WO2025203551A1 - Total heat exchange element - Google Patents

Abstract

In a total heat exchange element 1, a plurality of partition members partition between a first flow path layer and a second flow path layer which are alternately stacked. A plurality of space keeping members are disposed in the first flow path layer and the second flow path layer, respectively, and keep a space between the plurality of partition members. Each space keeping member has a plurality of porous layers stacked in the thickness direction of each space keeping member. Each porous layer is composed of a porous material. The porous material is a material obtained by mixing pulp and a resin, or paper. In each space keeping member, at least two layers, among the plurality of layers, are different from each other in porosity.

Description

Total heat exchange element

This disclosure relates to a total heat exchange element.

Patent Document 1 discloses a total heat exchange element in which flow path forming members, each having multiple flow paths for intake air and each having multiple flow paths for exhaust air, are alternately stacked to perform heat exchange between the intake air and the exhaust air. In each flow path forming member, a corrugated spacing member is bonded to a planar member. This forms multiple flow paths between the spacing member and the planar member. Both the spacing member and the planar member are made of paper.

Each flow path forming member has a window section with a partition membrane stretched across it. In each flow path forming member, air from multiple flow paths merges at the window section. As a result, heat exchange occurs between the intake side air and the exhaust side air via the partition membrane at the window sections of adjacent flow path forming members.

At least one surface of the spacing member is coated with a reinforcing layer made of thermoplastic resin. This improves the strength of the spacing member in each flow path forming member, making the flow paths in each flow path forming member less likely to collapse.

Patent No. 5610777

In the conventional total heat exchange element disclosed in Patent Document 1, when heat exchange occurs between the intake air and the exhaust air, condensation can occur due to the temperature difference between the intake air and the exhaust air. The condensed water is absorbed by each flow path forming member made of paper.

However, in the conventional total heat exchange element disclosed in Patent Document 1, the formation of windows reduces the volume of each flow path forming member, significantly reducing the water absorption function of the flow path forming member. As a result, the flow path forming member is unable to absorb all of the condensed water, which can cause some of the condensed water to leak out of the total heat exchange element or cause the flow paths of the flow path forming member to become clogged with condensed water.

The present disclosure aims to solve the above-mentioned problems by providing a total heat exchange element that can prevent a decrease in the water absorption function of the spacing members while ensuring the strength of the spacing members.

The total heat exchange element according to the present disclosure comprises a plurality of partition members that separate alternatingly stacked first and second flow path layers, and a plurality of spacing members that are arranged on each of the first and second flow path layers and that maintain the spacing between the plurality of partition members. The first flow path layer has a first air flow path surrounded by the partition members and spacing members, and the second flow path layer has a second air flow path surrounded by the partition members and spacing members. Each spacing member has a plurality of porous layers that are stacked in the thickness direction of the spacing member, and each porous layer is made of a porous material, which is a mixture of pulp and resin, or paper. In each spacing member, at least two of the plurality of porous layers have different porosities.

According to the present disclosure, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the water absorption function of the spacing member while ensuring the strength of the spacing member.

1 is a perspective view showing a total heat exchange element according to a first embodiment. FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a partition member and a spacing member when a first flow path layer is cut in a plane perpendicular to the X direction in FIG. 1 . FIG. FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of a total heat exchange element according to a second embodiment.

The following describes embodiments of the subject matter of this disclosure with reference to the accompanying drawings. In each drawing, identical or corresponding parts are designated by the same reference numerals, and redundant explanations are appropriately simplified or omitted. The subject matter of this disclosure is not limited to the following embodiments, and any of the components of the embodiments may be modified or omitted as long as they do not deviate from the spirit of this disclosure.

Embodiment 1.
In this embodiment, a blower device is described that supplies outdoor air into a room as intake air and exhausts indoor air to the outdoors as exhaust air. The blower device is equipped with a total heat exchanger that exchanges sensible heat and latent heat between the intake air and the exhaust air. The total heat exchanger has a total heat exchange element. In the total heat exchanger, the intake air and the exhaust air pass through the total heat exchange element, thereby exchanging sensible heat and latent heat between the intake air and the exhaust air. This makes it possible to exchange indoor air with outdoor air while suppressing changes in the temperature and humidity of the indoor air.

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a total heat exchange element according to embodiment 1. In the total heat exchange element 1, first flow path layers 2 and second flow path layers 3 are alternately stacked. In the total heat exchange element 1, the stacking direction of the first flow path layers 2 and second flow path layers 3 is defined as the Z direction. The total heat exchange element 1 is arranged so that the Z direction coincides with the vertical direction. Furthermore, in the total heat exchange element 1, two directions that are perpendicular to each other in a plane perpendicular to the Z direction are defined as the X direction and the Y direction.

A plurality of first airflow paths 21 are formed in the first flow path layer 2. A plurality of second airflow paths 31 are formed in the second flow path layer 3. When the total heat exchange element 1 is viewed along the Z direction, each first airflow path 21 and each second airflow path 31 intersect with each other. In this embodiment, each first airflow path 21 is formed in the first flow path layer 2 along the X direction, and each second airflow path 31 is formed in the second flow path layer 3 along the Y direction. Therefore, in this embodiment, when the total heat exchange element 1 is viewed along the Z direction, each first airflow path 21 and each second airflow path 31 are perpendicular to each other.

Air supply from the outdoors to the indoors flows through each first airflow path 21 as a first airflow 10. Air exhaust from the indoors to the outdoors flows through each second airflow path 31 as a second airflow 20.

The total heat exchange element 1 has multiple partition members 4 and multiple spacing members 5. The total heat exchange element 1 is structured so that the partition members 4 and spacing members 5 are alternately stacked in the Z direction. The spacing members 5 are joined to the partition members 4 via joints 6.

Each partition member 4 is a flat plate perpendicular to the Z direction. The multiple partition members 4 are arranged at intervals in the Z direction. The first flow path layer 2 and the second flow path layer 3 are space layers formed between the multiple partition members 4. The partition members 4 separate the adjacent first flow path layers 2 and second flow path layers 3.

A moisture absorbent is added to the partition member 4. The moisture absorbent absorbs moisture in the air, for example, by deliquescence. This gives the partition member 4 a moisture-absorbing function that absorbs moisture in the air. Materials that can be used to form the partition member 4 include a mixture of pulp and resin, paper, resin, and metal foil. The moisture absorbent added to the partition member 4 is a water-soluble moisture absorbent such as an alkali metal salt or alkaline earth metal salt. An example of an alkali metal salt used as a moisture absorbent is lithium chloride. An example of an alkaline earth metal salt used as a moisture absorbent is calcium chloride. However, the moisture absorbent is not limited to these, and any water-soluble and hygroscopic substance can be used as the moisture absorbent for the partition member 4.

The spacing members 5 are arranged between each of the multiple partition members 4. As a result, a spacing member 5 is arranged on each of the first flow path layer 2 and the second flow path layer 3. The spacing members 5 maintain the spacing between the multiple partition members 4.

Each spacing member 5 is shaped like a corrugated sheet, with alternating peaks and valleys. The cross-sectional shape of each spacing member 5 may be a curved wave, rectangular wave, triangular wave, or other shape. The peaks and valleys of each spacing member 5 are connected to the partition members 4 located on both sides of the spacing member 5 via joints 6. A water-based adhesive, for example, is used for each joint 6.

In each first flow path layer 2, spaces surrounded by partition members 4 and spacing members 5 are formed as multiple first air flow paths 21. Each first air flow path 21 is formed along the peaks and valleys of the spacing members 5 arranged on the first flow path layer 2.

In each second flow path layer 3, spaces surrounded by partition members 4 and spacing members 5 are formed as multiple second air flow paths 31. Each second air flow path 31 is formed along the peaks and valleys of the spacing members 5 arranged on the second flow path layer 3.

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the partition member 4 and spacing member 5 when the first flow path layer 2 is cut in a plane perpendicular to the X direction in Figure 1. Each spacing member 5 arranged on the first flow path layer 2 and the second flow path layer 3 has a first exposed layer 51 and a second exposed layer 52.

The first exposed layer 51 and the second exposed layer 52 are two porous layers stacked in the thickness direction of the spacing member 5. Therefore, the spacing member 5 has a two-layer structure in which the first exposed layer 51 and the second exposed layer 52 are stacked. In the spacing member 5 arranged on the first flow path layer 2, the first exposed layer 51 and the second exposed layer 52 are each exposed to the first air flow path 21. In the spacing member 5 arranged on the second flow path layer 3, the first exposed layer 51 and the second exposed layer 52 are each exposed to the second air flow path 31.

In this embodiment, the first exposed layer 51 overlaps the upper surface of the second exposed layer 52 in the spacing member 5. The thicknesses of the first exposed layer 51 and the second exposed layer 52 may be different from each other or may be the same as each other.

Each of the first exposed layer 51 and the second exposed layer 52 is made of a porous material. A porous material is a material in which a plurality of fine pores are dispersed. The porous material that makes up each of the first exposed layer 51 and the second exposed layer 52 is a mixture of pulp and resin, or paper. This gives each of the first exposed layer 51 and the second exposed layer 52 the ability to absorb water.

The porosity of the first exposed layer 51 and the second exposed layer 52 are different from each other. The porosity of a porous layer is the ratio of the total volume of multiple pores to the entire volume of the porous layer. In this embodiment, the porosity of the first exposed layer 51 is higher than the porosity of the second exposed layer 52. Therefore, in this embodiment, the amount of water that can be absorbed by the first exposed layer 51 is greater than the amount of water that can be absorbed by the second exposed layer 52. That is, in this embodiment, the water absorption function of the first exposed layer 51 is higher than the water absorption function of the second exposed layer 52. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the porosity of the first exposed layer 51 is higher than the porosity of the second exposed layer 52, so the density of the porous material in the second exposed layer 52 is higher than the density of the porous material in the first exposed layer 51. Therefore, in this embodiment, the strength of the second exposed layer 52 is higher than the strength of the first exposed layer 51, and the decrease in strength due to water absorption of the second exposed layer 52 is more suppressed than the decrease in strength due to water absorption of the first exposed layer 51.

The first exposed layer 51 and the second exposed layer 52 are bonded to each other via an adhesive 53. In this embodiment, a water-based adhesive is used as the adhesive 53.

In the total heat exchange element 1, the first airflow 10 as supply air flows through each first airflow path 21, and the second airflow 20 as exhaust air flows through each second airflow path 31, thereby exchanging sensible heat and latent heat between the first airflow 10 and the second airflow 20 via the partition member 4. Latent heat is exchanged between the first airflow 10 and the second airflow 20 as moisture moves between them via the partition member 4. In the total heat exchange element 1, the partition member 4 is given a moisture absorption function, thereby improving the efficiency of latent heat exchange between the first airflow 10 and the second airflow 20. This, for example, prevents a decrease in the efficiency of heating and cooling due to indoor air conditioning.

A total heat exchanger having a total heat exchange element 1 may be installed in environments where there is a large temperature difference between the first airflow 10 serving as intake air and the second airflow 20 serving as exhaust air, such as in cold regions, bathrooms, and heated swimming pools. In such environments, for example, if the total heat exchanger is started up when no air conditioning is being used indoors, condensation may occur on the total heat exchange element 1 due to the temperature difference between the first airflow 10 and the second airflow 20 when heat is exchanged between them. Furthermore, depending on outdoor weather conditions, the condition of the outside air intake, and the condition of the air supply piping to the total heat exchanger, mist, rainwater, etc. may be supplied to the total heat exchange element 1 along with the intake air.

In such cases, water may increase in the total heat exchange element 1, causing the water to block at least one of the first airflow path 21 and the second airflow path 31. If at least one of the first airflow path 21 and the second airflow path 31 is blocked by water, the airflow through the first airflow path 21 and the second airflow path 31 may become uneven, potentially reducing the heat exchange efficiency of the total heat exchange element 1. Furthermore, if water increases in the total heat exchange element 1, there is a risk that the aqueous solution containing the moisture absorbent may leak out of the total heat exchange element 1 through the partition member 4. If the aqueous solution containing the moisture absorbent leaks out of the total heat exchange element 1, the aqueous solution may adhere to equipment installed outside the total heat exchange element 1, causing problems such as metal corrosion and tracking in the electrical system.

In this embodiment, water is absorbed into both the first exposed layer 51 and the second exposed layer 52. This prevents water from clogging the first airflow path 21 and the second airflow path 31, and also prevents the aqueous solution containing the moisture absorbent from leaking out of the total heat exchange element 1.

On the other hand, if the first exposed layer 51 and the second exposed layer 52 each absorb water, the spacing member 5 may lose the strength necessary to maintain the spacing between adjacent partition members 4, and at least one of the first airflow path 21 and the second airflow path 31 may collapse. If at least one of the first airflow path 21 and the second airflow path 31 collapses, an imbalance may occur in the airflow flowing through the first airflow path 21 and the second airflow path 31, and the heat exchange efficiency of the total heat exchange element 1 may decrease.

In this embodiment, because the density of the porous material in the second exposed layer 52 is higher than the density of the porous material in the first exposed layer 51, the decrease in strength due to water absorption in the second exposed layer 52 is less than the decrease in strength due to water absorption in the first exposed layer 51. As a result, even if the first exposed layer 51 and the second exposed layer 52 each absorb water, the strength of the spacing member 5 is ensured, and the first airflow path 21 and the second airflow path 31 are prevented from collapsing.

In this total heat exchange element 1, the first exposed layer 51 and the second exposed layer 52 are laminated in the thickness direction of each spacing member 5. The porous material in each of the first exposed layer 51 and the second exposed layer 52 is a mixed material of pulp and resin, or paper. The porosity of each of the first exposed layer 51 and the second exposed layer 52 is different from each other. Therefore, for example, water generated in the total heat exchange element 1 due to condensation or the like can be absorbed by each of the first exposed layer 51 and the second exposed layer 52. This prevents a reduction in the water absorption range of each spacing member 5 and prevents a decrease in the water absorption function of each spacing member 5. Furthermore, by making the porosity of the second exposed layer 52 lower than the porosity of the first exposed layer 51, the density of the porous material in the second exposed layer 52 can be made higher than the density of the porous material in the first exposed layer 51. This prevents a decrease in the strength of the second exposed layer 52 even if each of the first exposed layer 51 and the second exposed layer 52 absorbs water. This ensures that the spacing members 5 have the strength necessary to maintain the distance between the partition members 4. In other words, the strength of each spacing member 5 is ensured while preventing a decrease in the water absorption function of each spacing member 5.

In the above-described first embodiment, a moisture absorbent may be added to the spacing member 5. In this way, when water absorbed into the partition member 4 due to deliquescence of the moisture absorbent moves from the partition member 4 to the spacing member 5, for example, it is possible to prevent the moisture absorbent in the partition member 4 from leaking into the spacing member 5. In this case, a water-soluble moisture absorbent similar to the moisture absorbent added to the partition member 4 may be added to each spacing member 5. In this case, the moisture absorbent is added to at least one of the first exposed layer 51, the second exposed layer 52, and the adhesive 53. When a moisture absorbent is added to the adhesive 53, a water-solvent-based adhesive impregnated with a chemical solution containing the moisture absorbent may be used as the adhesive 53.

Embodiment 2.
Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a main part of a total heat exchange element according to embodiment 2. Fig. 3 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to Fig. 2 in embodiment 1. The configuration of the total heat exchange element according to this embodiment is the same as the configuration of the total heat exchange element 1 according to embodiment 1, except for the configuration of each spacing member 5.

Each spacing member 5 arranged on the first flow path layer 2 and the second flow path layer 3 has a first exposed layer 55, an intermediate layer 56, and a second exposed layer 57.

The first exposed layer 55, intermediate layer 56, and second exposed layer 57 are three porous layers stacked in the thickness direction of the spacing member 5. The spacing member 5 has a three-layer structure in which the first exposed layer 55, intermediate layer 56, and second exposed layer 57 are stacked in sequence. Therefore, the intermediate layer 56 is interposed between the first exposed layer 55 and the second exposed layer 57.

In the spacing member 5 arranged on the first flow path layer 2, the first exposed layer 55 and the second exposed layer 57 are exposed to the first air flow path 21. In the spacing member 5 arranged on the second flow path layer 3, the first exposed layer 55 and the second exposed layer 57 are exposed to the second air flow path 31.

In this embodiment, in the spacing member 5, the intermediate layer 56 is superimposed on the upper surface of the second exposed layer 57, and the first exposed layer 55 is superimposed on the upper surface of the intermediate layer 56. The thickness of the intermediate layer 56 may be different from the thicknesses of the first exposed layer 55 and the second exposed layer 57. Furthermore, the thicknesses of the first exposed layer 55 and the second exposed layer 57 may be different from each other or may be the same as each other. Furthermore, the thicknesses of the first exposed layer 55, intermediate layer 56, and second exposed layer 57 may all be the same.

Each of the first exposed layer 55, intermediate layer 56, and second exposed layer 57 is made of a porous material. The porous material that makes up each of the first exposed layer 55, intermediate layer 56, and second exposed layer 57 is a mixture of pulp and resin, or paper. As a result, each of the first exposed layer 55, intermediate layer 56, and second exposed layer 57 has a water-absorbing function.

The porosity of each of the first exposed layer 55 and the second exposed layer 57 is higher than the porosity of the intermediate layer 56. Therefore, the amount of water that can be absorbed by the first exposed layer 55 is greater than the amount of water that can be absorbed by the intermediate layer 56. Furthermore, the amount of water that can be absorbed by the second exposed layer 57 is also greater than the amount of water that can be absorbed by the intermediate layer 56. In other words, the water absorption function of each of the first exposed layer 55 and the second exposed layer 57 is higher than the water absorption function of the intermediate layer 56. The porosity of the first exposed layer 55 may be different from the porosity of the second exposed layer 57, or may be the same as the porosity of the second exposed layer 57. In this embodiment, the porosity of the first exposed layer 55 is the same as the porosity of the second exposed layer 57.

Furthermore, the density of the porous material in the intermediate layer 56 is higher than the density of the porous material in each of the first exposed layer 55 and the second exposed layer 57. Therefore, the strength of the intermediate layer 56 is higher than the strength of each of the first exposed layer 55 and the second exposed layer 57. Furthermore, the decrease in strength due to water absorption in the intermediate layer 56 is suppressed more than the decrease in strength due to water absorption in each of the first exposed layer 55 and the second exposed layer 57.

Each of the first exposed layer 55 and the second exposed layer 57 is adhered to the intermediate layer 56 via adhesive 53. In this embodiment, a water-solvent adhesive is used as the adhesive 53. The other configuration of the total heat exchange element 1 is the same as in embodiment 1.

Water generated by condensation or other causes in the total heat exchange element 1 is absorbed by the first exposed layer 55, the intermediate layer 56, and the second exposed layer 57. This prevents water from blocking the first airflow path 21 and the second airflow path 31, and also prevents the aqueous solution containing the hygroscopic agent from leaking out of the total heat exchange element 1.

Furthermore, when the first exposed layer 55, the intermediate layer 56, and the second exposed layer 57 each absorb water, the decrease in strength due to water absorption in the intermediate layer 56 is suppressed more than the decrease in strength due to water absorption in the first exposed layer 55 and the second exposed layer 57. As a result, even if the first exposed layer 55, the intermediate layer 56, and the second exposed layer 57 each absorb water, the strength of the spacing member 5 is ensured, and the first airflow path 21 and the second airflow path 31 are prevented from collapsing.

In this total heat exchange element 1, the intermediate layer 56 is interposed between the first exposed layer 55 and the second exposed layer 57. The porosity of each of the first exposed layer 55 and the second exposed layer 57 is higher than the porosity of the intermediate layer 56. This allows the water absorption function of each of the first exposed layer 55 and the second exposed layer 57 to be higher than that of the intermediate layer 56. This makes it easier for the first exposed layer 55 and the second exposed layer 57 to absorb water present around the spacing member 5. This therefore allows the spacing member 5 to more reliably absorb water generated in the total heat exchange element 1. Furthermore, the density of the porous material in the intermediate layer 56 can be higher than the density of the porous material in each of the first exposed layer 55 and the second exposed layer 57. This prevents a decrease in the strength of the intermediate layer 56 even if the first exposed layer 55, the intermediate layer 56, and the second exposed layer 57 each absorb water. This therefore ensures the strength of the spacing member 5 required to maintain the spacing between the partition members 4.

In the second embodiment, a moisture absorbent may be added to the spacing member 5. This prevents the moisture absorbent in the partition member 4 from leaking into the spacing member 5, for example, when water absorbed in the partition member 4 due to deliquescence of the moisture absorbent moves from the partition member 4 to the spacing member 5. In this case, each spacing member 5 may be added with a water-soluble moisture absorbent similar to the moisture absorbent added to the partition member 4. In this case, the moisture absorbent is added to at least one of the first exposed layer 55, the intermediate layer 56, the second exposed layer 57, and the adhesive 53. When a moisture absorbent is added to the adhesive 53, a water-solvent-based adhesive impregnated with a chemical solution containing the moisture absorbent may be used as the adhesive 53.

In addition, in the above-described first embodiment, the number of porous layers in the spacing member 5 is two: the first exposed layer 51 and the second exposed layer 52. In the above-described second embodiment, the number of porous layers in the spacing member 5 is three: the first exposed layer 55, the intermediate layer 56, and the second exposed layer 57. However, this is not limited to this, and the number of porous layers in the spacing member 5 may be four or more. In this case, of the four or more porous layers in each spacing member 5, at least two of the porous layers have different porosities. This also allows water to be absorbed by each of the four or more porous layers, thereby preventing a decrease in the water absorption function of the spacing member 5. Furthermore, of two porous layers with different porosities, the density of the porous material in one porous layer with a lower porosity can be made higher than the density of the porous material in the other porous layer with a higher porosity. This ensures that the spacing member 5 has the strength necessary to maintain the distance between the partition members 4, even if each porous layer absorbs water.

Furthermore, in each of the above embodiments, a flame retardant may be added to the adhesive 53. In this way, a flame retardant function can be imparted to the adhesive 53, making the total heat exchange element 1 less flammable. In this case, the flame retardant added to the adhesive 53 is a water-soluble flame retardant such as guanidine salts or inorganic salts. Guanidine salts and inorganic salts are substances that are often used to perform flame retardant and flameproofing treatments on paper. Examples of guanidine salts used as flame retardants include guanidine hydrochloride, guanidine sulfate, and guanidine sulfamate. Examples of inorganic salts used as flame retardants include ammonium sulfamate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium sulfate, calcium chloride, and magnesium chloride.

Furthermore, in each of the above embodiments, both a moisture absorbent and a flame retardant may be added to the adhesive 53. In this way, the effects of both the moisture absorbent and the flame retardant can be obtained simultaneously.

Furthermore, in each of the above embodiments, the spacing between adjacent partition members 4 is maintained by a corrugated sheet-like spacing member 5. However, the shape of the spacing member 5 is not limited to a corrugated sheet shape. For example, the spacing between adjacent partition members 4 may be maintained by arranging multiple plate pieces as spacing members 5 on each of the first flow path layer 2 and the second flow path layer 3.

Furthermore, in each of the above-mentioned embodiments, at least one of a moisture absorbent and a flame retardant may be added to the joint 6. That is, in each of the above-mentioned embodiments, a moisture absorbent may be added to the joint 6, or a flame retardant may be added to the joint 6. Furthermore, in each of the above-mentioned embodiments, both a moisture absorbent and a flame retardant may be added to the joint 6.

Adding a moisture absorbent to the joint 6 can prevent the moisture absorbent in the partition member 4 from leaking into the spacing member 5 when water absorbed in the partition member 4 moves from the partition member 4 to the spacing member 5, just as when a moisture absorbent is added to the spacing member 5. A water-soluble moisture absorbent similar to the moisture absorbent added to the partition member 4 may also be added to the joint 6.

Adding a flame retardant to the joint 6 can impart flame retardant properties to the joint 6, just as adding a flame retardant to the adhesive 53, making the total heat exchange element 1 less flammable. A water-soluble flame retardant similar to the flame retardant added to the adhesive 53 may also be added to the joint 6.

The configurations shown in the above embodiments are examples of the contents of this disclosure. The embodiments may be combined with other known technologies. Parts of the configurations of the embodiments may be omitted or modified without departing from the spirit of this disclosure.

1. Total heat exchange element, 2. First flow path layer, 3. Second flow path layer, 4. Partition member, 5. Spacing member, 21. First air flow path, 31. Second air flow path, 51. First exposed layer (porous layer), 52. Second exposed layer (porous layer), 53. Adhesive, 55. First exposed layer (porous layer), 56. Intermediate layer (porous layer), 57. Second exposed layer (porous layer).

Claims (4)

a plurality of partition members separating the first flow path layers and the second flow path layers that are alternately stacked;
a plurality of spacing members arranged on the first flow path layer and the second flow path layer, respectively, to maintain spacing between the plurality of partition members;
a first airflow path surrounded by the partition member and the spacing member is formed in the first flow path layer,
a second airflow path surrounded by the partition member and the spacing member is formed in the second flow path layer,
the spacing member has a plurality of porous layers stacked in a thickness direction of the spacing member,
Each of the porous layers is made of a porous material,
the porous material is a mixed material of pulp and resin, or paper;
In the spacing member, at least two of the plurality of porous layers have different porosities. In the spacing member, the plurality of porous layers are bonded to each other via an adhesive,
The total heat exchange element according to claim 1 , wherein the adhesive contains a moisture absorbent. In the spacing member, the plurality of porous layers are bonded to each other via an adhesive,
3. The total heat exchange element according to claim 1, wherein the adhesive contains a flame retardant. the spacing member has a first exposed layer, a second exposed layer, and an intermediate layer interposed between the first exposed layer and the second exposed layer;
the first exposed layer, the second exposed layer, and the intermediate layer are the plurality of porous layers;
The total heat exchange element according to claim 1 , wherein the porosity of each of the first exposed layer and the second exposed layer is higher than the porosity of the intermediate layer.