spectrum. This includes LTE-U (LTE-U) systems, NR-based access to unlicensed spectrum (NR-U) systems, Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) systems, Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLAN), Wireless Fidelity (WiFi), 5th Generation (5G) systems, Beyond 5G (B5G) systems, 6th Generation (6G) systems, and other communication systems.

Traditional communication systems typically support a limited number of connections and are easy to implement. However, with the development of communication technology, mobile communication systems will not only support traditional communication but also, for example, device-to-device (D2D) communication, machine-to-machine (M2M) communication, machine-type communication (MTC), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication, or vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. The embodiments of this application can also be applied to these communication systems.

The communication system in this application embodiment can be applied to carrier aggregation (CA) scenarios, dual connectivity (DC) scenarios, and standalone (SA) network deployment scenarios.

The communication system in this application embodiment can be applied to unlicensed spectrum, wherein unlicensed spectrum can also be considered as shared spectrum; or, the communication system in this application embodiment can also be applied to licensed spectrum, wherein licensed spectrum can also be considered as non-shared spectrum.

The embodiments of this application can be applied to both non-terrestrial network (NTN) systems and terrestrial network (TN) systems. NTN typically uses satellite communication to provide communication services to terrestrial users. Currently, NTN systems include NR-NTN and IoT-NTN systems, and other NTN systems may be included in the future.

Please refer to Figure 1, which shows a schematic diagram of a network architecture 100 provided in one embodiment of this application. The network architecture 100 may include: a terminal device 10, an access network device 20, and a core network element 30.

Terminal device 10 can refer to UE (User Equipment), access terminal, user unit, user station, mobile station, mobile station, remote station, remote terminal, mobile device, wireless communication device, user agent, or user equipment. In some embodiments, terminal device 10 can also be a cellular phone, cordless phone, SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) phone, WLL (Wireless Local Loop) station, PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), handheld device with wireless communication capabilities, computing device or other processing device connected to a wireless modem, vehicle-mounted device, wearable device, terminal device in 5GS (5th Generation System), or terminal device in a future evolved PLMN (Public Land Mobile Network), etc., and this application embodiment is not limited to these. For ease of description, the devices mentioned above are collectively referred to as terminal devices. There are usually multiple terminal devices 10, and one or more terminal devices 10 can be distributed within the cell managed by each access network device 20. Terminal devices can also be simply referred to as terminals or UEs, the meaning of which will be understood by those skilled in the art.

Access network device 20 is a device deployed in an access network to provide wireless communication functionality to terminal device 10. Access network device 20 may include various forms of macro base stations, micro base stations, relay stations, access points, etc. In systems employing different wireless access technologies, the name of the device with access network device functionality may differ; for example, in a 5G NR system, it is called gNodeB or gNB. As communication technologies evolve, the name "access network device" may change. For ease of description, in this embodiment, the aforementioned devices providing wireless communication functionality to terminal device 10 are collectively referred to as access network devices. In some embodiments, a communication relationship can be established between terminal device 10 and core network element 30 through access network device 20. For example, in an LTE (Long Term Evolution) system, access network device 20 can be one or more eNodeBs in an EUTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network) or an EUTRAN; in a 5G NR system, access network device 20 can be one or more gNBs in a RAN (Radio Access Network). In the embodiments of this application, unless otherwise specified, "network device" refers to access network device 20, such as a base station.

Core network element 30 is a network element deployed in the core network. Its main functions are to provide user connectivity, manage users, and bear services, serving as an interface to external networks. For example, core network elements in a 5G NR system may include AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function) entities, UPF (User Plane Function) entities, and SMF (Session Management Function) entities.

In some embodiments, the access network device 20 and the core network element 30 communicate with each other via some air interface technology, such as a 5G NR system. The NG interface in the network. Access network device 20 and terminal device 10 communicate with each other through some air interface technology, such as the Uu interface.

The "5G NR system" in this application embodiment can also be referred to as a 5G system or an NR system, but those skilled in the art will understand its meaning. The technical solutions described in this application embodiment can be applied to LTE systems, 5G NR systems, and subsequent evolution systems of 5G NR systems (such as B5G (Beyond 5G) systems, 6G systems (6th Generation System), and other communication systems such as NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things) systems. This application does not limit these applications.

In this embodiment, the network device can provide services to a cell. The terminal device communicates with the network device through the transmission resources (e.g., frequency domain resources, or spectrum resources) on the carrier used by the cell. The cell can be the cell corresponding to the network device (e.g., a base station). The cell can belong to a macro base station or to a base station corresponding to a small cell. The small cell can include: metro cell, micro cell, pico cell, femto cell, etc. These small cells have the characteristics of small coverage area and low transmission power, and are suitable for providing high-speed data transmission services.

Before introducing the technical solution of this application, the relevant technologies involved in this application will be described first. The following relevant technologies are optional solutions and can be arbitrarily combined with the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, all of which fall within the protection scope of the embodiments of this application. The embodiments of this application include at least some of the following contents.

1. Principles of Zero-Power Communication Technology

In recent years, the application of zero-power devices has become increasingly widespread. Zero-power IoT, also known as Ambient Power Enabled IoT or simply Ambient IoT, is sometimes referred to as passive IoT in technical literature. Ambient IoT devices are IoT devices powered by various environmental energy sources (such as radio frequency energy, light energy, solar energy, thermal energy, mechanical energy, etc.). These devices may have no energy storage capacity or very limited energy storage capacity (such as using a capacitor with a capacitance of tens of microseconds). Compared to existing IoT devices, Ambient IoT devices offer numerous advantages, including no need for conventional batteries, no maintenance, small size, low complexity and low cost, and long lifespan.

Zero-power communication employs energy harvesting and backscatter communication technologies. A zero-power communication network consists of network devices and zero-power devices, as shown in Figure 2. The network devices send wireless power signals and downlink communication signals to the zero-power devices, and receive backscatter signals from the zero-power devices. A basic zero-power device includes an energy harvesting module, a backscatter communication module, and a low-power computing module. In addition, the zero-power device may also have a memory or sensor to store basic information (such as object identification) or acquire sensor data such as ambient temperature and humidity.

The key technologies for zero-power communication mainly include radio frequency energy harvesting and backscatter communication.

1.1. Radio Frequency Power Harvesting

As shown in Figure 3, the radio frequency energy harvesting module harvests electromagnetic wave energy from space based on the principle of electromagnetic induction, thereby obtaining the energy required to drive zero-power devices, such as driving low-power demodulation and modulation modules, sensors, and memory reading. Therefore, zero-power devices do not require traditional batteries.

1.2. Backscattering Communication

As shown in Figure 4, the zero-power communication terminal receives wireless signals sent by the network, modulates the wireless signals, loads the information to be transmitted, and radiates the modulated signal from the antenna. This information transmission process is called backscatter communication. Backscatter and load modulation are inseparable. Load modulation adjusts and controls the circuit parameters of the zero-power device's oscillation circuit according to the data stream's rhythm, causing parameters such as the electronic tag's impedance to change accordingly, thus completing the modulation process. Load modulation technology mainly includes two methods: resistive load modulation and capacitive load modulation. In resistive load modulation, a resistor is connected in parallel with the load. This resistor is switched on or off based on the control of the binary data stream, as shown in Figure 5. The switching on and off of the resistor causes a change in the circuit voltage, thus realizing amplitude shift keying (ASK) modulation, that is, signal modulation and transmission are achieved by adjusting the amplitude of the backscatter signal from the zero-power device. Similarly, in capacitive load modulation, the circuit resonant frequency can be changed by switching the capacitor on and off, realizing frequency shift keying (FSK) modulation, that is, signal modulation and transmission are achieved by adjusting the operating frequency of the backscattered signal of the zero-power device.

As can be seen, zero-power devices modulate the incoming signal using load modulation, thereby achieving backscatter communication. Therefore, zero-power devices have significant advantages:

(1) The terminal does not actively transmit signals, so it does not need complex radio frequency links, such as PA (Power Amplifier), radio frequency filters, etc.;

(2) The terminal does not need to actively generate high-frequency signals, therefore it does not need a high-frequency crystal oscillator;

(3) With the help of backscatter communication, the terminal signal transmission does not require the terminal's own energy to be consumed.

1.3. Application Scenarios of Zero-Power Communication

Zero-power communication (ZHW) has significant advantages such as extremely low cost, zero power consumption, and small size, and can be widely used in various industries, such as logistics, smart warehousing, smart agriculture, energy and power, and industrial internet for vertical industries; it can also be used in personal applications such as smart wearables and smart homes.

1.4. Classification of Zero-Power Devices

Based on the energy source and usage method of zero-power devices, zero-power devices can be classified into the following types:

(1) Passive zero-power devices

Zero-power devices do not require an internal battery. When a zero-power device approaches a network device (such as an RFID reader), it falls within the near-field range of the network device's antenna radiation. Therefore, the zero-power device's antenna generates an induced current through electromagnetic induction, which drives the device's low-power chip circuitry. This enables demodulation of the forward link signal (downlink, from the network device to the zero-power device) and modulation of the backward link signal (uplink, from the zero-power device to the network device). For backscatter links, the zero-power device uses backscattering to transmit signals.

As can be seen, passive zero-power devices do not require built-in batteries to drive either the forward or reverse link, making them truly zero-power devices.

Passive zero-power devices do not require batteries, and their radio frequency and baseband circuits are very simple. For example, they do not require LNA (Low Noise Amplifier), PA, crystal oscillator, ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter), etc. Therefore, they have many advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life.

(2) Semi-passive zero-power devices

Semi-passive zero-power devices do not have conventional batteries installed, but they can use RF (Radio Frequency) energy harvesting modules to harvest radio wave energy, or use solar, light, heat, or kinetic energy harvesting modules to harvest energy, and store the harvested energy in an energy storage unit (such as a capacitor). After obtaining energy, the energy storage unit can drive the low-power chip circuitry of the zero-power device, enabling demodulation of forward link signals and modulation of backward link signals. For backscatter links, the zero-power device uses backscattering to transmit signals.

As can be seen, semi-passive zero-power devices do not require built-in batteries to drive either the forward or reverse link. Although they use energy stored in capacitors during operation, the energy comes from the radio energy collected by the energy harvesting module, making them a true zero-power device.

Semi-passive zero-power devices inherit many advantages of passive zero-power devices, and therefore have many advantages such as small size, light weight, very low price, and long service life.

(3) Active zero-power devices

In some scenarios, zero-power devices can also be active zero-power devices. These terminals can have a built-in battery (a conventional battery, such as a dry cell battery or a rechargeable lithium battery). The battery powers the low-power chip circuitry of the zero-power device, enabling demodulation of the forward link signal and modulation of the backward link signal. However, for the backscatter link, the zero-power device uses backscattering to transmit the signal. Therefore, the zero power consumption of this type of terminal is mainly reflected in the fact that the signal transmission of the backward link does not require the terminal's own power, but instead uses backscattering. Although active zero-power devices use batteries, their power consumption is extremely low due to ultra-low power communication sampling technology, thus significantly improving battery life compared to existing technologies.

Active zero-power devices use a built-in battery to power the RFID chip, increasing the tag's read/write distance and improving communication reliability. Therefore, they are used in scenarios with relatively high requirements for communication distance and read latency.

Classification of zero-power devices based on transmitter type.

As is well known, the business types of zero-power IoT, along with other IoT business types, will primarily focus on upstream services. Therefore, based on the way zero-power terminals transmit data, they can be categorized as follows:

(1) Zero-power devices based on backscattering

These zero-power devices transmit uplink data using the backscattering method described above. These devices do not have an active transmitter for active transmission, but only a backscattering transmitter. Therefore, when this type of terminal transmits data, a network device needs to provide a carrier wave, and the terminal device uses this carrier wave for backscattering to achieve data transmission.

(2) Zero-power devices based on active transmitters

These zero-power devices use active transmitters with active transmission capabilities for uplink data transmission. Therefore, when sending data, these devices can transmit data using their own active transmitters without requiring a carrier wave from network equipment. Suitable active transmitters for zero-power devices include, for example, ultra-low-power ASK or ultra-low-power FSK transmitters. Based on current implementations, these transmitters can reduce overall power consumption to 400–600 µW when transmitting a 100 µW signal.

(3) A zero-power device that simultaneously possesses backscattering and an active transmitter.

These terminals can support both backscatter and active transmitters. The terminal can determine which uplink signal transmission method to use based on different conditions (such as battery level and available ambient energy) or the scheduling of network devices: whether to use backscatter or active transmitter for active transmission.

2. Cellular Passive Internet of Things

Cellular IoT is booming, with standards such as 3GPP (3rd Generation Partnership Project) already in place. While IoT technologies such as NB-IoT (Narrow Band Internet of Things), MTC (Machine Type Communication), and RedCap (Reduced Capability) have been adopted, many IoT communication needs in various scenarios still cannot be met using existing technologies. For example:

(1) Harsh communication environment

Some IoT scenarios may face extreme environments such as high temperatures, extremely low temperatures, high humidity, high pressure, high radiation, or high-speed movement. Examples include ultra-high-voltage substations, high-speed train track monitoring, environmental monitoring in frigid regions, and industrial production lines. In these scenarios, existing IoT terminals will be unable to function due to the limitations of conventional power supplies. Furthermore, extreme working environments are also detrimental to IoT maintenance, such as battery replacement.

(2) Requirements for extremely small terminal form factor

In certain IoT communication scenarios, such as food traceability, commodity distribution, and smart wearables, terminals require extremely small sizes for convenient use in these environments. For example, IoT terminals used for commodity management in the distribution process typically use electronic tags, embedded in very small packages. Furthermore, lightweight wearable devices can enhance the user experience while meeting user needs.

(3) Extremely low cost IoT communication requirements

Numerous IoT communication scenarios require IoT terminals to be sufficiently inexpensive to enhance their competitiveness compared to other alternative technologies. For example, in logistics or warehousing scenarios, to facilitate the management of large quantities of goods in circulation, IoT terminals can be attached to each item, enabling precise management of the entire logistics process and lifecycle through communication between the terminal and the logistics network. These scenarios necessitate that IoT terminals be priced competitively.

Therefore, in order to cover these unmet IoT communication needs, it is also necessary to develop ultra-low cost, extremely small size, battery-free or maintenance-free IoT in cellular networks, and zero-power IoT can meet this need.

Based on 3GPP's discussion of Ambient IoT application scenarios, Ambient IoT can be used in at least the following four scenarios:

(1) Object recognition, such as logistics, production line product management, and supply chain management;

(2) Environmental monitoring, such as monitoring of temperature, humidity and harmful gases in the working environment and natural environment;

(3) Positioning, such as indoor positioning, intelligent item finding, production line item positioning, etc.;

(4) Intelligent control, such as intelligent control of various electrical appliances in smart homes (turning on and off air conditioners, adjusting temperature), and intelligent control of various facilities in agricultural greenhouses (automatic irrigation, fertilization).

3GPP has discussed and approved a research project on A-IoT, which includes at least two of the following A-IoT device types:

Type 1 A-IoT device: ~1uW peak power consumption, this A-IoT device has energy storage, an initial sampling frequency offset of 10X ppm, no uplink or downlink power amplifiers, and transmits uplink data by backscattering an external carrier. For example, X ranges from 4 to 5, i.e. [4, 5].

The second type of A-IoT device has a peak power consumption of less than several hundred uW, has energy storage, an initial sampling frequency offset of 10X ppm, and may be configured with uplink and/or downlink power amplifiers. Uplink transmission can be generated internally within the A-IoT device (i.e., active transmission) or transmitted by backscattering an external carrier. For example, X ranges from 4 to 5, i.e., [4, 5].

A-IoT mainly considers the following two deployment scenarios/topologies, as shown in Figure 6:

(1) The base station and the A-IoT device directly engage in bidirectional signaling and/or data communication. The base station sending the signal to the A-IoT device and the base station receiving the A-IoT signal may be two different base stations.

(2) The A-IoT device communicates bidirectionally with the intermediate node, which relays signaling and/or data between the BS and the A-IoT device. During the SID discussion phase, the intermediate node was ultimately determined to be the UE (User Equipment) under network control, and the intermediate node is located indoors.

Currently, A-IoT research projects primarily consider two types of services: DT (Device-terminated) and DO-DTT (Device-originated–device-terminated triggered). DT mainly refers to A-IoT terminals performing specific actions via downlink commands, such as issuing a "turn on the air conditioner" command to an A-IoT device in a smart home scenario, which then performs the corresponding operation. DO-DTT mainly refers to A-IoT devices reporting information triggered by downlink commands, typically in warehouse inventory or sensor sensing scenarios. For example, triggering several zero-power tags to report their IDs or sensor data via trigger information.

3. NR Uplink Power Control

In uplink transmission over the NR Uu interface, UEs need to perform power control when sending data to ensure that the received power of uplink signals from each UE is roughly on the same order of magnitude when they reach the base station, thus avoiding mutual interference. In other words, UEs farther from the base station need to use higher transmission power due to greater path loss. Conversely, UEs closer to the base station need to use lower transmission power due to less path loss. If nearby UEs use higher transmission power, the base station may be unable to correctly receive uplink transmissions from distant UEs, a phenomenon known as the near-far effect.

Specifically, for a given UE, the uplink transmission power is determined primarily through two methods: one is open-loop power control. Another approach is closed-loop power control.

For example, the UE's transmit power P = min(P0 + α*PL + offset, Pcmax) dBm. Here, Pcmax is the UE's maximum transmit power. For open-loop power control, P0 + α*PL is the power determined based on open-loop power control, P0 is the target received power, and α is the path loss compensation factor. P0 and α are configured by the network, for example, through RRC (Radio Resource Control) signaling. Therefore, also limited by RRC signaling configuration, the transmit power determined based on open-loop power control is often configured once and used for a relatively long period, making it impossible to frequently adjust the values of P0 and α to control the UE's transmit power. In addition, open-loop power control requires the UE to measure the path loss PL. For example, the UE obtains the downlink received power by measuring the pilot or CSI-RS (Channel-State Information Reference Signal) in the downlink SSB (Synchronization Signal Block), and obtains the path loss PL by subtracting the measured downlink received power from the transmit power indicated to the UE by the base station.

To adjust the UE's transmit power more quickly, the base station can also adjust the UE's transmit power through closed-loop power control, i.e., by indicating a power offset to the UE. This power offset is also called TPC (Transmission Power Control), which is indicated to the UE by the base station via DCI (Downlink Control Information). Specifically, this power offset has two operating modes. In one mode, after receiving the DCI, the UE obtains the power offset and directly uses this offset and the power P0 + α*PL determined based on open-loop power control to calculate the final transmit power according to the formula P = min(P0 + α*PL + offset, Pcmax) dBm. Another operating mode involves the UE receiving the DCI and obtaining the current power offset, denoted as offset2. Assuming power offset1 is the cumulative value of all previously received power offsets (i.e., the sum of all previously received power offsets), the UE first calculates offset = offset1 + offset2. Then, based on the offset and the power P0 + α*PL determined by open-loop power control, it calculates the final transmit power using the formula P = min(P0 + α*PL + offset, Pcmax) dBm. The difference between these two operating modes is that in the first mode, the power offset currently received by the UE directly applies to the power determined by open-loop power control. In the second mode, the power offset currently received by the UE first applies to the cumulative value of all previously received power offsets before applying to the power determined by open-loop power control. It can be understood that in the second mode, the UE needs to store the cumulative value of all previously received power offsets. The first operating mode can be called non-accumulation closed-loop power control, and the second mode can be called accumulation-based closed-loop power control.

4. Power allocation method when a UE simultaneously transmits multiple PSSCHs (Physical Sidelink Shared Channels) or multiple PSFCHs (Physical Sidelink Feedback Channels) in SL (Sidelink).

In SL CA (Carrier Aggregation) scenarios, a UE can transmit multiple PSSCHs simultaneously. In single-carrier or SL CA scenarios, a UE can transmit multiple PSFCHs simultaneously. When a UE transmits multiple PSSCHs or multiple PSFCHs simultaneously, the power of each PSSCH or PSFCH is determined as follows.

Method 1: Assume the terminal transmits PSSCHs simultaneously in the same time slot on carriers 1 to M, where M is an integer greater than 1. One PSSCH is transmitted on each carrier. The terminal first determines the transmission power of each PSSCH. If the sum of the transmission powers of the M PSSCHs is greater than the terminal's maximum transmission power Pcmax, the terminal first adjusts the transmission power of the PSSCH with the highest priority (i.e., lowest priority). If, after adjustment, the sum of the transmission powers of the M PSSCHs is still greater than the maximum transmission power Pcmax, the terminal abandons the transmission of the highest priority PSSCH; otherwise, it proceeds with the transmission of the M PSSCHs. If, after abandoning the transmission of the highest priority PSSCH, the sum of the transmission powers of the remaining M-1 PSSCHs is less than or equal to Pcmax, the terminal proceeds with the transmission of the M-1 PSSCHs. Otherwise, the above process is repeated to continue adjusting the transmission power of the highest priority PSSCH or abandoning its transmission. When multiple PSSCHs have the same priority value, the terminal can choose any one of them for power adjustment or abandon transmission.

Method 2: Assume the terminal simultaneously transmits M PSFCHs on carriers 1 to K, where K is an integer greater than 1, and M is greater than or equal to K, meaning at least one PSFCH is transmitted on each carrier. The maximum number of PSFCHs the terminal can transmit simultaneously is N, where N is an integer greater than 1, and the terminal's maximum transmit power is Pcmax. The terminal first determines the transmit power of each PSFCH. Based on the relationship between M and N, two cases are discussed: Case 1: When M is less than or equal to N, i.e., the terminal's transmit capacity is not exceeded. In this case, if the sum of the transmit powers of the M PSFCHs does not exceed Pcmax, then the M PSFCHs are transmitted. Otherwise, L PSFCHs are selected from the M PSFCHs in ascending order of priority, and these L PSFCHs are transmitted, where L is the maximum value that ensures the sum of the transmit powers of the L PSFCHs does not exceed Pcmax. Case 2: When M is greater than N, i.e., the terminal's transmit capacity is exceeded. In this case, N PSFCHs are selected from the M PSFCHs in ascending order of priority. If the sum of the transmission power of the N PSFCHs does not exceed Pcmax, then the N PSFCHs are transmitted. Otherwise, L PSFCHs are selected from the N PSFCHs in order of priority from low to high, and the L PSFCHs are transmitted, where L is the maximum value that ensures the sum of the transmission power of the L PSFCHs does not exceed Pcmax.

5. Single-tone and multi-tone

When an A-IoT device performs backscattering, the carrier wave provided by the carrier wave node, base station, or intermediate node can be a single-tone carrier or a multi-tone carrier. Please refer to Figure 7, which shows a schematic diagram of the spectrum of an A-IoT device performing backscattering based on single-tone and multi-tone carriers according to an embodiment of this application. Sub-Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the spectrum of an A-IoT device performing backscattering based on a single-tone carrier, and sub-Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the spectrum of an A-IoT device performing backscattering based on a single-tone carrier. A schematic diagram of the spectrum of backscattering from a multi-tone carrier. The advantage of multi-tone over single-tone is that if the channel quality corresponding to a single-tone carrier is poor, it will affect the reception of the modulation waveform backscattered by the tag (equivalent to the A-IoT device mentioned above). However, with a multi-tone carrier, even if the channel quality corresponding to one carrier is poor, the tag can still be backscattered by other carriers, thus ensuring the reliability of A-IoT uplink transmission. However, multi-tone requires the node providing the carrier wave to transmit multiple carrier waves simultaneously, thus requiring the transmission power to be allocated to multiple carrier waves, which may affect the coverage distance of the A-IoT uplink.

Currently, in deployment scenario 1 shown in Figure 6, as shown in sub-Figure 1 of Figure 8, the carrier wave can be provided by the base station or by an independent carrier node. Similarly, in deployment scenario 2 shown in Figure 6, as shown in sub-Figure 2 of Figure 8, the carrier wave can be provided by an intermediate node or by an independent carrier node.

Please refer to Figure 9, which illustrates a schematic diagram of A-IoT device uplink transmission according to an embodiment of this application, corresponding to deployment scenario 2 shown in Figure 6. The tag performs A-IoT uplink transmission to the intermediate node via backscattering. The intermediate node further sends uplink transmission data of Uu to the base station based on the tag's A-IoT uplink transmission. In some embodiments, A-IoT uplink transmission can also be referred to as Device to Reader transmission, i.e., D2R.

Specifically, the carrier wave node needs to provide the tag with an A-IoT uplink carrier, such as a single-frequency sine wave (i.e., a single-tone carrier wave). It can also be a multi-frequency sine wave (i.e., a multi-tone carrier wave). The tag modulates this single-frequency or multi-frequency carrier, for example, using OOK (On-Off Keying) modulation, thereby generating the modulated waveform to be transmitted to intermediate nodes.

For carrier nodes, the power of their transmitted A-IoT uplink carriers needs to be limited. On the one hand, the greater the power of the A-IoT uplink carrier transmitted by the carrier node, the greater the transmission power of the tag's backscattering, and the greater the received power of the modulated waveform received by the intermediate node. If the intermediate node also receives A-IoT uplink transmissions from other tags simultaneously, excessive received power will interfere with the A-IoT uplink transmissions of other tags, i.e., inter-tag uplink transmission interference. On the other hand, as shown in Figure 9, in addition to receiving modulated waveform signals from the tags, intermediate nodes also directly receive carriers from the carrier nodes, such as sine waves. If the carrier node's transmission power is high, this sine wave will interfere with the tag's modulated waveform reception. For example, at a certain frequency point within the bandwidth of the tag's modulated waveform, there will be a received power component corresponding to the sine wave.

When a carrier wave node transmits a multi-tone carrier wave, i.e., simultaneously transmits carriers at multiple frequencies, how to allocate the transmission power of each carrier requires further investigation. Furthermore, if a carrier wave node provides carrier waves for multiple tags simultaneously, how to allocate the transmission power of these multiple carrier waves also requires further study.

Please refer to Figure 10, which shows a flowchart of a power control method provided in one embodiment of this application. The method is executed by a communication device and can be applied to the network architecture shown in Figures 1 and 6. The method may include the following step 1010.

Step 1010: Based on the transmission power of each of the M transmissions, determine N transmissions from the M transmissions, and the transmission power of each of the N transmissions, where M is an integer greater than 1 and N is a positive integer less than or equal to M.

In some embodiments, the above transmission is a carrier wave. Exemplarily, the above transmission is a carrier wave used to provide backscattering for A-IoT devices.

In some embodiments, the communication device is a network device, such as a base station. In some embodiments, the network device provides carriers for backscattering to the A-IoT device. The network device determines N carriers from the M carriers based on the transmission power of each of the M carriers, and the transmission power of each of the N carriers.

In some embodiments, the communication device is a carrier wave node. This carrier wave node can be a terminal device, such as a UE under network control, a base station, or other equipment providing the carrier wave; this application does not limit its scope. Optionally, the carrier wave node can be located indoors or outdoors; this application does not limit its scope. In some embodiments, the carrier wave node provides carriers for backscattering to the A-IoT device. The carrier wave node determines N carriers from the M carriers based on their respective transmission powers, and the transmission powers of the N carriers.

In some embodiments, the communication device is an intermediate node, which can be a terminal device, such as a UE under network control. Optionally, the intermediate node is located indoors. In some embodiments, the intermediate node provides carriers for backscattering to the A-IoT device. The intermediate node determines N carriers from the M carriers based on the transmission power of each of the M carriers, and the transmission power of each of the N carriers.

For example, in deployment scenario 1 shown in Figure 6, as shown in sub-Figure 1 of Figure 8, the communication device can be a base station or a carrier node.

For example, in deployment scenario 2 shown in Figure 6, as shown in sub-Figure 2 of Figure 8, the communication device can be an intermediate node or a carrier node.

In some embodiments, the above transmission is an A-IoT uplink transmission, also known as a Device to Reader transmission, or D2R. An A-IoT uplink transmission can be a transmission from an A-IoT device to a base station, or a transmission from an A-IoT device to an intermediate node.

In some embodiments, for A-IoT uplink transmission scenarios, the communication device is an A-IoT device. The A-IoT device uses a multi-tone approach for uplink transmission. Based on the transmission power of each of the M uplink transmissions, the A-IoT device determines N uplink transmissions from the M uplink transmissions, as well as the transmission power of each of the N uplink transmissions.

In some embodiments, the above transmission is an A-IoT downlink transmission, also known as a Reader-to-Device (R2D) transmission. A-IoT downlink transmission can be a transmission from an intermediate node to an A-IoT device, or a transmission from a base station to an A-IoT device.

In some embodiments, the aforementioned M transmissions may include only carrier waves, only R2D transmissions, or both carrier waves and R2D transmissions. For example, when the communication device is an intermediate node, the intermediate node may send M carrier waves, M R2D transmissions, or M transmissions, and these M transmissions may include J carrier waves and K R2D transmissions, where J + K = M, and J and K are positive integers less than M.

In some embodiments, M transmissions are sent to the same A-IoT device. Taking M transmissions as M carriers, sending M carriers to the same A-IoT device provides the A-IoT device with a multi-tone carrier, which is used for backscattering by the A-IoT device. For example, as shown in sub-Figure 1 of FIG11, when M=6, the recorded wave index is m, and carriers with indices m=1 to m=6 are used for backscattering of tag1, i.e., providing a multi-tone carrier containing 6 carriers to one tag. This method ensures the reliability of A-IoT uplink transmission even when the channel quality corresponding to one carrier is poor, as tag1 can still be backscattered by other carriers.

It should be understood that in this application, the tag can be understood as an implementation of an A-IoT device, and unless otherwise specified, the tag in this application can also be understood as an A-IoT device.

In some embodiments, M transmissions are sent to the same group of A-IoT devices. The M transmissions are illustrated as M carriers. Sending M carriers to the same group of A-IoT devices provides a multi-tone carrier for that group of A-IoT devices. These M carriers are used for backscattering by the group of A-IoT devices. A group of A-IoT devices includes at least two A-IoT devices. For example, as shown in sub-Figure 2 of FIG11, when M=6, the recorded wave index is m. Tag1 and Tag2 can be the same group of A-IoT devices. The carrier with index m=1 is used for backscattering of Tag1 and Tag2, the carrier with index m=2 is used for backscattering of Tag1 and Tag2, ..., the carrier with index m=6 is used for backscattering of Tag1 and Tag2. That is, a multi-tone carrier containing 6 carriers is provided to one group of tags, where for each carrier, Tag1 and Tag2 are backscattered with different frequency offsets. This method allows a group of A-IoT devices to perform backscattering using multiple carriers. Even when the channel quality corresponding to one carrier is poor, the group of A-IoT devices can still perform backscattering using other carriers, thus ensuring the reliability of A-IoT uplink transmission. Furthermore, for each carrier, the multiple A-IoT devices in this group use different frequency offsets for backscattering, avoiding frequency conflicts and improving the reliability of A-IoT uplink transmission.

In some embodiments, M transmissions are sent to multiple A-IoT devices. Taking M transmissions as M carriers, sending M carriers to multiple A-IoT devices means providing single-tone or multi-tone carriers to each A-IoT device. These M carriers are used for backscattering by the multiple A-IoT devices. For example, when M=5, one single-tone carrier and two multi-tone carriers, each containing two carriers, can be provided to the multiple A-IoT devices. For example, as shown in sub-Figure 3 of FIG11, M=6, and the recorded wave index is m. Transmission group 1 includes carriers with indices m=1 and m=2 for backscattering tag 1; transmission group 2 includes carriers with indices m=3 and m=4 for backscattering tag 2; and transmission group 3 includes carriers with indices m=5 and m=6 for backscattering tag 3. That is, three multi-tone carriers are provided to three tags respectively. This method can provide backscattered carriers to multiple A-IoT devices. If a transmission group contains multiple carriers (i.e., multi-tone carriers), and the channel quality corresponding to one carrier in the same transmission group is poor, the A-IoT device can still use other carriers in the same transmission group for backscattering, thus improving the reliability of A-IoT uplink transmission. For example, for transmission group 1, assuming the channel quality corresponding to the carrier with index m=1 is poor, tag1 can use the carrier with index m=2 for backscattering, thereby ensuring the reliability of tag1's uplink transmission.

In this application, a transmission group is used to describe transmissions sent to the same or a group of A-IoT devices, such as carriers sent to the same or a group of A-IoT devices. Alternatively, a transmission group may also be called a transmission set or other names, which are not limited in this application.

In some embodiments, M transmissions are sent to multiple groups of A-IoT devices. The M transmissions are described as M carriers. Sending M carriers to multiple groups of A-IoT devices means providing single-tone or multi-tone carriers to each group of A-IoT devices. These M carriers are used for backscattering by the multiple groups of A-IoT devices. Each group of A-IoT devices includes at least two A-IoT devices. For example, as shown in sub-Figure 4 of FIG11, M = 6, and the recorded wave index is m. Transmission group 1 includes carriers with indices m = 1 and m = 2 for backscattering tag1 and tag2; transmission group 2 includes carriers with indices m = 3 and m = 4 for backscattering tag3 and tag4; and transmission group 3 includes carriers with indices m = 5 and m = 6 for backscattering tag5 and tag6. That is, three multi-tone carriers are provided to the three groups of tags respectively. For each carrier, the tags within the same A-IoT device group are backscattered with different frequency offsets. This method can provide backscattered carriers for multiple groups of A-IoT devices. If a transmission group contains multiple carriers, i.e., multi-tone carriers, when the channel quality corresponding to one carrier in the same transmission group is poor, the A-IoT devices in that group can still use other carriers in the same transmission group for backscattering, improving the reliability of A-IoT uplink transmission. Furthermore, for each carrier, the multiple A-IoT devices in that group use different frequency offsets for backscattering, avoiding frequency conflicts and further improving the reliability of A-IoT uplink transmission. For example, for transmission group 1, assuming the channel quality corresponding to the carrier with index m=1 is poor, tag1 and tag2 can use the carrier with index m=2 for backscattering, thereby ensuring the reliability of uplink transmission for that group of tags.

In some embodiments, when a group of A-IoT devices performs frequency offset on a carrier, backscattering can be performed using FDM (Frequency Division Multiplexing). FDM technology allows multiple signals to be transmitted simultaneously at different frequencies, avoiding signal distortion. This reduces interference between signals, thereby improving the reliability of A-IoT uplink transmission.

Because the transmission power of the communication equipment is limited, step 1010 above is explained in two cases based on the relationship between the sum of the transmission powers of the M transmissions and the maximum transmission power of the communication equipment. Case 1 is that the sum of the transmission powers of the M transmissions is greater than the maximum transmission power of the communication equipment; Case 2 is that the sum of the transmission powers of the M transmissions is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication equipment.

Case 1: When the sum of the transmission powers of the M transmissions is greater than the maximum transmission power of the communication device: The N transmissions include all or part of the M transmissions, and the transmission power of each transmission is less than or equal to the transmission power of the corresponding transmission.

By sending all or part of M transmissions, and ensuring that the transmission power of each transmission is less than or equal to the corresponding transmission power, the transmission power of the communication device can be ensured not to exceed the limit by controlling the number of transmissions and the transmission power.

The following describes two specific implementation methods for determining N transmissions from M transmissions.

Method 1

Based on the transmission power of each of the M transmissions, adjust the transmission power of at least one of the M transmissions, and/or discard at least one of the M transmissions, and finally determine the N transmissions and their respective transmission powers.

In some embodiments, during the determination of the N transmissions, the transmission power of each transmission needs to be adjusted. Therefore, among the final N transmissions, there may be transmissions with transmission power lower than their corresponding transmission power. For example, assuming that the transmission power corresponding to index m=1 is adjusted, then the transmission power of the transmission with index m=1 is less than the transmission power corresponding to the transmission with index m=1. The transmission power of the N-1 transmissions that are not adjusted is their respective corresponding transmission power.

In some embodiments, the communication device adjusts the transmission power of a transmission in each round, and then determines whether to abandon the adjusted transmission based on the relationship between the sum of the transmission powers of the multiple adjusted transmissions and the maximum transmission power of the communication device.

For example, suppose there are M transmissions with indices m ranging from 1 to M, and P_{_m} represents the transmission power of each transmission. If the sum of the transmission powers of the M transmissions... Greater than the maximum transmit power P _{_cmax} of the communication equipment, i.e. The communication device then selects one transmission from the M transmissions. For example, the communication device selects the transmission with index m = 1. The communication device adjusts the transmission power corresponding to the transmission with index m = 1. If the sum of the adjusted transmission powers of the M transmissions is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication device, then the M transmissions are selected as N transmissions, where the transmission power of the transmission with index m = 1 is the adjusted transmission power, and the transmission powers of the remaining M-1 transmissions (excluding the transmission with index m = 1) are their respective transmission powers. Otherwise (i.e., the sum of the adjusted transmission powers of the M transmissions is greater than the maximum transmission power of the communication device), the transmission with index m = 1 is abandoned, and the above steps are repeated for the remaining M-1 transmissions to determine whether the sum of the transmission powers of the remaining M-1 transmissions is greater than the maximum transmission power of the communication device. If the sum of the transmission powers of the remaining M-1 transmissions is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication device, then the M-1 transmissions are selected as N transmissions, where the transmission powers of the M-1 transmissions are their respective transmission powers. Otherwise (i.e., the sum of the transmission powers of the remaining M-1 transmissions is greater than the maximum transmission power of the communication device), the communication device selects one transmission from these M-1 transmissions. For example, the communication device selects the transmission with index m=2. The communication device adjusts the transmission power corresponding to the transmission with index m=2. If the sum of the adjusted transmission powers of the M-1 transmissions is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication device, then these M-1 transmissions are selected as N transmissions, where the transmission power of the transmission with index m=2 is the adjusted corresponding transmission power, and the transmission powers of the remaining M-2 transmissions are their respective corresponding transmission powers. This process is repeated until the sum of the transmission powers of the remaining transmissions is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication device. The remaining transmissions that meet this condition are selected as N transmissions, and the transmission power of each of these N transmissions is determined.

As can be seen from the above process, in each round of the above steps, if the sum of the transmission power corresponding to each transmission is greater than the maximum transmission power of the communication device, then it is necessary to adjust the transmission power corresponding to one of the transmissions or abandon that transmission, so that the sum of the transmission power corresponding to each transmission is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication device.

It should be understood that the method by which the communication device adjusts the transmission power corresponding to the transmission may depend on the implementation of the communication device, and this application does not limit this. For example, the communication device adjusts the transmission power based on a pre-configured adjustment step size; or, the communication device adjusts the transmission power based on a pre-configured adjustment value or adjustment level.

The above method, by adjusting or discarding at least one of the M transmissions, ensures that the sum of the transmission powers of the adjusted transmissions is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication device. This ensures that the transmission power sent to the A-IoT device is not too high, reducing interference to the uplink transmissions of multiple A-IoT devices. Furthermore, it reduces the receiving interference of the modulation waveform on the A-IoT device. For example, when the communication device is a carrier node, it reduces the carrier interference of that carrier node to intermediate nodes, thereby reducing the receiving interference of intermediate nodes to the modulation waveform of the A-IoT device and ensuring the reliability of the uplink transmission of the A-IoT device.

The following describes how a communication device determines which transmissions need to have their transmission power adjusted or which should be abandoned in each round. This application provides the following possible implementation methods.

In method A, at least one of the above transmissions is determined based on the priority values corresponding to each of the M transmissions.

In some embodiments, the priority value corresponding to a transmission refers to the priority value of the A-IoT device corresponding to that transmission for A-IoT uplink transmission. For example, as shown in sub-Figure 1 of FIG11, the A-IoT device corresponding to the carrier with index m=1 is tag1, and the priority value corresponding to the carrier with index m=1 refers to the priority value of tag1 for A-IoT uplink transmission using that carrier.

It should be understood that in this application, a higher priority value indicates a lower priority, and a lower priority value indicates a higher priority.

In some embodiments, multiple transmissions within the same transmission group have the same priority value. For example, as shown in sub-Figure 1 of FIG11, since carriers with indices m=1 to m=6 are transmitted to the same tag1, these carriers are considered to be in the same group. The priority values corresponding to these carriers are the same, all equal to the priority value for A-IOT uplink transmission in tag1. Similarly, exemplarily, as shown in sub-Figure 3 of Figure 11, the carriers with indices m=1 and m=2 in transmission group 1 are used for backscattering of tag1, the carriers with indices m=3 and m=4 in transmission group 2 are used for backscattering of tag2, and the carriers with indices m=5 and m=6 in transmission group 3 are used for backscattering of tag3. Therefore, the carriers with indices m=1 and m=2 have the same priority value, which is equal to the priority value of tag1 for A-IOT uplink transmission; the carriers with indices m=3 and m=4 have the same priority value, which is equal to the priority value of tag2 for A-IOT uplink transmission; and the carriers with indices m=5 and m=6 have the same priority value, which is equal to the priority value of tag3 for A-IOT uplink transmission.

In some embodiments, when a transmission within a transmission group is used for backscattering of a group of A-IoT devices, and the priority values for A-IoT uplink transmissions of that group of A-IoT devices are the same, then the priority value corresponding to the transmission within the transmission group is the same as the priority value for A-IoT uplink transmissions of that group of A-IoT devices. For example, as shown in sub-Figure 2 of FIG11, since carriers with indices m=1 to m=6 are sent to the same group of A-IoT devices (tag1 and tag2), and tag1 and tag2 have the same priority value for uplink transmissions, then the priority values of carriers with indices m=1 to m=6 are each the same.

In some embodiments, when a transmission within a transmission group is used for backscattering of a group of A-IoT devices, and the priority values for A-IoT uplink transmission of the group of A-IoT devices are different, then the priority value corresponding to the transmission within the transmission group is the maximum or minimum value among the priority values for A-IoT uplink transmission of multiple A-IoT devices. For example, as shown in sub-Figure 4 of FIG11, transmission group 1 includes carriers with indices m=1 and m=2. The carrier with index m=1 is used for backscattering of tag1 and tag2, and the carrier with index m=2 is also used for backscattering of tag1 and tag2. The priority values of tag1 and tag2 for A-IOT uplink transmission are 0 and 1, respectively. Then, the priority values of the carrier with index m=1 and the carrier with index m=2 can be the lowest priority value among the priority values of tag1 and tag2 for A-IOT uplink transmission, i.e., both are 0. The priority values of the carrier with index m=1 and the carrier with index m=2 can also be the highest priority value among the priority values of tag1 and tag2 for A-IOT uplink transmission, i.e., both are 1. This application does not limit this.

As shown in sub-figures 2 and 4 of Figure 12, when the communication device is a carrier node, the corresponding priority value is indicated to the carrier node by the network device through first information, or the corresponding priority value is indicated to the carrier node by the intermediate node through second information. Exemplarily, the aforementioned first information can be carried through PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) or PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), and this application does not limit this. Exemplarily, the aforementioned second information can be carried through PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) or PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel), and this application does not limit this.

As shown in sub-figure 1 of Figure 12, when the communication device is a network device, the transmission priority value is known to the network device and does not require indication. As shown in sub-figure 3 of Figure 12, when the communication device is an intermediate node, the transmission priority value is known to the intermediate node and does not require indication.

In some embodiments, the communication device determines a transmission in each round and adjusts the transmission power corresponding to that transmission. For each round, the determined transmission has the highest priority value. When there are multiple transmissions with the highest priority values, one of them can be randomly selected. For example, as shown in sub-Figure 3 of FIG11, M=6, the recorded wave index is m, the carriers with indices m=1 and m=2 in transmission group 1 are used for backscattering of tag1, the carriers with indices m=3 and m=4 in transmission group 2 are used for backscattering of tag2, and the carriers with indices m=5 and m=6 in transmission group 3 are used for backscattering of tag3. The priority values of the D2R transmissions of tag1, tag2, and tag3 are 0, 1, and 2, respectively. Therefore, the priority values corresponding to the carriers with indices m=1 to m=6 are 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, and 2, respectively. If the higher the priority value, the lower the priority, then the communication device preferentially adjusts or abandons the carrier with index m=5 or 6. For example, if a carrier with index m=1 or m=2 is used for backscattering of tag1 and tag2, and the priority values of D2R transmissions of tag1 and tag2 are 0 and 1 respectively, then the priority values of carriers with index m=1 and m=2 are both 0 or both 1. This method, by adjusting or abandoning the transmission power of transmissions with higher priority values first, helps ensure uplink transmission of A-IoT devices with lower priority values (i.e., higher priority).

In method B, at least one of the above transmissions is randomly determined from M transmissions.

For example, as shown in sub-Figure 3 of FIG11, M=6, carriers with indices m=1 and m=2 in transmission group 1 are used for backscattering of tag 1, carriers with indices m=3 and m=4 in transmission group 2 are used for backscattering of tag 2, and carriers with indices m=5 and m=6 in transmission group 3 are used for backscattering of tag 3. The communication device can randomly determine a carrier from the carriers with indices m=1 to m=6, such as the carrier with index m=1, and adjust its transmission power or abandon the transmission. This method of randomly determining the transmission to be adjusted in terms of transmission power facilitates operation and increases the randomness of the system.

In method C, at least one of the above transmissions is determined based on the transmission groups to which each of the M transmissions belongs.

In some embodiments, the communication device determines a transmission for power adjustment in each round, and the transmissions determined in each round during one traversal belong to different transmission groups. As shown in sub-Figure 3 of Figure 11, transmissions in the same transmission group are sent to the same A-IoT device, and as shown in sub-Figure 4 of Figure 11, transmissions in the same transmission group are sent to the same group of A-IoT devices.

For example, as shown in sub-Figure 3 of Figure 11, carriers with indices m=1 and m=2 in transmission group 1 are used for backscattering of tag 1; carriers with indices m=3 and m=4 in transmission group 2 are used for backscattering of tag 2; and carriers with indices m=5 and m=6 in transmission group 3 are used for backscattering of tag 3. That is, there are three transmission groups. First, in the first round, a transmission from transmission group 1 that requires power adjustment can be determined; in the second round, a transmission from transmission group 2 that requires power adjustment can be determined; and in the third round, a transmission from transmission group 3 that requires power adjustment can be determined. For example, if the communication device adjusts the power of the carrier corresponding to index m=1 or abandons the transmission of the carrier with index m=1 in the first round, then in the second round, only carriers with indices m=3 to m=6 can be selected. Assuming that the transmission of the carrier with m=3 is adjusted or abandoned in the second round, then in the third round, only carriers with indices m=5 or m=6 can be selected. This method ensures that each A-IoT device or group of A-IoT devices has at least one transmission for its backscatter, thus ensuring the reliability of uplink transmission on A-IoT devices.

In method D, the number of at least one transmission is determined based on the number of transmissions contained in each of the at least one transmission group.

In some embodiments, the communication device determines a transmission in each round, where the transmission group to which that transmission belongs contains the largest number of transmissions in each round. For example, M=6, transmission group 1 contains carriers with indices m=1 and m=2 for backscattering tag1, transmission group 2 contains carriers with indices m=3 for backscattering tag2, and transmission group 3 contains carriers with indices m=4, m=5, and m=6 for backscattering tag3. First, in the first round, transmission groups 1, 2, and 3 contain 2, 1, and 3 carriers, respectively. Since transmission group 3 contains the largest number of carriers, a transmission whose transmission power needs adjustment can be determined from transmission group 3. In the second round, transmission groups 1, 2, and 3 contain 2, 1, and 2 carriers, respectively. Since transmission groups 1 and 3 contain the same number of transmissions, a transmission whose transmission power needs adjustment can be determined from either transmission group 1 or transmission group 3, such as from transmission group 1. In the third round, transmission groups 1, 2, and 3 contain 1, 1, and 2 carriers, respectively. Since transmission group 3 contains the largest number of transmissions, it is possible to identify the transmission from group 3 that requires power adjustment. This method ensures that each A-IoT device or each group of A-IoT devices has at least one transmission for its backscattering, guaranteeing the reliability of uplink transmissions on A-IoT devices.

Method 2

Choose N transmissions from M transmissions, and the transmission power of each transmission is equal to the transmission power of the corresponding transmission, where N is the maximum value that makes the sum of the transmission powers of the N transmissions less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication device.

In this method, no power adjustment is required during the determination of the N transmissions, so the transmission power is equal to the corresponding transmission power.

If when N = n, the sum of the transmission powers of the n transmissions is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication device, and when N = n+1, the sum of the transmission powers of the n+1 transmissions is greater than the maximum transmission power of the communication device, then N is determined to be n, where n is a positive integer.

The above method determines N transmissions from M transmissions, with each transmission having the corresponding transmission power. This method reduces the number of transmissions, ensuring that the communication device's transmission power does not exceed its maximum transmission power limit. This guarantees that subsequent transmissions to A-IoT devices will not be too powerful, reducing interference to the uplink transmissions of multiple A-IoT devices. Furthermore, it reduces reception interference to the modulation waveforms of A-IoT devices. For example, when the communication device is a carrier node, it reduces carrier interference from that carrier node to intermediate nodes, thereby reducing reception interference of the intermediate nodes to the modulation waveforms of the A-IoT devices and ensuring the reliability of uplink transmissions on A-IoT devices.

In some embodiments, N transmissions are randomly selected from M transmissions. Please refer to the above text for the method of random selection.

In some embodiments, the N transmissions are selected based on the priority values corresponding to the M transmissions. For more information on priority values, please refer to the above text.

In some embodiments, the N transmissions are selected in ascending order of priority value corresponding to the M transmissions.

In some embodiments, N transmissions with the lowest priority values can be selected from M transmissions for transmission. For example, as shown in sub-Figure 3 of FIG11, M=6, the recorded wave index is m, the carriers with indices m=1 and m=2 in transmission group 1 are used for backscattering tag1, the carriers with indices m=3 and m=4 in transmission group 2 are used for backscattering tag2, and the carriers with indices m=5 and m=6 in transmission group 3 are used for backscattering tag3. The priority values of the D2R transmissions for tag1, tag2, and tag3 are 0, 1, and 2, respectively. Therefore, the priority values corresponding to the carriers with indices m=1 to m=6 are 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, and 2, respectively. If a higher priority value indicates a lower priority, the communication device selects N carriers in the order of index m = 1 to index m = 6. N is the maximum value that makes the sum of the transmission powers of the N carriers less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication device. If the sum of the transmission powers of the carriers from index m = 1 to index m = 4 is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication device, and the sum of the transmission powers of the carriers from index m = 1 to index m = 5 is greater than the maximum transmission power of the communication device, then N is determined to be 4, that is, the carriers from index m = 1 to index m = 4 will be transmitted. The transmission powers of the carriers from index m = 1 to index m = 4 are their respective transmission powers.

The above method, by selecting M transmissions in ascending order of their respective priority values, can ensure the reliability of uplink transmissions from A-IoT devices with lower priority values (i.e., higher priority).

In some embodiments, N transmissions are selected by traversing at least one transmission group according to the transmission groups to which the M transmissions belong.

In some embodiments, N transmissions are obtained by sequentially traversing at least one transmission group, selecting one transmission from each transmission group at a time. For example, as shown in sub-figure 3 of FIG11, M = 6, the index of the recorded wave is m, and transmission group 1 includes transmissions with indices m = 1 and m = 2. The carrier is used for backscattering in tag1. The carriers with indices m=3 and m=4 in transmission group 2 are used for backscattering in tag2. The carriers with indices m=5 and m=6 in transmission group 3 are used for backscattering in tag3. The communication device can traverse these three transmission groups in the order of transmission group 1, transmission group 2, and transmission group 3. The resulting transmission sequence is: carrier with index m=1, carrier with index m=3, carrier with index m=5, carrier with index m=2, carrier with index m=4, and carrier with index m=6. The communication device selects N carriers in sequence, where N is the maximum value such that the sum of the transmission powers of the N carriers is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication device. If the sum of the transmission powers of the carriers with index m=1, m=3, m=5, and m=2 is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication device, and the sum of the transmission powers of the carriers with index m=1, m=3, m=5, m=2, and m=4 is greater than the maximum transmission power of the communication device, then N is determined to be 4. That is, the carriers with index m=1, m=3, m=5, and m=2 will be transmitted. The transmission powers of the carriers with index m=1, m=3, m=5, and m=2 are respectively their corresponding transmission powers.

The above method iterates through at least one transmission group to select from the M transmissions, ensuring that each A-IoT device or each group of A-IoT devices has at least one transmission for its backscattering, thus guaranteeing the reliability of uplink transmissions on A-IoT devices.

In some embodiments, N transmissions are selected from at least one transmission group based on the transmission group to which each of the M transmissions belongs and the priority value corresponding to each of the M transmissions; wherein, transmissions in the same transmission group are sent to the same A-IoT device or the same group of A-IoT devices.

In some embodiments, N transmissions are determined by sequentially traversing at least one transmission group, selecting one transmission from one transmission group each time, and then determining the priority value corresponding to the unselected transmission among the M transmissions.

For example, as shown in sub-figure 3 of Figure 11, M=6, the recorded wave index is m, the carriers with indices m=1 and m=2 in transmission group 1 are used for backscattering of tag1, the carriers with indices m=3 and m=4 in transmission group 2 are used for backscattering of tag2, and the carriers with indices m=5 and m=6 in transmission group 3 are used for backscattering of tag3. Assuming the priority values of D2R transmission for tag1, tag2, and tag3 are 2, 1, and 0 respectively, then the priority values corresponding to the carriers with indices m=1 to m=6 are 2, 2, 1, 1, 0, and 0 respectively. First, the communication device can traverse these three transmission groups in the order of transmission group 1, transmission group 2, and transmission group 3. The traversed sequence is the carrier with index m=1, the carrier with index m=3, the carrier with index m=5, the carrier with index m=2, the carrier with index m=4, and the carrier with index m=6. After the communication device selects carriers with indices m=1, m=3, and m=5, if the sum of the transmission powers of these carriers is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication device, then the communication device selects the remaining M carriers (m=2, m=4, and m=6) from the transmission list according to their respective priority values in ascending order. The carriers with indices m=2, m=4, and m=6 are then ordered according to their respective priority values in ascending order as carriers with indices m=6, m=4, and m=2. When N is 4, the communication device determines to transmit carriers with indices m=1, 3, 5, and 6, where the transmission power of each carrier (m=1, m=3, m=5, and m=6) is its corresponding transmission power. Understandably, assuming N equals 2, the communication device only transmits the carrier with index m=1 and the carrier with index m=3, and there is no need to select the carrier according to the priority value.

The above method first iterates through the transmission groups, then selects N transmissions from M transmissions based on priority values. When N is less than or equal to the number of transmission groups, it can ensure that each A-IoT device or each group of A-IoT devices has at least one transmission for its backscattering. When N is greater than the number of transmission groups, it can ensure that each A-IoT device or each group of A-IoT devices has at least one transmission for its backscattering, and then provides backscattering transmissions for A-IoT devices with lower priority values (i.e., higher priority), which can further ensure the reliability of uplink transmissions for A-IoT devices with lower priority values.

In some embodiments, N transmissions are obtained by sequentially traversing at least one transmission group according to priority values, selecting one transmission from a transmission group each time.

In some embodiments, at least one transmission group is traversed in ascending order of priority value, and a transmission is selected from one transmission group at a time. For example, as shown in sub-Figure 3 of FIG11, M=6, the wave index is m, the carriers with indices m=1 and m=2 in transmission group 1 are used for backscattering tag1, the carriers with indices m=3 and m=4 in transmission group 2 are used for backscattering tag2, and the carriers with indices m=5 and m=6 in transmission group 3 are used for backscattering tag3. Assuming the priority values of the D2R transmissions of tag1, tag2, and tag3 are 0, 1, and 2 respectively, the priority values corresponding to the carriers with indices m=1 to m=6 are 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, and 2 respectively. Therefore, traversing these three transmission groups in ascending order of priority value yields the sequence: carrier with index m=1, carrier with index m=3, carrier with index m=5, carrier with index m=2, carrier with index m=4, and carrier with index m=6. The communication device selects N carriers in sequence, where N is the maximum value such that the sum of the transmission powers of the N carriers is less than the maximum transmission power of the communication device. If the sum of the transmission powers of the carriers with index m=1, m=3, m=5, and m=2 is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication device, and if the sum of the transmission powers of the carriers with index m=1, m=3, m=5, m=2, and m=4 is greater than the maximum transmission power of the communication device, then N is determined to be 4. That is, the carriers with index m=1, m=3, m=5, and m=2 will be transmitted. The transmission powers of the carriers with index m=1, m=3, m=5, and m=2 are respectively their corresponding transmission powers.

The above method iterates through multiple transmission groups based on priority values. When N is small, such as less than the number of transmission groups, it can ensure the transmission of A-IoT devices with lower priority values as much as possible. When N is large, such as greater than the number of transmission groups, it ensures that each A-IoT device or each group of A-IoT devices has at least one transmission for its backscattering, and then prioritizes providing backscattering transmissions to A-IoT devices with lower priority values, which can further guarantee the reliability of uplink transmissions of A-IoT devices with lower priority values.

Scenario 2: When the sum of the transmission powers of the M transmissions is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication device: Since the sum of the transmission powers of the M transmissions does not exceed the transmission power limit of the communication device, the communication device can transmit the M transmissions. That is, the N transmissions include the M transmissions, and the transmission power of each transmission is equal to its corresponding transmission power.

The technical solution provided in this application effectively limits the transmission power of the communication device by determining N transmissions from M transmissions and the transmission power of each of the N transmissions. On the one hand, it can reduce the interference of uplink transmission between multiple A-IoT devices. On the other hand, it can reduce the interference of the transmission on the modulation signal that backscatters to the A-IoT device, thus ensuring the reliability of uplink transmission of the A-IoT device.

The following embodiments of this application describe the specific implementation of determining the transmission power.

In some embodiments, the M transmissions each have the same transmission power, or at least two of the M transmissions have different transmission powers.

When the M transmissions are used to send to the same A-IoT device or the same group of A-IoT devices, the transmission power of each of the M transmissions is the same.

For example, as shown in sub-figures 1 and 2 of Figure 11, M = 6, and the transmission powers corresponding to the carriers with indices m = 1 to m = 6 are _P1 , _P2 , _P3 , _P4 , _P5 , and _P6 , respectively, where _P1 = _P2 = _P3 = _P4 = _P5 = _P6 .

When the M transmissions are used to send to different A-IoT devices or multiple groups of A-IoT devices, at least two of the M transmissions have different transmission powers.

For example, as shown in sub-figure 3 of FIG11, M=6, and the transmission powers corresponding to the carriers with indices m=1 to m=6 are _P1 , _P2 , _P3 , _P4 , _P5 , and _P6 , respectively. Since the carriers with indices m=1 and m=2 in transmission group 1 are used for backscattering of tag1, _P1 = _P2 ; since the carriers with indices m=3 and m=4 in transmission group 2 are used for backscattering of tag2, _P3 = _P4 ; since the carriers with indices m=5 and m=6 in transmission group 3 are used for backscattering of tag3, _P5 = _P6 , where _P1 , _P3 , and _P5 are different.

For example, as shown in sub-Figure 4 of FIG11, M=6, and the transmission powers corresponding to the carriers with indices m=1 to m=6 are _P1 , _P2 , _P3 , _P4 , _P5 , and _P6 , respectively. Since the carriers with indices m=1 and m=2 included in transmission group 1 are used for backscattering of tag1 and tag2, _P1 = _P2 . Since the carriers with indices m=3 and m=4 included in transmission group 2 are used for backscattering of tag3 and tag4, _P3 = _P4 . Since the carriers with indices m=5 and m=6 included in transmission group 3 are used for backscattering of tag5 and tag6, _P5 = _P6 . Among these, _P1 , _P3 , and _P5 are different.

In some embodiments, the transmission power corresponding to the transmission is determined according to at least one of the following: a first parameter and a second parameter, wherein the first parameter is a power value specified by configuration or standard, determined by the communication device, or determined according to path loss, and the second parameter is a power offset.

Path loss refers to the attenuation and loss of a signal during propagation due to factors such as the transmission medium and distance.

In some embodiments, as shown in sub-figures 2 and 4 of FIG12, when the communication device is a carrier node, the first parameter can be a power value configured by the network device, a pre-configured power value, a standard-specified power value, a power value implemented by the carrier node, or a power value determined based on the first path loss. As shown in sub-figure 2 of FIG12, the first path loss includes the path loss between the carrier node and the network device. As shown in sub-figure 4 of FIG12, the first path loss includes the path loss between the carrier node and the network device, and/or the path loss between the carrier node and an intermediate node, where the intermediate node is used for information relay between the A-IoT device and the network device.

For example, as shown in sub-Figure 2 of Figure 12, the first path loss can be denoted as PL, where PL = Tx_Power - Rx_Power. Tx_Power can be the transmit power of the base station, for example, indicated to the carrier node by the first information. Rx_Power can be the received power of the transmitted signal from the network device measured by the carrier node, for example, the received power corresponding to the first information. As shown in sub-Figure 4 of Figure 12, the first path loss can also be denoted as PL, where PL = Tx_Power - Rx_Power. Tx_Power can be the transmit power of the intermediate node, for example, indicated to the carrier node by the second information. Rx_Power can be the received power of the transmitted signal from the intermediate node measured by the carrier node, for example, the received power corresponding to the second information.

The first parameter can be determined in various ways to adapt to different communication environments and requirements.

In some embodiments, as shown in sub-Figure 3 of FIG12, when the communication device is an intermediate node, the intermediate node is used for information relay between the A-IoT device and the network device; the first parameter is a power value configured by the network device; or, the first parameter is a pre-configured power value; or, the first parameter is a power value specified by a standard; or, the first parameter is a power value that depends on the intermediate node; or, the first parameter is a power value determined according to a second path loss, the second path loss including: the path loss between the intermediate node and the network device, and/or, the path loss between the intermediate node and the A-IoT device.

For example, as shown in sub-Figure 3 of Figure 12, the second path loss can be denoted as PL, where PL = Tx_Power - Rx_Power, and Tx_Power can be the transmission power of the base station, which can be indicated to the intermediate node through the first information, for example, and Rx_Power can be the power measured by the intermediate node. The received power of the transmitted signal from the network device, for example, the received power corresponding to the first information. For example, the second path loss is the path loss between the intermediate node and the A-IoT device, which can be denoted as PL, where PL = Tx_Power - Rx_Power, and Tx_Power is the transmitted power of the intermediate node, and Rx_Power is the received power measured and reported by the A-IoT device.

In some embodiments, such as the non-accumulation-based closed-loop power control described above, the power offset is a first power offset indicated by the network device or intermediate node.

For example, offset i represents the first power offset indicated for the i-th time, which can be used as the power offset, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

In some embodiments, such as the accumulation-based closed-loop power control described above, the power offset is the sum of a first power offset indicated by the network device or intermediate node and a power offset calculated on the communication device in the previous step.

For example, the sum of the power offsets calculated in the previous calculation is the cumulative value of the first power offsets previously received by the communication device. n takes the value i-1, where i is an integer greater than or equal to 2. When i = 2, the sum of the previously calculated power offsets is offset 1, and the power offset offset = offset 2 + offset 1. When i > 2, the power offset...

In some embodiments, as shown in sub-Figure 1 of FIG12, when the communication device is a network device (such as a base station), the transmission power corresponding to the transmission depends on the power value implemented by the network device. In some embodiments, as shown in sub-Figure 2 of FIG12, when the communication device is a carrier node, the first power offset is indicated by the network device to the carrier node through first information. Exemplarily, the aforementioned first information can be carried through PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) or PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), and this application does not limit it in this way.

In the above method, the first parameter can be denoted as P _initial , the second parameter as offset, the transmission power corresponding to the transmission as P _m , and the maximum transmission power of the carrier node as P _cmax .

In some embodiments, P _{_m} = P _{_initial} + offset;

In some embodiments, P _{_m} = min(P _{_initial} + offset, P _{_cmax} ).

In some embodiments, as shown in sub-Figure 4 of FIG12, when the communication device is a carrier node, the first power offset is indicated to the carrier node by the intermediate node through the second information. The first power offset can also be indicated to the carrier node by the network device through the first information. Exemplarily, the aforementioned second information can be carried through PSSCH (Physical Sidelink Shared Channel) or PSCCH (Physical Sidelink Control Channel), and this application does not limit its use. Exemplarily, the aforementioned first information can be carried through PDSCH (Physical Downlink Shared Channel) or PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel), and this application does not limit its use.

In the above method, the first parameter can be denoted as P _initial , the second parameter as offset, the transmission power corresponding to the transmission as P _m , and the maximum transmission power of the carrier node as P _cmax .

In some embodiments, P _{_m} = P _{_initial} + offset;

In some embodiments, P _{_m} = min(P _{_initial} + offset, P _{_cmax} ).

In some embodiments, as shown in sub-Figure 3 of FIG12, when the communication device is an intermediate node, the first power offset is indicated to the intermediate node by the network device through the first information. The first information can be carried by the PDSCH or the PDCCH, and this application does not limit it.

In the above method, the first parameter can be denoted as P _initial , the second parameter as offset, the transmission power corresponding to the transmission as P _m , and the maximum transmission power of the intermediate node as P _cmax .

In some embodiments, P _{_m} = P _{_initial} + offset;

In some embodiments, P _{_m} = min(P _{_initial} + offset, P _{_cmax} ).

In summary, the technical solution provided in this application allows for the determination of the corresponding transmission power using both the first and second parameters. The network device indicates a first power offset to the intermediate node or carrier node via first information, and the intermediate node indicates the first power offset to the carrier node via second information. The second parameter can then be determined based on the first power offset. This method fully leverages the adjustment function of the second parameter, ensuring that the transmission power is fine-tuned based on the first parameter to adapt to changes during A-IoT uplink transmission. For example, when interference exists during A-IoT transmission, the transmission power can be reduced using the second parameter. When the A-IoT device is far from the communication device during A-IoT transmission, the transmission power can be increased using the second parameter to ensure reliable signal transmission. Furthermore, there are multiple ways to indicate the first and second parameters, allowing for flexible selection based on specific circumstances, which helps ensure system performance in different scenarios.

The following are embodiments of the apparatus of this application. For details not described in detail in the embodiments of the apparatus of this application, please refer to the embodiments of the method of this application.

Please refer to Figure 13, which shows a block diagram of a power control device according to an embodiment of this application. This device has the function of implementing the power control method described above; the function can be implemented in hardware or by hardware executing corresponding software. This device can be the communication device described above, or it can be installed within a communication device. The device 1300 may include a processing module 1310.

The processing module is used to determine N transmissions from the M transmissions based on the transmission power corresponding to each of the M transmissions, and the transmission power of each of the N transmissions, where M is an integer greater than 1 and N is a positive integer less than or equal to M.

In some embodiments, the M transmissions are sent to the same A-IoT device; or, the M transmissions are sent to the same group of A-IoT devices; or, the M transmissions are sent to multiple A-IoT devices; or, the M transmissions are sent to multiple groups of A-IoT devices.

In some embodiments, when the sum of the transmission powers corresponding to the M transmissions is greater than the maximum transmission power of the communication device, the N transmissions include all or part of the M transmissions, and the transmission power of the transmissions is less than or equal to the transmission power corresponding to the transmission.

In some embodiments, the processing module 1310 is configured to adjust the transmission power of at least one of the M transmissions according to the transmission power of each of the M transmissions, and/or discard at least one of the M transmissions, and finally determine the N transmissions and the transmission power of each of the N transmissions.

In some embodiments, the at least one transmission is determined according to the priority value corresponding to each of the M transmissions; or, the at least one transmission is randomly determined from the M transmissions; or, the at least one transmission is determined according to the transmission group to which each of the M transmissions belongs; or, the at least one transmission is determined according to the number of transmissions contained in each of the at least one transmission group; wherein, transmissions in the same transmission group are sent to the same A-IoT device or the same group of A-IoT devices.

In some embodiments, the processing module 1310 is configured to select N transmissions from the M transmissions, and the transmission power of the transmission is the transmission power corresponding to the transmission, wherein N is a maximum value such that the sum of the transmission powers corresponding to the N transmissions is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication device.

In some embodiments, the N transmissions are randomly selected from the M transmissions; or, the N transmissions are selected according to the priority values corresponding to the M transmissions; or, the N transmissions are selected by traversing at least one transmission group according to the transmission group to which the M transmissions belong; or, the N transmissions are selected by traversing at least one transmission group according to the transmission group to which the M transmissions belong and the priority values corresponding to the M transmissions; wherein, transmissions in the same transmission group are sent to the same A-IoT device or the same group of A-IoT devices.

In some embodiments, the N transmissions are selected according to the priority values corresponding to the M transmissions, including: the N transmissions are selected in ascending order of the priority values corresponding to the M transmissions.

In some embodiments, the N transmissions are selected from at least one transmission group based on the transmission group to which the M transmissions belong, including: the N transmissions are obtained by sequentially traversing the at least one transmission group and selecting one transmission from one transmission group each time.

In some embodiments, the N transmissions are selected from at least one transmission group based on the transmission group to which each of the M transmissions belongs and the priority value corresponding to each of the M transmissions. This includes: the N transmissions are selected by sequentially traversing the at least one transmission group, selecting one transmission from one transmission group each time, and then determining the N transmissions based on the priority value corresponding to the unselected transmissions among the M transmissions; or, the N transmissions are obtained by sequentially traversing the at least one transmission group according to the priority value, selecting one transmission from one transmission group each time.

In some embodiments, when the sum of the transmission powers corresponding to the M transmissions is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication device, the N transmissions include the M transmissions, and the transmission power of each transmission is the transmission power corresponding to that transmission.

In some embodiments, the M transmissions each have the same transmission power, or at least two of the M transmissions have different transmission powers.

In some embodiments, the transmission power corresponding to the transmission is determined according to at least one of the following: a first parameter and a second parameter, wherein the first parameter is a power value specified by configuration or standard, determined by the communication device, or determined according to path loss, and the second parameter is a power offset.

In some embodiments, the communication device is a carrier node; the first parameter is a power value configured by the network device; or, the first parameter is a pre-configured power value; or, the first parameter is a power value specified by a standard; or, the first parameter depends on the power value implemented by the carrier node; or, the first parameter is a power value determined based on a first path loss, the first path loss including: the path loss between the carrier node and the network device, and/or, the path loss between the carrier node and an intermediate node, the intermediate node being used for information relay between the A-IoT device and the network device.

In some embodiments, the communication device is an intermediate node used for information relay between the A-IoT device and the network device; the first parameter is a power value configured by the network device; or, the first parameter is a pre-configured power value; or, the first parameter is a power value specified by a standard; or, the first parameter depends on the power value implemented by the intermediate node; or, the first parameter is a power value determined according to a second path loss, the second path loss including: the path loss between the intermediate node and the network device, and/or, the path loss between the intermediate node and the A-IoT device.

In some embodiments, the power offset is a first power offset indicated by the network device or intermediate node; or, the power offset is the sum of the first power offset indicated by the network device or intermediate node and the power offset calculated on the communication device in the previous step.

It should be noted that the above embodiments only illustrate the division of the above functional modules when implementing the device. In actual applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules according to actual needs, that is, the content structure of the device can be divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above.

Regarding the apparatus in the above embodiments, the specific manner in which each module performs its operation has been described in detail in the embodiments related to the method, and will not be elaborated upon here. For details not described in detail in the apparatus embodiments, please refer to the above method embodiments.

Please refer to Figure 14, which shows a schematic diagram of a communication device provided in one embodiment of this application. The communication device 1400 may include a processor 1401, a transceiver 1402, and a memory 1403. The transceiver 1402 is used to implement sending or receiving functions. The processor 1401 can be used to implement other processing functions or control sending and/or receiving, such as implementing the functions of the processing module 1310 described above.

The processor 1401 includes one or more processing cores, and the processor 1401 executes various functional applications and information processing by running software programs and modules.

The transceiver 1402 may include a receiver and a transmitter, for example, the receiver and transmitter may be implemented as the same wireless communication component, which may include a wireless communication chip and a radio frequency antenna.

The memory 1403 can be connected to the processor 1401 and the transceiver 1402.

The memory 1403 can be used to store a computer program executed by the processor, and the processor 1401 is used to execute the computer program to implement the various steps performed by the communication device in the above method embodiments.

In some embodiments, the processor 1401 is configured to determine N transmissions from the M transmissions based on the transmission power corresponding to each of the M transmissions, and the transmission power of each of the N transmissions, where M is an integer greater than 1 and N is a positive integer less than or equal to M.

For details not described in this embodiment, please refer to the embodiments above, which will not be repeated here.

Furthermore, the memory can be implemented by any type of volatile or non-volatile storage device or a combination thereof, including but not limited to: magnetic disks or optical disks, electrically erasable programmable read-only memory, erasable programmable read-only memory, statically accessible memory, read-only memory, magnetic memory, flash memory, and programmable read-only memory.

This application embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for execution by a processor to implement the power control method described above. In some embodiments, the computer-readable storage medium may include ROM (Read-Only Memory), RAM (Random-Access Memory), SSD (Solid State Drives), or optical disc, etc. The random access memory may include ReRAM (Resistance Random Access Memory) and DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory).

This application also provides a chip, which includes programmable logic circuits and/or program instructions, and is used to implement the above-described power control method when the chip is running.

This application also provides a computer program product, which includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor reads and executes the computer instructions from the computer-readable storage medium to implement the power control method described above.

It should be understood that the term "instruction" mentioned in the embodiments of this application can be a direct instruction, an indirect instruction, or an indication of a relationship. For example, A instructing B can mean that A directly instructs B, such as B being able to obtain information through A; it can also mean that A indirectly instructs B, such as A instructing C, so B can obtain information through C; or it can mean that there is a relationship between A and B.

In the description of the embodiments of this application, the term "correspondence" may indicate that there is a direct or indirect correspondence between two things, or that there is an association between two things, or that there is a relationship of instruction and being instructed, configuration and being configured, etc.

In some embodiments of this application, "predefined" can be achieved by pre-storing corresponding codes, tables, or other means that can be used to indicate relevant information in the device (e.g., including terminal devices and network devices). This application does not limit the specific implementation method. For example, predefined can refer to what is defined in the protocol.

In some embodiments of this application, the term "protocol" may refer to standard protocols in the field of communications, such as LTE protocols, NR protocols, and related protocols applied in future communication systems. This application does not limit the scope of these protocols.

In this article, "multiple" refers to two or more. "And/or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and/or B can represent: A alone, A and B simultaneously, or B alone. The character "/" generally indicates that the preceding and following related objects have an "or" relationship.

In this article, "greater than or equal to" can mean greater than or equal to, and "less than or equal to" can mean less than or equal to.

Furthermore, the step numbers described herein are merely illustrative of one possible execution order between steps. In some other embodiments, the steps may not be executed in the order of their numbers, such as two steps with different numbers being executed simultaneously, or two steps with different numbers being executed in the reverse order of the illustration. This application does not limit this.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in one or more of the examples above, the functions described in the embodiments of this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, these functions can be stored in a computer-readable medium or Transmitted as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media and communication media, wherein communication media include any medium that facilitates the transmission of computer programs from one place to another. Storage media can be any available medium that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

The above description is merely an exemplary embodiment of this application and is not intended to limit this application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of this application should be included within the protection scope of this application.

Claims (21)

A power control method, characterized in that the method is executed by a communication device, the method comprising: Based on the transmission power of each of the M transmissions, determine N transmissions from the M transmissions, and determine the transmission power of each of the N transmissions, where M is an integer greater than 1 and N is a positive integer less than or equal to M. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The M transmissions are sent to the same A-IoT device; or... The M transmissions are sent to the same group of A-IoT devices; or... The M transmissions are sent to multiple A-IoT devices; or... The M transmissions are sent to multiple groups of A-IOT devices. The method according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that, when the sum of the transmission powers corresponding to the M transmissions is greater than the maximum transmission power of the communication device, the N transmissions include all or part of the M transmissions, and the transmission power of the transmission is less than or equal to the transmission power corresponding to the transmission. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, determining N transmissions from the M transmissions based on the transmission power corresponding to each of the M transmissions, and the transmission power of each of the N transmissions, includes: Based on the transmission power corresponding to each of the M transmissions, adjust the transmission power corresponding to at least one of the M transmissions, and/or abandon at least one of the M transmissions, and finally determine the N transmissions and their respective transmission powers. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that, The at least one transmission is determined based on the priority value corresponding to each of the M transmissions; or... The at least one transmission is randomly determined from the M transmissions; or, The at least one transmission is determined based on the transmission group to which each of the M transmissions belongs; or, The number of transmissions is determined based on the number of transmissions contained in each of the at least one transmission group; Within the same transmission group, transmissions are sent to the same A-IoT device or the same group of A-IoT devices. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that, determining N transmissions from the M transmissions based on the transmission power corresponding to each of the M transmissions, and the transmission power of each of the N transmissions, includes: N transmissions are selected from the M transmissions, and the transmission power of each transmission is the transmission power corresponding to that transmission, where N is the maximum value that makes the sum of the transmission powers of the N transmissions less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication device. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that, The N transmissions are randomly selected from the M transmissions; or, The N transmissions are selected based on the priority values corresponding to the M transmissions; or... The N transmissions are selected by traversing at least one transmission group according to the transmission group to which the M transmissions belong; or, The N transmissions are selected by traversing from at least one transmission group according to the transmission group to which each of the M transmissions belongs and the priority value corresponding to each of the M transmissions. Within the same transmission group, transmissions are sent to the same A-IoT device or the same group of A-IoT devices. The method according to claim 7, wherein the selection of the N transmissions based on the priority values corresponding to the M transmissions includes: the N transmissions being selected in ascending order of the priority values corresponding to the M transmissions. The method according to claim 7, wherein the N transmissions are selected from at least one transmission group according to the transmission group to which each of the M transmissions belongs, includes: the N transmissions are obtained by sequentially traversing the at least one transmission group and selecting one transmission from one transmission group each time. According to the method of claim 7, the N transmissions are selected by traversing from at least one transmission group based on the transmission group to which each of the M transmissions belongs and the priority value corresponding to each of the M transmissions, including: The N transmissions are determined by sequentially traversing the at least one transmission group, selecting one transmission from one transmission group each time, and then determining the priority value corresponding to the unselected transmission among the M transmissions. or, The N transmissions are obtained by sequentially traversing the at least one transmission group according to the priority value, selecting one transmission from a transmission group each time. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 10 is characterized in that, when the sum of the transmission powers corresponding to the M transmissions is less than or equal to the maximum transmission power of the communication device, the N transmissions include the M transmissions, and the transmission power of the transmission is the transmission power corresponding to the transmission. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11 is characterized in that the M transmissions each have the same transmission power, or at least two of the M transmissions have different transmission powers. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the transmission power corresponding to the transmission is based on at least one of the following One parameter is determined: a first parameter and a second parameter, wherein the first parameter is a power value specified by configuration or standard, or determined by the communication device or based on path loss, and the second parameter is a power offset. According to the method of claim 13, the communication device is a carrier node; The first parameter is a power value configured by the network device; or, The first parameter is a pre-configured power value; or, The first parameter is the power value specified by the standard; or, The first parameter depends on the power value achieved by the carrier node; or, The first parameter is a power value determined based on the first path loss, which includes the path loss between the carrier node and the network device, and/or the path loss between the carrier node and an intermediate node, wherein the intermediate node is used for information relay between the A-IoT device and the network device. According to the method of claim 13, the communication device is an intermediate node, which is used for information relay between the A-IoT device and the network device; The first parameter is a power value configured by the network device; or, The first parameter is a pre-configured power value; or, The first parameter is the power value specified by the standard; or, The first parameter depends on the power value achieved by the intermediate node; or, The first parameter is a power value determined based on the second path loss, which includes the path loss between the intermediate node and the network device, and/or the path loss between the intermediate node and the A-IoT device. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that, The power offset is a first power offset indicated by the network device or intermediate node; or, The power offset is the sum of the first power offset indicated by the network device or intermediate node and the power offset calculated on the communication device in the previous step. A power control device, characterized in that the device comprises: The processing module is used to determine N transmissions from the M transmissions based on the transmission power corresponding to each of the M transmissions, and the transmission power of each of the N transmissions, where M is an integer greater than 1 and N is a positive integer less than or equal to M. A communication device, characterized in that the communication device includes a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program, the processor executing the computer program to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 16. A computer-readable storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium stores a computer program for execution by a processor to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 16. A chip, characterized in that the chip includes programmable logic circuitry and/or program instructions, which, when the chip is running, are used to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 16. A computer program product, characterized in that the computer program product includes computer instructions stored in a computer-readable storage medium, and a processor reads from the computer-readable storage medium and executes the computer instructions to implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 16.