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WO2025216195A1 - Matériau de pavage et procédé de construction pour matériau de pavage - Google Patents

Matériau de pavage et procédé de construction pour matériau de pavage

Info

Publication number
WO2025216195A1
WO2025216195A1 PCT/JP2025/013787 JP2025013787W WO2025216195A1 WO 2025216195 A1 WO2025216195 A1 WO 2025216195A1 JP 2025013787 W JP2025013787 W JP 2025013787W WO 2025216195 A1 WO2025216195 A1 WO 2025216195A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
paving material
recess
thickness direction
recesses
melting point
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/JP2025/013787
Other languages
English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
義信 岩田
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lixil Corp
Original Assignee
Lixil Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lixil Corp filed Critical Lixil Corp
Publication of WO2025216195A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025216195A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/20—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units of plastics, e.g. concrete with plastics, linoleum
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
    • E01C5/22—Pavings made of prefabricated single units made of units composed of a mixture of materials covered by two or more of groups E01C5/008, E01C5/02 - E01C5/20 except embedded reinforcing materials

Definitions

  • This disclosure relates to paving materials and methods for applying paving materials.
  • Patent Document 1 discloses a mat to be laid on the ground, etc.
  • the mat comprises a base, a rigid plate laminated on the base, and a cushion layer laminated on the rigid plate.
  • the rigid plate is provided with long ribs.
  • the ribs are made of a hard material. This makes it possible to prevent the mat from warping in the longitudinal direction of the ribs.
  • the ribs may expand or contract due to heat or water absorption, which could cause the rug to warp.
  • the purpose of this disclosure is to provide a paving material and a method for constructing the paving material that can effectively suppress warping.
  • the paving material disclosed herein comprises a main body portion having a mating front and back surface, and the direction perpendicular to the back surface is defined as the thickness direction, the direction in the thickness direction when looking at the front surface from the back surface is defined as the upper thickness direction, the direction in the thickness direction when looking at the back surface from the front surface is defined as the lower thickness direction, one direction perpendicular to the thickness direction is defined as the length direction, and the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction and the length direction is defined as the width direction.
  • the main body portion is provided with at least one back recess that extends in the length direction and opens downward in the thickness direction, and the back recess has at least one engaging recess with an inner circumferential surface formed to sandwich at least one of the width direction ends of the internal space in the thickness direction.
  • the method for constructing the paving material disclosed herein comprises the steps of placing a base on the ground, placing a first adhesive on the base, placing a second adhesive on the back surface of the paving material disclosed herein, and joining the first adhesive and the second adhesive.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a paving material according to a first embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of the paving material of the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 is a process diagram showing a method for constructing paving materials.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram for explaining a method of applying paving materials.
  • FIG. 10 is a front view of a paving material according to a second embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a front view of a paving material according to a third embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a front view of a paving material according to a fourth embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a front view of a paving material according to a fifth embodiment.
  • the paving material 1 includes a main body 10 having a pair of front and back surfaces F1 and F2.
  • the paving material 1 is used with the back surface F2 facing the ground G, for example, with an adhesive such as mortar in contact with the back surface F2.
  • the front surface F1 and the back surface F2 each have a rectangular planar shape, more specifically, a square planar shape.
  • the direction perpendicular to the back surface F2 is referred to as the "thickness direction T.”
  • the direction when looking from the back surface F2 to the front surface F1 is referred to as the "upper thickness direction T1," and the direction in the thickness direction T when looking from the front surface F1 to the back surface F2 is referred to as the “lower thickness direction T2.”
  • the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction T one direction is referred to as the "length direction L.”
  • the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction T and the length direction L is referred to as the "width direction W.”
  • one direction is referred to as “one width direction side W1,” and the other direction is referred to as “the other width direction side W2.”
  • the main body 10 is formed as a plate overall, for example, a square plate when viewed in the thickness direction T.
  • Each side of the front surface F1 and each side of the back surface F2 extend parallel to either the length direction L or the width direction W.
  • the thickness direction T coincides with the direction perpendicular to the ground G.
  • the paving material 1 is formed, for example, as a single piece. The material of the paving material 1 will be described later.
  • the thickness direction T dimension of the paving material 1 is, for example, 20 mm.
  • the thickness direction T dimension of the paving material 1 is preferably within the range of 5 mm to 60 mm.
  • the length direction L dimension of the paving material 1 is, for example, 190 mm.
  • the length direction L dimension of the paving material 1 is preferably within the range of 100 mm to 2000 mm.
  • the width direction W dimension of the paving material 1 is, for example, 190 mm.
  • the width direction W dimension of the paving material 1 is preferably within the range of 100 mm to 800 mm.
  • the main body 10 has at least one back recess 12 that extends in the length direction L and opens to the lower side T2 in the thickness direction.
  • the back recess 12 is recessed from the back surface F2.
  • the back recess 12 is groove-shaped and extends in the length direction L.
  • the back recess 12 penetrates the main body 10 in the length direction L.
  • the main body 10 is provided with a plurality of rear recesses 12 spaced apart in the width direction W; more specifically, five rear recesses 12 are provided.
  • the rear recesses 12 are arranged, for example, at equal intervals.
  • the central rear recess 12 of the rear recesses 12 is arranged in the center of the main body 10 in the width direction W.
  • the rear recesses 12 at both ends of the width direction W of the rear recesses 12 are each spaced apart from the end of the other width direction side W2 of the main body 10.
  • each rear recess 12 when viewed in the length direction L, has an isosceles trapezoidal shape with the width direction W dimension increasing toward the upper side T1 in the thickness direction.
  • Each rear recess 12 is a dovetail groove.
  • the open end of each rear recess 12 is chamfered.
  • the rear recess 12 has an inner peripheral surface 12b formed to sandwich at least one of the ends (more specifically, both ends) of the internal space 12a of the rear recess 12 in the width direction W in the thickness direction T.
  • the inner surface 12b of the rear recess 12 has a straight portion (referred to as the "bottom portion 12ba") extending parallel to the width direction W, a straight portion (referred to as the "first oblique portion 12bb”) extending from the end of the bottom portion 12ba on one width side W1 toward the lower thickness side T2 and the other width side W2, and a straight portion (referred to as the "second oblique portion 12bc”) extending from the end of the bottom portion 12ba on the other width side W2 toward the lower thickness side T2 and the one width side W1 (see Figure 2).
  • the inner peripheral surface 12b is formed so that the bottom portion 12ba and the first oblique portion 12bb sandwich the end of the internal space 12a on one widthwise side W1 in the thickness direction T, and the bottom portion 12ba and the second oblique portion 12bc sandwich the end of the internal space 12a on the other widthwise side W2.
  • the end of the internal space 12a on one widthwise side W1 is, for example, the region of the internal space 12a closest to the one widthwise side W1.
  • the end of the internal space 12a on the other widthwise side W2 is, for example, the region of the internal space 12a closest to the other widthwise side W2.
  • a virtual straight line extending parallel to the thickness direction T and passing through the center of the opening of the back-side recess 12 in the width direction W is defined as the "reference line SL.”
  • the distance between the inner circumferential surface 12b and the reference line SL at the upper thickness direction side T1 of two different positions in the thickness direction T is greater than the distance between the inner circumferential surface 12b and the reference line SL at the lower thickness direction side T2 of two different positions in the thickness direction T.
  • the distance between the inner circumferential surface 12b and the reference line SL at the upper thickness direction side T1 of two different positions in the thickness direction T is greater than the distance between the inner circumferential surface 12b and the reference line SL at the lower thickness direction side T2 of two different positions in the thickness direction T.
  • the region of the inner circumferential surface 12b of the back recess 12 on one widthwise side W1 of the reference line SL includes an inclined surface that slopes away from the reference line SL (i.e., toward one widthwise side W1) as it moves from the lower thickness direction side T2 toward the upper thickness direction side T1.
  • the region of the inner circumferential surface 12b of the back recess 12 on the other widthwise side W2 of the reference line SL includes an inclined surface that slopes away from the reference line SL (i.e., toward the other widthwise side W2) as it moves from the lower thickness direction side T2 toward the upper thickness direction side T1.
  • the internal space 12a of the rear recess 12 is convex in a direction away from the reference line SL at a position spaced from the opening of the rear recess 12 to the upper side T1 in the thickness direction.
  • the rear recess 12 has two different thickness direction T positions within the internal space 12a, with the width direction W dimension of the internal space 12a at the upper thickness direction T1 position being larger than the width direction W dimension of the internal space 12a at the lower thickness direction T2 position.
  • each back recess 12 corresponds to an engagement recess, a first engagement recess, and a second engagement recess, respectively.
  • the back recess 12 that corresponds to the engagement recess will sometimes be referred to as an "engagement recess 13.”
  • the internal space of the engagement recess 13 will sometimes be referred to as the “internal space 13a.”
  • the inner circumferential surface of the engagement recess 13 will sometimes be referred to as the "inner circumferential surface 13b.”
  • the multiple rear recesses 12 have at least one engagement recess 13.
  • the main body 10 has multiple (specifically, five) engagement recesses 13 spaced apart in the width direction W.
  • Each of the multiple (specifically, five) engagement recesses 13 is a dovetail groove.
  • the rear recesses 12 at both ends in the width direction W each serve as an engagement recess 13.
  • One engagement recess 13 is located on the opposite side of the other engagement recesses 13, across the center of the width direction W of the main body 10.
  • the engagement recess 13 furthest to one width direction side W1 of each engagement recess 13 is located on the opposite side of the center of the width direction W of the main body 10, across from the engagement recess 13 furthest to the other width direction side W2 of each engagement recess 13; more specifically, they are located symmetrically across the center of the width direction W of the main body 10.
  • the multiple (specifically, five) rear recesses 12 have at least one (specifically, five) first engagement recess 13 and at least one (specifically, five) second engagement recess 13.
  • the thickness direction T dimension of the internal space 12a of each back side recess 12 is, for example, 5 mm. It is preferable that the thickness direction T dimension of the internal space 12a of each back side recess 12 is within the range of 1/20 to 1/2 of the thickness direction T dimension of the main body portion 10.
  • the width direction W dimension of the opening end of the internal space 12a of each back side recess 12 is, for example, 15.5 mm. It is preferable that the width direction W dimension of the opening end of the internal space 12a of each back side recess 12 is within the range of 1/30 to 1/2 of the width direction W dimension of the main body portion 10.
  • the distance between the opening ends of adjacent back side recesses 12 is, for example, 17.5 mm. It is preferable that the distance between the opening ends of adjacent back side recesses 12 is within the range of 1/30 to 1/2 of the width direction W dimension of the main body portion 10.
  • a second adhesive 54 is disposed on the back surface F2 of the main body 10.
  • the second adhesive 54 extends into the internal space 12a of the back recess 12 (engagement recess 13).
  • the engagement recess 13 and the second adhesive 54 engage with each other. This creates an anchor effect on the back surface F2 of the paving material 1, preventing the paving material 1 from separating from the second adhesive 54.
  • the main body 10 also has at least one front-side recess 15 that opens to the upper side T1 in the thickness direction.
  • the front-side recess 15 is recessed from the surface F1.
  • the front-side recess 15 is groove-shaped and extends in the length direction L.
  • the front-side recess 15 penetrates the main body 10 in the length direction L.
  • the size of the recess in the front-side recess 15 is smaller than the size of the recess in the back-side recess 12.
  • Multiple front-side recesses 15 are provided lined up in the width direction W.
  • the direction of reflection of light hitting the main body 10 can be changed, giving the paving material 1 a unique luster.
  • the shape of the internal space 15a of the front-side recess 15 as viewed in the length direction L, the size of the recess in the front-side recess 15, and the number of front-side recesses 15 are not particularly limited. By appropriately changing the shape of the internal space 15a of the front-side recess 15 as viewed in the length direction L, the size of the recess in the front-side recess 15, the number of front-side recesses 15, etc., it is possible to vary the aesthetic appearance of the paving material 1.
  • the thickness direction T dimension of the internal space 15a of each front-side recess 15 is, for example, 1 mm.
  • the thickness direction T dimension of the internal space 15a of each front-side recess 15 is preferably within the range of 1/300 to 1/4 of the thickness direction T dimension of the main body 10.
  • the width direction W dimension of the opening end of the internal space 15a of each front-side recess 15 is, for example, 1.5 mm.
  • the width direction W dimension of the opening end of the internal space 15a of each front-side recess 15 is preferably within the range of 1/1600 to 1/35 of the width direction W dimension of the main body 10.
  • the four sides that make up the periphery of the front surface F1 of the main body 10 are chamfered; more specifically, all four sides that make up the periphery of the front surface F1 are chamfered.
  • the four sides that make up the periphery of the back surface F2 of the main body 10 are chamfered; more specifically, of the four sides that make up the periphery of the back surface F2, two sides extending in the length direction L are chamfered. This reduces stress concentration on the angular parts of the main body 10, thereby improving the impact resistance of the paving material 1.
  • Paving material 1 contains, for example, a low-melting-point resin, and non-low-melting-point resin particles and cellulose-based material particles dispersed in the low-melting-point resin.
  • a molded product of a composition containing a resin substrate containing a low-melting-point resin, non-low-melting-point resin particles dispersed in the resin substrate, and cellulose-based material particles dispersed in the resin substrate is sometimes referred to as a "resin composition molded product.”
  • Paving material 1 is a resin composition molded product.
  • Low-melting-point resins are, for example, resins with a melting point in the range of 80°C or higher and lower than 190°C.
  • Low-melting-point resins are, for example, thermoplastic resins.
  • Examples of low-melting-point resins include polystyrene (PS), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin (ABS), polyethylene (PE), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polycarbonate (PC), polypropylene (PP), polyamide 12 (PA12), and polyacetal (POM).
  • the content of the low-melting point resin is within the range of 12% by mass to 78% by mass.
  • the content of the low-melting point resin may be within the range of 12% by mass to 48% by mass, 14% by mass to 43% by mass, or 17% by mass to 43% by mass.
  • the low-melting point resin may contain at least polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP).
  • PE polyethylene
  • PP polypropylene
  • the PE and PP content, expressed as the mass ratio of PE to PP (PE/PP), may be, for example, 5.0 or less, or 3.0 or less.
  • the non-low melting point resin particles include, for example, at least one of a high melting point resin with a melting point of 190°C or higher and a thermosetting resin.
  • the melting point of the high melting point resin is, for example, 340°C or lower.
  • high melting point resins include polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyamide 6 (PA6), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), and polyether ether ketone (PEEK).
  • Thermosetting resin is a resin after curing.
  • thermosetting resins include polyimide (PI), polyurethane (PU), and phenolic resin (PF).
  • the average major axis of the non-low melting point resin particles is, for example, less than 3 mm.
  • Low-melting point resins and non-low-melting point resin particles may be derived from waste, allowing for effective use of resources. Low-melting point resins and non-low-melting point resin particles may be separated and recovered from waste plastics collected in accordance with the Containers and Packaging Recycling Law, for example.
  • Plastic waste can include municipal waste, industrial waste, and marine plastic waste. Municipal waste is waste other than industrial waste and marine plastic waste, including household waste discarded from ordinary households. Plastic waste may contain substances other than synthetic resins. Substances other than synthetic resins may be inorganic or organic. Examples of inorganic substances include magnetic substances, non-magnetic metals, glass, pebbles, metals, shells, sand, desiccants such as silica gel, and iron-based oxygen absorbers. Examples of magnetic substances include iron, stainless steel, ferrite, cobalt, and nickel. Examples of non-magnetic metals include aluminum, copper, zinc, and brass. Examples of organic substances include oils and fats, food residue, and surfactants.
  • plastic waste derived from municipal waste examples include plastics used as product containers and packaging materials.
  • Waste plastic residue is the residue remaining after separating and recovering a portion of the resin contained in waste plastic derived from municipal waste, such as the residue remaining after separating and recovering a portion of the low-melting-point resin.
  • the low-melting-point resin to be separated and recovered includes, for example, at least one of PP, PE, and PS, and may also include PP and PE.
  • Waste plastic residue may be the residue remaining after separating and recovering 5% or more, 5% to 95% by mass, 5% to 50% by mass, or 5% to 15% by mass of the low-melting-point resin contained in the waste plastic.
  • the sum of PP and PE may account for 20% or more, 50% to 100% by mass, or 70% to 100% by mass of the separated and recovered low-melting-point resin.
  • Plastic waste derived from industrial waste is plastic waste generated as a result of business activities. Examples of plastic waste derived from industrial waste include substandard products and surplus production.
  • Plastic waste derived from marine plastic waste is plastic waste that has accumulated in the ocean due to plastic being directly dumped into the sea, or plastic discarded on land flowing into the sea via rivers and lakes.
  • Plastic waste derived from marine plastic waste includes, for example, plastic discarded in the ocean (plastic pieces, PET bottles, fishing gear), and microplastics that are plastic products that have deteriorated due to the effects of waves and ultraviolet rays and are now 5mm or smaller in size.
  • the content of low-melting point resin in the synthetic resin contained in the waste plastic residue may be, for example, 95% by mass or less, or may be, for example, in the range of 25% to 95% by mass, or in the range of 35% to 90% by mass.
  • the total content of PE, PP, and PS in the synthetic resin contained in the waste plastic residue may be 80% by mass or less, or may be 70% by mass or less.
  • the total content of PE, PP, and PS may be in any of the ranges of 5% to 80% by mass, 25% to 80% by mass, 25% to 75% by mass, or 30% to 70% by mass.
  • the plastic waste there are no particular restrictions on the form of the plastic waste, and it may be, for example, in the form of bales or chunks.
  • the plastic waste used in each production unit may be generated at different locations or times.
  • the standard deviation of the low-melting point resin content of the plastic waste used in each production unit may be 2% by mass or more, or may be in the range of 2% by mass or more and 23% by mass or less.
  • the particle size of the cellulose-based material particles is not particularly limited, but among particles with a major axis of 1.0 mm or greater, the content of particles with a major axis of 2.5 mm or greater may be 30% by number or less. Furthermore, the content of particles with a major axis of less than 1.5 mm may be 40% by number or more and 60% by number or less. The content of these particles can be determined by observing the cross section of the resin composition molded product using an optical microscope and measuring the particle diameter of the cellulose-based material particles.
  • the content of cellulose-based material particles with a major axis of 4.0 mm or more may be 2.0 particles/100 mm2 or less, or 1.0 particles/100 mm2 or less, as the average content contained in a 10 mm x 10 mm area of the cross section of the resin composition molded product.
  • the average content of cellulose-based material particles can be determined, for example, by dividing the cross section of the resin composition molded product into 10 mm x 10 mm areas and measuring the particle diameters of the cellulose-based material particles present in 1,000 of the divided areas using an optical microscope.
  • the cellulose-based material particles contain at least wood particles.
  • the cellulose-based material particles may also contain pulp particles as particles other than wood particles.
  • the wood particle content of the cellulose-based material particles may be 52% by mass or more, or 82% by mass or more.
  • the wood particles are, for example, crushed waste wood. In this case, resources can be used effectively. Examples of waste wood that can be used include construction waste, thinned wood, and sawdust.
  • the average major axis of the wood particles is, for example, less than 3 mm.
  • the content of the cellulose-based material particles is within the range of 12% by mass or more and 48% by mass or less.
  • the content of the cellulose-based material particles may also be within the range of 22% by mass or more and 38% by mass or less.
  • the ratio of the content of cellulose-based material particles to the content of low-melting-point resin contained in the resin substrate may be 4.0 or less.
  • the content of cellulose-based material particles may vary depending on the size of the cellulose-based material particles.
  • the content may be in the range of 12% by mass or more and 48% by mass or less.
  • the ratio of the content of cellulose-based material particles passing through a sieve with 1 mm openings to the content of low-melting-point resin may be within the range of 0.2 to 4.0.
  • the content may be in the range of 12% by mass or more and 38% by mass or less.
  • the ratio of the content of cellulose-based material particles that passed through a sieve with 2 mm openings to the content of low-melting-point resin may be within the range of 0.05 to 2.5.
  • the content may be in the range of 12% by mass or more and 38% by mass or less.
  • the ratio of the content of cellulose-based material particles that passed through a sieve with 3 mm openings to the content of low-melting-point resin may be within the range of 0.05 to 1.5.
  • the particle size of the non-low melting point resin particles is not particularly limited, but among particles with a major axis of 1.0 mm or more, the content of particles with a major axis of 2.5 mm or more may be 30% by number or less. The content of particles with a major axis of less than 1.5 mm may be 40% by number or more.
  • the content of non-low melting point resin particles with a major axis of 4.0 mm or more may be 2.0 particles/100 mm2 or less, or 1.0 particles/100 mm2 or less, as the average content contained in a 10 mm x 10 mm cross-sectional area of the resin composition molded product.
  • the content of non-low melting point resin particles is in the range of 12% by mass or more and 78% by mass or less relative to the total amount of the resin composition molded body.
  • the content of non-low melting point resin particles may be in the range of 17% by mass or more and 73% by mass or less, or in the range of 32% by mass or more and 58% by mass or less.
  • the content of non-low melting point resin particles and low melting point resin may be, for example, a ratio of the content of non-low melting point resin particles to the content of low melting point resin (content of non-low melting point resin particles/content of low melting point resin) of 0.3 or more and less than 10.
  • the paving material 1 may further contain additives.
  • additives include pigments, compatibilizers to improve the affinity between low-melting point resin particles, non-low-melting point resin particles, and wood particles, fillers, lubricants, weathering agents, heat stabilizers, foaming agents, antistatic agents, etc.
  • the content of the additives is, for example, in the range of 4% by mass or more and 11% by mass or less.
  • the resin composition molded product may contain inevitable impurities.
  • Inevitable impurities are impurities that are inevitably mixed in during the raw materials or production process.
  • Examples of inevitable impurities include aluminum derived from aluminum-deposited plastic contained in waste plastic used as a raw material for low-melting point resins and non-low-melting point resin particles.
  • the aluminum content relative to the total amount of the resin composition molded product may be, for example, less than 2 mass%.
  • the content of non-low melting point resin in the synthetic resin contained in the waste plastic residue may be, for example, 5% by mass or more, or may be in the range of 5% by mass to 75% by mass or less, or may be in the range of 10% by mass to 65% by mass or less.
  • the manufacturing method for paving material 1 includes a resin raw material preparation process, a wood particle preparation process, a mixing process, and an extrusion process.
  • a resin raw material preparation process is carried out.
  • the resin raw material preparation process for example, low-melting point resin and non-low-melting point resin particles are recovered from plastic raw materials.
  • the plastic raw materials are, for example, plastic waste.
  • the resin raw material preparation process includes, for example, a crushing process, a magnetic material removal process, a non-magnetic metal removal process, a water washing process, a volume reduction process, and a pulverization process.
  • the shredding process uses a shredder to shred plastic waste and obtain plastic fragments.
  • the magnetic substance removal process uses a magnetic separator to remove and recover magnetic substances contained in the plastic fragments.
  • the non-magnetic metal removal process uses a non-magnetic metal sorter to remove and recover non-magnetic metals contained in the plastic fragments.
  • the water washing process uses a wet grinding and washer equipped with a grinding function to grind the plastic fragments into coarse plastic particles, while washing and removing any attached matter that has adhered to the coarse plastic particles.
  • the attached matter includes organic matter such as oils and fats, food residue, and surfactants, and inorganic matter such as glass, pebbles, metal, shells, sand, desiccants, and oxygen absorbers.
  • the volume reduction process uses a compressor to remove moisture attached to the coarse plastic particles and reduce their volume.
  • the crushing process uses a crusher to crush the coarse plastic particles and obtain resin composition particles.
  • wood particles are collected from wood, for example.
  • the wood is, for example, waste wood.
  • the wood particle preparation process includes, for example, a crushing process, a magnetic substance removal process, and a grinding process.
  • the crushing process is a process in which wood is crushed using a crusher to obtain wood chips.
  • the magnetic substance removal process is a process in which magnetic substances contained in the wood chips are removed and recovered using a magnetic separator.
  • the pulverization process is a process in which wood chips are crushed using a crusher to obtain wood particles. The wood chips may be crushed simultaneously with the crushing of the coarse plastic particles using the same equipment as that used to crush the coarse plastic particles described above.
  • the plastic raw materials and wood used in the resin raw material preparation process and wood particle preparation process are not limited to waste, but may also be valuable resources.
  • ready-made resin powder or wood flour may be prepared as low-melting point resin and non-low-melting point resin particles or wood particles.
  • a mixing process is carried out.
  • low-melting point resin and non-low-melting point resin particles are mixed with wood particles.
  • the resin particles/resin composition particles and wood particles are placed in a mixer.
  • the mixer is, for example, a heater mixer.
  • the resin particles/resin composition particles and wood particles are kneaded while being heated in the mixer. This makes it possible to obtain a mixture in which the raw materials are uniformly dispersed (hereinafter sometimes referred to as the "raw material mixture").
  • the total content of low-melting point resin and non-low-melting point resin in the raw material mixture is, for example, within the range of 50 to 90% by mass.
  • the content of wood particles is, for example, within the range of 5 to 40% by mass.
  • the content of additives is, for example, within the range of 5 to 40% by mass.
  • the ratio of the content of low-melting point resin to the content of non-low-melting point resin in the resin composition powder mixture is, for example, within the range of 1/3 to 5 by mass.
  • the extrusion process is carried out.
  • the raw material mixture is extruded using an extrusion molding machine.
  • the raw material mixture is extruded from the nozzle of the extrusion molding machine while being molded into the desired shape.
  • the opening shape of the nozzle is the same as the shape of the paving material 1 when viewed in the length direction L. Therefore, the molded body that emerges from the nozzle has the back side recess 12, front side recess 15, etc. formed in the desired shapes.
  • Each side of the main body 10 and the opening end of each back side recess 12 are, for example, rounded.
  • the molded body formed in the extrusion process is cut in a direction perpendicular to the direction in which the molded body is extruded. This makes it possible to obtain molded bodies of the desired dimensions.
  • the back-side recess 12 and the front-side recess 15 are each provided to penetrate the main body 10 in the longitudinal direction L. With this configuration, the back-side recess 12 and the front-side recess 15 can be easily formed in the main body 10 by extrusion molding.
  • each part of the main body 10 may be formed by grinding the molded body after the extrusion process.
  • the molding temperature of the extruder varies depending on factors such as the type and content of the low-melting-point resin contained in the raw material mixture, but it is preferable to set it at 80°C or higher. This allows the low-melting-point resin particles to melt.
  • a molded product can be obtained in which non-low-melting-point resin particles and wood particles are dispersed in the low-melting-point resin. Because wood particles decompose and gasify at temperatures above 190°C, which can cause bubbles to form in the molded product of the raw material mixture, it is preferable that the molding temperature of the extruder be below 190°C.
  • the method for producing the paving material 1 (resin composition molded product) of this embodiment may also include an analysis step.
  • the analysis step is carried out before the mixing step.
  • the analysis step is a step for analyzing the composition of the resin composition powder.
  • the ratio of the content of low-melting point resin to the content of non-low-melting point resin in the resin composition powder can be used as the composition of the resin composition powder.
  • the content of low-melting-point resin and non-low-melting-point resin in a resin composition powder can be analyzed by, for example, separating the low-melting-point resin and non-low-melting-point resin using the difference in specific gravity between the two, and then measuring the content of each separated resin.
  • a resin composition powder is immersed in a heavy liquid as a sample powder.
  • the amount of floating matter rising to the surface of the heavy liquid and the amount of sediment that sinks are measured.
  • the floating matter is scooped out of the heavy liquid.
  • the sediment is recovered by filtering the heavy liquid after all of the floating matter has been scooped out.
  • the recovered floating matter and sediment are washed with water and then dried, and the amounts of floating matter and sediment are measured.
  • the amount of floating matter is then taken as the content of low-melting-point resin, and the amount of sediment is taken as the content of non-low-melting-point resin. This allows the content of low-melting-point resin and non-low-melting-point resin to be measured quickly and accurately.
  • the specific gravity of the heavy liquid can be, for example, 1.08 to 1.13. This allows for more accurate measurement of the content of low-melting-point and non-low-melting-point resins.
  • the heavy liquid can be, for example, an organic solvent such as ethylene glycol, or an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt such as sodium chloride.
  • the particle size of the sample powder can be 3 mm or less.
  • resin powder that would normally settle in the heavy liquid may float to the surface.
  • the mixing ratio of the resin composition powder to the melting point resin-containing powder and/or the non-low melting point resin-containing powder may be adjusted in the mixing step based on the ratio of the low melting point resin content to the non-low melting point resin content in the resin composition powder obtained in the analysis step.
  • the ratio of low-melting point resin to non-low-melting point resin in the resin composition powder is determined during the analysis process, and the content of low-melting point resin and non-low-melting point resin is adjusted to an appropriate component ratio during the mixing process, so the viscosity of the molten raw material mixture can be maintained at a stable level. This improves moldability during extrusion. This makes it possible to use plastic waste in shapes that are difficult to mold, further expanding the scope of applications for the effective use of plastic waste.
  • the construction method for paving material 1 is what is known as improved pressure-bonding.
  • the construction method for paving material 1 includes step S1 of placing a first base 51 on the ground G, step S2 of placing a second base 52 on the first base 51, step S3 of placing a first adhesive 53 on the second base 52, step S4 of placing a second adhesive 54 on the back surface F2 of paving material 1, step S5 of joining the first adhesive 53 and the second adhesive 54, and step S6 of filling the joints.
  • Step S5 of joining the first adhesive 53 and the second adhesive 54 is sometimes simply referred to as the "joining step S5.”
  • step S1 is carried out to place the first base 51 on the ground G.
  • the first base 51 is, for example, concrete.
  • the concrete is placed on the ground G to form a concrete layer.
  • surface treatment of the first base 51 is carried out. Dirt and other debris on the top surface of the first base 51 is removed using a wire brush, scraper, etc.
  • a water absorption adjuster is applied to the top surface of the first base 51 to adjust the water absorption of the first base 51. Note that, as a preliminary step to the step of placing the first base 51 on the ground G, gravel removal, ground compaction, etc. may also be carried out.
  • step S2 is carried out, in which the second base 52 is placed on the first base 51.
  • the second base 52 is, for example, basa mortar or mortar. Basa mortar or the like is placed on the first base 51 to form a layer of basa mortar or the like. This is then cured, for example, for about two weeks.
  • any dirt or other impurities on the top surface of the second base 52 are removed using a sander, scraper, wire brush, high-pressure washer, or the like.
  • a water absorption adjuster is applied to the top surface of the second base 52 to adjust the water absorption of the second base 52.
  • process S1 of placing the first base 51 on the ground G and the process S2 of placing the second base 52 on the first base 51 correspond to the process of placing a base on the ground G.
  • step S3 is carried out, in which a first adhesive 53 is placed on the second base 52.
  • the first adhesive 53 is, for example, mortar.
  • a paste-like mortar is prepared as the first adhesive 53.
  • the paste-like first adhesive 53 is applied to the upper surface of the second base 52.
  • the first adhesive 53 is rubbed onto the second base 52 to adhere the first adhesive 53 and the second base 52 together.
  • the first adhesive 53 is applied over the first adhesive 53 on the second base 52.
  • the thickness of the first adhesive 53 applied over the second base 52 is, for example, in the range of 3 mm to 4 mm for the two layers combined.
  • step S4 is carried out to place the second adhesive 54 on the back surface F2 of the paving material 1.
  • the second adhesive 54 is, for example, mortar. Mortar paste is prepared as the second adhesive 54.
  • the paste-like second adhesive 54 is applied to the back surface F2 of the paving material 1.
  • the second adhesive 54 is filled into the internal space 12a of each back recess 12.
  • the second adhesive 54 is placed from the back surface F2 into the internal space 12a of each back recess 12. Note that the second adhesive 54 does not have to fill the entire internal space 12a of the back recess 12, and may only fill a portion of the internal space 12a of the back recess 12 on the open end side.
  • the bonding process S5 is performed.
  • the paving material 1 with the second adhesive 54 applied to its back surface F2 is placed on the first adhesive 53 applied to the second base 52. This bonds the first adhesive 53 and the second adhesive 54. At this time, the first adhesive 53 and the second adhesive 54 are bonded in a paste state.
  • Multiple paving materials 1 are arranged in the desired pattern on the first adhesive 53 applied to the second base 52. Adjacent paving materials 1 may be spaced apart or abutting. The multiple paving materials 1 may be arranged so that the length directions L of each paving material 1 are parallel or intersecting.
  • the first adhesive 53 and the second adhesive 54 harden, the paving material 1 and the second base 52 are bonded together by the first adhesive 53 and the second adhesive 54.
  • the first adhesive 53 and the second adhesive 54 correspond to adhesives.
  • joint filling process S6 is carried out.
  • Joint material is filled between adjacent paving materials 1.
  • the joint material is, for example, joint sand. If excess first adhesive 53 or second adhesive 54 is present between adjacent paving materials 1, the excess first adhesive 53 or second adhesive 54 is removed with a joint trowel or the like prior to the joint filling process S6.
  • the paving material 1 of this embodiment provides the following effects:
  • the paving material 1 comprises a main body 10 having a mating front surface F1 and back surface F2.
  • the main body 10 is provided with at least one back recess 12 that extends in the length direction L and opens to the lower side T2 in the thickness direction.
  • the back recess 12 has at least one engaging recess 13 with an inner peripheral surface 12b formed to sandwich at least one of the ends of the internal space 12a in the width direction W in the thickness direction T.
  • the paving material 1 becomes more susceptible to warping.
  • warping of the paving material 1 can be suppressed. Therefore, it is easier to make the paving material 1 low-profile.
  • the engagement recess 13 is located at two different positions in the thickness direction T, with the width W dimension of the internal space 13a at the upper thickness direction position T1 being larger than the width W dimension of the internal space 13a at the lower thickness direction position T2.
  • This configuration makes it possible to further strengthen the anchor effect that occurs on the back surface F2 of the paving material 1, thereby more effectively suppressing warping of the paving material 1.
  • the engagement recess 13 is a dovetail groove.
  • This configuration makes it possible to further strengthen the anchor effect that occurs on the back surface F2 of the paving material 1, thereby more effectively suppressing warping of the paving material 1.
  • the engagement recess 13 has an isosceles trapezoidal shape in which the width W dimension increases toward the upper side T1 in the thickness direction when viewed in the length direction L, it is possible to prevent the position of the paving material 1 from shifting in the width direction W in either direction of the width direction W. This makes it possible to effectively prevent the position of the paving material 1 from shifting.
  • the main body 10 is provided with multiple engagement recesses 13 spaced apart in the width direction W.
  • This configuration makes it possible to prevent the paving material 1 from separating from the ground G at multiple locations in the width direction W of the paving material 1. This effectively prevents the paving material 1 from warping in the width direction W.
  • At least the rear recesses 12 at both ends in the width direction W each serve as an engagement recess 13.
  • This configuration makes it easier to increase the distance between the engagement recesses 13 in the width direction W. This makes it possible to more effectively suppress warping of the paving material 1 in the width direction W.
  • one engagement recess 13 is located on the opposite side of the center of the width direction W of the main body 10 from the other engagement recess 13.
  • This configuration makes it possible to prevent the paving material 1 from separating from the ground G in the regions on each end side of the paving material 1 in the width direction W. This makes it possible to more effectively prevent warping of the paving material 1 in the width direction W.
  • the multiple rear recesses 12 have at least one first engagement recess having an inner circumferential surface 12b formed to sandwich the end of one widthwise side W1 of the internal space 12a in the thickness direction T, and at least one second engagement recess having an inner circumferential surface 12b formed to sandwich the end of the other widthwise side W2 of the internal space 12a in the thickness direction T.
  • the first engagement recess prevents the position of the paving material 1 from shifting to the other widthwise side W2 and the second engagement recess prevents the position of the paving material 1 from shifting to the one widthwise side W1. This effectively prevents the position of the paving material 1 from shifting.
  • the paving material 1 contains wood particles.
  • This configuration allows for the creation of a paving material 1 that has a texture similar to that of wood. This enhances the design of the paving material 1.
  • the backside recess 12 can suppress the paving material 1 from absorbing water and expanding, as well as warping of the paving material 1 that would result from the paving material 1 absorbing water. This makes it possible to suppress warping of the paving material 1 while enhancing the design of the paving material 1.
  • the paving material 1 contains a low-melting-point resin, and non-low-melting-point resin particles and wood particles dispersed in the low-melting-point resin.
  • the low-melting-point resin has a melting point in the range of 80°C or higher and lower than 190°C.
  • the non-low-melting-point resin particles contain at least one of a high-melting-point resin and a thermosetting resin with a melting point of 190°C or higher.
  • the wood particles are dispersed in the low-melting-point resin. This prevents the wood particles from coming into contact with water, thereby reducing water absorption by the wood particles.
  • Non-low-melting-point resin particles are dispersed in the low-melting-point resin. This prevents an increase in the water absorption of the paving material 1 while increasing the impact resistance of the paving material 1.
  • the mixture of wood particles, non-low melting point resin particles, and low melting point resin is heated to melt the low melting point resin.
  • the wood particles will gasify at high temperatures. This can cause bubbles to form in the molded product of the raw material mixture, which can mar the appearance of the molded product.
  • the melting point of the low-melting resin is in the range of 80°C or higher and lower than 190°C. Therefore, the low-melting resin can be melted at a temperature in the range of 80°C or higher and lower than 190°C.
  • gasification of wood particles can be suppressed. Therefore, the generation of bubbles in the molded product of the raw material mixture can be suppressed, while wood particles and non-low-melting resin particles can be dispersed in the low-melting resin.
  • this configuration allows the paving material 1 to be made lighter, thereby improving workability when installing the paving material 1, etc.
  • the paving material 1 is used with the back surface F2 facing the ground, with the adhesive in contact with the back surface F2.
  • the method for constructing the paving material 1 includes step S1 of placing a first base 51 on the ground G, step S2 of placing a second base 52 on the first base 51, step S3 of placing a first adhesive 53 on the second base 52, step S4 of placing a second adhesive 54 on the back surface F2 of the paving material 1, and step S5 of joining the first adhesive 53 and the second adhesive 54.
  • step S4 in which the second adhesive 54 is placed on the back surface F2 of the paving material 1, the second adhesive 54 can be efficiently inserted into the internal space 12a of the back recess 12. This allows for a more efficient anchoring effect between the paving material 1 and the second base 52. This more efficiently prevents warping of the paving material 1.
  • the main body 10 has five rear recesses 12 arranged in the width direction W.
  • Each of the five rear recesses 12 has two engagement recesses 13.
  • two or more engagement recesses 13 are provided on the main body 10 at intervals in the width direction W. In this case, warping of the paving material 1 in the width direction W can be more effectively suppressed.
  • the five back-side recesses 12 include three that do not qualify as engagement recesses 13.
  • the engagement recesses 13 and the back-side recesses 12 that do not qualify as engagement recesses are arranged alternately.
  • the central back-side recess 12, and the back-side recess 12 furthest to the other widthwise side W2 are back-side recesses 12 that do not qualify as engagement recesses.
  • the main body 10 may be provided with back-side recesses 12 that do not qualify as engagement recesses.
  • one engagement recess 13 be located on the opposite side of the center of the width direction W of the main body 10 from the other engagement recess 13. In this case, warping of the paving material 1 in the width direction W can be more effectively suppressed.
  • the internal space 12a of the back recess 12 that does not correspond to the engagement recess 13 has, for example, an isosceles trapezoidal shape when viewed in the length direction L, with the width direction W dimension decreasing toward the upper side T1 in the thickness direction.
  • the shape of the internal space 12a of the back recess 12 that does not correspond to the engagement recess when viewed in the length direction L is not limited to this.
  • the region of the inner circumferential surface 12b of one back-side recess 12 facing the other back-side recess 12 and the region of the inner circumferential surface 12b of the other back-side recess 12 facing the one back-side recess 12 extend parallel to each other in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L. This makes it easier to maintain a distance between adjacent back-side recesses 12, thereby improving the impact resistance of the paving material 1.
  • the main body 10 also has at least one side recess 16 that opens in the width direction W.
  • the opposing outer surfaces of the main body 10 in the width direction W are referred to as "side surfaces F3."
  • the side recess 16 is recessed from the side surface F3.
  • the side recess 16 is groove-shaped extending in the length direction L.
  • the side recess 16 penetrates the main body 10 in the length direction L.
  • the internal space 16a of the side recess 16 is triangular when viewed in the length direction L.
  • the size of the recess in the side recess 16 is smaller than the size of the recess in the back recess 12.
  • Multiple side recesses 16 are provided and lined up in the thickness direction T.
  • the shape of the internal space 16a of the side recess 16 when viewed in the length direction L is not particularly limited.
  • joint material or adhesive is placed between adjacent paving materials 1, the joint material or adhesive can penetrate into the internal space 16a of the side recess 16. Therefore, when the paving material 1 attempts to warp in the width direction W, the end of the paving material 1 in the width direction W gets caught on the joint material or adhesive. This helps prevent the paving material 1 from warping.
  • At least one side recess 16 is provided on each of the opposing side surfaces F3, and more specifically, multiple side recesses 16 are provided on each. This makes it possible to more effectively prevent warping of the paving materials 1 when joint material or the like is placed between adjacent paving materials 1.
  • side recesses 16 are not an essential component.
  • the provision of the engagement recesses 13 in the main body 10 can adequately prevent warping of the paving material 1.
  • a paving material 1 according to a third embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to Fig. 6.
  • the following description will focus on differences from the first embodiment, and the same components as those in the first embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.
  • the main body 10 is provided with 10 rear recesses 12. More specifically, the 10 rear recesses 12 are provided at equal intervals in the width direction W. As such, the number of rear recesses 12 is not particularly limited.
  • the central back-side recess 12 (referred to as the "back-side recess 17") is located in the center of the width direction W of the main body 10.
  • the raw material mixture tends to collect near the center of the width direction W of the main body 10 during molding. For this reason, there is a risk that the center of the width direction W of the main body 10 will bulge in the thickness direction T.
  • a backside recess 17 is provided in the center of the width direction W of the main body 10. For this reason, even if the raw material mixture collects near the center of the width direction W of the main body 10 during molding, the excess raw material mixture will rise toward the internal space 17a of the backside recess 17. This prevents the back surface F2 of the main body 10 from becoming convex toward the lower thickness direction T2. This prevents poor molding of the paving material 1.
  • the thickness direction T dimension of the internal space 17a of the rear recess 17 is smaller than the thickness direction T dimension of the internal space 12a of the rear recess 12 excluding the rear recess 17. This prevents a decrease in the impact resistance of the paving material 1.
  • the internal space 17a of the rear recess 17 has a hemispherical shape that is convex toward the upper side T1 in the thickness direction when viewed in the length direction L.
  • the back-side recess 12 located furthest to one widthwise side W1 is recessed from the end on one widthwise side W1 and the lower thicknesswise side T2 of the main body 10 toward the other widthwise side W2 and the upper thicknesswise side.
  • the back-side recess 19A has an inner peripheral surface 12b (referred to as the “inner peripheral surface 19Bb") formed to sandwich the end on the other widthwise side W2 of its internal space 12a (referred to as the "internal space 19Aa”) in the thickness direction T. Therefore, the back-side recess 19A corresponds to an engagement recess and a second engagement recess.
  • the back-side recess 12 located furthest to the other widthwise side W2 is recessed from the end on the other widthwise side W2 and the lower thicknesswise side T2 of the main body 10 toward the one widthwise side W1 and the upper thicknesswise side.
  • the back-side recess 19B has an inner peripheral surface 12b (referred to as the “inner peripheral surface 19Bb") formed to sandwich the end on the one widthwise side W1 of its internal space 12a (referred to as the "internal space 19Ba”) in the thicknesswise direction T. Therefore, the back-side recess 19B corresponds to an engagement recess and a first engagement recess.
  • the rear recess 12 does not necessarily have to be spaced apart from each end of the main body 10 in the width direction W.
  • the four back recesses 12 located between the back recess 19A and the central back recess 17 have internal spaces 12a that, when viewed in the length direction L, form parallelogram shapes with diagonals of different lengths; more specifically, the parallelogram shapes incline toward the other widthwise side W2 as they move toward the upper thickness direction T1.
  • the four back-side recesses 12 located between the back-side recess 19A and the central back-side recess 17 have inner circumferential surfaces 12b formed to sandwich the end of the internal space 12a on the other widthwise side W2 in the thickness direction T. Furthermore, in a cross-sectional view in the longitudinal direction L, in the region of the inner circumferential surface 12b of the back-side recess 12 on the other widthwise side W2 of the reference line SL, the distance between the inner circumferential surface 12b and the reference line SL at the upper thickness direction side T1 is greater than the distance between the inner circumferential surface 12b and the reference line SL at the lower thickness direction side T2, among two different positions in the thickness direction T. Therefore, the four back-side recesses 12 located between the back-side recess 19A and the central back-side recess 17 correspond to an engagement recess and a second engagement recess.
  • the four back recesses 12 located between the back recess 19B and the central back recess 17 have internal spaces 12a that, when viewed in the length direction L, form parallelogram shapes with diagonals of different lengths; more specifically, the parallelogram shapes tilt toward one widthwise side W1 as they move toward the upper thickness direction T1.
  • the four back-side recesses 12 located between the back-side recess 19B and the central back-side recess 17 have inner circumferential surfaces 12b formed to sandwich the end of their internal space 12a on one widthwise side W1 in the thickness direction T. Furthermore, in a cross-sectional view in the lengthwise direction L, in the region of the inner circumferential surface 12b of the back-side recess 12 on one widthwise side W1 of the reference line SL, the distance between the inner circumferential surface 12b and the reference line SL at the upper thickness direction position is greater than the distance between the inner circumferential surface 12b and the reference line SL at the lower thickness direction position T2. Therefore, the four back-side recesses 12 located between the back-side recess 19B and the central back-side recess 17 correspond to engagement recesses and first engagement recesses.
  • the shape of the internal space 13a of the engagement recess 13 as viewed in the length direction L is not limited to that of the first embodiment.
  • the main body 10 be provided with at least one first engagement recess and at least one second engagement recess.
  • a paving material 1 according to a fourth embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to Fig. 7.
  • the following description will focus on differences from the third embodiment, and the same components as those in the third embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals and will not be described.
  • the main body 10 is provided with seven rear recesses 12.
  • the seven rear recesses 12 are arranged at equal intervals in the width direction W.
  • the central rear recess 12 of the seven rear recesses 12 is located in the center of the main body 10 in the width direction W.
  • the shape of the end portion on the lower side T2 in the thickness direction of each end portion in the width direction W of the main body portion 10 is different from that in the third embodiment.
  • the end portion on the lower side T2 in the thickness direction of each end portion in the width direction W of the main body portion 10 is beveled.
  • the shape of the internal space 12a of the rear recess 12 located at the center in the width direction W among the seven rear recesses 12 is an isosceles trapezoid when viewed in the length direction L, with the width direction W dimension decreasing toward the upper side T1 in the thickness direction.
  • the width direction W dimension of the central back side recess 12 among the seven back side recesses 12 is larger than the width direction W dimension of the back side recesses 12 excluding the central back side recess 12 among the seven back side recesses 12. In this way, the width direction W dimensions of the multiple back side recesses 12 do not need to be the same.
  • the center of the width direction W of the main body 10 and the internal space 12a of the rear recess 12 overlap in the thickness direction T.
  • the internal space 12a of the rear recess 12 that overlaps with the center of the width direction W of the main body 10 has a larger width direction W dimension compared to the third embodiment. This makes it possible to prevent the main body 10 from becoming thicker near the center of the width direction W during molding over a wider area.
  • a paving material 1 according to a fifth embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to Fig. 8.
  • the following description will focus on differences from the eighth embodiment, and the same components as those in the fourth embodiment will be denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof will be omitted.
  • each rear recess 12 is different from that in the fourth embodiment.
  • the six back-side recesses 12, excluding the central back-side recess 12, have a shape when viewed in the length direction L of the internal space 12a of the back-side recess 12 that is the inverse of the shape of the internal space 12a of the back-side recess 12 in the fourth embodiment when viewed in the length direction L, in the width direction W. Therefore, of the seven back-side recesses 12, the three back-side recesses 12 located on one width direction side W1 of the central back-side recess 12 correspond to first engagement recesses. Of the seven back-side recesses 12, the three back-side recesses 12 located on the other width direction side W2 of the central back-side recess 12 correspond to second engagement recesses.
  • the back-side recesses 12 provided in the region of the main body 10 closer to the one widthwise side W1 are not limited to second engagement recesses, but may be first engagement recesses or second engagement recesses.
  • the back-side recesses 12 provided in the region of the main body 10 closer to the other widthwise side W2 are not limited to first engagement recesses, but may be first engagement recesses or second engagement recesses.
  • the multiple back-side recesses 12 provided in the region of the main body 10 closer to the one widthwise side W1 may have first engagement recesses and second engagement recesses.
  • the multiple back-side recesses 12 provided in the region of the main body 10 closer to the other widthwise side W2 may have first engagement recesses and second engagement recesses.
  • the first engagement recesses and second engagement recesses may be arranged alternately at intervals in the width direction W.
  • the internal space 12a of the central back recess 12 of the seven back recesses 12 has an isosceles trapezoidal shape when viewed in the length direction L, with the width direction W dimension increasing toward the upper side T1 in the thickness direction.
  • the region of the inner surface 12b of one back-side recess 12 facing the other back-side recess 12 and the region of the inner surface 12b of the other back-side recess 12 facing the one back-side recess 12 extend parallel to each other in a cross section perpendicular to the longitudinal direction L. This makes it easier to ensure the spacing between adjacent back-side recesses 12, thereby making it easier to ensure the strength of the paving material 1.
  • the central back-side recess 12 corresponds to the engagement recess, first engagement recess, second engagement recess, and dovetail groove.
  • the back recess 12, front recess 15, and side recess 16 may be formed by recessing the outer surface of the main body 10, or may be formed between two protrusions protruding from the main body 10.
  • the main body 10 has a generally rectangular plate shape overall, but the shape of the main body 10 is not particularly limited. Furthermore, the shape of the main body 10 in a plan view in the thickness direction T is also not particularly limited, and may be, for example, a square or a rectangle.
  • the main body 10 may have at least one hollow portion.
  • the main body 10 may have a hollow structure.
  • the hollow portion extends in the length direction L. This makes it possible to suppress warping of the main body 10 in the length direction L.
  • multiple hollow portions are provided in the main body 10, lined up in the width direction W. In this case, it is possible to suppress warping of the main body 10 in the width direction W.
  • the hollow portion penetrates the main body in the length direction L. In this case, the hollow portion can be easily formed in the main body 10 by extrusion molding.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the internal space of the hollow portion in the length direction L is not particularly limited. However, it is preferable that the inner surface of the hollow portion be formed in a curved shape. In this case, it is possible to suppress stress concentration in the angular portions of the inner surface of the hollow portion.
  • the shape of the engagement recess 13 is not limited to that of the above embodiments.
  • the inner peripheral surface 13b of the engagement recess 13 may include a flat portion, a curved portion, or a stepped portion.
  • the shape of the internal space 13a of the engagement recess 13 as viewed in the length direction L can be a variety of shapes, including a circle, an ellipse, a polygon, or a combination thereof.
  • the shape of the internal space 13a of the engagement recess 13 as viewed in the length direction L may include a rectangular region formed to include the opening of the engagement recess 13, and a circular region formed on the upper side T1 of the rectangular region in the thickness direction, with a width W dimension greater than the width W dimension of the rectangular region.
  • the internal space 13a of the engagement recess 13 is narrower on the opening side than on the back side, which can favorably generate an anchor effect. Furthermore, this can prevent the main body 10 from becoming sharp near the opening of the engagement recess 13 and suppress stress concentration on the inner surface 13b of the engagement recess 13, thereby improving the durability of the main body 10.
  • the rear recesses 12 are arranged at equal intervals, but they do not necessarily have to be arranged at equal intervals.
  • the main body 10 is provided with a front-side recess 15, but the front-side recess 15 is not an essential component. There is no particular limit to the number of front-side recesses 15 provided on the main body 10. There are no particular limits to the size and shape of the front-side recesses 15 provided on the main body 10. Furthermore, if the main body 10 is provided with multiple front-side recesses 15, the multiple front-side recesses 15 may each have a different size and may each have a different shape.
  • the main body 10 is provided with a side recess 16, but the side recess 16 is not a required component.
  • the number of side recesses 16 provided on the main body 10 is not particularly limited.
  • one of the pair of side surfaces F3 may be provided with a side recess 16, and the other side surface F3 may be provided with a side protrusion that is convex in the width direction W and can be inserted into the side recess 16.
  • inserting the side protrusion 18 of one paving material 1 into the side recess 16 of the other paving material 1 can suppress warping of the paving materials 1.
  • shifting of the paving materials 1 can be suppressed.
  • the paving material 1 contains a low-melting-point resin and non-low-melting-point resin particles and wood particles dispersed in the low-melting-point resin, the melting point of the low-melting-point resin being in the range of 80°C or higher and lower than 190°C, and the non-low-melting-point resin particles containing at least one of a high-melting-point resin with a melting point of 190°C or higher and a thermosetting resin with a melting point of 190°C or higher, but the material of the paving material 1 is not particularly limited.
  • the paving material 1 does not need to contain wood particles, or various resin materials.
  • the paving material 1 is used with the back surface F2 facing the ground, with the adhesive in contact with the back surface F2, but this is not limited to this.
  • the paving material 1 may be used with a portion of it buried in the ground. Even in this case, as long as soil or the like has penetrated into the back recess 12 and hardened to the extent that an anchoring effect can be generated, warping of the paving material 1 can be suppressed.
  • the configurations of the above embodiments are preferred in that they can generate an anchoring effect more reliably.
  • the construction method for paving material 1 is not limited to the methods described in the above embodiments.
  • the construction method for paving material 1 is not limited to improved pressure-bonding.
  • the first base 51 and the second base 52 are placed on the ground G, but the base placed on the ground G may be one layer, or three or more layers.
  • the step of applying a second adhesive to the back surface F2 of the paving material is not a required component.
  • the method for applying paving material 1 may include a step of applying paving material 1 without adhesive on top of a paste-like adhesive placed on the substrate.
  • the method for applying paving material 1 can be modified as appropriate, as long as it is possible to ensure that the adhesive is in place within the engagement recess 13 of the main body 10 when the paving material 1 is in use.
  • the first adhesive 53 and the second adhesive 54 may be made of the same material or different materials. There are no particular limitations on the materials used for the first adhesive 53 and the second adhesive 54.
  • waste materials 1 to 4 were used as plastic waste, with the low-melting point resin and non-low-melting point resin contents shown in Table 1 below.
  • Wastes 1 to 4 are waste plastic residues derived from general waste that remain after low-melting point resin is separated and recovered from general waste.
  • the ratio of low-melting point resin content to non-low-melting point resin content of waste materials 1 to 4 is lower than that of general waste. This makes material recycling difficult. Material recycling is particularly difficult for materials with a low-melting point resin content/non-low-melting point resin content ratio of less than 1.00.
  • Recycled resin is low-melting point resin separated and recovered from general waste. Recycled resin has a high low-melting point resin content/non-low-melting point resin content ratio and is used for material recycling.
  • Example 1 (Production of resin composition powder) Waste 1 was fed into a crusher and crushed. The crushed material obtained was subjected to a high-magnetic pulley-type magnetic separator with a magnetic force of 2000 gauss on the belt surface to remove iron-containing materials. Next, the crushed material from which the iron-containing materials had been removed was crushed in a uniaxial coarse crusher until it passed through a 50 mm mesh sieve, obtaining plastic fragments (crushing process). The magnetic materials contained in the obtained plastic fragments were removed and recovered using a hanging magnetic separator and a pulley-type magnetic separator (magnetic material removal process).
  • non-magnetic metals contained in the plastic fragments were removed and recovered using a non-magnetic metal separator (non-magnetic metal removal process).
  • the plastic fragments were crushed and washed using a wet crushing and washing machine until they passed through a 12 mm mesh sieve, obtaining coarse plastic particles (water washing process).
  • the coarse plastic particles obtained in the wet grinding and washing machine were compressed and dehydrated using a volume reduction and compression dehydrator to reduce the volume, resulting in a coarse plastic powder with a moisture content of 0.5% by mass (volume reduction process).
  • the coarse plastic powder was pulverized using a cutter mill-type pulverizer until it passed through a sieve with 2 mm openings (pulverization process).
  • Method for producing resin composition molded article 60 parts by mass of resin composition powder, 30 parts by mass of wood powder, and 10 parts by mass of additives (a mixture containing pigments, compatibilizers, inorganic fillers, lubricants, and weather-resistant materials) were mixed at 150°C using a heater mixer. The resulting mixture was molded using an extruder equipped with a rectangular cross-sectional mold 30 mm thick and 300 mm wide to obtain a plate-shaped resin composition molded product. During extrusion molding, a backside recess with an engaging recess was formed in the resin composition molded product. The composition of the resulting resin composition molded product is shown in Table 3 below.
  • the bending strength (three-point bending) of a full-scale specimen is measured in accordance with Method B of JIS A 5741:2016 (recycled wood-plastic composite materials).
  • a bending strength of 20 MPa or more is rated as "S”
  • 15 MPa or more but less than 20 MPa is rated as "A”
  • 10 MPa or more but less than 15 MPa is rated as "B”
  • less than 10 MPa is rated as "C”.
  • Mold resistance The area of the sample on which mycelia have grown after two weeks is measured according to Method A specified in Appendix A (Testing of Plastic Products) of JIS Z 2911:2018 (Testing Methods for Mold Resistance). Mold resistance is rated as "A” if the growth area is less than 25%, "B” if it is 25% or more but less than 50%, and "C” if it is 50% or more.
  • Example 2 to 16 Resin composition powder and wood flour were produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the conditions for producing the resin composition powder and the wood flour were changed as shown in Table 2, and resin composition molded articles were produced using the obtained resin composition powder and wood flour.
  • Table 3 shows the bending strength, water resistance, and mold resistance of the obtained resin composition molded articles.
  • the results of Examples 1 to 16 confirmed that by performing the magnetic substance removal process, non-magnetic metal removal process, water washing process, and volume reduction process in accordance with the present disclosure, waste plastic residues that were previously used for thermal recycling can be used for material recycling.
  • a paving material comprising a main body portion having a mating front and back surface, wherein the direction perpendicular to the back surface is defined as the thickness direction, the direction in the thickness direction when the front surface is viewed from the back surface is defined as the upper thickness direction, the direction in the thickness direction when the back surface is viewed from the front surface is defined as the lower thickness direction, one direction perpendicular to the thickness direction is defined as the length direction, and the direction perpendicular to the thickness direction and the length direction is defined as the width direction, the main body portion has at least one back recess extending in the length direction and opening to the lower side in the thickness direction, and the back recess has at least one engaging recess having an inner surface formed to sandwich at least one of the widthwise ends of the internal space in the thickness direction.
  • Aspect 8 Aspect 8.
  • a paving material according to claim 8 comprising a low melting point resin, and non-low melting point resin particles and wood particles dispersed in the low melting point resin, wherein the low melting point resin has a melting point in the range of 80°C or higher and lower than 190°C, and the non-low melting point resin particles comprise at least one of a high melting point resin and a thermosetting resin having a melting point of 190°C or higher.
  • a method for constructing a paving material comprising the steps of: placing a base on the ground; placing a first adhesive on the base; placing a second adhesive on the back surface of the paving material described in any one of aspects 1 to 10; and joining the first adhesive and the second adhesive.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un matériau de pavage capable de supprimer de manière appropriée un gauchissement.　Un matériau de pavage 1 comprend une partie corps 10 présentant une surface avant F1 et une surface arrière F2 appariées. La partie corps 10 est pourvue d'au moins un évidement côté arrière 12 s'étendant dans la direction de la longueur et ouvert sur le côté inférieur dans le sens de l'épaisseur. L'évidement côté arrière 12 présente au moins un évidement de mise en prise 13 présentant une surface périphérique interne 12b formée de manière à prendre en étau, dans le sens d'épaisseur T, au moins une extrémité des extrémités d'un espace interne 12a dans le sens de la largeur W.
PCT/JP2025/013787 2024-04-10 2025-04-04 Matériau de pavage et procédé de construction pour matériau de pavage Pending WO2025216195A1 (fr)

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JP2024-063619 2024-04-10

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5822603B2 (ja) * 1977-12-29 1983-05-10 シヨ−ボンド建設株式会社 盲人用交通安全装備の敷設方法
JPH0618409U (ja) * 1992-08-13 1994-03-11 松下電工株式会社 舗装床材の取り付け構造
JPH108690A (ja) * 1996-06-25 1998-01-13 Kooeki:Kk 床構造及びその施工方法
JP2015529582A (ja) * 2012-08-28 2015-10-08 ウーペーエム−キュンメネ コーポレイションＵＰＭ−Ｋｙｍｍｅｎｅ Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎ 複合製品を製造するための方法およびシステム、ならびに複合製品

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5822603B2 (ja) * 1977-12-29 1983-05-10 シヨ−ボンド建設株式会社 盲人用交通安全装備の敷設方法
JPH0618409U (ja) * 1992-08-13 1994-03-11 松下電工株式会社 舗装床材の取り付け構造
JPH108690A (ja) * 1996-06-25 1998-01-13 Kooeki:Kk 床構造及びその施工方法
JP2015529582A (ja) * 2012-08-28 2015-10-08 ウーペーエム−キュンメネ コーポレイションＵＰＭ−Ｋｙｍｍｅｎｅ Ｃｏｒｐｏｒａｔｉｏｎ 複合製品を製造するための方法およびシステム、ならびに複合製品

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