[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2025213229A1 - Masque pour interfaces patient - Google Patents

Masque pour interfaces patient

Info

Publication number
WO2025213229A1
WO2025213229A1 PCT/AU2025/050352 AU2025050352W WO2025213229A1 WO 2025213229 A1 WO2025213229 A1 WO 2025213229A1 AU 2025050352 W AU2025050352 W AU 2025050352W WO 2025213229 A1 WO2025213229 A1 WO 2025213229A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
patient
strap
positioning
rear portion
superior
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/AU2025/050352
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Andrew James Bate
Nicholas Christopher JAMES
Elisa Anne Jeffery
Tyran Daniel LECHNER
Adrian Jeffrey LOWRY
Lemmy Nga
Christopher Daniel PARKER
Shannon William PRIOR
Skye Kimberley SHARMA
Thontira SUPAOPASPHUN
Paul Derrick WATSON
Daniel Marc WEISS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Resmed Pty Ltd
Resmed Asia Operations Pte Ltd
Original Assignee
Resmed Pty Ltd
Resmed Asia Operations Pte Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2024901174A external-priority patent/AU2024901174A0/en
Application filed by Resmed Pty Ltd, Resmed Asia Operations Pte Ltd filed Critical Resmed Pty Ltd
Publication of WO2025213229A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025213229A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
    • A61M16/0683—Holding devices therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/0057—Pumps therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
    • A61M16/0605—Means for improving the adaptation of the mask to the patient
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/06—Respiratory or anaesthetic masks
    • A61M16/0666—Nasal cannulas or tubing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M16/00—Devices for influencing the respiratory system of patients by gas treatment, e.g. ventilators; Tracheal tubes
    • A61M16/08—Bellows; Connecting tubes ; Water traps; Patient circuits
    • A61M16/0875—Connecting tubes
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D1/00—Woven fabrics designed to make specified articles
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D13/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft
    • D03D13/004—Woven fabrics characterised by the special disposition of the warp or weft threads, e.g. with curved weft threads, with discontinuous warp threads, with diagonal warp or weft with weave pattern being non-standard or providing special effects
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
    • D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
    • D03D15/56—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads elastic
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D03—WEAVING
    • D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
    • D03D3/00—Woven fabrics characterised by their shape
    • D03D3/005—Tapes or ribbons not otherwise provided for
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/02—General characteristics of the apparatus characterised by a particular materials
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2205/00—General characteristics of the apparatus
    • A61M2205/02—General characteristics of the apparatus characterised by a particular materials
    • A61M2205/0216—Materials providing elastic properties, e.g. for facilitating deformation and avoid breaking
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2207/00—Methods of manufacture, assembly or production
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M2210/00—Anatomical parts of the body
    • A61M2210/06—Head
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2401/00—Physical properties
    • D10B2401/06—Load-responsive characteristics
    • D10B2401/061—Load-responsive characteristics elastic

Definitions

  • the present technology relates to one or more of the screening, diagnosis, monitoring, treatment, prevention and amelioration of respiratory-related disorders.
  • the present technology also relates to medical devices or apparatus, and their use.
  • the respiratory system of the body facilitates gas exchange.
  • the nose and mouth form the entrance to the airways of a patient.
  • the airways include a series of branching tubes, which become narrower, shorter and more numerous as they penetrate deeper into the lung.
  • the prime function of the lung is gas exchange, allowing oxygen to move from the inhaled air into the venous blood and carbon dioxide to move in the opposite direction.
  • the trachea divides into right and left main bronchi, which further divide eventually into terminal bronchioles.
  • the bronchi make up the conducting airways, and do not take part in gas exchange. Further divisions of the airways lead to the respiratory bronchioles, and eventually to the alveoli.
  • the alveolated region of the lung is where the gas exchange takes place, and is referred to as the respiratory zone. See ''Respiratory Physiology" , by lohn B. West, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 9th edition published 2012.
  • a range of respiratory disorders exist. Certain disorders may be characterised by particular events, e.g. apneas, hypopneas, and hyperpneas.
  • Examples of respiratory disorders include Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  • OSA Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
  • CSR Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
  • OLS Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome
  • COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  • NMD Neuromuscular Disease
  • Obstructive Sleep Apnea a form of Sleep Disordered Breathing (SDB) is characterised by events including occlusion or obstruction of the upper air passage during sleep. It results from a combination of an abnormally small upper airway and the normal loss of muscle tone in the region of the tongue, soft palate and posterior oropharyngeal wall during sleep.
  • the condition causes the affected patient to stop breathing for periods typically of 30 to 120 seconds in duration, sometimes 200 to 300 times per night. It often causes excessive daytime somnolence, and it may cause cardiovascular disease and brain damage.
  • the syndrome is a common disorder, particularly in middle aged overweight males, although a person affected may have no awareness of the problem, e.g. see US Patent No. 4,944,310 (Sullivan).
  • CSR Cheyne-Stokes Respiration
  • CSR cycles rhythmic alternating periods of waxing and waning ventilation known as CSR cycles.
  • CSR is characterised by repetitive de-oxygenation and re-oxygenation of the arterial blood. It is possible that CSR is harmful because of the repetitive hypoxia.
  • CSR is associated with repetitive arousal from sleep, which causes severe sleep disruption, increased sympathetic activity, and increased afterload, e.g. see US Patent No. 6,532,959 (Berthon-Jones).
  • Respiratory failure is an umbrella term for respiratory disorders in which the lungs are unable to inspire sufficient oxygen or exhale sufficient CO2 to meet the patient’s needs. Respiratory failure may encompass some or all of the following disorders.
  • a patient with respiratory insufficiency (a form of respiratory failure) may experience abnormal shortness of breath on exercise.
  • Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome is defined as the combination of severe obesity and awake chronic hypercapnia, in the absence of other known causes for hypoventilation. Symptoms include dyspnea, morning headache and excessive daytime sleepiness.
  • COPD Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  • COPD encompasses any of a group of lower airway diseases that have certain characteristics in common. These include increased resistance to air movement, extended expiratory phase of respiration, and loss of the normal elasticity of the lung. Examples of COPD are emphysema and chronic bronchitis. COPD is caused by chronic tobacco smoking (primary risk factor), occupational exposures, air pollution and genetic factors. Symptoms include: dyspnea on exertion, chronic cough and sputum production.
  • a range of therapies have been used to treat or ameliorate such conditions. Furthermore, otherwise healthy individuals may take advantage of such therapies to prevent respiratory disorders from arising. However, these have a number of shortcomings.
  • CPAP Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
  • NMV Non-invasive ventilation
  • IV Invasive ventilation
  • HFT High Flow Therapy
  • Respiratory pressure therapy is the application of a supply of air to an entrance to the airways at a controlled target pressure that is nominally positive with respect to atmosphere throughout the patient’s breathing cycle (in contrast to negative pressure therapies such as the tank ventilator or cuirass).
  • Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy has been used to treat Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA).
  • OSA Obstructive Sleep Apnea
  • the mechanism of action is that continuous positive airway pressure acts as a pneumatic splint and may prevent upper airway occlusion, such as by pushing the soft palate and tongue forward and away from the posterior oropharyngeal wall.
  • Treatment of OSA by CPAP therapy may be voluntary, and hence patients may elect not to comply with therapy if they find devices used to provide such therapy one or more of: uncomfortable, difficult to use, expensive and aesthetically unappealing.
  • Non-invasive ventilation provides ventilatory support to a patient through the upper airways to assist the patient breathing and/or maintain adequate oxygen levels in the body by doing some or all of the work of breathing.
  • the ventilatory support is provided via a non-invasive patient interface.
  • NIV has been used to treat CSR and respiratory failure, in forms such as OHS, COPD, NMD and Chest Wall disorders. In some forms, the comfort and effectiveness of these therapies may be improved.
  • Invasive ventilation (IV) provides ventilatory support to patients that are no longer able to effectively breathe themselves and may be provided using a tracheostomy tube or endotracheal tube. In some forms, the comfort and effectiveness of these therapies may be improved.
  • HFT High Flow therapy
  • HFT has been used to treat OSA, CSR, respiratory failure, COPD, and other respiratory disorders.
  • One mechanism of action is that the high flow rate of air at the airway entrance improves ventilation efficiency by flushing, or washing out, expired CO2 from the patient’s anatomical deadspace.
  • HFT is thus sometimes referred to as a deadspace therapy (DST).
  • Other benefits may include the elevated warmth and humidification (possibly of benefit in secretion management) and the potential for modest elevation of airway pressures.
  • the treatment flow rate may follow a profile that varies over the respiratory cycle.
  • LTOT long-term oxygen therapy
  • supplemental oxygen therapy Doctors may prescribe a continuous flow of oxygen enriched air at a specified oxygen concentration (from 21%, the oxygen fraction in ambient air, to 100%) at a specified flow rate (e.g., 1 litre per minute (LPM), 2 LPM, 3 LPM, etc.) to be delivered to the patient’s airway.
  • LPM 1 litre per minute
  • These respiratory therapies may be provided by a respiratory therapy system or device. Such systems and devices may also be used to screen, diagnose, or monitor a condition without treating it.
  • a respiratory therapy system may comprise a Respiratory Pressure Therapy Device (RPT device), an air circuit, a humidifier, a patient interface, an oxygen source, and data management.
  • RPT device Respiratory Pressure Therapy Device
  • a patient interface may be used to interface respiratory equipment to its wearer, for example by providing a flow of air to an entrance to the airways.
  • the flow of air may be provided via a mask to the nose and/or mouth, a tube to the mouth or a tracheostomy tube to the trachea of a patient.
  • the patient interface may form a seal, e.g., with a region of the patient's face, to facilitate the delivery of gas at a pressure at sufficient variance with ambient pressure to effect therapy, e.g., at a positive pressure of about 10 cmH20 relative to ambient pressure.
  • the patient interface may not include a seal sufficient to facilitate delivery to the airways of a supply of gas at a positive pressure of about 10 cmFhO.
  • the patient interface is configured to insufflate the nares but specifically to avoid a complete seal.
  • a nasal cannula is a nasal cannula.
  • Certain masks may be clinically unfavourable for the present technology e.g. if they block airflow via the nose and only allow it via the mouth.
  • Certain masks may be uncomfortable or impractical for the present technology if they require a patient to insert a portion of a mask structure in their mouth to create and maintain a seal via their lips.
  • Certain masks may be impractical for use while sleeping, e.g. for sleeping while lying on one’s side in bed with a head on a pillow.
  • Certain masks may cause some patients a feeling of claustrophobia, unease and/or may feel overly obtrusive.
  • the design of a patient interface presents a number of challenges.
  • the face has a complex three-dimensional shape.
  • the size and shape of noses and heads varies considerably between individuals. Since the head includes bone, cartilage and soft tissue, different regions of the face respond differently to mechanical forces.
  • the jaw or mandible may move relative to other bones of the skull. The whole head may move during the course of a period of respiratory therapy.
  • masks suffer from being obtrusive, aesthetically undesirable, costly, poorly fitting, difficult to use, and/or uncomfortable especially when worn for long or when a patient is unfamiliar with a system. Wrongly sized masks can give rise to reduced compliance, reduced comfort and poorer patient outcomes.
  • Masks designed solely for aviators, masks designed as part of personal protection equipment (e.g. filter masks), SCUBA masks, or for the administration of anaesthetics may be tolerable for their original application, but nevertheless such masks may be undesirably uncomfortable to be worn for extended periods of time, e.g., several hours. This discomfort may lead to a reduction in patient compliance with therapy, especially if the mask is to be worn during sleep.
  • CPAP therapy is highly effective to treat certain respiratory disorders, provided patients comply with therapy. If a mask is uncomfortable, or difficult to use a patient may not comply with therapy. Since it is often recommended that a patient regularly wash their mask, if a mask is difficult to clean (e.g., difficult to assemble or disassemble), patients may not clean their mask and this may impact on patient compliance.
  • a mask for other applications may not be suitable for use in treating sleep disordered breathing
  • a mask designed for use in treating sleep disordered breathing may be suitable for other applications.
  • patient interfaces for delivery of CPAP during sleep form a distinct field.
  • Patient interfaces may include a seal-forming structure. Since it is in direct contact with the patient’s face, the shape and configuration of the seal-forming structure can have a direct impact the effectiveness and comfort of the patient interface.
  • a patient interface may be partly characterised according to the design intent of where the seal-forming structure is to engage with the face in use.
  • a seal-forming structure may comprise a first sub-portion to form a seal around the left naris and a second sub-portion to form a seal around the right naris.
  • a seal-forming structure may comprise a single element that surrounds both nares in use. Such single element may be designed to for example overlay an upper lip region and a nasal bridge region of a face.
  • a seal-forming structure may comprise an element that surrounds a mouth region in use, e.g. by forming a seal on a lower lip region of a face.
  • a seal-forming structure may comprise a single element that surrounds both nares and a mouth region in use.
  • These different types of patient interfaces may be known by a variety of names by their manufacturer including nasal masks, full-face masks, nasal pillows, nasal puffs and oro-nasal masks.
  • a seal-forming structure that may be effective in one region of a patient’ s face may be inappropriate in another region, e.g. because of the different shape, structure, variability and sensitivity regions of the patient’s face.
  • a seal on swimming goggles that overlays a patient’s forehead may not be appropriate to use on a patient’s nose.
  • Certain seal-forming structures may be designed for mass manufacture such that one design is able to fit and be comfortable and effective for a wide range of different face shapes and sizes. To the extent to which there is a mismatch between the shape of the patient’s face, and the seal-forming structure of the mass- manufactured patient interface, one or both must adapt in order for a seal to form.
  • One type of seal-forming structure extends around the periphery of the patient interface, and is intended to seal against the patient's face when force is applied to the patient interface with the seal-forming structure in confronting engagement with the patient's face.
  • the seal-forming structure may include an air or fluid filled cushion, or a moulded or formed surface of a resilient seal element made of an elastomer such as a rubber.
  • Another type of seal-forming structure incorporates a flap seal of thin material positioned about the periphery of the mask so as to provide a self-sealing action against the face of the patient when positive pressure is applied within the mask.
  • a flap seal of thin material positioned about the periphery of the mask so as to provide a self-sealing action against the face of the patient when positive pressure is applied within the mask.
  • additional force may be required to achieve a seal, or the mask may leak.
  • the shape of the seal-forming structure does not match that of the patient, it may crease or buckle in use, giving rise to leaks.
  • Another type of seal-forming structure may comprise a friction-fit element, e.g. for insertion into a naris, however some patients find these uncomfortable.
  • nasal pillow is found in the Adam Circuit manufactured by Puritan Bennett. Another nasal pillow, or nasal puff is the subject of US Patent 4,782,832 (Trimble et al.), assigned to Puritan-Bennett Corporation.
  • ResMed Inc. has manufactured the following products that incorporate nasal pillows: SWIFTTM nasal pillows mask, SWIFTTM II nasal pillows mask, SWIFTTM LT nasal pillows mask, SWIFTTM FX nasal pillows mask and MIRAGE LIBERTYTM full-face mask.
  • a seal-forming structure of a patient interface used for positive air pressure therapy is subject to the corresponding force of the air pressure to disrupt a seal.
  • a variety of techniques have been used to position the seal-forming structure, and to maintain it in sealing relation with the appropriate portion of the face.
  • Several factors may be considered when comparing different positioning and stabilising techniques. These include: how effective the technique is at maintaining the seal-forming structure in the desired position and in sealed engagement with the face during use of the patient interface; how comfortable the interface is for the patient; whether the patient feels intrusiveness and/or claustrophobia when wearing the patient interface; and aesthetic appeal.
  • Another technique is the use of one or more straps and/or stabilising harnesses. Many such harnesses suffer from being one or more of ill-fitting, bulky, uncomfortable and awkward to use.
  • a flow of pressurised air is provided to a patient interface through a conduit in an air circuit that fluidly connects to the patient interface at a location that is in front of the patient’s face when the patient interface is positioned on the patient’s face during use.
  • the conduit may extend from the patient interface forwards away from the patient’s face.
  • Another type of treatment system comprises a patient interface in which a tube that delivers pressurised air to the patient’s airways also functions as part of the headgear to position and stabilise the seal-forming portion of the patient interface at the appropriate part of the patient’s face.
  • This type of patient interface may be referred to as having “conduit headgear” or “headgear tubing”.
  • Such patient interfaces allow the conduit in the air circuit providing the flow of pressurised air from a respiratory pressure therapy (RPT) device to connect to the patient interface in a position other than in front of the patient’s face.
  • RPT respiratory pressure therapy
  • a respiratory pressure therapy (RPT) device may be used individually or as part of a system to deliver one or more of a number of therapies described above, such as by operating the device to generate a flow of air for delivery to an interface to the airways.
  • the flow of air may be pressure-controlled (for respiratory pressure therapies) or flow-controlled (for flow therapies such as HFT).
  • RPT devices may also act as flow therapy devices. Examples of RPT devices include a CPAP device and a ventilator.
  • An air circuit is a conduit or a tube constructed and arranged to allow, in use, a flow of air to travel between two components of a respiratory therapy system such as the RPT device and the patient interface.
  • a respiratory therapy system such as the RPT device and the patient interface.
  • a single limb air circuit is used for both inhalation and exhalation.
  • Delivery of a flow of air without humidification may cause drying of airways.
  • the use of a humidifier with an RPT device and the patient interface produces humidified gas that minimizes drying of the nasal mucosa and increases patient airway comfort.
  • warm air applied generally to the face area in and about the patient interface is more comfortable than cold air.
  • Some forms of treatment systems may include a vent to allow the washout of exhaled carbon dioxide.
  • the vent may allow a flow of gas from an interior space of a patient interface, e.g., the plenum chamber, to an exterior of the patient interface, e.g., to ambient.
  • the present technology is directed towards providing medical devices used in the screening, diagnosis, monitoring, amelioration, treatment, or prevention of respiratory disorders having one or more of improved comfort, cost, efficacy, ease of use and manufacturability.
  • a first aspect of the present technology relates to apparatus used in the screening, diagnosis, monitoring, amelioration, treatment or prevention of a respiratory disorder.
  • Another aspect of the present technology relates to methods used in the screening, diagnosis, monitoring, amelioration, treatment or prevention of a respiratory disorder.
  • An aspect of certain forms of the present technology is to provide methods and/or apparatus that improve the compliance of patients with respiratory therapy.
  • One form of the present technology comprises a positioning and stabilising structure configured to provide a force to hold the seal-forming structure in a therapeutically effective position on the patient’s head.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure includes at least one strap.
  • One form of the present technology comprises a patient interface comprising a plenum chamber, a seal-forming structure, and a positioning and stabilising structure.
  • One form of the present technology comprises patient interface comprising a plenum chamber pressurisable to a therapeutic pressure of at least 4 cmH20 above ambient air pressure.
  • the plenum chamber includes at least one plenum chamber inlet port sized and structured to receive a flow of air at the therapeutic pressure for breathing by a patient.
  • the patient interface also comprises a seal-forming structure that is constructed and arranged to form a seal with a region of the patient’s face surrounding an entrance to the patient’s airways.
  • the seal-forming structure has a hole therein such that the flow of air at said therapeutic pressure is delivered to at least an entrance to the patient’s nares.
  • the seal-forming structure is constructed and arranged to maintain said therapeutic pressure in the plenum chamber throughout the patient’s respiratory cycle in use.
  • the patient interface also comprises a positioning and stabilising structure to provide a force to hold the seal-forming structure in a therapeutically effective position on the patient’s head.
  • a positioning and stabilising structure to provide a force to hold the seal-forming structure in a therapeutically effective position on the patient’s head.
  • each modular element there are at least two versions or styles of each modular element.
  • the versions or styles may be interchangeably used with one another in order to form different modular assemblies.
  • One form of the present technology comprises a positioning and stabilising structure configured for use in supporting a patient interface in sealing engagement with the face of a patient during delivery of a flow of breathable gas to the nose and mouth of the patient during a respiratory therapy treatment.
  • One form of the present technology relates to a headgear strap having a hollow textile structure.
  • Another aspect of the present technology relates to a positioning and stabilising structure having a rear portion with first and second sections having different textile structures.
  • the first textile structure is a ribbed textile structure.
  • Another aspect of the present technology relates to a positioning and stabilising structure having a slit that bifurcates the headgear portion having a ribbed textile structure into a superior strap portion and an inferior strap portion.
  • the ribbed textile structure is a hollow ribbed textile structure.
  • Another aspect of the present technology relates to a patient interface for sealed delivery of a flow of air at a continuously positive pressure with respect to ambient air pressure to an entrance to a patient’s airway including at least entrance of a patient’s nares, wherein the patient interface is configured to maintain a therapy pressure in a range of about 4 cmH20 to about 30 cmH20 above ambient air pressure in use, throughout a patient’s respiratory cycle, while the patient is sleeping, to ameliorate sleep disordered breathing.
  • the patient interface comprises: 1) a cushion assembly configured to deliver a flow of air to the patient’s airways; and 2) a positioning and stabilising structure to provide a force to hold the seal-forming structure in a therapeutically effective position on the patient’s head, the positioning and stabilising structure being constructed and arranged so that at least a portion overlies a region of the patient’s head superior to an otobasion superior of the patient’s head in use.
  • the positioning and stabilizing structure comprises a headgear strap including: 1) a rear portion configured to contact a posterior portion of the patient’s head in use; and 2) a pair of side portions connected to the rear portion and configured to extend along respective sides of the patient’s head in use; b) at least the rear portion is formed in one-piece as a single piece of material; c) the rear portion includes a ribbed textile structure having repeating rows of protrusions formed as hollow portions configured to provide greater compliance (e.g. enhanced cushioning) as compared to the side portions; d) the side portions include a textile structure that is different from the ribbed textile structure of the rear portion; and/or e) the rear portion has increased lengthwise stretchability as compared to the side portions.
  • the ribbed textile structure comprises a hollow rib knit and/or a hollow rib weave; g) at least one area of the rear portion has a thickness that is greater than a thickness of an area of the side portions; h) the at least one area of the rear portion is configured to compress a further distance than the area of the side portions when the positioning and stabilising structure is worn; i) the side portions include a textile structure that comprises pique, mesh, interlock, honeycomb, and/or plain jersey; and/or j) the rear portion includes a slit separating the rear portion into a superior strap portion and an inferior strap portion, the rear portion being configured such that the superior strap portion is movable relative to the inferior strap portion when the positioning and stabilising structure is worn.
  • the rear portion has increased lengthwise stretchability as compared to the side portions; b) the ribbed textile structure comprises a hollow rib knit and/or a hollow rib weave; c) at least one area of the rear portion has a thickness that is greater than a thickness of an area of the side portions; d) the at least one area of the rear portion is configured to compress a further distance than the area of the side portions when the positioning and stabilising structure is worn; e) the side portions include a textile structure that comprises pique, mesh, interlock, honeycomb, and/or plain jersey; f) the rear portion includes a slit separating the rear portion into a superior strap portion and an inferior strap portion, the rear portion being configured such that the superior strap portion is movable relative to the inferior strap portion when the positioning and stabilising structure is worn.
  • Another aspect of the present technology relates to a patient interface for sealed delivery of a flow of air at a continuously positive pressure with respect to ambient air pressure to an entrance to a patient’s airway including at least entrance of a patient’s nares, wherein the patient interface is configured to maintain a therapy pressure in a range of about 4 cmH20 to about 30 cmH20 above ambient air pressure in use, throughout a patient’s respiratory cycle, while the patient is sleeping, to ameliorate sleep disordered breathing.
  • the patient interface comprises: 1) a cushion assembly configured to deliver a flow of air to the patient’s airways; and 2) a positioning and stabilising structure to provide a force to hold the seal-forming structure in a therapeutically effective position on the patient’s head, the positioning and stabilising structure being constructed and arranged so that at least a portion overlies a region of the patient’s head superior to an otobasion superior of the patient’s head in use.
  • the positioning and stabilizing structure comprises a headgear strap including a rear portion configured to contact a posterior portion of the patient’s head in use.
  • the headgear strap further includes a pair of side portions connected to the rear portion and configured to extend along respective sides of the patient’s head in use; b) at least the rear portion is formed in one-piece as a single piece of material; c) the rear portion includes a first section having a first textile structure and a second section having a second textile structure, the second textile structure being different from the first textile structure; d) the first textile structure is a ribbed textile structure; and/or e) the first section is disposed in an interior section of the rear portion, and the second section at least partially surrounds the first section.
  • the second section when the positioning and stabilising structure is worn, the second section is disposed between 1) the first section; and 2) superior and inferior edges of the rear portion; g) the first section of the rear portion has increased lengthwise stretchability as compared to the second section; h) the ribbed textile structure of the first section has a vertical orientation; i) the first section of the rear strap has increased stretchability in a width direction of the headgear strap, as compared to the second section; j) the ribbed textile structure of the first section has a horizonal orientation; k) the rear portion has increased lengthwise stretchability as compared to the side portions; and/or 1) the rear portion includes a slit separating the rear portion into a superior strap portion and an inferior strap portion, the rear portion being configured such that the superior strap portion is movable relative to the inferior strap portion when the positioning and stabilising structure is worn.
  • the first section is disposed in an interior section of the rear portion, and the second section at least partially surrounds the first section; b) when the positioning and stabilising structure is worn, the second section is disposed between 1) the first section; and 2) superior and inferior edges of the rear portion; c) the first section of the rear portion has increased lengthwise stretchability as compared to the second section; d) the ribbed textile structure of the first section has a vertical orientation; e) the first section of the rear strap has increased stretchability in a width direction of the headgear strap, as compared to the second section; f) the ribbed textile structure of the first section has a horizonal orientation; g) the rear portion has increased lengthwise stretchability as compared to the side portions; h) the rear portion includes a slit separating the rear portion into a superior strap portion and an inferior strap portion, the rear portion being configured such that the superior strap portion is movable relative to the inferior strap portion when the positioning and stabilising structure is worn.
  • FIG. 7 Another aspect of the present technology relates to a treatment system for treatment of sleep disordered breathing, comprising: the patient interface according to any one of the preceding aspects; a respiratory pressure therapy (RPT) device to supply breathable gas at positive pressure; and an air delivery tube to pass the breathable gas from the RPT device to the patient interface.
  • RPT respiratory pressure therapy
  • a positioning and stabilising structure configured for use in supporting a patient interface in sealing engagement with the face of a patient during delivery of a flow of breathable gas to the nose and mouth of the patient during a respiratory therapy treatment
  • the positioning and stabilising structure comprising: a rear strap configured to, in use, overlay the occipital bone and/or trapezius muscles at the rear of the patient’s head, the rear strap including a ribbed textile structure; a top strap, configured to, in use extend across the head of the user; at least one side strap positioned on each side of the positioning and stabilising structure and being configured to connect to the patient interface in use, wherein the at least one side strap is configured to extend from the rear strap and top strap, at a point which is superior to the ears of the patient, through to the patient interface, along a respective side of the patient’s face, wherein the at least one side strap each comprises a rigidiser, and wherein the rigidiser has a first end which overlays or sits inferior to the
  • the positioning and stabilising structure comprises connecting portions configured to connect the patient interface to the side straps to provide a two-point headgear arrangement; b) the connecting portions comprise a first region having a first stretchability and a second region having a second stretchability, wherein the second region has a greater stretchability than the first region; c) the second region has a maximum elongation in the range of 110%-200%, and the first region may be configured to have a maximum elongation in the range of 50%-75%; d) an axis connecting the first end of the rigidiser to the second end of the rigidiser has an angle when measured with respect to the Frankfort horizontal of the patient in use, and wherein the angle is between substantially 0 degrees and substantially 25 degrees; e) the angle is substantially 15 degrees; f) the rigidiser has a profile which follows the direction of the at least one side strap; g) the profile comprises a substantially inverted U-shape; h) the profile comprises a substantially inverted Y-
  • FIG. 1 Another aspect of one form of the present technology is a positioning and stabilising structure configured for use in supporting a patient interface in sealing engagement with the face of a patient during delivery of a flow of breathable gas to the nose and mouth of the patient during a respiratory therapy treatment, which includes a rigidiser that includes a first end which overlays or sits inferior to the cheekbones of the patient in use, and a second end which is located posterior to the ear of the patient in use.
  • a positioning and stabilising structure configured for use in supporting a patient interface in sealing engagement with the face of a patient during delivery of a flow of breathable gas to the nose and mouth of the patient during a respiratory therapy treatment
  • the positioning and stabilising structure comprising: a rear strap configured to, in use overlay the occipital bone, and/or trapezius muscles at the rear of the patients head, the rear strap including a ribbed textile structure; a top strap, configured to, in use extend across the head of the patient in use, at least one side strap positioned on each side of the positioning and stabilising structure and being configured to connect to the patient interface in use, wherein the at least one side straps are configured to extend from the rear strap and from the top strap along a respective side of the patient’s face, superior to the ears of the patient, wherein the at least one side strap comprises a rigidiser, and wherein the rigidiser has a first end which overlays or sits inferior to the cheekbones of the patient in use, and
  • the rear strap may comprise an outer portion comprising the ribbed textile structure and an inner portion comprising a mesh structure of monofilament or multifilament yams.
  • Another aspect of one form of the present technology is a rigidiser for use in a positioning and stabilising structure.
  • a rigidiser for use in a positioning and stabilising structure that includes a rear strap configured to, in use overlay the occipital bone, and/or trapezius muscles at the rear of the patient’s head, the rear strap including a ribbed textile structure; a top strap, configured to, in use extend across the head of the patient, at least one side strap positioned on each side of the positioning and stabilising structure and being configured to connect to a patient interface in use, wherein the at least one side straps are configured to extend from the rear strap and from the top strap along a respective side of the patient’ s face, superior to the ears of the patient, the rigidiser comprising a first end which is configured to overlay or sit inferior to the cheekbones of the patient in use, and a second end which is located posterior to the ear of the patient in use.
  • FIG. 1 Another aspect of one form of the present technology is a headgear assembly configured to position and support a patient interface in sealing engagement with the face of a patient during delivery of a flow of breathable gas to the nose and mouth of the patient during a respiratory therapy treatment.
  • FIG. 10 Another aspect of one form of the present technology is a headgear assembly comprising connecting portions configured to connect a patient interface to side straps to provide a two-point headgear arrangement, the connecting portions comprise a first region having a first stretchability and a second region having a second stretchability, wherein the second region has a greater stretchability than the first region.
  • Another aspect of one form of the present technology is a two-point headgear arrangement.
  • Another aspect of one form of the present technology is a four-point headgear arrangement.
  • a headgear assembly configured to position and support a patient interface in sealing engagement with the face of a patient during delivery of a flow of breathable gas to the nose and mouth of the patient during a respiratory therapy treatment
  • the headgear assembly comprising: a rear strap configured to, in use overlay the occipital bone, and/or trapezius muscles at the rear of the patients head; a top strap, configured to, in use extend across the patients head, at least one side strap positioned on each side of the headgear assembly and being configured to connect to the patient interface in use via one or more connecting portions, wherein the at least one side straps are configured to extend from the rear strap, and top strap along a respective side of the patients face, such that no straps are positioned inferior to the ears of the patient in use, and wherein the connecting portions comprise a first region having a first stretchability and a second region having a second stretchability, wherein the second region has a greater stretchability than the first region.
  • FIG. 1 Another aspect of one form of the present technology is a positioning and stabilising structure configured for use in supporting a patient interface in sealing engagement with the face of a patient during delivery of a flow of breathable gas to the nose and mouth of the patient during a respiratory therapy treatment, the positioning and stabilising structure comprising: at least one rear strap configured to, in use, overlay the occipital bone and/or trapezius muscles at the rear of the patient’s head; a top strap, configured to, in use extend across the head of the user; at least one side strap positioned on each side of the positioning and stabilising structure and being configured to connect to the patient interface in use, wherein the at least one side strap is configured to extend from the rear strap and top strap, at a point which is superior to the ears of the patient, through to the patient interface, along a respective side of the patient’s face, wherein the at least one side strap comprises a rigidiser, and wherein the rigidiser extends from a point which is superior to the patient’s ear to a point which is inferior and anterior of
  • a respiratory therapy system which comprises, a positioning and stabilising structure; a patient interface configured to provide a seal with the airways of a patient for delivery of a flow of breathable gas at a positive pressure; a pressure generator configured to generate the flow of breathable gas at a positive pressure; and an air circuit configured to fluidly couple the pressure generator to the patient interface;
  • the positioning and stabilising structure comprises: a rear strap configured to, in use, overlay the occipital bone and/or trapezius muscles at the rear of the patient’s head; a top strap, configured to, in use extend across the head of the user; at least one side strap positioned on each side of the positioning and stabilising structure and being configured to connect to the patient interface in use, wherein the at least one side strap is configured to extend from the rear strap and top strap, at a point which is superior to the ears of the patient, through to the patient interface, along a respective side of the patient’s face, wherein the at least one side strap each comprises
  • Another aspect of one form of the technology is a rigidised strap for a positioning and stabilising structure.
  • the rigidised strap may comprise a patient contacting layer, a non-patient contacting layer, and a rigidiser configured to in use increase the rigidity of the strap.
  • the patient contacting layer, and/or the nonpatient contacting layer comprise a ribbed textile structure.
  • the rigidised strap may comprise a first limb and a second limb, the first and second limb being offset laterally from a longitudinal axis of the strap.
  • the first limb and second limb may be spaced apart to provide a gap between the first limb and the second limb.
  • a first end of the first limb may be connected to a first end of the second limb, and a second end of the first limb, may be connected to a second end of the second limb.
  • a first end of the first limb may be connected to a first end of the second limb, and a second end of the first limb, may be separated from the second end of the second limb.
  • FIG. 10 Another aspect of the technology is a headgear assembly configured to position and stabilise a patient interface in sealing engagement with the face of a patient during delivery of a flow of breathable gas to the nose and mouth of the patient during a respiratory therapy treatment.
  • the headgear may comprise: a rear strap configured to, in use overlay the occipital bone, and/or trapezius muscles at the rear of the patients head; a top strap, configured to, in use overlay the parietal bone on the top of the patients head, and at least one rigidised strap.
  • the rear strap may include a ribbed textile structure.
  • the headgear assembly comprises two rigidised straps as described in any of the above aspects or examples, each of the rigidised straps being provided on respective sides of the headgear assembly. The rigidised straps may be configured to connect to a patient interface in use through a connection portion.
  • Each of the rigidised straps may be configured to extend from the rear strap and top strap, at a point which is superior to the ears of the patient, through to the patient interface, along a respective side of the patient’s face.
  • the rigidised straps may each comprise a first end which overlays or sits inferior to the cheekbones of the patient in use, and a second end which is located posterior to the ear of the patient in use.
  • Any one or more of the rear strap, top strap, and rigidised straps are formed from a knitted textile.
  • Any one or more of the top strap, and/or rigidised straps may also comprise a ribbed textile structure.
  • each of the rigidised straps may be configured to extend from the rear strap and top strap, at a point which is superior to the ears of the patient, through to the patient interface, along a respective side of the patient’s face.
  • each of the rigidised straps may comprise a first end which overlays or sits inferior to the cheekbones of the patient in use, and a second end which is located posterior to the ear of the patient in use.
  • a respiratory therapy system which comprises: a positioning and stabilising structure; a patient interface configured to provide a seal with the airways of a patient for delivery of a flow of breathable gas at a positive pressure; a pressure generator configured to generate the flow of breathable gas at a positive pressure; and an air circuit configured to fluidly couple the pressure generator to the patient interface.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure may comprise: a rear strap configured to, in use, overlay the occipital bone and/or trapezius muscles at the rear of the patient’s head; a top strap, configured to, in use extend across the head of the user; and at least one rigidised strap as described herein.
  • a respiratory therapy system comprising: a positioning and stabilising structure; a patient interface configured to provide a seal with the airways of a patient for delivery of a flow of breathable gas at a positive pressure; a pressure generator configured to generate the flow of breathable gas at a positive pressure; and an air circuit configured to fluidly couple the pressure generator to the patient interface; wherein the positioning and stabilising structure comprises: a rear strap configured to, in use, overlay the occipital bone and/or trapezius muscles at the rear of the patient’s head; a top strap, configured to, in use extend across the head of the patient; at least one rigidised strap as described herein according to any aspect or example.
  • the patient interface may be configured to provide the flow of breathable gas to the oral and nasal passages of the patient.
  • FIG. 1 Another aspect of the present technology is a positioning and stabilising structure configured for use in supporting a patient interface in sealing engagement with the face of a patient during delivery of a flow of breathable gas to the nose and mouth of the patient during a respiratory therapy treatment, the positioning and stabilising structure comprising: at least one rear strap configured to, in use, overlay the occipital bone and/or trapezius muscles at the rear of the patient’s head, the rear strap comprising a ribbed textile structure such as any ribbed textile structure described herein; a top strap, configured to, in use extend across the head of the user; at least one side strap positioned on each side of the positioning and stabilising structure and being configured to connect to the patient interface in use, wherein the at least one side strap is configured to extend from the rear strap and top strap, at a point which is superior to the ears of the patient, through to the patient interface, along a respective side of the patient’s face, wherein the at least one side strap comprises a rigidiser, and wherein the rigidiser extends from a
  • a respiratory therapy system comprising: a positioning and stabilising structure; a patient interface configured to provide a seal with the airways of a patient for delivery of a flow of breathable gas at a positive pressure; a pressure generator configured to generate the flow of breathable gas at a positive pressure; and an air circuit configured to fluidly couple the pressure generator to the patient interface; wherein the positioning and stabilising structure comprises: a rear strap configured to, in use, overlay the occipital bone and/or trapezius muscles at the rear of the patient’s head; a top strap, configured to, in use extend across the head of the user; at least one side strap positioned on each side of the positioning and stabilising structure and being configured to connect to the patient interface via a connecting portion in use, wherein the at least one side strap is configured to extend from the rear strap and top strap, at a point which is superior to the ears of the patient, through to the patient interface, along a respective side of the patient’s face, wherein the at least one side strap
  • the patient interface may be configured to deliver the flow of breathable gas to the nasal and oral airways of the patient in use.
  • Another aspect of one form of the present technology is a patient interface that is moulded or otherwise constructed with a perimeter shape which is complementary to that of an intended wearer.
  • An aspect of one form of the present technology is a method of manufacturing apparatus.
  • Another aspect of one form of the present technology is a method of assembling a modular system comprising selecting a positioning and stabilising structure, and connecting the positioning and stabilising structure to either a first cushion or a second cushion.
  • An aspect of certain forms of the present technology is a medical device that is easy to use, e.g. by a person who does not have medical training, by a person who has limited dexterity, vision or by a person with limited experience in using this type of medical device.
  • An aspect of one form of the present technology is a patient interface that may be washed in a home of a patient, e.g., in soapy water, without requiring specialised cleaning equipment.
  • An aspect of one form of the present technology is a humidifier tank that may be washed in a home of a patient, e.g., in soapy water, without requiring specialised cleaning equipment.
  • portions of the aspects may form sub-aspects of the present technology.
  • various ones of the sub-aspects and/or aspects may be combined in various manners and also constitute additional aspects or sub-aspects of the present technology.
  • FIG. 1 A shows a system including a patient 1000 wearing a patient interface 3000, in the form of nasal pillows, receiving a supply of air at positive pressure from an RPT device 4000. Air from the RPT device 4000 is humidified in a humidifier 5000, and passes along an air circuit 4170 to the patient 1000. A bed partner 1100 is also shown. The patient is sleeping in a supine sleeping position.
  • Fig. IB shows a system including a patient 1000 wearing a patient interface 3000, in the form of a nasal mask, receiving a supply of air at positive pressure from an RPT device 4000. Air from the RPT device is humidified in a humidifier 5000, and passes along an air circuit 4170 to the patient 1000.
  • FIG. 1C shows a system including a patient 1000 wearing a patient interface 3000, in the form of a full-face mask, receiving a supply of air at positive pressure from an RPT device 4000. Air from the RPT device is humidified in a humidifier 5000, and passes along an air circuit 4170 to the patient 1000. The patient is sleeping in a side sleeping position.
  • Fig. 2A shows an overview of a human respiratory system including the nasal and oral cavities, the larynx, vocal folds, oesophagus, trachea, bronchus, lung, alveolar sacs, heart and diaphragm.
  • Fig. 2B is a side view of a head with several features of surface anatomy identified including glabella, sellion, pronasale, subnasale, lip superior, lip inferior, supramenton, nasal ridge, alar crest point, otobasion superior and otobasion inferior. Also indicated are the directions superior & inferior, and anterior & posterior.
  • Fig. 2C is a further side view of a head.
  • the approximate locations of the Frankfort horizontal and nasolabial angle are indicated.
  • the coronal plane is also indicated.
  • Fig. 2D shows a front view of the bones of a skull including the frontal, nasal and zygomatic bones. Nasal concha are indicated, as are the maxilla, and mandible.
  • Fig. 2E shows a lateral view of a skull with the outline of the surface of a head, as well as several muscles.
  • the following bones are shown: frontal, sphenoid, nasal, zygomatic, maxilla, mandible, parietal, temporal and occipital. The mental protuberance is indicated.
  • the following muscles are shown: digastricus, masseter, sternocleidomastoid and trapezius.
  • Fig. 2F shows an anterolateral view of a nose.
  • FIG. 3A shows a patient interface in the form of a nasal mask in accordance with one form of the present technology.
  • Fig. 3A-1 shows forces acting on the patient interface of Fig. 3 A, while in use.
  • Fig. 3B shows a patient interface in the form of a full-face mask in accordance with one form of the present technology.
  • Fig. 3C shows a patient interface having conduit headgear, in accordance with one form of the present technology.
  • Fig. 3D shows a side view of headgear supporting a nasal patient interface, in accordance with one form of the present technology.
  • FIG. 4 shows a perspective view of a positioning and stabilising structure comprising headgear straps for supporting a patient interface in accordance with one form of the present technology.
  • FIG. 5A shows a side view of a four-point positioning and stabilising structure comprising straps which a positioned superior to the ear of the patient in use.
  • FIG. 5B shows a two-point positioning and stabilising structure in accordance with one form of the present technology.
  • FIG. 5C shows a side view of a positioning and stabilising structure comprising rigidised straps which a positioned superior to the ear of the patient in use.
  • FIG. 5D shows a perspective view of a further positioning and stabilising structure comprising a rigidiser which extends from a region anterior to the ear of the patient, to a region posterior of the ear of the patient, by following a path adjacent to the otobasion superior region of the patient.
  • FIG. 6A shows a side view of a positioning and stabilising structure in accordance with one form of the technology.
  • FIG. 6B shows one form of a rigidiser which may be used with the positioning and stabilising structure of FIG. 6A.
  • FIG. 6C shows another form of a rigidiser which may be used with the positioning and stabilising structure of FIG. 6A.
  • FIG. 6D shows another form of a rigidiser which may be used with the positioning and stabilising structure of FIG. 6A.
  • FIG. 6E shows another form of a rigidiser which may be used with the positioning and stabilising structure of FIG. 6A.
  • FIG. 6F shows another form of a rigidiser which may be used with the positioning and stabilising structure of FIG. 6A.
  • FIG. 6G shows another form of a rigidiser which may be used with the positioning and stabilising structure of FIG. 6A.
  • FIG. 7A shows a cross sectional view of a strap comprising a rigidiser in accordance with one form of the technology.
  • FIG. 7B shows a cross sectional view of a strap comprising a rigidiser in accordance with another form of the technology.
  • FIG. 7C shows a cross sectional view of a strap comprising a rigidiser in accordance with another form of the technology.
  • FIG. 7D shows a cross sectional view of a strap comprising a rigidiser in accordance with another form of the technology.
  • FIG. 7E shows a cross sectional view of a strap comprising a rigidiser in accordance with another form of the technology.
  • FIG. 7F shows a cross sectional view of a strap comprising a rigidiser in accordance with another form of the technology.
  • FIG. 7G shows a cross sectional view of a strap comprising a rigidiser in accordance with another form of the technology.
  • FIG. 7H shows a cross sectional view of a strap comprising a foam layer in accordance with one form of the technology.
  • FIG. 71 shows a cross sectional view of a strap comprising a foam layer in accordance with another form of the technology.
  • FIG. 71 shows a cross sectional view of a strap comprising a foam layer in accordance with another form of the technology.
  • FIG. 8A shows an example of a rigidised headgear strap comprising a plurality of regions in accordance with one example of the technology.
  • FIG. 8B shows a further example of a rigidised headgear strap in accordance with one form of the technology.
  • FIG. 8C shows an exemplary rigidiser for a rigidised headgear strap in accordance with one form of the technology.
  • FIG. 8D shows an exemplary rigidiser for a rigidised headgear strap in accordance with another form of the technology.
  • FIG. 9A shows an example of a rigidiser template in accordance with one form of the technology.
  • FIG. 9B shows an example of in-plane bending in accordance with one form of the technology.
  • FIG. 9C shows an example of out-of-plane bending in accordance with another form of the technology.
  • Fig 10A shows a side view of a rigidiser against a patient’s head in accordance with one form of the technology.
  • Fig. 10B shows a side view of another rigidiser against a patient’s head in accordance with another form of the technology.
  • Fig. 10C shows a side view of the rigidiser of Fig. 10B.
  • Fig. 10D shows a side view of the rigidiser of Fig. 10B, overlaid on, or positioned within headgear.
  • Fig. 10E shows a top view of a patient’s head with the rigidiser of Fig. 10B positioned against one side.
  • Fig. 11 A is a schematic representation of a ribbed textile in an extended position according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 1 IB is a schematic representation of a ribbed textile in a contracted position according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 12A-1 is a cross-sectional view of a ribbed textile according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 12A-2 is a cross-sectional view of a ribbed spacer fabric according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 12B-1 is a schematic representation of a ribbed textile structure having hollow portions in accordance with an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 12B-2 is a side view of a headgear portion having a ribbed textile structure with hollow portions in accordance with an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 13 is a front view of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 14A is a schematic representation of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 14B is a schematic representation of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic representation of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic representation of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic representation of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 18 is a schematic representation of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 19 is a front view of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 20 is a schematic representation of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 21 is a schematic representation of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 22 is a schematic representation of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 23 is a schematic representation of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 24 is a front view of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 25 is a front view of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 26 is a front view of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 27 is a front view of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 28 is a front view of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 29 is a front view of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 30 is a front view of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 31 A is a front view of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 3 IB is a front view of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 32A is a front view of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 32B is a front view of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 33 is a front view of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 34 is a front view of a headgear strap according to an example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 35 is a side view of headgear according to an example of the technology.
  • Fig. 36 is an example of a strap according to an example of the technology.
  • Fig. 37 is an example of a positioning and stabilising structure according to another example of the present technology.
  • Fig. 38 is an example of a headgear strap according to another example of the present technology.
  • the present technology comprises a method for treating a respiratory disorder comprising applying positive pressure to the entrance of the airways of a patient 1000.
  • a supply of air at positive pressure is provided to the nasal passages of the patient via one or both nares. While in other examples, the supply of air is provided to the oral and nasal passages of the patient.
  • the present technology comprises a respiratory therapy system for treating a respiratory disorder.
  • the respiratory therapy system may comprise an RPT device 4000 for supplying a flow of air to the patient 1000 via an air circuit 4170 and a patient interface 3000 or 3800.
  • a functional aspect may be provided by one or more physical components.
  • one physical component may provide one or more functional aspects.
  • the seal-forming structure 3100 is arranged to surround an entrance to the airways of the patient so as to maintain positive pressure at the entrance(s) to the airways of the patient 1000.
  • the sealed patient interface 3000 is therefore suitable for delivery of positive pressure therapy.
  • the patient interface is supported on the patient’s head via a positioning and a positioning and stabilising structure 3300, or headgear.
  • a patient interface is unable to comfortably deliver a minimum level of positive pressure to the airways, the patient interface may be unsuitable for respiratory pressure therapy.
  • the patient interface 3000 in accordance with one form of the present technology is constructed and arranged to be able to provide a supply of air at a positive pressure above the ambient, for example at least 2, 4, 6, 10, or 20 cmH20 with respect to ambient. 5.3.1 Seal-forming structure
  • the patient interface 3000 comprises a seal-forming structure 3100 configured to seal around an entrance to the patient’s nasal airways and also around the patient’s mouth.
  • the sealforming structure 3100 may be configured to seal to the patient’s face proximate a chin region.
  • This patient interface 3000 may deliver a supply of air or breathable gas to both nares and to the mouth of patient 1000.
  • This type of patient interface may be identified as a nose and mouth mask.
  • nose-and-mouth mask is what has traditionally been identified as a “full-face mask”, having a seal-forming structure 3100 configured to seal on the patient’s face around the nose, below the mouth and over the bridge of the nose.
  • a nose-and-mouth mask may be generally triangular in shape.
  • the patient interface 3000 comprises a seal-forming structure 3100 that forms a seal in use to a patient’s chin-region (which may include the patient’s lip inferior and/or a region directly inferior to the lip inferior), to the patient’s nose bridge or at least a portion of the nose ridge superior to the pronasale, and to cheek regions of the patient's face.
  • a patient interface 3000 shown in Fig.
  • This patient interface 3000 may deliver a supply of air or breathable gas to both nares and mouth of patient 1000 through a single orifice.
  • This type of seal- forming structure 3100 may be referred to as a “nose-and-mouth cushion”.
  • the patient interface 3000 comprises a seal-forming structure 3100 that forms a seal in use on a patient’s chin region (which may include the patient’s lip inferior and/or a region directly inferior to the lip inferior), to an inferior and/or an anterior surface of a pronasale portion of the patient’s nose, to the alae of the patient’s nose and to the patient’s face on each lateral side of the patient’s nose, for example proximate the nasolabial sulci.
  • the sealforming structure 3100 may also form a seal against a patient’s lip superior.
  • a patient interface 3000 having this type of seal-forming structure may have a single opening configured to deliver a flow of air or breathable gas to both nares and mouth of a patient, may have an oral hole configured to provide air or breathable gas to the mouth and a nasal hole configured to provide air or breathable gas to the nares, or may have an oral hole for delivering air to the patient’s mouth and two nasal holes for delivering air to respective nares.
  • This type of patient interface 3000 may have a nasal portion and an oral portion, the nasal portion sealing to the patient’s face at similar locations to a nasal cradle mask.
  • the patient interface 3000 may comprise a seal-forming structure 3100 having a nasal portion comprising nasal pillows and an oral portion configured to form a seal to the patient’s face around the patient’s mouth.
  • the seal-forming structure 3100 may have a nasal portion that is separate and distinct from an oral portion. In other forms, a seal-forming structure 3100 may form a contiguous seal around the patient’s nose and mouth.
  • patient interface 3000 do not constitute an exhaustive hst of possible configurations.
  • a patient interface 3000 may comprise a combination of different features of the above-described examples of nose-only and nose and mouth masks.
  • the plenum chamber 3200 has a perimeter that is shaped to be complementary to the surface contour of the face of an average person in the region where a seal will form in use. In use, a marginal edge of the plenum chamber 3200 is positioned in close proximity to an adjacent surface of the face. Actual contact with the face is provided by the seal-forming structure 3100.
  • the seal-forming structure 3100 may extend in use about the entire perimeter of the plenum chamber 3200. In some forms, the plenum chamber 3200 and the seal-forming structure 3100 are formed from a single homogeneous piece of material.
  • the plenum chamber 3200 does not cover the eyes of the patient in use. In other words, the eyes are outside the pressurised volume defined by the plenum chamber. Such forms tend to be less obtrusive and / or more comfortable for the wearer, which can improve compliance with therapy.
  • the patient interface 3000 comprises a cushion module.
  • the cushion module may at least partially form the sealforming structure 3100 and the plenum chamber 3200 of the patient interface 3000.
  • the cushion module may be removable/separable from other portions of the patient interface 3000. 5.3.3 Positioning and stabilising structure
  • the seal-forming structure 3100 of the patient interface 3000 of the present technology may be held in sealing position in use by a positioning and stabilising structure 3300.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 may comprise and function as “headgear” since it engages the patient’s head in order to hold the patient interface 3000 in a sealing position. Examples of a positioning and stabilising structure may be shown in Figs. 3A and 4.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 provides a retention force at least sufficient to overcome the effect of the positive pressure in the plenum chamber 3200 to lift off the face (i.e., Fpienum).
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 provides a retention force to overcome the effect of the gravitational force (i.e., F g ) on the patient interface 3000.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 provides a force Fpss that assists in maintaining the plenum chamber 3200 in the sealing position on the patient’s face.
  • the positioning and stabilising force Fpss may be the resultant force from the various forces of the different elements of the positioning and stabilising structure 3300.
  • the upper headgear straps 3092, and lower headgear straps 3094 may individually or together provide a strap force Fstrap in order to hold the seal-forming structure 3100 against the patient’s face.
  • the force Fstrap may also be directed at least partially in the superior direction in order to overcome the gravitational force F g .
  • the gravitational force F g may be specifically shown for the seal-forming structure 3100 and the plenum chamber 3200, but gravity would act on the entirely of the patient interface 3000 (i.e., in the same direction as the illustrated gravitational force F g ).
  • the gravitational force F g may be opposed by a frictional force Ff, which may act in a direction directly opposite of the gravitational force Fg.
  • a frictional force Ff As gravity pulls the seal-forming structure 3100 and the plenum chamber 3200 in the inferior direction (as viewed in Fig. 3A-1), the frictional force Ff would act in the superior direction (e g., against a patient’s face).
  • the patient may experience the frictional force Ff against his lip superior (and/or other surfaces of the patient’s face in contact with the seal-forming structure 3100) in order to oppose the motion in the inferior direction (which may help to stabilising the cushion in place).
  • the frictional force Ff is shown specifically opposing the gravitational force F g of the seal-forming structure 3100 and the plenum chamber 3200, components of an overall frictional force (not shown) would also oppose the gravitational force F g associated with the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 and any other portions of the patient interface 3000.
  • a force of friction can act along any place where the patient interface 3000 contacts the patient’s skin (or hair).
  • the frictional force Ff extends in the opposite direction of the gravitational force F g and along the patient’s skin (or hair).
  • the gravitiational force F g may also be countered by vertical components of the reaction force from the patient’s face acting on the seal-forming structure 3100, for example at the nose ridge and chin regions of the patient’s face, for example.
  • the sum of the various forces may equal zero so that the patient interface 3000 is at equilibrium (e.g., not moving along the patient’s face while in use).
  • the gravitational force F g and the blowout force Fpi en um tend to move the seal-forming structure 3100 away from the desired sealing position.
  • the positioning and stabilising force Fpss is applied in order to counteract the gravitational force F g and the blowout force F pien um (as well as any frictional forces Ff) and keep the seal-forming structure 3100 properly situated.
  • the positioning and stabilising force Fpss may exceed the sum of the gravitational force F g and the blowout force Fpienum (with any additional positioning and stabilising force Fpss being balanced by reaction force from the patient’s head acting on the portions of patient interface 3000) and still maintain the seal-forming structure 3100 in an appropriate sealing position, patient comfort may be sacrificed. Maximum patient comfort may be achieved when the net force on the patient interface 3000 is zero and the positioning and stabilising force Fpss is exactly strong enough to achieve this.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 may be adjustable such that when fitted the positioning and stabilising force Fpss is greater than required to exactly balance the gravitational force F g and the blowout force Fpienum to hold the patient interface 3000 against the patient’s head tightly enough that disruptive forces which may be experienced in use (such as tube drag or lateral shunting of the plenum chamber 3200 during side sleeping) do not disrupt the seal.
  • disruptive forces which may be experienced in use (such as tube drag or lateral shunting of the plenum chamber 3200 during side sleeping) do not disrupt the seal.
  • various positions of the patient’s head while using the patient interface 3000 may determine the positioning and stabilising force Fpss necessary to achieve equilibrium.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 provides a retention force as a safety margin to overcome the potential effect of disrupting forces on the patient interface 3000, such as from tube drag, or accidental interference with the patient interface.
  • a positioning and stabilising structure 3300 is provided that is configured in a manner consistent with being worn by a patient while sleeping.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 has a low profile, or cross-sectional thickness, to reduce the perceived or actual bulk of the apparatus.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 comprises at least one strap 3092, 3094 having a rectangular cross-section, including for example a rounded rectangle which may advantageously lift the edges of the straps outwardly away from the face of the patient, which may help to improve comfort, and/or reduce the occurrence of facial marking on the patient.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 comprises at least one flat strap.
  • a positioning and stabilising structure 3300 is provided that is configured so as not to be too large and bulky to prevent the patient from lying in a supine sleeping position with a back region of the patient’s head on a pillow.
  • a positioning and stabilising structure 3300 is provided that is configured so as not to be too large and bulky to prevent the patient from lying in a side sleeping position with a side region of the patient’s head on a pillow.
  • a positioning and stabilising structure 3300 comprises a strap constructed from a laminate of a fabric patientcontacting layer, a foam inner layer and a fabric outer layer.
  • the foam is porous to allow moisture, (e.g., sweat), to pass through the strap.
  • the fabric outer layer comprises loop material to engage with a hook material portion.
  • a positioning and stabilising structure 3300 comprises a strap that is extensible, e.g. resiliently extensible.
  • the strap may be configured in use to be in tension, and to direct a force to draw a seal-forming structure into sealing contact with a portion of a patient’s face.
  • the strap may be configured as a tie.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure comprises a top strap 3096, the top strap 3096 being constructed and arranged so that in use at least a portion of an inferior edge thereof passes superior to an otobasion superior of the patient’s head extends from one side of the patients head to the opposing side.
  • the top strap 3096 may extend over the top of the patient’s head
  • the top strap 3096 may overlay a portion of a parietal bone of the patient’s head in use.
  • the top strap 3096 may partially overlay the frontal bone of the patient’s head in use.
  • the top strap 3096 may be superior to the otobasion superior of a patient in use.
  • the top may be adjustable, such as having and adjustable length in order to allow the positioning and stabilising structure to be adjusted in a superior-inferior direction relative to the patient’s head. Accordingly, the top strap may be used to anchor the positioning and stabilising structure to a top of the patient’s head.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure includes a rear strap 3307, the rear strap 3307 being constructed and arranged so that in use, at least a portion of the rear strap 3307 is inferior to the otobasion superior of a patient in use.
  • At least a portion of the rear strap may be configured to pass inferior to an otobasion inferior of the patient’s head, or otherwise overlays or lies inferior to the occipital bone of the patient’s head.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure may comprise a rear strap 3307 which is continuous with, or otherwise connected to the top strap 3096, such that the combined rear/top strap overlays the parietal and occipital bones of the patient’s head in use.
  • the use of a combined or joined rear 3307 and top straps 3096 may reduce a tendency of the rear 3307 and top straps 3096 to move apart from one another.
  • the rear strap 3307 may comprise an adjustment mechanism which allows the patient to adjust the tension provided by the rear strap on the head. In some examples, it may be beneficial for the rear strap to engage with the rear of the head in a region which is just above or superior to the occipital protuberance.
  • one or more of the straps may be bendable and e.g. non-rigid. An advantage of this aspect is that the non-rigid strap may be more comfortable for a patient to lie upon while the patient is sleeping.
  • any one or more of the straps of the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 may be constructed to be breathable to allow moisture vapour to be transmitted through the strap.
  • a system comprising more than one positioning and stabilising structure 3300, each being configured to provide a retaining force to correspond to a different size and/or shape range.
  • the system may comprise one form of positioning and stabilising structure 3300 suitable for a large sized head, but not a small sized head, and another, suitable for a small sized head, but not a large sized head.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 comprises one or more headgear tubes 3350 that deliver pressurised air received from a conduit forming part of the air circuit 4170 from the RPT device to the patient’s airways, for example through the plenum chamber 3200 and seal-forming structure 3100.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 comprises two tubes 3350 that deliver air to the plenum chamber 3200 from the air circuit 4170.
  • the tubes 3350 are configured to position and stabilise the sealforming structure 3100 of the patient interface 3000 at the appropriate part of the patient’s face (for example, the nose and/or mouth) in use. This allows the conduit of air circuit 4170 providing the flow of pressurised air to connect to a connection port 3600 of the patient interface in a position other than in front of the patient’s face, for example on top of the patient’ s head.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 comprises two tubes 3350, each tube 3350 being positioned in use on a different side of the patient’s head and extending across the respective cheek region, above the respective ear (superior to the otobasion superior on the patient’s head) to the elbow 3610 on top of the head of the patient 1000.
  • This form of technology may be advantageous because, if a patient sleeps with their head on its side and one of the tubes 3350 is compressed to block or partially block the flow of gas along the tube 3350, the other tube 3350 remains open to supply pressurised gas to the patient.
  • the patient interface 3000 may comprise a different number of tubes, for example one tube, or two or more tubes.
  • the single tube 3350 is positioned on one side of the patient’s head in use (e g. across one cheek region) and a strap forms part of the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 and is positioned on the other side of the patient’s head in use (e.g. across the other region) to assist in securing the patient interface 3000 on the patient’s head.
  • the tube 3350 and the strap may each be under tension in use in order to assist in maintaining the seal-forming structure 3100 in a sealing position.
  • the tube 3350 may be at least partially extensible so that the tube 3350 and the strap may adjust substantially equal lengths when worn by a patient. This may allow for substantially symmetrical adjustments between the tube 3350 and the strap so that the seal-forming structure remains substantially in the middle.
  • the two tubes 3350 are fluidly connected at superior ends to each other and to the connection port 3600.
  • the two tubes 3350 are integrally formed while in other examples the tubes 3350 are formed separately but are connected in use and may be disconnected, for example for cleaning or storage. Where separate tubes are used, they may be indirectly connected together, for example each may be connected to a T-shaped connector.
  • the T-shaped connector may have two arms/branches each fluidly connectable to a respective one of the tubes 3350. Additionally, the T-shaped connector may have a third arm or opening providing the connection port 3600 for fluid connection to the air circuit 4170 in use.
  • the tubes 3350 may be formed from a flexible material, such as an elastomer, e.g. silicone or TPE, and/or from one or more textile and/or foam materials.
  • the tubes 3350 may have a preformed shape and may be able to be bent or moved into another shape upon application of a force but may return to the original preformed shape in the absence of said force.
  • the tubes 3350 may be generally arcuate or curved in a shape approximating the contours of a patient’s head between the top of the head and the nasal or oral region.
  • the one or more tubes 3350 are crush resistant to resist being blocked if crushed during use, for example if squashed between a patient’s head and pillow, especially if there is only one tube 3350.
  • the tubes 3350 may be formed with a sufficient structural stiffness to resist crushing or may be as described in US Patent No. 6,044,844, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Each tube 3350 may be configured to receive a flow of air from the connection port 3600 on top of the patient’s head and to deliver the flow of air to the seal-forming structure 3100 at the entrance of the patient’s airways. In the example shown in Fig.
  • each tube 3350 lies in use on a path extending from the plenum chamber 3200 across the patient’s cheek region and superior to the patient’s ear to the elbow 3610.
  • a portion of each tube 3350 proximate the plenum chamber 3200 may overlie a maxilla region of the patient’s head in use.
  • Another portion of each tube 3350 may overlie a region of the patient’s head superior to an otobasion superior of the patient’s head.
  • Each of the tubes 3350 may also lie over the patient’s sphenoid bone and/or temporal bone and either or both of the patient’s frontal bone and parietal bone.
  • the elbow 3610 may be located in use over the patient’s parietal bone, over the frontal bone and/or over the junction therebetween (e.g. the coronal suture).
  • the patient interface 3000 is configured such that the connection port 3600 can be positioned in a range of positions across the top of the patient’s head so that the patient interface 3000 can be positioned as appropriate for the comfort or fit of an individual patient.
  • the headgear tubes 3350 are configured to allow movement of an upper portion of the patient interface 3000 (e.g. a connection port 3600) with respect to a lower portion of the patient interface 3000 (e.g. a plenum chamber 3200). That is, the connection port 3600 may be at least partially decoupled from the plenum chamber 3200. In this way, the seal-forming structure 3100 may form an effective seal with the patient’s face irrespective of the position of the connection port 3600 (at least within a predetermined range of positions) on the patient’s head.
  • the patient interface 3000 comprises a seal-forming structure 3100 in the form of a cradle cushion which lies generally under the nose and seals to an inferior periphery of the nose (e.g. an under-the-nose cushion).
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300, including the tubes 3350 may be structured and arranged to pull the seal-forming structure 3100 into the patient’s face under the nose with a sealing force in a posterior and superior direction (e.g. a posterosuperior direction).
  • a sealing force with a postero superior direction may cause the seal-forming structure 3100 to form a good seal to both the inferior periphery of the patient’s nose and anterior-facing surfaces of the patient’s face, for example on either side of the patient’s nose and the patient’s lip superior.
  • Conduits forming part of the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 may provide a force that contributes to the positioning and stabilising force Fpss.
  • the positioning and stabilising force Fpss may be the resultant force from the various forces of the different elements of the positioning and stabilising structure 3300.
  • each conduit may provide a force F C onduit directed in the posterior and respective lateral direction in order to hold the seal-forming stmcture 3100 against the patient’ s face (into the upper lip and sealing under the nose) and oppose the effect of the positive pressure in the plenum chamber 3200 to lift off the face (i.e., Fpienum).
  • the force F CO nduit directed may also be directed at least partially in the superior direction in order to overcome the gravitational force F g .
  • the conduits may provide a force directed into the patient’s head when the conduits are filled with pressurized air.
  • the force may assist in gripping the patient’s head.
  • the force may be caused by the inflation of the conduits during normal use.
  • the force may provide a cushioning effect to the patient’s head.
  • the conduits may be designed in order to limit expansion in order to prevent over-gripping the patient’s head.
  • the position of the patient’ s head may also change the gripping force of the conduits. For example, if the patient is sleeping on his side, the weight of the patient’s head may compress one conduit, and the other conduit (e.g., the lateral portion not between the patient’s head and a sleeping surface, like a pillow) may additionally expand in order to keep substantially the same flow rate of pressurized air.
  • the other conduit e.g., the lateral portion not between the patient’s head and a sleeping surface, like a pillow
  • the gravitational force F g may be opposed by a frictional force Ff, which may act in a direction directly opposite of the gravitational force Fg.
  • a frictional force Ff As gravity pulls the seal-forming structure 3100 and the plenum chamber 3200 in the inferior direction (as viewed in Fig. 3A-1), the frictional force Ff would act in the superior direction (e g., against a patient’s face).
  • the patient may experience the frictional force Ff against his lip superior (and/or other surfaces of the patient’s face in contact with the seal-forming structure 3100) in order to oppose the motion in the inferior direction (which may help to stabilising the cushion in place).
  • the frictional force Ff is shown specifically opposing the gravitational force F g of the seal-forming structure 3100 and the plenum chamber 3200, components of an overall frictional force (not shown) would also oppose the gravitational force F g associated with the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 and any other portions of the patient interface 3000.
  • a force of friction can act along any place where the patient interface 3000 contacts the patient’s skin (or hair).
  • the frictional force Ff extends in the opposite direction of the gravitational force F g and along the patient’s skin (or hair).
  • the sum of the various forces may equal zero so that the patient interface 3000 is at equilibrium (e.g., not moving along the patient’s face while in use).
  • the gravitational force F g and the blowout force F pien um tend to move the seal-forming structure 3100 away from the desired sealing position.
  • the positioning and stabilising force Fpss is applied in order to counteract the gravitational force F g and the blowout force F pien um (as well as any frictional forces Ff) and keep the seal-forming structure 3100 properly situated.
  • the positioning and stabilising force Fpss may exceed the sum of the gravitational force F g and the blowout force Fpienum (with any additional positioning and stabilising force Fpss being balanced by reaction force from the patient’s head acting on the portions of patient interface 3000) and still maintain the seal-forming structure 3100 in an appropriate sealing position, patient comfort may be sacrificed.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 may be adjustable such that when fitted the positioning and stabilising force Fpss is greater than required to exactly balance the gravitational force F g and the blowout force F pien um to hold the patient interface 3000 against the patient’s head tightly enough that disruptive forces which may be experienced in use (such as tube drag or lateral shunting of the plenum chamber 3200 during side sleeping) do not disrupt the seal.
  • various positions of the patient’s head while using the patient interface 3000 may determine the positioning and stabilising force Fpss necessary to achieve equilibrium.
  • positioning and stabilising structures are described in the context of straps, and rigidisers. It should be appreciated that any one or more of the examples described the straps may comprise a conduit, and in some examples the rigidisers may be provided by the conduits.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 may include headgear 3302 comprising at least one strap which may be worn by the patient in order to assist in properly orienting the seal-forming structure 3100 against the patient’s face (e.g., in order to limit or prevent leaks).
  • some forms of the headgear 3302 may be constructed from a textile material, which may be comfortable against the patient’s skin.
  • the textile may be flexible in order to conform to a variety of facial contours, although in some forms the headgear 3302 may include one or more rigidisers along a selected length, which may limit bending, flexing, and/or stretching of the headgear 3302.
  • the headgear 3302 may be at least partially extensible.
  • the headgear 3302 may include elastic, or a similar extensible material.
  • the entire headgear 3302 may be extensible or selected portions may be extensible (or more extensible than surrounding portions). This may allow the headgear 3302 to stretch while under tension, which may assist in providing a sealing force for the seal-forming structure 3100.
  • the headgear 3302 may be formed from a continuous piece of material. In other words, the headgear 3302 may not be formed from multiple straps connected (e.g., stitched) together. This may be comfortable for a patient as they will not be in contact with any seams or joints connecting different straps. In other forms, the headgear 3302 may be formed from multiple straps (e.g., two superior side straps, a rear strap, etc.) that are connected together (e.g., with stitching, ultra-sonic welding, etc.).
  • some forms of the positioning and stabilising structures 3300 may be provided as four-point connection headgear. This means that the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 may connect to four separate places on the patient interface 3000, such as on the plenum chamber 3200, on a frame connected to the plenum chamber 3200, and/or on arms connected to the plenum chamber 3200.
  • the positioning and stabilising structures 3300 may include four different side straps or connecting portions, configured to provide a tensile force to help maintain the seal-forming structure 3100 in a sealing position, for example an upper/superior strap 3092, and a lower/inferior strap 3094 on each side of the patient’s head.
  • the superior side straps 3092 are connected to a forehead support 3700.
  • connection members 3098 which can include any one or more of hook and loop fasteners, clips, buckles, magnetic connectors, or any other connection member familiar to those skilled in the art.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 may include inferior side straps 3094, which may connect to an inferior portion of the patient interface.
  • the inferior side straps 3094 may extend along the patient’s cheek toward a posterior region of the patient’s head.
  • the inferior side straps 3094 may overlay the masseter muscle on either side of the patient’s face.
  • the inferior side straps 3094 are configured to extend from the patient interface, over the ear of the patient, to join with or otherwise form the rear strap 3307.
  • inferior side straps 3094 may meet at the posterior of the patient’s head where they connect to or otherwise form rear straps 3307 as described herein and may overlay the occipital bone and/or the trapezius muscle.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 may also include side superior side straps 3092, which may overlay the temporal bones, parietal bone, and/or occipital bone.
  • a rear strap 3307 may extend between the superior side straps 3092 and the inferior side straps 3094.
  • the inferior and superior side straps 3094, 3092 on a given side may also be connected to the rear strap 3307 adjacent to one another.
  • the width of the rear strap 3307 i.e. the distance that the rear strap extends in a superior-inferior direction on the back of the patient’s head may therefore be approximately the combined height of the inferior and superior strap 3094, 3092.
  • the rear strap 3307 may overlay the occipital bone and/or the parietal bone in use. This may allow the rear strap 3307 to assist in anchoring the headgear 3302 to the patient’s head.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 may be formed with a substantially X-shape.
  • the inferior and superior side straps 3094, 3092 may be connected to the rear strap 3307 using stitching, ultrasonic welding, or any similar process.
  • the headgear 3302 may split from the rear strap 3307 into one or more side straps, such as the superior side straps 3092 and inferior side straps 3094.
  • the superior and inferior side straps each extend above the ears of the patient in use to connect to the patient interface 3000.
  • the superior 3092 and inferior side straps 3094 are configured to connect to the patient interface through one or more connection members 3098.
  • the connection members comprise magnetic members 3306.
  • each inferior side straps 3094 may be threaded through the connection members 3098, so that a length of each of the inferior and superior side straps may be adjusted.
  • the magnetic members 3306 may removably connect to the magnets 3370-1 (described below), so that the inferior side straps 3094 may be disconnected from the plenum chamber 3200, but the length of the inferior side straps 3094 may not be affected.
  • the superior side straps 3092 may be connected directly to the tabs 3320 of the tubes 3350.
  • the superior side straps 3092 may be threaded through the tabs 3320 in order to adjust the length and control the tensile force of each superior strap 3092.
  • some forms of the headgear 3302 may be a two-point connection headgear. This means that the headgear 3302 may connect to only two separate points on the patient interface 3000 i.e., one point on either side of the patient interface.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 comprises at least one headgear strap acting in addition to the tubes 3350 to position and stabilise the seal-forming structure 3100 at the entrance to the patient’s airways.
  • the patient interface 3000 comprises a rear strap 3307 forming part of the positioning and stabilising structure 3300.
  • the strap 3307 may be known as a back strap or a rear headgear strap, for example.
  • the rear strap 3307 may overlay the temporal bones, parietal bone, and/or occipital bone. In other examples of the present technology, one or more further straps may be provided.
  • patient interfaces 3000 according to examples of the present technology having a nose-and-mouth cushion may have a second, lower, strap configured to lie against the patient’s head proximate the patient’s neck and/or against posterior surfaces of the patient’s neck.
  • the rear strap 3307 of the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 is connected between the two tubes 3350 positioned on each side of the patient’s head and passing around the back of the patient’s head, for example overlying or lying inferior to the occipital bone of the patient’s head in use.
  • the rear strap 3307 connects to each tube above the patient’s ears.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 comprises a pair of tabs 3320. In use a rear strap 3307 may be connected between the tabs 3320.
  • the rear strap 3307 may be sufficiently flexible to pass around the back of the patient’s head and lie comfortably against the patient’s head, even when under tension in use.
  • the headgear 3302 may be a two- point connection headgear formed as a single headgear strap 3315. This means that the headgear strap 3315 may connect to two separate places of a frame, cushion module or other part of a patient interface 3000.
  • the headgear strap 3315 shown in Fig. 38 may include a pair of side portions 3312 configured to contact side portions of the patient’s face (and/or, in some examples, side portions of the patient’s head) and a rear portion 3314 configured to contact the posterior portion of the patient’s head (and, in some examples, side portions of the patient’s head).
  • the side portions 3312 may include fastener tabs 3310 so that the side portions can be looped back and secured onto themselves via hook and loop material.
  • the rear portion 3314 may include a slit 3313 thus forming a superior strap portion 3316 and an inferior strap portion 3318 of the rear portion 3314.
  • the headgear strap 3315 may be formed from a continuous piece of material.
  • the headgear 3302 may be formed (e.g., knitted, weaved) as a single piece of material directly into its final shape (i.e., without being cut from a sheet of material) and thus not formed from multiple straps connected (e.g., stitched) together. This may be comfortable for a patient as they will not be in contact with any seams or joints connecting different straps.
  • the headgear 3302 may be formed from multiple straps (e.g., two superior straps, a rear strap, etc.) that are connected together (e.g., with stitching, ultra-sonic welding, etc.).
  • seams 3311 may connect the rear portion 3314 to the side portions 3312.
  • each of the rear portion 3314 and the side portions 3312 may be formed to shape as a single piece without seams.
  • the entire headgear strap 3315 may be formed to shape as a single piece of material without any seams.
  • the headgear strap 3315 may be known as a back strap or a rear headgear strap, for example.
  • the headgear strap 3315 may overlay the temporal bones, parietal bone, and/or occipital bone.
  • the headgear strap 3315 shown in Fig. 38 may for example form the rear strap 3307 of the patient interface 3000 shown in Fig. 3C.
  • the headgear strap 3315 may form part of the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 acting in addition to the tubes 3350 to position and stabilise the seal-forming structure 3100 at the entrance to the patient’s airways.
  • some forms of the headgear 3302 may be at least partially bifurcated by inclusion of a slit 3313.
  • a central section 3317 of the rear portion 3314 may be wider than lateral sections 3319 of the rear portion 3314 and/or the side portion 3312, as best shown in Fig. 38.
  • the central section 3317 may generally extend across a middle area of the rear portion and when the headgear includes a slit 3313 may generally correspond to a length of the slit.
  • the lateral sections 3319 may be disposed between the central section 3317 and the side portions 3312 of the headgear strap 3315.
  • the superior strap portion 3316 of the rear portion 3314 may be movable relative to the inferior strap portion 3318 as a result of the slit 3313. This may allow the patient to have a larger strap coverage on the posterior region of their head, which may assist in better anchoring the headgear 3302 to the patient’s head.
  • the rear portion 3314 may have increased stretchability and/or increased cushioning as compared to the side portions 3312.
  • headgear strap 3315 shown in Fig. 38 could have a four-point connection.
  • the side portions 3312 may be wider at end portions having the fastener tabs 3310 such that the wider portion of each side portion bifurcates into two connection points, thus forming a four-point headgear. 5.3.3.2.3 Textile Structures and Composition
  • headgear and components of headgear may be formed with physical properties and/or characteristics that vary across the headgear and/or portions thereof.
  • the entire headgear or portions of the headgear may be formed as a single piece of textile material structured to provide the final shape of the headgear.
  • the headgear may comprise a combination of textile material and one or more rigidisers 3340, for example the rigidisers may be woven into, inserted into, attached to, or otherwise provided in or on the one or more headgear components.
  • variations in physical properties and/or characteristics may be provided by different textile structures, textile composition and/or combinations thereof.
  • the headgear may be formed by any textile manufacturing process familiar to those skilled in the art, including knitting (e.g., flat knitting or circular knitting, however other forms of knitting may also be possible) and/or weaving.
  • headgear may be formed using narrow elastic technology on a jacquard Raschel machine or Santoni machine (Jacquardtronic 3D knitting). Additionally, a double needle bar machine for 4D knitted fabrics, spacer fabrics and double layer fabrics may be used. Headgear may be formed with a unitary, seamless structure.
  • the headgear may be formed primarily from multiple yarns that are mechanically manipulated either through an interlooping process (e.g., knitting) or a weaving process to produce a single unitary structure having various sections with different physical properties. Monofilaments and multifilament yarns may be used.
  • a measure of extensibility or stretchability may be referred to by an amount of force required to elongate a material by a certain length; thus, a first material having increased stretchability (as compared to a second material) may require less force to elongate the material a certain length as compared to the second material.
  • Rigidity may refer to the relative stiffness of the textile or headgear in relation to bending in and out of planes (e.g., the planes extending in the lengthwise direction and height direction (also referred to as width) of the headgear).
  • a headgear strap or section of textile with higher rigidity will have relatively increased resistance (less compliancy) to bending out of plane.
  • An increase in rigidity may also result in reduced stretchability. It is also noted that the inverse of stiffness is flexibility.
  • the headgear may be formed as a unitary one-piece structure comprising a number of different textile structures used alternatively or in combination (e.g., a knit structure, a woven structure, different types of knit structures, different types of woven structures).
  • the textile structures may vary across various sections and/or areas of the headgear.
  • the various textile structures may impart the headgear with variations in physical properties or characteristics - e.g., cushioning ability, thickness, stretch, stretch-resistance, directional stretch, certain elongation ranges, elasticity, elastic recovery, rigidity, stiffness, porosity, breathability, stability, layering - across the sections and/or areas of the headgear. That is, the headgear (or portions thereof) may have a composite textile structure (i.e., a textile formation pattern across the headgear (or portions thereof)) that includes different textile structures.
  • textile composition e.g., material composition, yam count
  • textile composition may vary across the headgear to customize physical properties and/or characteristics of the headgear, e.g., stretch, rigidity, stiffness, elasticity, elastic recovery, porosity, cushioning level, thickness, weight, and/or bulk, etc.
  • the headgear may be comprised of one or more suitable materials (e.g., fibers or filaments of nylon, polyester, cotton, recycled polyester, recycled nylon, and any blend thereof, such as polyester and cotton blend, and nylon and polyester blend. Any of these materials may be mixed with a stretch fiber (e.g., nylon and stretch fiber mix).
  • the stretch fiber could be, for example, elastane or spandex.
  • a material such as nylon may be provided over a stretch fiber core (e.g., elastane) to provide a nylon/elastane mix fiber.
  • the material composition of the headgear may vary across the headgear in order to alter physical properties and/or characteristics (e.g., stretch, rigidity, elastic recovery, etc.) of the headgear in different portions, sections and/or areas of the headgear.
  • the ratio of different yarn materials may be different in different portions of the headgear in order to vary stretch and/or rigidity (or other properties).
  • the ratio of stretch fiber (e.g., elastane) in the yams may vary from one portion of the headgear to another portion, such that areas with a higher elastane ratio may have increased stretchability.
  • some yams may not comprise any stretch fibers, whereas other yarns may comprise a stretch fiber with a single-layer covering of another material (e.g., nylon) or a doublelayer covering of another material (e.g., nylon) to adjust stretchability as desired.
  • rigidisers 3340 may be included to further modify the stiffness or stretchability of certain regions of the headgear.
  • the yam count (i.e., denier (D) or liner density of the yarn) may vary across the headgear in order to alter physical properties and/or characteristics (e.g., cushioning level, thickness, stretch, rigidity, elastic recovery, porosity, etc.) of the headgear in different portions, sections and/or areas of the headgear.
  • an area of the headgear having yarn(s) with relatively high denier may be thicker, have increased rigidity and/or reduced stretchability.
  • portions of the headgear having yam(s) with relatively lower denier may be thinner, have a smoother surface texture, have increased elasticity and have increased elastic recovery.
  • multiple yarns e.g., 2, 3 or 4 yams
  • multiple denier may be used in the same area of the headgear to tailor physical properties as desired.
  • the textile structure and material composition will also influence the physical properties and characteristics of the headgear.
  • the headgear may include one or more rigidisers 3340 that are structured to add rigidity, stiffness, form and/or stability to the headgear.
  • the headgear may be formed with a thermosetting, thermo- fusible, or thermo-bondable yam or thread, e.g., made from polymers such as copolyamides, co-polyester, and polyolefins. That is, the rigidising yarn may have a lower melt temperature (e.g., in the range of 80° to 160°) than other yarns.
  • the headgear may be placed in a frame to hold the headgear in place, and then the headgear may be heated and cooled to heat-form, rigidise and set the rigidising yarn.
  • the percentage of rigidising yarn i.e., percentage of the yarn in a particular area that is rigidising yarn vs. non-rigidising yam
  • the percentage of rigidising yarn may vary across the headgear, such that a first area of the headgear may have a higher or lower percentage of rigidising yarn as compared to a second area of the headgear. In this way, the level of rigidity (and/or stretchability) may be controlled in different areas of the headgear.
  • areas with a relatively higher percentage of rigidising yarn may achieve a higher level of rigidity (and reduced stretchability) once heated and cooled during the rigidising process (it is noted that the rigidising yarn will tend to reduce stretchability of the headgear, e.g., in some examples maintaining some stretchability and in other examples eliminating stretchability such that the headgear portion is non-stretchable). It is further noted that multiple areas (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or more areas) of the headgear may have different percentages of the rigidising yarn to tailor the rigidity and/or stretchability of the headgear as desired.
  • the percentage of rigidising yarn may be varied across the headgear, in addition to variations in the textile structure, material composition, and yam count, as described above, to achieve desired properties and/or characteristics in certain areas of the headgear.
  • the textile composition may be varied across the headgear, in addition to variations in the textile structure as described above, to achieve desired properties and/or characteristics in certain areas of the headgear.
  • a schematic representation of a ribbed textile structure 3390 is shown.
  • the ribbed textile structure 3390 is in a stretched or extended state due to a force (e.g. tension) being applied to the textile.
  • the ribbed textile structure 3390 may provide a high degree of stretchability that is attributable to the textile structure rather than the yarn type (e.g., relatively high stretchability is achievable without use of elastane if desired).
  • the ribbed textile structure 3390 may have increased stretchability as compared to other textile structures (e.g., jersey knit structure, honeycomb knit structure, mesh knit structure, pique knit structure, interlock knit structure, and plain weave, etc.).
  • an orientation of the rib structure can be adjusted (e.g., vertical orientation, horizontal orientation) to orient the primary stretch direction as desired (e.g., along the length of the headgear or along a width (or height) of the headgear).
  • the textile tends to contract, as shown in Fig. 11B.
  • the ribbed textile structure tends to naturally contract when no force is applied, the ribbed textile structure may have excellent elastic recovery /rebound (e.g., increased elastic recovery as compared to other knit structures (e.g., jersey knit structure, honeycomb knit structure, mesh knit structure, pique knit structure, interlock knit structure, and plain weave, etc.)).
  • the headgear may have a smaller profile when not in use thereby making it easier to store or travel with the headgear.
  • the ribbed textile structure 3390 may include a monofilament.
  • the monofilament may be constructed (e.g., of relatively rigid material) to reduce stretchability (increase rigidity), and in other examples, the monofilament may be constructed (e.g., of relatively elastic material) to increase stretchability/elastic properties.
  • a cross-sectional view of a ribbed textile structure 3390 is shown.
  • the ribbed textile structure 3390 may be a rib knit structure (e.g., 1x1, 2x2, 2x1, etc. rib knit) or a ribbed woven structure (e.g., ribbed weave), for example.
  • the ribbed textile structure 3390 may have protrusions 3392 and recesses 3394 on both the technical back and the technical face.
  • the technical back of the textile structure may be a patient contacting layer
  • the technical face of the textile may be a layer which is outwardly facing with respect to the patient in use.
  • the ribbed textile structure 3390 may be a spacer fabric with rib structure (e.g., a ribbed spacer fabric 3380 where the inner layer 3382 and the outer layer 3384 of the spacer fabric have a rib knit structure and are connected by an inner layer of (spacer) pile threads 3386), as shown in Fig. 12A-2.
  • the thickness of the ribbed spacer fabric 3380 may be adjusted by altering the length of the pile threads 3386.
  • the spacer fabric 3380 may have increased cushioning as compared to some other textile structures (e.g., single knits).
  • the thickness of the ribbed spacer fabric 3380 vary across the headgear providing thicker more cushioned areas along desired portions of the headgear.
  • the ribbed spacer fabric 3380 may provide a combination of increased stretchability and increased cushioning as compared to other textile structures.
  • Figs. 12B-1 and 12B-2 show a ribbed textile structure 3390 that has repeating rows of protrusions formed as hollow portions.
  • This textile structure may be referred to as a hollow ribbed textile structure 3393, e.g., a hollow rib knit or a hollow rib weave (these textile structures may also be referred to as tubular rib knit and tubular rib weave, respectively).
  • the hollow ribbed textile structure 3393 has a technical face and technical back formed by alternating rows of hollow portions 3395 and recessed portions 3397.
  • the hollow portions 3395 may be formed as tubular shaped textile formations with a hollow interior.
  • Fig. 12B-1 the hollow portions 3395 may be formed as tubular shaped textile formations with a hollow interior.
  • the hollow portions 3395 create protrusions on both sides of the textile, whereas the recessed portions 3397 form recesses between adjacent hollow portions. Superior and inferior edges of the hollow ribbed textile structure 3393 may be capped with piping 3398 such that the hollow interior portions are not exposed.
  • the protrusions formed by the hollow portions 3395 may provide the hollow ribbed textile structure with an increased thickness d, as compared to other textile structures (e.g., jersey knit structure, honeycomb knit structure, mesh knit structure, pique knit structure, interlock knit structure, and plain weave, etc.). Even as compared to ribbed structures without hollow portions, such as the ribbed textile structure 3390 shown in Fig.
  • a height of the hollow portions 3395 from a central plane 3396 will typically be greater than a height of the protrusions 3392 from a similar plane.
  • the increased thickness d and the empty interior space created by the hollow portions 3395 may allow the hollow ribbed textile structure 3393 to compress a further distance (i.e., as compared to the other textile structures) in the thickness direction of the headgear in response to headgear tension, which may reduce pressure points, reduce facial marking and enhance comfort.
  • the hollow ribbed textile structure 3393 may provide greater compliance (e.g. providing enhanced cushioning to the patient), as compared to the other textile structures.
  • the recessed portions 3397 may allow airflow in an area between the headgear and patient’s head which may enhance breathability, cooling and overall comfort.
  • a first section or portion of the headgear may have a different textile structure than other sections/portions (e.g., second, third, etc. sections or portions of the headgear).
  • a knit structure and a woven structure can be considered different textile structures.
  • a ribbed structure e.g., rib knit or ribbed weave
  • a non-ribbed structure e.g., jersey knit structure, mesh knit structure, pique knit structure, interlock knit structure, and plain weave
  • different types of textile structures such as knit and interlock, or mesh and pique, can also be considered different textile structures.
  • a rib knit having, e.g., a 1x1 construction can also be considered a different textile structure than a rib knit having a different construction (e.g., a 2x1 construction).
  • the headgear or headgear straps described herein may include a ribbed textile structure 3390.
  • the ribbed textile structure 3390 could, for example, be a rib knit structure (e.g., 1x1, 2x2, 2x1), a ribbed woven structure, a ribbed spacer fabric 3380, or a hollow ribbed textile structure 3393 (e.g., a hollow rib knit or a hollow rib weave), having properties and features as described elsewhere herein.
  • a rib knit structure e.g., 1x1, 2x2, 2x1
  • a ribbed woven structure e.g., a ribbed spacer fabric 3380
  • a hollow ribbed textile structure 3393 e.g., a hollow rib knit or a hollow rib weave
  • side portions 3312 may be the same as described with respect to Fig. 13, or may have a different construction, shape or configuration. Additionally, although the side portions 3312 may be shown connected to a rear portion 3314 with a seam 3311 (see Fig. 38 for example), the entire headgear strap 3315 (or portions thereof) may be formed in one- piece directly into its final shape in other examples. It is to be understood that any ribbed textile structure 3390 described herein may be provided to any portion of any headgear 3302 or positioning and stabilising structure 3300 described herein.
  • the rear portion 3314 of headgear strap 3315 (i.e. a rear portion of the rear strap 3307) has a bifurcated construction which includes a superior strap portion 3316 and an inferior strap portion 3318, wherein the superior strap portion 3316 is configured to sit higher, or in a more superior position on the rear of the patient’s head than the inferior strap portion 3318.
  • Fig. 38 shows a similar configuration.
  • the rear portion 3314 includes a ribbed textile structure 3390 which in this example has each rib extending in a substantially superior-inferior direction, or vertical orientation.
  • the ribbed textile structure 3390 extends over both the superior strap portion 3316 and the inferior strap portion 3318.
  • the superior strap portion 3316 and the inferior strap portion 3318 are in this example separated by slit 3313 to create multi-level stretch across the central section 3317 which, advantageously, may facilitate stretch across differently shaped portions of the patient’s head.
  • the ribbed textile structure may have greater stretchability in the longitudinal or length direction of the headgear strap as compared to stretchability in the lateral or width direction of the headgear strap.
  • the ribbed textile structure 3390 may include Jacquard sophisticated geometry, Jacquard Scotweave graphic, diamond weave, and/or a basic weave structure (e.g., double- warp technique (2 warps, 1 weft) or triple warp technique (3 warps, 1 weft). These textile structures may be configured to create 3- dimensional technical effects that may form a raised profile that enhances cushioning (e.g. greater compliance and/or perceived softness).
  • the ribbed textile structure 3390 may include tubular cord, open-worked twill weave in the weft direction, regular zig-zags in the warp direction, uniform ridge twill, balanced twills, and/or multiple-ridge twills.
  • the entire rear portion 3314 has the same textile structure.
  • the textile structure may vary across the rear portion 3314.
  • the lateral sections 3319 may have a different textile structure than the central section 3317.
  • the superior strap portion 3316 may have a different textile structure than the inferior strap portion 3318.
  • the side portions 3312 may be configured to have less stretch and less cushioning as compared to the rear portion 3314, e.g., due to different textile structures and/or different textile composition.
  • the side portions 3312 may have a textile structure that includes pique, mesh, interlock, honeycomb, and/or plain jersey.
  • some section(s) of the side portions 3312 may have a textile structure that includes pique, mesh, interlock, honeycomb, and/or plain jersey and other section(s) of the side portions 3312 may have a textile structure that includes rib knit or weave (e.g., plain weave, ribbed weave, hollow rib weave).
  • the side portions may include a rigidiser to impart rigidity to the side portions.
  • the rigidiser may be a thermo-fusible yam.
  • the side portions 3312 may form sleeves having hollow interior portions that receive rigidisers 3340 (e.g., relatively rigid elongate materials such as plastic (e.g., the second end 5014 of the rigidiser shown in Fig. 5C) to impart rigidity to the side portions.
  • rigidisers 3340 e.g., relatively rigid elongate materials such as plastic (e.g., the second end 5014 of the rigidiser shown in Fig. 5C) to impart rigidity to the side portions.
  • Fig. 14A is a schematic representation of the rear portion 3314 of another headgear strap 3315. Similar to the example in Fig. 13, the rear portion 3314 includes a ribbed textile structure 3390 in a vertical orientation. However, in this example, the ribbed textile structure 3390 is provided to only the central section 3317 and not the lateral sections 3319. Thus, the stretch and cushioning in the superior strap portion 3316 and the inferior strap portion 3318 may be the same.
  • the lateral sections 3319 may have a textile structure that is the same as the textile structure of the side portions 3312 as described above with regard to Fig. 13. Thus, the central section 3317 may be configured to have increased stretch and/or increased cushioning as compared to the lateral sections 3319.
  • the central section 3317 may have warp elongation (i.e., lengthwise direction of headgear strap) in the range of 160%-200%, and the lateral sections 3319 may have warp elongation in the range of 110%-150%.
  • Fig. 14B is a schematic representation of the rear portion 3314 of the headgear strap 3315 according to another example. Similar to the example of Fig 14A, the rear portion 3314 includes a ribbed textile structure 3390 in a vertical orientation, although as described in relation to the other examples, may alternatively comprise a ribbed textile structure 3390 in a horizontal orientation.
  • the slit 3313 comprises one or more monofilament or multifilament yarns, which may for example form a mesh structure 3321 having one or more open spaces between the yams.
  • the mesh structure 3321 may join the superior portion 3316 to the inferior portion 3318.
  • the mesh structure may have open spaces of between 1mm 2 and 100mm 2 inclusive, such as approximately 25mm 2 .
  • the mesh structure may be an eyelet mesh, or a pique mesh.
  • the open spaces may have a quadrilateral shape, such as being substantially square, rectangular, diamond (including diamond meshes and thickened diamond structures, tetragonal, octagonal, triangular, dodecagonal, circular or a rhombus shape.
  • the mesh may include a biaxial four-thread square, biaxial six-thread square or four-axial six thread square shape.
  • the mesh structure may be substantially irregular, such as an irregular hexagonal shape.
  • the monofilament or multifilament yarns may be constructed of any suitable material including nylon, polyester, polypropylene, silk, acrylic and fluorocarbon materials.
  • the monofilament or multifilament yams may be selected to provide desirable stretch or extensibility characteristics. For example, less extensible materials or thicker yarns may be used to limit the stretch or extensibility characteristics in certain regions of the headgear, or conversely, thinner more extensible material may be used to provide greater stretch or extensibility characteristics.
  • the mesh structure 3321 comprises a series of overlapping yams in provided at an angle with respect to the vertical or inferiorsuperior direction of the headgear strap 3315.
  • each of the yarns may be provided at between 60 degrees and -60 degrees inclusive with respect to the vertical or inferior- superior direction, such as approximately 45 degrees.
  • the angle of the yams may be structured to control or limit the extension of the central section 3317.
  • using monofilament or multifilament yams in a substantially vertical orientation may be used to limit the separation of the superior strap portion 3316 from the inferior strap portion 3318, i.e, in the weft direction, while not limiting the extension in the lengthwise or warp direction.
  • using monofilament or multifilament yarns in a substantially horizontal orientation may be used to limit the extension in the lengthwise or warp direction, while not limiting the separation of the superior strap portion 3316 from the inferior strap portion 3318, i.e., in the weft direction. Accordingly, angles between vertical and horizontal, such as between 60 degrees and -60 degrees inclusive with respect to the vertical or inferior-superior direction, can be used to adjust the warp and weft elongation characteristics of the headgear strap 3315.
  • a mesh structure 3321 may advantageously provide headgear straps 3315 which are more comfortable, flexible or breathable.
  • the mesh structure 3321 may be used to control or limit the extensibility characteristics of any one or more of the straps described herein, for example while maintaining high compliance benefits of the ribbed textile structure 3390, although this should not be seen as limiting.
  • the mesh structure 3321 may be attached to the central 3317 and or lateral sections 3319 using any suitable methods such as stitching, using adhesives, heat sealing, or ultrasonically welding. In another example the mesh structure 3321 may be positioned between an inner, patient contacting layer, and an outer non patient contacting layer of the headgear strap 3315.
  • the ribbed textile structure 3390 may be provided to the superior strap portion 3316 of the rear portion 3314 of a headgear strap 3315. Referring to Fig. 15, the ribbed textile structure 3390 is provided only to the superior strap portion 3316. All other areas (e.g., inferior strap portion 3318 and lateral sections 3319) of the rear portion 3314 may have a textile structure that is the same as the textile structure of the side portions 3312 as described above with regard to Fig. 13. Thus, the superior strap portion 3316 may have increased stretch and/or increased cushioning as compared to the other areas of the rear portion 3314.
  • the superior strap portion 3316 may have warp elongation in the range of 160% -200%, and the inferior strap portion 3318 and lateral sections 3319 may have warp elongation in the range of 110%- 150%.
  • the ribbed textile structure 3390 may be provided to the inferior strap portion 3318 of the rear portion 3314 of a headgear strap 3315. Referring to Fig. 16, the ribbed textile structure 3390 extends only along the inferior strap portion 3318. All other areas (e.g., superior strap portion 3316 and lateral sections 3319) of the rear portion 3314 may have a textile structure that is the same as the textile structure of the side portions 3312 as described above with regard to Fig. 13.
  • the inferior strap portion 3318 may have increased stretch and/or increased cushioning as compared to the other areas of the rear portion 3314.
  • the inferior strap portion 3318 may have warp elongation in the range of 160% -200%
  • the superior strap portion 3316 and lateral sections 3319 may have warp elongation in the range of 110%- 150%.
  • the example in Fig. 17 is similar to the example in Fig. 15, except that the ribbed textile structure 3390 is provided to the superior strap portion 3316 as well as upper portions 3322 of the lateral sections 3319.
  • All other areas may have a textile structure that is the same as the textile structure of the side portions 3312 as described above with regard to Fig. 13.
  • the superior strap portion 3316 and the upper portions 3322 may have increased stretch and/or increased cushioning as compared to the other areas of the rear portion 3314. This may provide enhanced conformity and shaping in specific areas (e.g., areas of the patient’s head corresponding to the superior strap portion 3316 and upper portions 3322) of the headgear strap), as well as better accommodation for various head sizes.
  • the superior strap portion 3316 and upper portions 3322 may have warp elongation in the range of 160%-200%
  • the inferior strap portion 3318 and lower portions 3324 may have warp elongation in the range of 110%- 150%.
  • the example in Fig. 18 is similar to the example in Fig. 16, except that the ribbed textile structure 3390 is provided to the inferior strap portion 3318 as well as lower portions 3324 of the lateral sections 3319. All other areas (e.g., superior strap portion 3316 and upper portions 3322 of the lateral sections 3319) may have a textile structure that is the same as the textile structure of the side portions 3312 as described above with regard to Fig. 13. Thus, the inferior strap portion 3318 and the lower portions 3324 may have increased stretch and/or increased cushioning as compared to the other areas of the rear portion 3314.
  • the inferior strap portion 3318 and lower portions 3324 may have warp elongation in the range of 160%-200%, and the superior strap portion 3316 and upper portions 3322 may have warp elongation in the range of 110%-150%.
  • the example in Fig. 19 is similar to the example in Fig. 13, except that the ribs in the ribbed textile structure 3390 extend in a lateral to contra-lateral direction in use, or otherwise have a horizontal orientation. Due to the horizontal orientation, the ribbed textile structure may have increased stretchability in the width (e.g. anterior- superior, vertical, or height) direction of the headgear strap 3315 as compared to stretchability in the width direction of the vertically oriented ribbed textile structure in Fig. 13. This may allow the headgear strap to comfortably accommodate a range of head sizes by stretching in the width direction as needed.
  • the rear portion 3314 may have warp elongation in the range of 100%-150% and weft (width direction) elongation in the range of 20%-100% depending on the width of the rear portion 3314, as shown in Fig. 19.
  • the ribbed textile structure 3390 (horizontally oriented) extends only along the superior strap portion 3316. All other areas (e.g., inferior strap portion 3318 and lateral sections 3319) of the rear portion 3314 may have a textile structure that is the same as the textile structure of the side portions 3312 as described above with regard to Fig. 13.
  • the superior strap portion 3316 may have increased stretch in the width direction and/or increased cushioning as compared to the other areas of the rear portion.
  • the rear portion 3314 may be configured such that the warp elongation of the inferior strap portion 3318 and the lateral sections 3319 is the same as the warp elongation of the superior strap portion 3316.
  • the rear portion 3314 may have uniform lengthwise stretchability, whereas the superior strap portion 3316 may have increased stretchability in the width direction to accommodate a range of head sizes.
  • the textile composition of the superior strap portion 3316 and/or the other areas of the rear portion may be altered (e.g., addition of stretch fiber, use of monofilament or rigidising yarns) to achieve the same warp elongation for the inferior strap portion 3318 (and lateral sections 3319) and the superior strap portion 3316.
  • the superior strap portion 3316 may have warp elongation in the range of 100%- 150% and weft elongation in the range of 20%-100% depending on the width of the superior strap portion 3316, and the inferior strap portion 3318 and lateral sections 3319 may have warp elongation in the range of 100%-150%.
  • the ribbed textile structure 3390 (horizontally oriented) extends only along the inferior strap portion 3318. All other areas (e.g., superior strap portion 3316 and lateral sections 3319) of the rear portion 3314 may have a textile structure that is the same as the textile structure of the side portions 3312 as described above with regard to Fig. 13. Thus, the inferior strap portion 3318 may have increased stretch in the width direction and/or increased cushioning as compared to the other areas of the rear portion.
  • the rear portion 3314 may be configured such that the warp elongation of the superior strap portion 3316 and the lateral sections 3319 is the same as the warp elongation of the inferior strap portion 3318.
  • the rear portion 3314 may have uniform lengthwise stretchability, whereas the inferior strap portion 3318 may have increased stretchability in the width direction to accommodate a range of head sizes.
  • the textile composition of the inferior strap portion 3318 and/or the other areas of the rear portion may be altered (e.g., addition of stretch fiber, use of monofilament or rigidising yarns) to achieve the same warp elongation for the superior strap portion 3316 (and lateral sections 3319) and the inferior strap portion 3318.
  • the inferior strap portion 3318 may have warp elongation in the range of 100%-150% and weft elongation in the range of 20%-100% depending on the width of the inferior strap portion 3318, and the superior strap portion 3316 and lateral sections 3319 may have warp elongation in the range of 100%-150%.
  • the example in Fig. 22 is similar to the example in Fig. 20, except that the ribbed textile structure 3390 extends across or forms the superior strap portion 3316 as well as upper portions 3322 of the lateral sections 3319. All other areas (e.g., inferior strap portion 3318 and lower portions 3324 of the lateral sections 3319) may have a textile structure that is the same as the textile structure of the side portions 3312 as described above with regard to Fig. 13. Thus, the superior strap portion 3316 and the upper portions 3322 may have increased stretch in the width direction and/or increased cushioning as compared to the other areas of the rear portion. This may provide enhanced comfort and a snug fit that stays in place while providing the ability to stretch in the width direction to comfortably accommodate different head shapes and sizes.
  • the superior strap portion 3316 and upper portions 3322 may have warp elongation in the range of 100%- 150% and weft elongation in the range of 20%-150% depending on the width of the superior strap portion and upper portions 3322, and the inferior strap portion 3318 and lower portions 3324 may have warp elongation in the range of 100%- 150%.
  • the example in Fig. 23 is similar to the example in Fig. 21, except that the ribbed textile structure 3390 extends across or forms the inferior strap portion 3318 as well as lower portions 3324 of the lateral sections 3319. All other areas (e.g., superior strap portion 3316 and upper portions 3322 of the lateral sections 3319) may have a textile structure that is the same as the textile structure of the side portions 3312 as described above with regard to Fig. 13. Thus, the inferior strap portion 3318 and the lower portions 3324 may have increased stretch in the width direction and/or increased cushioning as compared to the other areas of the rear portion. This may provide enhanced comfort and a snug fit that stays in place while providing the ability to stretch in the width direction to comfortably accommodate different head shapes and sizes.
  • the inferior strap portion 3318 and lower portions 3324 may have warp elongation in the range of 100%- 150% and weft elongation in the range of 20%-150% depending on the width of the inferior strap portion 3318 and lower portions 3324, and the superior strap portion 3316 and upper portions 3322 may have warp elongation in the range of 100%-150%.
  • the rear portion 3314 of headgear strap 3315 may include an inner portion 3334 that surrounds (or at least partially surrounds) the slit 3313 and an outer portion 3336 that is disposed between the inner portion 3334 and the superior and inferior edges 3372, 3374 of the rear portion 3314 (e.g., the outer portion 3336 surrounds (or at least partially surrounds) the inner portion 3334).
  • the inner portion 3334 may have an oval or elliptical shape and may extend to the side portions 3312.
  • the inner portion 3334 and the outer portion 3336 may have different physical properties and/or characteristics.
  • the inner portion may have different stretchability as compared to the outer portion (e.g., due to differing textile structures and/or textile composition).
  • the inner portion 3334 may have increased lengthwise stretchability as compared to the outer portion 3336.
  • the inner portion 3334 may include a ribbed textile structure 3390 in a vertical orientation to enhance stretchability in the lengthwise direction.
  • a suitable yam count for the inner portion 3334 may be in the range of 50-140 denier (D) (e.g., 60-120D, 70-110D, 80-100D, 60-90D, or 100-140D).
  • the outer portion 3336 may have a textile structure that includes interlock, plain jersey, pique, pearl knit, waffle knit, plain weave, twill weave, adjacent weaves, and/or satin weave, etc.) to minimize stretch relative to the inner portion 3334, e.g.
  • the outer portion 3336 may include a ribbed textile structure 3390 (e.g., a rib knit, e.g., lxl) or hollow ribbed textile structure 3393, and if necessary, the textile composition of the inner portion 3334 and/or the outer portion 3336 may be altered (e.g., addition of stretch fiber, use of monofilament or rigidising yams) to achieve the desired stretch arrangement (i.e., the inner portion 3334 having increased stretchability as compared to the outer portion 3336).
  • a ribbed textile structure 3390 e.g., a rib knit, e.g., lxl
  • hollow ribbed textile structure 3393 e.g., the textile composition of the inner portion 3334 and/or the outer portion 3336 may be altered (e.g., addition of stretch fiber, use of monofilament or rigidising yams) to achieve the desired stretch arrangement (i.e., the inner portion 3334 having increased stretchability as compared to the outer portion 3336
  • a suitable yarn count for the outer portion 3336 may be in the range of 70-200D (e.g., 90-180D, 110-160D, 1 SO- MOD. 90-130D, or 13O-18OD).
  • the arrangement of the inner portion and the outer portion may help the headgear strap comfortably conform to the patient’s head while staying in place on the patient’s head in use. This arrangement may also help prevent the headgear strap from folding during use.
  • the inner portion 3334 may have warp elongation in the range of 160%-200%
  • the outer portion 3336 may have warp elongation in the range of 75%-150%.
  • the example in Fig. 25 is similar to the example in Fig. 24, except that arrangement of the textile structures for the inner portion 3334 and the outer portion 3336 is opposite to that in Fig. 24. That is, in Fig. 25, the outer portion 3336 includes the ribbed textile structure 3390 in vertical orientation to enhance relative stretchability of the outer portion (as compared to the inner portion) in the lengthwise direction.
  • the inner portion 3334 may include the same textile structure described above for the outer portion 3336 in Fig. 24. This arrangement (e.g., the relatively higher stretch along the superior and inferior edges 3372, 3374 of the headgear strap 3315) may help to prevent the headgear strap from shrinking or reducing in size over the period of use.
  • the inner portion 3334 may have warp elongation in the range of 75%-150%, and the outer portion may have warp elongation in the range of 160%-200%.
  • the example in Fig. 26 is similar to the example in Fig. 24, except that the ribbed textile structure 3390 of the inner portion 3334 is oriented horizontally.
  • the inner portion 3334 may have increased stretchability in the width direction as compared to the outer portion.
  • the inner portion 3334 may have warp elongation in the range of 100%-150% and weft elongation in the range of 20%-150% depending on the width of the inner portion, and the outer portion 3336 may have warp elongation in the range of 75%-150%.
  • the example in Fig. 27 is similar to the example in Fig. 25, except that the ribbed textile structure 3390 of the outer portion 3336 is oriented horizontally.
  • the outer portion 3336 may have increased stretchability in the width direction as compared to the inner portion.
  • the inner portion 3334 may have warp elongation in the range of 75%-150%
  • the outer portion 3336 may have warp elongation in the range of 100%-150% and weft elongation in the range of 20%-150% depending on the width of the outer portion 3336.
  • the example in Fig. 28 is similar to the example in Fig. 13, except that the slit 3313 is eliminated such that the entire rear portion 3314 moves together as a unitary piece and, for example, may be formed with unitary construction.
  • Fig. 29 is similar to the example in Fig. 19, except that the slit 3313 is eliminated such that the entire rear portion 3314 moves together as a unitary piece and, for example, may be formed with unitary construction.
  • the example in Fig. 30 is similar to the example in Fig. 24, except that the slit 3313 is eliminated such that the entire rear portion 3314 moves together as a unitary piece.
  • the warp elongation of the outer portion 3336 in the Fig. 30 example may be reduced as compared to the Fig. 24 example.
  • the inner portion 3334 may have warp elongation in the range of 110%-200%, and the outer portion 3336 may have warp elongation in the range of 50% -75%.
  • FIG. 31 A The example in Fig. 31 A is similar to the example in Fig. 25, except that the slit 3313 is eliminated such that the entire rear portion 3314 moves together as a unitary piece.
  • the warp elongation of the inner portion 3334 in the Fig. 31A example may be reduced as compared to the Fig. 25 example.
  • the inner portion 3334 may have warp elongation in the range of 50%-75%, and the outer portion 3336 may have warp elongation in the range of 110% -200%.
  • the example in Fig. 3 IB is similar to the example in Fig. 31 A, except that the inner portion 3334 is provided with a mesh structure 3321 as described elsewhere herein, such as with reference to Fig. 14B.
  • the mesh structure 3321 is configured to leave the overall extensibility of the outer portion 3336 substantially unaffected, and instead the mesh structure 3321 provides the rear portion 3314 with an inner portion which is more breathable than the example of 31 A.
  • the selection of monofilament or multifilament yams in the mesh structure 3321 may be used to control or adjust the warp and weft elongation in the rear portion 3314 as described herein.
  • the thickness, material selection or angles of the yarns may be used to limit or otherwise alter the warp and weft elongation characteristics.
  • the mesh structure 3321 comprises a series of overlapping yams provided at an angle with respect to the vertical or inferior- superior direction of the headgear strap 3315.
  • each of the yams may be provided at between 60 degrees and -60 degrees inclusive with respect to the vertical or inferior- superior direction, such as approximately 45 degrees.
  • the angle of the yarns may be structured to control or limit the extension of the inner portion 3334.
  • the example in Fig. 32A is similar to the example in Fig. 27, except that the slit 3313 is eliminated such that the entire rear portion 3314 moves together as a unitary piece.
  • the warp elongation of the inner portion 3334 in the Fig. 32A example may be reduced as compared to the Fig. 27 example.
  • the inner portion 3334 may have warp elongation in the range of 50%-75%
  • the outer portion 3336 may have warp elongation in the range of 110% -200%.
  • the example in Fig. 32B is similar to the example in Fig. 32A, except that the inner portion 3334 is provided with a mesh structure 3321 as described elsewhere herein, such as with reference to Fig. 14B.
  • the mesh structure 3321 is configured to leave the overall extensibility of the outer portion 3336 substantially unaffected, and instead the mesh structure 3321 provides the rear portion 3314 with an inner portion which is more breathable than the example of 32A.
  • the selection of monofilament or multifilament yams in the mesh structure 3321 may be used to control or adjust the warp and weft elongation in the rear portion 3314 as described herein.
  • the thickness, material selection or angles of the yarns may be used to limit or otherwise alter the warp and weft elongation characteristics.
  • the mesh structure 3321 comprises a series of overlapping yams provided at an angle with respect to the vertical or inferior- superior direction of the headgear strap 3315.
  • each of the yams may be provided at between 60 degrees and -60 degrees inclusive with respect to the vertical or inferior- superior direction, such as approximately 45 degrees.
  • the angle of the yarns may be structured to control or limit the extension of the inner portion 3334.
  • the example in Fig. 33 is similar to the example in Fig. 26, except that the slit 3313 is eliminated such that the entire rear portion 3314 moves together as a unitary piece.
  • the inner portion 3334 may have warp elongation in the range of 110%-200%, and the outer portion 3336 may have warp elongation in the range of 50%-100%.
  • the rear portion 3314 of the headgear strap 3315 may have alternating vertically arranged sections having different textile structures.
  • a plurality of first vertical sections 3331 may be alternately disposed with a plurality of second vertical sections 3333.
  • the first vertical sections 3331 may have a textile structure that is the same as the textile structure of the side portions 3312 as described above with regard to Fig. 13.
  • the second vertical sections 3333 may include the ribbed textile structure 3390 and thus may have at least increased lengthwise stretchability as compared to the first vertical sections 3331.
  • the size (e.g., length (in lengthwise direction)) of each individual vertical section may vary to adjust the overall stretch as desired.
  • the headgear strap 3315 comprises a plurality of ribbed textile structure 3390 spaced apart / separated by a spacing.
  • the first vertical sections 3331 may have warp elongation in the range of 50%-75%
  • the second vertical sections 3333 may have warp elongation in the range of 110%-200%. It should be appreciated that while this example is described with respect to alternating vertically arranged sections, it could equally be applied to alternating horizontally arranged sections as described herein.
  • Fig. 35 shows one example of a positioning and stabilising structure 3300 which comprises a top strap 3096 configured to extend over the head of the patient in use, a rear strap 3307 configured to extend around the back of the patient’s head in use, two side straps 5004 (only one side shown in Fig. 35) each configured to extend above the ears of the patient in use and sit on opposing sides of the patient’s head.
  • the top 3096 and rear straps 3307 are configured to connect to each of the respective side straps 5004 to thereby form the headgear.
  • each of the side straps 5004 include a rigidiser 3340 as described herein, which is preferably provided internally to the strap (i.e. between one or more layers of textile material, or otherwise not externally visible in use).
  • the rear strap 3307 is bifurcated or otherwise provided with a superior strap portion 3316 and an inferior strap portion 3318, wherein the superior strap portion 3316 is configured to sit higher, or in a more superior position on the rear of the patient’ s head than the inferior strap portion 3318.
  • the superior strap portion 3316 and the inferior strap portion 3318 include a ribbed textile structure 3390 in which the ribs or protrusions 3392 are configured to extend in lateral direction, i.e., approximately perpendicular to an inferior- superior direction on the patient’s body, otherwise described herein as a horizontal orientation.
  • any one or more of the straps or portions of the headgear may be provided with a ribbed textile structure 3390 which is configured to extend in any orientation, including for example a vertical orientation as described elsewhere herein.
  • the rear strap 3307 may be formed by any ribbed textile structure 3390 described herein or have any of the configurations of the rear portions of the headgear straps 3316 described herein, for example with reference to Figs. 13-34.
  • the side straps 5004 are provided with connecting portions 3500, configured to connect to a patient interface 3000 in use.
  • a single connecting portion 3500 is provided on each side of the headgear (i.e. configured to connect the side straps to each side of the patient interface 3000), however this should not be seen as limiting, for example as described in previous examples, the connecting portions 3500 may be provided as superior 3092 and inferior 3094 side straps.
  • connecting portions 3500 may each be provided with variable extensibility, or otherwise a plurality of regions having different stretch or extensibility characteristics as described herein in relation to Fig. 36.
  • the connecting portions 3500 may be formed as part of the side straps 5004, that is to say the connecting portions 3500 and side straps may be formed from a textile which is knitted or woven to provide the connecting portions 3500 and the side straps 5004.
  • each of the side straps 5004, connecting portions 3500, top strap 3096, and rear strap 3307 may each be formed in as a single piece, such as a single woven, or knitted textile.
  • any one or more of the side straps 5004, connecting portions 3500, top strap 3096, and rear strap 3307 may be formed separately (including from separate materials) and then joined to form the headgear (for example using joints such as stitched joints).
  • the connecting portion 3500 may be provided with a bridging section 3502.
  • the bridging section 3502 may be beneficial to improve the aesthetics of the headgear, by continuing the curvature of the side portions into the connecting portion 3500.
  • the bridging section 3502 may be configured to assist with transfer of forces from the patient interface 3000 and connecting portions into the rest of the headgear, such as the rigidised 3340 side straps 5004. While this bridging section 3502 is shown as a separate component in Fig. 35, it should be appreciated that this could be an integral part of the connecting portion 3500.
  • the ribbed textile structure 3390 may be provided on any one or more of the rear strap 3307, side straps 5004, connecting portions 3500, and top strap 3096.
  • all of the patient contacting surfaces of the headgear may include a ribbed textile structure 3390 to therefore provide improved comfort, and stretch characteristics.
  • all of the external, non-patient contacting surfaces may be provided with a ribbed textile structure 3390, to thereby improve the aesthetic appearance of the headgear.
  • both the patient contacting and non-patient contacting surfaces may be provided with a ribbed textile structure 3390.
  • Fig. 37 shows a four-point headgear 3302-1 which forms a positioning and stabilising structure according to another example of the present technology.
  • the rear strap portion 3307 may include the ribbed textile structure 3390 (according to any example described herein) which may provide increased cushioning at the rear of the patient’s head.
  • the top strap 3096 may include the ribbed textile structure 3390 over a portion (e.g., l-2cm) or its entire length. Any one or more of the superior straps 3092 and the inferior straps 3094 may include the ribbed textile structure 3390 over a portion (e.g., 1-2 cm) of the straps to provide increased stretchability to accommodate extension of the straps for larger head sizes. Also as shown in Fig.
  • the headgear 3302-1 may further comprise a pair of posterior lateral straps 3357 extending between the rear strap portion 3367 and respective ends portions of the crown strap 3365 on respective sides of the patient’s head in use.
  • the posterior lateral straps 3357 may also comprise the ribbed textile structure 3390 according to any example described herein.
  • Fig. 36 shows an example of a connecting portion 3500 configured to connect a patient interface 3000 to a headgear assembly as described herein.
  • the connecting portion includes a first end 3602 which is configured to facilitate connection to the patient interface 3000, and a second end 3604, which is connected to the side strap 5004.
  • the first end 3602 may be provided with a connection member 3098 (not shown in this example) which is configured to connect to the patient interface 3000, while in other examples the first end 3602 may be configured to pass through an aperture in the patient interface, and loop back onto itself.
  • the connecting portion 3500 may be provided with a hook and loop fastener, for example an unbroken loop region 3612 may be provided in the outwardly, non-patient contacting side of the connecting portion 3500, and a hook region 3614 may be provided on or adjacent to the first end 3006 (or vice versa), to thereby provide co-operating hook-and-loop regions (known commonly as under the trademark Velcro).
  • the first end 3602 may be positioned appropriately on the unbroken loop portion of the connecting portion 3500 to maintain the tension.
  • the first end 3602 of the connecting portion 3500 is provided with rounded corners 3605. These rounded corners 3605 may advantageously allow the first end 3602 to be more easily inserted through the aperture in the patient interface.
  • the connecting portion 3500 is also provided with a rounded-edge profile, such that the edges of the connecting portion 3500 lift outwardly from the skin of the patient, which in some examples can aid to reduce occurrences of pressure sores and facial marking.
  • the rounded-edge profile may be provided using thermoforming, or other similar process. This rounded-edge profile may also be used in other straps of the headgear as described herein.
  • the connecting portion may be divided into a first region 3606 having a first stretch characteristic and a second region 3608 having a second stretch characteristic.
  • the second region may be configured to have greater stretch or extensibility in a length or longitudinal direction ‘L’ than the first region.
  • second region may be configured to have an maximum elongation in the range of 110%-200%, and the first region may be configured to have a maximum elongation in the range of 50%-75%.
  • the connecting portion 3500 may have a length (measured in the longitudinal axis L) of between approximately 140 mm to 40 mm, wherein the first region 3606 takes between approximately 80% and 90% of the total length.
  • the connecting portion may have a length of approximately 90mm wherein the first region has a length 3606 of approximately 80mm and the second region 3608 has a length of approximately 10mm.
  • the connecting portion may have a width which is measured substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of between approximately 20mm and approximately 50mm, such as approximately 40mm.
  • Use of a relatively wide connecting portion 3500 may advantageously aid in maintaining the patient interface 3000 in a stable position on the patient’s face during use.
  • first 3606 and second regions 3606 having differing stretch/extensibility characteristics it may be possible to provide connecting portions 3500, which are easier to use, and can allow for some movement of the patient interface in use while maintaining an effective seal.
  • the performance of the hook and loop fastener may be more reliable, and less prone to slipping during use.
  • one or more of the straps of the positioning and stabilising structure can comprise a rigidiser 3340, as illustrated in FIG. 6B to 6G.
  • a rigidiser 3340 may be an elongated, rigid, or substantially rigid member that adds rigidity, and/or reduces the elasticity/extensibility of the one or more straps of the positioning and stabilising structure. This can, in some examples, be used to assist in maintaining the sealforming structure 3100 in an operating position on the face of the patient.
  • the rigidisers 3340 may be provided to the straps which contact a side of the patient’s head and provide a force to limit slipping of the seal-forming structure 3100 from the patient’s nose and/or mouth.
  • the rigidiser 3340 is constructed from a material such as a polymer, or a metal.
  • the material may be substantially inextensible. The material may not permit the rigidiser 3340 to stretch.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may be substantially inflexible and may be unable to bend.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may be pre-molded into a desired shape in order to fit a patient’s head.
  • the rigidisers 3340 may be molded with a curved shape to substantially correspond to the shape of the side of the patient’s head (e g., overlaying the masseter muscle and/or the temporal bone).
  • the rigidiser 3340 may be molded in order to conform to a specific patient’s head (e.g., the rigidiser 3340 is customized).
  • the rigidiser 3340 may be flexible in at least one direction.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may be flexible about its width and may be inflexible along its length.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may be bendable about an axis along the width of the rigidiser 3340 but may be unable to bend about an axis perpendicular to the rigidiser 3340. This may allow an individual patient to adjust the rigidiser 3340 in order to better fit their individual head.
  • the rigidisers are generally long and flat members having a length significantly greater than their width.
  • the rigidisers may also have a width significantly larger than their height, where the height is defined with respect to the distance the rigidiser extends upwardly, away from the surface of the patient’s face in a direction substantially normal to the patient’s face. This configuration can allow the rigidiser and associated strap to bend towards, or away from the patient’s face in use, while remaining largely inflexible in other directions.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may remain in the new position after being bent. This may allow a patient to adjust the shape of the rigidiser 3340 for their specific head and then the rigidiser 3340 will keep the desired shape while in use in order to promote patient comfort.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may be attached to any one or more straps of a positioning and stabilising structure 3300, such as by adhesives, stitching, or any other suitable connection mechanism.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may be internal to the one or more straps.
  • the rigidiser may be positioned between one or more layers of the straps.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may be external to the one or more straps, in other words, the rigidiser may be at least partially external to the one or more straps.
  • at least a portion of the rigidiser may be positioned on a patient contacting side of the straps, or a non-patient contacting side of the straps.
  • the rigidiser may be substantially internal to the one or more straps, and comprise one or more sections which are external to the strap.
  • the rigidiser may weave in and out of the one or more straps; the one or more straps may comprise a window which exposes a portion of the rigidiser; and/or and end of the rigidiser may be exposed for example to facilitate connection of the top strap, rear strap or patient interface to the rigidiser.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may be thermoformed, or otherwise moulded to the desired shape using a heat process, as should be familiar to those skilled in the art.
  • a heat process it may be beneficial for the rigidiser to be thermoformed as the various strap layers are brought together to form the strap.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may be a plastic or metallic insert which is positioned inside the headgear straps.
  • Figs. 7A to 7J show cross-sectional views of rigidised strap constructions according to various forms of the present technology.
  • the rigidised strap may include a rigidiser 3340 that is attached to one or more strap layers 7002, for example the strap layers 7002 may comprise a fabric, textile or foam.
  • the strap layers 7002 may be configured to provide a patient contacting portion or side 7004, and a non-patient contacting portion or side 7006, wherein the patient contacting portion 7004 is substantially opposite to the non- patient contacting portion 7006, for example the non-patient contacting portion 7006 may be configured to face outwardly from the patient’s head in use, while the patient contacting portion 7004 may be configured to face inwardly, so as to contact the skin or hair of the patient 1000 in use.
  • the non-patient contacting portion 7006 of the positioning and stabilising structure may comprise an unbroken loop material such as a fabric, for example the unbroken loop material may be selected to be compatible with hook and loop fasteners.
  • the unbroken loop material may be used across all of the non-patient contacting portions 7006 of the positioning and stabilising structure.
  • the unbroken loop material may be selectively provided in the one or more side straps, such as the superior 3092 and inferior 3094 side straps, one or more top straps 3096, and one or more rear straps 3307 as described herein.
  • the rigidised strap may comprise a single strap layer 7002 which encases or otherwise attaches to the rigidiser.
  • the strap layers 7002 may be configured to extend around the rigidiser 3340 from a patient contacting portion 7004 to a non-patient contacting portion 7006 as shown in Figs. 7B, 7E, and 71.
  • the rigidised strap may comprise two or more strap layers 7002 which are configured to provide a patient contacting side, and a non-patient contacting side, as shown in Figs. 7A, 7C, and 7G.
  • the two or more strap layers 7002 may be joined using any techniques known to those skilled in the art, including for example by stitching, gluing or ultrasonic welding.
  • a joint 7008 may be formed.
  • the joint 7008 it may be preferable for the joint 7008 to be configured such that it is not located in a patient contacting surface of the strap, as this could potentially cause discomfort or facial marking of the patient in use.
  • one aspect of the present technology is to provide a rigidised strap, wherein the joint 7008 does not contact the patient’s face in use. This may be achieved by sewing the one or more strap layers 7002 inside out and returning it to its intended orientation so that the stitching is within the pocket of the strap layers 7002.
  • the strap layers 7002 provides a softer surface for contacting the patient's face in use.
  • the strap layer(s) 7002 on the patient contacting side 7004 may be the same as the strap layer(s) 7002 on the non-patient contacting side 7006.
  • the strap layer(s) 7002 on the patient contacting side 7004 may preferably have the same weave as the strap layer(s) 7002 on the non-patient contacting side 7006, such that the stretch characteristics of the straps are approximately equal on both sides.
  • the strap layer(s) 7002 on the patient contacting side 7004 may be a different fabric to the non-patient contacting side 7006, such that the strap layer(s) 7002 on the patient contacting side 7004 are more comfortable than the non-patient contacting side 7006.
  • the rigidised strap may include a rigidiser 3340 for example a rigidiser formed from or otherwise cut from a sheet of rigidiser material, as will be discussed in more detail in respect of Fig. 8A.
  • the rigidiser may be overmolded with a soft polymeric material to provide the strap layer(s) 7002.
  • the polymeric material may be a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), or thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU).
  • TPE thermoplastic elastomer
  • TPU thermoplastic polyurethane
  • the polymeric material may in some examples provide a soft material for contacting the patient's face in use.
  • the rigidised strap may include a semi-rigid moulded rigidiser 3340 that is covered in a fabric strap layers 7002 e.g., two pieces of fabric joined by stitching.
  • the rigidised strap may include a semi-rigid moulded rigidiser 3340 that is attached (e.g., welded, glued, overmolded) to a fabric composite strap layer 7002.
  • a material such as a neoprene, or such as is sold under the Breath-O-PreneTM trademark may be used.
  • the fabric composite strap layer 7002 may provide a softer material for contacting the patient's face in use.
  • the rigidised strap may include a semi-rigid moulded rigidiser 3340 that is overmoulded with a strap layer 7002 in the form of a soft polymeric material such as TPE, or TPU.
  • the polymeric material may provide a softer material for contacting the patient's face in use.
  • the rigidised strap may include a soft moulded rigidiser 3340 moulded with a soft polymeric material strap layer 7002, e.g., TPE, TPU.
  • the moulded component may be provided with soft touch or flock coating.
  • the rigidiser may include a strap layer 7002 which is thermoformed and attached to the rigidiser 3340.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may be formed from a sheet of material, such as by die cutting. In other examples, the rigidiser could be a moulded part, machined part, or otherwise formed part.
  • the fabric outer strap layers 7002 may be heat sealed together, stitched, ultrasonically cut, CNC knife cut, or otherwise joined. As illustrated, the fabric outer layer is joined at approximately the centre or middle of the edge. Preferably, the joint 7008 is at the centre or close to the centre of the side of the headgear.
  • the joint may be positioned away from the patient’s face when in use.
  • the edges of the patient contacting portion 7004 may be rounded, or otherwise curved upwardly, away from the face of the user to improve the comfort of the rigidised straps on the head of the patient 1000.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure it can be advantageous for the positioning and stabilising structure to include a soft-edge (i.e.
  • this region 8002 may be described as an arcuate region with a curvature which connects a first end 5012 of a rigidiser 3340 to a second end 5014 of the rigidiser.
  • the region 8002 may connect part of the rigidiser which is anterior of the patient’s ear, to a part of the rigidiser which is posterior to the patient’s ear by connecting in a region which is superior to the patient’s ear.
  • a layer of foam 7010 or other conformable material may be positioned around or about the rigidiser 3340.
  • the use of a foam such as a memory foam, open cell foam or closed cell foam, such as polyurethane may advantageously improve the comfort of the straps, particularly in regions comprising the rigidiser.
  • the foam 7010 may preferably extend to the lateral, horizontal edges of the rigidiser 3340 so as to prevent the ends of the strap layers 7002 from abutting the patient’s face and causing discomfort or facial marking.
  • Fig. 7H illustrates a rigidised strap with fabric outer strap layers 7002 and a foam layer 7010 provided along at least a portion of the rigidiser 3340. As illustrated, the foam layer 7010 positions the joints 7008 away from the patient’s face when in use.
  • the headgear strap may be thermoformed and then edges of the strap may be cut, for example using a die cut, a CNC controlled cutter, or by an ultrasonic cutting process.
  • edges of the strap may be cut, for example using a die cut, a CNC controlled cutter, or by an ultrasonic cutting process.
  • an ultrasonic cutting process in order to provide rounded edges, which can provide increased comfort and reduced facial marking in use.
  • thermoformed and ultrasonically cut edges have been found to be softer and less abrasive, which provides a more comfortable feel on the patent’s face in use, e.g., more comfortable feel around the patient’s ears.
  • At least a portion of the headgear may be constructed from a spacer fabric, where the edges of the spacer fabric may be ultrasonically welded. This may cause the edges of the spacer fabric to be rounded, thereby reducing facial marking, and increasing comfort for the patient.
  • the fabric outer layers may be attached together by adhesive.
  • a first layer of fabric 7002a may have wings 7012 positioned at one or both ends.
  • a joint 7008 may be formed using an Adhesive (e.g., glue).
  • Adhesive e.g., glue
  • the inner portions of the headgear may include a conformable material such as foam, or a rigidiser 1580, or a combination of the two.
  • Alternative internal components may include other elements disclosed herein, such as three-dimensional weaves.
  • the adhesive and wings may be positioned in alternative arrangements, such as the adhesive positioned on the wings, or the wings positioned on the second layer of fabric.
  • the first and second layers of fabric may be a single, continuous piece of fabric that is sealed at one end by a wing and adhesive arrangement.
  • Fig. 7J shows a single piece of fabric including a wing at one end that is adapted to be folded onto adhesive (e.g., glue) at the other end.
  • the inner portions of the headgear include a conformable material such as foam and a rigidiser 3340.
  • the edges of the headgear are completely closed, that is, the interior components of the headgear (such as the rigidiser and conformable material) are completely contained within the fabric outer layers. This is to avoid hair tangling in the internal components or discomfort due to contact with the interior elements. In addition, it may be easier to maintain the cleanliness and durability of the system if the internal components are completely encapsulated or contained within the fabric layers.
  • the edges where the fabric layers meet one another are sealed or otherwise hidden to avoid the fabrics from parting or becoming dislodged. This arrangement may also be preferable for creating a rounded continuous edge. See Fig. 7A for example.
  • the rigidiser may be relatively thin, e.g., less than 1 mm such as 0.5 mm or 0.8 mm.
  • the strap may include a nylon rigidiser enclosed in foam.
  • the density of the foam may be increased to improve comfort and reduce chances of feeling the nylon rigidiser.
  • the thickness of the foam may be utilized to alter the softness or roundness of the edge of the headgear. For example, thicker layers of foam are more likely to produce rounder comers than thinner layers of foam.
  • the foam may begin at one thickness, and be compressed to another thickness during processing.
  • the first thickness of the foam may be 5 to 30 mm.
  • the first thickness may be 7 to 12 mm.
  • the first foam thickness may be 10 to 20 mm.
  • the second foam thickness may be 0.1 to 10 mm.
  • the second foam thickness may be 2 to 5 mm.
  • the second foam thickness may alternatively be 3 to 7 mm.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may be formed by a heat pressing or embossing process configured to change the properties, such as the rigidity of a foam inner to thereby melt the foam and create a stiffened region.
  • a rigidiser may be formed by compressing or thermoforming to reduce the thickness of the foam by between 50 and 95%, such as approximately 80%.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may include embossed ribs or other features to encourage flex or control movement of the headgear in specific regions.
  • embossing may be used to stamp on a branding logo.
  • the rigidiser may comprise two or more limbs which provide a gap therebetween, as is described in relation to Fig. 8C and 8D.
  • the headgear strap may include two layers of foam. However, other suitable configurations are possible, such as a one layer or three or more layers of foam.
  • foam on the patient contacting side may be less dense or have a lower hardness than foam on non-patient contacting side. It is also possible to have more than one layer of foam and more than one rigidiser component.
  • the headgear may comprise more than one rigidiser and a single layer of foam.
  • non-woven material may be inserted in-between additional foam or fabric layers in place of a nylon rigidiser.
  • the materials and/or headgear configuration may be selected to reduce costs.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 may comprise varying thicknesses.
  • it may be advantageous to minimise the total material thickness in certain regions for example for users who are side-sleepers it may be advantageous for the material thickness in the side of head regions to be less than the material thickness on top of the user’s head, or in the cheek regions, and similarly for users who are typically back sleepers, it may be advantageous for the material thickness in the regions of the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 on the rear of the user’s head to be less than to be the material thickness on top of the user’s head, or in the cheek regions.
  • the side straps, of the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 may comprise a rigidised portion 33OOA comprising a rigidiser 3340 (not shown in Fig. 8A).
  • the rigidised portion may be configured to connect to one or more side straps 3315, such as the superior 3092 and inferior 3094 side straps, one or more top straps 3096, and one or more rear straps 3307.
  • each of the foregoing portions/straps may be integrally formed, such as by cutting from a single sheet of material such as a fabric or foam (or a laminated stack of materials), or alternatively any one or more of the straps/portions may be joined for example using adhesives, stitching or ultrasonic welding as described herein.
  • the rigidised portion 33OOA may have a thickness of between approximately 7 mm and approximately 3 mm, such as substantially 5 mm.
  • the side straps such as the superior 3092 or inferior 3094 side straps, the top strap 3096, and/or the rear strap 3307 to be thinner or have a lower thickness than the rigidised portion 3300A.
  • side straps such as the superior 3092 or inferior 3094 side straps may have a thickness of between approximately 4 mm and approximately 1 mm such as 2.7 mm
  • the top strap 3096 and/or rear straps 3307 may have a thickness of between approximately 3 mm and approximately 6 mm such as substantially 5 mm.
  • the rigidised portion may have a thickness which is as thin as possible while maintaining the desired in-plane stiffness required for supporting the patient interface 3000 in position on the patient’s head.
  • the rigidised portion may be desirable for the rigidised portion to have a thickness of less than 6 mm such as between 3 mm and 5 mm.
  • the use of a thin rigidised portion may advantageously improve comfort for side-sleepers.
  • a rigidiser 3340 may be covered with a sleeve 8008, or other piece of cushioning material which can further increase the comfort, and/or reducing the likelihood of facial marking.
  • the sleeve 8008 may be configured to wrap around one or more of the headgear straps, or alternatively, the sleeve may comprise a tubular construction which is configured to be slid over one or more of the headgear straps in use.
  • the sleeve may be removable, for example to facilitate ease of cleaning.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may comprise two or more limbs or branches 8004 which each extend along substantially the same longitudinal section of the headgear straps.
  • a first pair of limbs 8004A, 8004B extend superior to the ear of the patient in use, towards the top strap 3096, or connection member 3098 configured to connect to a top strap 3096.
  • a second pair of limbs 8004C, 8004D are provided in a region of the straps which is posterior to the ear of the patient in use, in a portion of the strap which extends towards the rear strap 3307.
  • first limb 8004A and second limb 8004B may be offset from one another along a longitudinal portion of the at least one strap (e.g., laterally offset from one another such that both limbs occupy the same longitudinal section of the strap).
  • the limbs are spaced apart from one another so as to provide a space therebetween.
  • the limbs 8004 may be substantially parallel to one another, in other examples, such as shown in Fig. 8C the limbs may either converge or diverge from one another.
  • the distal ends of the first 8004A and second 8004 limbs i.e., the ends of the limbs which are furthest from a centre of the rigidiser, are connected to one another, for example, either by converging in the case of the superior limbs 8004 A, 8004B, or by being connected via a bridging section 8006 in the example of the posterior limbs 8004C, 8004D.
  • the distal ends of each of the limbs may have a substantially free end, or otherwise be separated from one another which may allow for reduced torsional rigidity in comparison to the example of Fig. 8C.
  • converging or diverging limbs may advantageously allow the torsional stiffness or rigidity of the one or more straps to be adjusted along their length by selectively controlling the amount out-of-plane bending each limb may be able to do relative to the other of the first and second limbs.
  • the width of the rigidiser may be increased.
  • the region of the rigidiser anterior of the patient’s ear may be configured to connect to one or more side straps 3315 (such as the superior 3092 and inferior straps 3094) for the purposes of tightening the patient interface on the patient’s face.
  • rigidiser limbs 8004 may also advantageously provide for a better connection between the straps and the rigidiser material, as a join between the inner, patient contacting layer, and outer-non patient contacting layer may be made through the gap formed between each of the limbs.
  • this gap may be filled, for example using an additional section of material (such as rigidiser material, foam or a textile) such that the difference is thickness is less pronounced, this may improve the aesthetics, and/or the comfort of the positioning and stabilising structures described herein.
  • the gap between the rigidiser limbs may be filled with a foam material, which has a greater thickness than the rigidiser, so as to lifts the rigidiser outwardly away from the patient’s skin, further improving comfort, and/or reducing facial marking.
  • rigidiser limbs in the specific locations illustrated in Fig. 8C and 8D are not limiting on the scope of the technology, and these features may be added in any rigidiser construction where it may be advantageous to increase the torsional flexibility, or otherwise reduce the out-of-plane rigidity of the headgear straps.
  • limbs could be used in any portion of the rigidiser 3340 construction illustrated in Fig. 6E, such as in the region superior to the ear of the user to reduce the torsional rigidity in this region.
  • the positioning and stabilising structures 3300 described herein may comprise a first rigidiser 3340A, configured for use on a first side of the patient’s head and a second rigidiser 3340B, configured for use on a second side of the patient’s head.
  • the first rigidiser 3340A may comprise a shape which has at least one axis of symmetry with the second rigidiser 3340B, as shown in Fig. 9A, such as the first rigidiser being a mirror image of the second rigidiser.
  • a first rigidiser may be flipped over in order to be used in the manufacture of headgear straps for the opposite side of the patient’s head.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may be cut from a sheet of rigidising material, such as a sheet of thin plastic or metallic material.
  • the rigidiser may be formed from a sheet of nylon.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may comprise a plurality of rigidiser sections which are joined for example such as by welding, stitching or adhering the layers together or to layers of the headgear straps.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may comprise a plurality of rigidiser sections which are joined for example such as by welding, stitching or adhering the layers together or to layers of the headgear straps.
  • the corresponding gaps between in each limb may be formed using any techniques known to those skilled in the art, including die-cutting, stamping, cutting etc.
  • the rigidiser 3340 it can be advantageous for the rigidiser 3340 to have a first stiffness bending in-plane, which is greater than its bending stiffness out-of-plane. Examples of being in-plane are shown in Fig. 9B, and out-ofplane illustrated in Fig. 9C.
  • examples of the technology may comprise rigidisers 3340 formed from substantially planar sheet materials, or otherwise the rigidised straps once formed, may be considered to have a substantially planar construction when formed. Accordingly, bending in-plane may be defined as bending which occurs around an axis which is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the rigidiser/rigidised straps, while being out of plane may be defined as bending which occurs around an axis which is substantially parallel to the plane of the rigidiser/rigidised straps.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure may be better able to support and resist any superior-inferior movement of the patient interface on the face of the user, by transferring the associated forces through the rigidiser to the rear of the user’s head.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure may be able to better conform to the shape of the patient’s facial features, such as the bone structure of their face.
  • nasal interfaces may be configured such that the positioning and stabilising structure 3300, extends in use from the patient interface 3000 along a side of the patients face, for example in a direction overlaying the cheekbones of the patient superior to the otobasion superior.
  • one or more straps may be configured to extend above the ears of the patient, to connect to the top strap 3096 and rear strap 3307.
  • This configuration may be beneficial to the patient 1000 as the patient interface 3000 and associated positioning and stabilising structure 3300 may be put on (“donned”) and/or taken off (“doffed”) without needing to connect, disconnect or adjust any of the straps between use, and/or without needing to connect a lower headgear strap 3094 inferior to the ear of the patient.
  • the stabilising (Fpss) forces required to counteract the blowout forces (Fpienum) can be provided in a direction which extends above the ear of the patient in use.
  • the stabilising forces Fpss may be provided along an axis x, having an angle a which is between approximately 35 degrees with respect to the Frankfort horizontal, and approximately 25 degrees with respect to the Frankfort horizontal, such as approximately 30 degrees. In nasal interfaces this angle has been shown to be effective, as the resulting force FPSS can help to force the seal-forming structure 3100 in a superior direction into engagement with or around the nares of the patient.
  • the Plenum forces Fpienum may include a larger component in the axis of the Frankfort Horizonal, for example due to inflation of the seal forming structure against any one or more of the chin, lower lip region, upper lip regions, and nasal bridge regions of the patient face. Accordingly, the blowout forces Fpienum are at a lower angle a with respect to the Frankfort horizontal, and therefore the use of traditional two-point headgear arrangements is not possible without the straps of the headgear extending over the ears of the patient 1000 in use which can result in discomfort for the patient, particularly when the patient is in sleeping on their side.
  • Fig. 5A shows one example of the technology, where a four-point positioning and stabilising structure 3300 is provided to support a patient interface 3000 on a patient’s face.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure attaches to the patient interface at four-points, two on either side of the patient interface.
  • reference here to two or four-point positioning and stabilising structures 3300 should not be seen as limiting on the technology and any number of connection points may be provided, including three or more connection points on each side of the patient interface.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 comprises a superior side strap 3092, which connects via a connection member 3098 to a superior portion of the patient interface, and an inferior side strap 3094 which connects via a connection member 3098 to an inferior portion of the patient interface.
  • the superior strap 3092 and inferior strap 3094 may be independently formed straps which are joined using any method known to those skilled in the art, including stitching, and ultrasonic welding.
  • the superior strap 3092 may be integrally formed with the inferior strap 3094, for example a single strap may be split to form the superior strap 3092 and inferior strap 3094.
  • the top strap 3096 and rear strap 3307 are further joined by a connecting strap 5002.
  • the connecting strap 5002 may take the form of webbing.
  • the connecting strap may comprise an elastic or mesh material which allows for flexibility between the top strap 3096 and the rear strap 3307.
  • the connecting strap 5002 may be another strap, or a panel of material, for example a gusset.
  • the tension in the superior strap 3092 may be adjusted to adjust the Fpss force applied to a superior portion of the patient interface.
  • the superior strap 3092 may be shortened to increase the sealing pressure in a region adjacent to the nose of the patient 1000, or conversely lengthened to reduce the sealing pressure in this region.
  • the sealing pressure may be in the nasal bridge region, side of nose regions or upper lip regions.
  • the tension in the inferior strap 3094 may be adjusted to adjust the Fpss force applied to an inferior portion of the patient interface.
  • the inferior strap 3094 may be shortened to increase the sealing pressure in a region adjacent to the chin or mouth of the patient 1000, or conversely lengthened to reduce the sealing pressure in this region.
  • the sealing pressure may be in the chin, side of mouth or lower lip regions of the patient’s face.
  • the inferior strap 3094 may be configured to extend from the patient interface, along the side of the face of the patient from an anterior side of the patient’s ear, superior to the patient’s ear, to a posterior side of the patient’s ear to join with or otherwise form the rear strap 3307. In this way, the inferior strap 3094, follows an arcuate path, around the ear of the patient in a substantially inverted U-shape.
  • the inferior strap 3094 as measured from the connection point on the patient interface through to the anchoring point behind or otherwise posterior to the patient’s ear, provides a stabilising force Fpss having an angle a with respect to the Frankfort horizontal, such as between approximately 0 degrees, and approximately 20 degrees, such as approximately 10 degrees.
  • Fpss having an angle a with respect to the Frankfort horizontal, such as between approximately 0 degrees, and approximately 20 degrees, such as approximately 10 degrees.
  • the inferior strap 3094 may be constructed of a material which has a greater stiffness, or otherwise lower flexibility than the superior strap.
  • the rigidity of the inferior strap 3094 may be increased by using one or more rigidisers as described herein.
  • the superior strap 3092 may extend from the patient interface along the side of the face of the patient to a region substantially superior to the ear of the patient before joining with, or otherwise forming the top strap 3096. Accordingly, the superior strap 3092 may provide a stabilising force Fpss along an axis ‘y’ having an angle P with respect to the Frankfort horizontal, such as between approximately 25 degrees, and approximately 35 degrees, such as approximately 30 degrees.
  • Fig. 5B shows one example of the technology, where a two-point positioning and stabilising structure 3300 is provided to support a patient interface 3000 on a patient’s face.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure attaches to the patient interface at two-points, one either side of the patient interface.
  • the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 comprises a side strap 5004, which connects via a connection member 3098 to the patient interface.
  • the two-point positioning and stabilising structure 3300 comprises a top strap 3096, and a rear strap 3307 as described herein.
  • the two-point positioning and stabilising structure 3300 comprises a side strap 5004, which functions in a similar manner to the inferior side straps of the four- point headgear examples in that the side strap 5004 is configured to provide an angle a between the point of connection to the patient interface, and the opposing end of the side strap, posterior to the ear of the patient.
  • the angle a providing a stabilising force Fpss having angle a with respect to the Frankfort horizontal, such as between approximately 0 degrees, and approximately 20 degrees, such as approximately 10 degrees.
  • FIG. 5C shows a further example of a positioning and stabilising structure 3300 in accordance with the present technology.
  • a single side strap 5004 is provided on each side of the patient interface to provide a two-point headgear configuration.
  • the side strap 5004 extends from a region anterior to the patient’s ear, extending first superior to the patient’s octobasion superior, and continuing downwardly to a region posterior of the patient’s ear, before connecting to the rear strap 3307.
  • the side strap 5004 is provided with a rigidiser 3340 to improve the rigidity of the side strap, and to more directly transfer the forces imparted to the patient interface end of the side strap 5004, through to the top strap 3096, and rear strap 3307.
  • the rigidiser may also help to anchor the headgear using the stable bony parts of the cranium superior to and in some cases posterior to the ears of the patient.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may be provided to the side strap 5004 in any suitable manner, such as by being affixed to an outer surface of the side strap 5004 facing away from the patient in use, or embedded in the side strap, i.e., positioned between one or more layers in the side strap.
  • the side strap 5004 and rigidiser 3340 have a substantially inverted Y-shape, having a first end 5006 adjacent to, and configured to connect to the patient interface 3000, and a second end 5008 which is distal to the first end and is configured to connect to the rear strap 3307.
  • the side strap 5004 also extends upwardly toward the top strap to a third end 5010 which is positioned in a region which is superior to the patient’s ear.
  • Having the rigidiser extend upwardly from the otobasion superior may raise the anchoring point of the positioning and stabilising structure, relative to rigidisers without the upward extension.
  • the higher anchoring point may for some patients provide a more stable positioning of the patient interface.
  • the rigidiser 3340 comprises a first end 5012 on an anterior side of the patient’s ear, and a second end 5014 on a posterior side of the patient’s ear.
  • first end 5012 becomes similarly anchored.
  • the first end 5012 of the rigidiser it can be advantageous for the first end 5012 of the rigidiser to be positioned such that it overlays or is otherwise positioned inferior to the cheekbones of the patient. In other words, it can be advantageous for the angle between the point at which the side strap 5004 connects to the patient interface, and the first end of the rigidiser to be less than 25 degrees with respect to the Frankfort horizontal.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may be defined by an axis ‘x’ which extends between the first end 5012 of the rigidiser 3340 and the second end 5014 of the rigidiser 3340, wherein it may be advantageous for the angle ‘a’ of the axis ‘x’ with respect to the Frankfort horizontal may be less than 25 degrees.
  • the side straps 5004 are configured to attach to the patient interface 3000, top strap 3096, and rear strap 3307 by extending portions of the strap through connection members 3098 in the respective patient interface 3000, top strap 3096 and rear strap 3307.
  • This configuration should not be seen as limiting and in the illustrated example the side strap 5004 comprises connection members 3096 configured to receive the respective top 3096 and rear straps 3307.
  • Fig. 5D shows a further example of the present technology, where a side strap 5004 splits into a plurality of side straps in the form of a superior strap 3092, and an inferior strap 3094.
  • a rigidiser 3340 is provided to the inferior strap 3094 to further add rigidity to the inferior strap.
  • Fig. 6A shows a first example of a positioning and stabilising structure comprising a rigidiser 3340 in the form of a rigid strap.
  • the inferior strap 3094 may be comprised of a material such as a polymer which provides the strap with the necessary rigidity to transfer the forces imparted to the patient interface through to the rear strap 3307.
  • the first end 5012 of the rigidiser 3340 is illustrated as being positioned on the side strap in a location which is set back from the patient interface. This configuration may advantageously allow for adjustment between the side straps and the patient interface, including both tension adjustment and angle adjustments. However this should not be seen as limiting and in other examples the rigidiser may be configured to connect directly to the patient interface 3000.
  • Fig. 6B shows an example of a positioning and stabilising structure 3300 which comprises a rigidiser 3340 having a first end positioned such that it overlays or otherwise sits inferior to the cheekbones of the patient, and anterior of the ear of the patient 1000.
  • the rigidiser extends along the contour of the side strap 5004 following the curvature of the strap above or otherwise superior to the ear of the user, and having a second end which is superior to, and slightly posterior to the ear of the patient.
  • Fig. 6C shows a modified version of the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 of Fig. 6B in which a second rigidiser 3340 is provided in a location which is superior to the ear of the patient, and extends upwardly, to partially follow the direction of the top strap 3096.
  • both rigidisers may function to support and anchor the first end of the rigidiser in a location which sits on or below the cheekbones of the user.
  • each of the rigidisers may be separate to one another, by leaving a small gap between the rigidisers, it may be possible to adjust the amount of movement allowed in the patient interface 3000 to improve patient comfort in use.
  • Fig 6D shows a further example of a rigidiser in which the rigidiser 3340 has a first end 5012, positioned such that it overlays or otherwise sits inferior to the cheekbones of the patient, and anterior of the ear of the patient 1000.
  • the rigidiser extends along the contour of the side strap 5004 following the curvature of the strap above or otherwise superior to the ear of the user, and having a second end which is superior to, and slightly posterior to the ear of the patient.
  • the rigidiser also extends upwardly, in a direction superior to the ear of the patient such that it substantially follows the direction of the top strap. In this way, the rigidiser may be better anchored horizontally by the rear strap, and vertically by the top strap.
  • Figs. 6E to 6G largely correspond to the examples of Figs. 6B to 6D, with the exception that the second end of the rigidiser is configured to extend further along the rear strap, posterior to the ear of the user.
  • the second end of the rigidiser may be configured to use overlay a point where the parietal bone of the patient’s head meets the temporal bone, or otherwise posterior to a point where the parietal bone of the patient’s head meets the temporal bone.
  • the second end of the rigidiser may be configured to use overlay a point where the occipital bone of the patient’s head meets the temporal bone, or otherwise a point which is superior to the point where the occipital and temporal bones meet.
  • the rigidiser may be defined as extending in an arcuate path centred around the ear of the user, wherein the arcuate path has an arc angle of between approximately 90 and approximately 145 degrees, such as approximately 130 degrees (in the examples of Fig. 6B to 6D). In other examples the rigidiser may be defined as extending in an arcuate path centred around the ear of the user, wherein the arcuate path has an arc angle of between approximately 170 and approximately 210 degrees, such as approximately 180 degrees (in the examples of Fig. 6E to 6G).
  • the corresponding angle between the first end 5012 of the rigidiser and the second end 5014 of the rigidiser is reduced relative to the Frankfort horizontal.
  • the resulting support force vector FPSS which is substantially horizontal, or otherwise closer to the Frankfort horizontal. This may be beneficial for example when used in full-face masks which seal with the nasal bridge region of the patient, in order to minimise the pressure on the sensitive nasal bridge region, while maintaining an effective seal.
  • positioning and stabilising structures 3300 can move from their intended position on the patient’s 1000 face, thereby affecting the comfort and efficacy of the pressure therapy being provided. This effect can be exacerbated in examples of the technology where there are relatively few anchoring points for the patient interface 3000 on the patient’s head.
  • Fig. 10A shows one example of a rigidiser 3340 in position on a patient’s 1000 head.
  • the straps of the headgear have been omitted from this example, however details of these straps are substantially the same as has been described herein.
  • the rigidiser experiences three main force vectors: a sealing force (F s ) which is the force which is pulling the patient interface 3000 into engagement with the patient’s face, and two headgear forces (FHI and Fm) which oppose the sealing force F s .
  • F s sealing force
  • FHI and Fm headgear forces
  • two sealing force (F s ) vectors are shown, which correspond to two attachment points between the rigidiser 3340 and the patient interface 3000 (i.e., the superior strap 3092 and inferior strap 3094 of, for example Fig. 6G) although this should not be seen as limiting and in other examples a single side strap 5004 (of for example, Fig. 6A) may be used between the patient interface 3000 and the rigidiser 3340.
  • Fig. 10A is an example of a pivot point 10002 for a headgear which uses a rigidiser as shown.
  • references to the pivot point 10002 in the specification are in reference to a point about which the first end 5012 of the rigidiser pivots in use such as when the headgear is tightened.
  • This pivot point 10002 is discussed with reference to side views of the rigidiser 3340 structure, which substantially sits within a two-dimensional plane. Accordingly, when considering this two-dimensional perspective, the pivot point 10002 acts as the centre or focus of an imaginary circle having a radius equal to the separation between the first end 5012 and the pivot point, and wherein movement of the first end 5012 in use follows the circumference of the imaginary circle.
  • the headgear is a three-dimensional structure, and as such, when donned by a patient, the pivot points 10002 on opposing sides of the headgear provide a pivot axis around which the respective first ends 5012 pivot in use.
  • pivot point 10002 is positioned superior and slightly posterior to the ear of the patient 1000.
  • location of the pivot point 10002 may vary slightly depending on the anthropomorphic characteristics of the patient, and the associated sizing of the positioning and stabilising structure 3300.
  • the first end 5012 of the rigidiser 3340 may translate on or about an arc ‘A’ which is substantially defined by the location of the pivot point 10002; in other words, the first end 5012 of the rigidiser may translate in an anterior-superior direction, i.e., towards the nose and/or eyes of the patient 1000.
  • This translation of the rigidiser 3340 can have a negative impact on the sealing performance of the patient interface 3000 or otherwise decrease the comfort of the system.
  • the resulting sealing force vectors F s may encourage the patient interface 3000 upwardly in a superior direction on the patient’s face, thereby increasing the forces imparted into the patient’s nose, potentially reducing comfort, and/or sealing efficacy.
  • a further example of the technology shown in Figs. 10B and 10C provides a version of the rigidiser 3340 configured with a third end 5010 which extends higher on the head of the patient, in a direction superior to the ear of the patient 1000.
  • the third end 5010 may be positioned between approximately 60mm and approximately 120mm (inclusive) above or superior to the ear of the patient, such as between approximately 80mm and approximately 100mm inclusive.
  • the region 8002 of the positioning and stabilising structure which is immediately superior to the ears of the patient, is positioned in a spaced relationship with respect to the ears of the patient 1000.
  • the region 8002 may be provided at least 5mm above or superior to the ear of the patient 1000, such as at least 10mm above or superior to the ear of the patient 1000.
  • a further feature of the design illustrated in Fig 10B is that the rigidiser 3340 is provided with a curvature that extends from a region superior to the ear of the patient 1000, through a midpoint 10004 which is substantially aligned with the Frankfort horizonal plane of the user and is anterior of the patient’s ear.
  • the rigidiser 3340 continues to curve such that the first end 5012 is inferior and anterior of the patient’s ear, and optionally sits in a location which is more posterior than the midpoint 10004.
  • the first end 5012 of the rigidiser 3340 may overlie the jawbones of the patient in use.
  • the pivot point 10002 may be substantially in line with the coronal plane of the patient in a location superior to the ear of the patient.
  • the pivot points 10002 may be in a location which is superior to a centre of the ear of the patient.
  • the resulting pivot location is therefore more directly anterior to the first end 5012, and therefore the associated movement arc ‘A’ which the first end 5012 undergoes during the tightening of the headgear has a reduced movement component in the inferior to superior direction, and is predominantly in a posterior to anterior direction.
  • Fig. 10D shows an example of the rigidiser of Fig.10C superimposed over part of a headgear in accordance with the present technology.
  • the headgear comprises two rear straps 3307A, and 3307B, a top strap 3096 and at least one strap 3092 configured to connect to a patient interface (in some cases this may comprise a superior strap 3092 and an inferior strap 3094, as in the headgear described in, for example, Fig. 6G).
  • Fig. 10E shows a top view of a patient’s 1000 head with a rigidiser positioned against one side. From this view it can be seen that the rigidiser is configured to follow the contour of the patient’s head in use. In other words, the side of the rigidiser facing the head of the patient has a slightly concave curvature.
  • the shape of the rigidiser helps to improve the stability of the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 on the patient’s head, and features described herein, such as having an extended third end 5010, can further assist with reducing the overall amount of movement experienced in use, for example by increasing the friction between the positioning and stabilising structure 3300 and the patient’s head.
  • the rigidiser 3340 in some examples may be formed to have a predetermined shape which is configured to match an average contour of the population.
  • the rigidiser 3340 may be thermoformed together with one or more headgear straps in order to provide the predetermined shape. 5.3.4 Vent
  • the patient interface 3000 includes a vent 3400 constructed and arranged to allow for the washout of exhaled gases, e.g. carbon dioxide.
  • exhaled gases e.g. carbon dioxide.
  • the patient interface 3000 includes at least one decoupling structure, for example, a swivel or a ball and socket.
  • Connection port 3600 allows for connection to the air circuit 4170.
  • a patient interface 3000 includes one or more ports that allow access to the volume within the plenum chamber 3200. In one form this allows a clinician to supply supplementary oxygen. In one form, this allows for the direct measurement of a property of gases within the plenum chamber 3200, such as the pressure.
  • An RPT device 4000 in accordance with one aspect of the present technology comprises mechanical, pneumatic, and/or electrical components and is configured to execute one or more algorithms 4300, such as any of the methods, in whole or in part, described herein.
  • the RPT device 4000 may be configured to generate a flow of air for delivery to a patient’s airways, such as to treat one or more of the respiratory conditions described elsewhere in the present document.
  • the RPT device 4000 is constructed and arranged to be capable of delivering a flow of air in a range of -20 L/min to +150 L/min while maintaining a positive pressure of at least 4 cmH20, or at least 10cmH2O, or at least 20 cmH20.
  • An air circuit 4170 in accordance with an aspect of the present technology is a conduit or a tube constructed and arranged to allow, in use, a flow of air to travel between two components such as RPT device 4000 and the patient interface 3000 or 3800.
  • Air In certain forms of the present technology, air may be taken to mean atmospheric air, and in other forms of the present technology air may be taken to mean some other combination of breathable gases, e.g. oxygen enriched air.
  • Ambient In certain forms of the present technology, the term ambient will be taken to mean (i) external of the treatment system or patient, and (ii) immediately surrounding the treatment system or patient.
  • ambient humidity with respect to a humidifier may be the humidity of air immediately surrounding the humidifier, e.g. the humidity in the room where a patient is sleeping. Such ambient humidity may be different to the humidity outside the room where a patient is sleeping.
  • ambient pressure may be the pressure immediately surrounding or external to the body.
  • ambient noise may be considered to be the background noise level in the room where a patient is located, other than for example, noise generated by an RPT device or emanating from a mask or patient interface.
  • Ambient noise may be generated by sources outside the room.
  • APAP therapy in which the treatment pressure is automatically adjustable, e.g. from breath to breath, between minimum and maximum limits, depending on the presence or absence of indications of SDB events.
  • Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) therapy Respiratory pressure therapy in which the treatment pressure is approximately constant through a respiratory cycle of a patient.
  • the pressure at the entrance to the airways will be slightly higher during exhalation, and slightly lower during inhalation.
  • the pressure will vary between different respiratory cycles of the patient, for example, being increased in response to detection of indications of partial upper airway obstruction, and decreased in the absence of indications of partial upper airway obstruction.
  • Flow rate- The volume (or mass) of air delivered per unit time.
  • Flow rate may refer to an instantaneous quantity.
  • a reference to flow rate will be a reference to a scalar quantity, namely a quantity having magnitude only.
  • a reference to flow rate will be a reference to a vector quantity, namely a quantity having both magnitude and direction.
  • Flow rate may be given the symbol Q. ‘Flow rate’ is sometimes shortened to simply ‘flow’ or ‘airflow’.
  • a flow rate may be nominally positive for the inspiratory portion of a breathing cycle of a patient, and hence negative for the expiratory portion of the breathing cycle of a patient.
  • Device flow rate, Qd is the flow rate of air leaving the RPT device.
  • Total flow rate, Qt. is the flow rate of air and any supplementary gas reaching the patient interface via the air circuit.
  • Vent flow rate, Qy is the flow rate of air leaving a vent to allow washout of exhaled gases.
  • Leak flow rate, QI is the flow rate of leak from a patient interface system or elsewhere.
  • Respiratory flow rate, Qr is the flow rate of air that is received into the patient’s respiratory system.
  • Respiratory therapy comprising the delivery of a flow of air to an entrance to the airways at a controlled flow rate referred to as the treatment flow rate that is typically positive throughout the patient’s breathing cycle.
  • Humidifier will be taken to mean a humidifying apparatus constructed and arranged, or configured with a physical structure to be capable of providing a therapeutically beneficial amount of water (HzO) vapour to a flow of air to ameliorate a medical respiratory condition of a patient.
  • HzO water
  • leak The word leak will be taken to be an unintended flow of air. In one example, leak may occur as the result of an incomplete seal between a mask and a patient’ s face. In another example leak may occur in a swivel elbow to the ambient.
  • Noise, conducted (acoustic)' Conducted noise in the present document refers to noise which is carried to the patient by the pneumatic path, such as the air circuit and the patient interface as well as the air therein. In one form, conducted noise may be quantified by measuring sound pressure levels at the end of an air circuit.
  • Radiated noise in the present document refers to noise which is carried to the patient by the ambient air.
  • radiated noise may be quantified by measuring sound power/pressure levels of the object in question according to ISO 3744.
  • Vent noise in the present document refers to noise which is generated by the flow of air through any vents such as vent holes of the patient interface.
  • Oxygen enriched air Air with a concentration of oxygen greater than that of atmospheric air (21%), for example at least about 50% oxygen, at least about 60% oxygen, at least about 70% oxygen, at least about 80% oxygen, at least about 90% oxygen, at least about 95% oxygen, at least about 98% oxygen, or at least about 99% oxygen. “Oxygen enriched air” is sometimes shortened to “oxygen”.
  • Medical Oxygen Medical oxygen is defined as oxygen enriched air with an oxygen concentration of 80% or greater.
  • Patient A person, whether or not they are suffering from a respiratory condition.
  • the pressure in the patient interface is given the symbol Pm, while the treatment pressure, which represents a target value to be achieved by the interface pressure Pm at the current instant of time, is given the symbol Pt.
  • Respiratory Pressure Therapy The application of a supply of air to an entrance to the airways at a treatment pressure that is typically positive with respect to atmosphere.
  • Ventilator A mechanical device that provides pressure support to a patient to perform some or all of the work of breathing.
  • Silicone or Silicone Elastomer A synthetic rubber.
  • a reference to silicone is a reference to liquid silicone rubber (LSR) or a compression moulded silicone rubber (CMSR).
  • LSR liquid silicone rubber
  • CMSR compression moulded silicone rubber
  • SILASTIC included in the range of products sold under this trademark
  • Another manufacturer of LSR is Wacker.
  • an exemplary form of LSR has a Shore A (or Type A) indentation hardness in the range of about 35 to about 45 as measured using ASTM D2240.
  • Deformation' The process where the original geometry of a member changes when subjected to forces, e.g. a force in a direction with respect to an axis.
  • the process may include stretching or compressing, bending and, twisting.
  • Elasticity The ability of a material to return to its original geometry after deformation.
  • Resilient' Will release substantially all of the energy when unloaded. Includes e.g. certain silicones, and thermoplastic elastomers.
  • Rigid structure or component' A structure or component that will not substantially change shape when subject to the loads typically encountered in use.
  • An example of such a use may be setting up and maintaining a patient interface in sealing relationship with an entrance to a patient’s airways, e.g. at a load of approximately 20 to 30 cmH20 pressure.
  • Stiffness or rigidity of a structure or component'.
  • the load may be a force or a moment, e.g. compression, tension, bending or torsion.
  • the structure or component may offer different resistances in different directions.
  • the inverse of stiffness is flexibility.
  • Otobasion inferior The lowest point of attachment of the auricle to the skin of the face.
  • Otobasion superior The highest point of attachment of the auricle to the skin of the face. 5.6.2.2 Anatomy of the skull
  • Occipital bone The occipital bone is situated at the back and lower part of the cranium. It includes an oval aperture, the foramen magnum, through which the cranial cavity communicates with the vertebral canal.
  • the curved plate behind the foramen magnum is the squama occipitalis.
  • Parietal bones The parietal bones are the bones that, when joined together, form the roof and sides of the cranium.
  • Temporal bones The temporal bones are situated on the bases and sides of the skull, and support that part of the face known as the temple.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pulmonology (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Emergency Medicine (AREA)
  • Anesthesiology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des structures de positionnement et de stabilisation destinées à soutenir une interface patient en prise étanche avec le visage d'un patient pendant l'administration d'un flux de gaz respirable au nez et à la bouche du patient au cours d'un traitement de thérapie respiratoire. Dans certains exemples, les structures de positionnement et de stabilisation comprennent une structure textile nervurée comportant des rangées répétées de saillies. Dans certains exemples, la structure de positionnement et de stabilisation comprend des sangles latérales comportant une première région présentant une première extensibilité et une seconde région présentant une seconde extensibilité.
PCT/AU2025/050352 2024-04-11 2025-04-11 Masque pour interfaces patient Pending WO2025213229A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202463632865P 2024-04-11 2024-04-11
US63/632,865 2024-04-11
AU2024901174 2024-04-26
AU2024901174A AU2024901174A0 (en) 2024-04-26 Headgear for patient interfaces
AU2024901339A AU2024901339A0 (en) 2024-05-09 Headgear for patient interfaces
AU2024901339 2024-05-09

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2025213229A1 true WO2025213229A1 (fr) 2025-10-16

Family

ID=97349027

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/AU2025/050352 Pending WO2025213229A1 (fr) 2024-04-11 2025-04-11 Masque pour interfaces patient

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2025213229A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013026091A1 (fr) * 2011-08-22 2013-02-28 Resmed Limited Force extra-orale et masques fabriqués suivant une forme
WO2013064930A1 (fr) * 2011-11-03 2013-05-10 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Force extra-orale à un seul plan, à multiples matériaux
WO2021162631A1 (fr) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-19 ResMed Asia Pte Ltd Structure de positionnement et de stabilisation pour une interface patient
WO2021234583A1 (fr) * 2020-05-19 2021-11-25 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Casque pour interface patient
WO2022243915A1 (fr) * 2021-05-19 2022-11-24 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Casque pour interface de patient

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2013026091A1 (fr) * 2011-08-22 2013-02-28 Resmed Limited Force extra-orale et masques fabriqués suivant une forme
WO2013064930A1 (fr) * 2011-11-03 2013-05-10 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Force extra-orale à un seul plan, à multiples matériaux
WO2021162631A1 (fr) * 2020-02-14 2021-08-19 ResMed Asia Pte Ltd Structure de positionnement et de stabilisation pour une interface patient
WO2021234583A1 (fr) * 2020-05-19 2021-11-25 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Casque pour interface patient
WO2022243915A1 (fr) * 2021-05-19 2022-11-24 Fisher & Paykel Healthcare Limited Casque pour interface de patient

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US11590311B2 (en) Headgear with covered edge
CN213609085U (zh) 患者接口
CN109091739B (zh) 用于呼吸面罩的颈部条带、冠部条带组件与头套
CN114010903B (zh) 患者接口及其制作方法
CN115916309A (zh) 具有多个曲率的弹性密封形成结构
CN113677387A (zh) 利用空气辅助偏置部的织物密封
CN114401761A (zh) 具有可变构造的密封形成结构的患者接口
EP4103255B1 (fr) Une interface patient avec une structure de positionnement et de stabilisation
JP2023532169A (ja) シリコーン層を有する患者インターフェース織物シール
US12115314B2 (en) Textile seal-forming structure with multiple curvatures
EP4135812A1 (fr) Structure de formation de joint d'étanchéité élastomère à courbures multiples
US20240198026A1 (en) Seal-forming structure with multiple curvatures
US12226581B2 (en) Headgear with covered edge
CN215995209U (zh) 患者接口
WO2025213229A1 (fr) Masque pour interfaces patient
CN223627923U (zh) 用于患者接口的定位和稳定结构
WO2024207063A1 (fr) Casque pour interfaces patient
WO2024205511A1 (fr) Structure de positionnement et de stabilisation pour une interface patient
WO2024234055A1 (fr) Construction de tubes destinés à être utilisés avec des structures de positionnement et de stabilisation pour des interfaces patient et des dispositifs de thérapie par pression respiratoire
CN121194813A (zh) 与用于患者接口和呼吸压力治疗装置的定位和稳定结构一起使用的管构造
CN116635099A (zh) 具有织物套筒的组合和稳定结构
NZ769873B2 (en) Headgear with Covered Edge
NZ769846B2 (en) Headgear with Covered Edge

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 25785319

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1