WO2025231605A1

WO2025231605A1 - Radio resource management (rrm) relaxation based on using a multi-radio user equipment

Info

Publication number: WO2025231605A1
Application number: PCT/CN2024/091388
Authority: WO
Inventors: Jie Cui; Fangli Xu; Qiming Li; Sigen Ye; Yang Tang; Dawei Zhang; Xiang Chen
Original assignee: Apple Inc
Current assignee: Apple Inc
Priority date: 2024-05-07
Filing date: 2024-05-07
Publication date: 2025-11-13
Anticipated expiration: 2026-11-07

Abstract

The present application relates to radio resource management (RRM) relaxation based on using multiple radios of a user equipment (UE). In an example, the UE includes a main radio (MR) and a low-power wake-up radio (LP-WUR). The MR can be configured to measure reference signals of a serving cell and a neighbor cell using a non-relaxed measurement mode and/or a relaxed measurement mode. The LP-WUR can be configured to measure reference signals of the serving cell. While the MR is disabled, serving cell measurements of reference signals received by the L-WUR can be generated. Upon the MR being woken up, a decision can be made as to whether the non-relaxed measurement mode or the relaxed measurement mode is to be used for serving cell measurements and/or neighbor cell measurements. The measurements modes of the serving cell and neighbor cell can be different.

Description

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (RRM) RELAXATION BASED ON USING A MULTI-RADIO USER EQUIPMENT

BACKGROUND

Fifth generation mobile network (5G) is a wireless standard that aims to improve upon data transmission speed, reliability, availability, and more. This standard, while still developing, includes numerous details related to, for instance, a user equipment (UE) communicating with a network to send and receive data. In an example, the UE can operate in different modes to reduce its power consumption and switch between the modes based on signaling from the network.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a network environment in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a multi-radio user equipment (UE) in communication with a network in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of multiple measurement modes available to perform cell measurements in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of using a measurement mode upon a radio of a multi-radio UE being woken up in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 5 illustrates another example of using a measurement mode upon a radio of a multi-radio UE being woken up in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a measurement mode determination for a radio of a multi-radio UE in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 7 illustrates another example of a measurement mode determination for a radio of a multi-radio UE with some embodiments.

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of an operational flow/algorithmic structure for using a measurement mode in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of an operational flow/algorithmic structure for configuring usage of a measurement mode in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example of low-power wake-up signal (LP-WUS) monitoring in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example of using conditions for enabling and disabling LP-WUS monitoring in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example of conditions for LP-WUS monitoring in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 13 illustrates another example of a condition for LP-WUS monitoring in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example of an operational flow/algorithmic structure for LP-WUS monitoring in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of an operational flow/algorithmic structure for LP-WUS monitoring in in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 16 illustrates an example of receive components in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a UE in accordance with some embodiments.

FIG. 18 illustrates an example of a base station in accordance with some embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to, among other things, radio resource management (RRM) relaxation based on using multiple radios of a user equipment (UE) . In an example, the UE includes a low-power wake-up radio (LP-WUR) and a main radio (MR) . The LP-WUR may represent a first radio that is configured to use lower power than the MR (e.g., a second radio) . The UE can support multiple measurement modes including a first measurement mode (which can be referred to herein as a non-relaxed measurement mode) and a second measurement mode (which can be referred to herein as a relaxed measurement mode) . Relative to the first measurement mode, the second measurement mode enables a longer measurement time period and/or a longer time interval between measurements of reference signals. The MR can be configured to support the measurement modes, whereas the LP-WUR can be configured to only support a subset of the measurement modes (e.g., only the first measurement mode) .

In an example, the MR is disabled (e.g., powered OFF, in a sleep state, in a standby state, or any other state in which the MR does not receive reference signals and/or does not process such reference signals if received) . While the MR is disabled, the LP-WUR is enabled (e.g., powered ON, in an active state, or any other state in which the LP-WUR can receive and process reference signals) . The LP-WUR can receive a first reference signal of a serving cell (e.g., low power synchronization signal (LP-SS) or synchronization signal block (SSB) reference signal (RS) ) . A first measurement of the first reference signal can be generated. Based on the first measurement, the MR can be woken up (e.g., powered ON, transitioned or in transition to an active state, or any other state in which the MR can receive and process reference signals) . A second reference signal of the serving cell can be received by the MR. Based on a number of factors (e.g., including a default setting, a measurement configuration, the first measurement, a measurement threshold comparison, and/or the operational state of the LP-WUR, among other factors) , one of the multiple measurement modes is selected for generating a second measurement of the second reference signal. The second measurement can then be generated by using the selected measurement mode (e.g., the first non-relaxed measurement mode or the second relaxed measurement mode) . By selecting and using a measurement mode, the quality of the measurements can be maintained while improving throughput and/or power consumption of the UE.

The following detailed description refers to the accompanying drawings. The same reference numbers may be used in different drawings to identify the same or similar elements. In the following description, for purposes of explanation and not limitation, specific details are set forth, such as particular structures, architectures, interfaces, techniques, etc. in order to provide a thorough understanding of the various aspects of various embodiments. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art having the benefit of the present disclosure that the various aspects of the various embodiments may be practiced in other examples that depart from these specific details. In certain instances, descriptions of well-known devices, circuits, and methods are omitted so as not to obscure the description of the various embodiments with unnecessary detail. For the purposes of the present document, the phrase “A or B” means (A) , (B) , or (A and B) .

The following is a glossary of terms that may be used in this disclosure.

The term “circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes hardware components such as an electronic circuit, a logic circuit, a processor (shared, dedicated, or group) or memory (shared, dedicated, or group) , an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable device (FPD) (e.g., a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) , a programmable logic device (PLD) , a complex PLD (CPLD) , a high-capacity PLD (HCPLD) , a structured ASIC, or a programmable system-on-a-chip (SoC) ) , digital signal processors (DSPs) , etc., that are configured to provide the described functionality. In some embodiments, the circuitry may execute one or more software or firmware programs to provide at least some of the described functionality. The term “circuitry” may also refer to a combination of one or more hardware elements (or a combination of circuits used in an electrical or electronic system) with the program code used to carry out the functionality of that program code. In these embodiments, the combination of hardware elements and program code may be referred to as a particular type of circuitry.

The term “processor circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes circuitry capable of sequentially and automatically carrying out a sequence of arithmetic or logical operations, or recording, storing, or transferring digital data. The term “processor circuitry” may refer an application processor, baseband processor, a central processing unit (CPU) , a graphics processing unit, a single-core processor, a dual-core processor, a triple-core processor, a quad-core processor, or any other device capable of executing or otherwise operating computer-executable instructions, such as program code, software modules, or functional processes. The term “processor circuitry” may be used synonymously with the term “processing circuitry. ”

The term “interface circuitry” as used herein refers to, is part of, or includes circuitry that enables the exchange of information between two or more components or devices. The term “interface circuitry” may refer to one or more hardware interfaces, for example, buses, I/O interfaces, peripheral component interfaces, network interface cards, or the like.

The term “user equipment” or “UE” as used herein refers to a device with radio communication capabilities and may describe a remote user of network resources in a communications network. The term “user equipment” or “UE” may be considered synonymous to, and may be referred to as, client, mobile, mobile device, mobile terminal, user terminal, mobile unit, mobile station, mobile user, subscriber, user, remote station, access agent, user agent, receiver, radio equipment, reconfigurable radio equipment, reconfigurable mobile device, etc. Furthermore, the term “user equipment” or “UE” may include any type of wireless/wired device or any computing device including a wireless communications interface.

The term “computer system” as used herein refers to any type interconnected electronic devices, computer devices, or components thereof. Additionally, the term “computer system” or “system” may refer to various components of a computer that are communicatively coupled with one another. Furthermore, the term “computer system” or “system” may refer to multiple computer devices or multiple computing systems that are communicatively coupled with one another and configured to share computing or networking resources.

The term “resource” as used herein refers to a physical or virtual device, a physical or virtual component within a computing environment, or a physical or virtual component within a particular device, such as computer devices, mechanical devices, memory space, processor/CPU time, processor/CPU usage, processor and accelerator loads, hardware time or usage, electrical power, input/output operations, ports or network sockets, channel/link allocation, throughput, memory usage, storage, network, database and applications, workload units, or the like. A “hardware resource” may refer to compute, storage, or network resources provided by physical hardware element (s) . A “virtualized resource” may refer to compute, storage, or network resources provided by virtualization infrastructure to an application, device, system, etc. The term “network resource” or “communication resource” may refer to resources that are accessible by computer devices/systems via a communications network. The term “system resources” may refer to any kind of shared entities to provide services, and may include computing or network resources. System resources may be considered as a set of coherent functions, network data objects or services, accessible through a server where such system resources reside on a single host or multiple hosts and are clearly identifiable.

The term “channel” as used herein refers to any transmission medium, either tangible or intangible, which is used to communicate data or a data stream. The term “channel” may be synonymous with or equivalent to “communications channel, ” “data communications channel, ” “transmission channel, ” “data transmission channel, ” “access channel, ” “data access channel, ” “link, ” “data link, ” “carrier, ” “radio-frequency carrier, ” or any other like term denoting a pathway or medium through which data is communicated. Additionally, the term “link” as used herein refers to a connection between two devices for the purpose of transmitting and receiving information.

The term “connected” may mean that two or more elements, at a common communication protocol layer, have an established signaling relationship with one another over a communication channel, link, interface, or reference point.

The term “information element” refers to a structural element containing one or more fields. The term “field” refers to individual contents of an information element, or a data element that contains content. An information element may include one or more additional information elements.

FIG. 1 illustrates a network environment 100, in accordance with some embodiments. The network environment 100 may include a UE 104 and a gNB 108. The gNB 108 may be a base station or a set of transmission and reception points (TRPs) thereof and may provide a wireless access cell; for example, a Third-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) New Radio (NR) cell, through which the UE 104 may communicate with the gNB 108. This base station may be a component of a network (e.g., a 3GPP NR cellular network) . The UE 104 and the gNB 108 may communicate over an interface compatible with 3GPP technical specifications, such as those that define Fifth-Generation (5G) NR system standards.

The gNB 108 may transmit information (for example, data and control signaling) in the downlink direction by mapping logical channels on the transport channels, then transport channels onto physical channels. The logical channels may transfer data between a radio link control (RLC) and media access control (MAC) layers; the transport channels may transfer data between the MAC and PHY layers; and the physical channels may transfer information across the air interface. The physical channels may include a physical broadcast channel (PBCH) ; a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) ; and a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) .

The PBCH may be used to broadcast system information that the UE 104 may use for initial access to a serving cell. The PBCH may be transmitted along with physical synchronization signals (PSS) and secondary synchronization signals (SSS) in a synchronization signal (SS) /PBCH block. The SS/PBCH blocks (SSBs) may be used by the UE 104 during a cell search procedure and for beam selection.

The PDSCH may be used to transfer end-user application data, signaling radio bearer (SRB) messages, system information messages (other than, for example, MIB) , and paging messages.

The PDCCH may transfer downlink control information (DCI) that is used by a scheduler of the gNB 108 to allocate both uplink and downlink resources. The DCI may also be used to provide uplink power control commands, configure a slot format, or indicate that preemption has occurred.

The gNB 108 may also transmit various reference signals to the UE 104. The reference signals may include demodulation reference signals (DMRSs) for the PBCH, PDCCH, and PDSCH. The UE 104 may compare a received version of the DMRS with a known DMRS sequence that was transmitted to estimate an impact of the propagation channel. The UE 104 may then apply an inverse of the propagation channel during a demodulation process of a corresponding physical channel transmission.

The reference signals may also include CSI-RS. The CSI-RS may be a multi-purpose downlink transmission that may be used for CSI reporting, beam management, connected mode mobility, radio link failure detection, beam failure detection and recovery, and fine-tuning of time and frequency synchronization.

The reference signals and information from the physical channels may be mapped to resources of a resource grid. There is one resource grid for a given antenna port, subcarrier spacing configuration, and transmission direction (for example, downlink or uplink) . The basic unit of an NR downlink resource grid may be a resource element, which may be defined by one subcarrier in the frequency domain, and one orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol in the time domain. Twelve consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain may compose a physical resource block (PRB) . A resource element group (REG) may include one PRB in the frequency domain, and one OFDM symbol in the time domain, for example, twelve resource elements. A control channel element (CCE) may represent a group of resources used to transmit PDCCH. One CCE may be mapped to a number of REGs; for example, six REGs.

Transmissions that use different antenna ports may experience different radio channels. However, in some situations, different antenna ports may share common radio channel characteristics. For example, different antenna ports may have similar Doppler shifts, Doppler spreads, average delay, delay spread, or spatial receive parameters (for example, properties associated with a downlink received signal angle of arrival at a UE) . Antenna ports that share one or more of these large-scale radio channel characteristics may be said to be quasi co-located (QCL) with one another. 3GPP has specified four types of QCL to indicate which particular channel characteristics are shared. In QCL Type A, antenna ports share Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, and delay spread. In QCL Type B, antenna ports share Doppler shift and Doppler spread. In QCL Type C, antenna ports share Doppler shift and average delay. In QCL Type D, antenna ports share spatial receiver parameters.

The gNB 108 may provide transmission configuration indicator (TCI) state information to the UE 104 to indicate QCL relationships between antenna ports used for reference signals (for example, synchronization signal/PBCH or CSI-RS) and downlink data or control signaling (for example, PDSCH or PDCCH) . The gNB 108 may use a combination of RRC signaling, MAC control element signaling, and DCI, to inform the UE 104 of these QCL relationships.

The UE 104 may transmit data and control information to the gNB 108 using physical uplink channels. Different types of physical uplink channels are possible, including a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) . Whereas the PUCCH carries control information from the UE 104 to the gNB 108, such as uplink control information (UCI) , the PUSCH carries data traffic (e.g., end-user application data) and can carry UCI.

In an example, communications with the gNB 108 can use channels in the frequency range 1 (FR1) band and/or frequency range 2 (FR2) band, although other frequency ranges are possible. The FR1 band includes a licensed band and an unlicensed band. The NR unlicensed band (NR-U) includes a frequency spectrum that is shared with other types of radio access technologies (RATs) (e.g., LTE-LAA, WiFi, etc. ) . A listen-before-talk (LBT) procedure can be used to avoid or minimize collision between the different RATs in the NR-U, whereby a device applies a clear channel assessment (CCA) check before using the channel.

The UE 104 can be located within a network coverage. In particular, the gNB 108 may provide the network coverage with signaling (e.g., which may be carried by one or more beams) . The network coverage may represent a cell or a portion of the cell that the gNB 108 provides. The network coverage may provide network connections to multiple UEs, similar to the UE 104. These UEs may communicate with the gNB 108 on both the uplink and the downlink based on channels available to them when the UEs are in the network coverage.

In an example, the UE 104 supports carrier aggregation (CA) , whereby the UE 104 can connect and exchange data simultaneously over multiple component carriers (CCs) with the gNB 108. The CCs can belong to the same frequency band, in which case they are referred to as intra-band CCs. Intra-band CCs can be contiguous or non-contiguous. The CCs can also belong to different frequency bands, in which case they are referred to as inter-band CCs. A serving cell can be configured for the UE 104 to use a CC. A serving cell can be a primary (PCell) , a primary secondary cell (PSCell) , or a secondary cell (SCell) . Multiple SCells can be activated via an SCell activation procedures where the component carriers of these serving cells can be intra-band contiguous, intra-band noon-contiguous, or inter-band. The serving cells can be collocated or non-collocated.

The UE 104 can also support dual connectivity (DC) , where it can simultaneously transmit and receive data on multiple CCs from two serving nodes or cell groups (a master node (MN) and a secondary node (SN) ) . DC capability can be used with two serving nodes operating in the same RAT or in different RATs (e.g., an MN operating in NR, while an SN operates in LTE) . These different DC modes include, for instance, evolved-universal terrestrial radio access-new radio (EN) -DC, NR-DC, and NE-DC (the MN is a NR gNB and the SN is an LTE eNB) .

As further described in the next figures, the gNB 108 can send a reference signal 120 to the UE 104. The reference signal 120 can be associated with a serving cell or a neighbor cell. The UE 104 can be a multi-radio UE (e.g., by including an MR and an LP-WUR) and can be configured to support multiple measurement modes 112 including a non-relaxed measurement mode and a relaxed measurement mode. Based on the same reference signal 120, a single measurement or multiple measurements can be generated using one or more of the measurement modes 112. Based on a different reference signal (e.g., associated with a different cell) , a single measurement or multiple measurements can be generated using one or more of the measurement modes 112 (which may, but need not, be different from the measurement mode (s) used in measuring the reference signal 120) . These measurements are shown as reference signal measurements 114 in FIG. 1 and can be performed as part of a cell detection, a cell measurement, and/or a cell evaluation.

The reference signal 120 (and other reference signals) can be sent based on a configuration of the UE 104. The gNB 108 can indicate at least a part of the configuration by sending configuration information the UE 104. Further, the configuration information can indicate different parameters to select the relevant measurement mode (s) to use for performing the reference signal measurement (s) . This configuration information can be sent based on LP-WUR capability 110 of the UE 104. In particular, the UE 104 can send capability information to the gNB 108 (e.g., in an information element) , where the capability information can indicate that the UE supports LW-WUR operations (or is a multi-radio UE) and/or supports measurement relaxation.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example 200 of a multi-radio UE 210 in communication with a network 220 in accordance with some embodiments. The multi-radio UE 210 is an example of the UE 104. The network 220 can include a base station (not shown, but similar to the gNB 108) . The communication can be via the base station.

The multi-radio UE 210 includes a main radio (MR) 212 and a low-power wake-up radio (LP-WUR) 214. The MR 212 and the LP-WUR 214 can be implemented separately (e.g., do not share hardware components) or can share one or more hardware resources (e.g., share at least a portion of a radio frequency (RF) chain, such as receive antennas, and/or a portion of a processing circuitry, such as a processor and/or a memory) . The LP-WUR 214 can have lower radio capabilities and can use lower power than the MR 212. The MR 212 can be configured for radio resource management (RRM) functionalities, data reception and transmission, and/or control reception and transmission. As part of the RRM functionalities, the MR 212 can measure reference signals of a serving cell and a neighbor cell in a plurality of measurement modes, including a non-relaxed measurement mode (which can also be referred to as a legacy measurement mode) and a relaxed measurement mode (which can be referred to as a non-legacy measurement mode) . In comparison, the LP-WUR 214 can be configured to support a more limited set of functionalities, among which is measuring reference signals of a serving cell but not a neighbor cell and using a subset of the plurality of measurement modes (e.g., in the non-relaxed measurement mode but not the relaxed measurement mode) . Further, the reference signals measurable by the LP-WUR 214 can be different from those measurable by the MR 212.

As further illustrated in FIG. 2, the network 220 (e.g., the base station, one or more TRPs thereof, and/or one or more base stations) can send legacy reference signals 222 to the UE 210. These legacy reference signals 222 can include SSB reference signals (or other reference signals, such as CSI-RS) of a serving cell and/or a neighbor cell. The main radio 212 can receive (e.g., the corresponding RF chain) the legacy reference signals 222 to then perform measurements (e.g., the corresponding processing circuitry) on the legacy reference signals 222.

Similarly, the network 220 (e.g., the base station, one or more TRPs thereof, and/or one or more base stations) can send legacy reference signals 224 to the UE 210. These legacy reference signals 224 can include SSB reference signals (or other reference signals, such as CSI-RS) of a serving cell. Although illustrated as being separate, the legacy reference signals 222 and 224 can be the same. The LP-WUR 214 can receive (e.g., the corresponding RF chain) the legacy reference signals 224 to then perform measurements (e.g., the corresponding processing circuitry) on the legacy reference signals 224.

Further, the network 220 (e.g., the base station, one or more TRPs thereof, and/or one or more base stations) can send non-legacy reference signals 226 to the UE 210. These non-legacy reference signals 226 can correspond to LP-WUR specific reference signals and can include low-power wake-up signals (LP-WUSs) and/or low-power synchronization signals (LP-SSs) . The non-legacy reference signal 226 can correspond to the serving cell. The LP-WUR 214 can receive (e.g., the corresponding RF chain) the non-legacy reference signals 226 to then perform measurements (e.g., the corresponding processing circuitry) on the non-legacy reference signals 226.

The multi-radio UE 210 can operate in different RRC modes. In the RRC_IDLE and/or RRC_INACTIVE modes, procedure and configuration of LP-WUS can be specified indicating paging monitoring triggered by LP-WUS, including at least configuration, sub-grouping and entry/exit condition for LP-WUS monitoring. LP-SS can be specified with periodicity ( “Y” milliseconds, where “Y” can start at 320ms) for the LP-WUR 214, for synchronization and/or RRM for serving cell. LP-SS can be based on on-off keying-1 (OOK-1) and/or OOK-4 waveform with or without overlaid orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) sequences. Further down selection between with and without overlaid OFDM sequences can be done. If the LP-WUR 214 that can receive a legacy primary synchronization signal (PSS) and/or a legacy secondary synchronization signal (SSS) , the legacy PSS and/or SSS can be used for synchronization and RRM instead of LP-SS. RRM relaxation can be specified for the MR 212 for both serving and neighbor cell measurements, and UE serving cell RRM measurement offloaded from the MR 212 to the LP-WUR 214 including the necessary conditions.

For RRM measurement performed by an LP-WUR based on an LP-SS, a UE can satisfy measurement accuracy based on “X” LP-SS samples within a period “Y” which is comparable to the length of I-DRX cycle (RRC_IDLE mode discontinuous reception) that is larger or equal to 1.28 seconds. Network overhead and network power consumption are considered.

Further, multi-beam operations can be supported for LP-WUS and LP-SS for idle mode. PP-WUS occasions (LOs) can be defined for LP-WUS monitoring. Each LO has one or more LP-WUS monitoring occasions (MOs) , where the UE can monitor for LP-WUS transmission in each of the LP-WUS MOs. Different LP-WUS MOs may correspond to different beams in multi-beam operation. Whether or not each LO is defined as a time window that covers the corresponding LP-WUS Mos may be possible. The UE can also monitor LOs with a configured periodicity. eDRX (extended DRX) may be supported.

FIG. 3 illustrates an example of multiple measurement modes available to perform cell measurements in accordance with some embodiments. Two measurement modes are illustrated: a non-relaxed measurement mode 301 and a relaxed measurement mode 302. In each of the measurement modes, a UE (e.g., the multi-radio UE 210) can perform a measurement on a reference signal within a measurement time period (also referred to as a measurement period) , where the measurement needs to be completed before an expiration of the measurement time period. The measurement time period can be a time period for cell detection, cell measurement, and/or cell evaluation. Further, in each of the measurement modes, the UE can repeat the measuring after a measurement time interval (also referred to as a time interval) .

Generally, the relaxed measurement mode 302 enables a relaxation level relative to the non-relaxed measurement mode 301. The relaxation level (also referred to as RRM relaxation) can be for any of the measurement time period and/or the measurement time interval. For example, the measurement time period and/or the measurement time interval can become longer (e.g., each increased by a scaling factor that is larger than one, where a scaling factor can be the same for both the measurement time period and measurement time interval, or where each one of the measurement time period and measurement time interval can be associated with a corresponding scaling factor) .

In an example, the non-relaxed measurement mode 301 enables a first measurement time period 310 and a first measurement time interval 320. The first measurement time period 310 repeats after each first measurement time interval 320.

In comparison, the relaxed measurement mode 302 enables a second measurement time period 350 and a second measurement time interval 360. The second measurement time period 350 repeats after each second measurement time interval 350.

The second measurement time period 350 is relaxed relative to the first measurement time period 310 (e.g., made longer by using a first scaling factor that is larger than one) . Additionally, or alternatively, the second measurement time interval 360 is relaxed relative to the first measurement time interval 320 (e.g., made longer by using a second scaling factor that is larger than one) . The first and second scaling factors can, but need not, be the same.

With a single-radio UE (e.g., a UE that only includes an MR and excludes an LP-WUR) , no relaxation is enabled (e.g., only the non-relaxed measurement mode 301 can be used) for measurements on a serving cell (e.g., for cell detection, cell measurement, and or cell evaluation) . In comparison, for measurements on a neighbor cell (e.g., for cell detection, cell measurement, and or cell evaluation) , relaxation can be enabled (e.g., the relaxed measurement mode 302 may be used) based on the measurements on the serving cell. Such relaxations are described in 3GPP TS 38.133, V18.5.0 (2024-03) , the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.

With a multi-radio UE (e.g., a UE that includes an MR and an LP-WUR) , multiple radios (e.g., both the MR and the LP-WUR) can be enabled at the same time (e.g., powered ON, in an active state, or any other state in which the radios can receive and process reference signals) . One of the enabled radios (e.g., the MR) may be performing measurements on a serving cell and/or neighbor cell with RRM relaxation. Generally, the serving and neighbor cell measurement relaxation can be different for the MR. For example, a neighbor cell measurement may need to have a higher relaxation level (e.g., larger scaling factor (s) ) than a serving cell measurement. As such, if the serving cell measurement is in non-relaxed measurement mode 301 (e.g., a measurement mode without relaxation) , the neighbor cell measurement can use the non-relaxed measurement mode 301 or the relaxed measurement mode 302, or can be even disabled (no neighbor cell measurement is triggered) . If the serving cell measurement is in relaxed measurement mode 302 (also referred as relaxation mode) , the neighbor cell measurement may need to use the relaxed measurement mode 302 or can be even disabled. If the relaxed measurement mode 302 is used for the neighbor cell measurement, the used relaxation level (measurement period or interval extension level) of the neighbor cell measurement may not be less than that of the serving cell measurement.

A decision may be generated for measurement relaxation of the MR. If only LP-WUR is activated (e.g., the MR is disabled) , the measurement results from LP-WUR can be used to decide whether the MR can be woken up or not. If the MR is to be woken up, the LP-WUR measurement results can be further used to decide whether the non-relaxed measurement mode 301 or the relaxed measurement mode 302 is to be used for the MR measurements. In comparison, if both LP-WUR and MR are enabled, whether the MR measurements can be relaxed (e.g., from the non-relaxed measurement mode 301 to the relaxed measurement mode 302) , further relaxed (e.g., use a higher relaxation level for the relaxed measurement mode 302) , or disable the relaxation (e.g., switch from the relaxed measurement mode 302 to to the non-relaxed measurement mode 301) can be decided based on a number of factors including, for example, the LP-WUR measurements only, LP-WUR measurements and the MR measurements, or the MR measurement only.

As such, for a UE that includes an MR and an LP-WUR, measurement relaxation can be applied to the MR. In other words, the MR can use the relaxed measurement mode 302 to measure a serving cell and/or a neighbor cell. Here, a measurement on a cell is performed on a reference signal (e.g., one or more of the legacy reference signals 222) of the cell and can include a cell detection, a cell measurement, and/or a cell evaluation. A measurement of a neighbor cell can include an intra-frequency measurement, an inter-frequency measurement, and/or an inter-radio access technology (RAT) measurement. The measurement of a neighbor cell may need to have the more relax measurement than a measurement of the serving cell (e.g., use a higher relaxation level) .

Further described herein below are situations of using one of the measurement modes 301 or 302 for an MR upon the MR being woken up or after the MR is woken up and an LP-WUR is enabled. In the interested of clarity, the MR and the LP-WUR are described as examples of two radios included in a multi-radio UE. However, the embodiments of the present disclosure may not be limited to only the two radio types or to only two radios.

FIG. 4 illustrates an example of using a measurement mode upon a radio of a multi-radio UE 410 being woken up in accordance with some embodiments. Here, the radio is an MR. The multi-radio UE 410 is an example of the UE 104. As illustrated, the multi-radio UE 410 is operated in a first operational state 401 in which its MR is disabled and its LP-WUR is enabled. The MR being disabled corresponds to the MR being powered OFF, in a sleep state, in a standby state, or any other state in which the MR cannot receive reference signals and/or cannot process such reference signals if received. The LP-WUR being enabled corresponds to the LP-WUR being powered ON, in an active state, or any other state in which the LP-WUR can receive and process reference signals. Subsequently, the multi-radio UE 410 is operated in a second operational state 402 in which its MR is woken up and its LP-WUR remains enabled. The MR being woken up can correspond to the MR being enabled or to a transition from being disabled to becoming enabled. The MR being enabled corresponds to the MR being powered ON, in an active state, or any other state in which the MR can receive and process reference signals.

In the first operational state 401, the LP-WUR can receive and measure a reference signal 420. Generally, the LP-WUR performs the measurement using a non-relaxed measurement mode (e.g., the non-relaxed measurement mode 301) . The reference signal 420 can be a reference signal of a serving cell, where this reference signal can be one of the non-legacy reference signals 226 (e.g., an LP-SS) or the legacy reference signals 224 (e.g., SSB) . The measurement is shown in FIG. 4 as an LP-WUR cell measurement 412 and can correspond to a cell detection of the serving cell, a cell measurement of the serving cell, and/or a cell evaluation of the serving cell.

In the second operational state 402, the LP-WUR can also receive and measure a reference signal 422. Here also, the LP-WUR can continue using the non-relaxed measurement mode to perform the measurement. The reference signal 422 can be a reference signal of the serving cell, where this reference signal can be one of the non-legacy reference signals 226 (e.g., an LP-SS) or the legacy reference signals 224 (e.g., SSB) . This LP-WUR cell measurement can also correspond to a cell detection of the serving cell, a cell measurement of the serving cell, and/or a cell evaluation of the serving cell.

Also in the second operational mode 402, the MR can receive and measure the reference signal 422 (in which case, the reference signal 422 is one of the legacy reference signals 222) , or a different reference signal (in which case, the reference signal 422 received by the LP-WUR can be one of the non-legacy reference signals 226) . The different reference signal can be that of the serving cell or a neighbor cell. The measurement is shown in FIG. 4 as an MR cell measurement 416 and can correspond to a cell detection of the serving cell or the neighbor cell, a cell measurement of the serving cell or the neighbor cell, and/or a cell evaluation of the serving cell or the neighbor cell. Of course, the MR can receive a reference signal of the serving cell and a reference signal of the neighbor cell and perform measurements of both reference signals resulting in a serving cell measurement and a neighbor cell measurement. As such, depending on the reference signal (e.g., correspond to the serving cell or the neighbor cell) , the MR cell measurement 416 can include an MR serving cell measurement or an MR neighbor cell measurement.

Different triggers may exit to switch from the first operational mode 401 to the second operational mode 402. One example trigger is a comparison of the LP-WUR serving cell measurement 413 to a measurement threshold. For example, the LP-WUR serving cell measurement 413 can include an RSRP (and/or RSRQ) measurement and can be compared with an RSRP (and/or RSRQ) threshold. If greater than the measurement threshold, the switch can occur. The measurement threshold can be configured via a network (e.g., indicated in configuration information sent by a base station of the network) or predefined in a technical specification with which the multi-radio UE 410 complies. Other example triggers include low mobility conditions. A low mobility condition can be defined relative to a measurement threshold and/or mobility speed of the multi-radio UE 410. Here also, the low mobility condition can be configured via the network or predefined in the technical specification. Yet another example trigger can be a network indication or command to perform the switch.

Regardless of the cause for the switch to the second operational mode 402, FIG. 4 illustrates a use case of, upon being woken up, the MR uses a specific measurement mode 414 based on the LP-WUR cell measurement 412 (and/or the LP WUR measurement result from measuring the reference signal 422) . As such, the MR cell measurement 416 is generated using the measurement mode 414.

Based on the LP-WUR measurement result being a trigger to wake up the MR, the measurement mode 414 is selected from a non-relaxed measurement mode (e.g., the non-relaxed measurement mode 301) and a relaxed measurement mode (e.g., the relaxed measurement mode 302) . Different options exist to determine which of the two measurement modes to select.

In a first option, the LP-WUR measurement result (e.g. the LP-WUR cell measurement 412 generated from the reference signal 420 while the MR is disabled, or a similar measurement generated from the reference signal 422 upon the MR being woken up) is used independently of the operational state of the LP-WUR. Particularly, when the LP-WUR measurement result triggered the MR to wake up, the MR starts operating in the relaxed measurement mode, regardless of whether LP-WUR is disabled or enabled upon the waking up. This UE behavior can be a default setting (e.g., where this default setting is defined in a technical specification with which the UE complies or is a UE implementation) or can be configured by the network (e.g., indicated in configuration information) .

In a second option, the LP-WUR measurement result is also used independently of the operational state of the LP-WUR. However, here when the LP-WUR measurement result triggered the MR to wake up, the MR starts operating in the non-relaxed measurement mode, regardless of whether LP-WUR is disabled or enabled upon the waking up. This UE behavior can be a default setting or can be configured by the network.

In a third option, the LP-WUR measurement result is used in conjunction with the operational state of the LP-WUR. Particularly, when the LP-WUR measurement result triggered the MR to wake up, the MR starts operating in the relaxed measurement mode only if the LP-WUR remains enabled upon the waking up. Otherwise (e.g, the LP-WUR is disabled when the MR is enabled) , the MR starts operating in the non-relaxed measurement mode. Here also, this UE behavior can be a default setting or can be configured by the network.

FIG. 5 illustrates another example of using a measurement mode upon a radio of a multi-radio UE 510 being woken up in accordance with some embodiments. Here, the radio is an MR. The multi-radio UE 510 is an example of the UE 104. As illustrated, the multi-radio UE 510 is operated in a first operational state 501 in which its MR is disabled and its LP-WUR is enabled. Subsequently, the multi-radio UE 510 is operated in a second operational state 502 in which its MR is woken up and its LP-WUR remains enabled.

Many aspects of FIG. 5 are similar to those of FIG. 4. In the interest of brevity, the similarities are not repeated herein and similarly and equivalently apply to the description of FIG. 5. A difference over FIG. 4 includes the use of a set of measurement thresholds to decide, upon the MR being woken up, whether to use a relaxed measurement mode or a non-relaxed measurement mode.

In the first operational state 501, the LP-WUR can receive and measure a reference signal 520 (e.g., of a serving cell) . The measurement is shown in FIG. 5 as an LP-WUR cell measurement 512 and can correspond to a cell detection, a cell measurement, and/or a cell evaluation. In the second operational state 502, the LP-WUR can also receive and measure a cell reference signal 522.

Also in the second operational mode 502, the MR can receive and measure the cell reference signal 522 (or a different reference signal which can be of the serving cell or a neighbor cell) . The measurement is shown in FIG. 5 as an MR cell measurement 518 and can correspond to a cell detection of the serving cell or the neighbor cell, a cell measurement of the serving cell or the neighbor cell, and/or a cell evaluation of the serving cell or the neighbor cell.

Regardless of the cause for the switch to the second operational mode 502, FIG. 5 illustrates a use case of, upon being woken up, a decision is made for using the non-relaxed measurement mode or the relaxed measurement mode based on at least one measurement-to-measurement threshold comparison. Generally, an LP-WUR measurement result (e.g. the LP-WUR cell measurement 512 generated from the reference signal 520 while the MR is disabled, or a similar measurement generated from the reference signal 522 upon the MR being woken up) can be compared with a set of measurement thresholds. The comparison (s) is(are) illustrated in FIG. 5 as LP-WUR cell measurement and measurement threshold comparisons (s) 515. Depending on the outcome (s) of the comparison (s) , the MR can be woken up in the non-relaxed measurement mode or the relaxed mode. If woken up in the relaxed measurement mode, the level of relaxation can also be based on the outcome (s) of the comparison (s) , can be defined in a technical specification with which the multi-radio UE 510 complies, or configured by a network (e.g., indicated in configuration information sent by a base station of the network) . Different options exist.

In a first option, the set of measurement thresholds includes a first measurement threshold associated with the non-relaxed measurement mode and a second measurement threshold associated with the relaxed measurement mode. The second measurement threshold can be larger than the first measurement threshold. If the LP-WUR cell measurement is smaller than the first measurement threshold, the MR may not be woken up (e.g., the decision is to keep the MR disabled, whereby the MR cell measurement 518 is not generated) . If the LP-WUR cell measurement is larger than the first measurement threshold and smaller than the second measurement threshold, the MR is woken up in the non-relaxed measurement mode. If the LP-WUR cell measurement is larger than the second measurement threshold, the MR is woken up in the relaxed measurement mode. In this last case, the larger the difference is between the LP-WUR measurement result and the second measurement threshold, the larger the relaxation level can be (e.g., the larger the scaling factor can become) . Each one of the measurement threshold and/or the relaxation level can be a default setting (e.g., where this default setting is defined in the technical specification or is a UE implementation) or can be configured by the network (e.g., indicated in configuration information) . Per this first option, when the LP-WUR measurement result triggered the MR to wake up, whether the MR is starting with the relaxed measurement mode or not depends on the LP-WUR measurement result and different thresholds.

To illustrate, consider the example of the LP-WUR measurement 512 including a reference signal received power (RSRP) measurement, a reference signal received quality (RSRQ) measurement, and/or signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) measurement. In this case each one of the first measurement threshold and the second measurement threshold includes an RSRP threshold, an RSRQ threshold, and/or a SINR threshold. The first measurement threshold is for MR measurement without relaxation mode (e.g., a baseline MR wake-up condition) . The second measurement threshold is for MR measurement with relaxation mode. If the LP-WUR measurement result is between the first and second measurement thresholds, the MR is woken up with non-relaxed measurement. If the LP-WUR measurement result is larger than the second measurement threshold, the MR is woken up with relaxed measurement. If the LP-WUR measurement result is smaller than the first measurement threshold, the MR is not woken up.

In a second option, a set of measurement thresholds is also used in a similar way as the first option. However, here adjustments may be made to the measurement thresholds depending on the type of the reference signal used for a measurement result and/or whether the measurement result is also based on an MR measurement. In other words, if the measurement result is not purely based on the MR measurement (e.g., involves an LP-WUR measurement by relying, at least in part, on an LP-WUR reference signal such as LP-SS) , the first measurement threshold and the second measurement threshold described herein above can be adjusted. The adjustment can be a default setting or configured by the network.

To illustrate, consider the use case of LP-SS. Particularly, assume that a measurement result is based on LP-SS measurement (e.g., corresponding to the LP-WUR cell measurement 512) or based on LP-SS and an MR measurement (where this MR measurement is not performed because the MR is disabled) . In other words, the measurement result is not purely based on the MR measurement. The same comparisons and decision based on the comparison outcomes as in the first option can be performed in the second option. However, here the first measurement threshold and the second measurement threshold are further adjusted based on the LP-SS’s sample number “M” and repetitions “N” . “M” and/or “N” can decide the measurement accuracy/error. Therefore, the first measurement threshold and the second measurement threshold need to include the margin for these measurement errors and/or accuracies. The margin can be smaller if “M” and/or” N” increases. As such, the two measurement thresholds can be increased. “M” and/or” N” can be a default setting or configured by the network.

FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a measurement mode determination for a radio of a multi-radio UE 610 in accordance with some embodiments. Here, the radio is an MR. The multi-radio UE 610 is an example of the UE 104. As illustrated, the MR is woken up 601 with a first measurement mode for use with measuring a cell. The first measurement mode can be a non-relaxed measurement mode or a relaxed measurement mode, similar to what is described in FIGS. 4 and 5. The MR remains enabled 602 for a time duration. While the MR is enabled 602, a decision can be made to switch the first measurement mode to a second measurement mode (e.g., from the non-relaxed measurement mode to the relaxed measurement mode or vice versa) or to further relax the first measurement mode (e.g., if the first measurement mode is already the relaxed measurement mode) .

In a first example, the MR is woken up 601 with the non-relaxed measurement mode for measuring a cell. While the MR is enabled 602, a switch is made to the relaxed measurement mode for measuring the cell.

In a second example, the MR is woken up 601 with the relaxed measurement mode for measuring a cell. While the MR is enabled 602, a switch is made to the non-relaxed measurement mode for measuring the cell.

In a third example, the MR is woken up 601 with the relaxed measurement mode for measuring a cell. While the MR is enabled 602, a switch is made to further relax the relaxed measurement mode for measuring the cell (e.g., the scaling factor is increased) .

The switch between measurement modes or the change to the relaxation within the relaxed measurement mode relaxation of the first and third examples can be determined based on a number of factors. These factors can include an LP-WUR measurement result, an MR measurement result, and/or a set of measurement thresholds.

As illustrated in FIG. 6, upon the MR being woken up 601, the multi-radio UE 610 receives a first reference signal 620 and a second reference signal 630. The LP-WUR can receive the first reference signal 620 such that a measurement of this reference signal 620 is performed, resulting in an LP-WUR serving cell measurement 612. The first reference signal 620 can be of a serving cell and can be a legacy reference signal or a non-legacy reference signal. The MR can receive the second reference signal 630 such that a measurement of the second reference signal 630 (or the different one) is performed, resulting in an MR cell measurement 614. The second reference signal 630 can be a legacy reference signal of the serving cell or a neighbor cell. It is possible that the same reference signal is received by both the LP-WUR and MR and used to generate the LP-WUR cell measurement 612 and the MR cell measurement 614. In this case, this reference signal can be a legacy reference signal of the serving cell.

One or more of the LP-WUR cell measurement 612 and/or the MR cell measurement 614 can be used to decide whether to change 618 the measurement mode of the MR for subsequently generating an additional MR cell measurement (e.g., whether to switch from the non-relaxed measurement mode to the relaxed measurement mode, or to further relax the relaxed measurement mode) . If a decision is made to relax, the measurement mode for the neighbor cell can be adjusted per the examples above.

In an example, a cell measurement (e.g., the LP-WUR serving cell measurement 612 and/or the MR serving cell measurement 614) can be compared with a set of measurement thresholds as part of generating the relaxation decision. Each measurement threshold of the set can be associated with a measurement mode and/or a type of radio (e.g., MR or LP-WUR) . Based on the result of the comparison, the relaxation decision is made (e.g., the cell measurement being larger than a measurement threshold can result in a relaxation being decided) .

To illustrate, consider the following use case. Both the LP-WUR and the MR are enabled, different options exist to decide whether MR measurement can be relaxed or not. These options involve a comparison 619 of an LP-WUR cell measurement and/or an MR cell measurement with a measurement threshold. The same or a different measurement threshold can be used. Such measurement threshold (s) can be a default setting or configured by the network.

In a first option, the multi-radio UE 610 use an LP-WUR measurement (e.g., the LP-WUR cell measurement 612 to decide the MR relaxation. As such, here whatever measurements are performed based on the MR, whether these measurements can be relaxed or not is decided by the LP-WUR measurement and a corresponding threshold (LP-WUR measurement meet the threshold) . For example, if the LP-WUR measurement is larger than the measurement threshold, measurement relaxation can be performed (e.g., the measurement mode switch from the non-relaxed measurement mode to the relaxed measurement mode, or the non-relaxed measurement mode is further relaxed) . Otherwise, no measurement relaxation is performed (e.g., the MR continues using the non-relaxed measurement mode, the relaxed measurement mode as is, or switches from the relaxed measurement mode to the non-relaxed measurement mode) . The decision can be for a serving cell measurement and/or a neighbor cell measurement.

In a second option, the multi-radio UE 610 uses both the LP-WUR measurement and an MR measurement (e.g., the MR cell measurement 614) to decide the MR relaxation. The LP-WUR measurement can be compared to a first measurement threshold. The MR measurement can be compared to a second measurement threshold. The two thresholds can, but need not, be the same. Only if both measurement thresholds are met (e.g., the LP-WUR measurement and the MR measurement are larger than the corresponding measurement threshold) , measurement relaxation can be performed (e.g., the measurement mode switch from the non-relaxed measurement mode to the relaxed measurement mode, or the non-relaxed measurement mode is further relaxed) . Otherwise, no measurement relaxation is performed (e.g., the MR continues using the non-relaxed measurement mode, the relaxed measurement mode as is, or switches from the relaxed measurement mode to the non-relaxed measurement mode) . Alternatively, as long as one of the measurements on LP-WUR and MR can meet the threshold (s) , then the MR measurement is relaxed. In another alternative, when the MR measurement is unavailable, the measurement (s) on LP-WUR is (are) to decide the MR relaxation. But if the MR measurement is available, the MR measurement result can be used to override the LP-WUR measurement result to check the threshold for the decision. In this second option, the decision can be for a serving cell measurement and/or a neighbor cell measurement.

In a third option, the multi-radio UE 610 uses the MR measurement to decide the MR relaxation. If the MR measurement meets the second measurement threshold (e.g., is larger than this threshold) , measurement relaxation can be performed (e.g., the measurement mode switch from the non-relaxed measurement mode to the relaxed measurement mode, or the non-relaxed measurement mode is further relaxed) . Otherwise, no measurement relaxation is performed (e.g., the MR continues using the non-relaxed measurement mode, the relaxed measurement mode as is, or switches from the relaxed measurement mode to the non-relaxed measurement mode) . Whether the measurement relaxation is for a serving cell or for a neighbor cell or for both can depend on a number of factors, such as whether the measured reference signal (s) corresponds to a serving cell or a neighbor cell. An example of serving cell and neighbor cell relaxation is described in connection with FIG. 7. Generally, the MR measurement for a neighbor cell can be more relaxed, but not less relaxed, than the MR measurement for a serving cell.

FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a measurement mode determination for a radio of a multi-radio UE 710 in accordance with some embodiments. Here, the radio is an MR. The multi-radio UE 710 is an example of the UE 104. As illustrated, the MR is woken up 701 with a relaxed measurement mode, similar to what is described in FIG. 5. The MR remains enabled 702 for a time duration. While the MR is enabled 702, a decision can be made to change the relaxed measurement mode (e.g., to switch to a non-relaxed measurement mode or to change a relaxation level of the relaxed measurement mode) .

Many aspects of FIG. 7 are similar to those of FIG. 6. In the interest of brevity, the similarities are not repeated herein and similarly and equivalently apply to the description of FIG. 7. A difference over FIG. 6 is the decision to change is specific to a serving cell and/or a neighbor cell. Particularly, the measurement by one radio, can be used to decide whether to relax the measurement for a specific cell. In other words, an LP-WUR measurement can be used to decide on MR measurement relaxation for the serving cell (or the neighbor cell) , whereas the MR measurement can be used to decide on MR measurement relaxation for the neighbor cell (or the serving cell) .

As illustrated, the MR is woken up 701 with a measurement mode for measuring the serving cell. In this case, the same measurement mode (the non-relaxed measurement mode) , a more relaxed measurement mode (e.g, the relaxed measurement mode) , or a disabled mode (in which no cell measurements are generated) can be used for the neighbor cell. Upon the MR being woken up 701, the multi-radio UE 710 receives a serving cell reference signal 720 and a neighbor cell reference signal 730. The LP-WUR can receive the serving cell reference signal 720 such that a measurement of the serving cell reference signal 720 is performed, resulting in an LP-WUR serving cell measurement 712. The MR can receive the serving cell reference signal 720 (or a different serving cell reference signal) such that a measurement of the serving cell reference signal 720 (or the different one) is performed, resulting in an MR serving cell measurement 714. The MR can receive the neighbor cell reference signal 730 such that a measurement of the neighbor cell reference signal 730 is performed, resulting in an MR neighbor cell measurement 716.

The LP-WUR serving cell measurement 712, the MR serving cell measurement 714, and/or the MR neighbor cell measurement 716 can be used to decide whether to change 718 the measurement mode per cell (e.g., whether to switch from the relaxed measurement mode to the non-relaxed measurement mode, or to further relax the relaxed measurement mode) . Different options exist and involve the use of measurement thresholds. The measurement thresholds can be the same or different and can be defined as a default setting or configured by a network.

In a first option, the muti-radio UE 720 uses an MR measurement (e.g., the MR serving cell measurement 714, and/or the MR neighbor cell measurement 716) to check against a first measurement threshold to decide the MR measurement relaxation for the neighbor cell measurement. If larger than the first measurement threshold, measurement relaxation can be performed for the neighbor cell (e.g., the measurement mode switch from the non-relaxed measurement mode to the relaxed measurement mode, or the non-relaxed measurement mode is further relaxed) . Otherwise, no measurement relaxation is performed for the neighbor cell (e.g., the MR continues using the non-relaxed measurement mode, the relaxed measurement mode as is, or switches from the relaxed measurement mode to the non-relaxed measurement mode) . The muti-radio UE 720 also uses the LP-WUR measurement 712 to check against a second measurement threshold to decide on the MR relaxation for the serving cell measurement. Here also, if larger than the second measurement threshold, measurement relaxation can be performed for the serving cell (e.g., the measurement mode switch from the non-relaxed measurement mode to the relaxed measurement mode, or the non-relaxed measurement mode is further relaxed) . Otherwise, no measurement relaxation is performed for the serving cell (e.g., the MR continues using the non-relaxed measurement mode, the relaxed measurement mode as is, or switches from the relaxed measurement mode to the non-relaxed measurement mode) .

A second option can be a converse of the first option. Particularly, the muti-radio UE 720 uses the LP-WUR measurement 712 to check against the second measurement threshold to decide the MR measurement relaxation for the neighbor cell measurement. If larger than the second measurement threshold, measurement relaxation can be performed for the neighbor cell (e.g., the measurement mode switch from the non-relaxed measurement mode to the relaxed measurement mode, or the non-relaxed measurement mode is further relaxed) . Otherwise, no measurement relaxation is performed for the neighbor cell (e.g., the MR continues using the non-relaxed measurement mode, the relaxed measurement mode as is, or switches from the relaxed measurement mode to the non-relaxed measurement mode) . The muti-radio UE 720 also uses the MR measurement (e.g., the MR serving cell measurement 714, and/or the MR neighbor cell measurement 716) to check against the first measurement threshold to decide on the MR relaxation for the serving cell measurement. Here also, if larger than the first measurement threshold, measurement relaxation can be performed for the serving cell (e.g., the measurement mode switch from the non-relaxed measurement mode to the relaxed measurement mode, or the non-relaxed measurement mode is further relaxed) . Otherwise, no measurement relaxation is performed for the serving cell (e.g., the MR continues using the non-relaxed measurement mode, the relaxed measurement mode as is, or switches from the relaxed measurement mode to the non-relaxed measurement mode) .

FIG. 8 illustrates an example of an operational flow/algorithmic structure 800 for using a measurement mode in accordance with some embodiments. The operational flow/algorithmic structure 800 can be implemented by a UE (e.g., performed by components thereof including, for example, an apparatus of the UE, where the apparatus includes processing circuitry) . The UE can be a multi-radio UE corresponding to any of the UEs described herein. In some embodiments, the operational flow/algorithmic structure 800 may be implemented by executing instructions stored in a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium, such as a memory of the UE. While the operational flow/algorithmic structure 800 is described using steps in a specific sequence, it should be understood that the present disclosure contemplates that the described steps may be performed in different sequences than the sequence illustrated, and certain described steps may be omitted or not performed altogether.

In an example, the operational flow/algorithmic structure 800 includes, at 802, performing a first measurement of a first reference signal received by a first radio of the UE. For instance, the first radio is an LP-WUR. The first measurement can include a serving cell measurement of a reference signal of the serving cell.

In an example, the operational flow/algorithmic structure 800 includes, at 804, determining, based on the first measurement and for a set of measurements to be performed by a second radio of the UE upon the second radio being woken up, a measurement mode from a plurality of measurement modes, the first radio configured to use lower power than the second radio, the plurality of measurement modes including a first measurement mode and a second measurement mode, the second measurement mode enabling at least one of: a longer measurement period or a longer measurement time interval relative to the first measurement mode. For instance, the second radio can be an MR. The first measurement mode can be a non-relaxed measurement mode, whereas the second measurement mode can be a relaxed measurement mode. The set of measurements can include a serving cell measurement of a reference signal of a serving cell, where this reference signal is received by the LP-WUR or the MR. If received by the MR, the second measurement can be performed using the determined measurement mode. The set of measurements can also include a neighbor cell measurement of a reference signal of a neighbor cell, where this reference signal is received by the MR and processing using the determined measurement mode or a different measurement mode that may also be determined upon the MR being woken up. For instance, one or more factors described in FIGS. 4-5 can be used to perform this determination for the serving cell measurement and/or the neighbor cell measurement upon the MR radio being woken up. Additionally, or alternatively, one or more factors described in FIGS. 6-7 can be used to perform this determination for the serving cell measurement and/or the neighbor cell measurement upon the both the MR and the LP-WUR remaining enabled.

In an example, the operational flow/algorithmic structure 800 includes, at 806, performing, upon the second radio being woken up and by using the measurement mode, a second measurement of a second reference signal received by the second radio. For instance, the second measurement can include a serving cell measurement of a reference signal of the serving cell using a measurement mode determined at 804 for the serving cell and/or a neighbor cell measurement of a reference signal of a neighbor cell using a measurement mode determined at 806 for the neighbor cell.

FIG. 9 illustrates an example of an operational flow/algorithmic structure for configuring usage of a measurement mode in accordance with some embodiments. The operational flow/algorithmic structure 900 can be implemented by a network (e.g., by a base station thereof and/or an apparatus of the base station, where the apparatus includes processing circuitry) . The network can be any of the networks described herein. In some embodiments, the operational flow/algorithmic structure 900 may be implemented by executing instructions stored in a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium, such as a memory of the base station. While the operational flow/algorithmic structure 900 is described using steps in a specific sequence, it should be understood that the present disclosure contemplates that the described steps may be performed in different sequences than the sequence illustrated, and certain described steps may be omitted or not performed altogether.

In an example, the operational flow/algorithmic structure 900 includes, at 902, determining, based on capability information received from a user equipment (UE) , that the UE supports cell measurements using a first radio and a second radio, the first radio configured to use lower power than the second radio, the second radio configured to support a first measurement mode and a second measurement mode, the second measurement mode enabling at least one of: a longer measurement period or a longer measurement time interval relative to the first measurement mode. For instance, the first radio is an LP-WUR, whereas the second radio is an MR. Further, the first measurement mode can be a non-relaxed measurement mode, whereas the second measurement mode can be a relaxed measurement mode. The capability information can be received in an information element indicating that the UE includes the LP-WUR, supports LP-WUR operations, or supports measurement relaxation on a serving cell and/or a neighbor cell.

In an example, the operational flow/algorithmic structure 900 includes, at 902, sending, to the UE, configuration information based on the capability information, the configuration information enabling the UE to (i) perform a first measurement a first reference signal received by the first radio, and (ii) determine, based on the first measurement, whether a second measurement of a second reference signal received by the second radio is to be performed using the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode. For instance, the first measurement can include a serving cell measurement of a reference signal of a serving cell, where this reference signal is received by the LP-WUR. The second measurement can include a neighbor cell measurement of a reference signal of the serving cell or the neighbor cell, where this reference signal is received by the MR. The configuration information can indicate different parameters to perform the first and second measurements including any of the measurement thresholds and/or other factors described in FIGS. 4-7.

In an example, for an RRC_IDLE mode and/or an RRC_INACTIVE mode, a procedure and a configuration of LP-WUS indicating paging monitoring triggered by LP-WUS can be specified, where the specification includes at least a configuration, a sub-grouping, and/or an entry condition and/or an exit condition for LP-WUS monitoring. LP-WUS monitoring can refer to an LP-WUR monitoring an LP-WUS, where the monitoring can include detecting and/or decoding the LP-WUS. As discussed herein above, also RRM relaxation of UE MR can be also specified for both serving and neighbor cell measurements. The UE serving cell RRM measurement can be offloaded from an MR to the LP-WUR, based on various factors (or conditions, such as measurement thresholds being satisfied) . As the coverage of LP-WUS may be smaller than a cell coverage, a need exists to define the entry and exit conditions for LP-WUS monitoring. These conditions may be also referred as activation and deactivation conditions or enabling and disabling conditions. Generally, the entry, activation, or enabling condition (s) determines when the UE can start the LP-WUS monitoring. The exit, deactivation, or disabling condition (s) determines when the UE can stop LP-WUS monitoring. One example of such conditions includes using a threshold (e.g., a measurement threshold for the channel quality measurement based on a physical layer signal) .

For the RRC_IDLE mode and/or the RRC_INACTIVE mode, different options can exist for activation and deactivation of the LP-WUS monitoring by the LP-WUR for a UE. In one option, a base station (e.g., the gNB 108) can transmit legacy paging indication (e.g., a message that includes the UE’s identity sent in a paging occasion) and an LP-WUS. The UE’s activation and/or deactivation of the LP-WUS monitoring can be specific to the UE implementation. The UE behavior may apply based on a channel condition (e.g., when the coverage is sufficient or insufficient) . In a different option, the base station transmits legacy paging indication and an LP-WUS. Here, the UE’s activation and/or deactivation of the LP-WUS monitoring can be based on one or more preconfigured criteria. The UE behavior may also apply based on a channel condition (e.g., when the coverage is sufficient or insufficient) . In yet another option, the UE’s activation and/or deactivation of the LP-WUS monitoring in a cell can be based on signaling. Typically, paging misdetection performance may not be impacted.

For a use case of partial coverage, the UE’s MR could stay in ultra-deep sleep power state only when UE is in the coverage of LP-WUS. When the UE moves out of the coverage of LP-WUS, the network cannot wake up the UE’s MR via an LP-WUS. Hence, the UE may need to start up its MR when it moves out of the coverage of LP-WUS in order to avoid missing the paging message. In this way, one of the exit conditions for using LP-WUS or ultra-deep sleep power state should be that the UE is out of LP-WUS coverage. A quality threshold of a target reference signal (e.g., LP-SS) can be pre-configured to the UE to define the exit condition for using LP-WUS. With this threshold, the UE can stop using LP-WUS and exit the ultra-deep sleep power state when the quality of the target reference signal is lower than the threshold.

Measurements and trigger conditions may need to be defined for using LP-WUS. One approach is to define a quality threshold for a target reference signal measurement to determine the coverage of LP-WUS. One entry condition for using LP-WUS could be configured to the UE based on this quality threshold. From the network perspective, the threshold could be set based on the coverage of LP-WUS. With this threshold, LP-WUS can be used, and the UE’s MR could enter ultra-deep-sleep power state when the quality of the target reference signal is better than the threshold.

FIG. 10 illustrates an example 1000 of LP-WUS monitoring in accordance with some embodiments. A multi-radio UE, such as any of the UEs described herein above can be configured by a network to use (e.g., via configuration information) and/or by default (e.g., to meet a technical specification with which the UE complies or as a UE implementation) can use a set of conditions to perform LP-WUS monitoring.

Two conditions are illustrated: an entry condition 1010 and an exit condition 1020. Upon the entry condition 1010 being met, the multi-radio UE can start monitoring LP-WUS (illustrated as LP-WUS monitoring 1030) . The monitoring can use a first radio (e.g., an LP-WUR) of the multi-radio UE, while one or more remaining radios (e.g., an MR) of the multi-radio UE can be deactivated (e.g., in a particular power state, such as an ultra-deep-sleep power state) and, thereby cannot be used to monitor reference signals (or paging indications) . Upon the exit condition 1020 being met, the multi-radio UE can stop monitoring LP-WUS (illustrated as non LP-WUS monitoring 1050) . Additionally, or alternatively, it may be sufficient that one of the conditions be defined (e.g., configured or specified as a default) . For example, it may be sufficient to define the entry condition 1010 only. As long as the entry condition 1010 is met, the LP-WUS monitoring 1030 is performed. Once the entry condition 1010 is no longer met, the LP-WUS monitoring 1030 can be ceased. Conversely, it may be sufficient to define the exit condition 1020 only. As long as the exit condition 1020 is met, the LP-WUS monitoring 1030 is foregone. Once the exit condition 1020 is no longer met, the LP-WUS monitoring 1030 can be performed.

As indicated above, different entry and/or exit conditions are possible, including the use of thresholds for comparison to channel quality measurements and/or reference signal measurements. In the present disclosure, mobility-related condition (s) can additionally or alternatively be used as part of the entry condition 1010 and/or exit condition 1020.

More particularly, the use of LP-WUS can help achieve UE power saving (by limiting the LP-WUS monitoring 1030 to a time duration based on the entry condition 1010 and/or the exit condition 1020) . In order to achieve the UE power saving, the RRM measurement relaxation on the MR may be needed. One possible condition for RRM measurement relaxation is low mobility.

The mobility-related condition (s) may be configured by the network (e.g., a base station thereof) with configurable parameters. Further, whether to use the mobility-related condition (s) may also be configurable by the network. A mobility-related condition may be used with other conditions (e.g., with a threshold for the channel quality measurement) When multiple conditions are used (e.g., a mobility related condition and non-mobility related condition, or multiple mobility-related conditions) , these conditions may all need to be satisfied to start or stop the LP-WUS monitoring 1030. Alternatively, only one of the conditions may need to be satisfied to start or stop LP-WUS monitoring 1030. The network may configured whether all of, a subset of, or only one of the conditions need to be satisfied to start or stop the LP-WUS monitoring 1030.

In an example, the entry condition 1010 relates to low mobility. The multi-radio UE starts the LP-WUS monitoring 1030 if the low mobility condition is satisfied. Conversely, the exit condition 1020 relates to not-low mobility. The multi-radio UE stops the LP-WUS monitoring 1030 if the not-low mobility condition is satisfied.

FIG. 11 illustrates an example 1100 of using conditions for enabling and disabling LP-WUS monitoring in accordance with some embodiments. A multi-radio UE can be configured with a definition of a low mobility condition and, optionally, one or more other conditions 1110 (e.g., a quality condition including a first threshold for comparison with a channel quality measurement and/or a reference signal condition including a second threshold for comparison with a reference signal measurement) . Additionally, or alternatively, the multi-radio UE can be configured with a definition of a not-low mobility condition and, optionally, one or more other conditions 1120 (e.g., the same quality condition and/or the same reference signal quality condition) .

The LP-WUS monitoring may be disabled 1130 (e.g., the multi-radio UE is operated in a disabled state for the LP-WUS monitoring) . Upon determining that the low mobility and, optionally, other conditions are met 1140, the LP-WUS monitoring may be enabled 1150 (e.g., the multi-radio UE is now operated in an enabled state for the LP-WUS monitoring) . An example of the low mobility condition and whether it is met is further described in the next figures. The other conditions being met can include the channel quality measurement being larger than the first threshold and/or the reference signal measurement being larger than the second threshold.

Upon determining that the not-low mobility and, optionally, other conditions are met 1160, the LP-WUS monitoring may be disabled 1130 (e.g., the multi-radio UE is now operated in the disabled state for the LP-WUS monitoring) . An example of the not-low mobility condition and whether it is met is further described in the next figures. The other conditions being met can include the channel quality measurement being smaller than the first threshold and/or the reference signal measurement being smaller than the second threshold.

FIG. 12 illustrates an example 1200 of conditions for LP-WUS monitoring by a multi-radio UE 1210 in accordance with some embodiments. The conditions can include a low mobility condition 1204 and a not-low mobility condition 1206 that are based on a measurement of a reference signal 1202. The reference signal can be a legacy reference signal, such as SSB, or an LP-WUR reference signal such that LP-SS.

A measurement metric of a signal quality can include, for instance, RSRP and/or RSRQ measured based on LP-SS or SSB of a serving cell. The measurement metric can be obtained once per period, and the period can be determined based on a DRX cycle and/or LP-SS periodicity. The measurement metric may be filtered over the time before being used. If condition (s) for channel quality measurement is (are) configured together with the low mobility condition 1204, the same measurement metric can be used for both. Let “Srx” denote the measurement metric of signal quality, and “Srx_ref” denote a reference value used for a comparison.

In a first option, the low mobility condition 1204 is defined as “abs (Srx -Srx_ref) <Threshold1, ” where “abs” is an absolute function, and where “Threshold1” is a first mobility threshold 1203 that may be configured by a network or defined in a default setting. The not-low mobility condition 1206 can be defined as “abs (Srx -Srx_ref) > Threshold2, ” where “Threshold2” is a second mobility threshold 1203 that may be configured by the network or defined in the default setting. “Srx_ref” can be set to be equal to “Srx” if certain conditions are satisfied, such as whenever the multi-radio UE 1210 has a new measurement for “Srx. ” Typically, “Threshold2” can be larger than “Threshold1” to avoid going back and forth between the disabled state (shown in FIG. 11 as LP-WUS monitoring being disabled 1130) and the enabled state (shown in FIG. 11 as the LP-WUS monitoring being enabled 1150) .

Accordingly in this option, the low mobility condition 1204 and the not-low mobility condition 1206 are based on a measurement metric of signal quality generated by measuring a reference signal 1202 (e.g., RSRP and/or RSRQ) , mobility thresholds 1203, and a reference value (which may also be configured or defined as part of the default setting) . If the low mobility condition 1204 is met (e.g., “abs (Srx -Srx_ref) < Threshold1” is true) , the enabled state can be entered, whereby the multi-radio UE 1210 can start LP-WUS monitoring. In other words, the low mobility condition 1204 is an example of an entry condition. If the not-low mobility condition 1206 is met (e.g., “abs (Srx -Srx_ref) > Threshold2” is true) , the disabled state can be entered, whereby the multi-radio UE 1210 can stop the LP-WUS monitoring. In other words, the not-low mobility condition 1206 is an example of an exit condition.

In a second option, the low mobility condition 1204 and the not-low mobility condition 1204 can be defined in a similar way to the low mobility criteria defined for RRM or radio link management (RLM) measurement relaxation in NR. The low mobility condition 1204 can include a criterion for checking for low mobility, where this criterion is defined as “Srx_ref -Srx < Threshold1. ” The not-low mobility condition 1206 can include a criterion for checking for not-low mobility, where this criterion is defined as “Srx_ref -Srx > Threshold2. ” “Srx_ref” can be set to equal “Srx” if certain condition (s) is (are) satisfied. In one example, “Srx_ref” can be set to equal “Srx” if at least one of the following conditions or a subset of the following conditions is satisfied: the multi-radio UE 1210 selects or reselects a new cell, the difference between “Srx” and “Srx_ref” is greater than zero, the corresponding condition (e.g., the low mobility condition or the not-low mobility condition as the case may be) has not been met for a time duration, and/or whenever the corresponding condition is met. In another example, “Srx_ref” can be set to equal “Srx” if at least one of the following conditions or a subset of the following conditions is satisfied: the multi-radio UE 1210 selects or reselects a new cell, the difference between “Srx” and “Srx_ref” is greater than zero for low-mobility checking and this difference is smaller than zero for not-low mobility checking, the corresponding condition has not been met for a time duration, and/or whenever the corresponding condition is met. In yet another example, “Srx_ref” can be set to equal “Srx” whenever the multi-radio UE 1210 has a new measurement for Srx.

For the low and not-low mobility conditions 1204 and 1026 in both options above, multi-radio the UE 1210 may consider the condition is satisfied only if the corresponding criterion is satisfied for a number of times either consecutively or within a certain time window. This number may be defined as part of the default setting or configured by the network. The mobility thresholds 1203 can be defined in unit of dB and/or can be configured by the network.

To illustrate, consider the following use case. The entry conditions can include whether an RSRP (or an RSRQ) measured by the MR based on an SSB is larger than a first threshold, and low mobility condition 1204 defined using either option above. The exit conditions can include whether the RSRP (or the RSRQ) measured by the MR based on the SSB is smaller than a second threshold, and/or an RSRP (or an RSRQ) measured by the LP-WUR based on an LP-SS is smaller than a third threshold, and a not-mobility condition 1206 defined using either option above.

FIG. 13 illustrates another example of a condition for LP-WUS monitoring by a multi-radio UE 1310 in accordance with some embodiments. The conditions can include a low mobility condition 1304 and a not-low mobility condition 1306 that are based on speed information 1302. The speed information 1302 can indicate a speed at which the multi-radio UE 1310 is physically traveling, where the speed can be determined based on many techniques. An example speed technique is a positioning technique that may be defined in NR (e.g., that uses a positioning reference signal (PRS) ) . Another example speed technique may not relay on a cellular system. For example, this example speed technique can involve a positioning sensor of the multi-radio UE 1310, such as a navigational sensor (e.g., a global positioning system (GPS) sensor) or other sensors (e.g., an accelerometer from which the speed can be derived based on an initial velocity) .

The low mobility condition 1304 can include a criterion for checking for low mobility, where this criterion is defined as “UE speed < Threshold1. ” “Threshold1” is a first mobility threshold 1303 that may be configured by a network or defined in a default setting. The not-low mobility condition 1306 can include a criterion for checking for not-low mobility, where this criterion is defined as “UE speed > Threshold2. ” “Threshold2” is a second mobility threshold 1303 that may be configured by the network or defined in the default setting.

Accordingly, the low mobility condition 1304 and the not-low mobility condition 1306 are based on a speed measurement and mobility thresholds 1203. If the low mobility condition 1304 is met (e.g., “UE speed < Threshold1” is true) , the enabled state can be entered, whereby the multi-radio UE 1310 can start LP-WUS monitoring. In other words, the low mobility condition 1304 is an example of an entry condition. If the not-low mobility condition 1306 is met (e.g., “UE speed > Threshold2” is true) , the disabled state can be entered, whereby the multi-radio UE 1310 can stop the LP-WUS monitoring. In other words, the not-low mobility condition 1306 is an example of an exit condition.

For the low and not-low mobility conditions 1304 and 1306, the multi-radio UE 1310 may consider the relevant condition 1304 or 1306 to be satisfied only if the corresponding criterion is satisfied for a number of times either consecutively or within a certain time window. This number may be defined in the default setting or configured by the network. Typically, “Threshold2” can be larger than “Threshold1” to avoid going back and forth between the disabled state (shown in FIG. 11 as LP-WUS monitoring being disabled 1130) and the enabled state (shown in FIG. 11 as the LP-WUS monitoring being enabled 1150) . “Threshold1” and “Threshold2” can be configured by the network.

Referring back to FIGS. 12 and 13, each of the conditions can be enabled by the network (e.g., a base station thereof) for a UE via configuration, and the corresponding parameters can be configured. Once an entry condition is satisfied, the UE starts LP-WUS monitoring, and may relax the RRM measurement on the MR, and/or offload the serving cell RRM measurement from the main radio to LP-WUR.

FIG. 14 illustrates an example of an operational flow/algorithmic structure 1400 for LP-WUS monitoring in accordance with some embodiments. The operational flow/algorithmic structure 1400 can be implemented by a UE (e.g., performed by components thereof including, for example, an apparatus of the UE, where the apparatus includes processing circuitry) . The UE can be a multi-radio UE corresponding to any of the UEs described herein. In some embodiments, the operational flow/algorithmic structure 1400 may be implemented by executing instructions stored in a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium, such as a memory of the UE. While the operational flow/algorithmic structure 1400 is described using steps in a specific sequence, it should be understood that the present disclosure contemplates that the described steps may be performed in different sequences than the sequence illustrated, and certain described steps may be omitted or not performed altogether.

In an example, the operational flow/algorithmic structure 1400 includes, at 1402, determining that a low mobility condition associated with LP-WUS monitoring is satisfied or that a non-low mobility condition associated with the LP-WUS monitoring is no longer satisfied. For instance, the low mobility condition can be any of the low mobility condition 1204 (e.g., defined based on a reference signal measurement) and/or the low mobility condition 1304 (e.g., defined based on a traveling speed measurement) . It may be sufficient to check one of the two conditions. Additional conditions such as channel quality conditions can also be checked.

In an example, the operational flow/algorithmic structure 1400 includes, at 1404, starting the LP-WUS monitoring based on the low mobility condition being satisfied or the not-low mobility condition being no longer satisfied. For instance, an MR of the UE can be disabled. An LP-WUR of the UE can monitor LP-WUS.

In an example, the operational flow/algorithmic structure 1400 includes, at 1406, determining that the low mobility condition is no longer satisfied or that the not-low mobility condition is satisfied. Here also, it may be sufficient to check one of the two conditions. Additional conditions such as channel quality conditions can also be checked.

In an example, the operational flow/algorithmic structure 1400 includes, at 1408, stopping the LP-WUS monitoring based on the low mobility condition no longer being satisfied or that the not-low mobility condition is satisfied. For instance, the MR may remain disabled. The LP-WUR may stop the LP-WUS monitoring and can enter a deactivated state (including an ultra-deep-sleep-power state) .

FIG. 15 illustrates an example of an operational flow/algorithmic structure 1500 for LP-WUS monitoring in in accordance with some embodiments. The operational flow/algorithmic structure 1500 can be implemented by a network (e.g., by a base station thereof and/or an apparatus of the base station, where the apparatus includes processing circuitry) . The network can be any of the networks described herein. In some embodiments, the operational flow/algorithmic structure 1500 may be implemented by executing instructions stored in a tangible, non-transitory, computer-readable storage medium, such as a memory of the base station. While the operational flow/algorithmic structure 1500 is described using steps in a specific sequence, it should be understood that the present disclosure contemplates that the described steps may be performed in different sequences than the sequence illustrated, and certain described steps may be omitted or not performed altogether.

In an example, the operational flow/algorithmic structure 1500 includes, at 1502, sending, to a UE, configuration information associated with LP-WUS monitoring, the configuration information indicating a low mobility condition and/or a not-low mobility condition to start the LP-WUS monitoring. For example, the configuration information can be sent in RRC signaling based on capability information received from the UE indicating that the UE support LP-WUR operations. The configuration information can indicate different parameters for defining the low and not-low mobility conditions and whether such conditions are satisfied or not as described in FIGS. 12-13.

In an example, the operational flow/algorithmic structure 1500 includes, at 1504, sending, to the UE, an LP-WUS. The LP-WUS can be sent in a paging occasion and can be monitored by an LP-WUR of the UE.

FIG. 16 illustrates receive components 1600 of a, such as any of the UE’s described herein above, in accordance with some embodiments. The receive components 1600 may include an antenna panel 1604 that includes a number of antenna elements. The panel 1604 is shown with four antenna elements, but other embodiments may include other numbers.

The antenna panel 1604 may be coupled to analog beamforming (BF) components that include a number of phase shifters 1608 (1) –1608 (4) . The phase shifters 1608 (1) –1608 (4) may be coupled with a radio-frequency (RF) chain 1612. The RF chain 1612 may amplify a receive analog RF signal, downconvert the RF signal to baseband, and convert the analog baseband signal to a digital baseband signal that may be provided to a baseband processor for further processing. In an example, receive components 1600 can include multiple antenna panels 1604 and/or multiple RF chains 1612. An MR can include an antenna panel 1604 and an RF chain 1612. An LP-WUR can include the same antenna panel 1604 or a different antenna panel and a different RF chain 1612.

In various embodiments, control circuitry, which may reside in a baseband processor, may provide BF weights (for example W1 –W4) , which may represent phase shift values, to the phase shifters 1608 (1) –1608 (4) to provide a receive beam at the antenna panel 1604. These BF weights may be determined based on the channel-based beamforming.

FIG. 17 illustrates a UE 1700, in accordance with some embodiments. The UE 1700 may be similar to and substantially interchangeable with any of the UEs described herein above. Particularly, the UE 1700 can send capability information indicating its support of LP-WUR operations or a relaxed measurement mode, receive and store configuration information associated with performing the LP-WUR operations and MR operations including measuring reference signals of a serving cell and a neighbor cell in a non-relaxed measurement mode or a relaxed measurement mode. The UE 1700 can also switch between such measurement modes and/or control a relaxation level of the relaxed measurement mode. Further, the UE 1700 can determine whether a low mobility condition and/or a high mobility condition are met and accordingly control LP-WUS monitoring.

Similar to that described above with respect to UE 164, the UE 1700 may be any mobile or non-mobile computing device, such as mobile phones, computers, tablets, industrial wireless sensors (for example, microphones, carbon dioxide sensors, pressure sensors, humidity sensors, thermometers, motion sensors, accelerometers, laser scanners, fluid level sensors, inventory sensors, electric voltage/current meters, actuators, etc. ) , video surveillance/monitoring devices (for example, cameras, video cameras, etc. ) , wearable devices, or relaxed-IoT devices. In some embodiments, the UE may be a reduced capacity UE or NR-Light UE.

The UE 1700 may include processors 1704, RF interface circuitry 1708, memory/storage 1712, user interface 1716, sensors 1720, driver circuitry 1722, power management integrated circuit (PMIC) 1724, and battery 1728. The processors 1704, or portions thereof, can represent processing circuitry that can be coupled with an RF chain to form an MR or the LP-WUR. The components of the UE 1700 may be implemented as integrated circuits (ICs) , portions thereof, discrete electronic devices, or other modules, logic, hardware, software, firmware, or a combination thereof. The block diagram of FIG. 17 is intended to show a high-level view of some of the components of the UE 1700. However, some of the components shown may be omitted, additional components may be present, and different arrangements of the components shown may occur in other implementations.

The components of the UE 1700 may be coupled with various other components over one or more interconnects 1732, which may represent any type of interface, input/output, bus (local, system, or expansion) , transmission line, trace, optical connection, etc. that allows various circuit components (on common or different chips or chipsets) to interact with one another.

The processors 1704 may include processor circuitry, such as baseband processor circuitry (BB) 1704A, central processor unit circuitry (CPU) 1704B, and graphics processor unit circuitry (GPU) 1704C. The processors 1704 may include any type of circuitry or processor circuitry that executes or otherwise operates computer-executable instructions, such as program code, software modules, or functional processes from memory/storage 1712 to cause the UE 1700 to perform operations as described herein.

In some embodiments, the baseband processor circuitry 1704A may access a communication protocol stack 1736 in the memory/storage 1712 to communicate over a 3GPP compatible network. In general, the baseband processor circuitry 1704A may access the communication protocol stack to: perform user plane functions at a PHY layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, SDAP layer, and PDU layer; and perform control plane functions at a PHY layer, MAC layer, RLC layer, PDCP layer, RRC layer, and a non-access stratum “NAS” layer. In some embodiments, the PHY layer operations may additionally/alternatively be performed by the components of the RF interface circuitry 1708.

The baseband processor circuitry 1704A may generate or process baseband signals or waveforms that carry information in 3GPP-compatible networks. In some embodiments, the waveforms for NR may be based on cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) in the uplink or downlink, and discrete Fourier transform spread OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) in the uplink.

The baseband processor circuitry 1704A may also access group information from memory/storage 1712 to determine search space groups in which a number of repetitions of a PDCCH may be transmitted.

The memory/storage 1712 may include any type of volatile or non-volatile memory that may be distributed throughout the UE 1700. In some embodiments, some of the memory/storage 1712 may be located on the processors 1704 themselves (for example, L1 and L2 cache) , while other memory/storage 1712 is external to the processors 1704 but accessible thereto via a memory interface. The memory/storage 1712 may include any suitable volatile or non-volatile memory, such as, but not limited to, dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) , static random-access memory (SRAM) , erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM) , electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) , Flash memory, solid-state memory, or any other type of memory device technology.

The RF interface circuitry 1708 may include transceiver circuitry and a radio frequency front module (RFEM) that allows the UE 1700 to communicate with other devices over a radio access network. The RF interface circuitry 1708 may include various elements arranged in transmit or receive paths. These elements may include, for example, switches, mixers, amplifiers, filters, synthesizer circuitry, control circuitry, etc.

In the receive path, the RFEM may receive a radiated signal from an air interface via an antenna 1750 and proceed to filter and amplify (with a low-noise amplifier) the signal. The signal may be provided to a receiver of the transceiver that down-converts the RF signal into a baseband signal that is provided to the baseband processor of the processors 1704.

In the transmit path, the transmitter of the transceiver up-converts the baseband signal received from the baseband processor and provides the RF signal to the RFEM. The RFEM may amplify the RF signal through a power amplifier prior to the signal being radiated across the air interface via the antenna 1750.

In various embodiments, the RF interface circuitry 1708 may be configured to transmit/receive signals in a manner compatible with NR access technologies.

The antenna 1750 may include a number of antenna elements that each convert electrical signals into radio waves to travel through the air and to convert received radio waves into electrical signals. The antenna elements may be arranged into one or more antenna panels. The antenna 1750 may have antenna panels that are omnidirectional, directional, or a combination thereof to enable beamforming and multiple input, multiple output communications. The antenna 1750 may include microstrip antennas, printed antennas fabricated on the surface of one or more printed circuit boards, patch antennas, phased array antennas, etc. The antenna 1750 may have one or more panels designed for specific frequency bands including bands in FR1 or FR2.

The user interface circuitry 1716 includes various input/output (I/O) devices designed to enable user interaction with the UE 1700. The user interface 1716 includes input device circuitry and output device circuitry. Input device circuitry includes any physical or virtual means for accepting an input including, inter alia, one or more physical or virtual buttons (for example, a reset button) , a physical keyboard, keypad, mouse, touchpad, touchscreen, microphones, scanner, headset, or the like. The output device circuitry includes any physical or virtual means for showing information or otherwise conveying information, such as sensor readings, actuator position (s) , or other like information. Output device circuitry may include any number or combinations of audio or visual display, including, inter alia, one or more simple visual outputs/indicators (for example, binary status indicators, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs) and multi-character visual outputs, or more complex outputs, such as display devices or touchscreens (for example, liquid crystal displays (LCDs) , LED displays, quantum dot displays, projectors, etc. ) , with the output of characters, graphics, multimedia objects, and the like being generated or produced from the operation of the UE 1700.

The sensors 1720 may include devices, modules, or subsystems whose purpose is to detect events or changes in its environment and send the information (sensor data) about the detected events to some other device, module, subsystem, etc. Examples of such sensors include, inter alia, inertia measurement units comprising accelerometers; gyroscopes; or magnetometers; microelectromechanical systems or nanoelectromechanical systems comprising 3-axis accelerometers; 3-axis gyroscopes; or magnetometers; level sensors; flow sensors; temperature sensors (for example, thermistors) ; pressure sensors; barometric pressure sensors; gravimeters; altimeters; image capture devices (for example; cameras or lensless apertures) ; light detection and ranging sensors; proximity sensors (for example, infrared radiation detector and the like) ; depth sensors; ambient light sensors; ultrasonic transceivers; microphones or other like audio capture devices; etc.

The driver circuitry 1722 may include software and hardware elements that operate to control particular devices that are embedded in the UE 1700, attached to the UE 1700, or otherwise communicatively coupled with the UE 1700. The driver circuitry 1722 may include individual drivers allowing other components to interact with or control various input/output (I/O) devices that may be present within, or connected to, the UE 1700. For example, driver circuitry 1722 may include a display driver to control and allow access to a display device, a touchscreen driver to control and allow access to a touchscreen interface, sensor drivers to obtain sensor readings of sensor circuitry 1720 and control and allow access to sensor circuitry 1720, drivers to obtain actuator positions of electro-mechanic components or control and allow access to the electro-mechanic components, a camera driver to control and allow access to an embedded image capture device, audio drivers to control and allow access to one or more audio devices.

The PMIC 1724 may manage power provided to various components of the UE 1700. In particular, with respect to the processors 1704, the PMIC 1724 may control power-source selection, voltage scaling, battery charging, or DC-to-DC conversion.

In some embodiments, the PMIC 1724 may control, or otherwise be part of, various power saving mechanisms of the UE 1700. For example, if the platform UE is in an RRC_Connected state, where it is still connected to the RAN node as it expects to receive traffic shortly, then it may enter a state known as Discontinuous Reception Mode (DRX) after a period of inactivity. During this state, the UE 1700 may power down for brief intervals of time and thus save power. If there is no data traffic activity for an extended period of time, then the UE 1700 may transition off to an RRC_Idle state, where it disconnects from the network and does not perform operations, such as channel quality feedback, handover, etc. The UE 1700 goes into a very low power state and it performs paging where again it periodically wakes up to listen to the network and then powers down again. The UE 1700 may not receive data in this state; in order to receive data, it must transition back to RRC_Connected state. An additional power saving mode may allow a device to be unavailable to the network for periods longer than a paging interval (ranging from seconds to a few hours) . During this time, the device is totally unreachable to the network and may power down completely. Any data sent during this time incurs a large delay and it is assumed the delay is acceptable.

A battery 1728 may power the UE 1700, although in some examples the UE 1700 may be mounted deployed in a fixed location and may have a power supply coupled to an electrical grid. The battery 1728 may be a lithium-ion battery, a metal-air battery, such as a zinc-air battery, an aluminum-air battery, a lithium-air battery, and the like. In some implementations, such as in vehicle-based applications, the battery 1728 may be a typical lead-acid automotive battery.

FIG. 18 illustrates a gNB 1800, in accordance with some embodiments. The gNB 1800 may be similar to and substantially interchangeable with the gNB 168 of FIG. 1 and other base stations described herein above. Particularly, the gNB 1800 can receive capability information indicating a UE’s support of LP-WUR operations or a relaxed measurement mode. Based on the capability information, the gNB 1800 can send configuration information to the UE, where this information can configure the UE to perform the LP-WUR operations and MR operations including measuring reference signals of a serving cell and a neighbor cell in a non-relaxed measurement mode or a relaxed measurement mode, switching between such measurement modes, controlling a relaxation level of the relaxed measurement mode, and/or determining whether a low mobility condition and/or a high mobility condition are met and accordingly control LP-WUS monitoring.

The gNB 1800 may include processors 1804, RAN interface circuitry 1808, core network (CN) interface circuitry 1812, and memory/storage circuitry 1816.

The components of the gNB 1800 may be coupled with various other components over one or more interconnects 1828.

The processors 1804, RAN interface circuitry 1808, memory/storage circuitry 1816 (including communication protocol stack 1810) , antenna 1850, and interconnects 1828 may be similar to like-named elements shown and described with respect to FIG. 17.

The CN interface circuitry 1812 may provide connectivity to a core network, for example, a Fifth Generation Core network (5GC) using a 5GC-compatible network interface protocol, such as carrier Ethernet protocols, or some other suitable protocol. Network connectivity may be provided to/from the gNB 1800 via a fiber optic or wireless backhaul. The CN interface circuitry 1812 may include one or more dedicated processors or FPGAs to communicate using one or more of the aforementioned protocols. In some implementations, the CN interface circuitry 1812 may include multiple controllers to provide connectivity to other networks using the same or different protocols.

It is well understood that the use of personally identifiable information should follow privacy policies and practices that are generally recognized as meeting or exceeding industry or governmental requirements for maintaining the privacy of users. In particular, personally identifiable information data should be managed and handled so as to minimize risks of unintentional or unauthorized access or use, and the nature of authorized use should be clearly indicated to users.

For one or more embodiments, at least one of the components set forth in one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to perform one or more operations, techniques, processes, or methods as set forth in the example section below. For example, the baseband circuitry as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below. For another example, circuitry associated with a UE, base station, network element, etc. as described above in connection with one or more of the preceding figures may be configured to operate in accordance with one or more of the examples set forth below in the example section.

Examples

In the following sections, further exemplary embodiments are provided.

Example 1 includes a method comprising: performing a first measurement of a first reference signal received by a first radio of a user equipment (UE) ; determining, based on the first measurement and for a set of measurements to be performed by a second radio of the UE upon the second radio being woken up, a measurement mode from a plurality of measurement modes, the first radio configured to use lower power than the second radio, the plurality of measurement modes including a first measurement mode and a second measurement mode, the second measurement mode enabling at least one of: a longer or equivalent measurement period or a longer or equivalent measurement time interval relative to the first measurement mode; and performing, upon the second radio being woken up and by using the measurement mode, a second measurement of a second reference signal received by the second radio.

Example 2 includes a method comprising: determining, based on capability information received from a user equipment (UE) , that the UE supports cell measurements using a first radio and a second radio, the first radio configured to use lower power than the second radio, the second radio configured to support a first measurement mode and a second measurement mode, the second measurement mode enabling at least one of: a longer measurement period or a longer measurement time interval relative to the first measurement mode; and sending, to the UE, configuration information based on the capability information, the configuration information enabling the UE to perform a first measurement a first reference signal received by the first radio, and determine, based on the first measurement, whether a second measurement of a second reference signal received by the second radio is to be performed using the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode.

Example 3 includes the method of any example 1 to 2, wherein the second radio is woken up based on the first measurement, and wherein the measurement mode is determined to be the second measurement mode independently of whether the first radio is disabled when the second reference signal is received.

Example 4 includes the method of any example 1 to 2, wherein the second radio is woken up based on the first measurement, and wherein the measurement mode is determined to be the first measurement mode independently of whether the first radio is disabled when the second reference signal is received.

Example 5 includes the method of any example 1 to 2, wherein the second radio is woken up based on the first measurement, and wherein the measurement mode is determined to be the second measurement mode based on the first radio remaining enabled when the second reference signal is received.

Example 6 includes the method of any example 1 to 2, wherein the second radio is woken up based on the first measurement, and wherein the measurement mode is determined to be the first measurement mode based on the first radio being disabled when the second reference signal is received.

Example 7 includes the method of any example 1 to 2, wherein the second radio is woken up based on the first measurement, and wherein the measurement mode is determined to be one of the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode based on a comparison of a result of the first measurement with a set of measurement thresholds.

Example 8 includes the method of example 7, further comprising: comparing or causing a comparison of a result of the first measurement with a first measurement threshold associated with the first measurement mode and with a second measurement threshold associated with the second measurement mode.

Example 9 includes the method of example 8, wherein the measurement mode is determined to be the first measurement mode if a result of the first measurement is larger than the first measurement threshold and smaller than the second measurement threshold.

Example 10 includes the method of example 8, wherein the measurement mode is determined to be the second measurement mode if a result of the first measurement is larger than the first measurement threshold and the second measurement threshold.

Example 11 includes the method of any example 8 to 10, wherein the first reference signal includes a low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS) , and wherein at least one of the first measurement threshold or the second measurement threshold is adjusted based on at least one of: an LP-SS sample number or an LP-SS repetition.

Example 12 includes the method of any example 1 to 11, further comprising: performing or causing performance of, while the first radio and the second radio are enabled, a third measurement of a third reference signal received by the first radio; and determining or causing a determination of, based on the third measurement, whether to use the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode to generate cell measurements associated with the second radio.

Example 13 includes the method of any example 1 to 11, further comprising: performing or causing performance of, while the first radio and the second radio are enabled, a third measurement of a third reference signal received by the first radio and a fourth measurement of the third reference signal received by the second radio or of a fourth reference signal received by the second radio, the fourth measurement performed using the first measurement mode; and determining or causing a determination of, based on a result of the third measurement being larger than a first measurement threshold and a result of the second measurement being larger than a second measurement threshold, that the second measurement mode is to be used to generate cell measurements associated with the second radio, wherein the first measurement threshold is the same as or different from the second measurement threshold.

Example 14 includes the method of any example 1 to 11, further comprising: performing or causing performance of, while the first radio and the second radio are enabled, a third measurement of a third reference signal received by the first radio and a fourth measurement of the third reference signal received by the second radio or of a fourth reference signal received by the second radio, the fourth measurement performed using the first measurement mode; and determining or causing a determination of, based on at least one of:a result of the third measurement being larger than a first measurement threshold or a result of the second measurement being larger than a second measurement threshold, that the second measurement mode is to be used to generate cell measurements associated with the second radio, wherein the first measurement threshold is the same as or different from the second measurement threshold.

Example 15 includes the method of any example 1 to 11, further comprising: performing or causing performance of, while the first radio and the second radio are enabled, a third measurement of a third reference signal received by the first radio; determining or causing a determination of, based on a result of the third measurement being larger than a first measurement threshold, whether to use the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode to generate cell measurements associated with the second radio; performing or causing performance of, while the first radio and the second radio are enabled and after determining whether to use the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode, a fourth measurement of a fourth reference signal received by the second radio; and determining or causing a determination of, based on a result of the fourth measurement being larger than a second measurement threshold, whether to continue using the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode to generate the cell measurements, wherein the first measurement threshold is the same as or different from the second measurement threshold.

Example 16 includes the method of any example 1 to 11, further comprising: performing or causing performance of, while the first radio and the second radio are enabled, a third measurement of a third reference signal received by the second radio; and determining or causing determination of, based on a result of the third measurement being larger than a measurement threshold, whether to use the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode to generate cell measurements associated with the second radio.

Example 17 includes the method of any example 1 to 11, further comprising: performing or causing performance of, while the first radio and the second radio are enabled, a third measurement of a third reference signal associated with a serving cell and received by the first radio and a fourth measurement of the third reference signal received by the second radio or of a fourth reference signal associated with a neighbor cell and received by the second radio; determining or causing a determination of, based on a first comparison of the third measurement with a first measurement threshold, whether to use the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode for first cell measurements of the serving cell, the first cell measurements associated with the first radio; and determining or causing a determination of, based on a first comparison of the fourth measurement with a second measurement threshold, whether to use the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode for second cell measurements of a neighbor cell, the second cell measurements associated with the first radio, wherein the first measurement threshold is the same as or different from the second measurement threshold.

Example 18 includes the method of any example 1 to 11, further comprising: performing or causing performance of, while the first radio and the second radio are enabled, a third measurement of a third reference signal associated with a neighbor cell and received by the first radio and a fourth measurement of the third reference signal received by the second radio or of a fourth reference signal associated with the serving cell and received by the second radio; determining or causing a determination of, based on a first comparison of the third measurement with a first measurement threshold, whether to use the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode for first cell measurements of a neighbor cell, the first cell measurements associated with the first radio; and determining or causing a determination of, based on a first comparison of the fourth measurement with a second measurement threshold, whether to use the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode for second cell measurements of the serving cell, the second cell measurements associated with the first radio, wherein the first measurement threshold is the same as or different from the second measurement threshold.

Example 19 includes the method of any example 1 to 18, wherein the configuration information indicates a set of measurement thresholds usable by the UE in at least selecting a measurement mode from the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode, or continuing to use the measurement mode after second radio is woken up.

Example 20 includes a user equipment (UE) or an apparatus comprising: one or more processors; and one or more memory storing instructions that, upon execution by the one or more processors, configure the UE or the apparatus to perform a method described in or related to any of the preceding examples.

Example 21 includes one or more computer-readable media storing instructions that, when executed on a user equipment (UE) or an apparatus, cause the UE or the apparatus to perform operations comprising those of a method described in or related to any of the preceding examples.

Example 22 includes an apparatus comprising means to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of the preceding examples.

Example 23 includes one or more non-transitory computer-readable media comprising instructions to cause an apparatus, upon execution of the instructions by one or more processors of the apparatus, to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of the preceding examples.

Example 24 includes an apparatus comprising logic, modules, or processing circuitry configured to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of the preceding examples.

Example 25 includes an apparatus, a network, a base station, or a system comprising: one or more processors and one or more computer-readable media comprising instructions that, when executed by the one or more processors, cause the one or more processors to perform one or more elements of a method described in or related to any of the preceding examples.

Any of the above-described examples may be combined with any other example (or combination of examples) , unless explicitly stated otherwise. The foregoing description of one or more implementations provides illustration and description but is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the scope of embodiments to the precise form disclosed. Modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings or may be acquired from practice of various embodiments.

Although the embodiments above have been described in considerable detail, numerous variations and modifications will become apparent to those skilled in the art once the above disclosure is fully appreciated. It is intended that the following claims be interpreted to embrace all such variations and modifications.

Claims

A method comprising:

performing a first measurement of a first reference signal received by a first radio of a user equipment (UE) ;

determining, based on the first measurement and for a set of measurements to be performed by a second radio of the UE upon the second radio being woken up, a measurement mode from a plurality of measurement modes, the first radio configured to use lower power than the second radio, the plurality of measurement modes including a first measurement mode and a second measurement mode, the second measurement mode enabling at least one of: a longer or equivalent measurement period or a longer or equivalent measurement time interval relative to the first measurement mode; and

performing, upon the second radio being woken up and by using the measurement mode, a second measurement of a second reference signal received by the second radio.
The method of claim 1, wherein the second radio is woken up based on the first measurement, and wherein the measurement mode is determined to be the second measurement mode independently of whether the first radio is disabled when the second reference signal is received.
The method of claim 1, wherein the second radio is woken up based on the first measurement, and wherein the measurement mode is determined to be the first measurement mode independently of whether the first radio is disabled when the second reference signal is received.
The method of claim 1, wherein the second radio is woken up based on the first measurement, and wherein the measurement mode is determined to be the second measurement mode based on the first radio remaining enabled when the second reference signal is received.
The method of claim 1, wherein the second radio is woken up based on the first measurement, and wherein the measurement mode is determined to be the first measurement mode based on the first radio being disabled when the second reference signal is received.
The method of claim 1, wherein the second radio is woken up based on the first measurement, and wherein the measurement mode is determined to be one of the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode based on a comparison of a result of the first measurement with a set of measurement thresholds.
The method of claim 6, further comprising:

comparing a result of the first measurement with a first measurement threshold associated with the first measurement mode and with a second measurement threshold associated with the second measurement mode.
The method of claim 7, wherein the measurement mode is determined to be the first measurement mode if a result of the first measurement is larger than the first measurement threshold and smaller than the second measurement threshold.
The method of claim 7, wherein the measurement mode is determined to be the second measurement mode if a result of the first measurement is larger than the first measurement threshold and the second measurement threshold.
The method of claim 7, wherein the first reference signal includes a low-power synchronization signal (LP-SS) , and wherein at least one of the first measurement threshold or the second measurement threshold is adjusted based on at least one of: an LP-SS sample number or an LP-SS repetition.
An apparatus comprising:

processing circuitry coupled with a first receiver and a second receiver, wherein:

at least a first portion of the processing circuitry coupled with the first receiver corresponds to a first radio,

at least a second portion of the processing circuitry coupled with the second receiver corresponds to a second radio,

the first radio is configured to use lower power than the second radio, and the processing circuitry is configured to:

perform a first measurement of a first reference signal received by the first radio;

determine, based on the first measurement and for a set of measurements to be performed by the second radio upon the second radio being woken up, a measurement mode from a plurality of measurement modes, the plurality of measurement modes including a first measurement mode and a second measurement mode, the second measurement mode enabling at least one of: a longer measurement period or a longer measurement time interval relative to the first measurement mode; and

perform, upon the second radio being woken up and by using the measurement mode, a second measurement of a second reference signal received by the second radio.
The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:

perform, while the first radio and the second radio are enabled, a third measurement of a third reference signal received by the first radio; and

determine, based on the third measurement, whether to use the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode to generate cell measurements associated with the second radio.
The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:

perform, while the first radio and the second radio are enabled, a third measurement of a third reference signal received by the first radio and a fourth measurement of the third reference signal received by the second radio or of a fourth reference signal received by the second radio, the fourth measurement performed using the first measurement mode; and

determine, based on a result of the third measurement being larger than a first measurement threshold and a result of the second measurement being larger than a second measurement threshold, that the second measurement mode is to be used to generate cell measurements associated with the second radio, wherein the first measurement threshold is the same as or different from the second measurement threshold.
The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:

perform, while the first radio and the second radio are enabled, a third measurement of a third reference signal received by the first radio and a fourth measurement of the third reference signal received by the second radio or of a fourth reference signal received by the second radio, the fourth measurement performed using the first measurement mode; and

determine, based on at least one of: a result of the third measurement being larger than a first measurement threshold or a result of the second measurement being larger than a second measurement threshold, that the second measurement mode is to be used to generate cell measurements associated with the second radio, wherein the first measurement threshold is the same as or different from the second measurement threshold.
The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:

perform, while the first radio and the second radio are enabled, a third measurement of a third reference signal received by the first radio;

determine, based on a result of the third measurement being larger than a first measurement threshold, whether to use the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode to generate cell measurements associated with the second radio;

perform, while the first radio and the second radio are enabled and after determining whether to use the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode, a fourth measurement of a fourth reference signal received by the second radio; and

determine, based on a result of the fourth measurement being larger than a second measurement threshold, whether to continue using the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode to generate the cell measurements, wherein the first measurement threshold is the same as or different from the second measurement threshold.
The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:

perform, while the first radio and the second radio are enabled, a third measurement of a third reference signal received by the second radio; and

determine, based on a result of the third measurement being larger than a measurement threshold, whether to use the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode to generate cell measurements associated with the second radio.
The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:

perform, while the first radio and the second radio are enabled, a third measurement of a third reference signal associated with a serving cell and received by the first radio and a fourth measurement of the third reference signal received by the second radio or of a fourth reference signal associated with a neighbor cell and received by the second radio;

determine, based on a first comparison of the third measurement with a first measurement threshold, whether to use the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode for first cell measurements of the serving cell, the first cell measurements associated with the first radio; and

determine, based on a first comparison of the fourth measurement with a second measurement threshold, whether to use the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode for second cell measurements of a neighbor cell, the second cell measurements associated with the first radio, wherein the first measurement threshold is the same as or different from the second measurement threshold.
The apparatus of claim 11, wherein the processing circuitry is further configured to:

perform, while the first radio and the second radio are enabled, a third measurement of a third reference signal associated with a neighbor cell and received by the first radio and a fourth measurement of the third reference signal received by the second radio or of a fourth reference signal associated with the serving cell and received by the second radio;

determine, based on a first comparison of the third measurement with a first measurement threshold, whether to use the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode for first cell measurements of a neighbor cell, the first cell measurements associated with the first radio; and

determine, based on a first comparison of the fourth measurement with a second measurement threshold, whether to use the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode for second cell measurements of the serving cell, the second cell measurements associated with the first radio, wherein the first measurement threshold is the same as or different from the second measurement threshold.
A method comprising:

determining, based on capability information received from a user equipment (UE) , that the UE supports cell measurements using a first radio and a second radio, the first radio configured to use lower power than the second radio, the second radio configured to support a first measurement mode and a second measurement mode, the second measurement mode enabling at least one of: a longer measurement period or a longer measurement time interval relative to the first measurement mode; and

sending, to the UE, configuration information based on the capability information, the configuration information enabling the UE to perform a first measurement a first reference signal received by the first radio, and determine, based on the first measurement, whether a second measurement of a second reference signal received by the second radio is to be performed using the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode.
The method of claim 19, wherein the configuration information indicates a set of measurement thresholds usable by the UE in at least selecting a measurement mode from the first measurement mode or the second measurement mode, or continuing to use the measurement mode after second radio is woken up.