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WO2025226094A1 - Dispositif optique - Google Patents

Dispositif optique

Info

Publication number
WO2025226094A1
WO2025226094A1 PCT/KR2025/005725 KR2025005725W WO2025226094A1 WO 2025226094 A1 WO2025226094 A1 WO 2025226094A1 KR 2025005725 W KR2025005725 W KR 2025005725W WO 2025226094 A1 WO2025226094 A1 WO 2025226094A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
liquid crystal
layer
crystal cell
spacer
electrode layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/KR2025/005725
Other languages
English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
유정선
서한민
이범진
김진홍
김정운
박영진
손진호
문찬식
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
LG Chem Ltd
Original Assignee
LG Chem Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by LG Chem Ltd filed Critical LG Chem Ltd
Publication of WO2025226094A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025226094A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1347—Arrangement of liquid crystal layers or cells in which the final condition of one light beam is achieved by the addition of the effects of two or more layers or cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
    • G02F1/133528—Polarisers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1339—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells
    • G02F1/13394—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells spacers regularly patterned on the cell subtrate, e.g. walls, pillars
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
    • G02F2202/28—Adhesive materials or arrangements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
    • G02F2202/42—Materials having a particular dielectric constant

Definitions

  • Liquid crystal cells can be used as variable transmittance devices that can switch between at least two states with different transmittances. Variable transmittance devices are applied to various applications, including eyewear such as sunglasses or glasses, building exteriors, and vehicle sunroofs.
  • Liquid crystal cells can generally have a structure in which a liquid crystal layer is located between an upper electrode layer and a lower electrode layer (Patent Document 1: Republic of Korea Patent Publication No. 10-2017-0117893).
  • Liquid crystal cells may, if necessary, further include other layers in addition to the liquid crystal layer. If the other layers are dielectric materials, the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer may decrease, resulting in an increase in the driving voltage. In particular, if there is a limit to the voltage that can be applied in the environment in which the liquid crystal cell is applied, the increase in the driving voltage may become a significant problem that needs to be solved.
  • the task of the present application is to provide an optical device capable of normal voltage driving even when other dielectric layers other than the liquid crystal layer exist between the upper electrode layer and the lower electrode layer in a liquid crystal cell.
  • the present application relates to an optical device.
  • the optical device may include a liquid crystal cell.
  • the liquid crystal cell may include a first electrode layer, a second electrode layer, and a liquid crystal layer between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.
  • the liquid crystal cell may further include at least one dielectric layer in addition to the liquid crystal layer. The at least one dielectric layer may be present between the first electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer and/or between the second electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer.
  • the optical device can satisfy the following equation 1. Through this, normal voltage driving is possible even when other dielectric layers besides the liquid crystal layer exist between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. In the present specification, normal voltage driving is possible may mean that the V90 voltage does not abnormally increase.
  • the V90 voltage may mean a voltage at which the transmittance becomes 90% when measuring the relative transmittance for the optical device.
  • the relative transmittance may be measured for an optical device composed of only a liquid crystal cell, or may be measured for an optical device in which a first polarizer and a second polarizer exist on both sides of the liquid crystal cell.
  • V T is the driving voltage of the liquid crystal cell
  • V PI-LC is the voltage applied to the actual liquid crystal layer at a voltage where the relative transmittance is 90% in the PI-PI liquid crystal cell
  • C LC is the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer
  • 1/C T-LC is the sum of the reciprocals of the capacitances of the dielectric layers other than the liquid crystal layer in the liquid crystal cell
  • the PI-PI cell means a liquid crystal cell including a first electrode layer, a first alignment film, the liquid crystal layer, a second alignment film, and a second electrode layer.
  • V LC refers to the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer during the voltage operation of the liquid crystal cell
  • V PI-LC may refer to the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer when V90 is in the PI-PI liquid crystal cell.
  • V90 may refer to the voltage when the relative transmittance is 90%.
  • the process of deriving equation 1 from V LC ⁇ V PI-LC is as follows. The process below applies the principle of a series-connected capacitor because the dielectrics included in the liquid crystal cell can be viewed as being series-connected. At this time, V PI-LC can be obtained from the following equation 4.
  • V LC The principle that V T ⁇ C T /C LC
  • V LC V T ⁇ C T /C LC
  • 1/C T is 1/C LC + The principle of 1/C T-LC
  • 1/C T 1/C LC + (1/C PI + 1/C OCA + 1/C UC + 1/C Residue )
  • V PI-LC V PI-90 ⁇ C T /C LC
  • V PI-90 is the voltage at which the relative transmittance becomes 90% in the PI-PI liquid crystal cell
  • CT is the reciprocal of 1/C PI + 1/C LC + 1/C PI
  • C PI is the capacitance of the alignment layer
  • C LC is the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer.
  • Relative transmittance is the transmittance range expressed as a percentage within the measured voltage range. For example, when measuring transmittance from 0 V to 100 V, when the transmittance is the highest (e.g., 100 V) within the measured voltage range, Tmax is the transmittance, when the transmittance is the lowest (e.g., 0 V) is Tmin, and when the transmittance at a specific voltage is Tv, the relative transmittance at a specific voltage can be defined as (Tv-Tmin)/(Tmax-Tmin) ⁇ 100(%). Relative transmittance can be used to compare the driving characteristics, Vth, V90, etc., between liquid crystal cells having different transmittance ranges.
  • the (V T - V PI-LC )/(V PI-LC ⁇ C LC ) - 1/C T-LC value can be 0 or greater, 0.01 or greater, 0.05 or greater, 0.1 or greater, 0.2 or greater, 0.3 or greater, 0.4 or greater, 0.5 or greater, 0.6 or greater, 0.7 or greater, 0.8 or greater, 0.9 or greater, 1.0 or greater, 1.2 or greater, 1.4 or greater, 1.6 or greater, 1.8 or greater, 2.0 or greater, 2.2 or greater, 2.4 or greater, 2.6 or greater, 2.8 or greater, 3.0 or greater, 3.2 or greater, 3.4 or greater, 3.6 or greater, 3.8 or greater, 4.0 or greater, 4.2 or greater, or 4.4 or greater.
  • the upper limit of the (V T - V PI-LC )/(V PI-LC ⁇ C LC ) - 1/C T-LC value is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 7 or less, or 5 ⁇ 10 6 or less.
  • V T is the driving voltage of the liquid crystal cell.
  • the driving voltage V T of the liquid crystal cell may refer to the voltage applied to the liquid crystal cell to operate the liquid crystal cell.
  • V T is an external voltage applied to the liquid crystal cell and can be confirmed from the device setting value of the voltage supply device, etc. In the present application, it was evaluated whether the liquid crystal cell is normally driven by voltage by confirming whether the V90 voltage of the liquid crystal cell is lower than the driving voltage V T of the liquid crystal cell.
  • the driving voltage V T of the liquid crystal cell may be appropriately selected within a range that can satisfy Equation 1. In one example, the driving voltage V T of the liquid crystal cell may be in the range of 1 V to 300 V, and specifically, may be 1 V or more, 10 V or more, or 20 V or more, and may be 300 V or less.
  • V PI-LC is a voltage applied to an actual liquid crystal layer at a voltage where the relative transmittance is 90% in a PI-PI liquid crystal cell.
  • the voltage where the relative transmittance is 90% may refer to a voltage at a point where the relative transmittance reaches 90% when the liquid crystal cell is driven by voltage.
  • the voltage applied to the actual liquid crystal layer may refer to a voltage value distributed to the liquid crystal layer calculated based on the series dielectric model.
  • V PI-LC may be appropriately selected within a range that can satisfy Equation 1. In one example, V PI-LC may be in a range of 1 V to 300 V.
  • the PI-PI liquid crystal cell refers to a liquid crystal cell sequentially including a first electrode layer, a first alignment film, the liquid crystal layer, a second alignment film, and a second electrode layer.
  • the above PI-PI liquid crystal cell does not include a dielectric layer between the first electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer, or between the second electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer, in addition to the first alignment film and the second alignment film.
  • a PI-PI liquid crystal cell when it is not referred to as a PI-PI liquid crystal cell but only as a liquid crystal cell, it may refer to a liquid crystal cell included in an optical device that is the subject of the present application.
  • the PI-PI liquid crystal cell can be distinguished by a structure in which two alignment films are present on both sides of a liquid crystal layer, and the liquid crystal cell of the present application has an alignment film present only on one side of the liquid crystal layer and an adhesive layer present on the other side.
  • a first substrate layer may be present on the outside of the first electrode layer of the PI-PI liquid crystal cell, and a second substrate layer may be present on the outside of the second electrode layer.
  • the PI-PI liquid crystal cell is a structure derived to know the V PI-LC value of Equation 1, and is a different structure from the liquid crystal cell included in the optical device which is the subject of the present application.
  • the PI-PI liquid crystal cell does not include a dielectric layer such as an adhesive layer, an undercoating layer, and a residual film of a partition spacer, which will be described later.
  • the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer may each be an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) layer, and the first alignment film and the second alignment film may be a polyimide (PI) layer.
  • the liquid crystal layer in the PI-PI liquid crystal cell may be composed of substantially the same material as the liquid crystal layer included in the liquid crystal cell included in the optical device. Accordingly, the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer in the PI-PI liquid crystal cell may be substantially the same as the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer included in the liquid crystal cell included in the optical device.
  • the first alignment film and the second alignment film in the PI-PI liquid crystal cell may be composed of substantially the same material as the alignment film included in the lower substrate of the liquid crystal cell included in the optical device. Accordingly, the capacitances of the first and second alignment films in the PI-PI liquid crystal cell may be substantially the same as the capacitances of the alignment films included in the lower substrate of the liquid crystal cell included in the optical device, respectively.
  • C LC is the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer can be obtained from the dielectric constant ⁇ r of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the dielectric constant of the liquid crystal layer can be obtained from the horizontal dielectric constant ⁇ / and the vertical dielectric constant ⁇ r ⁇ values, where the horizontal dielectric constant is the dielectric constant measured for the liquid crystal layer in a horizontally aligned state, and the vertical dielectric constant is the dielectric constant measured for the liquid crystal layer in a vertically aligned state.
  • the C LC can be obtained from the dielectric constant measured for the liquid crystal layer in an aligned state when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal cell.
  • the C LC when the liquid crystal layer is in a vertically aligned state when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal cell, the C LC can be obtained from the vertical dielectric constant ⁇ r ⁇ . In another example, when the liquid crystal layer in the liquid crystal cell is in a vertically aligned state, the C LC can be obtained from the horizontal dielectric constant ⁇ / when the liquid crystal layer is in a horizontally aligned state.
  • the capacitance C LC of the liquid crystal layer may vary depending on the composition, thickness, and formation method of the liquid crystal layer, and its value may be appropriately selected within a range that satisfies Equation 1.
  • 1/C T-LC is the sum of the reciprocals of the capacitances of the dielectric layers other than the liquid crystal layer in the liquid crystal cell.
  • the capacitances of each dielectric layer are defined as C 1 , C 2 , C 3 , ... C n-2 , C n-1 , C n
  • 1/C T-LC may be 1/C 1 + 1/C 2 + 1/C 3 + ... +1/C n-2 + 1/C n-1 + 1/C n .
  • 1/C T-LC may vary depending on the number, thickness, type, etc. of the dielectric layers other than the liquid crystal layer included in the liquid crystal cell, and its value may be appropriately selected within a range that satisfies Equation 1.
  • the above liquid crystal cell may further include a first substrate layer on the outer side of the first electrode layer, and a second substrate layer on the outer side of the second electrode layer.
  • the “inner side” of a component included in the liquid crystal cell may mean a side facing the liquid crystal layer.
  • the “outer side” of a component included in the liquid crystal cell may mean a side opposite to the side facing the liquid crystal layer.
  • an inorganic film such as a glass film, a crystalline or amorphous silicon film, a quartz or ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) film, or a polymer film can be used, and in terms of implementing a flexible element, a polymer film can be used.
  • the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer may each be a polymer film.
  • the polymer film include triacetyl cellulose (TAC); cyclo olefin copolymer (COP), such as a norbornene derivative; PMMA (poly(methyl methacrylate); PC (polycarbonate); PE (polyethylene); PP (polypropylene); PVA (polyvinyl alcohol); DAC (diacetyl cellulose); PA (Polyacrylate); PES (poly ether sulfone); PEEK (polyetheretherketon); PPS (polyphenylsulfone), PEI (polyetherimide); PEN (polyethylenemaphthatlate); PET (polyethyleneterephtalate); PI (polyimide); PSF (polysulfone); PA (polyarylate) or amorphous fluorine resin, etc. can be used, but are not limited thereto.
  • TAC triacetyl cellulose
  • the thickness of the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer may each be in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 1,000 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer may each independently be 20 ⁇ m or more, 40 ⁇ m or more, 60 ⁇ m or more, 80 ⁇ m or more, 100 ⁇ m or more, or 120 ⁇ m or more, and may be 900 ⁇ m or less, 800 ⁇ m or less, 700 ⁇ m or less, 600 ⁇ m or less, 500 ⁇ m or less, 400 ⁇ m or less, 300 ⁇ m or less, 200 ⁇ m or less, or 100 ⁇ m or less.
  • the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer may each be a polymer film having an in-plane retardation value of 4000 nm or more for light having a wavelength of 550 nm.
  • the in-plane retardation value of the polymer film for a wavelength of 550 nm may be 4,000 nm or more, 5,000 nm or more, 6,000 nm or more, 7,000 nm or more, or 8,000 nm or more, and 50,000 nm or less, 40,000 nm or less, 30,000 nm or less, 20,000 nm or less, 18,000 nm or less, 16,000 nm or less, 15,000 nm or less, or 12,000 nm or less.
  • the first substrate layer and the second substrate layer may each be a polymer film having an in-plane retardation value of 50 nm or less for light having a wavelength of 550 nm.
  • the in-plane retardation value of the polymer film for light having a wavelength of 550 nm may be 50 nm or less, 40 nm or less, 30 nm or less, 20 nm or less, 10 nm or less, or 5 nm or less, and may be 0.1 nm or more, or 0.5 nm or more.
  • the in-plane phase difference (R0) value can be defined by the following equation 1.
  • Equation 1 R0 is the in-plane retardation, d is the thickness of the polymer film, nx is the refractive index of the polymer film in the slow axis direction, and ny is the refractive index of the polymer film in the fast axis direction.
  • the slow axis direction and the fast axis direction can be perpendicular to each other in the plane of the polymer film.
  • the nx and ny can each be the refractive index for light with a wavelength of 550 nm.
  • the ground axis of the first substrate layer and the ground axis of the second substrate layer may be arranged to be parallel or perpendicular to each other.
  • the ground axis may refer to an axis in the direction in which the refractive index is the highest within the plane of the substrate layer or the polymer film.
  • the true axis may refer to an axis in the direction in which the refractive index is the highest within the plane of the substrate layer or the polymer film.
  • the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer may each perform a role of applying an external action, for example, an electric field, to cause the material included in the liquid crystal layer to transmit or block incident light.
  • the first electrode layer and/or the second electrode layer may include, but is not limited to, a conductive polymer, a conductive metal, a conductive nanowire, or a metal oxide such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide).
  • the first electrode layer and/or the second electrode layer may be formed by depositing, for example, the conductive polymer, the conductive metal, the conductive nanowire, or the metal oxide such as ITO (Indium Tin Oxide).
  • the liquid crystal cell may further include an adhesive layer as a dielectric layer.
  • the dielectric properties of the adhesive layer may be appropriately selected within a range that satisfies the above equation 1.
  • the above-described adhesive layer may be present between the first electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer.
  • the adhesive layer may be in contact with the liquid crystal layer.
  • one side of the adhesive layer may be in contact with the liquid crystal layer and the other side may be in contact with the first electrode layer.
  • the adhesive layer may be, for example, a layer of an adhesive composition.
  • layer of an adhesive composition in this specification may mean a layer formed by coating or curing an adhesive composition.
  • curing of an adhesive composition may mean implementing a crosslinking structure in the adhesive composition through a physical or chemical action or reaction of a component included in the adhesive composition.
  • Curing may be induced, for example, by maintaining at room temperature, applying moisture, applying heat, irradiating with active energy rays, or by performing two or more of the above processes together, and in each case, the type of adhesive composition in which curing is induced may be referred to as, for example, a room temperature curable adhesive composition, a moisture curable adhesive composition, a heat curable adhesive composition, an active energy ray curable adhesive composition, or a hybrid curable adhesive composition.
  • the adhesive layer may be optically transparent.
  • the adhesive layer may have an average transmittance of at least about 80%, at least about 85%, at least about 90%, or at least about 95% in the visible light range, for example, at a wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm.
  • the adhesive layer may be a liquid crystal alignment adhesive layer.
  • the adhesive layer may be, for example, a vertical alignment adhesive layer or a horizontal alignment adhesive layer.
  • a “vertical alignment adhesive” may mean an adhesive that provides vertical alignment force to adjacent liquid crystal compounds and has adhesive strength capable of bonding an upper substrate and a lower substrate at the same time.
  • a “horizontal alignment adhesive” may mean an adhesive that provides horizontal alignment force to adjacent liquid crystal compounds and has adhesive strength capable of bonding an upper substrate and a lower substrate at the same time.
  • the pretilt angle of the adjacent liquid crystal compound for the vertically aligned adhesive may be in the range of 80 degrees to 90 degrees, 85 degrees to 90 degrees, or about 87 degrees to 90 degrees, and the pretilt angle of the adjacent liquid crystal compound for the horizontally aligned adhesive may be in the range of 0 degrees to 10 degrees, 0 degrees to 5 degrees, or 0 degrees to 3 degrees.
  • the adhesive layer may be a vertically aligned adhesive layer.
  • the pretilt angle may refer to the angle formed by the direction of the liquid crystal compound with respect to a plane parallel to the liquid crystal alignment adhesive or alignment film when no voltage is applied.
  • the direction of the liquid crystal compound may refer to the optical axis or the slow axis of the liquid crystal region.
  • the direction of the liquid crystal compound may refer to the long axis direction when the liquid crystal compound is in the shape of a rod, and may refer to an axis parallel to the normal direction of the plane of the disc when the liquid crystal compound is in the shape of a disc.
  • the surface energy of the adhesive layer may be 16 mN/m or less.
  • the lower limit of the surface energy may be, for example, 5 mN/m or more.
  • the surface energy of the adhesive layer may be more than 16 mN/m.
  • the upper limit of the surface energy may be, for example, 50 mN/m or less.
  • the surface energy can be measured using a drop shape analyzer (DSA100 product of KRUSS). Specifically, the process of dropping deionized water, which has a known surface tension, on the surface of the adhesive and calculating the contact angle is repeated five times, and the average of the five contact angle values is calculated.
  • the process of dropping diiodomethane, which has a known surface tension, and calculating the contact angle is repeated five times, and the average of the five contact angle values is calculated.
  • the surface energy can be obtained by substituting the surface tension value (Strom value) of the solvent using the Owens-Wendt-Rabel-Kaelble method using the average contact angle for deionized water and diiodomethane.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer may be, for example, in the range of 3 ⁇ m to 15 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the adhesive layer is within the above range, it can be advantageous in minimizing defects such as pressing or crowding of the adhesive when used in the manufacture of a liquid crystal cell while ensuring adhesion between the upper and lower substrates.
  • the adhesive layer may be suitably comprised of various types of adhesives known in the industry as optically clear adhesives (OCAs). These adhesives may differ from optically clear resin (OCR) adhesives, which cure after the objects are bonded, in that they cure before the objects are bonded.
  • OCA optically clear resin
  • the above adhesive layer may include a silicone adhesive.
  • the adhesive composition may include a curable silicone compound as an adhesive resin.
  • An adhesive composition including a curable silicone compound as an adhesive resin may be referred to as a silicone composition.
  • the silicone adhesive may include a cured product of the curable silicone compound as an adhesive resin.
  • a silicone adhesive When a silicone adhesive is used, it may be suitable for exhibiting vertical alignment force for a liquid crystal due to a difference in surface energy with the liquid crystal, and may also be advantageous in terms of preventing contamination of the liquid crystal.
  • the type of the curable silicone compound is not particularly limited, and for example, a heat-curable silicone compound or an ultraviolet-curable silicone compound may be used.
  • the curable silicone compound may be an addition curable silicone compound.
  • the addition-curable silicone compound may include, but is not limited to, (1) an organopolysiloxane containing two or more alkenyl groups in the molecule and (2) an organopolysiloxane containing two or more silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in the molecule.
  • a silicone compound can form a cured product through an addition reaction, for example, in the presence of a catalyst described below.
  • R 1 to R 2 are hydrocarbon groups other than an alkenyl group, and specifically, an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, or a heptyl group; It may be an aryl group such as a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, or a naphthyl group; an aralkyl group such as a benzyl group or a phenentyl group; a halogen-substituted alkyl group such as a chloromethyl group, a 3-chloropropyl group, or a 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group, etc.
  • an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a
  • R 2 may be an alkenyl group, and specifically, may be a vinyl group, an allyl group, a butenyl group, a pentenyl group, a hexenyl group, or a heptenyl group, etc.
  • R 1 is a hydrocarbon group other than an alkenyl group, and specifically, an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexyl group, or a heptyl group; an aryl group such as a phenyl group, a tolyl group, a xylyl group, or a naphthyl group; an aralkyl group such as a benzyl group or a phenentyl group; It may be a halogen-substituted alkyl group such as a chloromethyl group, a 3-chloropropyl group, or a 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl group.
  • an alkyl group such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a hexy
  • the property is a property measured at room temperature unless otherwise specified.
  • room temperature refers to the natural temperature that has not been heated or cooled, and is typically a temperature within the range of about 10°C to 30°C, or about 23°C or about 25°C.
  • the unit of temperature is °C.
  • the measurement pressure affects the result, the property is a property measured at atmospheric pressure unless otherwise specified.
  • atmospheric pressure refers to the natural pressure that has not been pressurized or cooled, and typically refers to about 1 atm as atmospheric pressure.
  • the above liquid crystal cell may further include an alignment film as a dielectric layer.
  • the dielectric properties of the alignment film may be appropriately selected within a range that satisfies the above equation 1.
  • the alignment film may be present between the second electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer.
  • the alignment film may be in contact with the liquid crystal layer.
  • one side of the alignment film may be in contact with the liquid crystal layer, and the other side may be in contact with the second electrode layer and/or a spacer described below.
  • the alignment film may not be present on the inner side of the first electrode layer in the liquid crystal cell. That is, the alignment film may not be present between the first electrode layer and the liquid crystal layer, and this is because the adhesive layer may have a liquid crystal alignment function.
  • the alignment layer may be a vertical alignment layer or a horizontal alignment layer.
  • the horizontal alignment layer may impart horizontal alignment force to liquid crystal materials present in the liquid crystal layer.
  • the vertical alignment layer may refer to a layer including an alignment material that imparts vertical alignment force to liquid crystal materials present in an adjacent liquid crystal layer.
  • the pretilt angle of the adjacent liquid crystal material with respect to the vertical alignment layer may be in the range of 80 to 90 degrees, 85 to 90 degrees, or about 87 to 90 degrees.
  • the pretilt angle of the adjacent liquid crystal material with respect to the horizontal alignment layer may be in the range of 0 to 10 degrees, 0 to 5 degrees, or 0 to 3 degrees.
  • the alignment layer may not have an adhesive force that adheres the upper substrate to the lower substrate.
  • the alignment layer may have a peeling force close to 0 with respect to the upper substrate in the state of the liquid crystal cell of FIGS. 1 to 4.
  • the alignment film may be subjected to an alignment treatment as needed. If the alignment treatment is a rubbing treatment, it may be called a rubbing alignment film, and if the alignment treatment is irradiation of polarized light, it may be called a photo-alignment film.
  • the alignment direction of the alignment film may be a rubbing direction in the case of a rubbing alignment film, and may be the direction of irradiated polarized light in the case of a photo-alignment film. This alignment direction can be confirmed by a detection method using an absorptive linear polarizer.
  • the alignment direction can be confirmed by placing an absorptive linear polarizer on one surface of the liquid crystal layer while horizontally aligning the liquid crystal material included in the liquid crystal layer and measuring the transmittance while rotating the polarizer 360 degrees.
  • the transmittance tends to be low when the absorption axis or transmission axis and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal alignment film are identical, and the alignment direction can be confirmed through simulation that reflects the refractive index anisotropy of the applied liquid crystal material.
  • a method for confirming the alignment direction according to the mode of the liquid crystal layer is known, and in the present application, the alignment direction of the alignment film can be confirmed by this known method.
  • a material known to exhibit alignment ability by rubbing alignment such as a polyimide compound, a poly(vinyl alcohol) compound, a poly(amic acid) compound, a polystyrene compound, a polyamide compound, and a polyoxyethylene compound, or a polyimide compound, a polyamic acid compound, a polynorbornene compound, a phenylmaleimide copolymer compound, a polyvinylcinnamate compound, a polyazobenzene compound, a polyethyleneimide compound, a polyvinylalcohol compound, a polyamide compound, a polyethylene compound, a polystylene compound, a polyphenylenephthalamide compound, It may include at least one selected from the group consisting of materials known to be capable of exhibiting orientation ability upon light irradiation, such as polyester compounds, chloromethylated polyimide (CMPI) compounds, polyvinylcinnamate (PVI) compounds, and polymethyl methacrylate compounds,
  • CMPI
  • the above liquid crystal cell may further include a spacer.
  • the spacer may be formed on the second electrode layer. One side of the spacer may be in contact with the second electrode layer. The other side of the spacer may be in contact with the alignment film or, if the undercoating layer described below is further included, with the undercoating layer. That is, the spacer may be present between the alignment film and the second electrode layer, or, if the undercoating layer described below is further included, between the undercoating layer and the second electrode layer.
  • the above spacer may be a partition wall-shaped spacer (hereinafter, referred to as a partition wall spacer).
  • the partition wall spacer can confine the liquid crystal material by positioning it in the area defined by the partition wall. This can improve the adhesion between the upper and lower substrates while maintaining the cell gap between the upper and lower substrates, and can also be advantageous in terms of the physical rigidity of the liquid crystal cell. All partition walls present on the second electrode layer may be connected to each other and formed into an integral body.
  • the shape of the partition When the substrate on which the partition spacer is formed is observed from a normal direction, the shape of the partition may be a straight line or a curve.
  • the shape of the closed shape defined by the partition When the partition spacer is observed from a normal direction, the shape of the closed shape defined by the partition may be circular, elliptical, polygonal, or irregular.
  • the closed shape defined by the partition is an area where no partition exists, and thus may also be referred to as a non-partition area.
  • the irregular shape may refer to an unformed shape other than circular, elliptical, or polygonal.
  • the normal direction may refer to a direction parallel to the thickness direction of the liquid crystal cell or optical device or the stacking direction of layers included in the liquid crystal cell or optical device.
  • the partition spacer may be a partition spacer having a regular pattern or a partition spacer having a random pattern.
  • a partition spacer having a regular pattern when the substrate on which the partition spacer is formed is observed from a normal direction, the closed shapes partitioned by the partitions may have a regular shape.
  • the regular shape may mean that the shapes of all closed shapes are all n-gons with the same n value (n is an integer greater than or equal to 3, and the upper limit is, for example, 10 or less), and the sizes of all closed shapes are also substantially the same.
  • the partition spacer having a regular pattern may include a honeycomb-shaped partition spacer or a rectangular spacer.
  • the honeycomb-shaped partition spacer may have a non-partition area formed by a combination of regular hexagons, and the rectangular spacer may have a non-partition area formed by a combination of squares or regular rhombuses.
  • a random-pattern partition spacer when observed from a normal direction, the closed shapes partitioned by the partitions may have an irregular shape.
  • a random pattern bulkhead spacer may be derived from randomizing a regular pattern bulkhead spacer. Randomizing the regular pattern bulkhead spacer may mean randomly moving vertices and/or line segments forming a closed polygonal shape of the regular pattern bulkhead spacer. The randomization may cause the line segments to become curves.
  • a random pattern bulkhead spacer derived from the randomization of a regular pattern bulkhead spacer may maintain the relationship between the vertices and line segments of the regular pattern.
  • three curves may meet at one intersection point similar to a honeycomb shape.
  • the spacer may include a curable resin.
  • the curable resin may be a thermosetting resin or a photocurable resin.
  • the thermosetting resin may include at least one selected from the group consisting of silicone resins, silicon resins, franc resins, polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, amino resins, phenol resins, urea resins, polyester resins, and melamine resins.
  • the photocurable resin may be a UV curable resin.
  • the photocurable resin may be an acrylic resin.
  • the acrylic resin may refer to an acrylic polymer including polymerization units derived from (meth)acrylic acid ester monomers.
  • the acrylic polymer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylate polymers, polyester acrylate polymers, polystyrene acrylate polymers, epoxy acrylate polymers, polyurethane acrylate polymers, or polybutadiene acrylate polymers, and silicone acrylate polymers.
  • the spacer may include a cured product of the curable resin composition.
  • the curable resin composition may be a thermosetting resin composition or a photocurable resin composition.
  • the thermosetting resin composition or the photocurable resin composition may include a monomer and/or a polymer so as to be capable of including the above-mentioned curable resin through curing.
  • the spacer may further include a black dye. If the spacer further includes a black dye, it may be advantageous in reducing light leakage occurring in the spacer region.
  • the black dye may be an inorganic material such as carbon black or an organic material such as lactam black.
  • the content of the black dye may be appropriately selected within a range that does not impair the purpose of the present application.
  • the black dye may be included in an amount of 0.1 to 20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the solid content of the curable resin composition.
  • the spacer may be formed by a patterning process.
  • the spacer may be formed by a photolithography process.
  • the photolithography process may include a process of applying a curable resin composition onto a substrate layer (or onto the electrode layer if an electrode layer is formed on the substrate layer) and then irradiating ultraviolet rays through a pattern mask.
  • the pattern mask may be patterned into ultraviolet-transmitting regions and ultraviolet-blocking regions.
  • the photolithography process may further include a process of washing the ultraviolet-irradiated curable resin composition.
  • the ultraviolet-irradiated region is cured, and the non-ultraviolet-irradiated region remains in a liquid state, so that it can be patterned into a partition shape by removing it through the washing process.
  • the ultraviolet-transmitting region of the pattern mask may correspond to the partition shape
  • the ultraviolet-blocking region of the pattern mask may correspond to the shape of the internal region formed by the partition.
  • a release treatment may be performed on the pattern mask to easily separate the curable resin composition and the pattern mask, or a release paper may be positioned between the layer of the curable resin composition and the pattern mask.
  • the spacer can be formed by an imprinting process.
  • the imprinting method can be performed by applying a curable resin composition on a substrate layer (on the electrode layer if the electrode layer is formed on the substrate layer), and then bringing an imprinting mold into contact with the layer of the curable resin composition and then removing the curable resin composition.
  • the imprinting mold can have a pattern (an engraved pattern of the partition pattern) capable of transferring a desired partition pattern.
  • any imprinting mold known in the art can be used without limitation, and for example, a soft mold can be used.
  • any material known in the art can be applied, and for example, a flexible adhesive resin or PDMS (polydimethylsiloxane) can be used, but is not limited thereto.
  • a curing process for curing the curable resin composition can be additionally performed.
  • the above curing process can be performed by applying appropriate energy for curing the curable resin composition, for example, irradiation with heat and/or light.
  • the energy for curing can be, for example, ultraviolet rays.
  • the conditions for applying energy for curing are not particularly limited as long as it is performed so that the curable resin composition can be appropriately cured.
  • the irradiation with energy for curing can be performed, for example, before, simultaneously with, or after contacting the imprinting mold with the curable resin composition.
  • a release treatment can be performed on the imprinting mold to easily separate the curable resin composition and the imprinting mold.
  • the line width, pitch, thickness, and area of the spacer may be appropriately selected within a range that does not impair the purpose of the present application.
  • the line width of the spacer may be in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m or in the range of 10 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the line width of the spacer refers to the line width of the partition wall when the partition wall spacer is observed in the normal direction and refers to the line width of the upper surface of the partition wall.
  • the pitch of the spacer may be in the range of 100 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m or in the range of 200 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m.
  • the pitch of the spacer may refer to the maximum distance between any two points in the cross-sectional shape of the non-barrier region when the partition wall spacer is observed in the normal direction.
  • the area ratio of the spacer may be, for example, about 5% or more and 50% or less with respect to 100% of the total area of the substrate layer.
  • the area ratio of the spacer can refer to the ratio of the total area of the barrier rib to the total area of the substrate layer when observing the substrate on which the spacer is formed in the normal direction.
  • the thickness of the spacer (height of the barrier rib) can be, for example, in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m or 3 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the lower second electrode layer may be exposed between the bulkheads.
  • a residual film may exist between the partition walls in the partition wall spacer.
  • this may be referred to as a partition wall spacer structure including the partition wall spacer and the residual film.
  • the optical device may include a partition wall spacer structure formed on a second electrode layer, and the partition wall spacer structure may include a residual film existing between the partition wall spacer and the partition wall.
  • an undercoating layer described below may exist on the partition wall spacer structure.
  • the residual film may be a dielectric other than a liquid crystal layer included in the liquid crystal cell. The dielectric properties of the residual film may be appropriately selected within a range that satisfies Equation 1.
  • the residual film may include the same material as the partition wall.
  • the residual film may be formed during the process of forming the partition wall.
  • the residual film may be formed when the partition wall spacer is formed by an imprinting process. Since the imprinting process requires full-face exposure, a residual film may inevitably remain. If the residual film is to be removed, an additional etching process is required after forming the barrier spacer. For example, dry etching using plasma or wet etching using a strongly acidic or strong basic solvent can be considered, but these methods can result in increased process costs and process times, and the possibility of spacer shape changes. On the other hand, if a residual film exists, there is an advantage in that the overall transmittance and color of the liquid crystal cell can be adjusted by controlling the thickness of the residual film.
  • the spacer when forming the spacer using a photolithography process, the spacer can be formed without a residual film through a development process after partial exposure. However, if a residual film is required, the residual film can also be formed using the photolithography process by controlling the exposure and development processes. According to the present application, since normal operation of the liquid crystal cell is possible even if a residual film exists, it can be advantageous in that freedom of design regarding the residual film can be secured.
  • the above-mentioned residual film may be a dielectric other than the liquid crystal layer included in the liquid crystal cell.
  • the thickness of the residual film may be smaller than the height of the barrier rib. In one example, the thickness of the residual film may be in the range of 0.01 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the residual film may be 1 ⁇ m or more, 80 ⁇ m or less, 60 ⁇ m or less, 40 ⁇ m or less, or 20 ⁇ m or less.
  • the thickness of the residual film may be controlled by controlling the degree of adhesion between the layer of the curable resin composition and the imprinting mold when the barrier rib spacer is formed by an imprinting process.
  • the gap between the lamination roll on the layer side of the curable resin composition and the lamination roll on the imprinting mold side may be adjusted, and the thickness of the residual film may be controlled by adjusting the gap. For example, the narrower the gap between the lamination rolls, the thinner the thickness of the residual film can be.
  • the above liquid crystal cell may further include an undercoating layer as a dielectric layer.
  • the dielectric properties of the undercoating layer may be appropriately selected within a range that satisfies the above equation 1.
  • the thickness of the undercoating layer may be in the range of 0.01 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the undercoating layer may be 1 ⁇ m or more or 3 ⁇ m or more, and may be 20 ⁇ m or less, 18 ⁇ m or less, 16 ⁇ m or less, 14 ⁇ m or less, 12 ⁇ m or less, or 10 ⁇ m or less.
  • the above undercoating layer may be present on the barrier rib spacer. Applying the undercoating layer may create a slope on the side surface of the spacer barrier rib. By creating a slope on the side surface of the barrier rib, sparkling and rainbow phenomena may be improved.
  • the undercoating layer may be present between the alignment film and the spacer, that is, one side of the undercoating layer may be in contact with the alignment film and the other side may be in contact with the spacer. If no residual film exists between the barrier ribs of the spacer, the undercoating layer may be in contact with the barrier rib of the spacer and the second electrode layer.
  • the surface of the undercoating layer may include an upper surface, a lower surface, and an inclined side surface (hereinafter, referred to as an inclined surface) between the upper surface and the lower surface.
  • the surface of the undercoating layer may refer to a surface opposite to a surface of the undercoating layer facing the spacer (i.e., a surface facing the liquid crystal layer or the alignment layer of the undercoating layer).
  • the angle formed by the upper surface of the undercoating layer and the inclined surface (hereinafter, referred to as the inclined angle of the undercoating layer) may be, for example, in the range of 5 degrees to 60 degrees.
  • the inclined angle of the undercoating layer may be 5 degrees or more or 10 degrees or more, and may be 60 degrees or less, 55 degrees or less, 50 degrees or less, 45 degrees or less, 40 degrees or less, 35 degrees or less, 30 degrees or less, or 25 degrees or less.
  • the inclined angle of the undercoating layer may be controlled, for example, by controlling the thickness of the undercoating layer coated on the spacer. By thickly coating the undercoating layer on the spacer, the tail of the slope of the undercoating layer can be increased, so that the slope angle of the undercoating layer can be reduced.
  • the undercoating layer may include a curable resin.
  • the curable resin may be a thermosetting resin or a photocurable resin.
  • the thermosetting resin may include at least one selected from the group consisting of silicone resins, silicon resins, franc resins, polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, amino resins, phenol resins, urea resins, polyester resins, and melamine resins.
  • the photocurable resin may be a UV curable resin.
  • the photocurable resin may be an acrylic resin.
  • the acrylic resin may refer to an acrylic polymer including polymerization units derived from (meth)acrylic acid ester monomers.
  • the acrylic polymer may include at least one selected from the group consisting of alkyl acrylate polymers, polyester acrylate polymers, polystyrene acrylate polymers, epoxy acrylate polymers, polyurethane acrylate polymers, or polybutadiene acrylate polymers, and silicone acrylate polymers.
  • the undercoating layer may include a cured product of a curable resin composition.
  • the curable resin composition may be a thermosetting resin composition or a photocurable resin composition.
  • the thermosetting resin composition or the photocurable resin composition may include a monomer and/or a polymer so as to include the above-mentioned curable resin through curing.
  • the curable resin composition may include a (meth)acrylate compound.
  • the (meth)acrylate compound may be a polyfunctional (meth)acrylate compound having two or more (meth)acrylic groups at its terminal.
  • the (meth)acrylate compound may have two to six, or two to four (meth)acrylic groups.
  • the curable resin composition may include a difunctional (meth)acrylate, a trifunctional (meth)acrylate, and a tetrafunctional (meth)acrylate compound.
  • the curable resin composition may further include a thiol compound.
  • the above thiol compound may be a multifunctional thiol compound having two or more thiol groups (-SH) at the terminal.
  • the thiol compound may have two to six, two to four, or four thiol groups (-SH).
  • the undercoating layer may further include a black dye.
  • the undercoating layer including the black dye may be formed by adding the black dye to the curable resin composition.
  • the undercoating layer further includes the black dye, it may be advantageous in reducing light leakage in the area of the undercoating layer present on the side of the spacer.
  • the black dye may be an inorganic material such as carbon black or an organic material such as lactam black. The content of the black dye may be appropriately selected within a range that does not impair the purpose of the present application.
  • the black dye may be included in an amount of 10 to 50 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the solid content of the curable resin composition.
  • the liquid crystal layer may be present between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.
  • the combination of components present on the first electrode layer side with respect to the liquid crystal layer may be referred to as a lower substrate, and the combination of components present on the second electrode layer side with respect to the liquid crystal layer may be referred to as an upper substrate.
  • the lower substrate may refer to a laminate including a first substrate layer, a first electrode layer, a partition wall spacer, and an alignment film, or may refer to a laminate including a first substrate layer, a first electrode layer, a partition wall spacer, an undercoating layer, and an alignment film.
  • the upper substrate may refer to a laminate including a second substrate layer, a second electrode layer, and an adhesive layer.
  • the upper and lower substrates of the liquid crystal cell may be attached by an adhesive layer (a component of the upper substrate). Specifically, the adhesive layer of the upper substrate and the spacer of the lower substrate may be attached. If an alignment film is formed on the spacer of the lower substrate, an area of the alignment film corresponding to the spacer may be attached to the adhesive layer of the upper substrate.
  • the partition wall of the spacer can maintain a gap between the upper and lower substrates.
  • the liquid crystal layer material can exist in the area where the partition wall of the spacer does not exist between the upper and lower substrates (non-partition area).
  • the liquid crystal layer may include a liquid crystal compound.
  • the liquid crystal compound can switch its alignment state by applying voltage.
  • the liquid crystal compound may be a liquid crystal compound whose alignment direction can be changed by applying an external force.
  • external force may refer to any external factor that can affect the behavior of a substance included in the liquid crystal region, such as an external voltage. Therefore, a state without an external force may refer to a state without application of an external voltage, etc.
  • the type and properties of the liquid crystal compound may be appropriately selected in consideration of the purpose of the present application.
  • the liquid crystal compound may be a nematic liquid crystal or a smectic liquid crystal.
  • a nematic liquid crystal may refer to a liquid crystal in which rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules are arranged parallel to the long axis direction without any regularity in position
  • a smectic liquid crystal may refer to a liquid crystal in which rod-shaped liquid crystal molecules are arranged regularly to form a layered structure and are arranged parallel to the long axis direction with regularity.
  • the liquid crystal compound may be a nematic liquid crystal compound.
  • the nematic liquid crystal compound may be selected to have a clearing point of, for example, about 40°C or higher, 50°C or higher, 60°C or higher, 70°C or higher, 80°C or higher, 90°C or higher, 100°C or higher, or about 110°C or higher, or a phase transition point within the above range, i.e., a phase transition point from the nematic phase to the isotropic phase.
  • the clearing point or phase transition point may be about 160°C or lower, 150°C or lower, or about 140°C or lower.
  • the liquid crystal compound may be a non-reactive liquid crystal compound.
  • a non-reactive liquid crystal compound may refer to a liquid crystal compound that does not have a polymerizable group.
  • the polymerizable group include, but are not limited to, an acryloyl group, an acryloyloxy group, a methacryloyl group, a methacryloyloxy group, a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a vinyl group, or an epoxy group, and the like, and may include a known functional group known as a polymerizable group.
  • the liquid crystal compound may have a positive or negative dielectric anisotropy.
  • the absolute value of the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal compound may be appropriately selected in consideration of the purpose of the present application.
  • the term “dielectric anisotropy ( ⁇ )” may refer to the difference ( ⁇ / - ⁇ ) between the horizontal dielectric constant ( ⁇ /) and the vertical dielectric constant ( ⁇ ) of the liquid crystal.
  • the term horizontal dielectric constant ( ⁇ /) refers to a dielectric constant value measured along the direction of the electric field when a voltage is applied such that the direction of the electric field due to the director of the liquid crystal compound and the applied voltage are substantially horizontal
  • the term vertical dielectric constant ( ⁇ ) refers to a dielectric constant value measured along the direction of the electric field when a voltage is applied such that the direction of the electric field due to the director of the liquid crystal compound and the applied voltage are substantially perpendicular.
  • the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystal molecule may be in the range of 5 to 25.
  • the refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ n) of the liquid crystal compound may be appropriately selected in consideration of the purpose of the present application.
  • the term "refractive index anisotropy” may mean the difference (n e -n o ) between the extraordinary refractive index (n e ) and the ordinary refractive index (n o ) of the liquid crystal compound.
  • the refractive index anisotropy of the liquid crystal compound may be, for example, 0.01 to 0.3.
  • the refractive index anisotropy may be 0.01 or more, 0.05 or more, or 0.07 or more, and may be 0.3 or less, 0.2 or less, 0.15 or less, or 0.13 or less.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal region can be determined according to the height of the spacer.
  • the thickness of the liquid crystal region is not particularly limited, and for example, the thickness of the liquid crystal region may be about 0.01 ⁇ m or more, 0.05 ⁇ m or more, 0.1 ⁇ m or more, 0.5 ⁇ m or more, 1 ⁇ m or more, 1.5 ⁇ m or more, 2 ⁇ m or more, 2.5 ⁇ m or more, 3 ⁇ m or more, 3.5 ⁇ m or more, 4 ⁇ m or more, 4.5 ⁇ m or more, 5 ⁇ m or more, 5.5 ⁇ m or more, 6 ⁇ m or more, 6.5 ⁇ m or more, 7 ⁇ m or more, 7.5 ⁇ m or more, 8 ⁇ m or more, 8.5 ⁇ m or more, 9 ⁇ m or more, or 9.5 ⁇ m or more.
  • the upper limit of the thickness of the liquid crystal region is not particularly limited, and generally may be about 30 ⁇ m or less, 25 ⁇ m or less, 20 ⁇ m
  • the liquid crystal cell can switch the alignment state of the liquid crystal region according to the applied voltage.
  • the liquid crystal region when no voltage is applied to the liquid crystal cell, the liquid crystal region can have a first alignment state, and when voltage is applied to the liquid crystal cell, the liquid crystal region can have a second alignment state different from the first alignment state.
  • the first alignment state and/or the second alignment state include a horizontal alignment state, a vertical alignment state, a twisted alignment state, an inclined alignment state, a hybrid alignment state, and the like.
  • the ‘horizontal alignment state’ is a state in which the director of the liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal region is arranged approximately parallel to the plane of the liquid crystal region, and for example, the angle formed by the director with respect to the plane of the liquid crystal region may be, for example, within a range of about -10 degrees to 10 degrees or -5 degrees to 5 degrees, or approximately 0 degrees.
  • the ‘vertical alignment state’ is a state in which the director of the liquid crystal compound in the liquid crystal region is arranged approximately perpendicular to the plane of the liquid crystal region, and for example, the angle formed by the director with respect to the plane of the liquid crystal region may be, for example, within a range of about 80 to 100 degrees or 85 to 95 degrees, or approximately about 90 degrees.
  • the "twist alignment state” may mean a spiral structure in which the directors of liquid crystal compounds are twisted and aligned along an imaginary spiral axis within a liquid crystal region to form layers.
  • the twist alignment state may be implemented in a vertical, horizontal, or inclined alignment state. That is, the vertical twist alignment mode is a state in which individual liquid crystal compounds are twisted along the spiral axis in a vertically aligned state to form layers, the horizontal twist alignment mode is a state in which individual liquid crystal compounds are twisted along the spiral axis in a horizontally aligned state to form layers, and the inclined twist alignment mode is a state in which individual liquid crystal compounds are twisted along the spiral axis in an inclined aligned state to form layers.
  • hybrid alignment state may mean an alignment state in which the tilt angle, which is the angle formed by the direction of the liquid crystal compound within the liquid crystal region with respect to the plane of the liquid crystal region, gradually increases or decreases along the thickness direction of the liquid crystal layer.
  • the first alignment state may be a twist alignment state, i.e., the liquid crystal layer can be switched between the twist alignment and another alignment state by applying external energy.
  • the liquid crystal layer can switch between a twisted alignment and a vertical alignment state.
  • the liquid crystal region can be in a vertical alignment state when no voltage is applied, and in a twisted alignment state when voltage is applied.
  • the twisted alignment can be a horizontal twisted alignment.
  • the liquid crystal layer may further include a chiral dopant.
  • a twisted alignment state can be realized.
  • the chiral agent (or chiral dopant) that can be included in the liquid crystal region is not particularly limited as long as it can induce a desired rotation (twisting) without damaging liquid crystal properties, for example, nematic regularity.
  • the chiral agent for inducing rotation in the liquid crystal compound must have at least chirality in its molecular structure.
  • the chiral agent examples include compounds having one or more asymmetric carbons, compounds having an asymmetric point on a heteroatom, such as a chiral amine or chiral sulfoxide, or compounds having an axially asymmetric, optically active site, such as cumulene or binaphthol.
  • the chiral agent may be, for example, a low-molecular-weight compound having a molecular weight of 1,500 or less.
  • Commercially available chiral nematic liquid crystals such as the chiral dopant liquid crystal S-811 available from Merck or LC756 available from BASF, may be used as the chiral agent.
  • the application ratio of the chiral dopant can be selected so as to achieve the desired pitch (P).
  • the content (weight %) of the chiral dopant can be calculated by the formula 100/(HTP ⁇ ).
  • the HTP represents the helical twisting power of the chiral dopant and the unit can be ⁇ m -1 .
  • the P can be the pitch of the liquid crystal in the twisted alignment state and the unit can be ⁇ m.
  • the pitch (p) of the liquid crystal region can be measured by a measurement method using a Wedge cell, and specifically, it can be measured by the method described in D.
  • the HTP value can be measured by the measurement method using the above-mentioned Wedge cell.
  • the HTP value can be typically provided by the supplier of the liquid crystal and the chiral dopant.
  • the chiral dopant can be measured by considering the target pitch. The content of the dopant can be determined.
  • the chiral pitch (unit: ⁇ m) of the liquid crystal in the twist alignment state can be in the range of 1 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the pitch can be 1.5 ⁇ m or more, 2.0 ⁇ m or more, 2.5 ⁇ m or more, 3.0 ⁇ m or more, 5 ⁇ m or more, 7 ⁇ m or more, 9 ⁇ m or more, 11 ⁇ m or more, 13 ⁇ m or more, 15 ⁇ m or more, 17 ⁇ m or more, 19 ⁇ m or more, or 20 ⁇ m or less, 50 ⁇ m or less, 40 ⁇ m or less, 30 ⁇ m or less, 20 ⁇ m or less, 10 ⁇ m or less, or 5 ⁇ m or less.
  • the liquid crystal layer may further include a dichroic dye.
  • the dichroic dye can control the light transmittance variable characteristic of the liquid crystal region.
  • the term “dye” may refer to a material capable of intensively absorbing and/or modifying light within at least a portion or the entire range within the visible light range, for example, a wavelength range of 400 nm to 700 nm
  • the term “dichroic dye” may refer to a material capable of anisotropic absorption of light within at least a portion or the entire range within the visible light range.
  • a liquid crystal region including a liquid crystal compound and a dichroic dye may be a GHLC layer (Guest host liquid crystal layer).
  • the "GHLC layer (Guest host liquid crystal layer)" may mean a functional layer in which a dichroic dye is arranged together with the arrangement of a liquid crystal compound, and exhibits anisotropic light absorption characteristics with respect to the alignment direction of the dichroic dye and the direction perpendicular to the alignment direction, respectively.
  • a dichroic dye is a material whose light absorption rate varies depending on the polarization direction.
  • the absorption rate of light polarized in the major axis direction is high, it may be called a p-type dye, and if the absorption rate of light polarized in the minor axis direction is high, it may be called an n-type dye.
  • a p-type dye when used, polarized light that vibrates in the major axis direction of the dye is absorbed, and polarized light that vibrates in the minor axis direction of the dye is less absorbed and can be transmitted.
  • the dichroic dye is a p-type dye.
  • dichroic dye a known dye known to have a property of being able to be aligned according to the alignment state of a liquid crystal compound, for example, by the so-called guest-host effect, can be selected and used.
  • dichroic dyes include azo dyes, anthraquinone dyes, methine dyes, azomethine dyes, merocyanine dyes, naphthoquinone dyes, tetrazine dyes, phenylene dyes, quterylene dyes, benzothiadiazole dyes, diketopyrrolopyrrole dyes, squaraine dyes, or pyromethene dyes, but the dyes applicable in the present application are not limited thereto.
  • the dichroic dye may be a dye having a dichroic ratio, that is, a value obtained by dividing the absorption of polarized light parallel to the major axis of the dichroic dye by the absorption of polarized light parallel to the direction perpendicular to the major axis, of 5 or more, 6 or more, or 7 or more.
  • the dye may satisfy the dichroic ratio at at least some wavelengths or any one wavelength within a wavelength range in the visible light region, for example, within a wavelength range of about 380 nm to 700 nm or within a wavelength range of about 400 nm to 700 nm.
  • the upper limit of the dichroic ratio may be, for example, about 20 or less, 18 or less, 16 or less, or 14 or less.
  • the content of the dichroic dye in the liquid crystal layer may be appropriately selected in consideration of the purpose of the present application.
  • the content of the dichroic dye in the liquid crystal region may be 0.2 wt% or more.
  • the content of the dichroic dye may be 0.5 wt% or more, 1 wt% or more, 2 wt% or more, or 3 wt% or more.
  • the upper limit of the content of the dichroic dye may be, for example, 10 wt% or less, 9 wt% or less, 8 wt% or less, 6 wt% or less, or 5 wt% or less.
  • the content of the dichroic dye in the liquid crystal region is too low, it may be difficult to express the desired transmittance variable characteristic, and if the content of the dichroic dye in the liquid crystal region is too high, there is a risk of precipitation. Therefore, it may be advantageous for the content of the dichroic dye to be within the above range.
  • Figures 1 to 4 exemplarily show the structure of a liquid crystal cell included in the optical device of the present application.
  • the liquid crystal cell may include a first substrate layer (101), a first electrode layer (102) on the first substrate layer, a spacer (103) on the first electrode layer, and an alignment film (104) on the first electrode layer (102) and the spacer (103), may include a second substrate layer (201), a second electrode layer (202) on the second substrate layer (201), and an adhesive layer (203) on the second electrode layer (202), and may include a liquid crystal layer (300) between the adhesive layer (203) and the alignment film (104).
  • the dielectric layer includes the alignment film and the adhesive layer
  • the barrier rib spacer does not include a residual film existing between the barrier ribs.
  • the liquid crystal cell may include a first substrate layer (101), a first electrode layer (102) on the first substrate layer, a spacer (103) on the first electrode layer, an undercoating layer (105) on the first electrode layer (102) and the spacer (103), and an alignment film (104) on the undercoating layer (105), a second substrate layer (201), a second electrode layer (202) on the second substrate layer (201), and an adhesive layer (203) on the second electrode layer (202), and a liquid crystal layer (300) between the adhesive layer (203) and the alignment film (104).
  • the dielectric layer includes the alignment film, the adhesive layer, and the undercoating layer
  • the barrier rib spacer does not include a residual film existing between the barrier ribs.
  • the liquid crystal cell may include a first substrate layer (101), a first electrode layer (102) on the first substrate layer, a spacer (103) having a residual film (103R) on the first electrode layer, an alignment film (104) on the spacer (103) having the residual film (103R), a second substrate layer (201), a second electrode layer (202) on the second substrate layer (201), and an adhesive layer (203) on the second electrode layer (202), and a liquid crystal layer (300) between the adhesive layer (203) and the alignment film (104).
  • the dielectric layer includes the alignment film, the adhesive layer, and the residual film between the barrier ribs.
  • the liquid crystal cell may include a first substrate layer (101), a first electrode layer (102) on the first substrate layer, a spacer (103) having a residual film (103R) on the first electrode layer, an undercoating layer (105) on the spacer (103) having the residual film (103R), and an alignment film (104) on the undercoating layer (105), a second substrate layer (201), a second electrode layer (202) on the second substrate layer (201), and an adhesive layer (203) on the second electrode layer (202), and a liquid crystal layer (300) between the adhesive layer (203) and the alignment film (104).
  • the dielectric layer includes the alignment film, the adhesive layer, the undercoating layer, and the residual film between the partition walls.
  • the optical device may further include a polarizer.
  • the optical device may further include a first polarizer disposed on one side of the liquid crystal cell and a second polarizer disposed on the other side of the liquid crystal cell.
  • the liquid crystal cell may further include a first polarizer disposed on an outer side of the upper substrate and a second polarizer disposed on an outer side of the lower substrate.
  • the first polarizer may be attached to an outer surface of the upper substrate (e.g., the second substrate layer), and the second polarizer may be attached to an outer surface of the lower substrate (e.g., the first substrate layer).
  • a known adhesive layer or pressure-sensitive adhesive layer used in the manufacture of an optical device may be applied.
  • polarizer refers to a film, sheet, or device having a polarizing function.
  • a polarizer is a functional device capable of extracting light vibrating in one direction from incident light vibrating in multiple directions.
  • the first polarizer and the second polarizer may each be an absorptive polarizer or a reflective polarizer.
  • an absorptive polarizer refers to an element that exhibits selective transmission and absorption characteristics with respect to incident light.
  • a polarizer can transmit light vibrating in one direction from incident light vibrating in multiple directions and absorb light vibrating in the remaining directions.
  • a reflective polarizer refers to an element that exhibits selective transmission and reflection characteristics with respect to incident light.
  • a polarizer can transmit light vibrating in one direction from incident light vibrating in multiple directions and reflect light vibrating in the remaining directions.
  • a polarizing layer dyed with iodine on a polymer stretched film such as a PVA (poly(vinyl alcohol)) stretched film, or a guest-host type polarizing layer using a liquid crystal polymerized in an aligned state as a host and a dichroic dye arranged according to the orientation of the liquid crystal as a guest may be used, but is not limited thereto.
  • a reflective polarizing layer known as a so-called DBEF (Dual Brightness Enhancement Film) or a reflective polarizing layer formed by coating a liquid crystal compound such as LLC (Lyotropic liquid crystal) can be used, but is not limited thereto.
  • DBEF Double Brightness Enhancement Film
  • LLC Lithotropic liquid crystal
  • the polarizer may be a linear polarizer.
  • a linear polarizer means a case where the light that is selectively transmitted is linearly polarized light that vibrates in one direction and the light that is selectively absorbed or reflected is linearly polarized light that vibrates in a direction perpendicular to the vibration direction of the linearly polarized light.
  • the optical transmission axis and the optical absorption axis may be perpendicular to each other.
  • the optical transmission axis and the optical reflection axis may be perpendicular to each other.
  • the transmittance of the first polarizer and the second polarizer for light having a wavelength of 550 nm may each be in the range of 40% to 50%.
  • the transmittance may refer to the single transmittance of the polarizer for light having a wavelength of 550 nm.
  • the single transmittance of the polarizer may be measured, for example, using a spectrometer (V7100, manufactured by Jasco). For example, the single transmittance may be calculated after the polarizer sample (excluding the upper and lower protective films) is placed in the device, air is set as the base line, and the axis of the polarizer sample is aligned vertically and horizontally with the axis of the reference polarizer, and the transmittance is measured.
  • the optical transmission axis of the first polarizer and the optical transmission axis of the second polarizer may be perpendicular to each other.
  • the angle formed by the optical transmission axis of the first polarizer and the optical transmission axis of the second polarizer may be in the range of 80 to 100 degrees or 85 to 95 degrees, or may be about 90 degrees.
  • the above optical device may further include various functional layers as needed.
  • the functional layers include, but are not limited to, a polarizer protective film, an anti-reflection film, a phase difference film, a hard coating layer, and an anti-fouling layer.
  • the optical device may be a variable transmittance device.
  • the variable transmittance device may be capable of switching between at least two states having different transmittances.
  • the variable transmittance device may be a device capable of switching between a transparent and a blocking mode state.
  • variable transmittance device in the above-described transmission mode state may have a transmittance of at least 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, or 80%.
  • the transmittance in the above-described transmission mode may be, in other examples, 100% or less, 95% or less, 90% or less, or 85% or less.
  • the upper limit thereof is not particularly limited.
  • the transmittance of the variable transmittance device may be 60% or less, 55% or less, 50% or less, 45% or less, 40% or less, 35% or less, 30% or less, 25% or less, 20% or less, 15% or less, 10% or less, or 5% or less.
  • the transmittance in the blocking mode may be 0% or more, 5% or more, 10% or more, 15% or more, 20% or more, or 25% or more in other examples.
  • the lower limit of the transmittance in the blocking mode state is not particularly limited.
  • the above transmittance may be, for example, a straight-line light transmittance.
  • the straight-line light transmittance is a percentage of the ratio of light transmitted in the same direction as the incident direction with respect to light incident on the device. For example, if the device is in the form of a film or sheet, the percentage of light transmitted through the device in the direction parallel to the normal direction of the film or sheet surface among the light incident in the direction parallel to the normal direction may be defined as the transmittance.
  • the above transmittance may be transmittance for any one wavelength within the visible light range, for example, within the range of about 400 to 700 nm or about 380 to 780 nm, transmittance for the entire visible light range, maximum or minimum transmittance among the transmittances for the entire visible light range, or an average value of the transmittances within the visible light range.
  • the optical device described above can be used for various purposes, such as sunglasses, eyewear such as eyewear for Augmented Reality (AR) or Virtual Reality (VR), and sunroofs for buildings or vehicles.
  • the optical device itself can be a sunroof for a vehicle.
  • the optical device or sunroof for a vehicle can be installed and used by mounting it in the opening.
  • the present application relates to an optical device.
  • the optical device of the present application is capable of normal voltage driving even when dielectric layers other than the liquid crystal layer exist between the upper and lower electrode layers in a liquid crystal cell.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a liquid crystal cell included in an optical device according to one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example of a liquid crystal cell included in an optical device according to one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an example of a liquid crystal cell included in an optical device according to one embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a liquid crystal cell included in an optical device according to one embodiment of the present application.
  • Figure 5 is a relative transmittance graph for an RTN mode PI-PI LC cell.
  • Figure 6 shows the 1/C T-LC values of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4.
  • Figures 7a to 7d are graphs of relative transmittance of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4.
  • Figure 8 shows the V90 values of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4.
  • Figure 9 is a graph of relative transmittance for an HTN mode PI-PI LC cell.
  • Figure 10 shows the 1/C T-LC values of Examples 5 to 8 and Comparative Examples 5 to 8.
  • Figures 11a to 11d are graphs of relative transmittance of Examples 5 to 8 and Comparative Examples 5 to 8.
  • Figure 12 shows the V90 values of Examples 5 to 8 and Comparative Examples 5 to 8.
  • the dielectric constant ⁇ r of the PI layer (polyimide layer), LC layer (liquid crystal layer), OCA layer (adhesive layer), UC layer (undercoating layer), and Residue layer (residue layer) was measured by the following method.
  • the manufacturing method of the test specimen of each layer is as follows.
  • the dielectric constant ⁇ r was measured using an LCR Meter, E4980A (Keysight Technologies) under the conditions of an input voltage of 20 V and an input frequency of 1 kHz.
  • a PI layer was coated on top of the ITO film with a thickness of 0.2 ⁇ m, and then a conductive tape was attached on top of the PI layer to produce a test specimen having a structure of electrode layer - PI layer - electrode layer.
  • a glass cell composed of ITO glass i.e., two glass substrates coated with an ITO layer are prepared, and the two substrates are arranged face to face with a gap of 6 ⁇ m by a ball spacer so that the ITO layers face each other) was manufactured, and then a liquid crystal (LC) was injected into the glass cell to manufacture a test specimen.
  • ITO glass i.e., two glass substrates coated with an ITO layer are prepared, and the two substrates are arranged face to face with a gap of 6 ⁇ m by a ball spacer so that the ITO layers face each other
  • LC liquid crystal
  • a conductive tape was attached on top of the UC layer to produce a test specimen having a structure of electrode layer - UC layer - electrode layer.
  • Residue layer A 2 ⁇ m thick Residue layer was coated on top of the ITO film, and then a conductive tape was attached on top of the Residue layer to create a test specimen having a structure of electrode layer - Residue layer - electrode layer.
  • the permittivity ⁇ , capacitance C , and the reciprocal of capacitance 1/C can also be calculated.
  • the horizontal dielectric constant ⁇ r / and the vertical dielectric constant ⁇ r ⁇ were obtained.
  • the horizontal dielectric constant ⁇ r / of the liquid crystal layer was measured when the liquid crystal layer was aligned horizontally, and the vertical dielectric constant ⁇ r ⁇ of the liquid crystal layer was measured when the liquid crystal layer was aligned vertically.
  • the relative transmittance is an average value for light with a wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm.
  • a PET-ITO film was prepared by depositing an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) layer with a thickness of approximately 30 nm on a highly stretchable PET (polyethylene terephtalate) film (OCF, SKC).
  • the PET-ITO film has a size of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm in length ⁇ width ⁇ height, and a total thickness of approximately 145 ⁇ m.
  • a vertical alignment film (5661LB3, Nissan) was coated with a thickness of approximately 200 nm on the ITO layer of the PET-ITO film, and then rubbed in one direction to manufacture an upper substrate.
  • An acrylic resin composition (KAD-03, Minutatech Co., Ltd.) was coated on the ITO layer of the same PET-ITO film used in the upper substrate, and then randomly patterned barrier rib spacers were formed by photolithography.
  • the randomly patterned barrier rib spacers have a pattern shape in which a plurality of randomly shaped closed shapes divided by barrier ribs are combined when observed in the normal direction, and three curves form one intersection.
  • the height of the barrier ribs was about 6 ⁇ m
  • the pitch of the barrier ribs was about 350 ⁇ m
  • the line width of the barrier ribs was about 15 ⁇ m.
  • a vertical alignment film (5661LB3, Nissan Co., Ltd.) was coated on the spacer to a thickness of about 200 nm, and then rubbed in one direction to manufacture the lower substrate.
  • a liquid crystal layer was formed by coating a liquid crystal composition on a vertical alignment film of a lower substrate, and then the vertical alignment film of an upper substrate was laminated so that it faced the liquid crystal layer to manufacture a liquid crystal cell. At this time, the rubbing direction of the vertical alignment film of the lower substrate and the rubbing direction of the vertical alignment film of the upper substrate were laminated so that they formed an angle of approximately 90 degrees.
  • the liquid crystal composition is a mixture of a liquid crystal compound (SHN-7002XX T12, JNC) having a refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ n) of 0.094 and a chiral additive (S811, Merck).
  • the manufactured liquid crystal cell was a Reverse TN mode liquid crystal cell having a cell gap of 6 ⁇ m and a chiral pitch of 20 ⁇ m.
  • the dielectric constant ⁇ r of the PI layer (alignment film) and LC layer (liquid crystal layer) used in the production of the liquid crystal cell is measured, From this, the dielectric constant ⁇ of each layer, capacitance C, and the reciprocal of the capacitance 1/C were calculated. In addition, 1/C T (sum of 1/C of each layer) and C T (reciprocal of 1/C T ) were also calculated from the above values and are listed in Tables 1 and 2 below.
  • the vertical dielectric constant ⁇ r ⁇ value was applied as the dielectric constant of the LC layer, and the horizontal dielectric constant ⁇ r / value was 3.14.
  • an upper polarizer (first polarizer) was laminated on the upper substrate side of the liquid crystal cell, and a lower polarizer (second polarizer) was laminated on the lower substrate side of the liquid crystal cell.
  • the absorption axis of the first polarizer was parallel to the rubbing axis of the alignment film of the upper substrate
  • the absorption axis of the second polarizer was parallel to the rubbing axis of the alignment film of the lower substrate, so that the absorption axes of the first polarizer and the second polarizer were laminated to be perpendicular.
  • an iodine-dye-contaminated polyvinyl alcohol-based stretched film was used as the first polarizer and the second polarizer.
  • the voltage V PI-90 at which the relative transmittance was 90% was approximately 5 V.
  • V PI-LC (V PI-90 ⁇ C T )/(C LC )
  • C LC the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer
  • a PET-ITO film was prepared by depositing an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) layer with a thickness of about 30 nm on a highly stretchable PET (polyethylene terephtalate) film (OCF, SKC).
  • the PET-ITO film had a size of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm in length ⁇ width ⁇ height and a total thickness of about 145 ⁇ m.
  • An OCA type adhesive resin (KR3700, ShinEtsu) was mixed in a toluene solvent so that the solid concentration was 25 wt%, and 15 parts by weight of a crosslinking agent (Tetrakis(Dimethylsiloxy)Silane, Gelest) and 1 part by weight of a platinum catalyst (CAT-PL-56, ShinEtsu) were added to 100 parts by weight of the adhesive resin to prepare an adhesive composition.
  • the adhesive composition was bar coated on a fluorine release film (FSC6, Nippa) and then heated at 140°C for 6 minutes to form an adhesive layer with a final thickness of approximately 10 ⁇ m.
  • the adhesive layer was laminated on the ITO layer of the PET-ITO film to produce an upper substrate.
  • the manufactured upper substrate has a structure in which PET film/ITO layer/adhesive layer/release film are laminated in this order.
  • An acrylic resin composition (KAD-03, Minutatech Co., Ltd.) was coated on the ITO layer of the same PET-ITO film used in the upper substrate, and then randomly patterned barrier rib spacers were formed by photolithography.
  • the randomly patterned barrier rib spacers have a pattern shape in which a plurality of randomly shaped closed shapes divided by barrier ribs are combined when observed in the normal direction, and three curves form one intersection.
  • the barrier rib height was about 6 ⁇ m
  • the barrier rib pitch was about 350 ⁇ m
  • the barrier rib line width was about 15 ⁇ m.
  • a vertical alignment film (5661LB3, Nissan Co., Ltd.) was coated on the spacer to a thickness of about 200 nm, and then rubbed in one direction to manufacture the lower substrate.
  • a fluorine release film was peeled off from the upper substrate.
  • a liquid crystal composition was coated on the vertical alignment film of the lower substrate, and then the vertical alignment film of the upper substrate was laminated so that the surface on which the liquid crystal composition was coated was faced to manufacture a liquid crystal cell.
  • the liquid crystal composition is a mixture of a liquid crystal compound (SHN-7002XX T12, JNC) having a refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ n) of 0.094 and negative dielectric anisotropy and a chiral additive (S811, Merck).
  • the manufactured liquid crystal cell is a Reverse TN mode liquid crystal cell with a cell gap of 6 ⁇ m and a chiral pitch of 20 ⁇ m.
  • Example 1 a liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the adhesive layer was formed to a thickness of about 20 ⁇ m.
  • a liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the lower substrate was manufactured as follows. First, a barrier rib spacer was formed on the ITO layer of a PET-ITO film in the same manner as in Example 1. Next, an undercoating layer having a thickness of about 9 ⁇ m was formed on the ITO layer on which the barrier rib spacer was formed. The undercoating layer was formed by coating a UV-curable acrylic resin composition and then curing it by irradiating it with UV-A ultraviolet rays at 400 mJ/cm 2 .
  • the above UV-curable acrylic resin composition contains 8.7 wt% of tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate (MIRAMER M262, MIWON) as a solid content, 2.9 wt% of acrylate mixture (product number: 246794, Sigma-Aldrich), 2.9 wt% of pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptobutylate) (KarenzMTTMPE1, Resonac), 0.4 wt% of an initiator (Irgacure127, BASF), and 85.0 wt% of PGME (Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether) as a solvent.
  • MIRAMER M262, MIWON tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate
  • MIWON acrylate mixture
  • KarenzMTTMPE1 pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptobutylate)
  • an initiator Irgacure127, BASF
  • PGME Prop
  • the acrylate mixture is a mixture of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, and trimethylolpropane triacrylate.
  • a vertical alignment film (5661LB3, Nissan) was coated on the undercoating layer to a thickness of about 200 nm, and then rubbed in one direction to manufacture a lower substrate.
  • Example 2 a liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the undercoating layer was formed to a thickness of about 15 ⁇ m.
  • a liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the lower substrate was manufactured as follows. First, an acrylic resin composition (KAD-03, Minutatech Co., Ltd.) was coated on the ITO layer of the same PET-ITO film used in Example 1, and then randomly patterned barrier rib spacers were formed by imprinting.
  • the randomly patterned barrier rib spacers have a pattern shape in which a plurality of randomly shaped closed shapes divided by barrier ribs are combined when observed in the normal direction, and three curves form one intersection.
  • the height of the barrier ribs was about 6 ⁇ m
  • the pitch of the barrier ribs was about 350 ⁇ m
  • the line width of the barrier ribs was about 15 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the residue layer between the barrier ribs of the barrier rib spacer was about 20 ⁇ m.
  • a vertical alignment film (5661LB3, Nissan Co., Ltd.) was coated on the spacers to a thickness of about 200 nm, and then rubbed in one direction to manufacture the lower substrate.
  • Example 3 a liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the thickness of the residual film between the partition walls of the partition wall spacer was formed to be approximately 30 ⁇ m.
  • a liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the lower substrate was manufactured as follows. First, an acrylic resin composition (KAD-03, Minutatech Co., Ltd.) was coated on the ITO layer of the same PET-ITO film used in Example 1, and then randomly patterned barrier rib spacers were formed by imprinting.
  • the randomly patterned barrier rib spacers have a pattern shape in which a plurality of randomly shaped closed shapes divided by barrier ribs are combined when observed in the normal direction, and three curves form one intersection.
  • the height of the barrier ribs was about 6 ⁇ m
  • the pitch of the barrier ribs was about 350 ⁇ m
  • the line width of the barrier ribs was about 15 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the residue between the barrier ribs of the barrier rib spacers was about 10 ⁇ m.
  • an undercoating layer having a thickness of about 5 ⁇ m was formed on the ITO layer on which the barrier rib spacers were formed.
  • the method of forming the undercoating layer was the same as in Example 2, except that the thickness was different.
  • a vertical alignment film (5661LB3, Nissan) was coated on the undercoating layer to a thickness of about 200 nm, and then rubbed in one direction to manufacture a lower substrate.
  • Example 4 a liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 4, except that the thickness of the residual film between the partition walls of the partition wall spacer was formed to be approximately 20 ⁇ m.
  • the dielectric constant ⁇ r , thickness, permittivity ⁇ , capacitance C, reciprocal of capacitance 1/C value, 1/C T, C T, V T, Q T and 1/C T-LC values for each layer are listed in Tables 3 to 10 below.
  • Figure 6 is a graph comparing the 1/C T-LC of the liquid crystal cells of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 with the (V T -V PI-LC )/(V PI-LC ⁇ C LC ) 9.6 ⁇ 10 5 value.
  • the 1/C T-LC value is greater than the (V T -V PI-LC )/(V PI-LC ⁇ C LC ) value, the operation of the liquid crystal cell is not perfect, which was confirmed through V90 measurement.
  • an upper polarizer (first polarizer) was laminated on the upper substrate side of the liquid crystal cells of Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4, and a lower polarizer (second polarizer) was laminated on the lower substrate side of the liquid crystal cells.
  • the second polarizer was laminated so that the absorption axis was parallel to the rubbing axis of the alignment film of the lower substrate, and the absorption axes of the first polarizer and the second polarizer were perpendicular to each other.
  • an iodine-dye-contaminated polyvinyl alcohol-based stretched film was used as the first polarizer and the second polarizer.
  • FIGS. 7a to 7d show graphs of relative transmittance with respect to the intensity of the applied voltage
  • FIG. 8 shows the voltage (V90) at which the relative transmittance becomes 90%.
  • the liquid crystal cells of Examples 1 to 4 having a V90 lower than 48 V saturated their relative transmittance at 48 V, which is the maximum voltage for vehicles, and the liquid crystal cells of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 having a V90 higher than 48 V did not saturate their relative transmittance at 48 V, which is the maximum voltage for vehicles.
  • a PET-ITO film was prepared by depositing an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) layer with a thickness of approximately 30 nm on a highly stretchable PET (polyethylene terephtalate) film (OCF, SKC).
  • the PET-ITO film has a size of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm in length ⁇ width ⁇ height, and a total thickness of approximately 145 ⁇ m.
  • a horizontal alignment film SE-7492, Nissan was coated with a thickness of approximately 200 nm on the ITO layer of the PET-ITO film, and then rubbed in one direction to manufacture an upper substrate.
  • An acrylic resin composition (KAD-03, Minutatech Co., Ltd.) was coated on the ITO layer of the same PET-ITO film used in the upper substrate, and then randomly patterned barrier rib spacers were formed by photolithography.
  • the randomly patterned barrier rib spacers have a pattern shape in which a plurality of randomly shaped closed shapes divided by barrier ribs are combined when observed in the normal direction, and three curves form one intersection.
  • the barrier rib height was about 10 ⁇ m
  • the barrier rib pitch was about 450 ⁇ m
  • the barrier rib line width was about 20 ⁇ m.
  • a horizontal alignment film (SE-7492, Nissan Co., Ltd.) was coated on the spacer to a thickness of about 200 nm, and then rubbed in one direction to manufacture the lower substrate.
  • a liquid crystal layer was formed by coating a liquid crystal composition on a horizontal alignment film of a lower substrate, and then the liquid crystal cell was manufactured by laminating the horizontal alignment film of the upper substrate so that it faces the liquid crystal layer. At this time, the lamination was performed so that the rubbing direction of the horizontal alignment film of the lower substrate and the rubbing direction of the horizontal alignment film of the upper substrate were parallel.
  • the liquid crystal composition is a mixture of a liquid crystal compound having a refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ n) of 0.1298, a chiral additive, and a dichroic dye (M1832, Merck).
  • the manufactured liquid crystal cell was an HTN mode liquid crystal cell having a cell gap of 10 ⁇ m and a chiral pitch of 2.5 ⁇ m.
  • the dielectric constant ⁇ r of the PI layer (alignment film) and LC layer (liquid crystal layer) used in the production of the liquid crystal cell is measured, From this, the dielectric constant ⁇ of each layer, the capacitance C, and the reciprocal of the capacitance 1/C were calculated. In addition, 1/C T (the sum of 1/C of each layer) and C T (the reciprocal of 1/C T ) were also calculated from the above values and are listed in Tables 11 and 12 below.
  • the horizontal dielectric constant ⁇ r / value was applied as the dielectric constant of the LC layer, and the vertical dielectric constant ⁇ r ⁇ value was 4.
  • the horizontal dielectric constant ⁇ r / is a value measured in a state of horizontal alignment with respect to the liquid crystal compound without a chiral additive.
  • the relative transmittance was measured according to Measurement Example 2, and the resulting graph is shown in Fig. 9.
  • the voltage V PI-90 at which the relative transmittance is 90% was approximately 12.3 V.
  • the voltage applied to the liquid crystal layer V PI-LC (V PI-90 ⁇ C T )/(C LC ) was calculated (C LC is the capacitance of the liquid crystal layer), which was approximately 10.6 V.
  • the maximum voltage for vehicles of 48 V was used as the driving voltage V T
  • the value of (V T -V PI-LC )/(V PI-LC ⁇ C LC ) was approximately 2.8 ⁇ 10 5 .
  • a PET-ITO film was prepared by depositing an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) layer with a thickness of about 30 nm on a highly stretchable PET (polyethylene terephtalate) film (OCF, SKC).
  • a release film/adhesive layer (acrylic OCA layer with a thickness of about 10 ⁇ m)/release film type OCA product (NCC2, Nichiei Shinka Co., Ltd.)
  • the release film was laminated onto the ITO layer of the PET-ITO film to manufacture an upper substrate.
  • the manufactured upper substrate has a structure in which PET film/ITO layer/adhesive layer/release film are laminated in that order.
  • An acrylic resin composition (KAD-03, Minutatech Co., Ltd.) was coated on the ITO layer of the same PET-ITO film used in the upper substrate, and then randomly patterned barrier rib spacers were formed by photolithography.
  • the randomly patterned barrier rib spacers have a pattern shape in which a plurality of randomly shaped closed shapes divided by barrier ribs are combined when observed in the normal direction, and three curves form one intersection.
  • the barrier rib height was about 10 ⁇ m
  • the barrier rib pitch was about 450 ⁇ m
  • the barrier rib line width was about 20 ⁇ m.
  • a horizontal alignment film SE-7492, Nissan Co., Ltd.
  • the fluorine release film was peeled off from the upper substrate.
  • the horizontal alignment film of the upper substrate was laminated so that the surface coated with the liquid crystal composition faced the surface to manufacture a liquid crystal cell.
  • the liquid crystal composition is a mixture of a liquid crystal compound having a refractive index anisotropy ( ⁇ n) of 0.1298, a chiral additive, and a dichroic dye (M1832, Merck).
  • the manufactured liquid crystal cell was an HTN mode liquid crystal cell with a cell gap of 10 ⁇ m and a chiral pitch of 2.5 ⁇ m.
  • Example 5 a liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 5, except that a release film/adhesive layer (an acrylic OCA layer having a thickness of about 15 ⁇ m)/release film type OCA product (NCC2, Nichiei Shinka Co., Ltd.) was used.
  • a release film/adhesive layer an acrylic OCA layer having a thickness of about 15 ⁇ m
  • release film type OCA product NCC2, Nichiei Shinka Co., Ltd.
  • a liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the upper and lower substrates were manufactured as follows.
  • the upper substrate When manufacturing the upper substrate, it was manufactured in the same manner as the upper substrate of Example 5, except that the thickness of the adhesive layer was formed to 5 ⁇ m.
  • a barrier rib spacer was formed on the ITO layer of the PET-ITO film in the same manner as in Example 5. Subsequently, an undercoating layer having a thickness of approximately 3 ⁇ m was formed on the ITO layer on which the barrier rib spacer was formed. The undercoating layer was formed by coating a UV-curable acrylic resin composition and then curing it by irradiating it with UV-A ultraviolet rays at 400 mJ/cm 2 .
  • the above UV-curable acrylic resin composition contains 8.7 wt% of tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate (MIRAMER M262, MIWON) as a solid content, 2.9 wt% of acrylate mixture (product number: 246794, Sigma-Aldrich), 2.9 wt% of pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptobutylate) (KarenzMTTMPE1, Resonac), 0.4 wt% of an initiator (Irgacure127, BASF), and 85.0 wt% of PGME (Propylene Glycol Monomethyl Ether) as a solvent.
  • MIRAMER M262, MIWON tricyclodecane dimethanol diacrylate
  • MIWON acrylate mixture
  • KarenzMTTMPE1 pentaerythritol tetrakis(3-mercaptobutylate)
  • an initiator Irgacure127, BASF
  • PGME Prop
  • the acrylate mixture is a mixture of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate, pentaerythritol triacrylate, and trimethylolpropane triacrylate.
  • a horizontal alignment film SE-7492, Nissan was coated on the undercoating layer to a thickness of about 200 nm, and then rubbed in one direction to manufacture a lower substrate.
  • Example 6 a liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 6, except that the undercoating layer was formed to a thickness of about 5 ⁇ m.
  • a liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the upper and lower substrates were manufactured as follows.
  • the upper substrate When manufacturing the upper substrate, it was manufactured in the same manner as the upper substrate of Example 5, except that the thickness of the adhesive layer was formed to 5 ⁇ m.
  • an acrylic resin composition (KAD-03, Minutatech Co., Ltd.) was coated on the ITO layer of the same PET-ITO film used in Example 5, and then randomly patterned barrier rib spacers were formed by imprinting.
  • the randomly patterned barrier rib spacers have a pattern shape in which a plurality of randomly shaped closed shapes divided by barrier ribs are combined when observed in the normal direction, and three curves form one intersection.
  • the height of the barrier ribs was about 10 ⁇ m
  • the pitch of the barrier ribs was about 450 ⁇ m
  • the line width of the barrier ribs was about 20 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the residue between the barrier ribs of the barrier rib spacer was about 8.0 ⁇ m.
  • a horizontal alignment film SE-7492, Nissan Co., Ltd.
  • Example 7 a liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 7, except that the thickness of the residual film between the partition walls of the partition spacer was formed to be about 15.0 ⁇ m.
  • a liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 5, except that the upper and lower substrates were manufactured as follows.
  • the upper substrate When manufacturing the upper substrate, it was manufactured in the same manner as the upper substrate of Example 5, except that the thickness of the adhesive layer was formed to 5 ⁇ m.
  • an acrylic resin composition (KAD-03, Minutatech Co., Ltd.) was coated on the ITO layer of the same PET-ITO film used in Example 5, and then randomly patterned barrier rib spacers were formed by imprinting.
  • the randomly patterned barrier rib spacers have a pattern shape in which a plurality of randomly shaped closed shapes divided by barrier ribs are combined when observed in the normal direction, and three curves form one intersection.
  • the height of the barrier ribs was about 10 ⁇ m
  • the pitch of the barrier ribs was about 450 ⁇ m
  • the line width of the barrier ribs was about 20 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the residue between the barrier ribs of the barrier rib spacers was about 1.0 ⁇ m.
  • an undercoating layer having a thickness of about 6 ⁇ m was formed on the ITO layer on which the barrier rib spacers were formed. Except for the different thickness, the method for forming the undercoating layer was the same as in Example 6. Next, a horizontal alignment film (SE-7492, Nissan) was coated on the undercoating layer to a thickness of about 200 nm, and then rubbed in one direction to manufacture a lower substrate.
  • a horizontal alignment film SE-7492, Nissan
  • Example 8 a liquid crystal cell was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 8, except that the thickness of the residual film between the partition walls of the partition wall spacer was formed to be approximately 10.0 ⁇ m.
  • the dielectric constant ⁇ r , thickness, permittivity ⁇ , capacitance C, reciprocal of capacitance 1/C value, 1/C T, C T, V T, Q T and 1/C T-LC values for each layer are listed in Tables 13 to 20 below.
  • Figure 10 is a graph comparing the 1/C T-LC of the liquid crystal cells of Examples 5 to 8 and Comparative Examples 5 to 8 with the value of 2.8 ⁇ 10 5 , which is (V T - V PI-LC )/(V PI-LC ⁇ C LC ).
  • the 1/C T-LC value is greater than the (V T - V PI-LC )/(V PI-LC ⁇ C LC ) value, the operation of the liquid crystal cell is not perfect, which was confirmed through V90 measurement.
  • 101 first substrate layer
  • 201 second substrate layer
  • 102 first electrode layer
  • 202 second electrode layer
  • 103 spacer
  • 103R residual film of spacer
  • 203 adhesive layer
  • 104 alignment film
  • 105 undercoating layer
  • 300 liquid crystal layer

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)

Abstract

La présente demande concerne un dispositif optique comprenant une cellule à cristaux liquides. Dans le dispositif optique de la présente demande, même lorsque des couches diélectriques autres qu'une couche de cristaux liquides existent entre une couche d'électrode supérieure et une couche d'électrode inférieure dans la cellule à cristaux liquides, une tension V90 n'est pas anormalement augmentée, ce qui rend possible une commande de tension normale.
PCT/KR2025/005725 2024-04-26 2025-04-28 Dispositif optique Pending WO2025226094A1 (fr)

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20180118311A (ko) * 2017-04-21 2018-10-31 주식회사 엘지화학 액정소자
KR20190027009A (ko) * 2017-09-04 2019-03-14 한국생산기술연구원 발광이 가능한 pdlc 스마트윈도우 및 이의 제조방법
KR20230116055A (ko) * 2020-12-11 2023-08-03 메르크 파텐트 게엠베하 광 투과 조절 장치
US20230324755A1 (en) * 2020-08-18 2023-10-12 Nitto Denko Corporation High coloration speed solid-state electrochromic element and device
KR20230167321A (ko) * 2022-05-31 2023-12-08 메르크 파텐트 게엠베하 액정 매질

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108700702B9 (zh) 2016-04-14 2021-02-02 株式会社Lg化学 透射率可变膜

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20180118311A (ko) * 2017-04-21 2018-10-31 주식회사 엘지화학 액정소자
KR20190027009A (ko) * 2017-09-04 2019-03-14 한국생산기술연구원 발광이 가능한 pdlc 스마트윈도우 및 이의 제조방법
US20230324755A1 (en) * 2020-08-18 2023-10-12 Nitto Denko Corporation High coloration speed solid-state electrochromic element and device
KR20230116055A (ko) * 2020-12-11 2023-08-03 메르크 파텐트 게엠베하 광 투과 조절 장치
KR20230167321A (ko) * 2022-05-31 2023-12-08 메르크 파텐트 게엠베하 액정 매질

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