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WO2025214954A1 - Compositions d'engrais - Google Patents

Compositions d'engrais

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Publication number
WO2025214954A1
WO2025214954A1 PCT/EP2025/059470 EP2025059470W WO2025214954A1 WO 2025214954 A1 WO2025214954 A1 WO 2025214954A1 EP 2025059470 W EP2025059470 W EP 2025059470W WO 2025214954 A1 WO2025214954 A1 WO 2025214954A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
krill
oil
meal
plants
soil
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/EP2025/059470
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Lasse Johansen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Krbnx AS
Original Assignee
Krbnx AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Krbnx AS filed Critical Krbnx AS
Publication of WO2025214954A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025214954A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00—Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20—Liquid fertilisers
    • C05G5/27—Dispersions, e.g. suspensions or emulsions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
    • A01N63/10—Animals; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P21/00—Plant growth regulators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
    • C05B15/00—Organic phosphatic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F1/00—Fertilisers made from animal corpses, or parts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • C05G3/50—Surfactants; Emulsifiers

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of agriculture, particularly the field of 5 organic fertilizers and plant biostimulants.
  • Background Agriculture needs to supply food for a growing population whilst also minimizing the environmental impact, and the adoption of sustainable agriculture systems has 10 been proposed as a solution to achieve this.
  • the availability of quality synthetic fertilizer has been good, but growing needs and demands for sustainable solutions suggest that there is a need for new organic products.
  • organic fertilizers release nutrients slowly and 15 improve the structure and fertility of the soil over time. They also promote beneficial microbial activity in the soil and are environmentally friendly as they do not contain harmful chemicals or additives.
  • Organic fertilizers are commonly used in organic farming practices to provide essential nutrients to plants in a sustainable and natural way.
  • the primary fertilizer nutrients for plants are based on nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). They are mainly absorbed by plants in the form of ions, such as NO3- , NH4 + , HPO4 2- , H2PO4- and K + . Accordingly, most inorganic fertilizers provide salts comprising some or all the mentioned ions.
  • Organic fertilizers can also 25 provide sources of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and/or potassium (K). However, in contrast to inorganic fertilizers, organic fertilizers can also comprise organic carbon (C). Fertilizers providing all the three primary nutrients in an available form for the 30 plants, are often referred to as NPK fertilizers.
  • Drip irrigation systems may distribute aqueous solutions or water to plants through a network often comprising valves, pipes, tubing, and emitters. Drip irrigation has 35 the potential to save water and nutrients by allowing water to drip slowly to the roots of plants, either from above the soil surface or buried below the surface. This may allow applying water directly into the root zone and minimize evaporation in a hot climate or warm weather.
  • drip irrigation systems are vulnerable for clogging. Physical clogging may be caused by debris in the tap water. Biological 40 clogging may be caused by growth of algae, moss and micro-organisms. Chemical clogging may be caused by crystallization of salts.
  • the present disclosure relates to fertilizers comprising krill-derived compositions, such as krill-oil, krill-meal or krill-meal residue as disclosed herein. It has been found that such krill-derived compositions can be used as an organic fertilizer and/or as a plant biostimulant. Krill-derived compositions may increase plant growth and stimulate natural processes to enhance plant nutrient uptake, nutrient 10 use efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stress and crop quality.
  • krill-derived compositions such as krill-oil, krill-meal or krill-meal residue as disclosed herein. It has been found that such krill-derived compositions can be used as an organic fertilizer and/or as a plant biostimulant. Krill-derived compositions may increase plant growth and stimulate natural processes to enhance plant nutrient uptake, nutrient 10 use efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stress and crop quality.
  • krill-oil comprises substantial amounts of phospholipids, in particular 15 phosphatidylcholine. Accordingly, because emulsions based on krill-oil provide a source of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), they can be used as NP fertilizers. Furthermore, phospholipids from krill-oil comprise a substantial amount of EPA and/or DHA moieties.
  • these fatty acids may contribute to the beneficial effects seen when applying the krill-derived 20 compositions disclosed herein to plants.
  • other ingredients like chitin and astaxanthin may also contribute.
  • the present disclosure provides use of krill-oil for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil, 25 wherein the krill-oil is a mixture comprising a.
  • the present disclosure provides use of krill- oil for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil, 35 wherein the krill-oil is a mixture comprising a.
  • the present disclosure provides use of krill-oil for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil, wherein the krill-oil is a mixture comprising at least 18% w/w omega-3 fatty acids.
  • the present disclosure provides use of krill-oil for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil, wherein the krill-oil is a mixture comprising at least 20% w/w omega-3 fatty acids.
  • the present disclosure provides use of 10 krill-oil for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil, wherein the krill-oil is a mixture comprising at least 30% w/w omega-3 fatty acids.
  • the present disclosure provides use of krill- oil for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil, wherein the krill-oil is a 15 mixture comprising at least 5% w/w choline.
  • the present disclosure provides use of krill-oil for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil, wherein the krill-oil is a mixture comprising at least 7% w/w choline.
  • the present disclosure provides use of krill-oil for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil, wherein the krill-oil is in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion.
  • the present disclosure provides use of an oil-in-water emulsion comprising dispersed lipid particles for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil, wherein the dispersed lipid particles comprise 50 to 70% w/w phosphatidylcholine.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil comprising the step of applying an oil-in-water emulsion to plants or soil, wherein the emulsion comprises dispersed lipid particles comprising 30 to 80% w/w marine phospholipids.
  • the present disclosure provides a method of fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil comprising the step of applying krill-meal or krill- meal-residue to plants or soil.
  • the present disclosure provides a method 40 comprising the step of applying krill-meal to plants or soil, wherein the krill-meal in the form of an aqueous dispersion or aqueous suspension.
  • the present disclosure provides a method comprising the step of applying krill-meal-residue to plants or soil, wherein the krill-meal-residue in the form of an aqueous dispersion or aqueous suspension.
  • Figure 1 visualizes a phospholipid (1a), and how they may form micelles (cross- section illustrated in 1b) and liposomes (cross-section illustrated in 1c) in aqueous solutions.
  • Figure 1d visualizes four test tubes with emulsions comprising 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% w/w krill-oil (KO).
  • Figure 2 shows a certificate of analysis of a suitable krill-meal.
  • HPLC is conventional High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Definitions 15 Throughout the present disclosure relevant terms are to be understood consistently with their typical meanings established in the relevant art, i.e. the art of agriculture, biology, biochemistry and plant physiology. Unless specifically defined herein, all technical and scientific terms used have the 20 same meaning as commonly understood by a skilled person. “Aqueous solution”, as used herein, refers to any aqueous solution suitable for irrigating plants. Accordingly, it covers tap water, purified water, fertilizer solutions, waste-water suitable for plants, and the aqueous phase in oil-in-water 25 emulsions etc.
  • Plant or “plants” as used herein means any cultured plant including food crops, fiber crops, oil crops, ornamental crops, industrial crops, herbs and trees.
  • 30 “pH” is the conventional measurement unit of hydrogen ion activity in a solution at room temperature, unless another temperature is specified.
  • EPA refers to eicosapentaenoic acid.
  • DHA refers to docosahexaenoic acid.
  • EPA and DHA refers to the fatty acid chain that can be bound to a lipid backbone, such as to a phospholipid backbone, lysophospholipid backbone, triacylglyceride backbone, diacylglyceride backbone, monoacylglyceride backbone or any other lipid backbone, or it can exist in the compositions as a free fatty acid or ethyl ester.
  • phospholipids is used herein to describe the total content of phospholipids, including lyso-phospholipids, in a composition.
  • phospholipid refers to an organic compound that has one or two fatty acid moieties attached at the sn-1 and/or sn-2 positions of glycerol, and contain a head group linked by a phosphate residue at the sn-3 position of the glycerol.
  • headgroup moieties include choline, ethanolamine, serine and inositol.
  • Phospholipids include phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, 10 phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphatidic acid.
  • the fatty acid moiety is the portion of the fatty acid molecule that is bound at the sn-1 or sn-2 position, for example by an ester or ether linkage.
  • the fatty acid moiety is a fatty acyl
  • the aliphatic chain of the fatty acyl is attached via an ester linkage
  • the fatty acid moiety is an aliphatic chain of a fatty acid
  • the aliphatic chain is 15 attached via an ether linkage.
  • a particular fatty acid is mentioned in connection with a phospholipid of the invention (e.g., EPA or DHA) it should therefore be taken as a reference to the relevant fatty acyl group or to its aliphatic chain.
  • a predominant amount of the total amount of EPA and/or DHA is bound in a phospholipid, in particular a predominant amount of EPA and/or DHA is 20 bound in phosphatidylcholine.
  • phosphatidylcholine is used herein to describe the total content of phosphatidylcholine, including lyso-phosphatidylcholine (LPC), in a composition.
  • LPC lyso-phosphatidylcholine
  • krill-oil in contrast to most marine oils, comprise substantial amounts of 20 phospholipids, in particular phosphatidylcholine, emulsions based on krill-oil provide a source of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), they can be used as NP fertilizers.
  • N nitrogen
  • P phosphorus
  • phospholipids can improve plant growth and performance in several ways. 25 Stimulating soil microorganisms: As suggested in WO1996012685A1, adding phospholipids to the substrate on which plants grow can stimulate the growth and activity of beneficial soil microorganisms, which in turn improves plant growth and health.
  • Enhancing salt stress tolerance Phospholipids play an important regulatory role in helping plants respond to and cope with salt stress, which can otherwise negatively impact plant growth (Munnik and Testerink, J. Lipid Res.2009. S260–S265). Involvement in signaling pathways: It is known that high salinity threatens crop 35 production by harming plants and interfering with their development (Han and Yang, Plants 2021, 10(10), 2204). Phospholipids and their metabolites may act as important signaling molecules in plants, regulating processes like root hair development, pathogen defense, and flower development. 40 Facilitating nutrient uptake: Some phospholipids can act as surfactants, helping plants better absorb and utilize nutrients from the soil.
  • the phospholipid transporter ALA10 was found to be important for the uptake of lysophosphatidylcholine in guard cells, affecting stomatal conductance and transpiration.
  • 5 Phospholipids from krill-oil are superior to the vegetable and animal lecithin’s described in the prior art as krill-oil phospholipids are marine phospholipids wherein a predominant part of the phospholipids are substituted with EPA and DHA.
  • krill-oil comprising marine 15 phospholipids will provide several benefits to plants as an organic fertilizer or as biostimulant. Based on the present disclosure, “off-spec” krill-oil may be conveniently used in agriculture, and thus also improve the overall sustainability of such industry.
  • Omega-3 fatty acids from natural sources are found predominantly in the form of triglycerides and phospholipids. Triglycerides comprise three fatty acid moieties while phospholipids comprise one or two fatty acid moieties.
  • omega-3 fatty acids are mainly bound in phospholipids
  • fish oil’s are bound in triglycerides.
  • This important distinction has many different implications for the absorption, function and health effects of the omega-3 fatty acids and technical aspects of the phospholipids.
  • 30 Phospholipids are present in eggs, milk, meat and fish, however, the common fatty acids in these PLs are palmitic, stearic, oleic and linoleic acid.
  • Many marine derived phospholipids are unique due to high levels of EPA and DHA. In krill as much as 80 % or higher of the total amount of EPA and DHA can be bound in phospholipids.
  • a phospholipid molecule comprises one or two fatty acid moieties.
  • the fatty acid moieties are attached to a glycerol backbone that is further linked to a phosphate 40 group.
  • Phosphate is an important nutrient providing phosphorus (P) for plants.
  • the phosphate group is often attached to organic molecules such as choline, ethanolamine, inositol or serine. Choline, serine and ethanolamine comprise nitrogen (N).
  • a predominant part of the phospholipids comprise a choline head group, 5 e.g. phosphatidylcholine (PC).
  • PC phosphatidylcholine
  • Choline, phosphate, and glycerol make up the hydrophilic side of the molecule, the fatty acid chains are the hydrophobic part of the molecule.
  • Phospholipids are amphiphilic in nature, meaning that they have both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts. This characteristic is important for the structural function of phospholipids, which serve as the building blocks of cell membranes. 10 When phospholipids are exposed to water, the molecules may spontaneously arrange such that the tails are shielded from the water, resulting in the formation of membrane structures such as bilayers, vesicles, and micelles.
  • Krill-oil 15 is a source of omega-3 fatty acids.
  • Krill-oil is distinguished from fish oils by a high content of phospholipids, which may constitute as much as 85% by weight of the oil, depending on production methods and down-stream processing.
  • the krill-oil mixture applicable for use as described herein can comprise 20 a.
  • phospholipids selected from the group of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol or phosphatidylserine, wherein at least 80 mol% of the phospholipids is phosphatidylcholine, 25 b. at least 15% w/w omega-3 fatty acids, or c. at least 3% w/w of choline.
  • the content of several suitable krill-oils is provided in Table 1.
  • the analytical methods used are well-known for skilled persons within the field of krill-oil 30 industry.
  • GC FAME Gas chromatography of total Fatty Acid Methyl Esters
  • AOCS American Oil Chemists’ Society The viscosity is provided in milliPascal-seconds (mPa ⁇ s).
  • Table 2 Lipid composition and fatty acid profile of a krill-oil composition of Sample 1.
  • Lipids (Nofima) Triacylglycerol HPLC g/100g 20 Diacylglycerol HPLC g/100g 1.8 Monoacylglycerol HPLC g/100g ⁇ 1 Free fatty acids HPLC g/100g 6.4 Cholesterol HPLC g/100g 1.7 Cholesterol esters HPLC ⁇ 0.5 Phosphatidyletanolamin HPLC g/100g 6.4 Phosphatidylinositol HPLC g/100g ⁇ 1 Phosphatidylserin HPLC g/100g ⁇ 1 Phosphatidylcholin HPLC g/100g 56 Lyso-Phosphatidylcholin HPLC g/100g 3.9 Total polar lipids HPLC g/100g 66.3 Total neutral lipids HPLC g/100g 29.9
  • waste-water from a krill-oil production facilities also contain valuable plant nutrients.
  • waste-water is included in the emulsions provided in the present disclosure, a double sustainability-benefit can be achieved.
  • the present disclosure provides organic fertilizers comprising carbon (C), phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N). Fertilizing plants is the process of providing nutrients to plants for growth and/or health. Plants need sources of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and/or potassium (K) in order to grow. These are the major macronutrients for plants.
  • Oil-in-water emulsions comprise dispersed lipid particles in a continuous aqueous phase.
  • Such lipid particles comprising a substantial amount of phospholipids may form micelles and/or liposomes.
  • micelles have a lipophilic core while liposomes comprise an aqueous solution in the core.
  • Such micelles and liposomes may also comprise triglycerides, fatty acids, cholesterol and other components found in biological lipid membranes. It has been demonstrated that krill-oil in water emulsions can stimulate improved growth and development.
  • Example 4 we tested a krill-oil-in-water emulsion as provided in the present disclosure as a soil drench in an experiment with tomato plants. The results demonstrated improved plant growth, faster leaf development and enhanced trichome (plant hair) formation and development. In addition, the stem of plants treated with the oil-in-water emulsion was thicker and the color was improved. Trichomes are protruding epidermal cells in some plant species, such as tomato plants. Trichomes function as the first defense layer against biotic and abiotic stresses.
  • Tomato trichomes has an essential role in defense against herbivores (Tian D, Tooker J, Peiffer M, Chung SH, Felton GW. Role of trichomes in defense against herbivores: comparison of herbivore response to woolly and hairless trichome mutants in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Planta.2012 5 Oct;236(4):1053-66. doi: 10.1007/s00425-012-1651-9. Epub 2012 May 3. PMID: 22552638).
  • the example demonstrates effects of the disclosed krill-oil- in-water emulsions indicating that the emulsions are highly usable as biostimulants.
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can contain 5 to 20% w/w dispersed lipid particles and 80 to 95% w/w of an aqueous solution. 10
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can contain 6 to 18% w/w dispersed lipid particles and 82 to 94% w/w of an aqueous solution.
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can contain 7 to 16% w/w dispersed lipid particles and 84 to 94% w/w of an aqueous solution.
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can contain 8 to 14% w/w dispersed lipid particles 15 and 86 to 92% w/w of an aqueous solution.
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can contain 9 to 12% w/w dispersed lipid particles and 88 to 91% w/w of an aqueous solution.
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can contain 10% w/w dispersed lipid particles and 90% w/w of an aqueous solution.
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can contain marine phospholipids.
  • marine phospholipids are phospholipids comprising at least one omega-3 fatty acid moiety. Such phospholipids are obtainable from marine sources like krill.
  • the lipid particles may comprise 10 to 20% w/w of eicosapentaenoic acid and/or an eicosapentaenoic acid moiety.
  • the lipid particles may comprise 6 to 12% w/w of docosahexaenoic acid and/or a docosahexaenoic acid moiety.
  • the lipid particles may comprise 7 to 10% w/w of docosahexaenoic acid and/or a docosahexaenoic acid moiety.
  • the lipid particles may comprise 8% w/w of docosahexaenoic acid and/or a docosahexaenoic acid moiety.
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can have a pH in the range of 6 to 8.
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can have a pH in the range of 6.5 to 7.5.
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can have a pH of 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9.7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4 or 7.5.
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can contain lipid particles with a median particle 10 size, D50, in the range of 50 to 500 nm.
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can contain lipid particles with a median particle size, D50, in the range of 100 to 400 nm.
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can contain lipid particles with a median particle size, D50, in the range of 200 to 300 nm. 15
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can contain lipid particles with a median particle size, D50, in the range of 50 to 100 nm.
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can have a viscosity the range of 0.01 to 1000 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can have a viscosity the range of 0.1 to 500 mPa ⁇ s 20 at 35°C.
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can have a viscosity the range of 1 to 400 mPa ⁇ s at 35°C.
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can have a viscosity the range of 10 to 300 mPa ⁇ s at 35°C. 25
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can have a viscosity the range of 50 to 250 mPa ⁇ s at 35°C.
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can be used for irrigation of plants.
  • Sprinkler irrigation may distribute water or aqueous solutions in a controlled manner, often similar to rainfall.
  • the water or aqueous solutions may be distributed through a network that often comprise pumps, valves, pipes, and sprinklers with nozzles.
  • the sprinkler nozzles are generally wide enough to avoid clogging even if some particles are present, and even if the aqueous solution is slightly viscous. Accordingly, they are suitable for the emulsions and dispersions disclosed herein.
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can be further diluted in water for treatment of plants.
  • the final concentration of dispersed lipid particles in the aqueous solutions 5 provided to the plants can be from 0.5 % to 5 % w/w.
  • the final concentration of dispersed lipid particles in the aqueous solutions provided to the plants can be in the range 1 % to 4 % w/w, 1.5 % 3.5 % w/w or 2 to 3 % w/w.
  • these emulsions can contain 0.5 % w/w, 0.6 % w/w, 0.7 % w/w, 0.8 % w/w, 0.9 % w/w, 1.0 % w/w, 1.1 % w/w, 1.2 % w/w, 1.3 % w/w, 1.4 % w/w, 1.5 % w/w, 1.6 % w/w, 10 1.7 % w/w, 1.8 % w/w, 1.9 % w/w, 2.0 % w/w, 2.1 % w/w, 2.2 % w/w, 2.3 % w/w, 2.4 % w/w, 2.5 % w/w, 2.6 % w/w, 2.7 % w/w, 2.8 % w/w, 2.9 % w/w, 3.0 % w/w, 3.1 % w/w, 3.2 %
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can be used as coating.
  • they can be used to coat fertilizer particles such as pellets, granules, etc.
  • Such coated particles will conveniently comprise a solid core with a source of nitrogen (N) available for plants, and/or a source of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) available for plants, 20 and/or a source of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) available for plants.
  • the coatings will thus contain krill-oil which is a source of NP.
  • the coating can be applied by spraying fertilizer particles with the emulsions, especially porous fertilizer particles such as granules or extruded particles.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for production of the emulsions defined 25 above, comprising the steps: a. providing a krill-oil in contact with an aqueous solution, and b. mixing said liquids by high shear mixing, microfluidisation, or ultrasonication to obtain an emulsion.
  • the aqueous solution can contain waste-water from a krill-oil production facility. 30 Such waste-water is generally low-toxic or non-toxic for plants and crops, and it may contain additional plant nutrients.
  • the aqueous solution can contain potassium ions.
  • potassium salts like KNO 3 , K 2 SO 4 etc. can be dissolved in water and used for making the emulsions defined above.
  • compositions herein for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil are obtainable by emulsifying 5 to 30% w/w krill-oil in water by high-shear mixing.
  • the compositions herein for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil are obtainable by emulsifying 6 to 25% w/w krill-oil in water by high-shear mixing.
  • the compositions herein for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil are obtainable by emulsifying 6 to 18% w/w krill-oil in water by high-shear mixing.
  • compositions herein for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil are obtainable by emulsifying 7 to 16% w/w krill-oil in water by high-shear mixing.
  • the compositions herein for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil are obtainable by emulsifying 8 to 14% w/w krill-oil in water by high-shear mixing.
  • the compositions herein for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil are 10 obtainable by emulsifying 9 to 12% w/w krill-oil in water by high-shear mixing.
  • the compositions herein for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil are obtainable by emulsifying 10% w/w krill-oil in water by high-shear mixing.
  • the present disclosure provides the use of krill-oil for producing an oil-in-water emulsion for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil.
  • the present disclosure provides an oil-in-water emulsion comprising 8 to 12% w/w dispersed lipid particles, and wherein the lipid particles comprise 30 to 80% w/w marine phospholipids.
  • the present disclosure provides an oil-in-water emulsion comprising 8 to 12% w/w dispersed lipid particles, and wherein the lipid particles comprise 30 to 20 80% w/w marine phospholipids.
  • the present disclosure provides an oil-in-water emulsion comprising 8 to 12% w/w dispersed lipid particles with a median particle size, D50, in the range of 100 to 400 nm, and wherein the lipid particles comprise 30 to 80% w/w marine phospholipids. 25 Accordingly, the present disclosure provides an oil-in-water emulsion comprising 8 to 12% w/w dispersed lipid particles, and wherein the lipid particles comprise 25 to 70% w/w phosphatidylcholine.
  • the present disclosure provides an oil-in-water emulsion comprising 8 to 12% w/w dispersed lipid particles, and wherein the lipid particles comprise 40 to 30 70% w/w phosphatidylcholine. Accordingly, the present disclosure provides an oil-in-water emulsion comprising 8 to 12% w/w dispersed lipid particles with a median particle size, D50, in the range of 100 to 400 nm, and wherein the lipid particles comprise 40 to 70% w/w phosphatidylcholine.
  • the present disclosure provides an oil-in-water emulsion comprising 8 to 12% w/w dispersed lipid particles in with a median particle size, D50, in the range of 100 to 400 nm, and wherein the lipid particles comprise 40 to 70% w/w phosphatidylcholine and wherein the emulsion comprises waste-water from krill-oil 5 production.
  • the present disclosure provides an oil-in-water emulsion comprising 8 to 12% w/w dispersed lipid particles in with a median particle size, D50, in the range of 100 to 400 nm, and wherein the lipid particles comprise 40 to 70% w/w phosphatidylcholine and wherein the aqueous phase of emulsion is waste-water 10 from krill-oil production.
  • the emulsions disclosed herein can be used for irrigation and/or fertilizing of plants.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for fertilizing plants comprising the steps of providing emulsions as defined above and applying said 15 emulsion to plants by spraying or sprinkling.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for irrigating plants comprising the steps of providing emulsions as defined above and applying said emulsion to plants by spraying or sprinkling. Accordingly, the present disclosure provides a method for conditioning of soil 20 comprising the steps of providing emulsions as defined above and applying said emulsion to soil by spraying or sprinkling. Accordingly, the present disclosure provides a method for fertilizing plants comprising the steps of providing emulsions as defined above and applying said emulsion to plant foliage by spraying. 25
  • Krill-meal can also be used for fertilizing plants and or for condition of soil.
  • krill meal can be used as a NP-fertilizer or as an organic fertilizer.
  • the krill-meal can be applied directly to soil, for example as a top dressing in the form of powder or granulates.
  • Alternative methods are broadcast application or starter fertilizer application.
  • “Broadcasting” or “broadcast application.” is known as a 30 technique involving spreading fertilizer evenly over the entire field surface, often simultaneously with seeding. Broadcasting can be done manually or with a mechanical spreader.
  • Example 6 it was demonstrated use of a krill-meal composition applied as a starter fertilizer.
  • the fertilizer used in the experiment contained 50% krill meal. It was applied at the time of planting to provide initial 35 nutrients to the newly planted oat seeds. This can be critical for early growth and development and can be particularly effective in promoting strong early root development and vigorous seedling growth.
  • aqueous compositions comprising krill-meal can be used as an organic fertilizer and/or as a plant biostimulant.
  • Krill-meal can be partly dissolved and/or dispersed in aqueous solutions.
  • Such compositions may increase plant growth and stimulate natural 10 processes to enhance plant nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stress and crop quality. Furthermore, such compositions may improve moist retention in soil.
  • krill-meal may be conveniently used in agriculture, and thus improve the overall sustainability of such industry.
  • 15 Production of krill-meal is well-known. It can for example be produced from Euphausia superba and/or Euphausia pacifica.
  • the krill-meal applicable for use as described herein can comprise 20 - from 30 to 60% w/w protein, peptides and/or amino acids, - from 15 to 35% w/w lipids, and - from 10 to 30% w/w ash.
  • the krill-meal applicable for use as described herein can comprise 25 - from 30 to 60% w/w protein, peptides and/or amino acids, - from 15 to 35% w/w lipids, - from 10 to 30% w/w ash and - from 10 to 15% w/w chitin.
  • krill-meal contains astaxanthin.
  • Krill-meal contains phospholipids and it is a source of omega-3 fatty acids.
  • the krill-meal applicable for use as described herein comprises from 15 to 35 % w/w of lipids.
  • At least 30 % w/w, such as from 30 to 50 % 35 w/w or from 35-45 % w/w or about 40 % w/w of the lipids in the krill meal are phospholipids.
  • Krill-meal production may occasionally provide batches outside the regulatory or commercial specifications. Such “off-spec”-batches may be used as disclosed herein, instead of being discarded as waste.
  • waste-water from a krill-40 oil production facilities also contain valuable plant nutrients. When such waste- water is included in the krill-meal dispersions provided in the present disclosure, a double sustainability-benefit can be achieved.
  • Krill-meal dispersions may comprise dispersed particles in a continuous aqueous 5 phase.
  • Such dispersed particles may comprise a substantial amount of phospholipids, proteins, peptides and amino acids.
  • the krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can contain 5 to 20% w/w dispersed particles and 80 to 95% w/w of an aqueous solution.
  • the krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can contain 6 to 18% w/w dispersed 10 particles and 82 to 94% w/w of an aqueous solution.
  • the krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can contain 7 to 16% w/w dispersed particles and 84 to 94% w/w of an aqueous solution.
  • the krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can contain 8 to 14% w/w dispersed particles and 86 to 92% w/w of an aqueous solution. 15 The krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can contain 9 to 12% w/w dispersed particles and 88 to 91% w/w of an aqueous solution. The krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can contain 10% w/w dispersed particles and 90% w/w of an aqueous solution. The krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can contain marine phospholipids. 20 The krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can have a pH in the range of 6 to 8.
  • the krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can have a pH in the range of 6.5 to 7.5.
  • the krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can have a pH of 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9. 7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4 or 7.5.
  • the krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can contain particles with a median 25 particle size, D50, in the range of 50 to 500 nm.
  • the krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can contain particles with a median particle size, D50, in the range of 100 to 400 nm.
  • the krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can contain particles with a median particle size, D50, in the range of 200 to 300 nm.
  • the krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can contain particles with a median particle size, D50, in the range of 50 to 100 nm.
  • the krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can have a viscosity the range of 0.01 to 1000 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can have a viscosity the range of 0.1 to 500 mPa ⁇ s at 35°C.
  • the krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can have a viscosity the range of 1 to 400 mPa ⁇ s at 35°C. 5
  • the krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can have a viscosity the range of 10 to 300 mPa ⁇ s at 35°C.
  • the krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can have a viscosity the range of 50 to 250 mPa ⁇ s at 35°C.
  • the krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can be used for irrigation of plants. 10 They can also be used for fertigation. They can also be used for irrigation of plants by sprinkling, spraying.
  • Sprinkler irrigation may distribute water or aqueous solutions in a controlled manner, often similar to rainfall.
  • the water or aqueous solutions may by distributed through a network that often comprise pumps, valves, pipes, and sprinklers with 15 nozzles.
  • the sprinkler nozzles are generally wide enough to avoid clogging even if some particles are present, and even if the aqueous solution is slightly viscous.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for production of the krill-meal 20 dispersions defined above, comprising the steps: a. providing a krill-meal in contact with an aqueous solution, and b. dispersing the krill-meal particles into the aqueous solution by mechanical forces like impeller rotation.
  • the aqueous solution can contain waste-water from a krill-oil production facility. 25 Such waste-water is generally low-toxic or non-toxic for plants and crops, and it may contain additional plant nutrients.
  • the aqueous solution can contain potassium ions.
  • potassium salts like KNO3, K2SO4 etc. can be dissolved in water and used for making the krill-meal dispersions defined above.
  • the krill-meal dispersions herein for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil are obtainable by dispersing 5 to 30% w/w krill-meal in water by high-shear mixing.
  • the krill-meal dispersions herein for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil are obtainable by dispersing 6 to 25% w/w krill-meal in water by high-shear mixing.
  • the krill-meal dispersions herein for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil are obtainable by dispersing 6 to 18% w/w krill-meal in water by high-shear mixing.
  • the krill-meal dispersions herein for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil are obtainable by dispersing 7 to 16% w/w krill-meal in water by high-shear mixing.
  • the krill-meal dispersions herein for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil are obtainable by dispersing 8 to 14% w/w krill-meal in water by high-shear mixing.
  • the krill-meal dispersions herein for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil are obtainable by dispersing 9 to 12% w/w krill-meal in water by high-shear mixing.
  • the krill-meal dispersions herein for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil 10 are obtainable by dispersing 10% w/w krill-meal in water by high-shear mixing. Accordingly, the present disclosure provides the use of krill-meal for producing a krill-meal dispersion for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil.
  • the krill-meal dispersions disclosed herein can be used for irrigation and/or fertilizing of plants.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for fertilizing plants comprising the steps of providing krill-meal dispersions as defined above and applying said krill-meal dispersion to plants by spraying or sprinkling. Accordingly, the present disclosure provides a method for irrigating plants comprising the steps of providing krill-meal dispersions as defined above and 20 applying said krill-meal dispersion to plants by spraying or sprinkling. Accordingly, the present disclosure provides a method for conditioning of soil comprising the steps of providing krill-meal dispersions as defined above and applying said krill-meal dispersion to soil by spraying or sprinkling.
  • a defatted, protein krill-meal is obtained.
  • This defatted protein krill-meal contains crude protein, ash and some fat.
  • the protein krill-meal can be subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis to produce a krill protein hydrolysate.
  • a krill-meal-residue is obtained.
  • Krill-meal-residue can also be used as a NP-fertilizer.
  • the krill-meal-residue can be applied directly to soil, for example as a top dressing in the form of powder or granulates.
  • aqueous compositions comprising krill- meal-residue can be used as an organic fertilizer and/or as a plant biostimulant.
  • 35 Krill-meal-residue can be partly dissolved and/or dispersed in aqueous solutions.
  • Such compositions may increase plant growth and stimulate natural processes to enhance plant nutrient uptake, nutrient use efficiency, tolerance to abiotic stress and crop quality.
  • Such compositions can improve moist retention in soil. Accordingly, they can be used as a soil conditioner.
  • “krill-meal-residue and waste-water from krill-oil production may be conveniently 5 used in agriculture, and thus improve the overall sustainability of such industry.
  • Krill-meal-residue dispersions may comprise dispersed particles in a continuous aqueous phase. Such dispersed particles may comprise phospholipids, proteins, peptides and amino acids. 10
  • the krill-meal-residue dispersions disclosed herein can contain 5 to 20% w/w dispersed particles and 80 to 95% w/w of an aqueous solution.
  • the krill-meal-residue dispersions disclosed herein can contain 6 to 18% w/w dispersed particles and 82 to 94% w/w of an aqueous solution.
  • the krill-meal-residue dispersions disclosed herein can contain 7 to 16% w/w 15 dispersed particles and 84 to 94% w/w of an aqueous solution.
  • the krill-meal-residue dispersions disclosed herein can contain 8 to 14% w/w dispersed particles and 86 to 92% w/w of an aqueous solution.
  • the krill-meal-residue dispersions disclosed herein can contain 9 to 12% w/w dispersed particles and 88 to 91% w/w of an aqueous solution.
  • the krill-meal-residue dispersions disclosed herein can contain 10% w/w dispersed particles and 90% w/w of an aqueous solution.
  • the krill-meal-residue dispersions disclosed herein can contain marine phospholipids.
  • the krill-meal-residue dispersions disclosed herein can have a pH in the range of 6 25 to 8.
  • the krill-meal-residue dispersions disclosed herein can have a pH in the range of 6.5 to 7.5.
  • the krill-meal-residue dispersions disclosed herein can have a pH of 6.5, 6.6, 6.7, 6.8, 6.9.7.0, 7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4 or 7.5. 30
  • the krill-meal-residue dispersions disclosed herein can contain particles with a median particle size, D50, in the range of 50 to 500 nm.
  • the krill-meal-residue dispersions disclosed herein can contain particles with a median particle size, D50, in the range of 100 to 400 nm.
  • the krill-meal-residue dispersions disclosed herein can contain particles with a median particle size, D50, in the range of 200 to 300 nm.
  • the krill-meal-residue dispersions disclosed herein can contain particles with a median particle size, D50, in the range of 50 to 100 nm. 5
  • the krill-meal-residue dispersions disclosed herein can have a viscosity the range of 0.01 to 1000 mPa ⁇ s.
  • the krill-meal-residue dispersions disclosed herein can have a viscosity the range of 0.1 to 500 mPa ⁇ s at 35°C.
  • the krill-meal-residue dispersions disclosed herein can have a viscosity the range of 10 1 to 400 mPa ⁇ s at 35°C.
  • the krill-meal-residue dispersions herein for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil are obtainable by dispersing 6 to 18% w/w krill-meal-residue in water by high-shear mixing.
  • the krill-meal-residue dispersions herein for fertilizing plants and/or conditioning of soil are obtainable by dispersing 7 to 16% w/w krill-meal-residue in water by high-shear mixing.
  • Example 4 20 Krill-oil emulsions can be used as biostimulant in cultivation of tomato plants.
  • a krill-oil emulsion was produced by mixing krill-oil with water using high shear mixer to an emulsion with 10% inclusion.
  • 25 Experimental Setup The experiment was conducted using AUK, a controlled cultivation system designed for home herb cultivation. By using the system, we were able to conduct a comparative agricultural study. The AUK was equipped with ordinary cultivation 30 soil, sourced locally to ensure typical growth conditions for tomato plants.
  • the krill meal residue disperses easily in water.
  • the product can be evaporated to dryness to be applied directly to soil, for example as a top dressing in the form of powder or granulates.
  • Fertilizer Application The fertilizers were applied at the start of the growing season according to the manufacturers’ recommendations to ensure optimal nutrient availability. The application rates were as described in table 7. 5 Table 7: Application rates Fertilizer name NPK Amount (MT/He) Gr ⁇ nn Gj ⁇ dsel 8 8-3-5 1.5 Gr ⁇ nn Gj ⁇ dsel 11 11-3-7 1.3 Yara 22-3-10 22-3-10 0.7 Hybrid 20-4-8 20-4-8 0.8 Krill Estimated 1.3 50% Krill meal, nitrogen: 30% fish slurry, 7-11 20% bonemeal Each fertilizer’s application rate was chosen to match the nutrient needs of oats, considering the NPK ratio and organic content where applicable.
  • Crop development was closely monitored through regular plant inspections, focusing on root systems, stem growth, and grain development. This hands-on 15 approach allowed for detailed observations throughout the growing season, revealing early and more advanced root development in the Krill-treated plots. Initial mid-season assessments noted lower plant heights in the Krill-treated section, but further investigation showed larger grains and an increased number of grains per stem, indicating a shift towards reproductive rather than vegetative growth. 20 Additional observations were made for signs of plant stress, disease presence, and overall plant health 25 30 Results Crop Yield and Plant Development Table 8: Crop yield Input Wet Avrg. Avrg. Avrg. Avrg. Avrg.
  • ⁇ Enhanced Root and Grain Development Plants treated with Krill fertilizer showed significantly more robust root systems and well-developed grains.
  • Uniform Grain Size The grains from Krill-treated plants were more uniform in size compared to those from other treatments.
  • Reduced Fungal Presence There was a noticeable reduction in fungal diseases in the Krill-treated plots, which contributed to the overall health and yield of the crop.
  • Potential Mechanisms The superior performance of the Krill-based fertilizer is hypothesized to be due to its unique composition, containing chitin, phospholipids, and astaxanthin. These components are believed to contribute to:
  • ⁇ Enhanced Plant Immunity Chitin may enhance plant immunity, aiding in disease resistance.
  • ⁇ Enhanced Nutrient Uptake Phospholipids could improve root membrane function, facilitating better nutrient absorption.
  • ⁇ Antioxidant Protection Astaxanthin, known for its antioxidant properties, may protect plants against oxidative stress, further improving plant vigor and productivity. 5
  • Example 7 Pellet coating with krill-oil Objective 10 The experiment aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating krill-oil as a coating in the production of Gr ⁇ nn Gj ⁇ dsel 8 and 11 fertilizers. The primary objectives were to assess the potential benefits of krill oil coating in reducing nutrient loss and dust formation during handling and application.
  • the krill-oil was chosen for its potential to form a barrier around the pellets, thereby reducing the exposure of the nutrients to the environment and minimizing 30 dust during handling.
  • the krill-oil was evenly sprayed over the pellets in a controlled amount to ensure a uniform coat without affecting the structural integrity of the pellets.
  • Evaluation Metrics 35 The effectiveness of the krill-oil coating was assessed through several tests: ⁇ Nutrient Retention Test: Samples from batches with and without krill-oil coating were analyzed for nutrient content after exposure to simulated environmental conditions (humidity, temperature fluctuations, and 40 mechanical agitation). ⁇ Dust Generation Measurement: The amount of dust produced during handling and application of the fertilizers was measured using a standardized dust chamber test.

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Abstract

La présente divulgation concerne des engrais comprenant des compositions dérivées de krill. L'huile de krill, la farine de krill et les résidus de farine de krill peuvent être utilisés en tant qu'engrais NP pour des plantes.
PCT/EP2025/059470 2024-04-08 2025-04-07 Compositions d'engrais Pending WO2025214954A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4576626A (en) * 1982-05-13 1986-03-18 A. Nattermann & Cie Gmbh Foliage fertilizers
WO1996012685A1 (fr) 1994-10-19 1996-05-02 Henkel Cognis Gmbh Utilisation de phospholipides pour favoriser la croissance de vegetaux
CN1502589A (zh) * 2002-11-25 2004-06-09 中国海洋大学 一种用磷虾制备肥料的方法
US20150164841A1 (en) * 2012-07-17 2015-06-18 Aker Biomarine Antarctic As Concentration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in krill oil
KR20160068167A (ko) * 2014-12-05 2016-06-15 주식회사 제이앤제이 인삼의 연작 재배방법 및 이에 이용되는 영양조성물
CN105777394A (zh) * 2016-04-29 2016-07-20 青岛海之星生物科技有限公司 一种秋葵种植有机肥及其制备方法
WO2016128838A2 (fr) 2015-02-11 2016-08-18 Aker Biomarine Antarctic As Compositions lipidiques
WO2019150197A1 (fr) 2018-01-30 2019-08-08 Aker Biomarine Antarctic As Hydrolysat protéique marin à faible teneur en fluorure et triméthylamine

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US4576626A (en) * 1982-05-13 1986-03-18 A. Nattermann & Cie Gmbh Foliage fertilizers
WO1996012685A1 (fr) 1994-10-19 1996-05-02 Henkel Cognis Gmbh Utilisation de phospholipides pour favoriser la croissance de vegetaux
CN1502589A (zh) * 2002-11-25 2004-06-09 中国海洋大学 一种用磷虾制备肥料的方法
US20150164841A1 (en) * 2012-07-17 2015-06-18 Aker Biomarine Antarctic As Concentration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in krill oil
KR20160068167A (ko) * 2014-12-05 2016-06-15 주식회사 제이앤제이 인삼의 연작 재배방법 및 이에 이용되는 영양조성물
WO2016128838A2 (fr) 2015-02-11 2016-08-18 Aker Biomarine Antarctic As Compositions lipidiques
CN105777394A (zh) * 2016-04-29 2016-07-20 青岛海之星生物科技有限公司 一种秋葵种植有机肥及其制备方法
WO2019150197A1 (fr) 2018-01-30 2019-08-08 Aker Biomarine Antarctic As Hydrolysat protéique marin à faible teneur en fluorure et triméthylamine

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TIAN DTOOKER JPEIFFER MCHUNG SHFELTON GW.: "Role of trichomes in defense against herbivores: comparison of herbivore response to woolly and hairless trichome mutants in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum).", PLANTA., vol. 236, no. 4, October 2012 (2012-10-01), pages 1053 - 66

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