WO2025222829A1 - Communication methods and related apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed in the present application are communication methods and a related device. A communication method is executed by a first communication apparatus, and the method comprises: acquiring first information or receiving the first information from a second communication apparatus, wherein the first information is used for indicating a first ratio between energy per resource element (EPRE) of a pilot signal on which a first symbol is located and EPRE of data on which the first symbol is located, or the first information is used for indicating the first ratio and a second ratio between the EPRE of the data on which the first symbol is located and EPRE of data on which a second symbol is located, and the data is subjected to single-carrier modulation; and on the basis of the first information, sending the pilot signal and the data to the second communication apparatus, so that the flexible adjustment of the PAPR of signals can be realized.

Description

A communication method and related apparatus

This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202410511747.7, filed on April 25, 2024, entitled "A Communication Method and Related Device", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Technical Field

This application relates to the field of communication technology, and in particular to a communication method and related apparatus.

Background Technology

In relevant standards, to achieve a lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), a scheme is proposed to group single-carrier modulated signals. Taking a signal modulated by discrete fourier transform-spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) as an example, the scheme is as follows: the data is divided into several groups, and different groups may be assigned to different receivers. Each group undergoes a discrete fourier transform (DFT) independently. Then, each group is placed on subcarriers in the frequency domain at equal intervals. After multiplexing the signals of all groups, they are transmitted through an inverse fast fourier transform (IFFT). Since each group's signal is a single-carrier waveform, a lower PAPR can be achieved.

However, in the above scheme, the data is grouped mainly to transmit different signals to different receiving ends. Therefore, the signal for each group is randomly assigned, and there is no difference in PAPR characteristics between different groups, making it impossible to adjust flexibly.

Summary of the Invention

This application provides a communication method and related apparatus that enable flexible adjustment of PAPR.

This application provides a communication method executed by a first communication device. The first communication device may be a communication equipment (such as a network device or a terminal device), or it may be a component of a communication equipment (such as a processor, chip, or chip system), or it may be a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the communication equipment. In this method, the first communication device acquires first information or receives first information from a second communication device. The first information indicates a first ratio between the per-resource-unit energy (EPRE) of the pilot signal containing the first symbol and the EPRE of the data containing the first symbol, or it indicates the first ratio and a second ratio between the EPRE of the data containing the first symbol and the EPRE of the data containing the second symbol. The data employs single-carrier modulation. The first communication device transmits the pilot signal and data to the second communication device according to the first information.

Based on the above technical solution, before transmitting a signal using single-carrier modulation, the first communication device acquires or receives first information to adjust the first ratio between the EPRE of the pilot signal where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located, or adjusts the first ratio between the EPRE of the pilot signal where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located, as well as the second ratio between the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the second symbol is located, thereby achieving flexible adjustment of the PAPR of the signal.

A second aspect of this application provides a communication method, characterized in that the method is executed by a second communication device, which may be a communication device (such as a network device or a terminal device), or a component of a communication device (such as a processor, chip, or chip system), or a logic module or software capable of implementing all or part of the functions of the communication device. In this method, the second communication device sends first information to a first communication device, the first information indicating a first ratio between the per resource unit energy (EPRE) of the pilot signal containing the first symbol and the EPRE of the data containing the first symbol, or the first information indicating the first ratio and a second ratio between the EPRE of the data containing the first symbol and the EPRE of the data containing the second symbol, wherein the data employs single-carrier modulation; the second communication device receives the pilot signal and the data; and the second communication device demodulates the data according to the pilot signal.

Based on the above technical solution, the second communication device can adjust the PAPR of the signal by sending first information to the first communication device to adjust the first ratio between the EPRE of the pilot signal where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located, or to adjust the first ratio between the EPRE of the pilot signal where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located, and the second ratio between the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the second symbol is located, thereby realizing flexible adjustment of the PAPR of the signal.

In one possible implementation of the first or second aspect, the first information may be carried by broadcast, unicast, or multicast messages.

In one possible implementation of the first or second aspect, the first information is determined based on at least one of the following:

The information includes the channel state between the first and second communication devices, the transmission distance between the first and second communication devices, the code rate, the modulation order of a single carrier, the position and quantity of pilot signals on the frequency domain resources of a single carrier, the position and quantity of data on the frequency domain resources of a single carrier, and the number of empty groups containing the second symbol.

Based on the above technical solution, the first information can be determined based on the above information, thereby adjusting the ratio between the power allocated to the DMRS and the power allocated to the data according to different needs, thereby realizing flexible adjustment of the PAPR of the signal.

Optionally, the channel state information between the first communication device and the second communication device can be obtained based on a reference signal.

For example, when the first communication device and the second communication device communicate through uplink and downlink, the reference signal may include a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), etc.

For example, when the first communication device and the second communication device communicate via a sidelink, the reference signal may include a sidelink synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel block (sidelink SSB, SL-SSB, or S-SS/PSBCH block), a sidelink channel state information reference signal (SL-CSI-RS), etc.

In one possible implementation of the first or second aspect, the first information is used to indicate the first ratio and the second ratio, the first information and the first ratio have a first mapping relationship, the first information and the second ratio have a second mapping relationship, and the first mapping relationship and the second mapping relationship are different.

Based on the above technical solution, the first ratio and the second ratio indicated by the first confidence can be determined based on different mapping relationships, thereby improving the flexibility of the power matching between DMRS and data.

In one possible implementation of the first or second aspect, the first information includes an index number.

In one possible implementation of the first or second aspect, the first information includes the modulation order.

In one possible implementation of the first or second aspect, the pilot signal includes a demodulation reference signal DMRS, a phase tracking reference signal PTRS, a probe reference signal SRS, a tracking reference signal TRS, and a CSI-RS.

In one possible implementation of the first or second aspect, the first information is carried by at least one of the following:

System messages, Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Downlink Control Information (DCI), and Media Access Control Unit (MAC CE).

A third aspect of this application provides a communication device, which is a first communication device, comprising a transceiver unit; the transceiver unit is configured to acquire first information or receive first information from a second communication device, the first information being configured to indicate a first ratio between the per resource unit energy (EPRE) of the pilot signal where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located, or the first information being configured to indicate the first ratio and a second ratio between the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the second symbol is located, wherein the data employs single-carrier modulation; the transceiver unit is further configured to transmit the pilot signal and data to the second communication device according to the first information.

In the third aspect of this application, the constituent modules of the communication device can also be used to execute the steps performed in various possible implementations of the first aspect and achieve the corresponding technical effects. For details, please refer to the first aspect, which will not be repeated here.

A fourth aspect of this application provides a communication device, which is a second communication device. The device includes a transceiver unit and a processing unit. The transceiver unit is used to send first information to a first communication device. The first information is used to indicate a first ratio between the per resource unit energy (EPRE) of the pilot signal where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located, or the first information is used to indicate the first ratio and a second ratio between the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the second symbol is located. The data is modulated using a single carrier. The transceiver unit is also used to receive the pilot signal and the data. The processing unit is used to demodulate the data according to the pilot signal.

In the fourth aspect of this application, the constituent modules of the communication device can also be used to perform the steps executed in various possible implementations of the second aspect and achieve the corresponding technical effects. For details, please refer to the second aspect, which will not be repeated here.

The fifth aspect of this application provides a communication device including at least one processor coupled to a memory; the memory is used to store a program or instructions; the at least one processor is used to execute the program or instructions to enable the device to implement any possible implementation of the first or second aspect described above.

The sixth aspect of this application provides a communication device including at least one logic circuit and an input/output interface; the logic circuit is used to perform the method described in any possible implementation of either the first or second aspect described above.

The seventh aspect of this application provides a communication system, which includes the first communication device and the second communication device described above.

An eighth aspect of this application provides a computer-readable storage medium for storing one or more computer-executable instructions that, when executed by a processor, perform the method as described in any possible implementation of either the first or second aspect described above.

The ninth aspect of this application provides a computer program product (or computer program) that, when executed by a processor, performs the method described in any possible implementation of either the first or second aspect described above.

The tenth aspect of this application provides a chip system including at least one processor for supporting a communication device in implementing the method described in any possible implementation of the first or second aspect described above.

In one possible design, the chip system may further include a memory for storing program instructions and data necessary for the communication device. The chip system may be composed of chips or may include chips and other discrete devices. Optionally, the chip system may also include interface circuitry that provides program instructions and/or data to the at least one processor.

The technical effects of any of the design methods in aspects three through ten can be found in the technical effects of different design methods in aspects one or two above, and will not be repeated here.

Attached Figure Description

Figure 1a is a schematic diagram of the peak-to-average power ratio;

Figure 1b is a schematic diagram of the OFDM spectrum;

Figures 2a to 2d are schematic diagrams of the communication system provided in the embodiments of this application;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of data packets during transmission in DFT-S-OFDM;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of DFT-S-OFDM provided in this application embodiment, in which some packets are placed as pilot signals during transmission;

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the PAPR corresponding to the power ratio of the pilot signal to the data provided in the embodiments of this application;

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of an implementation of the communication method provided in an embodiment of this application;

Figures 7 to 9 are schematic diagrams of the communication device provided in the embodiments of this application.

Detailed Implementation

First, some terms used in the embodiments of this application will be explained to facilitate understanding by those skilled in the art.

(1) Terminal equipment

The terminal device can be a wireless terminal device capable of receiving network device scheduling and instruction information. The wireless terminal device can be a device that provides voice and/or data connectivity to the user, or a handheld device with wireless connectivity, or other processing device connected to a wireless modem.

Terminal devices can communicate with one or more core networks or the Internet via a radio access network (RAN). Terminal devices can be mobile terminal devices, such as mobile phones (or "cellular" phones), computers, and data cards. For example, they can be portable, pocket-sized, handheld, computer-embedded, or vehicle-mounted mobile devices that exchange voice and/or data with the RAN. Examples include personal communication service (PCS) phones, cordless phones, Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phones, wireless local loop (WLL) stations, personal digital assistants (PDAs), tablets, and computers with wireless transceiver capabilities. Wireless terminal equipment can also be referred to as a system, subscriber unit, subscriber station, mobile station, mobile station (MS), remote station, access point (AP), remote terminal, access terminal, user terminal, user agent, subscriber station (SS), customer premises equipment (CPE), terminal, user equipment (UE), mobile terminal (MT), etc.

By way of example and not limitation, in this embodiment, the terminal device can also be a wearable device. Wearable devices, also known as wearable smart devices or smart wearable devices, are a general term for devices that utilize wearable technology to intelligently design and develop everyday wearables, such as glasses, gloves, watches, clothing, and shoes. Wearable devices are portable devices that are worn directly on the body or integrated into the user's clothing or accessories. Wearable devices are not merely hardware devices, but also achieve powerful functions through software support, data interaction, and cloud interaction. Broadly speaking, wearable smart devices include those that are feature-rich, large in size, and can achieve complete or partial functions without relying on a smartphone, such as smartwatches or smart glasses, as well as those that focus on a specific type of application function and require the use of other devices such as smartphones, such as various smart bracelets, smart helmets, and smart jewelry for vital sign monitoring.

Terminals can also be drones, robots, devices in device-to-device (D2D) communication, vehicles to everything (V2X) communication, virtual reality (VR) terminal devices, augmented reality (AR) terminal devices, wireless terminals in industrial control, wireless terminals in self-driving, wireless terminals in remote medical care, wireless terminals in smart grids, wireless terminals in transportation safety, wireless terminals in smart cities, and wireless terminals in smart homes, etc.

Furthermore, terminal devices can also be terminal devices in communication systems evolved from fifth-generation (5G) communication systems (such as sixth-generation (6G) communication systems) or in future public land mobile networks (PLMNs). For example, 6G networks can further expand the form and function of 5G communication terminals; 6G terminals include, but are not limited to, vehicles, cellular network terminals (integrating satellite terminal functions), drones, and Internet of Things (IoT) devices.

(2) Network equipment

Network devices can be devices within a wireless network. For example, a network device can be a RAN node (or device) that connects terminal devices to the wireless network, also known as a base station. Currently, some examples of RAN devices include: base station, evolved NodeB (eNodeB), gNB (gNodeB) in a 5G communication system, transmission reception point (TRP), evolved Node B (eNB), radio network controller (RNC), Node B (NB), home base station (e.g., home evolved Node B, or home Node B, HNB), base band unit (BBU), or wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) access point (AP), etc. Additionally, in a network architecture, network devices can include centralized unit (CU) nodes, distributed unit (DU) nodes, or RAN devices that include both CU and DU nodes.

Optionally, RAN nodes can also be macro base stations, micro base stations or indoor stations, relay nodes or donor nodes, or radio controllers in cloud radio access network (CRAN) scenarios. RAN nodes can also be servers, wearable devices, vehicles, or in-vehicle equipment. For example, the access network equipment in vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology can be a roadside unit (RSU).

In another possible scenario, multiple RAN nodes collaborate to assist the terminal in achieving wireless access, with each RAN node performing a portion of the base station's functions. For example, RAN nodes can be central units (CUs), distributed units (DUs), CU-control plane (CPs), CU-user plane (UPs), or radio units (RUs). CUs and DUs can be separate entities or included in the same network element, such as a baseband unit (BBU). RUs can be included in radio frequency equipment or radio frequency units, such as remote radio units (RRUs), active antenna units (AAUs), or remote radio heads (RRHs).

In different systems, CU (or CU-CP and CU-UP), DU, or RU may have different names, but those skilled in the art will understand their meaning. For example, in an open access network (open RAN, O-RAN, or ORAN) system, CU can also be called O-CU (open CU), DU can also be called O-DU, CU-CP can also be called O-CU-CP, CU-UP can also be called O-CU-UP, and RU can also be called O-RU. For ease of description, this application uses CU, CU-CP, CU-UP, DU, and RU as examples. Any of the units among CU (or CU-CP, CU-UP), DU, and RU in this application can be implemented through software modules, hardware modules, or a combination of software modules and hardware modules.

Communication between access network devices and terminal devices follows a specific protocol layer structure. This protocol layer may include a control plane protocol layer and a user plane protocol layer. The control plane protocol layer may include at least one of the following: radio resource control (RRC) layer, packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, radio link control (RLC) layer, media access control (MAC) layer, or physical (PHY) layer, etc. The user plane protocol layer may include at least one of the following: service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, PDCP layer, RLC layer, MAC layer, or physical layer, etc.

The correspondence between network elements and their achievable protocol layer functions in the ORAN system can be found in Table 1 below.

Table 1

Network devices can be other devices that provide wireless communication functions for terminal devices. The embodiments of this application do not limit the specific technology or form of the network device. For ease of description, the embodiments of this application are not limited.

Network equipment may also include core network equipment, such as the Mobility Management Entity (MME), Home Subscriber Server (HSS), Serving Gateway (S-GW), Policy and Charging Rules Function (PCRF), and Public Data Network Gateway (PDN Gateway) in 4G networks; and access and mobility management function (AMF), user plane function (UPF), or session management function (SMF) in 5G networks. Furthermore, this core network equipment may also include other core network equipment in 5G networks and next-generation networks of 5G networks.

In this embodiment of the application, the network device may also have network nodes with AI capabilities, which can provide AI services to terminals or other network devices. For example, it may be an AI node, computing node, RAN node with AI capabilities, or core network element with AI capabilities on the network side (access network or core network).

In this application embodiment, the device for implementing the function of the network device can be the network device itself, or it can be a device capable of supporting the network device in implementing that function, such as a chip system, which can be installed in the network device. In the technical solutions provided in this application embodiment, the example of a network device being used to implement the function of the network device is used to describe the technical solutions provided in this application embodiment.

(3) Single-carrier waveforms and multi-carrier waveforms

Single-carrier waveform technology refers to waveform technology that uses only one carrier in the operating frequency band. The opposite of single-carrier waveform technology is multi-carrier waveform technology, such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Common single-carrier techniques include discrete fourier transform-spread-orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) and single-carrier quadrature amplitude modulation (SC-QAM).

Single-carrier waveforms can include: DFT-s-OFDM waveforms, unique word (UW)-DFT-s-OFDM waveforms, zero tail (ZT)-DFT-s-OFDM waveforms, or time-domain shaped single-carrier waveforms (such as single carrier (SC) and quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) waveforms).

Multicarrier waveforms can include OFDM waveforms, or some variations based on OFDM waveforms.

(4) DFT-S-OFDM

Discrete Fourier Transform Spreading OFDM (DFT-S-OFDM) is the signal generation method for the LTE uplink. Because DFT-S-OFDM involves an additional Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) process before the traditional OFDM processing, it is also known as linear precoding OFDM.

The essence of DFT-S-OFDM is single-carrier. Physically, the DFT-mapped-IFFT operation is actually equivalent to convolving the input signal before the DFT with a Sinc waveform. Because it is still essentially a single-carrier operation, DFT-S-OFDM has a lower PAPR compared to OFDM, which can improve the power transmission efficiency of mobile terminals, extend battery life, and reduce terminal costs.

(5) Resource Elements

A time-frequency resource consisting of a subcarrier in the frequency domain and a symbol in the time domain is called a resource element (RE).

(6) PAPR

Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), often simply called peak-to-average power ratio, is a signal that, as shown in Figure 1a, appears as a sinusoidal wave with constantly varying amplitude in the time domain. The peak amplitude within one period differs from that in other periods, resulting in different average and peak power values for each period. Over a relatively long time, the peak power represents the maximum transient power with a certain probability, typically 0.01% ( ^10⁻⁴ ). The ratio of this peak power to the total average power of the system is the PAPR.

Among them, the two factors affecting the peak-to-average power ratio of a communication system include:

1. Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of baseband signal (e.g., 1024-QAM modulated baseband signal has a large PAPR, while quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) and binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulated baseband signal have a PAPR of 1).

2. Peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) introduced by the superposition of multi-carrier power (e.g., 10*logN for OFDM).

As shown in Figure 1b, in the OFDM spectrum, the signal on a certain carrier is represented by a sinc function, with tails on both the left and right sides. The tails of multiple carriers may overlap at a distance with a certain probability to form a point with a very large peak power.

(7) Power difference

Power difference, also known as power offset or power control offset, is the offset between the power of the reference signal and the power of the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) or physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). It can be represented by the power difference per resource element (RE). The power of the reference signal can be the power of the RE carrying it. The power of the PDSCH can be the power of the RE carrying it. The unit of power difference is generally dB. In communication protocols, the unit of power is dBm or W. If the unit of power is dBm, the difference between the powers P1 and P2 of two signals, P1-P2, is the power difference. If the unit of power is W, the power ratio of the two signals, P1/P2, is usually calculated first, and then converted to dB; that is, the power difference is 10*log_10(P1/P2). For example, when the power unit is W, the power difference is the ratio of the PDSCH EPRE (energy per resource element) to the CSI-RS EPRE, and then this ratio is converted into a dB value.

Taking the pilot signal as the demodulation reference signal (DMRS) as an example, the offset between the power of the DMRS and the power of the PDSCH can be called the DMRS power difference. The DMRS power difference is used by the terminal equipment to demodulate the data channel. The DMRS power difference configured in the network equipment is the same as the actual transmitted power difference. In existing protocols, the RE of the DMRS and the RE of the PDSCH have a fixed power difference. However, in single-carrier waveforms, different DMRS power differences can be configured for different modulation schemes to improve demodulation performance.

Refer to Table 2 to find the power compensation value of DMRS, which is the power difference between DMRS and the data frequency domain signal. Table 2 can be the power ratio of downlink/uplink shared channel and demodulation reference signal resource unit (PDSCH/PUSCH EPRE to DM-RS EPRE) in Tables 4.1-1 and 6.2.2-1 of the 38.214 standard.

Table 2

Table 2 shows that when using DMRS, other positions carrying DMRS symbols can be left unused and without signal transmission. Therefore, the power of unused subcarriers can be transferred to DMRS to improve the channel estimation performance of DMRS. The three sets of values in Table 2 correspond to: no subcarriers carrying no signal (0dB), the same number of subcarriers as DMRS carrying no signal (3dB), and twice the number of subcarriers as DMRS carrying no signal (4.77dB).

In the embodiments of this application, energy, EPER, and power can be understood as having the same meaning.

(8) Configuration and Pre-configuration

This application uses both configuration and pre-configuration. Configuration refers to the network device/server sending configuration information or parameter values to the terminal via messages or signaling, so that the terminal can determine communication parameters or resources for transmission based on these values or information. Pre-configuration is similar to configuration; it can be parameter information or values pre-negotiated between the network device/server and the terminal device, parameter information or values specified by standard protocols for use by the base station/network device or terminal device, or parameter information or values pre-stored in the base station/server or terminal device. This application does not limit this.

Furthermore, these values and parameters can be changed or updated.

(9) The terms "system" and "network" in the embodiments of this application can be used interchangeably. "Multiple" refers to two or more. "And/or" describes the relationship between related objects, indicating that there can be three relationships. For example, A and/or B can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, or B exists alone, where A and B can be singular or plural. The character "/" generally indicates that the related objects before and after are in an "or" relationship. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, "at least one of A, B and C" includes A, B, C, AB, AC, BC or ABC. And, unless otherwise specified, the ordinal numbers such as "first" and "second" mentioned in the embodiments of this application are used to distinguish multiple objects and are not used to limit the order, sequence, priority or importance of multiple objects.

(10) In the embodiments of this application, "send" and "receive" indicate the direction of signal transmission. For example, "send information to XX" can be understood as the destination of the information being XX, which may include sending directly through the air interface or sending indirectly through the air interface by other units or modules. "Receive information from YY" can be understood as the source of the information being YY, which may include receiving directly from YY through the air interface or receiving indirectly from YY through the air interface by other units or modules. "Send" can also be understood as the "output" of the chip interface, and "receive" can also be understood as the "input" of the chip interface.

In other words, sending and receiving can occur between devices, such as between network devices and terminal devices, or within a device, such as between components, modules, chips, software modules, or hardware modules within the device via buses, wiring, or interfaces.

It is understandable that information may undergo necessary processing, such as encoding and modulation, between the source and destination, but the destination can understand the valid information from the source. Similar statements in this application can be interpreted in a similar way and will not be elaborated further.

(11) In the embodiments of this application, "instruction" may include direct instruction and indirect instruction, as well as explicit instruction and implicit instruction. The information indicated by a certain piece of information (as described below, the instruction information) is called the information to be instructed. In the specific implementation process, there are many ways to indicate the information to be instructed, such as, but not limited to, directly indicating the information to be instructed, such as the information to be instructed itself or its index. It can also indirectly indicate the information to be instructed by indicating other information, where there is an association between the other information and the information to be instructed; or it can only indicate a part of the information to be instructed, while the other parts of the information to be instructed are known or pre-agreed upon. For example, the instruction of specific information can be achieved by using a pre-agreed (e.g., protocol predefined) arrangement order of various information, thereby reducing the instruction overhead to a certain extent. This application does not limit the specific method of instruction. It is understood that for the sender of the instruction information, the instruction information can be used to indicate the information to be instructed; for the receiver of the instruction information, the instruction information can be used to determine the information to be instructed.

In this application, unless otherwise specified, the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referred to each other. In the various embodiments of this application, and the various methods/designs/implementations within each embodiment, unless otherwise specified or logically conflicting, the terminology and/or descriptions between different embodiments and between the various methods/designs/implementations within each embodiment are consistent and can be mutually referenced. The technical features in different embodiments and the various methods/designs/implementations within each embodiment can be combined to form new embodiments, methods, or implementations based on their inherent logical relationships. The following descriptions of the embodiments of this application do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this application.

This application can be applied to long-term evolution (LTE) systems, new radio (NR) systems, or communication systems evolving beyond 5G (such as Beyond 5G (B5G), 6G, etc.). The communication system includes at least one network device and/or at least one terminal device.

Please refer to Figure 2a, which is a schematic diagram of the architecture of the communication system 1000 used in this embodiment of the application. As shown in Figure 2a, the communication system includes a radio access network (RAN) 100 and a core network 200. Optionally, the communication system 1000 may also include an Internet 300. The RAN 100 includes at least one RAN node (110a and 110b in Figure 2a, collectively referred to as 110), and may also include at least one terminal (120a-120j in Figure 2a, collectively referred to as 120). The RAN 100 may also include other RAN nodes, such as wireless relay devices and/or wireless backhaul devices (not shown in Figure 2a). The terminal 120 is wirelessly connected to the RAN node 110, and the RAN node 110 is wirelessly or wiredly connected to the core network 200. The core network equipment in the core network 200 and the RAN node 110 in the RAN 100 can be independent and different physical devices, or they can be the same physical device integrating the logical functions of the core network equipment and the logical functions of the RAN node. Terminals can be connected to each other, as can RAN nodes, via wired or wireless means.

RAN100 can be an evolved universal terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) system, a new radio (NR) system, or a future radio access system as defined in the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP). RAN100 can also include two or more of the above-mentioned different radio access systems. RAN100 can also be an open RAN (O-RAN).

For ease of description, the following text uses a base station as an example of a RAN node.

Base stations and terminals can be fixed or mobile. They can be deployed on land, including indoors or outdoors, handheld or vehicle-mounted; they can also be deployed on water; and they can be deployed on aircraft, balloons, and satellites. The embodiments of this application do not limit the application scenarios of the base stations and terminals.

The roles of base stations and terminals can be relative. For example, the helicopter or drone 120i in Figure 2a can be configured as a mobile base station. For terminals 120j that access the wireless access network 100 through 120i, terminal 120i is a base station; however, for base station 110a, 120i is a terminal, meaning that 110a and 120i communicate via a wireless air interface protocol. Of course, 110a and 120i can also communicate via a base station-to-base station interface protocol. In this case, relative to 110a, 120i is also a base station. Therefore, both base stations and terminals can be collectively referred to as communication devices. 110a and 110b in Figure 2a can be called communication devices with base station functions, and 120a-120j in Figure 2a can be called communication devices with terminal functions.

Communication between base stations and terminals, between base stations, and between terminals can be conducted using licensed spectrum, unlicensed spectrum, or both simultaneously. Communication can be conducted using spectrum below 6 GHz, spectrum above 6 GHz, or both simultaneously. The embodiments of this application do not limit the spectrum resources used for wireless communication.

In the embodiments of this application, the functions of the base station can be executed by modules (such as chips) within the base station, or by a control subsystem that includes base station functions. This control subsystem, including base station functions, can be a control center in the aforementioned application scenarios such as smart grids, industrial control, intelligent transportation, and smart cities. Similarly, the functions of the terminal can be executed by modules (such as chips or modems) within the terminal, or by a device that includes terminal functions.

Figure 2b is another schematic diagram of a communication system provided in an embodiment of this application. In Figure 2b, a network device is used as a base station for illustration, and both device 1 and device 2 are terminal devices. As shown in Figure 2b, the communication link between device 1 and device 2 can be called a sidelink (SL), and the communication link between device 1 (or device 2) and the base station can be called an uplink and downlink, including an uplink and a downlink. It can be seen that the sidelink is a communication mechanism in which different terminal devices communicate directly without going through a network device.

Optionally, in a sidelink (SL), the transmitting and receiving devices can generally be the same type of terminal equipment or network equipment, or they can be a roadside unit (RSU) and a terminal equipment. From a physical perspective, an RSU is a roadside station or roadside unit; functionally, an RSU can be a terminal equipment or a network equipment. This application does not impose any restrictions on this. That is, the transmitting device is a terminal equipment, and the receiving device is also a terminal equipment; or, the transmitting device is a roadside station, and the receiving device is also a terminal equipment; or, the transmitting device is a terminal equipment, and the receiving device is also a roadside station. Furthermore, the sidelink can also consist of base station equipment of the same or different types. In this case, the function of the sidelink is similar to that of a relay link, but the air interface technology used can be the same or different.

For example, broadcast, unicast, and multicast are supported on the side link.

Broadcast communication is similar to network equipment broadcasting system information, meaning that terminal devices send broadcast service data to the outside world without encryption, and any other terminal devices within the effective reception range can receive the broadcast service data if they are interested in it.

Unicast communication is similar to data communication between a terminal device and a network device after establishing an RRC connection; it requires a prior unicast connection between the two terminal devices. After establishing the unicast connection, the two terminal devices can communicate data based on a negotiated identifier; this data can be encrypted or unencrypted. Unlike broadcast communication, unicast communication can only occur between two terminal devices that have already established a unicast connection.

Optionally, a single unicast communication on the sidelink corresponds to a pair of source layer-2 identifiers (hereinafter referred to as source L2 ID) and destination layer-2 identifiers (hereinafter referred to as destination L2 ID). Optionally, the source L2 ID and destination L2 ID will be included in the subheader of the media access control protocol data unit (MAC PDU) in the sidelink to ensure that the data is transmitted to the correct receiving end.

Multicast communication refers to communication between all terminal devices within a communication group, where any terminal device within the group can send and receive data for the multicast service.

As shown in Figure 2c, when a terminal device (denoted as UE1) communicates directly with another terminal device (denoted as UE2) without going through a network device, the communication link between the two terminal devices can be called a sidelink, or the two terminal devices can communicate based on the proximity-based services communication 5 (PC5) port.

As shown in Figure 2d, V2X communication technology, as a typical application of sidelink, utilizes and enhances current cellular network functions and elements to achieve low-latency and high-reliability communication between various nodes in the vehicle network, including vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), vehicle-to-pedestrian (V2P), vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), and vehicle-to-network (V2N). With the evolution of cellular systems from 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) to 5G, C-V2X is evolving from LTE-V2X to NR-V2X (New Radio V2X).

Furthermore, V2X communication has enormous potential in reducing vehicle collisions, thus potentially reducing the number of injuries and fatalities. The advantages of V2X extend beyond improved safety. Vehicles capable of V2X communication contribute to better traffic management, further promoting green transportation and lower energy consumption. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are an application that integrates V2X. Based on V2X technology, vehicle users (V-UEs) can periodically send information such as location, speed, and intentions (turning, changing lanes, reversing) to surrounding V-UEs, as well as information triggered by non-periodic events. Similarly, V-UEs receive information from surrounding users in real time. 5G NR V2X can support lower transmission latency, more reliable communication, higher throughput, and a better user experience, meeting the needs of a wider range of application scenarios. Furthermore, the vehicle-to-vehicle communication technology supported by V2X can be extended to device-to-device (D2D) communication in any system.

The technical solution provided in this application can be applied to wireless communication systems (such as the systems shown in Figure 2a, Figure 2b, Figure 2c or Figure 2d), and is suitable for scenarios where uplink/downlink transmission uses single-carrier transmission.

For wireless communication systems to transmit signals over long distances, power amplification is necessary. Due to technological and cost limitations, a power amplifier typically only amplifies linearly within a certain range; exceeding this range leads to signal distortion. Signal distortion prevents the receiver from correctly interpreting the signal. To ensure the signal peak remains within the power amplifier's linear range, the average power must be reduced, but this reduces the power amplifier's efficiency, or equivalently, shrinks the coverage area. Therefore, to meet coverage requirements, signal generation techniques with low PAPR (Average Power Reduction) are often chosen.

In relevant standards, to achieve a lower peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR), a scheme is proposed to group single-carrier modulated signals. Taking a signal modulated using Discrete Fourier Transform-Spread-Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (DFT-S-OFDM) as an example, as shown in Figure 3, the data is divided into several groups. Different groups may be assigned to different receivers. Each group undergoes a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) independently. Then, each group is placed on subcarriers in the frequency domain at equal intervals. After multiplexing all groups of signals, they are transmitted using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). Because the data placement method shown in Figure 3 ensures that each group's signal is a single-carrier waveform, a lower PAPR can be achieved.

However, in the above scheme, grouping is mainly for transmitting different signals to different receivers. Therefore, it is assumed that the signal for each group is randomly assigned, and there is no difference in PAPR characteristics between different groups. Other functions of different groups are not considered, such as considering some groups as pilot signals for single-symbol physical downlink control channel (PDCCH)/physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) transmission. In this case, if grouping is only based on different receivers, the different PAPR characteristics corresponding to different signals are not taken into account, and flexible adjustment of PAPR is impossible.

Please refer to Figure 4. Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of DFT-S-OFDM as provided in the embodiment of this application, in which some packets are placed as pilot signals during transmission. As shown in Figure 4, in the frequency domain of interleaved DFT-S-OFDM, pilot signals are placed on some packets. The PAPR of the pilot signal is lower than that of the DFT-S-OFDM waveform. The higher the power ratio (EPRE) between the pilot signal and the data signal in the frequency domain, the lower the PAPR. For details, please refer to Figure 5. The four curves represent different values of the power ratio between the pilot signal and the data signal in the frequency domain. The higher the power ratio between DMRS and data, the smaller the PPAR.

To address the aforementioned issues, this application provides a communication method for single-carrier waveforms. This method adjusts the power ratio of the pilot signal to the data signal in the frequency domain using a first ratio between the EPRE of the pilot signal containing the first symbol and the EPRE of the data containing the first symbol, or a first ratio between the EPRE of the pilot signal containing the first symbol and the EPRE of the data containing the first symbol, and a second ratio between the EPRE of the data containing the first symbol and the EPRE of the data containing the second symbol. This allows for flexible adjustment of the PAPR of the signal and effectively balances channel estimation performance with signal detection performance based on this power ratio.

Please refer to Figure 6, which is a schematic diagram of an implementation of the communication method provided in an embodiment of this application. The method includes the following steps.

It should be noted that Figure 6 illustrates the method using the first and second communication devices as examples of the execution entities in this interactive illustration, but this application does not limit the execution entities of this interactive illustration. For example, in Figure 6, the execution entity of the method can be replaced by a chip, chip system, processor, logic module, or software in the communication device.

In Figure 6, the first communication device can be a network device and the second communication device can be a terminal device, or the first communication device can be a terminal device and the second communication device can be a network device. It should be understood that when the first communication device is a terminal device, the second communication device can be either a terminal device or a network device; conversely, when the first communication device is a network device, the second communication device can also be either a terminal device or a network device. That is, the communication method provided in this application embodiment is applicable to communication between network devices and terminal devices, as well as communication between network devices and between terminal devices.

S601. The second communication device sends first information to the first communication device. The first information is used to indicate a first ratio between the per resource unit energy (EPRE) of the pilot signal where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located, or the first information is used to indicate the first ratio and a second ratio between the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the second symbol is located. The data is modulated using a single carrier.

It should be understood that during data transmission, the sending end (e.g., a terminal device for uplink transmission and a network device for downlink transmission) needs to send a corresponding demodulation pilot signal so that the receiving end (e.g., a network device for uplink transmission and a terminal device for downlink transmission) can demodulate the data based on the demodulation pilot signal.

S602. The first communication device acquires first information or receives first information from the second communication device.

The first communication device can rationally allocate the power of the pilot signal and the power of the data on the frequency domain resources based on the first information, thereby realizing flexible adjustment of PAPR.

It should be understood that S601 is an optional step when the first communication device obtains the first information from the local device or the cloud.

S603. The first communication device sends pilot signals and data to the second communication device based on the first information.

S604. The second communication device demodulates the data based on the pilot signal.

It should be understood that the time-frequency resources used to carry pilot signals may include one or more symbols in the time domain and one or more subcarriers in the frequency domain. When multiple symbols are included in the time domain, these multiple symbols may be consecutive or discrete. When multiple subcarriers are included in the frequency domain, these multiple subcarriers may be consecutive or discrete, and this application embodiment does not limit this.

In one possible implementation, the following two scenarios are discussed regarding the first piece of information:

I. Single Symbol Transmission Scenarios

Single-symbol transmission refers to the transmission of the pilot signal and the data channel on the same symbol in the time domain. Correspondingly, the first communication device adjusts the PAPR based on the power ratio between the pilot signal and the energy on the same symbol. Specifically, the first information indicates a first ratio between the per-resource-unit energy (EPRE) of the pilot signal containing the first symbol and the EPRE of the data containing the first symbol.

In one possible implementation, the first information may include one or more of the following information A to information E.

Information A. Channel status information between the first communication device and the second communication device.

Information B. The transmission distance between the first communication device and the second communication device.

Information C. The location and quantity of pilot signals on the frequency domain resources of a single carrier.

Information D. The location and quantity of data on a single carrier's frequency domain resources.

Information E. Modulation order of a single carrier.

For information A, in one possible implementation, the channel state information between the first communication device and the second communication device can be obtained based on a reference signal.

For example, when the first communication device and the second communication device communicate through uplink and downlink, the reference signal may include a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS), a sounding reference signal (SRS), etc.

For example, when the first communication device and the second communication device communicate via a sidelink, the reference signal may include a sidelink synchronization signal/physical broadcast channel block (sidelink SSB, SL-SSB, or S-SS/PSBCH block), a sidelink channel state information reference signal (SL-CSI-RS), etc.

For information C, in one possible implementation, the first ratio C _₀ is related to the position and quantity of the pilot signal on the frequency domain resources of a single carrier. The position of the pilot signal on the frequency domain resources of a single carrier can be understood as the distribution density of the pilot signal on the frequency domain resources.

Assuming m is the total allocated resources and n is the power of the pilot signal, and that the power of each signal is assumed to be 1, then... That is, the ratio of the transmit power of the pilot signal containing the first symbol to the transmit power of the other data containing the first symbol is _C0 .

Correspondingly, in one possible implementation, the first information includes the value of the total allocated resource m and the value of the pilot signal power n.

In one possible implementation, the first piece of information includes the index number.

There is a mapping relationship between the index number and m and n; or there is an index relationship between the index number and the first ratio, as shown in Table 3 below; or, there is an index relationship between the index number, m, n and the first ratio, then the first communication device or the second communication device can determine the first ratio based on any of the above mapping relationships and the index number. Correspondingly, the first information may only include the values of m and n; or, the first information may only include the index number; or, the first information may include the values of m, n and the index number.

Table 3

It should be understood that the values of the index number, m, and n can be configured by the first communication device or configured by the second communication device and then sent to the first communication device. The specific values can be set according to actual needs and are not limited here.

For information D, the first communication device can indirectly determine the position and quantity of the pilot signal on the frequency domain resources of a single carrier based on the position and quantity of the data on the frequency domain resources of a single carrier, thereby making reasonable power allocation.

For information E, the higher the modulation order, the larger the value of the first ratio _C0 . Allocating more power from the data portion to the pilot signal can further reduce PAPR and improve the estimation performance of the pilot signal.

In one possible implementation, there is a mapping relationship between the modulation order and the first ratio; or, there is a mapping relationship between the modulation stage, the values of m and n, and the first ratio; or, there is a mapping relationship between the modulation order, the index number, and the first ratio, as shown in Table 4 below; or, there is a mapping relationship between the modulation order, the index number, the first ratio, and the values of m and n. Correspondingly, the first information may only include the modulation order, the values of m and n, or the index number; or, the first information may include any two or three of the modulation order, the values of m and n, or the index number.

It should be understood that the values of the index number, modulation order, m, and n can be configured by the first communication device or configured by the second communication device and then sent to the first communication device. The specific values can be set according to actual needs and are not limited here.

Table 4

It should be understood that each of the mapping relationships mentioned above can be the same or different, and the specific mapping can be set according to actual needs, without any restrictions here.

In one possible implementation, the first communication device can set a portion of the frequency domain resources to 0, that is, by default, one or more groups of data are silent or do not transmit signals, and allocate the power of the one or more groups to the pilot signal to reduce PAPR and improve channel estimation performance.

It should be understood that the first communication device can effectively improve PAPR and balance signal estimation performance and signal detection performance by controlling the number of activated packets and adjusting the power configuration of the pilot signal and data signal.

II. Multi-symbol transmission scenarios

Multi-symbol transmission refers to the transmission of pilot signals and data on multiple symbols, respectively. Correspondingly, the first communication device adjusts the PAPR based on the power ratio between the pilot signals and energy on multiple symbols.

For ease of description, we will use two symbols as an example. Assume the first symbol carries a pilot signal, and the second symbol does not carry a pilot signal. Correspondingly, the first information is used to indicate the first ratio and the second ratio between the EPRE of the data containing the first symbol and the EPRE of the data containing the second symbol.

It should be understood that, based on the first communication device determining the power ratio between the pilot signal and the data where the first symbol is located, since the PAPR of the data carrying the pilot signal may be different from that of the data not carrying the pilot signal, the first communication device needs to determine the relationship between the power of the data on the second symbol and the power of the pilot signal and the first symbol, so as to allocate more power to the pilot signal through this relationship, thereby balancing the PAPR between different symbols.

In a first possible implementation, provided that the first ratio _C0 exists, the first or second communication device balances the PAPR between different symbols by determining a second ratio _C1 between the EPRE of the data containing the first symbol and the EPRE of the data containing the second symbol.

In one possible implementation, the first information may include one or more of the following information A to information F.

Information A. Channel status information between the first communication device and the second communication device.

Information B. The transmission distance between the first communication device and the second communication device.

Information C. The location and quantity of pilot signals on the frequency domain resources of a single carrier.

Information D. The location and quantity of data on a single carrier's frequency domain resources.

Information E. Modulation order of a single carrier.

Information F. The number of empty groups containing the second symbol.

For the descriptions of information A, B, and D, please refer to the description of the single-symbol transmission scenario, which will not be repeated here.

For information C, the position of the pilot signal in the frequency domain resources of a single carrier can be understood as the distribution density of the pilot signal in the frequency domain resources.

Information C is optional. In one possible implementation, the value of the second ratio _C1 is related to the position and quantity of the pilot signal on the frequency domain resources of a single carrier.

Assuming m is the total allocated resources and n is the power of the pilot signal, with the default power of each signal being 1, then in the case of _C0 , The ratio of the transmit power of the data containing the second symbol without pilot signal to the transmit power of the data containing the first symbol with pilot signal is _C1 .

In another possible implementation, the value of the second ratio _C1 is independent of the position and quantity of the pilot signal on the frequency domain resources of a single carrier.

Assuming m is the total allocated resources and n is the power of the pilot signal, and that the power of each signal is assumed to be 1, then... The ratio of the transmit power of the data containing the second symbol without pilot signal to the transmit power of the data containing the first symbol with pilot signal is _C1 .

For information F, the value of the second ratio _C1 is related to the number of empty groups in which the second symbol resides. Considering that the number of empty groups in which the second symbol resides is different from that of the first symbol, we assume that _m2 of the power _m1 of the data in the first symbol is allocated to the pilot signal, and the power _m3 of the empty group in which the second symbol resides is allocated to other groups. The ratio of the transmit power of the data containing the second symbol without pilot signal to the transmit power of the data containing the first symbol with pilot signal is _C1 .

In one possible implementation, the first information includes an index number, and the value of the second ratio _C1 is mapped to the index number. The first communication device can then determine the value of the second ratio _C1 based on this mapping. Taking the transmission of PDSCH (which can also be PUSCH) and the pilot signal as DMRS as an example, the mapping relationship can be seen in Table 5 below. Table 5 shows the power ratio of the downlink shared channel (without FDMed DMRS) and the power ratio of the downlink shared channel (FDMed DMRS) EPRE.

Table 5

C1-1, C1-2, and C1-3 represent different values, and the specific values can be set according to actual needs. No restrictions are imposed here.

In one possible implementation, the first information is used to indicate the first ratio and the second ratio, the first information and the first ratio have a first mapping relationship, the first information and the second ratio have a second mapping relationship, and the first mapping relationship and the second mapping relationship are different.

In the second possible implementation, provided that the first ratio _C0 exists, the first or second communication device balances the PAPR between different symbols by determining a second ratio _C2 between the EPRE of the data containing the second symbol and the EPRE of the pilot signal containing the first symbol.

In one possible implementation, the first information may include one or more of the following information A to information F.

Information A. Channel status information between the first communication device and the second communication device.

Information B. The transmission distance between the first communication device and the second communication device.

Information C. The location and quantity of pilot signals on the frequency domain resources of a single carrier.

Information D. The location and quantity of data on a single carrier's frequency domain resources.

Information E. Modulation order of a single carrier.

Information F. The number of empty groups containing the second symbol.

For a description of information A to information B, please refer to the section on single-symbol transmission; it will not be repeated here.

For information C, in one possible implementation, the value of the second ratio _C2 is related to the position and quantity of the pilot signal on the frequency domain resources of a single carrier. The position of the pilot signal on the frequency domain resources of a single carrier can be understood as the distribution density of the pilot signal on the frequency domain resources.

Assuming m is the total allocated resources and n is the power of the pilot signal, with the default power of each signal being 1, then in the case of _C0 , The ratio of the transmit power of the data containing the second symbol without pilot signal to the transmit power of the data containing the first symbol with pilot signal is _C2 .

For information F, in one possible implementation, the value of the second ratio _C2 is related to the number of empty groups containing the second symbol.

In another possible implementation, the value of the second ratio _C2 is related to the number of empty groups in which the second symbol is located and the position and quantity of the pilot signal on the frequency domain resources of a single carrier.

Assuming the power of the pilot signal is _m1 , the power _m2 of the data containing the first symbol is allocated to the pilot signal, and the power _m3 of the empty group containing the second symbol is evenly distributed to the other groups, then... The ratio of the transmit power of the data containing the second symbol without pilot signal to the transmit power of the data containing the first symbol with pilot signal is _C2 .

In one possible implementation, the first information includes an index number, and the value of the second ratio _C2 is mapped to the index number. The first communication device can then determine the value of the second ratio _C2 based on this mapping. Taking the transmission of PDSCH (which can also be PUSCH) and the pilot signal as DMRS as an example, the mapping relationship can be seen in Table 6 below. Table 6 shows the power ratio of the downlink shared channel (without FDMed DMRS) and the power ratio of the demodulation reference signal resource unit (EPRE) to DMRS EPRE.

Table 6

C2-1, C2-2, and C2-3 represent different values, and the specific values can be set according to actual needs. No restrictions are imposed here.

In one possible implementation, the first information is used to indicate the first ratio and the second ratio, the first information and the first ratio have a first mapping relationship, the first information and the second ratio have a second mapping relationship, and the first mapping relationship and the second mapping relationship are different.

It should be understood that in practical applications, the first mapping relationship and the second mapping relationship can also be the same. The specific settings can be made according to actual needs, and no restrictions are imposed here.

In one possible implementation, the pilot signals include DMRS, Phase Tracking Reference Signal (PTRS), SRS, Tracking Reference Signal (TRS), and CSI-RS.

In one possible implementation, the first information is carried by at least one of the following:

System messages, radio resource control (RRC) signaling, downlink control information (DCI), and media access control element (MAC CE).

It should be understood that before transmitting a signal using single-carrier modulation, the first communication device acquires or receives first information to adjust a first ratio between the EPRE of the pilot signal containing the first symbol and the EPRE of the data containing the first symbol, or to adjust a first ratio between the EPRE of the pilot signal containing the first symbol and the EPRE of the data containing the first symbol, and a second ratio between the EPRE of the data containing the first symbol and the EPRE of the data containing the second symbol, thereby achieving flexible adjustment of the PAPR of the signal.

Please refer to Figure 7. This application embodiment provides a communication device 700, which can realize the functions of the second communication device or the first communication device in the above method embodiments, and thus can also achieve the beneficial effects of the above method embodiments. In this application embodiment, the communication device 700 can be the first communication device (or the second communication device), or it can be an integrated circuit or component inside the first communication device (or the second communication device), such as a chip.

In one possible implementation, when the device 700 is used to perform the method executed by the first communication device in the foregoing embodiments, the device 700 includes a transceiver unit 702; the transceiver unit 702 is used to acquire first information or receive first information from the second communication device, the first information being used to indicate a first ratio between the per resource unit energy (EPRE) of the pilot signal where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located, or the first information being used to indicate the first ratio and a second ratio between the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the second symbol is located, the data employing single-carrier modulation; the transceiver unit 702 is also used to transmit the pilot signal and data to the second communication device according to the first information.

In one possible implementation, when the device 700 is used to execute the method performed by the second communication device in the foregoing embodiments, the device 700 includes the processing unit 701 and the transceiver unit 702; the transceiver unit 702 is used to send first information to the first communication device, the first information indicating a first ratio between the per resource unit energy (EPRE) of the pilot signal where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located, or the first information indicating the first ratio and a second ratio between the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the second symbol is located, the data employing single-carrier modulation; the transceiver unit 702 is also used to receive the pilot signal and the data; the processing unit 701 is used to demodulate the data according to the pilot signal.

It should be noted that the information execution process of the unit of the above-mentioned communication device 700 can be specifically described in the method embodiment shown above in this application, and will not be repeated here.

Please refer to Figure 8, which is another schematic structural diagram of the communication device 800 provided in this application. The communication device 800 includes a logic circuit 801 and an input/output interface 802. The communication device 800 can be a chip or an integrated circuit.

In this context, the transceiver unit 702 shown in Figure 7 can be a communication interface, which can be the input/output interface 802 in Figure 8, and the input/output interface 802 can include an input interface and an output interface. Alternatively, the communication interface can also be a transceiver circuit, which can include an input interface circuit and an output interface circuit.

In one possible implementation, the input/output interface 802 is used to acquire first information or receive first information from a second communication device. The first information is used to indicate a first ratio between the per resource unit energy (EPRE) of the pilot signal where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located, or the first information is used to indicate the first ratio and a second ratio between the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the second symbol is located. The data is single-carrier modulated. The input/output interface 802 is also used to send the pilot signal and data to the second communication device according to the first information.

In one possible implementation, the input/output interface 802 is used to send first information to the first communication device. The first information indicates a first ratio between the per resource unit energy (EPRE) of the pilot signal where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located, or the first information indicates a first ratio and a second ratio between the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the second symbol is located. The data is single-carrier modulated. The input/output interface 802 is also used to receive the pilot signal and the data. The logic circuit 801 is used to demodulate the data according to the pilot signal.

The logic circuit 801 and the input/output interface 802 can also perform other steps performed by the first or second communication device in any embodiment and achieve corresponding beneficial effects, which will not be elaborated here.

In one possible implementation, the processing unit 701 shown in FIG7 can be the logic circuit 801 in FIG8.

Optionally, the logic circuit 801 can be a processing device, the functions of which can be partially or entirely implemented in software.

Optionally, the processing apparatus may include a memory and a processor, wherein the memory is used to store a computer program, and the processor reads and executes the computer program stored in the memory to perform the corresponding processing and/or steps in any of the method embodiments.

Optionally, the processing device may include a processor. A memory for storing computer programs is located outside the processing device, and the processor is connected to the memory via circuitry/wires to read and execute the computer programs stored in the memory. The memory and processor may be integrated together or physically independent of each other.

Optionally, the processing device may be one or more chips, or one or more integrated circuits. For example, the processing device may be one or more field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), system-on-chips (SoCs), central processing units (CPUs), network processors (NPs), digital signal processors (DSPs), microcontroller units (MCUs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), or other integrated chips, or any combination of the above chips or processors.

Referring to Figure 9, which is a schematic diagram of the structure of a communication device 900 provided in an embodiment of this application, the communication device 900 includes a processor 901 and a transceiver 902.

The communication device 900 can be a wireless frame transmitting device or a wireless frame receiving device, or a chip therein.

Figure 9 shows only the main components of the communication device 900. In addition to the processor 901 and transceiver 902, the communication device may further include a memory 903 and input/output devices (not shown). The memory unit 903 may be independent and connected to the processor 901. Optionally, the memory unit 903 may be integrated with the processor 901, for example, integrated into a single chip.

The processor 901 is primarily used to process communication protocols and data, control the entire communication device, execute software programs, and process the data within those programs. The memory 903 is mainly used to store software programs and data. The transceiver 902 may include radio frequency (RF) circuitry and an antenna. The RF circuitry is primarily used for converting baseband signals to RF signals and processing RF signals. The antenna is primarily used for transmitting and receiving RF signals in the form of electromagnetic waves. Input/output devices, such as touchscreens, displays, and keyboards, are primarily used to receive user input data and output data to the user.

The processor 901, transceiver 902, and memory 903 can be connected via a communication bus.

When the communication device is powered on, the processor 901 can read the software program in the memory 903, interpret and execute the instructions of the software program, and process the data of the software program. When data needs to be transmitted wirelessly, the processor 901 performs baseband processing on the data to be transmitted and outputs the baseband signal to the radio frequency (RF) circuit. The RF circuit processes the baseband signal and transmits the RF signal outward in the form of electromagnetic waves through the antenna. When data is sent to the communication device, the RF circuit receives the RF signal through the antenna, converts the RF signal into a baseband signal, and outputs the baseband signal to the processor 901. The processor 901 converts the baseband signal into data and processes the data.

In any of the above designs, the processor 901 may include a communication interface for implementing receiving and transmitting functions. For example, this communication interface may be a transceiver circuit, an interface, or an interface circuit. The transceiver circuit, interface, or interface circuit for implementing receiving and transmitting functions may be separate or integrated. The aforementioned transceiver circuit, interface, or interface circuit can be used for reading and writing code/data, or it can be used for transmitting or relaying signals.

In any of the above designs, the processor 901 may store instructions, which may be a computer program. The computer program, running on the processor 901, causes the communication device 900 to perform the methods described in any of the above embodiments. The computer program may be embedded in the processor 901; in this case, the processor 901 may be implemented in hardware.

In one implementation, the communication device 900 may include circuitry capable of transmitting, receiving, or communicating in any of the foregoing embodiments. The processor and communication interface described in this application can be implemented on integrated circuits (ICs), analog ICs, radio frequency integrated circuits (RFICs), mixed-signal ICs, application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), printed circuit boards (PCBs), electronic devices, etc. The processor and communication interface can also be manufactured using various IC process technologies, such as complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS), n-metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS), positive-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor (PMOS), bipolar junction transistors (BJTs), bipolar CMOS (BiCMOS), silicon-germanium (SiGe), gallium arsenide (GaAs), etc.

In another implementation, the radio frequency circuitry and antenna can be set up independently of the processor performing baseband processing. For example, in a distributed scenario, the radio frequency circuitry and antenna can be arranged remotely, independent of the communication device.

The communication device can be a standalone device or part of a larger device. For example, the communication device could be:

(1) Independent integrated circuit IC, or chip, or chip system or subsystem;

(2) A collection of one or more ICs, optionally including a storage component for storing data and instructions;

(3) ASIC, such as modem;

(4) Modules that can be embedded in other devices;

(5) Receivers, smart terminals, wireless devices, handheld devices, mobile units, vehicle-mounted devices, cloud devices, artificial intelligence devices, etc.;

(6) Others, etc.

Furthermore, processor 901 can be used for, for example, but not limited to, baseband-related processing, and transceiver 902 can be used for, for example, but not limited to, radio frequency transceiver. The aforementioned devices can be disposed on separate chips, or at least partially or entirely on the same chip. For example, the processor can be further divided into analog baseband processors and digital baseband processors. The analog baseband processor can be integrated with the transceiver on the same chip, while the digital baseband processor can be disposed on a separate chip. With the continuous development of integrated circuit technology, more and more devices can be integrated on the same chip. For example, a digital baseband processor can be integrated with multiple application processors (e.g., but not limited to graphics processors, multimedia processors, etc.) on the same chip. Such a chip can be called a system-on-a-chip (SoC). Whether the various devices are disposed independently on different chips or integrated on one or more chips often depends on the specific needs of the product design. This embodiment of the invention does not limit the specific implementation of the aforementioned devices.

This application also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing computer program code. When the processor executes the computer program code, the electronic device performs the method in any of the foregoing embodiments.

This application also provides a computer program product that, when run on a computer, causes the computer to perform the methods in any of the foregoing embodiments.

This application also provides a communication device, which can exist in the form of a chip. The device includes a processor and an interface circuit. The processor is used to communicate with other devices through a receiving circuit, so that the device can execute the method in any of the foregoing embodiments.

This application also provides a communication system, which includes the first communication device and the second communication device described above.

The steps of the methods or algorithms described in this application can be implemented in hardware or by a processor executing software instructions. The software instructions can consist of corresponding software modules, which can be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, portable hard disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor, enabling the processor to read information from and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and the storage medium can reside in an ASIC.

Those skilled in the art will recognize that, in one or more of the examples above, the functions described in this application can be implemented using hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, these functions can be stored in a computer-readable medium or transmitted as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer-readable storage media and communication media, wherein communication media include any medium that facilitates the transmission of a computer program from one place to another. Storage media can be any available medium accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.

Although this application has been described herein in conjunction with various embodiments, those skilled in the art, by reviewing the accompanying drawings, disclosure, and appended claims, will understand and implement other variations of the disclosed embodiments in carrying out the claimed application. In the claims, the word "comprising" does not exclude other components or steps, and "a" or "an" does not exclude multiple instances. A single processor or other unit can implement several functions listed in the claims. While different dependent claims may recite certain measures, this does not mean that these measures cannot be combined to produce good results.

Claims (18)

A communication method, characterized in that the method is applied to a first communication device, the method comprising: The system acquires or receives first information from a second communication device. The first information is used to indicate a first ratio between the per resource unit energy (EPRE) of the pilot signal where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located. Alternatively, the first information is used to indicate the first ratio and a second ratio between the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the second symbol is located. The data is modulated using a single carrier. The pilot signal and the data are sent to the second communication device based on the first information. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first information is determined based on at least one of the following: The channel state information between the first communication device and the second communication device, the transmission distance between the first communication device and the second communication device, the code rate, the modulation order of the single carrier, the position and quantity of the pilot signal on the frequency domain resources of the single carrier, the position and quantity of the data on the frequency domain resources of the single carrier, and the number of empty groups in which the second symbol is located. The method according to claim 1 or 2 is characterized in that the first information is used to indicate the first ratio and the second ratio, the first information and the first ratio have a first mapping relationship, the first information and the second ratio have a second mapping relationship, and the first mapping relationship is different from the second mapping relationship. The method according to claim 3, wherein the first information includes an index number. The method according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the first information includes the modulation order. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 is characterized in that the pilot signal includes a demodulation reference signal DMRS, a phase tracking reference signal PTRS, a probe reference signal SRS, a tracking reference signal TRS, and a CSI-RS. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first information is carried by at least one of the following: System messages, Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Downlink Control Information (DCI), and Media Access Control Unit (MAC CE). A communication method, characterized in that the method is applied to a second communication device, the method comprising: Send first information to a first communication device, the first information being used to indicate a first ratio between the per resource unit energy (EPRE) of the pilot signal where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located, or, the first information being used to indicate the first ratio and a second ratio between the EPRE of the data where the first symbol is located and the EPRE of the data where the second symbol is located, the data being single-carrier modulated; Receive the pilot signal and the data; The data is demodulated based on the pilot signal. The method according to claim 8, wherein the first information is determined based on at least one of the following: Channel state information, transmission distance between the first communication device and the second communication device, code rate, modulation order of the single carrier, position and quantity of the pilot signal on the frequency domain resources of the single carrier, position and quantity of the data on the frequency domain resources of the single carrier, and number of empty groups in which the second symbol is located. The method according to claim 8 or 9 is characterized in that the first information is used to indicate the first ratio and the second ratio, the first information and the first ratio have a first mapping relationship, the first information and the second ratio have a second mapping relationship, and the first mapping relationship is different from the second mapping relationship. The method according to claim 10, wherein the first information includes an index number. The method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the first information includes the modulation order. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 12, wherein the pilot signal includes a demodulation reference signal DMRS, a phase tracking reference signal PTRS, a probe reference signal SRS, a tracking reference signal TRS, and a CSI-RS. The method according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the first information is carried by at least one of the following: System messages, Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling, Downlink Control Information (DCI), and Media Access Control Unit (MAC CE). A communication device, characterized in that it includes a module for performing the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14. A communication device, characterized in that it includes at least one processor coupled to a memory; the at least one processor is used to perform the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14. The communication device according to claim 16 is characterized in that the communication device is a chip or a chip system. A readable storage medium, characterized in that the storage medium stores a computer program or instructions that, when executed by a communication device, implement the method as described in any one of claims 1 to 14.