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WO2025223491A1 - Ensemble composite, son procédé de préparation et ensemble fenêtre le comprenant - Google Patents

Ensemble composite, son procédé de préparation et ensemble fenêtre le comprenant

Info

Publication number
WO2025223491A1
WO2025223491A1 PCT/CN2025/090802 CN2025090802W WO2025223491A1 WO 2025223491 A1 WO2025223491 A1 WO 2025223491A1 CN 2025090802 W CN2025090802 W CN 2025090802W WO 2025223491 A1 WO2025223491 A1 WO 2025223491A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
light
substrate
absorbing
transparent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2025/090802
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Daming Li
Patrick Gayout
Lu Wang
Ljiljana DURDEVIC
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Sekurit France
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Sekurit France
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Sekurit France filed Critical Saint Gobain Sekurit France
Publication of WO2025223491A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025223491A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
    • B32B7/023—Optical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B3/00—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form
    • B32B3/26—Layered products comprising a layer with external or internal discontinuities or unevennesses, or a layer of non-planar shape; Layered products comprising a layer having particular features of form characterised by a particular shape of the outline of the cross-section of a continuous layer; characterised by a layer with cavities or internal voids ; characterised by an apertured layer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B33/00—Layered products characterised by particular properties or particular surface features, e.g. particular surface coatings; Layered products designed for particular purposes not covered by another single class
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/08—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at vehicle sides
    • B60J1/10—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at vehicle sides fixedly mounted
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
    • B60J1/18—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle rear
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
    • B60J7/00—Non-fixed roofs; Roofs with movable panels, e.g. rotary sunroofs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C1/00—Fuselages; Constructional features common to fuselages, wings, stabilising surfaces or the like
    • B64C1/14—Windows; Doors; Hatch covers or access panels; Surrounding frame structures; Canopies; Windscreens accessories therefor, e.g. pressure sensors, water deflectors, hinges, seals, handles, latches, windscreen wipers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/20—Inorganic coating
    • B32B2255/205—Metallic coating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2255/00—Coating on the layer surface
    • B32B2255/28—Multiple coating on one surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/202—Conductive
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/20—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular electrical or magnetic properties, e.g. piezoelectric
    • B32B2307/204—Di-electric
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/41—Opaque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/412—Transparent
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/416—Reflective
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B32B2307/538—Roughness
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
    • B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/08—Cars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/12—Ships
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2605/00—Vehicles
    • B32B2605/18—Aircraft

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of materials, and in particular, to a composite assembly comprising a semi-reflective layer, a preparation method thereof, and a window assembly comprising the composite assembly.
  • Smart window products have a wide range of applications in the fields of construction, automobiles, materials, etc.
  • the demand for smart window applications also increases accordingly.
  • multi-functional panoramic vehicle skylights and windows have emerged.
  • a vehicle skylight in the prior art typically employs a dark adhesive layer (e.g., PVB (polyvinyl butyral) ) to absorb most visible light, and employs a projection display film and an infrared reflective coating to achieve projection display and thermal comfort control effect.
  • a dark adhesive layer e.g., PVB (polyvinyl butyral)
  • a projection display film and an infrared reflective coating to achieve projection display and thermal comfort control effect.
  • the dark adhesive layer e.g., PVB (polyvinyl butyral)
  • the projection display film and the infrared reflective coating are costly and unfavorable for cost reduction. Therefore, the conventional vehicle skylight and window design have limitations in environmental thermal comfort control and cost, so further research and development efforts still need to be performed to obtain a window material that combines thermal comfort, projection function and cost saving.
  • a composite assembly comprising: a transparent substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a light-absorbing substrate; wherein the semi-reflective layer is located between the transparent substrate and the light-absorbing substrate, the semi-reflective layer has a textured first surface and a textured second surface, the transparent substrate is in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contacting surface of the transparent substrate is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the first surface of the semi-reflective layer; and the light-absorbing substrate is in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contacting surface of the light-absorbing substrate is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second surface of the semi-reflective layer; the transparent substrate is closer to an external visible light source than the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the composite assembly is used as a projection screen, and the light-absorbing substrate faces towards a projection light for forming a projection image on a side of the semi-reflective layer facing towards the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the composite assembly consists of the transparent substrate, the semi-reflective layer, and the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the composite assembly has a transmittance of about 0.5%to about 10%, preferably about 0.5%to about 2.5%, for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the composite assembly has a diffuse reflectance of about 10%to about 25%for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate.
  • the composite assembly has a diffuse reflectance of about 40%to about 90%for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the composite assembly has a total solar transmittance of about 10%or less for sunlight incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the composite assembly has a solar direct reflectance (RDS) of about 55%or more for diffuse reflection of sunlight incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • RDS solar direct reflectance
  • the composite assembly has a diffuse reflectance of about 55%to about 95%for near-infrared light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the composite assembly has a haze of about 10%or less, preferably 5%or less.
  • the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate is greater than the diffuse reflectance of the composite assembly for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the transmittance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate is greater than the transmittance of the composite assembly for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate is greater than the diffuse reflectance of the composite assembly for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate.
  • the reflection and the transmission of the composite assembly for visible light satisfy the following relationship
  • R4 represents the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate
  • T2 represents the transmittance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the textured first surface is parallel to the textured second surface (the textured surfaces being parallel means that the textures are parallel to each other) .
  • the textured first surface and/or the textured second surface has a root mean square slope of profile of about 1° to about 20°.
  • the light-absorbing substrate comprises at least one light-absorbing layer, one surface of one of the light-absorbing layer (s) is in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contacting surface of said one of the light-absorbing layer (s) is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second surface of the semi-reflective layer.
  • the light-absorbing substrate comprises at least one light-absorbing layer and at least one transparent layer, one surface of one of the light-absorbing layer (s) or one of the transparent layer (s) is in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contacting surface of said one of the light-absorbing layer (s) or said one of the transparent layer (s) is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second surface of the semi-reflective layer.
  • the transparent substrate comprises at least one transparent layer, wherein one surface of one of the transparent layer (s) is in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contacting surface of said one of the transparent layer (s) is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the first surface of the semi-reflective layer, and all the layers comprised in the transparent substrate are transparent layers.
  • the light-absorbing substrate comprises any one of a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a switchable film, a polymeric layer and a film substrate layer or any combination thereof.
  • the transparent substrate comprises any one of a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a polymeric layer, and a film substrate layer or any combination thereof.
  • the semi-reflective layer is a single layer or a multilayer stack
  • the single layer is a metal layer or a metal alloy layer
  • the multilayer stack comprises at least one metal layer or metal alloy layer
  • each of the contacting surfaces of each layer with its adjacent layers in the multilayer stack is textured
  • the texture of each of the contacting surfaces is complementary to the texture of its adjacent contacting surface.
  • a first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer is a glass substrate, and a first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer or an adhesive layer.
  • a first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer
  • a first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer or an adhesive layer or a glass substrate.
  • a first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer is an adhesive layer
  • a first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer or a glass substrate.
  • the light-absorbing substrate further comprises a second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer, which is in contact with the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate on a side of the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer, when the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate is a polymeric layer, the second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer is an adhesive layer, optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further comprises a glass substrate or a switchable film in contact with the adhesive layer on a side of the adhesive layer facing away from the polymeric layer.
  • the light-absorbing substrate further comprises a second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer, which is in contact with the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate on a side of the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer; when the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate is a polymeric layer, the second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer is a film substrate layer; optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further comprises an adhesive layer in contact with the film substrate layer on a side of the film substrate layer facing away from the polymeric layer, further optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further comprises a glass substrate or a switchable film in contact with the adhesive layer on a side of the adhesive layer facing away from the film substrate layer.
  • the light-absorbing substrate further comprises a second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer, which is in contact with the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate on a side of the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer, when the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate is an adhesive layer, the second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer is a glass substrate or a switchable film.
  • the transparent substrate further comprises a second transparent layer, which is in contact with the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate on a side of the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer, when the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate is a polymeric layer, the second transparent layer is an adhesive layer, optionally, the transparent substrate further comprises a glass substrate in contact with the adhesive layer on a side of the adhesive layer facing away from the polymeric layer.
  • the transparent substrate further comprises a second transparent layer, which is in contact with the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate on a side of the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer; when the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate is a polymeric layer, the second transparent layer is a film substrate layer; optionally, the transparent substrate further comprises an adhesive layer in contact with the film substrate layer on a side of the film substrate layer facing away from the polymeric layer, further optionally, the transparent substrate further comprises a glass substrate in contact with the adhesive layer on a side of the adhesive layer facing away from the film substrate layer.
  • the transparent substrate further comprises a second transparent layer, which is in contact with the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate on a side of the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer, when the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate is an adhesive layer, the second transparent layer is a glass substrate.
  • a method for preparing a composite assembly comprising providing at least one layer of one of a light-absorbing substrate and a transparent substrate, forming one surface of one layer of the at least one layer of the one of the light-absorbing substrate and the transparent substrate into a textured surface and forming a semi-reflective layer on the textured surface, forming at least one layer of the other one of the light-absorbing substrate and the transparent substrate on a surface of the semi-reflective layer facing away from the one layer of the at least one layer of the one of the light-absorbing substrate and the transparent substrate to obtain at least a portion of the composite assembly; optionally, further providing other layers of the light-absorbing substrate and the transparent substrate to obtain the composite assembly of the present disclosure.
  • the one layer of the at least one layer of the one of the light-absorbing substrate and the transparent substrate is a polymeric layer or a glass substrate.
  • a window assembly comprising the composite assembly of the present disclosure.
  • the window assembly comprises a door, a window, a curtain wall, a vehicle window glass, an airplane glass or a ship glass.
  • the window assembly is a vehicle window glass
  • the vehicle window glass comprises a rear windshield, a skylight glass, a vehicle door glass or a corner window glass, preferably a skylight glass.
  • the transparent substrate faces towards the outside of a vehicle and the light-absorbing substrate faces towards the inside of the vehicle.
  • the transparent substrate in the window assembly faces towards a sunlight source, and the light-absorbing substrate in the window assembly faces away from the sunlight source.
  • a vehicle comprising the window assembly of the present disclosure, further comprising a projection device, wherein a projection light of the projection device faces towards the light-absorbing substrate of the window assembly for forming a projection image on a side of the semi-reflective layer facing towards the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the composite assembly of the present disclosure adopts a novel design, which comprises a transparent substrate, a semi-reflective layer and a light-absorbing substrate in sequence, wherein the semi-reflective layer has a textured surface.
  • the composite assembly of the present disclosure achieves excellent projection display effect.
  • the reflection and transmission of visible light by the composite assembly of the present disclosure satisfy a specific relationship, which also helps to enable the composite assembly of the present disclosure to achieve excellent thermal comfort effect and projection display effect.
  • the specific diffuse reflectance, transmittance and absorbance of the composite assembly for visible light can impart more desired functions to the composite assembly of the present disclosure, such as excellent privacy effect, diversified appearance, gentle indoor light, and better thermal comfort control effect, etc.
  • the composite assembly of the present disclosure employs a novel design: the total solar transmittance can be reduced to 10%or less by the high diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light (which accounts for a major portion (about 50%) of the total solar energy on Earth) and by maintaining the high diffuse reflectance (e.g., about 55%or more) of the semi-reflective layer for near-infrared light (in the wavelength range of about 780 nm to about 2500 nm) in sunlight.
  • the reflection of visible light by the semi-reflective layer is diffuse reflection rather than specular reflection, even if the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light is high, serious light pollution will not be caused on either side of the semi-reflective layer.
  • the composite assembly may also achieve diversified appearances.
  • the composite assembly of the present disclosure used for the vehicle window glass may match the visual effect of the vehicle body paint, so that there is no obvious color deviation between the composite assembly and the vehicle body, thereby leading to an approximately seamless visual effect for the vehicle's appearance.
  • the composite assembly of the present disclosure can achieve projection display effect comparable to the prior art (for example, an outer transparent glass w/2Ag coating+ dark PVB+ projection display film+ inner transparent PVB+ inner transparent glass may be used in the prior art) by combining with a light-absorbing substrate facing towards the inside of a vehicle.
  • the composite assembly of the present disclosure has a significantly lower cost.
  • the projection display film and the infrared reflective coating in the prior art are costly and unfavorable for cost reduction
  • the present disclosure integrates thermal control and projection display function into the semi-reflective layer, which can significantly reduce costs, and further cost reduction can be achieved when using, for example, an Al metal layer as the main reflective layer.
  • the prior art also faces the problem of being very difficult in controlling the total solar transmittance within 10%.
  • the multilayer stack of the semi-reflective layer adopts an asymmetric design, even if the reflection of the composite assembly for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate is chromatic, the reflection of the composite assembly for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate may still be neutral.
  • the transmission of visible light by the composite assembly can be neutral, while the reflection of visible light by the composite assembly can be chromatic.
  • the composite assembly has a high diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate and a suitable diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from a side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate, which is helpful to make the composite assembly of the present disclosure achieve an “unidirectional viewing” function, which helps to ensure the privacy of the space on the side of the light-absorbing substrate, which is particularly advantageous for the application of the vehicle window glass, and can better protect the privacy of the occupant.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a composite assembly of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged view of the semi-reflective layer of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 shows a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a composite assembly of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of a composite assembly of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5a shows a schematic diagram of visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate passing through the composite assembly of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5b shows a schematic diagram of visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate being reflected (including diffusely reflected) , transmitted and absorbed by the transparent substrate, the semi-reflective layer, and the light-absorbing substrate.
  • FIG. 5c shows a schematic diagram of visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate being diffusely reflected by the composite assembly of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6a shows a schematic diagram of visible light incident from a side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate being diffusely reflected by the composite assembly of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6b shows a schematic diagram of visible light incident from a side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate being reflected (including diffusely reflected) , transmitted and absorbed by the light-absorbing substrate and the semi-reflective layer.
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a metal stack layer of a semi-reflective layer of a composite assembly of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a metal stack layer of a semi-reflective layer of a composite assembly of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 9 shows a color chromaticity diagram of simulated reflection and transmission of the structure shown in FIG. 8 for visible light incident from one side.
  • FIG. 10 shows a color chromaticity diagram of simulated reflection and transmission of the structure shown in FIG. 8 for visible light incident from the other side.
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a composite assembly of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 shows a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a composite assembly of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 13 shows a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a composite assembly of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 14 shows a schematic diagram of another embodiment of a composite assembly of the present disclosure.
  • “3.0-5.0” encompasses 3.0, 3.2, 3.5, 3.8, 4.0, 4.2, 4.5, 4.7, 4.9, 5.0, and any sub-range subsumed by any two of these values.
  • the term “about” usually refers to the value of the variable and all the values of the variable within the experimental error (for example, within an average 95%confidence interval) or within ⁇ 10%of the specified value, or a wider range.
  • one or more refers to one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, or more.
  • the term “refractive index” has the meaning commonly understood in the field, i.e., the ratio of the propagation velocity of light in vacuum to the propagation velocity of light in a medium.
  • Refractive index can be measured using conventional methods and equipment in the field. For example, the measurement may be performed by using a laser measurement instrument or an ellipsometer. In the present disclosure, the “refractive index” may be measured at a wavelength of 550 nm.
  • the term “transmittance” may also be referred to as “light transmittance” , representing the ability of light to pass through a medium, defined as a percentage of luminous flux that passes through the medium relative to incident luminous flux.
  • Light transmittance can be measured using conventional methods and equipment in the field. The measurement may be performed, for example, using a spectrophotometer. For example, the measurement can be performed with reference to ISO 13837. The measurement wavelength of visible light transmittance is, for example, 380-780 nm. The measurement temperature is, for example, room temperature.
  • the term “diffuse reflectance” refers to the percentage of diffuse reflected luminous flux of a medium for light (including visible light as well as near-infrared light) to incident luminous flux. Diffuse reflectance of visible light can be measured using conventional methods and equipment in the field. The measurement may be performed, for example, using a spectrophotometer. For example, the measurement can be performed with reference to ISO 9050. Diffuse reflectance of near-infrared light can be measured using conventional methods and equipment in the field. The measurement may be performed, for example, using a spectrophotometer. For example, the measurement can be performed with reference to ISO 13837.
  • the term “solar direct reflectance (RDS) ” refers to the ratio of solar intensity reflected (including diffusely reflected) by a medium to the incident solar intensity within the solar spectrum (300 nm to 2500 nm) range.
  • SCE Standard Component Exclude
  • the RDS of diffuse reflection of sunlight by the medium can be measured and obtained, i.e., the ratio of the solar intensity diffusely reflected by the medium to the incident solar intensity.
  • Solar direct reflectance can be measured using conventional methods and equipment in the field. The measurement may be performed, for example, using a spectrophotometer. For example, the measurement can be performed with reference to ISO 13837.
  • total solar transmittance refers to the ratio of the total energy of sunlight transmitted through a medium to the energy of incident sunlight within the solar spectrum (300 nm to 2500 nm) range.
  • Total solar transmittance can be measured using conventional methods, and equipment in the field. The measurement may be performed, for example, using a spectrophotometer. For example, the measurement can be performed with reference to ISO 13837.
  • the term “reflectance” refers to the percentage of reflected luminous flux of a medium for light, particularly visible light, to incident luminous flux. Reflectance of visible light can be measured using conventional methods and equipment in the field. The measurement may be performed, for example, using a spectrophotometer. For example, the measurement can be performed with reference to ISO 9050.
  • haze refers to the ratio of the scattered luminous flux of incident light deviating from the normal direction through a medium (e.g., a test specimen) to the transmitted luminous flux of incident light, expressed in “%” .
  • the scattered luminous flux that deviates 2.5 degrees or more from the incident light direction is typically used to calculate haze.
  • Haze can be measured using conventional methods and equipment in the field. Haze may be measured, for example, using a haze meter. For example, the measurement can be performed with reference to GB2410 and/or ASTM D1003.
  • absorptivity can be denoted by A
  • A absorptivity
  • the light absorbance of the incident visible light by the medium may be measured using conventional methods and equipment in the field.
  • Light absorbance can be measured, for example, using a spectrophotometer.
  • the measurement can be performed with reference to ISO9050 and ISO13837.
  • contact means direct contact.
  • alayer is in contact with another layer means that the two layers are in direct contact, and no other layer is present between the two layers.
  • room temperature refers to about 20-30°C, such as about 25°C.
  • the term “major surface” refers to the surface of the side of a layered material with the larger surface area.
  • the “major surface” is also the surface in the layered material that reflects and transmits light.
  • a major surface of a light-absorbing substrate may refer to a surface that faces towards visible light and reflects or transmits visible light.
  • the present disclosure relates to a composite assembly comprising: a transparent substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a light-absorbing substrate; wherein the semi-reflective layer is located between the transparent substrate and the light-absorbing substrate, the semi-reflective layer has a textured first surface and a textured second surface, the transparent substrate is in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contacting surface of the transparent substrate is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the first surface of the semi-reflective layer; and the light-absorbing substrate is in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contacting surface of the light-absorbing substrate is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second surface of the semi-reflective layer; the transparent substrate is closer to an external visible light source than the light-absorbing substrate. That is, the transparent substrate faces towards an external visible light source, and the light-absorbing substrate faces away from an external visible light source. In a specific embodiment, the external visible light source is sunlight.
  • the composite assembly is used as a projection screen, and the light-absorbing substrate faces towards a projection light for forming a projection image on a side of the semi-reflective layer facing towards the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the projection image for example, it can be a static text, a number, a symbol, or a picture, or can be a dynamic video.
  • the composite assembly consists of the transparent substrate, the semi-reflective layer, and the light-absorbing substrate.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a composite assembly of the present disclosure, wherein the composite assembly comprises Transparent substrate 101, Semi-reflective layer 102, and Light-absorbing substrate 103, wherein Semi-reflective layer 102 is located between Transparent substrate 101 and Light-absorbing substrate 103.
  • FIG. 2 shows a partially enlarged view of the semi-reflective layer of FIG. 1, wherein Semi-reflective layer 102 has textured First surface 1021 and textured Second surface 1022.
  • the transparent substrate refers to a substrate that is transparent to visible light (e.g., a wavelength range of 380 nm to 780 nm) . It is highly transparent and can transmit most of visible light with limited absorption for light in the visible wavelength range.
  • the transparent substrate is also highly transparent to near-infrared light (for example, a wavelength range of 780 nm to 2500 nm) and can transmit most of near-infrared light with limited absorption for light in the near-infrared wavelength range.
  • the transparent substrate comprises any one of a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a polymeric layer, and a film substrate layer or any combination thereof.
  • the transparent substrate may be a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a polymeric layer, a film substrate layer, or the like.
  • the transparent substrate may be a combination of a glass substrate and/or an adhesive layer and/or a polymeric layer and/or a film substrate layer.
  • the glass substrate may be an amorphous inorganic non-metallic material, which is typically made from various inorganic minerals (such as quartz sand, borax, boric acid, barite, barium carbonate, limestone, feldspar, soda ash and the like) as the main raw material, with a small amount of auxiliary raw materials added. Its main components are silica and other oxides.
  • the “glass” may be of any type, including a sodium-containing glass or a low sodium glass (such as a high borosilicate glass, a high aluminosilicate glass or the like) .
  • the shape of the glass substrate may be arbitrary. According to practical requirements, the glass substrate may be for example square, rectangle, circle, ellipse, regular hexagon or the like.
  • the glass may be a strengthened glass which has undergone strengthening treatment, such as a glass which has undergone chemically strengthening treatment.
  • the glass substrate may be flat glass or curved glass.
  • the glass substrate has a thickness of about 1 mm or more.
  • the glass substrate has a thickness of about 1 mm or more and about 4 mm or less. For example, about 1 mm, about 2 mm, about 3 mm, about 4 mm.
  • the glass substrate comprises any one of soda-lime-silica float glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, glass-ceramic glass, and polycarbonate glass or any combination thereof.
  • the glass substrate is soda-lime-silica float glass.
  • the advantages of the glass substrate can be fully utilized, such as low haze, high transparency, good scratch resistance, etc.
  • the surface of the glass structure has abundant hydroxide groups, which enables the glass substrate to have strong adhesion to adjacent layers, especially adjacent layers of polymeric materials.
  • a suitable type of glass substrate may render the transparent substrate or the composite assembly of the present disclosure with a high transmittance for visible light (for example, external visible light) incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate, so that most of visible light passes through the transparent substrate and reaches the semi-reflective layer, thereby helping the semi-reflective layer achieve its effect, realizing the thermal comfort control effect of the composite assembly and the like.
  • the adhesive layer used as a transparent substrate is transparent with a high transmittance, and can transmit most of visible light.
  • the adhesive layer also has suitable adhesion to adjacent layers.
  • the adhesive layer comprises any one of an optical adhesive, a thermoplastic polymer, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive or any combination thereof.
  • the adhesive layer comprises any one of polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, and ionic intermediate film or any combination thereof.
  • the adhesive layer comprises an ionic intermediate film.
  • the polymeric layer comprises any one of polyester, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyamide, polyimide, photocrosslinked and/or photopolymerized resin, and polythiourethane or any combination thereof.
  • the film substrate layer comprises any one of a glass film and a thermoplastic polymer film or any combination thereof.
  • the thermoplastic polymer film comprises any one of polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyimide and cyclo olefin polymer or any combination thereof.
  • the glass film has a thickness of about 25 ⁇ m to about 200 ⁇ m.
  • the thermoplastic polymer film has a thickness of about 0.15 mm to about 0.25 mm.
  • the transparent substrate comprises two major surfaces.
  • one major surface of the transparent substrate is textured, and this major surface is in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer, and the texture of the contacting surface of the transparent substrate with the semi-reflective layer is complementary to the texture of the first surface of the semi-reflective layer.
  • the other major surface of the transparent substrate may be smooth and non-rough, which faces away from the semi-reflective layer.
  • the transparent substrate may be a single layer or multiple layers, and all the single layer or multiple layers are transparent.
  • the term “major surface” refers to a surface that faces towards or faces away from light.
  • one major surface of the transparent substrate may be a surface that faces towards visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the other major surface of the transparent substrate may be a surface that faces away from visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • Transparent substrate 101 is in contact with textured First surface 1021 of Semi-reflective layer 102, and the contacting surface of the transparent substrate with the semi-reflective layer is textured, and such texture is complementary to the texture of First surface 1021 of Semi-reflective layer 102; while the major surface of Transparent substrate 101 facing away from Semi-reflective layer 102 may be smooth and non-rough.
  • the transparent substrate comprises at least one transparent layer.
  • a “transparent layer” refers to a layer consisting of a transparent material, and in view of its highly transparent property, its optical absorption for light in visible light wavelength range is limited, and most of visible light can be transmitted.
  • the transparent substrate comprises at least one transparent layer, wherein one surface of one of the transparent layer (s) is in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contacting surface of said one of the transparent layer (s) is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the first surface of the semi-reflective layer, and all the layers comprised in the transparent substrate are transparent layers.
  • the texture on the glass substrate may be achieved by a process such as acid etching, sandblasting, laser etching, etc.
  • the texture on the polymeric layer may be achieved by, for example, nanoimprint (e.g., UV nanoimprint, thermal nanoimprint, mold compression nanoimprint) or transfer print (e.g., UV transfer print) .
  • a first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer is a glass substrate, and a first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer or an adhesive layer; or a first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer, and a first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer or an adhesive layer or a glass substrate; or a first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer is an adhesive layer, and a first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer or a glass substrate.
  • the transparent substrate further comprises a second transparent layer, which is in contact with the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate on a side of the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer; when the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate is a polymeric layer, the second transparent layer is an adhesive layer, optionally, the transparent substrate further comprises a glass substrate in contact with the adhesive layer on a side of the adhesive layer facing away from the polymeric layer; or the second transparent layer is a film substrate layer, optionally, the transparent substrate further comprises an adhesive layer in contact with the film substrate layer on a side of the film substrate layer facing away from the polymeric layer, further optionally, the transparent substrate further comprises a glass substrate in contact with the adhesive layer on a side of the adhesive layer facing away from the film substrate layer; when the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate is an adhesive layer, the second transparent layer is a glass substrate.
  • the transparent substrate is a single-layer transparent layer, wherein one surface of the single-layer transparent layer is in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contacting surface of the single-layer transparent layer is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the first surface of the semi-reflective layer.
  • the single-layer transparent layer is any one of a glass substrate and a polymeric layer.
  • the transparent substrate comprises at least one transparent layer, wherein one surface of one of the transparent layer (s) is in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contacting surface of said one of the transparent layer (s) is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the first surface of the semi-reflective layer, and all the layers comprised in the transparent substrate are transparent layers.
  • the transparent substrate comprises two or more transparent layers, and all the layers comprised in the transparent substrate are transparent layers.
  • the at least one transparent layer comprises any one of a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a polymeric layer, and a film substrate layer or any combination thereof.
  • the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer is a glass substrate.
  • the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer.
  • the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer is an adhesive layer.
  • the transparent substrate comprises two or more transparent layers, wherein the transparent layer in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer is a first transparent layer, and the transparent substrate further comprises a second transparent layer, which is in contact with the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate on a side of the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer, and when the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate is a polymeric layer, the second transparent layer is an adhesive layer.
  • the transparent substrate further comprises a glass substrate in contact with the adhesive layer on a side of the adhesive layer facing away from the polymeric layer.
  • the transparent substrate comprises two or more transparent layers, wherein the transparent layer in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer is a first transparent layer, and the transparent substrate further comprises a second transparent layer, which is in contact with the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate on a side of the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer, and when the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate is a polymeric layer, the second transparent layer is a film substrate layer.
  • the transparent substrate further comprises an adhesive layer in contact with the film substrate layer on a side of the film substrate layer facing away from the polymeric layer.
  • the transparent substrate further comprises a glass substrate in contact with the adhesive layer on a side of the adhesive layer facing away from the film substrate layer.
  • the transparent substrate comprises two or more transparent layers, wherein the transparent layer in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer is a first transparent layer, and the transparent substrate further comprises a second transparent layer, which is in contact with the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate on a side of the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer, and when the first transparent layer of the transparent substrate is an adhesive layer, the second transparent layer is a glass substrate.
  • the transparent substrate comprises or consists of single transparent layer which is in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer, and the single transparent layer is a glass substrate or a polymeric layer.
  • the transparent substrate comprises or consists of two transparent layers, wherein the first transparent layer in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer is an adhesive layer, the second transparent layer is a glass substrate which is in contact with the adhesive layer on a side of the adhesive layer facing away from the semi-reflective layer, that is, the adhesive layer is located between the glass substrate and the semi-reflective layer, and both the adhesive layer and the glass substrate are transparent layers.
  • the first transparent layer in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer
  • the second transparent layer is a film substrate layer, which is in contact with the polymeric layer on a side of the polymeric layer facing away from the semi-reflective layer, and both the polymeric layer and the film substrate layer are transparent layers.
  • the transparent substrate comprises or consists of three transparent layers, wherein the first transparent layer in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer; the second transparent layer is an adhesive layer which is in contact with the polymeric layer on a side of the polymeric layer facing away from the semi-reflective layer; the third transparent layer is a glass substrate which is in contact with the adhesive layer on a side of the adhesive layer facing away from the polymeric layer; and all the adhesive layer, the polymeric layer and the glass substrate are transparent layers.
  • the transparent substrate comprises or consists of four transparent layers, wherein the first transparent layer in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer; the second transparent layer is a film substrate layer which is in contact with the polymeric layer on a side of the polymeric layer facing away from the semi-reflective layer; the third transparent layer is an adhesive layer which is in contact with the film substrate layer on a side of the film substrate layer facing away from the polymeric layer; the fourth transparent layer is a glass substrate which is in contact with the adhesive layer on a side of the adhesive layer facing away from the film substrate layer; and all the polymeric layer, the film substrate layer, the adhesive layer and the glass substrate are transparent layers.
  • the semi-reflective layer refers to a layer that is semi-reflective to light.
  • the semi-reflective layer of the present disclosure has a high diffuse reflectance for visible light (e.g., having a diffuse reflectance of greater than 40%for visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate) .
  • the semi-reflective layer of the present disclosure also has a high diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light (for example, having a diffuse reflectance of greater than or equal to 55%for near-infrared light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate) .
  • the semi-reflective layer is formed by coating, and thus may also be referred to as a semi-reflective coating layer.
  • the semi-reflectivity of a semi-reflective layer refers to: when incident radiation (such as visible light) reaches a semi-reflective layer, a part of the incident radiation is diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer, and a part of the incident radiation is transmitted by the semi-reflective layer.
  • the semi-reflective layer is located between the transparent substrate and the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the semi-reflective layer has a textured first surface and a textured second surface.
  • the transparent substrate is in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contacting surface of the transparent substrate is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the first surface of the semi-reflective layer.
  • the light-absorbing substrate is in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contacting surface of the light-absorbing substrate is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second surface of the semi-reflective layer.
  • Semi-reflective layer 102 is textured and has textured First surface 1021 and textured Second surface 1022.
  • the semi-reflective layer has a relatively high diffuse reflectance to visible light in incident light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the incident light is sunlight
  • the semi-reflective layer also has a relatively high diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light in the incident light.
  • the semi-reflective layer diffusely reflects visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate, and has a high diffuse reflectance.
  • a high diffuse reflectance helps to achieve good thermal comfort on the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate, and the diffuse reflection rather than specular reflection can avoid light pollution.
  • the semi-reflective layer has a relatively low transmittance for visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate is an external visible light source of the composite assembly.
  • the external visible light source is external sunlight
  • the visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate is a part of the external sunlight.
  • the semi-reflective layer may also have a relatively high diffuse reflectance for the near-infrared light in the external sunlight.
  • the semi-reflective layer diffusely reflects visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate, and has a high diffuse reflectance. In combination with an appropriate light absorption property of the light-absorbing substrate, it helps to achieve a good projection display effect on the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate. Likewise, diffuse reflection rather than specular reflection can avoid light pollution.
  • the visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate is an internal visible light source of the composite assembly.
  • the visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate may be indoor visible light of a transportation means such as an automobile or a train.
  • a transportation means such as an automobile or a train.
  • such visible light is visible light emitted by a projection device indoors in a transportation means such as an automobile or a train.
  • the media on the two sides of the semi-reflective layer that is, the transparent substrate and the light-absorbing substrate, have close or identical refractive indices, which helps to make the composite assembly of the present disclosure have low haze, thereby meeting the requirement of low haze in certain application scenarios.
  • the haze may be 10%or less, preferably 5%or less.
  • the low haze of the composite assembly can ensure a clear view through the composite assembly.
  • the transparent substrate and the light-absorbing substrate respectively comprise at least one layer and any layer of the transparent substrate has a refractive index close to or the same as that of any layer of the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the absolute value of the refractive index difference between any layer of the transparent substrate and any layer of the light-absorbing substrate may be 0.05 or less, preferably 0.02 or less, more preferably 0.015 or less, such as 0.05 or less, 0.02 or less, 0.018 or less, 0.016 or less, 0.015 or less, 0.014 or less, 0.012 or less, 0.01 or less, 0.008 or less, 0.006 or less, 0.004 or less, 0.002 or less, and the like.
  • the contacting surface of an adjacent layer with the semi-reflective layer is textured.
  • its textured contacting surface may be achieved by a process such as acid etching, sandblasting, laser etching, etc.
  • its textured contacting surface may be achieved by nanoimprint (e.g., UV nanoimprint, thermal nanoimprint, mold compression nanoimprint) or transfer print (e.g., UV transfer print) .
  • the textured surface of the adjacent layer may be formed by the method described above, and the material of the semi-reflective layer can be coated on the textured surface to form a semi-reflective layer with a textured surface.
  • the reflection is diffuse reflection because the contacting surface is textured.
  • the diffuse reflection of the composite assembly of the present disclosure for visible light is related to the textured surface of the semi-reflective layer in contact with its adjacent layer.
  • the textured first surface is parallel to the textured second surface.
  • the textured first surface has a root mean square slope of profile of about 1° to about 20°.
  • the textured second surface has a root mean square slope of profile of about 1° to about 20°.
  • the root mean square slope of profile of the textured first surface is equal to the root mean square slope of profile of the textured second surface.
  • the semi-reflective layer is a single layer or a multilayer stack.
  • the semi-reflective layer is a single layer, and the single layer is a metal layer or a metal alloy layer.
  • the metal layer or the metal alloy layer has a relatively high diffuse reflectance for visible light and near-infrared light.
  • the semi-reflective layer is a multilayer stack comprising at least one metal layer or a metal alloy layer.
  • the metal layer or the metal alloy layer has a relatively high diffuse reflectance for visible light and near-infrared light.
  • Each of the contacting surfaces of each layer with its adjacent layers in the multilayer stack layer is textured, and the texture of each of the contacting surfaces is complementary to the texture of its adjacent contacting surface.
  • each of the textured contacting surfaces (including the textured first surface and the textured second surface described above) of each layer with its adjacent layers in the multilayer stack is parallel to one another.
  • the metal layer comprises any one of aluminum, silver and molybdenum or any combination thereof.
  • the metal layer comprises aluminum.
  • the metal layer comprises silver.
  • the metal layer comprises aluminum and silver.
  • the metal alloy layer comprises any one of an aluminum alloy, a silver alloy, and a molybdenum alloy or any combination thereof. In a preferred embodiment, the metal alloy layer comprises an aluminum alloy.
  • the multilayer stack may comprise the same or different metals or metal alloys.
  • the multilayer stack may comprise two metal layers, where one metal layer comprises silver, and the other metal layer comprises silver or aluminum.
  • the metal layers in the multilayer stack may be adjacent or may be separated by other layers.
  • two metal layers may be comprised in the multilayer stack, where the two metal layers may be adjacent or separated by a dielectric layer (which may comprise non-metal oxide, such as TiOx) .
  • the multilayer stack may comprise two metal alloy layers, where one metal alloy layer comprises aluminum alloy, and the other metal alloy layer comprises silver alloy or molybdenum alloy.
  • the metal alloy layers in the multilayer stack may be adjacent or may be separated by other layers.
  • two metal alloy layers may be comprised in the multilayer stack, where the two metal alloy layers may be adjacent or separated by a dielectric layer (which may comprise non-metal oxide, such as TiOx) .
  • the multilayer stack may also comprise one or more metal layers and one or more metal alloy layers at the same time. Details are not described herein again.
  • the multilayer stack may be symmetrically or asymmetrically stacked.
  • a 40 nm TiOx/20 nm Al/40 nm TiOx stack is a symmetric stack
  • a 20 nm Al/60 nm TiOx/5 nm Cu stack is an asymmetric stack.
  • the multilayer stack of the semi-reflective layer is a symmetric stack, it can be considered that the reflection and absorption of the semi-reflective layer for incident light incident from its two sides (from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate and from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate) are the same.
  • the reflection and absorption of the semi-reflective layer for incident light incident from its two sides may have a certain difference (but according to the optical theory, the semi-reflective layer has no difference in transmission of incident light incident from its two sides) , and such a difference helps to obtain different optical effects (for example, different color appearances and different reflectivity) on two sides of the semi-reflective layer.
  • different optical effects may be respectively provided inside and outside the vehicle window, for example, a colorful appearance is observed from the outside of the vehicle, and a neutral color is still displayed to the inside of the vehicle. Additionally, transmission can remain neutral while reflection can be designed to be chromatic.
  • the semi-reflective layer further comprises a blocking layer located on one side of the metal layer or the metal alloy layer or on both sides of the metal layer or the metal alloy layer, each of the contacting surfaces of the blocking layer with its adjacent layers is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of its adjacent contacting surface.
  • the textured contacting surfaces of the blocking layer with adjacent layers are parallel to each other.
  • the blocking layer may be used to isolate the metal layer or the metal alloy layer, thereby preventing the metal or metal alloy in the metal layer or the metal alloy layer from being eroded by the external environment, and prolonging the service life of the semi-reflective layer.
  • the blocking layer comprises any one of nickel, chromium, titanium, and nickel-chromium alloy or any combination thereof.
  • the semi-reflective layer further comprises a dielectric layer, each of the contacting surfaces of the dielectric layer with its adjacent layers is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of its adjacent contacting surface.
  • the textured contacting surfaces of the dielectric layer with adjacent layers are parallel to each other.
  • the dielectric layer can protect the metal or metal alloy in the metal layer or the metal alloy layer from damage from oxidation, moisture or scratching, thus prolonging the service life of the semi-reflective layer.
  • introducing such a dielectric layer into the semi-reflective layer may make the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light different from that for near-infrared light (for example, making the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for near-infrared light be greater than that for visible light) , thereby helping the composite assembly to obtain a better thermal comfort control effect at a specific visible light reflectivity level.
  • the dielectric layer may also adjust, based on the optical interference, a color in which the semi-reflective layer reflects visible light, so that the composite assembly has a unique appearance and aesthetic value.
  • the dielectric layer comprises an oxide, a nitride, a sulfide or a carbide of a metal or an inorganic non-metal.
  • the dielectric layer may comprise TiOx.
  • the dielectric layer may comprise SiOx. Wherein TiOx represents an oxide of titanium, SiOx represents an oxide of silicon, 1.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.
  • the semi-reflective layer further comprises an absorption adjustment layer, each of the contacting surfaces of the absorption adjustment layer with its adjacent layers is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of its adjacent contacting surface, the blocking layer is located on one side of the absorption adjustment layer or on both sides of the absorption adjustment layer.
  • the absorption adjustment layer comprises a metal which has a unique light absorption band in the visible light range, so that the color and light absorption of the semi-reflective layer can be adjusted.
  • the blocking layer may be used to isolate the absorption adjustment layer, thereby preventing the metal in the absorption adjustment layer from being eroded by the external environment and prolonging the service life of the semi-reflective layer.
  • the textured contacting surfaces of the absorption adjustment layers with adjacent layers are parallel to each other.
  • the absorption adjustment layer comprises any one of copper, and gold or any combination thereof.
  • the light-absorbing substrate refers to a material layer having a high absorbance for visible light.
  • the combination of the light-absorbing substrate and the semi-reflective layer helps the composite assembly of the present disclosure to achieve excellent projection display effect.
  • the composite assembly of the present disclosure achieves a low-transmittance effect, realizing functions such as privacy protection and reducing the interference of external ambient light on the projection display.
  • the light-absorbing substrate can appropriately absorb such visible light (including initially incident visible light and visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer) , thereby controlling the intensity of the diffusely reflected visible light.
  • the light-absorbing substrate in the composite assembly helps to control the light intensity in the vehicle interior, to achieve a suitable projection display brightness, and to avoid potential light pollution (e.g., excessive reflection of the vehicle interior ambient light or the light from the large-size display panel toward the passengers) .
  • the light-absorbing substrate may also help to adjust visible light color on the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate.
  • the light-absorbing substrate comprises a colored layer, such as a colored polymeric layer, a colored glass substrate, a dark state switchable film (the switchable film is in a dark state) , etc.
  • the light-absorbing substrate comprises any one of a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a polymeric layer, a switchable film, and a film substrate layer or any combination thereof.
  • the light-absorbing substrate may be a glass substrate, an adhesive layer, a switchable film, a polymeric layer, a film substrate layer, or the like.
  • the light-absorbing substrate may be a combination of a glass substrate and/or an adhesive layer and/or a switchable film and/or a polymeric layer and/or a film substrate layer.
  • the glass substrate may be an amorphous inorganic non-metallic material, which is typically made from various inorganic minerals (such as quartz sand, borax, boric acid, barite, barium carbonate, limestone, feldspar, soda ash and the like) as the main raw material, with a small amount of auxiliary raw materials added. Its main components are silica and other oxides.
  • the “glass” may be of any type, including a sodium-containing glass or a low sodium glass (such as a high borosilicate glass, a high aluminosilicate glass or the like) .
  • the glass may be, for example, colorless glass, or it may be, for example, colored glass that is tinted by the incorporation of certain metal oxides or salts.
  • the shape of the glass substrate may be arbitrary. According to practical requirements, the glass substrate may be for example square, rectangle, circle, ellipse, regular hexagon or the like. According to practical requirements, the glass may be a strengthened glass which has undergone strengthening treatment, such as a glass which has undergone chemically strengthening treatment. In addition, according to actual requirements, the glass substrate may be flat glass or curved glass. In addition, the glass substrate has a thickness of about 1 mm or more. In an embodiment, the glass substrate has a thickness of about 1 mm or more and about 4 mm or less. For example, about 1 mm, about 2 mm, about 3 mm, about 4 mm.
  • the glass substrate comprises any one of soda-lime-silica float glass, borosilicate glass, aluminosilicate glass, glass-ceramic glass, and polycarbonate glass or any combination thereof.
  • the glass substrate is soda-lime-silica float glass.
  • the glass substrate may be used as a transparent layer and/or a light-absorbing layer in a light-absorbing substrate (described in more detail below) .
  • a LowE (Low emissivity) coating may be formed on a surface of the glass substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer, thereby forming a low emissivity glass substrate. Since the LowE coating has high transmission for visible light and high reflection for infrared light, it helps to achieve a further thermal comfort control effect.
  • an anti-reflective coating may also be formed on a surface of the glass substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer, so as to form an anti-reflective glass substrate, thereby helping to achieve a further anti-glare effect.
  • the adhesive layer has suitable adhesion to adjacent layers.
  • the adhesive layer comprises any one of an optical adhesive, a thermoplastic polymer, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive or any combination thereof.
  • the adhesive layer comprises any one of polyvinyl butyral, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer, and ionic intermediate film or any combination thereof.
  • the adhesive layer comprises an ionic intermediate film.
  • the adhesive layer may be used as a transparent layer and/or a light-absorbing layer in a light-absorbing substrate (described in more detail below) .
  • the polymeric layer comprises any one of polyester, polyacrylate, polycarbonate, polyurethane, polyamide, polyimide, photocrosslinked and/or photopolymerized resin, and polythiourethane or any combination thereof.
  • the polymeric layer may be used as a transparent layer and/or a light-absorbing layer in a light-absorbing substrate (detailed below) .
  • the switchable film may be a smart light-controlling film, which comprises a component with a dimming function, which may be, for example, a liquid crystal molecule, a photosensitizer, or the like.
  • a dark state switchable film (the switchable film is in a dark state) is used to achieve the effect of light absorption.
  • the switchable film comprises any one of a dye-doped polymer dispersed liquid crystal switchable film, a suspended particle switchable film, an electrochromic switchable film, and a guest-host liquid crystal switchable film or any combination thereof.
  • the switchable film is a guest-host liquid crystal switchable film.
  • the film substrate layer comprises any one of a glass film and a thermoplastic polymer film or any combination thereof.
  • the thermoplastic polymer film comprises any one of polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyimide and cyclo olefin polymer or any combination thereof.
  • the glass film has a thickness of about 25 ⁇ m to about 200 ⁇ m.
  • the thermoplastic polymer film has a thickness of about 0.15 mm to about 0.25 mm.
  • the film substrate layer may be used as a transparent layer and/or a light-absorbing layer in a light-absorbing substrate (described in more detail below) .
  • the light-absorbing substrate comprises two major surfaces.
  • one major surface of the light-absorbing substrate is textured and this major surface is in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer, and the texture of the contacting surface of the light-absorbing substrate with the semi-reflective layer is complementary to the texture of the second surface of the semi-reflective layer.
  • the other major surface of the light-absorbing substrate is smooth and non-rough, which faces away from the semi-reflective layer.
  • the light-absorbing substrate may be a single layer or multiple layers. When the light-absorbing substrate is a single layer, the single-layer light-absorbing substrate is a light-absorbing layer with a light-absorbing function. When the light-absorbing substrate is multiple layers, at least one layer of the light-absorbing substrate is a light-absorbing layer with a light-absorbing function.
  • Light-absorbing substrate 103 is in contact with textured Second surface 1022 of Semi-reflective layer 102, and the contacting surface of the light-absorbing substrate with the semi-reflective layer is textured, and the texture of the contacting surface is complementary to the texture of Second surface 1022 of Semi-reflective layer 102; and the major surface of Light-absorbing substrate 103 facing away from Semi-reflective layer 102 is smooth and non-rough.
  • the light-absorbing substrate comprises at least one light-absorbing layer, wherein one surface of one of the light-absorbing layer (s) is in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contacting surface of said one of the light-absorbing layer (s) is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second surface of the semi-reflective layer.
  • the light-absorbing substrate comprises at least one light-absorbing layer and at least one transparent layer, one surface of one of the light-absorbing layer (s) or one of the transparent layer (s) is in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contacting surface of said one of the light-absorbing layer (s) or said one of the transparent layer (s) is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second surface of the semi-reflective layer.
  • the “light-absorbing layer” refers to a layer having a certain light absorption property in the light-absorbing substrate, which is capable of absorbing a certain degree of visible light relative to the transparent layer.
  • the texture on the glass substrate may be achieved by a process such as acid etching, sand blasting, laser etching, etc.
  • the texture on the polymeric layer may be achieved by, for example, nanoimprint (e.g., UV nanoimprint, thermal nanoimprint, mold compression nanoimprint) or transfer print (e.g., UV transfer print) .
  • a first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer is a glass substrate, and a first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer or an adhesive layer; or a first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer, and a first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer or an adhesive layer or a glass substrate; or a first transparent layer of the transparent substrate in contact with the first surface of the semi-reflective layer is an adhesive layer, and a first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer or a glass substrate.
  • the light-absorbing substrate further comprises a second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer, which is in contact with the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate on a side of the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer, when the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate is a polymeric layer, the second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer is an adhesive layer, optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further comprises a glass substrate or a switchable film in contact with the adhesive layer on a side of the adhesive layer facing away from the polymeric layer; or the second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer is a film substrate layer, optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further comprises an adhesive layer in contact with the film substrate layer on a side of the film substrate layer facing away from the polymeric layer, further optionally, the light-absorbing substrate further comprises a glass substrate or a switchable film in contact with the adhesive layer on a side of the adhesive layer facing away from the film substrate layer; when the first transparent layer or
  • the light-absorbing substrate is a single-layer light-absorbing layer
  • a surface of the single-layer light-absorbing layer is in contact with a second surface of the semi-reflective layer
  • the contacting surface of the single-layer light-absorbing layer is textured and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second surface of the semi-reflective layer.
  • the single-layer light-absorbing layer is any one of a glass substrate and a polymeric layer.
  • the light-absorbing substrate comprises at least one light-absorbing layer, wherein one surface of one of the light-absorbing layer (s) is in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contacting surface of said one of the light-absorbing layer (s) is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second surface of the semi-reflective layer.
  • the at least one light-absorbing layer comprises any one of a glass substrate, a polymeric layer, an adhesive layer, a switchable film, and a film substrate layer or any combination thereof.
  • the light-absorbing substrate comprises at least one light-absorbing layer and at least one transparent layer, one surface of one of the light-absorbing layer (s) or one of the transparent layer (s) is in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer, the contacting surface of said one of the light-absorbing layer (s) or said one of the transparent layer (s) is textured, and the texture is complementary to the texture of the second surface of the semi-reflective layer.
  • the at least one light-absorbing layer or the at least one transparent layer comprises any one of a glass substrate, a polymeric layer, an adhesive layer, a switchable film, and a film substrate layer or any combination thereof.
  • the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a glass substrate.
  • the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer.
  • the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is an adhesive layer.
  • the light-absorbing substrate comprises at least two light-absorbing layers or transparent layers, wherein at least one of the at least two layers is a light-absorbing layer, and the transparent layer or light-absorbing layer in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer, and the light-absorbing substrate further comprises a second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer, which is in contact with the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate on a side of the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer, and when the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate is a polymeric layer, the second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer is an adhesive layer.
  • the light-absorbing substrate further comprises a glass substrate or a switchable film in contact with the adhesive layer on a side of the adhesive layer facing away from the polymeric layer.
  • the light-absorbing substrate comprises at least two light-absorbing layers or transparent layers, at least one of the at least two layers is a light-absorbing layer, and the transparent layer or light-absorbing layer in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer, the light-absorbing substrate further comprises a second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer, which is in contact with the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate on a side of the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer, and when the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate is a polymeric layer, the second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer is a film substrate layer.
  • the light-absorbing substrate further comprises an adhesive layer in contact with the film substrate layer on a side of the film substrate layer facing away from the polymeric layer.
  • the light-absorbing substrate further comprises a glass substrate or a switchable film in contact with the adhesive layer on a side of the adhesive layer facing away from the film substrate layer.
  • the light-absorbing substrate comprises at least two light-absorbing layers or transparent layers, at least one of the at least two layers is a light-absorbing layer, and the transparent layer or light-absorbing layer in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer, the light-absorbing substrate further comprises a second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer, which is in contact with the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate on a side of the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the semi-reflective layer, and when the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer of the light-absorbing substrate is an adhesive layer, the second light-absorbing layer or transparent layer is a glass substrate or a switchable film.
  • the light-absorbing substrate comprises or consists of single light-absorbing layer, which is in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer, and the single light-absorbing layer is a glass substrate or a polymeric layer.
  • the light-absorbing substrate comprises or consists of two light-absorbing layers or transparent layers and at least one of the two layers is a light-absorbing layer
  • the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is an adhesive layer
  • the second transparent layer or light-absorbing layer is a glass substrate or a switchable film which is in contact with the adhesive layer on a side of the adhesive layer facing away from the semi-reflective layer, that is, the adhesive layer is located between the glass substrate or the switchable film and the semi-reflective layer, and at least one of the adhesive layer and the glass substrate/switchable film is a light-absorbing layer.
  • the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer
  • the second transparent layer or light-absorbing layer is a film substrate layer, which is in contact with the polymeric layer on a side of the polymeric layer facing away from the semi-reflective layer, and at least one of the polymeric layer and the film substrate layer is a light-absorbing layer.
  • the light-absorbing substrate comprises or consists of three light-absorbing layers or transparent layers and at least one of the three layers is a light-absorbing layer, wherein the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer; the second transparent layer or light-absorbing layer is an adhesive layer which is in contact with the polymeric layer on a side of the polymeric layer facing away from the semi-reflective layer; and the third transparent layer or light-absorbing layer is a glass substrate or a switchable film which is in contact with the adhesive layer on a side of the adhesive layer facing away from the polymeric layer, and at least one of the polymeric layer, the adhesive layer and the glass substrate/switchable film is a light-absorbing layer.
  • the light-absorbing substrate comprises or consists of four light-absorbing layers or transparent layers and at least one of the four layers is a light-absorbing layer, wherein the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer; the second transparent layer or light-absorbing layer is a film substrate layer which is in contact with the polymeric layer on a side of the polymeric layer facing away from the semi-reflective layer; the third transparent layer or light-absorbing layer is an adhesive layer which is in contact with the film substrate layer on a side of the film substrate layer facing away from the polymeric layer; and the fourth transparent layer or light-absorbing layer is a glass substrate or a switchable film which is in contact with the adhesive layer on a side of the adhesive layer facing away from the film substrate layer, and at least one of the polymeric layer, the film substrate layer, the adhesive layer and the glass substrate/switchable film is a light-absorbing layer.
  • the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a first adhesive layer;
  • the second transparent layer or light-absorbing layer is a switchable film which is in contact with the first adhesive layer on a side of the first adhesive layer facing away from the semi-reflective layer;
  • the third transparent layer or light-absorbing layer is a second adhesive layer which is in contact with the switchable film on a side of the switchable film facing away from the first adhesive layer;
  • the fourth transparent layer or light-absorbing layer is a glass substrate which is in contact with the second adhesive layer on a side of the second adhesive layer facing away from the switchable film, and at least one of the first adhesive layer, the switchable film, the second adhesive layer and the glass substrate is a light-absorbing layer.
  • the light-absorbing substrate comprises or consists of five light-absorbing layers or transparent layers and at least one of the five layers is a light-absorbing layer, wherein the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer; the second transparent layer or light-absorbing layer is a first adhesive layer which is in contact with the polymeric layer on a side of the polymeric layer facing away from the semi-reflective layer; the third transparent layer or light-absorbing layer is a switchable film which is in contact with the first adhesive layer on a side of the first adhesive layer facing away from the polymeric layer; the fourth transparent layer or light-absorbing layer is a second adhesive layer which is in contact with the switchable film on a side of the switchable film facing away from the first adhesive layer; and the fifth transparent layer or light-absorbing layer is a glass substrate which is in contact with the second adhesive layer on a side of the second adhesive layer facing away from the switchable film, and at least one of the polymeric layer, the first adhesive layer, the first adhesive layer, the
  • the light-absorbing substrate comprises or consists of six light-absorbing layers or transparent layers and at least one of the six layers is a light-absorbing layer, wherein the first transparent layer or light-absorbing layer in contact with the second surface of the semi-reflective layer is a polymeric layer; the second transparent layer or light-absorbing layer is a film substrate layer which is in contact with the polymeric layer on a side of the polymeric layer facing away from the semi-reflective layer; the third transparent layer or light-absorbing layer is a first adhesive layer which is in contact with the film substrate layer on a side of the film substrate layer facing away from the polymeric layer; the fourth transparent layer or light-absorbing layer is a switchable film which is in contact with the first adhesive layer on a side of the first adhesive layer facing away from the film substrate layer; the fifth transparent layer or light-absorbing layer is a second adhesive layer which is in contact with the switchable film on a side of the switchable film facing away from the first adhesive layer; and the sixth transparent layer or light-absorbing layer is a glass substrate which
  • Transparent substrate 101 is in contact with First surface 1021 of Semi-reflective layer 102
  • Light-absorbing substrate 103 is in contact with Second surface 1022 of Semi-reflective layer 102
  • Light-absorbing substrate 103 has a refractive index close to or the same as that of Transparent substrate 101, which helps to make the composite assembly of the present disclosure have low haze, thereby meeting the requirement of low haze in some application scenarios.
  • the haze may be 10%or less, preferably 5%or less.
  • the low haze of the composite assembly can ensure a clear view through the composite assembly.
  • the transparent substrate and the light-absorbing substrate respectively comprise at least one layer, and any layer of the transparent substrate has a refractive index close to or the same as that of any layer of the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the absolute value of the refractive index difference between any layer of the light-absorbing substrate and any layer of the transparent substrate may be 0.05 or less, preferably 0.02 or less, more preferably 0.015 or less, such as 0.05 or less, 0.02 or less, 0.018 or less, 0.016 or less, 0.015 or less, 0.014 or less, 0.012 or less, 0.01 or less, 0.008 or less, 0.006 or less, 0.004 or less, 0.002 or less, and the like.
  • the composite assembly of the present disclosure comprises Polymeric layer 2031, Semi-reflective layer 2032, Polymeric layer 2033, and Film substrate layer 2034. Since a transparent substrate is located on one side of Semi-reflective layer 2032 and a light-absorbing substrate is located on the other side thereof, either of Polymeric layer 2031 AND Polymeric layer 2033, Film substrate layer 2034 is the transparent substrate, and the other is the light-absorbing substrate. For example, when Polymeric layer 2033 and Film substrate layer 2034 is the light-absorbing substrate, at least one of Polymeric layer 2033 and Film substrate layer 2034 is a light-absorbing layer.
  • the transparent substrate faces the external visible light source, i.e., the transparent substrate is closer to the external visible light source than the light-absorbing substrate, and the light-absorbing substrate faces towards the projection light when the composite assembly is used as a projection screen.
  • the composite assembly may consist of Polymeric layer 2031, Semi-reflective layer 2032, Polymeric layer 2033, and Film substrate layer 2034.
  • the stack structure shown in FIG. 3 may be adhered to Glass substrate 1101 by Adhesive layer 1102. That is, in this case, the composite assembly of the present disclosure comprises Glass substrate 1101, Adhesive layer 1102, and Stack structure 1103 as shown in FIG. 3.
  • Film substrate layer 2034 shown in FIG. 3 may be away from Adhesive layer 1102 relative to Polymeric layer 2031, and optionally, when Film substrate layer 2034 is a glass film, the glass film may be a tempered glass film, such as a chemically strengthened glass film.
  • a transparent substrate is located on one side of Semi-reflective layer 2032, and a light-absorbing substrate is located on the other side thereof. Details are not described herein again.
  • the composite assembly may consist of Glass substrate 1101, Adhesive layer 1102, and Stack structure 1103 as shown in FIG. 3.
  • the stack structure shown in FIG. 3 may be sandwiched between First glass substrate 1201 and Second glass substrate 1205 by First adhesive layer 1202 and Second adhesive layer 1204. That is, in this case, the composite assembly of the present disclosure comprises First glass substrate 1201, First adhesive layer 1202, Stack structure 1203 as shown in FIG. 3, Second adhesive layer 1204, and Second glass substrate 1205. Film substrate layer 2034 shown in FIG. 3 may be closer to First glass substrate 1201 or may also be closer to Second glass substrate 1205, relative to Polymeric layer 2031. Further, Film substrate layer 2034 and/or Polymeric layer 2031 shown in FIG. 3 may also be omitted from the composite assembly shown in FIG. 12.
  • a switchable film may also be inserted for example between the two glass substrates in FIG. 12 and details are not described herein again.
  • a transparent substrate is located on one side of Semi-reflective layer 2032, and a light-absorbing substrate is located on the other side thereof. Details are not described herein again.
  • the composite assembly may consist of First glass substrate 1201, First adhesive layer 1202, Stack structure 1203 as shown in FIG. 3, Second adhesive layer 1204, and Second glass substrate 1205.
  • the composite assembly of the present disclosure comprises Glass substrate 2035, Semi-reflective layer 2032, Adhesive layer 2036, and Glass substrate 2037. Since a transparent substrate is located on one side of Semi-reflective layer 2032, and a light-absorbing substrate is located on the other side thereof, either of Glass substrate 2035 AND Adhesive layer 2036, Glass substrate 2037 is the transparent substrate, and the other is the light-absorbing substrate. For example, when Adhesive layer 2036 and Glass substrate 2037 is the light-absorbing substrate, at least one of Adhesive layer 2036 and Glass substrate 2037 is a light-absorbing layer.
  • Glass substrate 2037 may be replaced with a switchable film, in which case Adhesive layer 2036 and Switchable film 2037 is the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the transparent substrate faces the external visible light source, i.e., the transparent substrate is closer to the external visible light source than the light-absorbing substrate, and the light-absorbing substrate faces towards the projection light when the composite assembly is used as a projection screen.
  • the composite assembly may consist of Glass substrate 2035, Semi-reflective layer 2032, Adhesive layer 2036, and Glass substrate 2037.
  • the composite assembly of the present disclosure comprises Glass substrate 1301, Adhesive layer 1303, Polymeric layer 1304, Semi-reflective layer 1302, and Glass substrate 1305.
  • Polymeric layer 1304 herein may play a role of planarization, and is therefore sometimes also referred to as a planarization layer. Since a transparent substrate is located on one side of Semi-reflective layer 1302, and a light-absorbing substrate is located on the other side thereof, either of Glass substrate 1301, Adhesive layer 1303, Polymeric layer 1304 AND Glass substrate 1305 is the transparent substrate, and the other is the light-absorbing substrate.
  • Glass substrate 1301, Adhesive layer 1303, and Polymeric layer 1304 is the light-absorbing substrate
  • at least one of Glass substrate 1301, Adhesive layer 1303, and Polymeric layer 1304 is a light-absorbing layer.
  • Glass substrate 1301 may be replaced with a switchable film, in which case Switchable film 1301, Adhesive layer 1303, and Polymeric layer 1304 is the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the transparent substrate faces the external visible light source, i.e., the transparent substrate is closer to the external visible light source than the light-absorbing substrate, and the light-absorbing substrate faces towards the projection light when the composite assembly is used as a projection screen.
  • the composite assembly may consist of Glass substrate 1301, Adhesive layer 1303, Polymeric layer 1304, Semi-reflective layer 1302, and Glass substrate 1305.
  • the composite assembly of the present disclosure comprises Glass substrate 1401, Adhesive layer 1403, Semi-reflective layer 1402, Polymeric layer 1404, Adhesive layer 1405, and Glass substrate 1406.
  • Adhesive layer 1405 may be an optical adhesive. Since a transparent substrate is located on one side of Semi-reflective layer 1402, and a light-absorbing substrate is located on the other side thereof, either of Glass substrate 1401, Adhesive layer 1403, AND Polymeric layer 1404, Adhesive layer 1405, Glass substrate 1406 is the transparent substrate, and the other is the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the transparent substrate faces the external visible light source, i.e., the transparent substrate is closer to the external visible light source than the light-absorbing substrate, and the light-absorbing substrate faces towards the projection light when the composite assembly is used as a projection screen.
  • the composite assembly may consist of Glass substrate 1401, Adhesive layer 1403, Semi-reflective layer 1402, Polymeric layer 1404, Adhesive layer 1405, and Glass substrate 1406.
  • the composite assembly of the present disclosure comprises a textured semi-reflective layer, which has a high level of diffuse reflection for both visible light and near-infrared light, and comprises a transparent substrate with high transparency and a light-absorbing substrate with light absorption, so that the composite assembly of the present disclosure achieves excellent thermal comfort control effect and projection display effect.
  • FIG. 5a and FIG. 5b illustrate an exemplary embodiment of a composite assembly of the present disclosure, wherein the composite assembly comprises Transparent substrate 301, Semi-reflective layer 302, and Light-absorbing substrate 303.
  • Visible light 300 may enter the transparent substrate from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate, and sequentially pass through Transparent substrate 301, Semi-reflective layer 302 and Light-absorbing substrate 303.
  • the composite assembly achieves excellent thermal comfort control effect by reflection, transmission and absorption of the incident light.
  • the composite assembly has a transmittance TL for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • R1 represents the reflectance of the interface between the outside (e.g., air) and the transparent substrate for visible light
  • A1 represents the absorbance of the transparent substrate for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • T2 (100%-R2 -A2)
  • R2 represents the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the reflection of visible light by the semi-reflective layer is diffuse reflection
  • A2 represents the absorbance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate passes through the light-absorbing substrate, visible light is reflected, absorbed and transmitted by the light-absorbing substrate. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 5b, visible light is first absorbed by the light-absorbing substrate and then reflected at the interface between the light-absorbing substrate and the outside (for example, air) .
  • T3 (100%-R3) * (100%-A3)
  • R3 represents the reflectance of the light-absorbing substrate for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate (that is, the reflectance of the light-absorbing substrate for the incident visible light) .
  • R3 represents the reflectance of the interface between the light-absorbing substrate and the outside (for example, air) for visible light
  • A3 represents the absorbance of the light-absorbing substrate for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate (that is, the absorbance of the light-absorbing substrate for the incident visible light) .
  • the transmittance TL of the composite assembly for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate may be expressed as a relationship in Formula II.
  • TL (100%-R1) * (100%-A1) * (100%-R2 -A2) * (100%-R3) * (100%-A3)
  • the transmittance TL is from about 0.5%to about 10%, preferably from about 0.5%to about 2.5% (considering all-weather projection display, which will be described below in detail) .
  • Such transmittance range is set to achieve functions such as privacy function, visibility to the outside function, and reducing interference of external ambient light on projection display.
  • the present disclosure inventively adopts a composite assembly design comprising a transparent substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a light-absorbing substrate, which is capable of reflecting, absorbing, and transmitting visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate multiple times.
  • the semi-reflective layer of the composite assembly diffusely reflects visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate with high diffuse reflectance.
  • this causes most of visible light to be diffusely reflected while a small amount transmits through the semi-reflective layer, effectively controlling the ambient temperature on the light-absorbing substrate side and helping achieve thermal comfort control effect.
  • the transparent substrate is highly transparent to visible light and rarely absorbs visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate, which can ensure that visible light effectively reaches the semi-reflective layer and is highly diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer.
  • the transparent substrate also has very low light absorption for visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer, thereby avoiding the secondary emission problem caused by absorption of visible light in the prior art, making full use of the function of the semi-reflective layer, thereby achieving the thermal comfort control effect of the composite assembly.
  • the light-absorbing substrate may be combined with the semi-reflective layer to achieve the target transmittance TL of the composite assembly for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate, without affecting the thermal comfort performance.
  • the light-absorbing substrate may absorb appropriately visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate (including visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer in this visible light) , thereby achieving appropriate projection display brightness on the light-absorbing substrate side and avoiding potential light pollution.
  • the composite assembly When light enters the composite assembly of the present disclosure from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate, the composite assembly has a high diffuse reflectance for visible light, and also has a high diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light.
  • the diffuse reflectance of the composite assembly for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate is SCE2, wherein, in combination with the depiction in FIG. 5b, after Visible light 300 incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate enters Transparent substrate 301, visible light will be reflected, absorbed and transmitted by the transparent substrate.
  • the transmittance of the transparent substrate for visible light after diffuse reflection by the semi-reflective layer is (100%-R1) * (100%-A1) , for simplification, here it can be considered that the reflectance of visible light at the interface between the outside and the transparent substrate is the same as the reflectance of visible light at the interface between the transparent substrate and the outside, both of which are R1) . Therefore, the diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite assembly for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate satisfies the relationship in Formula III.
  • a suitable diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite assembly for visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate helps to make the composite assembly of the present disclosure achieve excellent thermal comfort control effect.
  • the diffuse reflectance SCE2 is from about 40%to about 90%.
  • Such diffuse reflectance range is set to indicate that the composite assembly has a relatively high diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate, which helps to make the composite assembly of the present disclosure achieve excellent thermal comfort control effect.
  • the semi-reflective layer of the composite assembly diffusely reflects visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate at a high diffuse reflectance;
  • the transparent substrate is highly transparent to visible light, and rarely absorbs visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate, which can ensure that visible light effectively reaches the semi-reflective layer, thereby enabling the semi-reflective layer to achieve diffuse reflection of the visible light with a high diffuse reflectance.
  • the transparent substrate in combination with diffuse reflection of the semi-reflective layer for visible light with a high diffuse reflectance enables the composite assembly of the present disclosure to have a relatively high diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate, thereby helping to achieve thermal comfort control effect.
  • most of near-infrared light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate can pass through the transparent substrate and reach the semi-reflective layer, and the semi-reflective layer has a high diffuse reflectance (greater than or equal to 55%) for the near-infrared light, which makes the composite assembly have a diffuse reflectance of about 55%to about 95%for the near-infrared light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • Such diffuse reflectance range for near-infrared light is set to indicate that the composite assembly has a relatively high diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate, which also helps to make the composite assembly of the present disclosure achieve excellent thermal comfort control effect. Further, the composite assembly has a solar direct reflectance (RDS) of about 55%or more for diffuse reflection of sunlight incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • RDS solar direct reflectance
  • FIG. 6a shows a schematic diagram of Visible light 304 incident from a side of Light-absorbing substrate 303 facing away from Transparent substrate 301 being diffusely reflected by the composite assembly of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6b shows a schematic diagram of visible light incident from a side of Light-absorbing substrate 303 facing away from Transparent substrate 301 being reflected (including diffusely reflected) , transmitted and absorbed by Light-absorbing substrate 303 and Semi-reflective layer 302.
  • the composite assembly has a diffuse reflectance SCE1 for visible light incident from the side of Light-absorbing substrate 303 facing away from Transparent substrate 301, wherein after visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate enters Light-absorbing substrate 303, visible light transmitted through Light-absorbing substrate 303 (the transmittance of the light-absorbing substrate for visible light is T3) reaches Semi-reflective layer 302, and is further diffusely reflected by Semi-reflective layer 302 (in this case, the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate is R4) .
  • T3 (100%-R3) * (100%-A3)
  • R3 represents the reflectance of the light-absorbing substrate for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate.
  • R3 represents the reflectance of the interface between the outside (e.g., air) and the light-absorbing substrate for visible light
  • A3 represents the absorbance of the light-absorbing substrate for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate.
  • A3 is greater than 16%. In another embodiment, A3 is less than 67%. In yet another embodiment, A3 is greater than 16%and less than 67%.
  • R5 represents the reflectance of the interface between the light-absorbing substrate and the outside (for example, air) for visible light
  • the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite assembly for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate satisfies the relationship in Formula V, which is also the relationship in Formula V′.
  • SCE1 (100%-R3) * (100%-A3) *R4 * (100%-R3) * (100%-A3)
  • the diffuse reflectance SCE1 is from about 10%to about 25%. Such diffuse reflectance range is set to balance projection display effect and light pollution control.
  • the inventors of the present disclosure unexpectedly found that, in the composite assembly of the present disclosure, for realizing excellent thermal comfort control effect and projection display effect of the composite assembly, the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite assembly for visible light incident from a side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate is a key technical parameter.
  • the composite assembly of the present disclosure adopts a design comprising a transparent substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a light-absorbing substrate, wherein the absorbance of the light-absorbing substrate for visible light incident from a side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate (comprising the visible light entering the light-absorbing substrate for the first time and re-entering the light-absorbing substrate after being diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer) can significantly affect the diffuse reflectance of the composite assembly for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate.
  • the light-absorbing substrate of the present disclosure is made of a suitable material, which has suitable transmittance, reflectance and absorbance for visible light from different directions, especially having a suitable absorbance, so that the composite assembly has a suitable diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from a side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate.
  • the semi-reflective layer has strong diffuse reflection for visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate, and even with the asymmetric stack design mentioned above, the semi-reflective layer still has strong diffuse reflection on its side facing towards the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the light absorption property of the light-absorbing substrate can be beneficial to control the diffuse reflection on the side of light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate, thereby achieving proper projection display brightness and avoiding potential light pollution.
  • the composite assembly has a total solar transmittance of about 10%or less for sunlight incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the composite assembly of the present disclosure has a low total solar transmittance (about 10%or less) and a high diffuse reflectance (about 55%or more) for sunlight incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate, which helps to achieve excellent thermal comfort effect for the composite assembly of the present disclosure, and can ensure a suitable ambient temperature on the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate.
  • the transparent substrate of the composite assembly is on a side facing towards sunlight, and the light-absorbing substrate of the composite assembly is on a side facing away from sunlight. That is, the transparent substrate is closer to sunlight than the light-absorbing substrate.
  • a composite assembly may be used in a vehicle where the transparent substrate of the composite assembly is on the side facing towards the exterior of the vehicle (i.e., the side facing towards sunlight incident from the outside of the vehicle) , while the light-absorbing substrate of the composite assembly is on the side facing towards the interior of the vehicle (i.e., the side facing towards visible light incident from the inside of the vehicle) .
  • the composite assembly of the present disclosure is used in a vehicle, sunlight from the outside of the vehicle can pass through the transparent substrate, the semi-reflective layer and the light-absorbing substrate, and in particular, visible light in sunlight undergoes the above reflection (mainly diffuse reflection) , transmission and absorption, so that the composite assembly of the present disclosure achieves excellent thermal comfort control effect.
  • the light from the projection device inside the vehicle may also undergo the above reflection (mainly diffuse reflection) , transmission and absorption, so that the composite assembly of the present disclosure achieves excellent projection display effect.
  • the composite assembly of the present disclosure when used as a vehicle window, the composite assembly may also have a specular transmission to visible light (for example, the composite assembly has smooth surfaces, a relatively low absolute value of refractive index difference between layers on two sides of the semi-reflective layer, and a textured first surface of the semi-reflective layer is parallel to the textured second surface (further preferably, each of the textured contacting surfaces of each layer in the semi-reflective layer in the form of a multilayer stack with its adjacent layers is parallel to one another) , to achieve desired specular transmission function.
  • the use of the composite assembly of the present disclosure in the skylight of the vehicle is particularly advantageous because large-sized skylights and their application scenarios are more conducive to the composite assembly to achieve its excellent thermal comfort control effect and projection display effect.
  • the diffuse reflection of the composite assembly for visible light incident from a side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate and the transmission of the composite assembly for visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate are comprehensively considered, so as to comprehensively optimize the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from a side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate and the transmittance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the inventor obtains the relationship in Formula VI, wherein the relationship in Formula VI-a can be obtained by combining Formula II with Formula V; and Formula VI-a can be further adjusted (adjustment of the mathematical relationship formula) to obtain the relationships in Formula VI-b and Formula VI.
  • the transparent substrate has a reflectance R1 of about 3.8%to about 4.5%, preferably about 4%to about 4.2%, more preferably about 4%, for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the transparent substrate has an absorbance of about 0.5%to about 1.5%, preferably about 0.8%to about 1.2%, more preferably about 1%, for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • R1 may be regarded as 4%
  • A1 may be regarded as 1%.
  • the relationship in Formula VI above can be further expressed as a relationship in Formula VII.
  • the composite assembly has a diffuse reflectance SCE1 of about 10%to about 25%for visible light incident from a side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate.
  • a diffuse reflectance SCE1 of about 10%to about 25%for visible light incident from a side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate.
  • the composite assembly has a transmittance of about 0.5%to about 10%, preferably about 0.5%to about 2.5%, for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • Such transmittance range is set to achieve functions such as privacy function, visibility to the outside function, and reducing interference of external ambient light on projection display.
  • a composite assembly may be used in a vehicle where the transparent substrate of the composite assembly is on the side facing towards the exterior of the vehicle (i.e., the side facing towards sunlight from the outside of the vehicle) , while the light-absorbing substrate of the composite assembly is on the side facing towards the interior of the vehicle (i.e., the side facing towards visible light from the inside of the vehicle) .
  • the composite assembly has a transmittance TL of about 0.5%to about 10%for visible light in incident sunlight from the outside of the vehicle.
  • the composite assembly has a transmittance TL of about 0.5%to 2.5%for visible light in incident sunlight from the outside of the vehicle, in order to meet the operational requirements of all-weather projection display.
  • TL transmittance TL of about 0.5%to 2.5%for visible light in incident sunlight from the outside of the vehicle
  • the composite assembly in order to balance the projection display effect and light pollution control of the composite assembly, the composite assembly has a diffuse reflectance SCE1 of about 10%to about 25%for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate. Therefore, based on the above application scenario, the reflection and the transmission of the composite assembly for visible light further satisfy the following relationship.
  • the reflection and the transmission of the composite assembly for visible light satisfy the following relationship.
  • the reflection and the transmission of the composite assembly for visible light satisfy the following relationship.
  • the reflection and the transmission of the composite assembly for visible light satisfy the following relationship.
  • the composite assembly of the present disclosure satisfies the above relationship, the composite assembly can achieve balanced projection display effect and light pollution control, and can achieve privacy function, visibility to the outside function and reduce interference of external ambient light on projection display, which are unattainable technical effects of the composite assembly in the prior art.
  • the diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite assembly for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate affects the thermal comfort control effect of the composite assembly.
  • the composite assembly has a diffuse reflectance SCE2 of about 40%to about 90%for visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • a diffuse reflectance SCE2 of about 40%to about 90%for visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • Such diffuse reflectance range is set to indicate that the composite assembly has a relatively high diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate, which helps to make the composite assembly of the present disclosure achieve excellent thermal comfort control effect.
  • suitable transmittance and diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light are beneficial to make the composite assembly of the present disclosure achieve excellent thermal comfort control effect and projection display effect.
  • the semi-reflective layer in the composite assembly of the present disclosure may satisfy the following relationship.
  • the diffuse reflectance R2 of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate is greater than the diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite assembly for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate, i.e., R2>SCE2 (Formula IX) .
  • the diffuse reflectance SCE2 of the composite assembly for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate is about 40%to about 90%.
  • R2>SCE2 40% ⁇ 90%, which indicates that the semi-reflective layer of the composite assembly needs to have a high diffuse reflection for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the transmittance T2 of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate is greater than the transmittance TL of the composite assembly for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate, i.e., T2>TL (Formula X) .
  • T2>TL 0.5% ⁇ 10%.
  • the diffuse reflectance R4 of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate is greater than the diffuse reflectance SCE1 of the composite assembly for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate, i.e., R4>SCE1 (Formula XI) .
  • the diffuse reflectance R2 of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate may be different from the diffuse reflectance R4 of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate
  • the semi-reflective layer nevertheless has a high diffuse reflectance for visible light in a laminated state, which indicates that the semi-reflective layer requires a metal layer or metal alloy layer with high diffuse reflectance for visible light, such as an aluminum metal layer or a silver metal layer. Therefore, an aluminum single layer or a silver single layer in a laminated state is first investigated to find the case that matches all constraints, serving as the basis for the design of the semi-reflective layer.
  • the semi-reflective layer may be a metal layer, wherein the metal layer is a single-layer aluminum in a laminated state to form a semi-reflective single-layer metal layer. Since the semi-reflective layer is a single-layer metal layer and as described above, the media on the two sides of the semi-reflective layer have close or identical refractive indices, it can be considered that the diffuse reflectance R2 of the semi-reflective layer (i.e., single-layer metal layer) for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate is equal to the diffuse reflectance R4 of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate.
  • the diffuse reflectance and the transmittance of the laminated single-layer aluminum for visible light meet the requirements for the full-weather projection display, that is, the diffuse reflectance and the transmittance of the laminated single-layer aluminum for visible light satisfy the relationships in Formula VIII′′and Formula VIII′′′, and furthermore, also satisfy the relationships in Formulas IX-XI.
  • TTS total solar transmittance
  • *AE represents the absorbance of a semi-reflective layer (i.e., laminated single-layer aluminum) to ultraviolet-visible-near infrared light
  • RE represents the reflectance of a semi-reflective layer (i.e., laminated single-layer aluminum) to ultraviolet-visible-near infrared light.
  • TE represents the transmittance of a semi-reflective layer (i.e., laminated single-layer aluminum) to ultraviolet-visible-near infrared light.
  • TTS represents the total solar transmittance of a semi-reflective layer (i.e., laminated single-layer aluminum)
  • the laminated single-layer aluminum when the thickness of the laminated single-layer aluminum is 20 nm or more, the laminated single-layer aluminum itself can already have a total solar transmittance lower than 10%, which also indicates that the total solar transmittance of the corresponding entire composite assembly will only be lower, which helps to make the composite assembly of the present disclosure achieve excellent thermal comfort control effect.
  • a dielectric layer may be introduced into the semi-reflective layer, that is, in this case, in addition to the laminated single-layer aluminum described above, the semi-reflective layer further comprises a dielectric layer, so that a diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light is different from a diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for near-infrared light.
  • a relatively thick aluminum stacked semi-reflective layer that is, the above-mentioned semi-reflective layer including laminated single-layer aluminum and dielectric layer
  • to have a similar diffuse reflectance for visible light as that of a thinner laminated single-layer aluminum while maintaining a relatively high diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light.
  • the corresponding aluminum stacked semi-reflective layer since the corresponding aluminum stacked semi-reflective layer has a lower total solar transmittance, it can effectively control the light energy and achieve excellent thermal comfort control effect.
  • the total solar transmittance TTS of such aluminum stacked semi-reflective layer can be between the total solar transmittance 9.6%of the laminated single-layer aluminum with a thickness of 20 nm and the total solar transmittance 6.77%of the laminated single-layer aluminum with a thickness of 25 nm.
  • Aluminum is a cheap and readily available material that can effectively save cost.
  • Aluminum has a lower melting point (660°C) .
  • 660°C melting point
  • aluminum may be suitable for being coated on a surface of a textured polymeric layer or on a surface of a textured glass that does not need to be subjected to thermal bending.
  • the semi-reflective layer may be a metal layer, wherein the metal layer is a single-layer silver in a laminated state to form a semi-reflective single-layer metal layer.
  • the semi-reflective layer is a single-layer metal layer and as described above, the media on the two sides of the semi-reflective layer have close or identical refractive indices, it can be considered that the diffuse reflectance R2 of the semi-reflective layer (i.e., single-layer metal layer) for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate is equal to the diffuse reflectance R4 of the semi-reflective layer for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate.
  • the obtained composite assembly can satisfy the corresponding optical parameter range, and the corresponding composite assembly can achieve excellent thermal comfort control effect and projection display effect.
  • the semi-reflective layer including a single-layer silver to improve the durability of the composite assembly, provide it with a colorful and aesthetic appearance, enable the semi-reflective layer to have an asymmetric stack design, and make the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light different from that for near-infrared light to achieve a better thermal comfort control effect, and the like.
  • both aluminum and silver can be used as the substantially reflective layer of the semi-reflective layer in the composite assembly of the present disclosure.
  • other materials for example, other metal or dielectric materials
  • the semi-reflective stack layer may be further introduced to form the semi-reflective stack layer, thereby bringing more desired functions for the composite assembly of the present disclosure, such as excellent projection display effect, thermal comfort control effect, excellent privacy effect, aesthetic appearance, enabling the semi-reflective layer to have an asymmetric stack design, making the diffuse reflectance of the semi-reflective layer for visible light different from its diffuse reflectance for near-infrared light to achieve a better thermal comfort control effect, etc.
  • the aluminum is cheap and readily available, so the cost of the composite assembly is low when aluminum is used as the material for the metal layer of the semi-reflective layer.
  • FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 illustrate two exemplary designs of semi-reflective stack layers using aluminum.
  • the semi-reflective layer comprises Aluminum metal layer 704 (e.g., a thickness of 20 nm) , and SiOx (silicon oxide) as Dielectric layer 702 (e.g., a thickness of 20 nm) and Dielectric layer 705 (e.g., a thickness of 20 nm) , and further comprises a nickel-chromium alloy as Blocking layer 703 (e.g., a thickness of less than 1 nm) .
  • Aluminum metal layer 704 e.g., a thickness of 20 nm
  • SiOx silicon oxide
  • Dielectric layer 702 e.g., a thickness of 20 nm
  • Dielectric layer 705 e.g., a thickness of 20 nm
  • Blocking layer 703 e.g., a thickness of less than 1 nm
  • FIG. 7 also shows Polymeric layer 701 and Polymeric layer 706; a surface of Polymeric layer 706 facing towards the dielectric layer 705 is a textured surface; Dielectric layer 705 is formed on said textured surface.
  • Polymeric layer 701 may face towards the outside of a vehicle, and Polymeric layer 706 may face towards the inside of a vehicle.
  • FIG. 7 shows Polymeric layer 701 and Polymeric layer 706; a surface of Polymeric layer 706 facing towards the dielectric layer 705 is a textured surface; Dielectric layer 705 is formed on said textured surface.
  • Polymeric layer 701 may face towards the outside of a vehicle, and Polymeric layer 706 may face towards the inside of a vehicle.
  • the semi-reflective layer comprises Aluminum metal layer 807 (e.g., a thickness of 20 nm) , and SiOx as Dielectric layer 802 (e.g., a thickness of 20 nm) and Dielectric layer 808 (e.g., a thickness of 20 nm) , TiOx (titanium oxide) as Dielectric layer 805 (e.g., a thickness of 60 nm) , nickel-chromium alloy as Blocking layer 803 (e.g., a thickness of less than 1 nm) and Blocking layer 806 (e.g., a thickness of less than 1 nm) , and further comprises copper as Absorption adjustment layer 804 (e.g., a thickness of 5 nm) , where the semi-reflective layer adopts an asymmetric design.
  • Absorption adjustment layer 804 e.g., a thickness of 5 nm
  • FIG. 8 also shows Polymeric layer 801 and Polymeric layer 809; a surface of Polymeric layer 809 facing towards Dielectric layer 808 is a textured surface; Dielectric layer 800 is formed on said textured surface.
  • Polymeric layer 801 may face towards the outside of a vehicle, and Polymeric layer 809 may face towards the inside of a vehicle.
  • Both reflection and transmission are neutral.
  • the reflection is chromatic, and the transmission is neutral. That is, the design shown in FIG. 8 uses the asymmetric design of the reflective layer to achieve different reflective colors on the two sides, while the transmission on both sides is neutral.
  • the composite assembly of the present disclosure comprises a transparent substrate, a semi-reflective layer, and a light-absorbing substrate, wherein the semi-reflective layer has a textured surface.
  • a transparent substrate a transparent substrate
  • a semi-reflective layer a semi-reflective layer
  • a light-absorbing substrate wherein the semi-reflective layer has a textured surface.
  • Such a design facilitates the composite assembly of the present disclosure to achieve suitable diffuse reflectance for visible light incident from the two sides of the semi-reflective layer and a suitable transmittance for visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the transparent substrate of the composite assembly is highly transparent to visible light, which can transmit most of visible light. Therefore, most of visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate can transmit through the transparent substrate, while the semi-reflective layer with a textured surface has a high diffuse reflectance for visible light that transmits through the transparent substrate and reaches the semi-reflective layer.
  • the above design enables the composite assembly of the present disclosure to have a high diffuse reflectance (about 40%to about 90%) for visible light incident from a side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate, which helps achieving good thermal comfort on the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate.
  • the composite assembly can effectively avoid optical pollution while achieving the above high diffuse reflectance.
  • visible light transmitted through the semi-reflective layer is further absorbed by the light-absorbing substrate, so that the composite assembly has a lower transmittance for visible light incident from the side of the transparent substrate facing away from the light-absorbing substrate, e.g., only about 0.5%to about 10%.
  • the relatively low visible light transmittance helps to make the composite assembly of the present disclosure achieve, for example, privacy function, and reduce interference of external ambient light on projection display on the side of the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the light-absorbing substrate of the composite assembly is capable of absorbing a certain degree of visible light, so it can properly absorb visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate (including absorbing visible light diffusely reflected by the semi-reflective layer) , and thus the composite assembly has a suitable diffuse reflectance (about 10%to about 25%) for visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate.
  • a suitable diffuse reflectance about 10%to about 25%
  • Such a design helps to control the diffuse reflection intensity of visible light incident from the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate, thereby helping to achieve a suitable projection display brightness on the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate, and avoiding potential light pollution on the side of the light-absorbing substrate facing away from the transparent substrate.
  • At least one layer of one of a light-absorbing substrate and a transparent substrate is provided.
  • One surface of one layer of the at least one layer of the one of the light-absorbing substrate and the transparent substrate is formed into a textured surface and a semi-reflective layer is formed on the textured surface.
  • At least one layer of the other one of the light-absorbing substrate and the transparent substrate is formed on a surface of the semi-reflective layer facing away from the one layer of the at least one layer of the one of the light-absorbing substrate and the transparent substrate, to obtain at least a portion of the composite assembly.
  • other layers of the light-absorbing substrate and the transparent substrate are further provided to obtain the composite assembly.
  • the one layer of the at least one layer of the one of the light-absorbing substrate and the transparent substrate is a polymeric layer or a glass substrate.
  • At least one layer of a light-absorbing substrate is provided, one surface of one layer of the at least one layer of the light-absorbing substrate is formed into a textured surface and a semi-reflective layer is formed on the textured surface, at least one layer of a transparent substrate is formed on a surface of the semi-reflective layer facing away from the one layer of the at least one layer of the light-absorbing substrate, to obtain at least a portion of the composite assembly, optionally, other layers of the light-absorbing substrate and the transparent substrate are further provided to obtain the composite assembly.
  • the one layer of the at least one layer of the light-absorbing substrate is a polymeric layer or a glass substrate.
  • the texture of the contacting surface of the semi-reflective layer in contact with the light-absorbing substrate is complementary to the texture of the textured surface of the one layer of the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the one layer of the light-absorbing substrate may be processed by a corresponding process to form a textured surface on one surface of the one layer of the light-absorbing substrate.
  • the texture may be obtained by a process such as acid etching, sand blasting, laser etching, etc.
  • a pre-designed texture may be formed on one surface of the polymeric layer by, e.g., imprint, so as to obtain a textured surface of the polymeric layer.
  • the texture may be obtained using nanoimprint having advantages such as high efficiency, high resolution, etc., and the nanoimprint technology applicable herein comprises, but is not limited to, UV nanoimprint, thermal nanoimprint, mold compression nanoimprint, and the like.
  • a textured surface may also be formed on one surface of the polymeric layer by a transfer print technology, such as UV transfer print. Further, the use of a texture printer with a roll to roll function can effectively improve the manufacturing efficiency.
  • At least one layer of a transparent substrate is provided, one surface of one layer of the at least one layer of the transparent substrate is formed into a textured surface and a semi-reflective layer is formed on the textured surface, at least one layer of a light-absorbing substrate is formed on a surface of the semi-reflective layer facing away from the one layer of the at least one layer of the transparent substrate, to obtain at least a portion of the composite assembly, optionally, other layers of the light-absorbing substrate and the transparent substrate are further provided to obtain the composite assembly.
  • the one layer of the at least one layer of the transparent substrate is a polymeric layer or a glass substrate.
  • the texture of the contacting surface of the semi-reflective layer in contact with the transparent substrate is complementary to the texture of the textured surface of the one layer of the transparent substrate.
  • the textured surface may be formed on the surface of the one layer of the transparent substrate by the same method.
  • the one layer of the transparent substrate may be processed by a corresponding process to form a textured surface on one surface of the one layer of the transparent substrate.
  • the texture may be obtained by a process such as acid etching, sand blasting, laser etching, etc.
  • a pre-designed texture may be formed on one surface of the polymeric layer by, e.g., imprint, so as to obtain a textured surface of the polymeric layer.
  • the texture may be obtained using nanoimprint having advantages such as high efficiency, high resolution, etc., and the nanoimprint technology applicable herein comprises, but is not limited to, UV nanoimprint, thermal nanoimprint, mold compression nanoimprint, and the like.
  • a textured surface may also be formed on one surface of the polymeric layer by a transfer print technology, such as UV transfer print. Further, the use of a texture printer with a roll to roll function can effectively improve the manufacturing efficiency.
  • the one layer is a polymeric layer
  • a textured surface is formed on one surface of the polymeric layer
  • a semi-reflective layer is formed on the textured surface
  • another polymeric layer in contact with the semi-reflective layer may be prepared by wet coating, including but not limited to slit coating, curtain coating, blade coating, roller coating, spray coating, spin coating, screen printing, and the like.
  • a raw material (which may be a material having suitable fluidity) for forming the another polymeric layer may be applied onto the semi-reflective layer, and the raw material can sufficiently fill the textured surface of the semi-reflective layer by its fluidity, and then the another polymeric layer may be formed by curing, so that one smooth surface of the another polymeric layer may be formed.
  • the curing method is not particularly limited in the present disclosure, and the curing method commonly used in the field may be selected according to the properties of the specifically used polymeric layer, e.g., thermal curing, UV light curing, electron beam curing, etc. There is almost no mass loss before and after the completion of UV light curing.
  • Forming a polymeric layer by UV light curing generates a relatively low stress for, e.g., the glass film.
  • UV light curing can be performed at room temperature. Based on the above characteristics of UV light curing, the formation of the polymeric layer by UV light curing does not cause obvious internal stress of, e.g., the glass film, so that the glass film is less likely to be damaged in the subsequent lamination process, which also facilitates mass production.
  • the contacting surface of the semi-reflective layer in contact with the transparent substrate i.e., the textured first surface of the semi-reflective layer
  • the textured surfaces being parallel means that the textures are parallel to each other.
  • each of the textured contacting surfaces in the composite assembly is parallel to one another.
  • the semi-reflective layer can be formed by, e.g., physical vapor deposition, preferably by cathode sputtering deposition.
  • the cathode sputtering especially the magnetic field enhanced cathode sputtering, can ensure that the textured first surface of the semi-reflective layer and the textured second surface are parallel to each other, thereby ensuring the parallelism of each textured contacting surface in the semi-reflective layer.
  • the present disclosure is related to a window assembly comprising the composite assembly of the present disclosure.
  • the window assembly comprises a door, a window, a curtain wall, a vehicle window glass, an airplane glass or a ship glass.
  • the window assembly is a vehicle window glass
  • the vehicle window glass comprises a rear windshield, a skylight glass, a vehicle door glass or a corner window glass.
  • the vehicle window glass is a skylight glass.
  • the transparent substrate faces towards the outside of a vehicle and the light-absorbing substrate faces towards the inside of the vehicle.
  • the vehicle window glass has specular transmission to visible light.
  • the transparent substrate in the window assembly faces towards the sunlight source, and the light-absorbing substrate in the window assembly faces away from the sunlight source.
  • the present disclosure relates to a vehicle comprising the window assembly of the present disclosure, further comprising a projection device, wherein a projection light of the projection device faces towards the light-absorbing substrate of the window assembly for forming a projection image on a side of the semi-reflective layer facing towards the light-absorbing substrate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)

Abstract

La présente divulgation concerne un ensemble composite comprenant : un substrat transparent, une couche semi-réfléchissante et un substrat absorbant la lumière ; la couche semi-réfléchissante étant située entre le substrat transparent et le substrat absorbant la lumière, la couche semi-réfléchissante ayant une première surface texturée et une seconde surface texturée, le substrat transparent étant en contact avec la première surface de la couche semi-réfléchissante, la surface de contact du substrat transparent étant texturée, et la texture étant complémentaire de la texture de la première surface de la couche semi-réfléchissante ; et le substrat absorbant la lumière étant en contact avec la seconde surface de la couche semi-réfléchissante, la surface de contact du substrat absorbant la lumière étant texturée, et la texture étant complémentaire de la texture de la seconde surface de la couche semi-réfléchissante ; le substrat transparent étant plus proche d'une source de lumière visible externe que le substrat absorbant la lumière.
PCT/CN2025/090802 2024-04-24 2025-04-24 Ensemble composite, son procédé de préparation et ensemble fenêtre le comprenant Pending WO2025223491A1 (fr)

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CN202410501614.1 2024-04-24
CN202410501614.1A CN119928360A (zh) 2024-04-24 2024-04-24 一种复合组件、其制备方法及包含其的窗体总成

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102193123A (zh) * 2010-03-02 2011-09-21 索尼公司 光学体、光学体制造方法、窗构件以及光学体贴附方法
JP2017156696A (ja) * 2016-03-04 2017-09-07 大日本印刷株式会社 反射スクリーン、映像表示装置
CN112334831A (zh) * 2018-07-20 2021-02-05 大日本印刷株式会社 反射屏幕和影像显示装置
CN115246303A (zh) * 2021-10-15 2022-10-28 法国圣戈班玻璃公司 玻璃组件及窗体总成
JP2023046253A (ja) * 2021-09-22 2023-04-03 Ａｇｃ株式会社 映像表示システムおよび車両

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102193123A (zh) * 2010-03-02 2011-09-21 索尼公司 光学体、光学体制造方法、窗构件以及光学体贴附方法
JP2017156696A (ja) * 2016-03-04 2017-09-07 大日本印刷株式会社 反射スクリーン、映像表示装置
CN112334831A (zh) * 2018-07-20 2021-02-05 大日本印刷株式会社 反射屏幕和影像显示装置
JP2023046253A (ja) * 2021-09-22 2023-04-03 Ａｇｃ株式会社 映像表示システムおよび車両
CN115246303A (zh) * 2021-10-15 2022-10-28 法国圣戈班玻璃公司 玻璃组件及窗体总成

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