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WO2025216398A1 - Secondary battery including thermal runaway prevention structure - Google Patents

Secondary battery including thermal runaway prevention structure

Info

Publication number
WO2025216398A1
WO2025216398A1 PCT/KR2024/096792 KR2024096792W WO2025216398A1 WO 2025216398 A1 WO2025216398 A1 WO 2025216398A1 KR 2024096792 W KR2024096792 W KR 2024096792W WO 2025216398 A1 WO2025216398 A1 WO 2025216398A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metal
current collector
insulator
insulator transition
secondary battery
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/KR2024/096792
Other languages
French (fr)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
신지영
고창현
박동규
최경민
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sookmyung Womens University SWU
Original Assignee
Sookmyung Womens University SWU
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from KR1020240047875A external-priority patent/KR20250149320A/en
Priority claimed from KR1020240047876A external-priority patent/KR20250149321A/en
Application filed by Sookmyung Womens University SWU filed Critical Sookmyung Womens University SWU
Publication of WO2025216398A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025216398A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/617—Types of temperature control for achieving uniformity or desired distribution of temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/635—Control systems based on ambient temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/63—Control systems
    • H01M10/637—Control systems characterised by the use of reversible temperature-sensitive devices, e.g. NTC, PTC or bimetal devices; characterised by control of the internal current flowing through the cells, e.g. by switching
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/653—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/654—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells located inside the innermost case of the cells, e.g. mandrels, electrodes or electrolytes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the technical idea of the present invention relates to a secondary battery, and more particularly, to a secondary battery including a thermal runaway prevention structure.
  • Secondary batteries are highly applicable across a wide range of product groups and possess electrical properties such as high energy density. Therefore, they are used in portable devices, electric or hybrid vehicles powered by electrical power sources, and power storage devices. These batteries are attracting attention as a new energy source for environmental friendliness and energy efficiency, as they offer the primary advantage of dramatically reducing fossil fuel use and produce no byproducts from energy use.
  • medium- to large-sized devices such as automobiles require high output and large capacity. Therefore, medium- to large-sized battery modules are used, electrically connecting multiple battery cells. As multiple battery cells are stacked, if the temperature of one battery cell exceeds a certain level, nearby cells may be affected, potentially triggering thermal runaway. This thermal runaway can accelerate and potentially cause battery cell explosion. Therefore, there is a growing demand for technologies that prevent thermal runaway in secondary batteries.
  • the technical problem to be achieved by the technical idea of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery including a thermal runaway prevention structure.
  • a secondary battery may include a battery unit including a cathode, an anode, and a separator; a housing unit that accommodates the battery unit; and an oxygen absorption unit that is disposed on an inner surface of the housing unit and absorbs oxygen inside the housing unit by an oxidation reaction when the temperature rises.
  • the oxygen absorption unit includes a first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ), and when the temperature rises, the first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ) changes into a second vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ), thereby absorbing oxygen inside the housing unit.
  • VO 2 first vanadium oxide
  • V 2 O 5 second vanadium oxide
  • the oxygen absorption portion may be doped with a doping element of 1 wt% to 10 wt%.
  • the device may further include: a first current collector arranged in contact with one side of the cathode; a first metal-insulator transition portion arranged in contact with one side of the first current collector and changing from an insulator to a conductor when the temperature rises; and a first ground portion electrically connected to the first metal-insulator transition portion.
  • the first metal-insulator transition portion is an insulator at a first temperature and changes into a conductor at a second temperature higher than the first temperature, thereby allowing current to flow from the first current collector to the first ground portion.
  • the first metal-insulator transition region may include a first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ).
  • the first metal-insulator transition region may be doped with a doping element of 1 wt% to 10 wt%.
  • a first thermal conductivity control unit may be further included between the first current collector and the first metal-insulator transition unit.
  • the device may further include a second current collector arranged in contact with one side of the anode; a second metal-insulator transition portion arranged in contact with one side of the second current collector and changing from an insulator to a conductor when the temperature rises; and a second ground portion electrically connected to the second metal-insulator transition portion.
  • the second metal-insulator transition portion is an insulator at a first temperature and changes into a conductor at a second temperature higher than the first temperature, thereby allowing current to flow from the second current collector to the second grounding portion.
  • the second metal-insulator transition region may include a first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ).
  • a second heat conduction control unit may be further included between the second current collector and the second metal-insulator transition unit.
  • the device may include: a first current collector arranged in contact with one side of the cathode; a first metal-insulator transition portion arranged in contact with one side of the first current collector and changing from an insulator to a conductor when temperature increases; a first control portion electrically connected to the first metal-insulator transition portion; and a first ground portion electrically connected to the first control portion.
  • the first metal-insulator transition portion is an insulator at a first temperature and changes into a conductor at a second temperature higher than the first temperature to provide a sensing signal to the first control portion, and the first control portion can cause current to flow from the first current collector to the first ground portion in response to the sensing signal.
  • the first metal-insulator transition region may include a first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ).
  • a first thermal conductivity control unit may be further included between the first current collector and the first metal-insulator transition unit.
  • the device may further include: a second current collector arranged in contact with one side of the anode; a second metal-insulator transition portion arranged in contact with one side of the second current collector and changing from an insulator to a conductor when the temperature rises; a second control portion electrically connected to the second metal-insulator transition portion; and a second ground portion electrically connected to the second control portion.
  • the second metal-insulator transition portion is an insulator at a first temperature and changes into a conductor at a second temperature higher than the first temperature to provide a sensing signal to the second control portion, and the second control portion can cause current to flow from the second current collector to the second ground portion based on the sensing signal.
  • the second metal-insulator transition region may include a first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ).
  • a second heat conduction control unit may be further included between the second current collector and the second metal-insulator transition unit.
  • a secondary battery may include a battery unit including a cathode, an anode, and a separator; a first current collector arranged in contact with one side of the cathode; a first metal-insulator transition unit arranged in contact with one side of the first current collector and changing from an insulator to a conductor when temperature increases; and a first ground unit electrically connected to the first metal-insulator transition unit.
  • a secondary battery may include a battery unit including a cathode, an anode, and a separator; a first current collector arranged in contact with one side of the cathode; a first metal-insulator transition unit arranged in contact with one side of the first current collector and changing from an insulator to a conductor when a temperature rises; a first control unit electrically connected to the first metal-insulator transition unit; and a first ground unit electrically connected to the first control unit.
  • the secondary battery according to the technical idea of the present invention includes an oxygen absorption portion made of a metal-insulator transition material such as vanadium oxide as a thermal runaway prevention structure inside the housing portion, so that when the temperature rises, oxygen inside the housing portion is absorbed and removed by an oxidation reaction, thereby preventing thermal runaway.
  • a metal-insulator transition material such as vanadium oxide
  • the secondary battery includes a metal-insulator transition portion made of a metal-insulator transition material such as vanadium oxide as a thermal runaway prevention structure, so that when the temperature rises, it changes into a conductor and allows excess current to flow to the ground portion, thereby preventing thermal runaway.
  • a metal-insulator transition portion made of a metal-insulator transition material such as vanadium oxide as a thermal runaway prevention structure, so that when the temperature rises, it changes into a conductor and allows excess current to flow to the ground portion, thereby preventing thermal runaway.
  • Figures 1 to 4 are schematic diagrams illustrating secondary batteries according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing a battery unit of a secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Thermal runaway in secondary batteries occurs when the temperature within the battery rises abnormally due to factors such as a concentrated current. This causes the solid electrolyte interface and electrolyte to decompose, further increasing the temperature through an exothermic reaction. The cathode and electrolyte then react, and the electrolyte further decomposes, generating oxygen and generating heat. Therefore, to prevent thermal runaway, it is necessary to eliminate overcurrent and the generated oxygen.
  • Figures 1 to 4 are schematic diagrams illustrating secondary batteries according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • a secondary battery (100) may include a battery portion (110), a housing portion (190), and an oxygen absorption portion (180).
  • the battery unit (110) may include a cathode (111), an anode (112), and a separator (113).
  • the battery unit (110) will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 5.
  • the housing portion (190) can accommodate the battery portion (110).
  • the housing portion (190) can be made of metal, for example, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, etc.
  • the oxygen absorption unit (180) may be arranged on the inner surface of the housing unit (190).
  • the oxygen absorption unit (180) may be arranged on the entire inner surface of the housing unit (190) or may be arranged on a portion of the inner surface.
  • the oxygen absorption unit (180) can function as a thermal runaway prevention structure.
  • the oxygen absorption unit (180) can absorb oxygen within the housing unit (190) through an oxidation reaction when the temperature rises.
  • the above oxygen may flow into the secondary battery (100) from the outside due to cracking or may be generated from the electrolyte contained in the battery unit (110).
  • the above oxygen absorption unit (180) may include a first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ).
  • VO 2 first vanadium oxide
  • the first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ) changes into a second vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ) as shown in Equation 1 below, thereby absorbing and removing oxygen within the housing unit (190), thereby preventing thermal runaway.
  • the reaction in which the first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ) is changed into the second vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ) is an endothermic reaction, the temperature can be lowered, and thus thermal runaway can be additionally prevented.
  • the above oxide transition temperature may be, for example, in the range of 400°C to 600°C.
  • the oxygen absorption unit (180) may include a doping element to change the oxide transition element.
  • the oxygen absorption unit (180) may be doped with the doping element at 1 wt% to 10 wt%.
  • the oxygen absorption unit (180) may be doped with, for example, magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), tantalum (Ta), fluorine (F), or a mixture thereof at 1 wt% to 10 wt%, thereby reducing the oxide transition temperature.
  • the oxygen absorption unit (180) may be doped with, for example, chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), or a mixture thereof at 1 wt% to 10 wt%, thereby increasing the oxide transition temperature.
  • the oxide transition temperature may change depending on the structure and process conditions of the oxygen absorption unit (180), and the transition width and hysteresis may also change.
  • the oxide transition temperature can be changed, for example, reduced, by forming a defect in the oxygen absorption portion (180).
  • the secondary battery (100) may further include a first current collector (120), a first metal-insulator transition portion (130), and a first ground portion (140).
  • the housing portion (190) can accommodate a first current collector portion (120), a first metal-insulator transition portion (130), and a first ground portion (140).
  • the first current collector (120) may be arranged in contact with one side of the cathode (111).
  • the first current collector (120) may collect current from the cathode (111).
  • the first current collector (120) may include a conductive material, for example, a metal, for example, aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), or an alloy thereof.
  • the first metal-insulator transition portion (130) may be arranged in contact with one side of the first current collector (120).
  • the cathode (111) and the first metal-insulator transition portion (130) may be arranged on opposite sides with respect to the first current collector (120).
  • the first metal-insulator transition region (130) can function as a thermal runaway prevention structure.
  • the first metal-insulator transition region (130) can change from an insulator to a conductor when the temperature increases.
  • the first metal-insulator transition region (130) is an insulator at a first temperature and can change into a conductor at a second temperature higher than the first temperature.
  • the first temperature can be, for example, a temperature below 60°C, for example, in the range of 0°C to 60°C.
  • the second temperature can be a phase transition temperature at which the metal-insulator transitions from an insulator to a conductor, for example, in the range of 60°C to 80°C, for example, in the range of 65°C to 70°C.
  • the first metal-insulator transition region (130) may include a metal-insulator transition (MIT) material, for example, may include first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ).
  • the first metal-insulator transition region (130) may include a doping element to change the second temperature.
  • the first metal-insulator transition region (130) may be doped with 1 wt% to 10 wt% of the doping element.
  • the first metal-insulator transition region (130) may be doped with, for example, magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), tantalum (Ta), fluorine (F), or a mixture thereof, for example, to reduce the second temperature.
  • the first metal-insulator transition (130) may be doped with, for example, 1 wt% to 10 wt% of chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), or a mixture thereof, thereby increasing the second temperature.
  • the second temperature may change depending on the structure and process conditions of the first metal-insulator transition region (130), and the transition width and hysteresis may also change.
  • the first grounding portion (140) can be electrically connected to the first metal-insulator transition portion (130).
  • the first current collector (120) is electrically connected to the first grounding portion (140), so that current can flow from the first current collector (120) to the first grounding portion (140). Therefore, overcurrent in the battery portion (110) can be removed, thereby preventing thermal runaway.
  • the reaction in which the first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ) changes from an insulator to a conductor is an endothermic reaction, the temperature can be lowered, thereby further preventing thermal runaway.
  • the secondary battery (100) may further include a second current collector (122), a second metal-insulator transition portion (132), and a second ground portion (142).
  • housing portion (190) can accommodate a second current collector (122), a second metal-insulator transition portion (132), and a second ground portion (142).
  • the second current collector (122) may be arranged in contact with one side of the anode (112).
  • the second current collector (122) may collect current from the anode (112).
  • the second current collector (122) may include a conductive material, for example, a metal, for example, aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), or an alloy thereof.
  • the first current collector (120) and the second current collector (122) may include the same material or different materials.
  • the second metal-insulator transition portion (132) may be arranged in contact with one side of the second current collector (122).
  • the anode (112) and the second metal-insulator transition portion (132) may be arranged on opposite sides with respect to the second current collector (122).
  • the second metal-insulator transition region (132) can function as a thermal runaway prevention structure.
  • the second metal-insulator transition region (132) can change from an insulator to a conductor when the temperature increases.
  • the second metal-insulator transition region (132) is an insulator at the first temperature and can change into a conductor at the second temperature that is higher than the first temperature.
  • the first temperature can be, for example, a temperature below 60°C, and can be, for example, in the range of 0°C to 60°C.
  • the second temperature can be, for example, in the range of 60°C to 80°C, and can be, for example, in the range of 65°C to 70°C.
  • the second metal-insulator transition region (132) may include a metal-insulator transition (MIT) material, for example, may include first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ).
  • the second metal-insulator transition region (132) may include a doping element to change the second temperature.
  • the second metal-insulator transition region (132) may be doped with 1 wt% to 10 wt% of the doping element.
  • the second metal-insulator transition region (132) may be doped with, for example, magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), tantalum (Ta), fluorine (F), or a mixture thereof, for example, 1 wt% to 10 wt%, thereby reducing the second temperature.
  • the second metal-insulator transition region (132) may be doped with, for example, 1 wt% to 10 wt% of chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), or a mixture thereof, thereby increasing the second temperature.
  • the second temperature may change depending on the structure and process conditions of the second metal-insulator transition region (132), and the transition width and hysteresis may also change.
  • the second metal-insulator transition region (132) may include the same material as the first metal-insulator transition region (130) or may include different materials.
  • the second grounding portion (142) can be electrically connected to the second metal-insulator transition portion (132).
  • the second current collector (122) can be electrically connected to the second grounding portion (142), so that current can flow from the second current collector (122) to the second grounding portion (142). Therefore, the overcurrent in the battery portion (110) can be removed, thereby preventing thermal runaway.
  • the reaction in which the first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ) changes from an insulator to a conductor is an endothermic reaction, the temperature can be lowered, thereby preventing thermal runaway.
  • the first grounding portion (140) and the second grounding portion (142) may be provided as separate components or as integrated components.
  • the secondary battery (200) may include a battery section (110), a first current collector section (120), a first metal-insulator transition section (130), and a first ground section (140).
  • the secondary battery (200) may further include a second current collector (122), a second metal-insulator transition portion (132), and a second ground portion (142). Components that overlap with those described with reference to Fig. 1 will be omitted.
  • the secondary battery (200) may further include a first thermal conductivity control unit (160) interposed between the first current collector (120) and the first metal-insulator transition unit (130).
  • the first thermal conductivity control unit (160) can control thermal conduction from the first current collector (120) to the first metal-insulator transition unit (130) and may include, for example, an insulator having lower thermal conductivity than metal.
  • the first thermal conductivity control unit (160) may include, for example, ceramic fibers made of an inorganic composite such as glass fibers, silica glass, or alumina.
  • the first heat conduction control unit (160) can slow down the heat conduction from the first current collector (120) to the first metal-insulator transition unit (130), thereby controlling the temperature of the first metal-insulator transition unit (130) to be lower than the temperature of the first current collector (120).
  • the phase transition temperature of the first metal-insulator transition region (130) is 70°C and the allowable temperature of the battery section (110) is a temperature higher than 70°C, for example, 100°C, in the absence of the first thermal conductivity control section (160), when the temperature of the battery section (110) reaches 70°C, current flows to the first ground section (140), which reduces the efficiency of the battery section (110).
  • the first metal-insulator transition region (130) may be treated by doping or the like to increase the phase transition temperature to 100°C, thereby increasing the efficiency of the battery section (110).
  • the efficiency of the battery unit (110) can be increased by slowing down the heat transfer so that the first metal-insulator transition unit (130) reaches the phase transition temperature of 70°C when the battery unit (110) is at 100°C.
  • the secondary battery (200) may further include a second thermal conductivity control unit (162) interposed between the second current collector (122) and the second metal-insulator transition unit (132).
  • the second thermal conductivity control unit (162) can control thermal conduction from the second current collector (122) to the second metal-insulator transition unit (132) and may include, for example, an insulator having lower thermal conductivity than metal.
  • the second thermal conductivity control unit (162) may include, for example, ceramic fibers made of an inorganic composite such as glass fibers, silica glass, or alumina.
  • the second heat conduction control unit (162) can slow down the heat conduction from the second current collector (122) to the second metal-insulator transition unit (132), thereby controlling the temperature of the second metal-insulator transition unit (132) to be lower than the temperature of the second current collector (122).
  • the first heat conduction control unit (160) and the second heat conduction control unit (162) may contain the same material or different materials.
  • the secondary battery (300) may include a battery unit (110), a first current collector (120), a first metal-insulator transition unit (130), a first ground unit (140), and a first control unit (150).
  • the battery unit (110) may include a cathode (111), an anode (112), and a separator (113).
  • the first current collector (120) may be arranged in contact with one side of the cathode (111).
  • the first current collector (120) may collect current from the cathode (111).
  • the first current collector (120) may include a conductive material, for example, a metal, for example, aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), or an alloy thereof.
  • the first metal-insulator transition portion (130) may be arranged in contact with one side of the first current collector (120).
  • the cathode (111) and the first metal-insulator transition portion (130) may be arranged on opposite sides with respect to the first current collector (120).
  • the first metal-insulator transition region (130) can change from an insulator to a conductor when the temperature increases.
  • the first metal-insulator transition region (130) is an insulator at a first temperature and can change into a conductor at a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature.
  • the first temperature can be, for example, a temperature below 60°C, for example, a range from 0°C to 60°C.
  • the second temperature can be a phase transition temperature at which the metal changes from an insulator to a conductor, for example, a range from 60°C to 80°C, for example, a range from 65°C to 70°C.
  • the first metal-insulator transition region (130) may include a metal-insulator transition (MIT) material, for example, may include first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ).
  • the first metal-insulator transition region (130) may include a doping element to change the second temperature.
  • the first metal-insulator transition region (130) may be doped with the above-described doping element at 1 wt% to 10 wt%.
  • the above first metal-insulator transition portion (130) is an insulator at a first temperature and changes into a conductor at a second temperature higher than the first temperature, thereby providing a sensing signal to the first control portion (150).
  • the first grounding unit (140) can be electrically connected to the first control unit (150).
  • the first control unit (150) can be electrically connected to the first metal-insulator transition unit (130).
  • the first control unit (150) can cause current to flow from the first current collector (120) to the first ground unit (140) based on the sensing signal. Therefore, overcurrent within the battery unit (110) can be removed, thereby preventing thermal runaway.
  • the reaction in which the first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ) changes from an insulator to a conductor is an endothermic reaction, the temperature can be lowered, thereby preventing thermal runaway.
  • the first control unit (150) can have a switch configuration.
  • the sensing signal is provided to the first control portion (150), and the first control portion (150) can block the current flowing to the load and allow the current to flow to the first ground portion (140) according to the sensing signal.
  • the secondary battery (300) may further include a second current collector (122), a second metal-insulator transition unit (132), a second control unit (152), and a second ground unit (142).
  • the second current collector (122) may be arranged in contact with one side of the anode (112).
  • the second current collector (122) may collect current from the anode (112).
  • the second current collector (122) may include a conductive material, for example, a metal, for example, aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), or an alloy thereof.
  • the first current collector (120) and the second current collector (122) may include the same material or different materials.
  • the second metal-insulator transition portion (132) may be arranged in contact with one side of the second current collector (122).
  • the anode (112) and the second metal-insulator transition portion (132) may be arranged on opposite sides with respect to the second current collector (122).
  • the second metal-insulator transition region (132) can change from an insulator to a conductor when the temperature increases.
  • the second metal-insulator transition region (132) is an insulator at the first temperature and can change to a conductor at the second temperature that is higher than the first temperature.
  • the first temperature can be, for example, a temperature below 60°C, and can be, for example, in the range of 0°C to 60°C.
  • the second temperature can be a phase transition temperature at which the material changes from an insulator to a conductor, and can be, for example, in the range of 60°C to 80°C, and can be, for example, in the range of 65°C to 70°C.
  • the second metal-insulator transition region (132) may include a metal-insulator transition (MIT) material, for example, vanadium oxide (VO 2 ).
  • the second metal-insulator transition region (132) may include a doping element to change the second temperature.
  • the second metal-insulator transition region (132) may be doped with the above-described doping element at 1 wt% to 10 wt%.
  • the second metal-insulator transition region (132) may include the same material as the first metal-insulator transition region (130) or may include different materials.
  • the second metal-insulator transition portion (132) is an insulator at a first temperature and changes into a conductor at a second temperature higher than the first temperature, thereby providing a sensing signal to the second control portion (152).
  • the second grounding unit (142) can be electrically connected to the second control unit (152).
  • the second control unit (152) can be electrically connected to the second metal-insulator transition unit (132).
  • the second control unit (152) can cause current to flow from the second current collector (122) to the second ground unit (142) based on the sensing signal. Therefore, overcurrent within the battery unit (110) can be removed, thereby preventing thermal runaway.
  • the reaction in which the first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ) changes from an insulator to a conductor is an endothermic reaction, the temperature can be lowered, thereby preventing thermal runaway.
  • the second control unit (152) can have a switch configuration.
  • the sensing signal is provided to the second control portion (152), and the second control portion (152) can block the current flowing to the load and allow the current to flow to the second ground portion (142) according to the sensing signal.
  • the first grounding portion (140) and the second grounding portion (142) may be provided as separate components or as integrated components.
  • the first control unit (150) and the second control unit (152) may be provided as separate components or as integrated components.
  • the secondary battery (400) may include a battery unit (110), a first current collector (120), a first metal-insulator transition unit (130), a first ground unit (140), and a first control unit (150).
  • the secondary battery (400) may further include a second current collector (122), a second metal-insulator transition portion (132), a second ground portion (142), and a second control portion (152). Components that overlap with those described with reference to FIG. 3 will be omitted.
  • the secondary battery (400) may further include a first thermal conductivity control unit (160) interposed between the first current collector (120) and the first metal-insulator transition unit (130).
  • the first thermal conductivity control unit (160) can control thermal conduction from the first current collector (120) to the first metal-insulator transition unit (130), and may include, for example, an insulator having lower thermal conductivity than a metal.
  • the first heat conduction control unit (160) can slow down the heat conduction from the first current collector (120) to the first metal-insulator transition unit (130), thereby controlling the temperature of the first metal-insulator transition unit (130) to be lower than the temperature of the first current collector (120).
  • the secondary battery (400) may further include a second thermal conductivity control unit (162) interposed between the second current collector (122) and the second metal-insulator transition unit (132).
  • the second thermal conductivity control unit (162) can control thermal conduction from the second current collector (122) to the second metal-insulator transition unit (132), and may include, for example, an insulator having lower thermal conductivity than a metal.
  • the second heat conduction control unit (162) can slow down the heat conduction from the second current collector (122) to the second metal-insulator transition unit (132), thereby controlling the temperature of the second metal-insulator transition unit (132) to be lower than the temperature of the second current collector (122).
  • the first heat conduction control unit (160) and the second heat conduction control unit (162) may include the same material.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing a battery unit of a secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the battery unit (110) includes a cathode (111), an anode (112), and a separator (113) arranged alternately.
  • a first separator layer (113_1), a first cathode layer (111_1), a second separator layer (113_2), a first anode layer (112_1), a third separator layer (113_3), a second cathode layer (111_2), a fourth separator layer (113_4), a second anode layer (112_2), and a fifth separator layer (113_5) may be arranged. That is, the separator (113) may be arranged between the cathode (111) and the anode (112) to separate them from each other.
  • the cathode (111), anode (112), and separator (113) each have a sheet shape and may be wound together.
  • the cathode (111) may include a cathode current collector and a cathode active material formed on the cathode current collector.
  • the above positive electrode active material may be a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium (lithiated intercalation compound). Specifically, at least one compound oxide of lithium and a metal such as cobalt, manganese, nickel, or a combination thereof may be used.
  • the above positive electrode active material may include lithium and Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Cr, Fe, Mg, La, Ce, Sr, V, Ti, Mo, Sc, Y, rare earth elements, etc.
  • the cathode (111) includes a binder and may optionally include a conductive material.
  • the above binder serves to adhere the positive electrode active material particles well to each other and also to adhere the positive electrode active material well to the cathode current collector, and representative examples thereof include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, carboxylated polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polymers containing ethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylated styrene-butadiene rubber, epoxy resin, nylon, etc.
  • the above conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and any material that does not cause chemical change and is electronically conductive in the battery to be constructed can be used.
  • any material that does not cause chemical change and is electronically conductive in the battery to be constructed can be used.
  • natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon fiber, metal powders such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver, metal fibers, etc. can be used, and also one or more types of conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives can be used in combination.
  • the anode (112) may include an anode current collector and an anode active material formed on the anode current collector.
  • the anode active material may include a material capable of reversibly intercalating/deintercalating lithium ions, lithium metal, an alloy of lithium metal, a material capable of doping and dedoping lithium, or a transition metal oxide.
  • the material capable of reversibly intercalating/deintercalating the lithium ions may be a carbon material, for example, crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon, or a combination thereof.
  • the crystalline carbon include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite in an amorphous, plate-like, flake-like, spherical, or fibrous form, and examples of the amorphous carbon include soft carbon (low-temperature calcined carbon) or hard carbon, mesophase pitch carbide, calcined coke, etc.
  • lithium metal alloy an alloy of lithium with a metal such as Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Si, Sb, Pb, In, Zn, Ba, Ra, Ge, Al or Sn can be used.
  • a metal such as Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Si, Sb, Pb, In, Zn, Ba, Ra, Ge, Al or Sn
  • Materials capable of doping and dedoping the lithium include Si, SiO, Si-C composites, Si-Q alloys (wherein Q is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a group 13 to 16 element, a transition metal, a rare earth element, or a combination thereof, and is not Si), Sn, SnO2, Sn-C composites, Sn-R (wherein R is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a group 13 to 16 element, a transition metal, a rare earth element, or a combination thereof).
  • transition metal oxides examples include vanadium oxide, lithium vanadium oxide, etc.
  • the anode (112) includes a binder and may optionally include a conductive material.
  • the above binder serves to adhere the negative electrode active material particles well to each other and also to adhere the negative electrode active material well to the anode current collector, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, carboxylated polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polymers containing ethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylated styrene-butadiene rubber, epoxy resin, nylon, etc.
  • the above conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and any material that does not cause chemical changes in the battery to be formed and is electronically conductive can be used.
  • a conductive material including a carbon-based material such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon fiber, etc.; a metal-based material such as metal powder or metal fiber such as copper, nickel, aluminum, silver, etc.; a conductive polymer such as a polyphenylene derivative; or a mixture thereof can be used.
  • the anode current collector may be a copper foil, a nickel foil, a stainless steel foil, a titanium foil, a nickel foam, a copper foam, a polymer substrate coated with a conductive metal, or a combination thereof.
  • a separator (113) can separate the cathode (111) and the anode (112) and provide a passage for lithium ions to move.
  • the separator (113) can include an electrolyte.
  • the above electrolyte may include a non-aqueous organic solvent and a lithium salt.
  • the non-aqueous organic solvent acts as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move.
  • Carbonate-based, ester-based, ether-based, ketone-based, alcohol-based, or aprotic solvents can be used as the non-aqueous organic solvent.
  • the lithium salt is a substance that is dissolved in the non-aqueous organic solvent and acts as a source of lithium ions within the battery, enabling the basic operation of a lithium secondary battery and promoting the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes.
  • Representative examples of the lithium salt may include LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiClO 4 , LiAlO 2 , LiAlCl 4 , LiCl, LiI, LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 or a combination thereof.
  • the secondary battery (100, 200, 300, 400) includes an oxygen absorption unit (180).
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the secondary battery (100, 200, 300, 400) may not include the oxygen absorption unit (180).
  • the first metal-insulator transition unit (130) and/or the second metal-insulator transition unit (132) composed of a metal-insulator transition material are included as a thermal runaway prevention structure, when the temperature rises, they change into conductors to allow excessive current to flow to the first ground unit (140) and/or the second battery unit (142), thereby preventing thermal runaway.
  • Secondary batteries according to the technical concept of the present invention can be implemented in various shapes, such as cylindrical, square, coin-shaped, and pouch-shaped, and can be classified into bulk and thin-film types depending on their size.
  • the structure and manufacturing method of such secondary batteries are widely known in the art, so a detailed description will be omitted.
  • a secondary battery including a thermal runaway prevention structure can be manufactured.

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Abstract

The present invention provides a secondary battery which prevents thermal runaway. A secondary battery according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a battery unit including a cathode, an anode, and a separator; a housing unit which accommodates the battery unit; and an oxygen absorption unit which is disposed on the inner surface of the housing unit and, when the temperature rises, absorbs oxygen inside the housing unit through an oxidation reaction.

Description

열 폭주 방지 구조를 포함하는 이차 전지Secondary battery including thermal runaway prevention structure

본 발명의 기술적 사상은 이차 전지에 관한 것으로서, 보다 상세하게는 열 폭주 방지 구조를 포함하는 이차 전지에 관한 것이다.The technical idea of the present invention relates to a secondary battery, and more particularly, to a secondary battery including a thermal runaway prevention structure.

이차 전지는 제품군에 따른 적용 용이성이 높고, 높은 에너지 밀도 등의 전기적 특성을 가지므로, 휴대용 기기 및 전기적 구동원에 의해 구동하는 전기 자동차 또는 하이브리드 자동차, 전력 저장 장치 등에 응용되고 있다. 이러한 이차 전지는 화석 연료의 사용을 획기적으로 감소시킬 수 있다는 일차적인 장점과 함께 에너지의 사용에 따른 부산물이 전혀 발생되지 않는다는 점에서 친환경 및 에너지 효율성 제고를 위한 새로운 에너지원으로 주목받고 있다.Secondary batteries are highly applicable across a wide range of product groups and possess electrical properties such as high energy density. Therefore, they are used in portable devices, electric or hybrid vehicles powered by electrical power sources, and power storage devices. These batteries are attracting attention as a new energy source for environmental friendliness and energy efficiency, as they offer the primary advantage of dramatically reducing fossil fuel use and produce no byproducts from energy use.

소형 모바일 기기와는 달리, 자동차 등과 같이 중대형 디바이스들에는 고출력 대용량이 필요하다. 따라서, 다수의 전지셀을 전기적으로 연결한 중대형 전지 모듈이 사용된다. 배터리 셀이 다수 적층됨에 따라 하나의 배터리 셀의 온도가 일정 이상으로 상승하면, 인근의 배터리 셀이 그 영향을 받아 열 폭주가 발생할 수 있고, 이러한 열 폭주가 가속되어 배터리 셀이 폭발할 수 있다. 따라서, 이차 전지에서의 열 폭주를 방지하는 기술이 요청되고 있다.Unlike small mobile devices, medium- to large-sized devices such as automobiles require high output and large capacity. Therefore, medium- to large-sized battery modules are used, electrically connecting multiple battery cells. As multiple battery cells are stacked, if the temperature of one battery cell exceeds a certain level, nearby cells may be affected, potentially triggering thermal runaway. This thermal runaway can accelerate and potentially cause battery cell explosion. Therefore, there is a growing demand for technologies that prevent thermal runaway in secondary batteries.

본 발명의 기술적 사상이 이루고자 하는 기술적 과제는 열 폭주 방지 구조를 포함하는 이차 전지를 제공하는 것이다.The technical problem to be achieved by the technical idea of the present invention is to provide a secondary battery including a thermal runaway prevention structure.

그러나 이러한 과제는 예시적인 것으로, 본 발명의 기술적 사상은 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다.However, these tasks are exemplary and the technical idea of the present invention is not limited thereto.

본 발명의 일 측면에 이차 전지는, 캐소드, 애노드, 및 세퍼레이터를 포함하는 전지부; 상기 전지부를 수용하는 하우징부; 상기 하우징부의 내측 표면에 배치되고, 온도가 상승하면 상기 하우징부의 내부의 산소를 산화 반응에 의하여 흡수하는 산소 흡수부를 포함할 수 있다.In one aspect of the present invention, a secondary battery may include a battery unit including a cathode, an anode, and a separator; a housing unit that accommodates the battery unit; and an oxygen absorption unit that is disposed on an inner surface of the housing unit and absorbs oxygen inside the housing unit by an oxidation reaction when the temperature rises.

본 발명의 일 실시예에 있어서, 상기 산소 흡수부는, 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)을 포함하고, 온도가 상승하면 상기 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)이 제2 바나듐 산화물(V2O5)로 변화함에 의하여 상기 하우징부의 내부의 산소를 흡수할 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, the oxygen absorption unit includes a first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ), and when the temperature rises, the first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ) changes into a second vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ), thereby absorbing oxygen inside the housing unit.

본 발명의 일 실시예에 있어서, 상기 산소 흡수부는, 도핑 원소가 1 중량% 내지 10 중량% 도핑될 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, the oxygen absorption portion may be doped with a doping element of 1 wt% to 10 wt%.

본 발명의 일 실시예에 있어서, 상기 캐소드의 일측에 접촉되어 배치된 제1 전류 집진부; 상기 제1 전류 집진부의 일측에 접촉되어 배치되고, 온도가 상승하면 절연체에서 도전체로 변화하는 제1 금속-절연체 전이부; 및 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부에 전기적으로 연결된 제1 접지부를 더 포함할 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, the device may further include: a first current collector arranged in contact with one side of the cathode; a first metal-insulator transition portion arranged in contact with one side of the first current collector and changing from an insulator to a conductor when the temperature rises; and a first ground portion electrically connected to the first metal-insulator transition portion.

본 발명의 일 실시예에 있어서, 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부는, 제1 온도에서 절연체이고, 상기 제1 온도에 비하여 높은 제2 온도에서 도전체로 변화하여 상기 제1 전류 집진부에서 제1 접지부로 전류가 흐르게 할 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, the first metal-insulator transition portion is an insulator at a first temperature and changes into a conductor at a second temperature higher than the first temperature, thereby allowing current to flow from the first current collector to the first ground portion.

본 발명의 일 실시예에 있어서, 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부는, 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)을 포함할 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, the first metal-insulator transition region may include a first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ).

본 발명의 일 실시예에 있어서, 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부는, 도핑 원소가 1 중량% 내지 10 중량% 도핑될 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, the first metal-insulator transition region may be doped with a doping element of 1 wt% to 10 wt%.

본 발명의 일 실시예에 있어서, 상기 제1 전류 집진부와 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부 사이에 개재된 제1 열전도 조절부를 더 포함할 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, a first thermal conductivity control unit may be further included between the first current collector and the first metal-insulator transition unit.

본 발명의 일 실시예에 있어서, 상기 애노드의 일측에 접촉되어 배치된 제2 전류 집진부; 상기 제2 전류 집진부의 일측에 접촉되어 배치되고, 온도가 상승하면 절연체에서 도전체로 변화하는 제2 금속-절연체 전이부; 및 상기 제2 금속-절연체 전이부에 전기적으로 연결된 제2 접지부를 더 포함할 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, the device may further include a second current collector arranged in contact with one side of the anode; a second metal-insulator transition portion arranged in contact with one side of the second current collector and changing from an insulator to a conductor when the temperature rises; and a second ground portion electrically connected to the second metal-insulator transition portion.

본 발명의 일 실시예에 있어서, 상기 제2 금속-절연체 전이부는, 제1 온도에서 절연체이고, 상기 제1 온도에 비하여 높은 제2 온도에서 도전체로 변화하여 상기 제2 전류 집진부에서 제2 접지부로 전류가 흐르게 할 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, the second metal-insulator transition portion is an insulator at a first temperature and changes into a conductor at a second temperature higher than the first temperature, thereby allowing current to flow from the second current collector to the second grounding portion.

본 발명의 일 실시예에 있어서, 상기 제2 금속-절연체 전이부는, 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)을 포함할 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, the second metal-insulator transition region may include a first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ).

본 발명의 일 실시예에 있어서, 상기 제2 전류 집진부와 상기 제2 금속-절연체 전이부 사이에 개재된 제2 열전도 조절부를 더 포함할 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, a second heat conduction control unit may be further included between the second current collector and the second metal-insulator transition unit.

본 발명의 일 실시예에 있어서, 상기 캐소드의 일측에 접촉되어 배치된 제1 전류 집진부; 상기 제1 전류 집진부의 일측에 접촉되어 배치되고, 온도가 상승하면 절연체에서 도전체로 변화하는 제1 금속-절연체 전이부; 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부에 전기적으로 연결된 제1 제어부; 및 상기 제1 제어부에 전기적으로 연결된 제1 접지부를 포함할 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, the device may include: a first current collector arranged in contact with one side of the cathode; a first metal-insulator transition portion arranged in contact with one side of the first current collector and changing from an insulator to a conductor when temperature increases; a first control portion electrically connected to the first metal-insulator transition portion; and a first ground portion electrically connected to the first control portion.

본 발명의 일 실시예에 있어서, 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부는, 제1 온도에서 절연체이고, 상기 제1 온도에 비하여 높은 제2 온도에서 도전체로 변화하여 제1 제어부에 센싱 신호를 제공하고, 상기 제1 제어부는 상기 센싱 신호에 의하여 상기 제1 전류 집진부에서 제1 접지부로 전류가 흐르게 할 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, the first metal-insulator transition portion is an insulator at a first temperature and changes into a conductor at a second temperature higher than the first temperature to provide a sensing signal to the first control portion, and the first control portion can cause current to flow from the first current collector to the first ground portion in response to the sensing signal.

본 발명의 일 실시예에 있어서, 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부는, 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)을 포함할 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, the first metal-insulator transition region may include a first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ).

본 발명의 일 실시예에 있어서, 상기 제1 전류 집진부와 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부 사이에 개재된 제1 열전도 조절부를 더 포함할 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, a first thermal conductivity control unit may be further included between the first current collector and the first metal-insulator transition unit.

본 발명의 일 실시예에 있어서, 상기 애노드의 일측에 접촉되어 배치된 제2 전류 집진부; 상기 제2 전류 집진부의 일측에 접촉되어 배치되고, 온도가 상승하면 절연체에서 도전체로 변화하는 제2 금속-절연체 전이부; 상기 제2 금속-절연체 전이부에 전기적으로 연결된 제2 제어부; 및 상기 제2 제어부에 전기적으로 연결된 제2 접지부를 더 포함할 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, the device may further include: a second current collector arranged in contact with one side of the anode; a second metal-insulator transition portion arranged in contact with one side of the second current collector and changing from an insulator to a conductor when the temperature rises; a second control portion electrically connected to the second metal-insulator transition portion; and a second ground portion electrically connected to the second control portion.

본 발명의 일 실시예에 있어서, 상기 제2 금속-절연체 전이부는, 제1 온도에서 절연체이고, 상기 제1 온도에 비하여 높은 제2 온도에서 도전체로 변화하여 제2 제어부에 센싱 신호를 제공하고, 상기 제2 제어부는 상기 센싱 신호에 의하여 상기 제2 전류 집진부에서 제2 접지부로 전류가 흐르게 할 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, the second metal-insulator transition portion is an insulator at a first temperature and changes into a conductor at a second temperature higher than the first temperature to provide a sensing signal to the second control portion, and the second control portion can cause current to flow from the second current collector to the second ground portion based on the sensing signal.

본 발명의 일 실시예에 있어서, 상기 제2 금속-절연체 전이부는, 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)을 포함할 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, the second metal-insulator transition region may include a first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ).

본 발명의 일 실시예에 있어서, 상기 제2 전류 집진부와 상기 제2 금속-절연체 전이부 사이에 개재된 제2 열전도 조절부를 더 포함할 수 있다.In one embodiment of the present invention, a second heat conduction control unit may be further included between the second current collector and the second metal-insulator transition unit.

본 발명의 다른 측면에 따른 이차 전지는, 캐소드, 애노드, 및 세퍼레이터를 포함하는 전지부; 상기 캐소드의 일측에 접촉되어 배치된 제1 전류 집진부; 상기 제1 전류 집진부의 일측에 접촉되어 배치되고, 온도가 상승하면 절연체에서 도전체로 변화하는 제1 금속-절연체 전이부; 및 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부에 전기적으로 연결된 제1 접지부를 포함할 수 있다.A secondary battery according to another aspect of the present invention may include a battery unit including a cathode, an anode, and a separator; a first current collector arranged in contact with one side of the cathode; a first metal-insulator transition unit arranged in contact with one side of the first current collector and changing from an insulator to a conductor when temperature increases; and a first ground unit electrically connected to the first metal-insulator transition unit.

본 발명의 또 다른 측면에 따른 이차 전지는, 캐소드, 애노드, 및 세퍼레이터를 포함하는 전지부; 상기 캐소드의 일측에 접촉되어 배치된 제1 전류 집진부; 상기 제1 전류 집진부의 일측에 접촉되어 배치되고, 온도가 상승하면 절연체에서 도전체로 변화하는 제1 금속-절연체 전이부; 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부에 전기적으로 연결된 제1 제어부; 및 상기 제1 제어부에 전기적으로 연결된 제1 접지부를 포함할 수 있다.According to another aspect of the present invention, a secondary battery may include a battery unit including a cathode, an anode, and a separator; a first current collector arranged in contact with one side of the cathode; a first metal-insulator transition unit arranged in contact with one side of the first current collector and changing from an insulator to a conductor when a temperature rises; a first control unit electrically connected to the first metal-insulator transition unit; and a first ground unit electrically connected to the first control unit.

본 발명의 기술적 사상에 따른 이차 전지는 상기 하우징부의 내부에 바나듐 산화물 등과 같은 금속-절연체 전이 물질로 구성된 산소 흡수부를 열 폭주 방지 구조로서 포함함에 따라, 온도가 상승하면 상기 하우징부의 내부의 산소를 산화 반응에 의하여 흡수하여 제거하여 열 폭주를 방지할 수 있다.The secondary battery according to the technical idea of the present invention includes an oxygen absorption portion made of a metal-insulator transition material such as vanadium oxide as a thermal runaway prevention structure inside the housing portion, so that when the temperature rises, oxygen inside the housing portion is absorbed and removed by an oxidation reaction, thereby preventing thermal runaway.

또한, 상기 이차 전지는, 바나듐 산화물 등과 같은 금속-절연체 전이 물질로 구성된 금속-절연체 전이부를 열 폭주 방지 구조로서 포함함에 따라, 온도가 상승하면 도전체로 변화하여 과전류를 접지부로 흐르게 하여 열 폭주를 방지할 수 있다.In addition, the secondary battery includes a metal-insulator transition portion made of a metal-insulator transition material such as vanadium oxide as a thermal runaway prevention structure, so that when the temperature rises, it changes into a conductor and allows excess current to flow to the ground portion, thereby preventing thermal runaway.

상술한 본 발명의 효과들은 예시적으로 기재되었고, 이러한 효과들에 의해 본 발명의 범위가 한정되는 것은 아니다.The effects of the present invention described above are illustrative, and the scope of the present invention is not limited by these effects.

도 1 내지 도 4는 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 이차 전지들을 도시하는 개략도이다.Figures 1 to 4 are schematic diagrams illustrating secondary batteries according to one embodiment of the present invention.

도 5는 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 이차 전지의 전지부를 도시하는 개략도이다.Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing a battery unit of a secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.

이하, 첨부된 도면을 참조하여 본 발명의 바람직한 실시예를 상세히 설명하기로 한다. 본 발명의 실시예들은 당해 기술 분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게 본 발명의 기술적 사상을 더욱 완전하게 설명하기 위하여 제공되는 것이며, 하기 실시예는 여러 가지 다른 형태로 변형될 수 있으며, 본 발명의 기술적 사상의 범위가 하기 실시예에 한정되는 것은 아니다. 오히려, 이들 실시예는 본 개시를 더욱 충실하고 완전하게 하고, 당업자에게 본 발명의 기술적 사상을 완전하게 전달하기 위하여 제공되는 것이다. 본 명세서에서 동일한 부호는 시종 동일한 요소를 의미한다. 나아가, 도면에서의 다양한 요소와 영역은 개략적으로 그려진 것이다. 따라서, 본 발명의 기술적 사상은 첨부한 도면에 그려진 상대적인 크기나 간격에 의해 제한되지 않는다. Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. Embodiments of the present invention are provided to more completely explain the technical idea of the present invention to those skilled in the art. The following embodiments may be modified in various different forms, and the scope of the technical idea of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. Rather, these embodiments are provided to more faithfully and completely convey the technical idea of the present invention to those skilled in the art. Like reference numerals throughout this specification denote like elements. Furthermore, various elements and areas in the drawings are schematically drawn. Therefore, the technical idea of the present invention is not limited by the relative sizes or intervals drawn in the attached drawings.

이차 전지에서의 열 폭주 현상은, 전류가 집중되는 등의 원인에 의하여 이차 전지 내에서 비정상적으로 온도가 상승하면, 고체 전해질 계면(solid electrolyte interface)과 전해질이 분해되어 발열 반응에 의하여 온도가 더욱 상승하게 되고, 양극과 전해질이 반응하고, 더 나아가 전해질이 분해되어 산소를 발생하게 되어 발열하는 것이다. 따라서, 열 폭주 현상을 방지하기 위하여는 과전류를 제거하고 발생하는 산소를 제거할 필요가 있다.Thermal runaway in secondary batteries occurs when the temperature within the battery rises abnormally due to factors such as a concentrated current. This causes the solid electrolyte interface and electrolyte to decompose, further increasing the temperature through an exothermic reaction. The cathode and electrolyte then react, and the electrolyte further decomposes, generating oxygen and generating heat. Therefore, to prevent thermal runaway, it is necessary to eliminate overcurrent and the generated oxygen.

도 1 내지 도 4는 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 이차 전지들을 도시하는 개략도이다.Figures 1 to 4 are schematic diagrams illustrating secondary batteries according to one embodiment of the present invention.

도 1을 참조하면, 이차 전지(100)는 전지부(110), 하우징부(190), 및 산소 흡수부(180)를 포함할 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 1, a secondary battery (100) may include a battery portion (110), a housing portion (190), and an oxygen absorption portion (180).

전지부(110)는 캐소드(111), 애노드(112), 및 세퍼레이터(113)를 포함할 수 있다. 전지부(110)에 대하여는 도 5를 참조하여 상세하게 설명하기로 한다.The battery unit (110) may include a cathode (111), an anode (112), and a separator (113). The battery unit (110) will be described in detail with reference to FIG. 5.

하우징부(190)는 전지부(110)를 수용할 수 있다. 하우징부(190)는 금속으로 구성될 수 있고, 예를 들어 알루미늄, 알루미늄 합금 등으로 구성될 수 있다.The housing portion (190) can accommodate the battery portion (110). The housing portion (190) can be made of metal, for example, aluminum, an aluminum alloy, etc.

산소 흡수부(180)는 상기 하우징부(190)의 내측 표면에 배치될 수 있다. 산소 흡수부(180)는 상기 하우징부(190)의 내측 표면에 전면적으로 배치되거나 또는 내측 표면의 일부에 배치될 수 있다.The oxygen absorption unit (180) may be arranged on the inner surface of the housing unit (190). The oxygen absorption unit (180) may be arranged on the entire inner surface of the housing unit (190) or may be arranged on a portion of the inner surface.

산소 흡수부(180)는 열 폭주 방지 구조로서 기능할 수 있다. 산소 흡수부(180)는 온도가 상승하면 상기 하우징부(190) 내의 산소를 산화 반응에 의하여 흡수할 수 있다. The oxygen absorption unit (180) can function as a thermal runaway prevention structure. The oxygen absorption unit (180) can absorb oxygen within the housing unit (190) through an oxidation reaction when the temperature rises.

상기 산소는 크랙 발생에 의하여 외부에서 이차 전지(100) 내부로 유입되거나 또는 전지부(110)에 포함된 전해액으로부터 발생할 수 있다.The above oxygen may flow into the secondary battery (100) from the outside due to cracking or may be generated from the electrolyte contained in the battery unit (110).

상기 산소 흡수부(180)는, 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)을 포함할 수 있다. 온도가 상승하여 산화물 전이 온도에 도달하면, 하기의 식 1과 같이 상기 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)이 제2 바나듐 산화물(V2O5)로 변화함에 의하여 상기 하우징부(190) 내의 산소를 흡수하여 제거할 수 있고, 이에 따라 열 폭주를 방지할 수 있다. The above oxygen absorption unit (180) may include a first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ). When the temperature rises and reaches the oxide transition temperature, the first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ) changes into a second vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ) as shown in Equation 1 below, thereby absorbing and removing oxygen within the housing unit (190), thereby preventing thermal runaway.

[식 1] 4VO2 + O2 -> 2V2O5 [Formula 1] 4VO 2 + O 2 -> 2V 2 O 5

또한, 상기 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)이 상기 제2 바나듐 산화물(V2O5)로 변화되는 반응은 흡열 반응이므로, 온도를 저하시킬 수 있고, 따라서 열 폭주를 추가적으로 방지할 수 있다.In addition, since the reaction in which the first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ) is changed into the second vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ) is an endothermic reaction, the temperature can be lowered, and thus thermal runaway can be additionally prevented.

상기 산화물 전이 온도는, 예를 들어 400℃ 내지 600℃ 범위일 수 있다.The above oxide transition temperature may be, for example, in the range of 400°C to 600°C.

상기 산소 흡수부(180)는 도핑 원소를 포함하여, 상기 산화물 전이 원소를 변화시킬 수 있다. 예를 들어, 상기 산소 흡수부(180)는 상기 도핑 원소가 1 중량% 내지 10 중량% 도핑될 수 있다. 산소 흡수부(180)는, 예를 들어 마그네슘(Mg), 구리(Cu), 아연(Zn), 텅스텐(W), 니오븀(Nb), 몰리브덴(Mo), 탄탈륨(Ta), 불소(F), 또는 이들의 혼합물이 1 중량% 내지 10 중량% 도핑될 수 있고, 이에 따라 상기 산화물 전이 온도를 감소시킬 수 있다. 또는, 산소 흡수부(180)는, 예를 들어 크롬(Cr), 철(Fe), 또는 이들의 혼합물이 1 중량% 내지 10 중량% 도핑될 수 있고, 이에 따라 상기 산화물 전이 온도를 증가시킬 수 있다.The oxygen absorption unit (180) may include a doping element to change the oxide transition element. For example, the oxygen absorption unit (180) may be doped with the doping element at 1 wt% to 10 wt%. The oxygen absorption unit (180) may be doped with, for example, magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), tantalum (Ta), fluorine (F), or a mixture thereof at 1 wt% to 10 wt%, thereby reducing the oxide transition temperature. Alternatively, the oxygen absorption unit (180) may be doped with, for example, chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), or a mixture thereof at 1 wt% to 10 wt%, thereby increasing the oxide transition temperature.

또한, 산소 흡수부(180)의 구조와 공정 조건에 따라 상기 산화물 전이 온도가 변화될 수 있고, 또한 전이 폭(transition width) 및 히스테리시스(hysteresis)가 변화될 수 있다.In addition, the oxide transition temperature may change depending on the structure and process conditions of the oxygen absorption unit (180), and the transition width and hysteresis may also change.

또한, 상기 산소 흡수부(180)에 결함을 형성하여 상기 산화물 전이 온도를 변화시킬 수 있고, 예를 들어 감소시킬 수 있다.Additionally, the oxide transition temperature can be changed, for example, reduced, by forming a defect in the oxygen absorption portion (180).

이차 전지(100)는, 제1 전류 집진부(120), 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130), 및 제1 접지부(140)를 더 포함할 수 있다.The secondary battery (100) may further include a first current collector (120), a first metal-insulator transition portion (130), and a first ground portion (140).

하우징부(190)는 제1 전류 집진부(120), 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130), 및 제1 접지부(140)를 수용할 수 있다.The housing portion (190) can accommodate a first current collector portion (120), a first metal-insulator transition portion (130), and a first ground portion (140).

제1 전류 집진부(120)는 캐소드(111)의 일측에 접촉되어 배치될 수 있다. 제1 전류 집진부(120)는 캐소드(111)로부터 전류를 집진할 수 있다. 제1 전류 집진부(120)는 도전물을 포함할 수 있고, 예를 들어 금속을 포함할 수 있고, 예를 들어 알루미늄(Al), 구리(Cu), 또는 이들의 합금을 포함할 수 있다.The first current collector (120) may be arranged in contact with one side of the cathode (111). The first current collector (120) may collect current from the cathode (111). The first current collector (120) may include a conductive material, for example, a metal, for example, aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), or an alloy thereof.

제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)는 제1 전류 집진부(120)의 일측에 접촉되어 배치될 수 있다. 제1 전류 집진부(120)를 기준으로 캐소드(111)와 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)는 서로 반대인 측에 배치될 수 있다. The first metal-insulator transition portion (130) may be arranged in contact with one side of the first current collector (120). The cathode (111) and the first metal-insulator transition portion (130) may be arranged on opposite sides with respect to the first current collector (120).

제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)는 열 폭주 방지 구조로서 기능할 수 있다. 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)는 온도가 상승하면 절연체에서 도전체로 변화할 수 있다. 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)는, 제1 온도에서 절연체이고, 상기 제1 온도에 비하여 높은 제2 온도에서 도전체로 변화할 수 있다. 상기 제1 온도는, 예를 들어 60℃ 미만의 온도일 수 있고, 예를 들어 0℃ 내지 60℃ 범위일 수 있다. 상기 제2 온도는 절연체와 도전체로 변화되는 상전이 온도일 수 있고, 예를 들어 60℃ 내지 80℃ 범위일 수 있고, 예를 들어 65℃ 내지 70℃ 범위일 수 있다.The first metal-insulator transition region (130) can function as a thermal runaway prevention structure. The first metal-insulator transition region (130) can change from an insulator to a conductor when the temperature increases. The first metal-insulator transition region (130) is an insulator at a first temperature and can change into a conductor at a second temperature higher than the first temperature. The first temperature can be, for example, a temperature below 60°C, for example, in the range of 0°C to 60°C. The second temperature can be a phase transition temperature at which the metal-insulator transitions from an insulator to a conductor, for example, in the range of 60°C to 80°C, for example, in the range of 65°C to 70°C.

제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)는 MIT(metal-insulator transition) 물질을 포함할 수 있고, 예를 들어 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)을 포함할 수 있다. 또한, 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)는 도핑 원소를 포함하여, 상기 제2 온도를 변화시킬 수 있다. 예를 들어, 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)는 상기 도핑 원소가 1 중량% 내지 10 중량% 도핑될 수 있다. 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)는, 예를 들어 마그네슘(Mg), 구리(Cu), 아연(Zn), 텅스텐(W), 니오븀(Nb), 몰리브덴(Mo), 탄탈륨(Ta), 불소(F), 또는 이들의 혼합물이 1 중량% 내지 10 중량% 도핑될 수 있고, 이에 따라 상기 제2 온도를 감소시킬 수 있다. 또는, 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)는, 예를 들어 크롬(Cr), 철(Fe), 또는 이들의 혼합물이 1 중량% 내지 10 중량% 도핑될 수 있고, 이에 따라 상기 제2 온도를 증가시킬 수 있다.The first metal-insulator transition region (130) may include a metal-insulator transition (MIT) material, for example, may include first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ). In addition, the first metal-insulator transition region (130) may include a doping element to change the second temperature. For example, the first metal-insulator transition region (130) may be doped with 1 wt% to 10 wt% of the doping element. The first metal-insulator transition region (130) may be doped with, for example, magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), tantalum (Ta), fluorine (F), or a mixture thereof, for example, to reduce the second temperature. Alternatively, the first metal-insulator transition (130) may be doped with, for example, 1 wt% to 10 wt% of chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), or a mixture thereof, thereby increasing the second temperature.

또한, 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)의 구조와 공정 조건에 따라 상기 제2 온도가 변화될 수 있고, 또한 전이 폭(transition width) 및 히스테리시스(hysteresis)가 변화될 수 있다.Additionally, the second temperature may change depending on the structure and process conditions of the first metal-insulator transition region (130), and the transition width and hysteresis may also change.

제1 접지부(140)는 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)에 전기적으로 연결될 수 있다. 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)가 온도가 증가되어 도전체로 변화되면, 제1 전류 집진부(120)가 제1 접지부(140)와 전기적으로 연결되어, 제1 전류 집진부(120)에서 제1 접지부(140)로 전류가 흐르게 할 수 있다. 따라서, 전지부(110) 내의 과전류를 제거할 수 있으므로, 열 폭주를 방지할 수 있다. 또한, 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)이 절연체에서 도전체로 변화되는 반응은 흡열 반응이므로, 온도를 저하시킬 수 있고, 따라서 열 폭주를 추가적으로 방지할 수 있다.The first grounding portion (140) can be electrically connected to the first metal-insulator transition portion (130). When the first metal-insulator transition portion (130) is heated and changes into a conductor, the first current collector (120) is electrically connected to the first grounding portion (140), so that current can flow from the first current collector (120) to the first grounding portion (140). Therefore, overcurrent in the battery portion (110) can be removed, thereby preventing thermal runaway. In addition, since the reaction in which the first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ) changes from an insulator to a conductor is an endothermic reaction, the temperature can be lowered, thereby further preventing thermal runaway.

또한, 이차 전지(100)는, 제2 전류 집진부(122), 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132), 및 제2 접지부(142)를 더 포함할 수 있다. Additionally, the secondary battery (100) may further include a second current collector (122), a second metal-insulator transition portion (132), and a second ground portion (142).

또한, 하우징부(190)는 제2 전류 집진부(122), 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132), 및 제2 접지부(142)를 수용할 수 있다.Additionally, the housing portion (190) can accommodate a second current collector (122), a second metal-insulator transition portion (132), and a second ground portion (142).

제2 전류 집진부(122)는 애노드(112)의 일측에 접촉되어 배치될 수 있다. 제2 전류 집진부(122)는 애노드(112)로부터 전류를 집진할 수 있다. 제2 전류 집진부(122)는 도전물을 포함할 수 있고, 예를 들어 금속을 포함할 수 있고, 예를 들어 알루미늄(Al), 구리(Cu), 또는 이들의 합금을 포함할 수 있다. 제1 전류 집진부(120)와 제2 전류 집진부(122)는 동일한 물질을 포함하거나 또는 서로 다른 물질을 포함할 수 있다.The second current collector (122) may be arranged in contact with one side of the anode (112). The second current collector (122) may collect current from the anode (112). The second current collector (122) may include a conductive material, for example, a metal, for example, aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), or an alloy thereof. The first current collector (120) and the second current collector (122) may include the same material or different materials.

제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는 제2 전류 집진부(122)의 일측에 접촉되어 배치될 수 있다. 제2 전류 집진부(122)를 기준으로 애노드(112)와 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는 서로 반대인 측에 배치될 수 있다. The second metal-insulator transition portion (132) may be arranged in contact with one side of the second current collector (122). The anode (112) and the second metal-insulator transition portion (132) may be arranged on opposite sides with respect to the second current collector (122).

제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는 열 폭주 방지 구조로서 기능할 수 있다. 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는 온도가 상승하면 절연체에서 도전체로 변화할 수 있다. 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는, 상기 제1 온도에서 절연체이고, 상기 제1 온도에 비하여 높은 상기 제2 온도에서 도전체로 변화할 수 있다. 상기 제1 온도는, 예를 들어 60℃ 미만의 온도일 수 있고, 예를 들어 0℃ 내지 60℃ 범위일 수 있다. 상기 제2 온도는, 예를 들어 60℃ 내지 80℃ 범위일 수 있고, 예를 들어 65℃ 내지 70℃ 범위일 수 있다.The second metal-insulator transition region (132) can function as a thermal runaway prevention structure. The second metal-insulator transition region (132) can change from an insulator to a conductor when the temperature increases. The second metal-insulator transition region (132) is an insulator at the first temperature and can change into a conductor at the second temperature that is higher than the first temperature. The first temperature can be, for example, a temperature below 60°C, and can be, for example, in the range of 0°C to 60°C. The second temperature can be, for example, in the range of 60°C to 80°C, and can be, for example, in the range of 65°C to 70°C.

제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는 MIT(metal-insulator transition) 물질을 포함할 수 있고, 예를 들어 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)을 포함할 수 있다. 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는 도핑 원소를 포함하여, 상기 제2 온도를 변화시킬 수 있다. 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는, 상기 도핑 원소가 1 중량% 내지 10 중량% 도핑될 수 있다. 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는, 예를 들어 마그네슘(Mg), 구리(Cu), 아연(Zn), 텅스텐(W), 니오븀(Nb), 몰리브덴(Mo), 탄탈륨(Ta), 불소(F), 또는 이들의 혼합물이 1 중량% 내지 10 중량% 도핑될 수 있고, 이에 따라 상기 제2 온도를 감소시킬 수 있다. 또는, 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는, 예를 들어 크롬(Cr), 철(Fe), 또는 이들의 혼합물이 1 중량% 내지 10 중량% 도핑될 수 있고, 이에 따라 상기 제2 온도를 증가시킬 수 있다. The second metal-insulator transition region (132) may include a metal-insulator transition (MIT) material, for example, may include first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ). The second metal-insulator transition region (132) may include a doping element to change the second temperature. The second metal-insulator transition region (132) may be doped with 1 wt% to 10 wt% of the doping element. The second metal-insulator transition region (132) may be doped with, for example, magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), molybdenum (Mo), tantalum (Ta), fluorine (F), or a mixture thereof, for example, 1 wt% to 10 wt%, thereby reducing the second temperature. Alternatively, the second metal-insulator transition region (132) may be doped with, for example, 1 wt% to 10 wt% of chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), or a mixture thereof, thereby increasing the second temperature.

또한, 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)의 구조와 공정 조건에 따라 상기 제2 온도가 변화될 수 있고, 또한 전이 폭(transition width) 및 히스테리시스(hysteresis)가 변화될 수 있다.Additionally, the second temperature may change depending on the structure and process conditions of the second metal-insulator transition region (132), and the transition width and hysteresis may also change.

제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)와 동일한 물질을 포함하거나 또는 서로 다른 물질을 포함할 수 있다.The second metal-insulator transition region (132) may include the same material as the first metal-insulator transition region (130) or may include different materials.

제2 접지부(142)는 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)에 전기적으로 연결될 수 있다. 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)가 온도가 증가되어 도전체로 변화되면, 제2 전류 집진부(122)가 제2 접지부(142)와 전기적으로 연결되어, 제2 전류 집진부(122)에서 제2 접지부(142)로 전류가 흐르게 할 수 있다. 따라서, 전지부(110) 내의 과전류를 제거할 수 있으므로, 열 폭주를 방지할 수 있다. 또한, 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)이 절연체에서 도전체로 변화되는 반응은 흡열 반응이므로, 온도를 저하시킬 수 있고, 따라서 열 폭주를 방지할 수 있다. The second grounding portion (142) can be electrically connected to the second metal-insulator transition portion (132). When the second metal-insulator transition portion (132) increases in temperature and changes into a conductor, the second current collector (122) can be electrically connected to the second grounding portion (142), so that current can flow from the second current collector (122) to the second grounding portion (142). Therefore, the overcurrent in the battery portion (110) can be removed, thereby preventing thermal runaway. In addition, since the reaction in which the first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ) changes from an insulator to a conductor is an endothermic reaction, the temperature can be lowered, thereby preventing thermal runaway.

제1 접지부(140)와 제2 접지부(142)는 별개의 구성 요소로서 구비되거나 또는 통합된 구성 요소로서 구비될 수 있다.The first grounding portion (140) and the second grounding portion (142) may be provided as separate components or as integrated components.

도 2를 참조하면, 이차 전지(200)는, 전지부(110), 제1 전류 집진부(120), 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130), 및 제1 접지부(140)를 포함할 수 있다. Referring to FIG. 2, the secondary battery (200) may include a battery section (110), a first current collector section (120), a first metal-insulator transition section (130), and a first ground section (140).

또한, 이차 전지(200)는, 제2 전류 집진부(122), 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132), 및 제2 접지부(142)를 더 포함할 수 있다. 도 1을 참조하여 설명한 구성 요소와 중복되는 구성 요소에 대하여는 생략하기로 한다.In addition, the secondary battery (200) may further include a second current collector (122), a second metal-insulator transition portion (132), and a second ground portion (142). Components that overlap with those described with reference to Fig. 1 will be omitted.

또한, 이차 전지(200)는, 제1 전류 집진부(120)와 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130) 사이에 개재된 제1 열전도 조절부(160)를 더 포함할 수 있다.Additionally, the secondary battery (200) may further include a first thermal conductivity control unit (160) interposed between the first current collector (120) and the first metal-insulator transition unit (130).

제1 열전도 조절부(160)는 제1 전류 집진부(120)로부터 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)로의 열전도를 제어할 수 있고, 예를 들어 금속에 비하여 낮은 열전도도를 가지는 절연물을 포함할 수 있다. 제1 열전도 조절부(160)는, 예를 들어 유리 섬유, 실리카 유리, 또는 알루미나 등과 같은 무기 복합체로 이루어진 세라믹섬유를 포함할 수 있다.The first thermal conductivity control unit (160) can control thermal conduction from the first current collector (120) to the first metal-insulator transition unit (130) and may include, for example, an insulator having lower thermal conductivity than metal. The first thermal conductivity control unit (160) may include, for example, ceramic fibers made of an inorganic composite such as glass fibers, silica glass, or alumina.

제1 열전도 조절부(160)는, 제1 전류 집진부(120)로부터 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)로의 열전도를 느리게 하여, 제1 전류 집진부(120)의 온도에 비하여 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)의 온도가 낮게 제어할 수 있다. The first heat conduction control unit (160) can slow down the heat conduction from the first current collector (120) to the first metal-insulator transition unit (130), thereby controlling the temperature of the first metal-insulator transition unit (130) to be lower than the temperature of the first current collector (120).

예를 들어, 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)의 상전이 온도가 70℃이고, 전지부(110)의 허용 온도가 70℃에 비하여 높은 온도, 예를 들어 100℃인 경우에, 제1 열전도 조절부(160)가 없는 경우에는 전지부(110)의 온도가 70℃에 도달하면, 전류가 제1 접지부(140)로 흐르게 되어 전지부(110)의 효율이 저하되게 된다. 이때에 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)를 도핑 등으로 처리하여 상전이 온도를 100℃로 상승시켜 전지부(110)의 효율을 증가시킬 수 있다. 다른 방법으로는, 제1 열전도 조절부(160)를 더 포함함에 따라, 열전달을 느리게 하여 전지부(110)가 100℃일때에 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)가 상전이 온도인 70℃에 도달하게 함으로써, 전지부(110)의 효율을 증가시킬 수 있다. For example, if the phase transition temperature of the first metal-insulator transition region (130) is 70°C and the allowable temperature of the battery section (110) is a temperature higher than 70°C, for example, 100°C, in the absence of the first thermal conductivity control section (160), when the temperature of the battery section (110) reaches 70°C, current flows to the first ground section (140), which reduces the efficiency of the battery section (110). At this time, the first metal-insulator transition region (130) may be treated by doping or the like to increase the phase transition temperature to 100°C, thereby increasing the efficiency of the battery section (110). Alternatively, by further including the first heat conduction control unit (160), the efficiency of the battery unit (110) can be increased by slowing down the heat transfer so that the first metal-insulator transition unit (130) reaches the phase transition temperature of 70°C when the battery unit (110) is at 100°C.

또한, 이차 전지(200)는, 제2 전류 집진부(122)와 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132) 사이에 개재된 제2 열전도 조절부(162)를 더 포함할 수 있다. Additionally, the secondary battery (200) may further include a second thermal conductivity control unit (162) interposed between the second current collector (122) and the second metal-insulator transition unit (132).

제2 열전도 조절부(162)는 제2 전류 집진부(122)로부터 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)로의 열전도를 제어할 수 있고, 예를 들어 금속에 비하여 낮은 열전도도를 가지는 절연물을 포함할 수 있다. 제2 열전도 조절부(162)는, 예를 들어 유리 섬유, 실리카 유리, 또는 알루미나 등과 같은 무기 복합체로 이루어진 세라믹섬유를 포함할 수 있다.The second thermal conductivity control unit (162) can control thermal conduction from the second current collector (122) to the second metal-insulator transition unit (132) and may include, for example, an insulator having lower thermal conductivity than metal. The second thermal conductivity control unit (162) may include, for example, ceramic fibers made of an inorganic composite such as glass fibers, silica glass, or alumina.

제2 열전도 조절부(162)는, 제2 전류 집진부(122)로부터 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)로의 열전도를 느리게 하여, 제2 전류 집진부(122)의 온도에 비하여 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)의 온도가 낮게 제어할 수 있다. The second heat conduction control unit (162) can slow down the heat conduction from the second current collector (122) to the second metal-insulator transition unit (132), thereby controlling the temperature of the second metal-insulator transition unit (132) to be lower than the temperature of the second current collector (122).

제1 열전도 조절부(160)와 제2 열전도 조절부(162)는 동일한 물질을 포함하거나 또는 서로 다른 물질을 포함할 수 있다.The first heat conduction control unit (160) and the second heat conduction control unit (162) may contain the same material or different materials.

도 3을 참조하면, 이차 전지(300)는, 전지부(110), 제1 전류 집진부(120), 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130), 제1 접지부(140), 및 제1 제어부(150)를 포함할 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 3, the secondary battery (300) may include a battery unit (110), a first current collector (120), a first metal-insulator transition unit (130), a first ground unit (140), and a first control unit (150).

전지부(110)는 캐소드(111), 애노드(112), 및 세퍼레이터(113)를 포함할 수 있다. The battery unit (110) may include a cathode (111), an anode (112), and a separator (113).

제1 전류 집진부(120)는 캐소드(111)의 일측에 접촉되어 배치될 수 있다. 제1 전류 집진부(120)는 캐소드(111)로부터 전류를 집진할 수 있다. 제1 전류 집진부(120)는 도전물을 포함할 수 있고, 예를 들어 금속을 포함할 수 있고, 예를 들어 알루미늄(Al), 구리(Cu), 또는 이들의 합금을 포함할 수 있다.The first current collector (120) may be arranged in contact with one side of the cathode (111). The first current collector (120) may collect current from the cathode (111). The first current collector (120) may include a conductive material, for example, a metal, for example, aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), or an alloy thereof.

제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)는 제1 전류 집진부(120)의 일측에 접촉되어 배치될 수 있다. 제1 전류 집진부(120)를 기준으로 캐소드(111)와 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)는 서로 반대인 측에 배치될 수 있다. The first metal-insulator transition portion (130) may be arranged in contact with one side of the first current collector (120). The cathode (111) and the first metal-insulator transition portion (130) may be arranged on opposite sides with respect to the first current collector (120).

제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)는 온도가 상승하면 절연체에서 도전체로 변화할 수 있다. 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)는, 제1 온도에서 절연체이고, 상기 제1 온도에 비하여 높은 제2 온도에서 도전체로 변화할 수 있다. 상기 제1 온도는, 예를 들어 60℃ 미만의 온도일 수 있고, 예를 들어 0℃ 내지 60℃ 범위일 수 있다. 상기 제2 온도는 절연체와 도전체로 변화되는 상전이 온도일 수 있고, 예를 들어 60℃ 내지 80℃ 범위일 수 있고, 예를 들어 65℃ 내지 70℃ 범위일 수 있다.The first metal-insulator transition region (130) can change from an insulator to a conductor when the temperature increases. The first metal-insulator transition region (130) is an insulator at a first temperature and can change into a conductor at a second temperature that is higher than the first temperature. The first temperature can be, for example, a temperature below 60°C, for example, a range from 0°C to 60°C. The second temperature can be a phase transition temperature at which the metal changes from an insulator to a conductor, for example, a range from 60°C to 80°C, for example, a range from 65°C to 70°C.

제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)는 MIT(metal-insulator transition) 물질을 포함할 수 있고, 예를 들어 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)을 포함할 수 있다. 또한, 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)는 도핑 원소를 포함하여, 상기 제2 온도를 변화시킬 수 있다. 예를 들어, 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)는 상술한 도핑 원소가 1 중량% 내지 10 중량% 도핑될 수 있다.The first metal-insulator transition region (130) may include a metal-insulator transition (MIT) material, for example, may include first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ). In addition, the first metal-insulator transition region (130) may include a doping element to change the second temperature. For example, the first metal-insulator transition region (130) may be doped with the above-described doping element at 1 wt% to 10 wt%.

상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)는, 제1 온도에서 절연체이고, 상기 제1 온도에 비하여 높은 제2 온도에서 도전체로 변화하여 제1 제어부(150)에 센싱 신호를 제공할 수 있다.The above first metal-insulator transition portion (130) is an insulator at a first temperature and changes into a conductor at a second temperature higher than the first temperature, thereby providing a sensing signal to the first control portion (150).

제1 접지부(140)는 제1 제어부(150)에 전기적으로 연결될 수 있다. The first grounding unit (140) can be electrically connected to the first control unit (150).

제1 제어부(150)는, 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)에 전기적으로 연결될 수 있다. 제1 제어부(150)는 상기 센싱 신호에 의하여 제1 전류 집진부(120)에서 제1 접지부(140)로 전류가 흐르게 할 수 있다. 따라서, 전지부(110) 내의 과전류를 제거할 수 있으므로, 열 폭주를 방지할 수 있다. 또한, 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)이 절연체에서 도전체로 변화되는 반응은 흡열 반응이므로, 온도를 저하시킬 수 있고, 따라서 열 폭주를 방지할 수 있다. 이와 같이 전류 경로를 변화시키도록, 제1 제어부(150)는 스위치의 구성을 가질 수 있다.The first control unit (150) can be electrically connected to the first metal-insulator transition unit (130). The first control unit (150) can cause current to flow from the first current collector (120) to the first ground unit (140) based on the sensing signal. Therefore, overcurrent within the battery unit (110) can be removed, thereby preventing thermal runaway. In addition, since the reaction in which the first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ) changes from an insulator to a conductor is an endothermic reaction, the temperature can be lowered, thereby preventing thermal runaway. In order to change the current path in this way, the first control unit (150) can have a switch configuration.

즉, 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)가 제1 온도인 경우에는, 제1 전류 집진부(120)로부터 전류는 로드로 흐르게 된다, 반면, 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)가 제2 온도인 경우에는, 상기 센싱 신호를 제1 제어부(150)로 제공하고, 제1 제어부(150)는 상기 센싱 신호에 따라 상기 로드로 흐르는 전류를 차단하고 제1 접지부(140)로 전류를 흐르게 할 수 있다.That is, when the first metal-insulator transition portion (130) is at the first temperature, current flows from the first current collector (120) to the load. On the other hand, when the first metal-insulator transition portion (130) is at the second temperature, the sensing signal is provided to the first control portion (150), and the first control portion (150) can block the current flowing to the load and allow the current to flow to the first ground portion (140) according to the sensing signal.

또한, 이차 전지(300)는, 제2 전류 집진부(122), 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132), 제2 제어부(152) 및 제2 접지부(142)를 더 포함할 수 있다.Additionally, the secondary battery (300) may further include a second current collector (122), a second metal-insulator transition unit (132), a second control unit (152), and a second ground unit (142).

제2 전류 집진부(122)는 애노드(112)의 일측에 접촉되어 배치될 수 있다. 제2 전류 집진부(122)는 애노드(112)로부터 전류를 집진할 수 있다. 제2 전류 집진부(122)는 도전물을 포함할 수 있고, 예를 들어 금속을 포함할 수 있고, 예를 들어 알루미늄(Al), 구리(Cu), 또는 이들의 합금을 포함할 수 있다. 제1 전류 집진부(120)와 제2 전류 집진부(122)는 동일한 물질을 포함하거나 또는 서로 다른 물질을 포함할 수 있다.The second current collector (122) may be arranged in contact with one side of the anode (112). The second current collector (122) may collect current from the anode (112). The second current collector (122) may include a conductive material, for example, a metal, for example, aluminum (Al), copper (Cu), or an alloy thereof. The first current collector (120) and the second current collector (122) may include the same material or different materials.

제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는 제2 전류 집진부(122)의 일측에 접촉되어 배치될 수 있다. 제2 전류 집진부(122)를 기준으로 애노드(112)와 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는 서로 반대인 측에 배치될 수 있다. The second metal-insulator transition portion (132) may be arranged in contact with one side of the second current collector (122). The anode (112) and the second metal-insulator transition portion (132) may be arranged on opposite sides with respect to the second current collector (122).

제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는 온도가 상승하면 절연체에서 도전체로 변화할 수 있다. 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는, 상기 제1 온도에서 절연체이고, 상기 제1 온도에 비하여 높은 상기 제2 온도에서 도전체로 변화할 수 있다. 상기 제1 온도는, 예를 들어 60℃ 미만의 온도일 수 있고, 예를 들어 0℃ 내지 60℃ 범위일 수 있다. 상기 제2 온도는 절연체와 도전체로 변화되는 상전이 온도일 수 있고, 예를 들어 60℃ 내지 80℃ 범위일 수 있고, 예를 들어 65℃ 내지 70℃ 범위일 수 있다.The second metal-insulator transition region (132) can change from an insulator to a conductor when the temperature increases. The second metal-insulator transition region (132) is an insulator at the first temperature and can change to a conductor at the second temperature that is higher than the first temperature. The first temperature can be, for example, a temperature below 60°C, and can be, for example, in the range of 0°C to 60°C. The second temperature can be a phase transition temperature at which the material changes from an insulator to a conductor, and can be, for example, in the range of 60°C to 80°C, and can be, for example, in the range of 65°C to 70°C.

제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는 MIT(metal-insulator transition) 물질을 포함할 수 있고, 예를 들어 바나듐 산화물(VO2)을 포함할 수 있다. 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는 도핑 원소를 포함하여, 상기 제2 온도를 변화시킬 수 있다. 예를 들어 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는, 상술한 도핑 원소가 1 중량% 내지 10 중량%로 도핑될 수 있다. 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)와 동일한 물질을 포함하거나 또는 서로 다른 물질을 포함할 수 있다.The second metal-insulator transition region (132) may include a metal-insulator transition (MIT) material, for example, vanadium oxide (VO 2 ). The second metal-insulator transition region (132) may include a doping element to change the second temperature. For example, the second metal-insulator transition region (132) may be doped with the above-described doping element at 1 wt% to 10 wt%. The second metal-insulator transition region (132) may include the same material as the first metal-insulator transition region (130) or may include different materials.

제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)는, 제1 온도에서 절연체이고, 상기 제1 온도에 비하여 높은 제2 온도에서 도전체로 변화하여 제2 제어부(152)에 센싱 신호를 제공할 수 있다.The second metal-insulator transition portion (132) is an insulator at a first temperature and changes into a conductor at a second temperature higher than the first temperature, thereby providing a sensing signal to the second control portion (152).

제2 접지부(142)는 제2 제어부(152)에 전기적으로 연결될 수 있다. The second grounding unit (142) can be electrically connected to the second control unit (152).

제2 제어부(152)는, 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)에 전기적으로 연결될 수 있다. 제2 제어부(152)는 상기 센싱 신호에 의하여 제2 전류 집진부(122)에서 제2 접지부(142)로 전류가 흐르게 할 수 있다. 따라서, 전지부(110) 내의 과전류를 제거할 수 있으므로, 열 폭주를 방지할 수 있다. 또한, 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)이 절연체에서 도전체로 변화되는 반응은 흡열 반응이므로, 온도를 저하시킬 수 있고, 따라서 열 폭주를 방지할 수 있다. 이와 같이 전류 경로를 변화시키도록, 제2 제어부(152)는 스위치의 구성을 가질 수 있다.The second control unit (152) can be electrically connected to the second metal-insulator transition unit (132). The second control unit (152) can cause current to flow from the second current collector (122) to the second ground unit (142) based on the sensing signal. Therefore, overcurrent within the battery unit (110) can be removed, thereby preventing thermal runaway. In addition, since the reaction in which the first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ) changes from an insulator to a conductor is an endothermic reaction, the temperature can be lowered, thereby preventing thermal runaway. In order to change the current path in this way, the second control unit (152) can have a switch configuration.

즉, 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)가 제1 온도인 경우에는, 제2 전류 집진부(122)로부터 전류는 로드로 흐르게 된다, 반면, 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)가 제2 온도인 경우에는, 상기 센싱 신호를 제2 제어부(152)로 제공하고, 제2 제어부(152)는 상기 센싱 신호에 따라 상기 로드로 흐르는 전류를 차단하고 제2 접지부(142)로 전류를 흐르게 할 수 있다.That is, when the second metal-insulator transition portion (132) is at the first temperature, current flows from the second current collector (122) to the load. On the other hand, when the second metal-insulator transition portion (132) is at the second temperature, the sensing signal is provided to the second control portion (152), and the second control portion (152) can block the current flowing to the load and allow the current to flow to the second ground portion (142) according to the sensing signal.

제1 접지부(140)와 제2 접지부(142)는 별개의 구성 요소로서 구비되거나 또는 통합된 구성 요소로서 구비될 수 있다.The first grounding portion (140) and the second grounding portion (142) may be provided as separate components or as integrated components.

제1 제어부(150)와 제2 제어부(152)는 별개의 구성 요소로서 구비되거나 또는 통합된 구성 요소로서 구비될 수 있다.The first control unit (150) and the second control unit (152) may be provided as separate components or as integrated components.

도 4를 참조하면, 이차 전지(400)는, 전지부(110), 제1 전류 집진부(120), 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130), 제1 접지부(140), 및 제1 제어부(150)를 포함할 수 있다.Referring to FIG. 4, the secondary battery (400) may include a battery unit (110), a first current collector (120), a first metal-insulator transition unit (130), a first ground unit (140), and a first control unit (150).

또한, 이차 전지(400)는, 제2 전류 집진부(122), 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132), 제2 접지부(142), 및 제2 제어부(152)를 더 포함할 수 있다. 도 3을 참조하여 설명한 구성 요소와 중복되는 구성 요소에 대하여는 생략하기로 한다.In addition, the secondary battery (400) may further include a second current collector (122), a second metal-insulator transition portion (132), a second ground portion (142), and a second control portion (152). Components that overlap with those described with reference to FIG. 3 will be omitted.

또한, 이차 전지(400)는, 제1 전류 집진부(120)와 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130) 사이에 개재된 제1 열전도 조절부(160)를 더 포함할 수 있다.Additionally, the secondary battery (400) may further include a first thermal conductivity control unit (160) interposed between the first current collector (120) and the first metal-insulator transition unit (130).

제1 열전도 조절부(160)는 제1 전류 집진부(120)로부터 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)로의 열전도를 제어할 수 있고, 예를 들어 금속에 비하여 낮은 열전도도를 가지는 절연물을 포함할 수 있다.The first thermal conductivity control unit (160) can control thermal conduction from the first current collector (120) to the first metal-insulator transition unit (130), and may include, for example, an insulator having lower thermal conductivity than a metal.

제1 열전도 조절부(160)는, 제1 전류 집진부(120)로부터 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)로의 열전도를 느리게 하여, 제1 전류 집진부(120)의 온도에 비하여 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130)의 온도가 낮게 제어할 수 있다. The first heat conduction control unit (160) can slow down the heat conduction from the first current collector (120) to the first metal-insulator transition unit (130), thereby controlling the temperature of the first metal-insulator transition unit (130) to be lower than the temperature of the first current collector (120).

또한, 이차 전지(400)는, 제2 전류 집진부(122)와 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132) 사이에 개재된 제2 열전도 조절부(162)를 더 포함할 수 있다. Additionally, the secondary battery (400) may further include a second thermal conductivity control unit (162) interposed between the second current collector (122) and the second metal-insulator transition unit (132).

제2 열전도 조절부(162)는 제2 전류 집진부(122)로부터 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)로의 열전도를 제어할 수 있고, 예를 들어 금속에 비하여 낮은 열전도도를 가지는 절연물을 포함할 수 있다.The second thermal conductivity control unit (162) can control thermal conduction from the second current collector (122) to the second metal-insulator transition unit (132), and may include, for example, an insulator having lower thermal conductivity than a metal.

제2 열전도 조절부(162)는, 제2 전류 집진부(122)로부터 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)로의 열전도를 느리게 하여, 제2 전류 집진부(122)의 온도에 비하여 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)의 온도가 낮게 제어할 수 있다. The second heat conduction control unit (162) can slow down the heat conduction from the second current collector (122) to the second metal-insulator transition unit (132), thereby controlling the temperature of the second metal-insulator transition unit (132) to be lower than the temperature of the second current collector (122).

제1 열전도 조절부(160)와 제2 열전도 조절부(162)는 동일한 물질을 포함할 수 있다.The first heat conduction control unit (160) and the second heat conduction control unit (162) may include the same material.

도 5는 본 발명의 일실시예에 따른 이차 전지의 전지부를 도시하는 개략도이다.Figure 5 is a schematic diagram showing a battery unit of a secondary battery according to one embodiment of the present invention.

도 5를 참조하면, 전지부(110)는, 교호하여 배치된 캐소드(111), 애노드(112), 및 세퍼레이터(113)를 포함한다.Referring to FIG. 5, the battery unit (110) includes a cathode (111), an anode (112), and a separator (113) arranged alternately.

예를 들어, 도 5에서 전면으로부터 후면으로, 제1 세퍼레이터층(113_1), 제1 캐소드층(111_1), 제2 세퍼레이터층(113_2), 제1 애노드층(112_1), 제3 세퍼레이터층(113_3), 제2 캐소드층(111_2), 제4 세퍼레이터층(113_4), 제2 애노드층(112_2), 및 제5 세퍼레이터층(113_5)이 배치될 수 있다. 즉, 세퍼레이터(113)는 캐소드(111)와 애노드(112) 사이에 배치되어 서로 분리시킬 수 있다. For example, in FIG. 5, from the front to the back, a first separator layer (113_1), a first cathode layer (111_1), a second separator layer (113_2), a first anode layer (112_1), a third separator layer (113_3), a second cathode layer (111_2), a fourth separator layer (113_4), a second anode layer (112_2), and a fifth separator layer (113_5) may be arranged. That is, the separator (113) may be arranged between the cathode (111) and the anode (112) to separate them from each other.

캐소드(111), 애노드(112), 및 세퍼레이터(113)는 각각 시트 형상을 가지며, 함께 감겨진 형태를 가질 수 있다.The cathode (111), anode (112), and separator (113) each have a sheet shape and may be wound together.

이하에서는, 캐소드(111), 애노드(112), 및 세퍼레이터(113)를 구성하는 물질에 대하여 설명하기로 한다. 그러나, 이는 예시적이며 본 발명의 기술적 사상은 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다.Below, the materials constituting the cathode (111), the anode (112), and the separator (113) will be described. However, this is exemplary and the technical idea of the present invention is not limited thereto.

캐소드(111)는, 캐소드 집전체 및 상기 캐소드 집전체 위에 형성된 캐소드 활물질을 포함할 수 있다.The cathode (111) may include a cathode current collector and a cathode active material formed on the cathode current collector.

상기 양극 활물질은 리튬의 가역적인 인터칼레이션 및 디인터칼레이션이 가능한 화합물(리티에이티드 인터칼레이션 화합물)을 사용할 수 있다. 구체적으로는 코발트, 망간, 니켈 또는 이들의 조합의 금속과 리튬과의 복합 산화물 중 1종 이상의 것을 사용할 수 있다. 상기 양극 활물질은, 리튬과 Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Cr, Fe, Mg, La, Ce, Sr, V, Ti, Mo, Sc, Y, 희토류 원소 등을 포함할 수 있다.The above positive electrode active material may be a compound capable of reversible intercalation and deintercalation of lithium (lithiated intercalation compound). Specifically, at least one compound oxide of lithium and a metal such as cobalt, manganese, nickel, or a combination thereof may be used. The above positive electrode active material may include lithium and Ni, Co, Mn, Al, Cr, Fe, Mg, La, Ce, Sr, V, Ti, Mo, Sc, Y, rare earth elements, etc.

캐소드(111)는, 바인더를 포함하며, 선택적으로 도전재를 포함할 수 있다.The cathode (111) includes a binder and may optionally include a conductive material.

상기 바인더는 양극 활물질 입자들을 서로 잘 부착시키고, 또한 양극 활물질을 캐소드 집전체에 잘 부착시키는 역할을 하며, 그 대표적인 예로는 폴리비닐알콜, 카르복시메틸셀룰로즈, 히드록시프로필셀룰로즈, 디아세틸셀룰로즈, 폴리비닐클로라이드, 카르복실화된 폴리비닐클로라이드, 폴리비닐플루오라이드, 에틸렌 옥사이드를 포함하는 폴리머, 폴리비닐피롤리돈, 폴리우레탄, 폴리테트라플루오로에틸렌, 폴리비닐리덴 플루오라이드, 폴리에틸렌, 폴리프로필렌, 스티렌-부타디엔 러버, 아크릴레이티드 스티렌-부타디엔 러버, 에폭시 수지, 나일론 등을 사용할 수 있으나, 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다.The above binder serves to adhere the positive electrode active material particles well to each other and also to adhere the positive electrode active material well to the cathode current collector, and representative examples thereof include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, carboxylated polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polymers containing ethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylated styrene-butadiene rubber, epoxy resin, nylon, etc.

상기 도전재는 전극에 도전성을 부여하기 위해 사용되는 것으로서, 구성되는 전지에 있어서, 화학변화를 야기하지 않고 전자 전도성 재료이면 어떠한 것도 사용가능하며, 예를 들어 천연 흑연, 인조 흑연, 카본 블랙, 아세틸렌 블랙, 케첸블랙, 탄소섬유, 구리, 니켈, 알루미늄, 은 등의 금속 분말, 금속 섬유 등을 사용할 수 있고, 또한 폴리페닐렌 유도체 등의 도전성 재료를 1종 또는 1종 이상을 혼합하여 사용할 수 있다.The above conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and any material that does not cause chemical change and is electronically conductive in the battery to be constructed can be used. For example, natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon fiber, metal powders such as copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver, metal fibers, etc. can be used, and also one or more types of conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives can be used in combination.

애노드(112)는, 애노도 집전체 및 상기 애노드 집전체 위에 형성된 애노드 활물질을 포함할 수 있다. The anode (112) may include an anode current collector and an anode active material formed on the anode current collector.

상기 애노드 활물질은 리튬 이온을 가역적으로 인터칼레이션/디인터칼레이션할 수 있는 물질, 리튬 금속, 리튬 금속의 합금, 리튬을 도프 및 탈도프할 수 있는 물질, 또는 전이 금속 산화물을 포함할 수 있다.The anode active material may include a material capable of reversibly intercalating/deintercalating lithium ions, lithium metal, an alloy of lithium metal, a material capable of doping and dedoping lithium, or a transition metal oxide.

상기 리튬 이온을 가역적으로 인터칼레이션/디인터칼레이션할 수 있는 물질로는 탄소 물질로서, 예를 들어 결정질 탄소, 비정질 탄소 또는 이들의 조합을 사용할 수 있다. 상기 결정질 탄소의 예로는 무정형, 판상, 린편상(flake), 구형 또는 섬유형의 천연 흑연 또는 인조 흑연과 같은 흑연을 들 수 있고, 상기 비정질 탄소의 예로는 소프트 카본(soft carbon: 저온 소성 탄소) 또는 하드 카본(hard carbon), 메조페이스 피치 탄화물, 소성된 코크스 등을 들 수 있다.The material capable of reversibly intercalating/deintercalating the lithium ions may be a carbon material, for example, crystalline carbon, amorphous carbon, or a combination thereof. Examples of the crystalline carbon include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite in an amorphous, plate-like, flake-like, spherical, or fibrous form, and examples of the amorphous carbon include soft carbon (low-temperature calcined carbon) or hard carbon, mesophase pitch carbide, calcined coke, etc.

상기 리튬 금속의 합금으로는 리튬과 Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Si, Sb, Pb, In, Zn, Ba, Ra, Ge, Al 또는 Sn의 금속과의 합금이 사용될 수 있다.As the above lithium metal alloy, an alloy of lithium with a metal such as Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr, Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Si, Sb, Pb, In, Zn, Ba, Ra, Ge, Al or Sn can be used.

상기 리튬을 도프 및 탈도프할 수 있는 물질로는 Si, SiO, Si-C 복합체, Si-Q 합금(상기 Q는 알칼리 금속, 알칼리 토금속, 13족 내지 16족 원소, 전이금속, 희토류 원소 또는 이들의 조합이며, Si은 아님), Sn, SnO2, Sn-C 복합체, Sn-R(상기 R은 알칼리 금속, 알칼리 토금속, 13족 내지 16족 원소, 전이금속, 희토류 원소 또는 이들의 조합) 등을 들 수 있다. Materials capable of doping and dedoping the lithium include Si, SiO, Si-C composites, Si-Q alloys (wherein Q is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a group 13 to 16 element, a transition metal, a rare earth element, or a combination thereof, and is not Si), Sn, SnO2, Sn-C composites, Sn-R (wherein R is an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a group 13 to 16 element, a transition metal, a rare earth element, or a combination thereof).

상기 전이 금속 산화물로는 바나듐 산화물, 리튬 바나듐 산화물 등을 들 수 있다.Examples of the above transition metal oxides include vanadium oxide, lithium vanadium oxide, etc.

애노드(112)는, 바인더를 포함하며, 선택적으로 도전재를 포함할 수 있다.The anode (112) includes a binder and may optionally include a conductive material.

상기 바인더는 음극 활물질 입자들을 서로 잘 부착시키고, 또한 음극 활물질을 애노드 집전체에 잘 부착시키는 역할을 하며, 예를 들어 폴리비닐알콜, 카르복시메틸셀룰로즈, 히드록시프로필셀룰로즈, 폴리비닐클로라이드, 카르복실화된 폴리비닐클로라이드, 폴리비닐플루오라이드, 에틸렌 옥사이드를 포함하는 폴리머, 폴리비닐피롤리돈, 폴리우레탄, 폴리테트라플루오로에틸렌, 폴리비닐리덴 플루오라이드, 폴리에틸렌, 폴리프로필렌, 스티렌-부타디엔 러버, 아크릴레이티드 스티렌-부타디엔 러버, 에폭시 수지, 나일론 등을 사용할 수 있으나, 이에 한정되는 것은 아니다.The above binder serves to adhere the negative electrode active material particles well to each other and also to adhere the negative electrode active material well to the anode current collector, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, polyvinyl chloride, carboxylated polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl fluoride, polymers containing ethylene oxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyurethane, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylated styrene-butadiene rubber, epoxy resin, nylon, etc.

상기 도전재는 전극에 도전성을 부여하기 위해 사용되는 것으로서, 구성되는 전지에 있어서 화학변화를 야기하지 않고 전자 전도성 재료이면 어떠한 것도 사용가능하며, 예를 들어 천연 흑연, 인조 흑연, 카본 블랙, 아세틸렌 블랙, 케첸블랙, 탄소섬유 등의 탄소계 물질; 구리, 니켈, 알루미늄, 은 등의 금속 분말 또는 금속 섬유 등의 금속계 물질; 폴리페닐렌 유도체 등의 도전성 폴리머; 또는 이들의 혼합물을 포함하는 도전성 재료를 사용할 수 있다.The above conductive material is used to provide conductivity to the electrode, and any material that does not cause chemical changes in the battery to be formed and is electronically conductive can be used. For example, a conductive material including a carbon-based material such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, carbon fiber, etc.; a metal-based material such as metal powder or metal fiber such as copper, nickel, aluminum, silver, etc.; a conductive polymer such as a polyphenylene derivative; or a mixture thereof can be used.

상기 애노드 집전체로는 구리 박, 니켈 박, 스테인레스강 박, 티타늄 박, 니켈 발포체(foam), 구리 발포체, 전도성 금속이 코팅된 폴리머 기재, 또는 이들의 조합을 사용할 수 있다.The anode current collector may be a copper foil, a nickel foil, a stainless steel foil, a titanium foil, a nickel foam, a copper foam, a polymer substrate coated with a conductive metal, or a combination thereof.

세퍼레이터(113)는 캐소드(111)와 애노드(112)를 분리하고 리튬 이온의 이동 통로를 제공할 수 있다. 세퍼레이터(113)는, 전해액을 포함할 수 있다.A separator (113) can separate the cathode (111) and the anode (112) and provide a passage for lithium ions to move. The separator (113) can include an electrolyte.

상기 전해액은 비수성 유기 용매와 리튬염을 포함할 수 있다.The above electrolyte may include a non-aqueous organic solvent and a lithium salt.

상기 비수성 유기 용매는 전지의 전기화학적 반응에 관여하는 이온들이 이동할 수 있는 매질 역할을 한다. 상기 비수성 유기용매로는 카보네이트계, 에스테르계, 에테르계, 케톤계, 알코올계 또는 비양성자성 용매를 사용할 수 있다.The non-aqueous organic solvent acts as a medium through which ions involved in the electrochemical reaction of the battery can move. Carbonate-based, ester-based, ether-based, ketone-based, alcohol-based, or aprotic solvents can be used as the non-aqueous organic solvent.

상기 리튬염은 상기 비수성 유기 용매에 용해되어, 전지 내에서 리튬 이온의 공급원으로 작용하여 기본적인 리튬 이차 전지의 작동을 가능하게 하고, 양극과 음극 사이의 리튬 이온의 이동을 촉진하는 역할을 하는 물질이다. 상기 리튬염의 대표적인 예로는 LiPF6, LiBF4, LiSbF6, LiAsF6, LiC4F9SO3, LiClO4, LiAlO2, LiAlCl4, LiCl, LiI, LiB(C2O4)2 또는 이들의 조합을 포함할 수 있다.The lithium salt is a substance that is dissolved in the non-aqueous organic solvent and acts as a source of lithium ions within the battery, enabling the basic operation of a lithium secondary battery and promoting the movement of lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes. Representative examples of the lithium salt may include LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , LiClO 4 , LiAlO 2 , LiAlCl 4 , LiCl, LiI, LiB(C 2 O 4 ) 2 or a combination thereof.

도 1 내지 도 4을 참조하면, 이차 전지(100, 200, 300, 400)는 산소 흡수부(180)을 포함하고 있다. 하지만, 본 발명은 이에 한정되지 않고, 이차 전지(100, 200, 300, 400)가 산소 흡수부(180)을 포함하지 않을 수 있다. 이 경우에도, 금속-절연체 전이 물질로 구성된 제1 금속-절연체 전이부(130) 및/또는 제2 금속-절연체 전이부(132)를 열 폭주 방지 구조로서 포함하기 때문에, 온도가 상승하면 도전체로 변화하여 과전류를 제1 접지부(140) 및/또는 제2 전지부(142)로 흐르게 하여 열 폭주를 방지할 수 있다.Referring to FIGS. 1 to 4, the secondary battery (100, 200, 300, 400) includes an oxygen absorption unit (180). However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the secondary battery (100, 200, 300, 400) may not include the oxygen absorption unit (180). Even in this case, since the first metal-insulator transition unit (130) and/or the second metal-insulator transition unit (132) composed of a metal-insulator transition material are included as a thermal runaway prevention structure, when the temperature rises, they change into conductors to allow excessive current to flow to the first ground unit (140) and/or the second battery unit (142), thereby preventing thermal runaway.

본 발명의 기술적 사상에 따른 이차 전지는 원통형, 각형, 코인형, 파우치형 등다양한 형태로 구현될 수 있고, 크기에 따라 벌크 타입과 박막 타입으로 구분될 수 있다. 이러한 이차 전지의 구조와 제조방법은 이 분야에 널리 알려져 있으므로 상세한 설명은 생략한다.Secondary batteries according to the technical concept of the present invention can be implemented in various shapes, such as cylindrical, square, coin-shaped, and pouch-shaped, and can be classified into bulk and thin-film types depending on their size. The structure and manufacturing method of such secondary batteries are widely known in the art, so a detailed description will be omitted.

이상에서 설명한 본 발명의 기술적 사상이 전술한 실시예 및 첨부된 도면에 한정되지 않으며, 본 발명의 기술적 사상을 벗어나지 않는 범위 내에서 여러 가지 치환, 변형 및 변경이 가능하다는 것은, 본 발명의 기술적 사상이 속하는 기술분야에서 통상의 지식을 가진 자에게 있어 명백할 것이다.It will be apparent to a person skilled in the art to which the technical idea of the present invention pertains that the technical idea of the present invention described above is not limited to the above-described embodiments and the attached drawings, and that various substitutions, modifications, and changes are possible within a scope that does not depart from the technical idea of the present invention.

본 발명을 이용하면, 열 폭주 방지 구조를 포함하는 이차 전지가 제조될 수 있다.Using the present invention, a secondary battery including a thermal runaway prevention structure can be manufactured.

Claims (20)

캐소드, 애노드, 및 세퍼레이터를 포함하는 전지부;A battery section including a cathode, an anode, and a separator; 상기 전지부를 수용하는 하우징부;A housing portion that accommodates the above battery portion; 상기 하우징부의 내측 표면에 배치되고, 온도가 상승하면 상기 하우징부의 내부의 산소를 산화 반응에 의하여 흡수하는 산소 흡수부를 포함하는, 이차 전지.A secondary battery comprising an oxygen absorption unit disposed on the inner surface of the housing portion and absorbing oxygen inside the housing portion by an oxidation reaction when the temperature rises. 청구항 1에 있어서,In claim 1, 상기 산소 흡수부는, 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)을 포함하고, 온도가 상승하면 상기 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)이 제2 바나듐 산화물(V2O5)로 변화함에 의하여 상기 하우징부의 내부의 산소를 흡수하는, 이차 전지.A secondary battery in which the oxygen absorption portion includes a first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ), and when the temperature rises, the first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ) changes into a second vanadium oxide (V 2 O 5 ), thereby absorbing oxygen inside the housing portion. 청구항 2에 있어서,In claim 2, 상기 산소 흡수부는, 도핑 원소가 1 중량% 내지 10 중량% 도핑된, 이차 전지.A secondary battery, wherein the oxygen absorbing portion is doped with 1 to 10 wt% of a doping element. 청구항 1에 있어서,In claim 1, 상기 캐소드의 일측에 접촉되어 배치된 제1 전류 집진부;A first current collector arranged in contact with one side of the cathode; 상기 제1 전류 집진부의 일측에 접촉되어 배치되고, 온도가 상승하면 절연체에서 도전체로 변화하는 제1 금속-절연체 전이부; 및A first metal-insulator transition portion that is placed in contact with one side of the first current collector and changes from an insulator to a conductor when the temperature rises; and 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부에 전기적으로 연결된 제1 접지부를 더 포함하는, 이차 전지.A secondary battery further comprising a first grounding portion electrically connected to the first metal-insulator transition portion. 청구항 4에 있어서,In claim 4, 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부는, 제1 온도에서 절연체이고, 상기 제1 온도에 비하여 높은 제2 온도에서 도전체로 변화하여 상기 제1 전류 집진부에서 제1 접지부로 전류가 흐르게 하는, 이차 전지.A secondary battery, wherein the first metal-insulator transition region is an insulator at a first temperature and changes into a conductor at a second temperature higher than the first temperature, thereby allowing current to flow from the first current collector to the first grounding region. 청구항 4에 있어서,In claim 4, 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부는, 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)을 포함하는, 이차 전지.A secondary battery, wherein the first metal-insulator transition region comprises a first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ). 청구항 4에 있어서,In claim 4, 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부는, 도핑 원소가 1 중량% 내지 10 중량% 도핑된, 이차 전지.A secondary battery, wherein the first metal-insulator transition region is doped with 1 to 10 wt% of a doping element. 청구항 4에 있어서,In claim 4, 상기 제1 전류 집진부와 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부 사이에 개재된 제1 열전도 조절부를 더 포함하는, 이차 전지.A secondary battery further comprising a first thermal conductivity control unit interposed between the first current collector and the first metal-insulator transition unit. 청구항 1에 있어서,In claim 1, 상기 애노드의 일측에 접촉되어 배치된 제2 전류 집진부;A second current collector arranged in contact with one side of the anode; 상기 제2 전류 집진부의 일측에 접촉되어 배치되고, 온도가 상승하면 절연체에서 도전체로 변화하는 제2 금속-절연체 전이부; 및A second metal-insulator transition portion that is placed in contact with one side of the second current collector and changes from an insulator to a conductor when the temperature rises; and 상기 제2 금속-절연체 전이부에 전기적으로 연결된 제2 접지부를 더 포함하는, 이차 전지.A secondary battery further comprising a second grounding portion electrically connected to the second metal-insulator transition portion. 청구항 9에 있어서,In claim 9, 상기 제2 금속-절연체 전이부는, 제1 온도에서 절연체이고, 상기 제1 온도에 비하여 높은 제2 온도에서 도전체로 변화하여 상기 제2 전류 집진부에서 제2 접지부로 전류가 흐르게 하는, 이차 전지.A secondary battery, wherein the second metal-insulator transition portion is an insulator at a first temperature and changes into a conductor at a second temperature higher than the first temperature, thereby allowing current to flow from the second current collector to the second ground portion. 청구항 9에 있어서,In claim 9, 상기 제2 금속-절연체 전이부는, 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)을 포함하는, 이차 전지.A secondary battery, wherein the second metal-insulator transition region comprises a first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ). 청구항 9에 있어서,In claim 9, 상기 제2 전류 집진부와 상기 제2 금속-절연체 전이부 사이에 개재된 제2 열전도 조절부를 더 포함하는, 이차 전지.A secondary battery further comprising a second thermal conductivity control unit interposed between the second current collector and the second metal-insulator transition unit. 청구항 1에 있어서,In claim 1, 상기 캐소드의 일측에 접촉되어 배치된 제1 전류 집진부;A first current collector arranged in contact with one side of the cathode; 상기 제1 전류 집진부의 일측에 접촉되어 배치되고, 온도가 상승하면 절연체에서 도전체로 변화하는 제1 금속-절연체 전이부;A first metal-insulator transition portion that is placed in contact with one side of the first current collector and changes from an insulator to a conductor when the temperature rises; 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부에 전기적으로 연결된 제1 제어부; 및a first control unit electrically connected to the first metal-insulator transition region; and 상기 제1 제어부에 전기적으로 연결된 제1 접지부를 포함하는, 이차 전지.A secondary battery comprising a first grounding portion electrically connected to the first control portion. 청구항 13에 있어서,In claim 13, 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부는, 제1 온도에서 절연체이고, 상기 제1 온도에 비하여 높은 제2 온도에서 도전체로 변화하여 제1 제어부에 센싱 신호를 제공하고, The first metal-insulator transition region is an insulator at a first temperature and changes into a conductor at a second temperature higher than the first temperature to provide a sensing signal to the first control unit. 상기 제1 제어부는 상기 센싱 신호에 의하여 상기 제1 전류 집진부에서 제1 접지부로 전류가 흐르게 하는, 이차 전지.A secondary battery in which the first control unit causes current to flow from the first current collector to the first ground unit in response to the sensing signal. 청구항 13에 있어서,In claim 13, 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부는, 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)을 포함하는, 이차 전지.A secondary battery, wherein the first metal-insulator transition region comprises a first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ). 청구항 13에 있어서,In claim 13, 상기 제1 전류 집진부와 상기 제1 금속-절연체 전이부 사이에 개재된 제1 열전도 조절부를 더 포함하는, 이차 전지.A secondary battery further comprising a first thermal conductivity control unit interposed between the first current collector and the first metal-insulator transition unit. 청구항 13에 있어서,In claim 13, 상기 애노드의 일측에 접촉되어 배치된 제2 전류 집진부;A second current collector arranged in contact with one side of the anode; 상기 제2 전류 집진부의 일측에 접촉되어 배치되고, 온도가 상승하면 절연체에서 도전체로 변화하는 제2 금속-절연체 전이부;A second metal-insulator transition portion that is placed in contact with one side of the second current collector and changes from an insulator to a conductor when the temperature rises; 상기 제2 금속-절연체 전이부에 전기적으로 연결된 제2 제어부; 및a second control unit electrically connected to the second metal-insulator transition region; and 상기 제2 제어부에 전기적으로 연결된 제2 접지부를 더 포함하는, 이차 전지.A secondary battery further comprising a second grounding portion electrically connected to the second control portion. 청구항 17에 있어서,In claim 17, 상기 제2 금속-절연체 전이부는, 제1 온도에서 절연체이고, 상기 제1 온도에 비하여 높은 제2 온도에서 도전체로 변화하여 제2 제어부에 센싱 신호를 제공하고, The second metal-insulator transition region is an insulator at a first temperature and changes into a conductor at a second temperature higher than the first temperature to provide a sensing signal to the second control region. 상기 제2 제어부는 상기 센싱 신호에 의하여 상기 제2 전류 집진부에서 제2 접지부로 전류가 흐르게 하는, 이차 전지.A secondary battery in which the second control unit causes current to flow from the second current collector to the second ground unit in response to the sensing signal. 청구항 17에 있어서,In claim 17, 상기 제2 금속-절연체 전이부는, 제1 바나듐 산화물(VO2)을 포함하는, 이차 전지.A secondary battery, wherein the second metal-insulator transition region comprises a first vanadium oxide (VO 2 ). 청구항 17에 있어서,In claim 17, 상기 제2 전류 집진부와 상기 제2 금속-절연체 전이부 사이에 개재된 제2 열전도 조절부를 더 포함하는, 이차 전지.A secondary battery further comprising a second thermal conductivity control unit interposed between the second current collector and the second metal-insulator transition unit.
PCT/KR2024/096792 2024-04-09 2024-12-12 Secondary battery including thermal runaway prevention structure Pending WO2025216398A1 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20090081386A (en) * 2006-10-13 2009-07-28 파나소닉 주식회사 Battery Packs and Battery Mounted Devices
JP2011121829A (en) * 2009-12-11 2011-06-23 Hokkaido Univ Manganese oxide excellent in oxygen storage ability, various materials including the oxide, method and apparatus using the oxide
KR20190035580A (en) * 2014-02-03 2019-04-03 유알에스에이테크 리미티드 Thermal runaway retarding battery housing
KR20230032354A (en) * 2021-08-30 2023-03-07 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 Battery module having a structure to block oxygen inflow in case of thermal propagation
KR20230118078A (en) * 2020-12-04 2023-08-10 로저스코포레이션 Multi-layer sheet to prevent thermal runaway

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20090081386A (en) * 2006-10-13 2009-07-28 파나소닉 주식회사 Battery Packs and Battery Mounted Devices
JP2011121829A (en) * 2009-12-11 2011-06-23 Hokkaido Univ Manganese oxide excellent in oxygen storage ability, various materials including the oxide, method and apparatus using the oxide
KR20190035580A (en) * 2014-02-03 2019-04-03 유알에스에이테크 리미티드 Thermal runaway retarding battery housing
KR20230118078A (en) * 2020-12-04 2023-08-10 로저스코포레이션 Multi-layer sheet to prevent thermal runaway
KR20230032354A (en) * 2021-08-30 2023-03-07 주식회사 엘지에너지솔루션 Battery module having a structure to block oxygen inflow in case of thermal propagation

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