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WO2025201742A1 - Appareil, procédé et programme informatique pour le codage et le décodage de vidéo - Google Patents

Appareil, procédé et programme informatique pour le codage et le décodage de vidéo

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Publication number
WO2025201742A1
WO2025201742A1 PCT/EP2025/054311 EP2025054311W WO2025201742A1 WO 2025201742 A1 WO2025201742 A1 WO 2025201742A1 EP 2025054311 W EP2025054311 W EP 2025054311W WO 2025201742 A1 WO2025201742 A1 WO 2025201742A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
prediction
block
parameter
samples
coding
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English (en)
Inventor
Jani Lainema
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Nokia Technologies Oy
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Nokia Technologies Oy
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/102—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or selection affected or controlled by the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/117—Filters, e.g. for pre-processing or post-processing
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/134—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the element, parameter or criterion affecting or controlling the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/157—Assigned coding mode, i.e. the coding mode being predefined or preselected to be further used for selection of another element or parameter
    • H04N19/159—Prediction type, e.g. intra-frame, inter-frame or bidirectional frame prediction
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/10—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding
    • H04N19/169—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding
    • H04N19/17—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object
    • H04N19/176—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using adaptive coding characterised by the coding unit, i.e. the structural portion or semantic portion of the video signal being the object or the subject of the adaptive coding the unit being an image region, e.g. an object the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/50—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding
    • H04N19/593—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals using predictive coding involving spatial prediction techniques
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N19/00—Methods or arrangements for coding, decoding, compressing or decompressing digital video signals
    • H04N19/80—Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation
    • H04N19/82—Details of filtering operations specially adapted for video compression, e.g. for pixel interpolation involving filtering within a prediction loop

Definitions

  • Typical video codecs such as H.265/HEVC and H.266/VVC standards apply different kinds of means for predicting blocks of samples to be able to compress and represent image date efficiently.
  • different kinds of processes are used to smooth the predicted sample surface to attenuate noise and possible unwanted discontinuities in the predicted.
  • Such methods include, for example, intra reference sample smoothing, as well as position dependent prediction combination (PDPC).
  • a bilateral filter refers to a filter that adjusts its strength considering the characteristics of the input samples.
  • a bilateral filter can be used for smoothing either intra prediction reference samples or for smoothing intra prediction generated using either filtered or unfiltered reference samples, thereby improving coding efficiency by smoothing out potentially problematic features in the prediction.
  • bilateral filtering is typically computationally demanding operation that requires significant amount of sample level calculation to determine the strength of the filter prior to the actual filtering operations.
  • the increase in computational requirements grows even more significantly, if the bilateral filter is to be applied for multiple prediction blocks that are later blended, such as in decoder-side intra mode derivation (DIMD) or the fusion for templatebased intra mode derivation (TIMD).
  • DIMD decoder-side intra mode derivation
  • TMD templatebased intra mode derivation
  • a method comprises determining a block of samples to be predicted; determining a prediction mode for the block of samples; determining at least a first and a second initial representations for the block to be predicted based on the prediction mode; blending at least the first and the second initial representations to form a combined prediction block; determining at least one parameter of a bilateral filter based on the prediction mode; and applying the bilateral filter to the samples of the combined prediction block based on the determined at least one parameter.
  • An apparatus comprises means for determining a block of samples to be predicted; means for determining a prediction mode for the block of samples; means for determining at least a first and a second initial representations for the block to be predicted based on the prediction mode; means for blending at least the first and the second initial representations to form a combined prediction block; means for determining at least one parameter of a bilateral filter based on the prediction mode; and means for applying the bilateral filter to the samples of the combined prediction block based on the determined at least one parameter.
  • the apparatus comprises means for applying a first set of prediction parameters to determine the first initial representation and a second set of prediction parameters to determine the second initial representation.
  • the apparatus comprises means for applying constant weights for the at least first and second initial representations of the block to form the combined prediction block.
  • the apparatus comprises means for applying varying weights for the at least first and second initial representations of the block to form the combined prediction block.
  • the apparatus comprises means for deriving the at least one parameter of the bilateral filter based on a quantization parameter of the block and an offset. [0013] According to an embodiment, the apparatus comprises means for applying a prediction mode dependent offset upon deriving the at least one parameter of the bilateral filter based on a quantization parameter of the block. [0014] According to an embodiment, the apparatus comprises means for using the at least one parameter to select a row from a look-up table or a matrix.
  • the apparatus comprises means for using the at least one parameter to multiply at least one value that is derived from a predicted sample value.
  • the apparatus comprises means for using the at least one parameter to decide if the bilateral filter is applied to the combined prediction block or not.
  • Figure 4 shows schematically an electronic device suitable for employing embodiments of the invention
  • bitstream and coding structures, and concepts of H.264/AVC and HEVC are described in this section for providing background for a video encoder, decoder, encoding method, decoding method, and a bitstream structure, wherein the embodiments may be implemented.
  • Some of the key definitions, bitstream and coding structures, and concepts of H.264/AVC are the same as in HEVC - hence, they are described below jointly.
  • video is encoded in YUV or YCbCr color space as that is found to reflect some characteristics of human visual system and allows using lower quality representation for Cb and Cr channels as human perception is less sensitive to the chrominance fidelity those channels represent.
  • a picture may either be a frame or a field.
  • a frame comprises a matrix of luma samples and possibly the corresponding chroma samples.
  • a field is a set of alternate sample rows of a frame and may be used as encoder input, when the source signal is interlaced.
  • Chroma sample arrays may be absent (and hence monochrome sampling may be in use) or chroma sample arrays may be subsampled when compared to luma sample arrays.
  • Chroma formats may be summarized as follows:
  • each of the two chroma arrays has the same height and half the width of the luma array.
  • each of the two chroma arrays has the same height and width as the luma array.
  • each one of them is separately processed (by the encoder and/or the decoder) as a picture with monochrome sampling.
  • a partitioning may be defined as a division of a set into subsets such that each element of the set is in exactly one of the subsets.
  • a coding tree unit may be defined as a coding tree block of luma samples, two corresponding coding tree blocks of chroma samples of a picture that has three sample arrays, or a coding tree block of samples of a monochrome picture or a picture that is coded using three separate color planes and syntax structures used to code the samples.
  • a coding unit may be defined as a coding block of luma samples, two corresponding coding blocks of chroma samples of a picture that has three sample arrays, or a coding block of samples of a monochrome picture or a picture that is coded using three separate color planes and syntax structures used to code the samples.
  • a CU with the maximum allowed size may be named as LCU (largest coding unit) or coding tree unit (CTU) and the video picture is divided into non-overlapping LCUs.
  • a CU consists of one or more prediction units (PU) defining the prediction process for the samples within the CU and one or more transform units (TU) defining the prediction error coding process for the samples in the said CU.
  • PU prediction units
  • TU transform units
  • a CU consists of a square block of samples with a size selectable from a predefined set of possible CU sizes.
  • Each PU and TU can be further split into smaller PUs and TUs in order to increase granularity of the prediction and prediction error coding processes, respectively.
  • Each PU has prediction information associated with it defining what kind of a prediction is to be applied for the pixels within that PU (e.g. motion vector information for inter predicted PUs and intra prediction directionality information for intra predicted PUs).
  • Each TU can be associated with information describing the prediction error decoding process for the samples within the said TU (including e.g. DCT coefficient information). It is typically signalled at CU level whether prediction error coding is applied or not for each CU. In the case there is no prediction error residual associated with the CU, it can be considered there are no TUs for the said CU.
  • the division of the image into CUs, and division of CUs into PUs and TUs is typically signalled in the bitstream allowing the decoder to reproduce the intended structure of these units.
  • images can be split into independently codable and decodable image segments (slices or tiles).
  • a picture can be partitioned in tiles, which are rectangular and contain an integer number of LCUs.
  • the partitioning to tiles forms a regular grid, where heights and widths of tiles differ from each other by one LCU at the maximum.
  • a slice is defined to be an integer number of coding tree units contained in one independent slice segment and all subsequent dependent slice segments (if any) that precede the next independent slice segment (if any) within the same access unit.
  • a slice segment is defined to be an integer number of coding tree units ordered consecutively in the tile scan and contained in a single NAL unit.
  • each picture into slice segments is a partitioning.
  • an independent slice segment is defined to be a slice segment for which the values of the syntax elements of the slice segment header are not inferred from the values for a preceding slice segment
  • a dependent slice segment is defined to be a slice segment for which the values of some syntax elements of the slice segment header are inferred from the values for the preceding independent slice segment in decoding order.
  • a slice header is defined to be the slice segment header of the independent slice segment that is a current slice segment or is the independent slice segment that precedes a current dependent slice segment
  • a slice segment header is defined to be a part of a coded slice segment containing the data elements pertaining to the first or all coding tree units represented in the slice segment.
  • the decoder reconstructs the output video by applying prediction means similar to the encoder to form a predicted representation of the pixel blocks (using the motion or spatial information created by the encoder and stored in the compressed representation) and prediction error decoding (inverse operation of the prediction error coding recovering the quantized prediction error signal in spatial pixel domain). After applying prediction and prediction error decoding means the decoder sums up the prediction and prediction error signals (pixel values) to form the output video frame.
  • the decoder (and encoder) can also apply additional filtering means to improve the quality of the output video before passing it for display and/or storing it as prediction reference for the forthcoming frames in the video sequence.
  • a color palette based coding can be used.
  • Palette based coding refers to a family of approaches for which a palette, i.e. a set of colors and associated indexes, is defined and the value for each sample within a coding unit is expressed by indicating its index in the palette.
  • Palette based coding can typically achieve good coding efficiency in coding units with a relatively small number of colors (such as image areas which are representing computer screen content, like text or simple graphics).
  • a two-byte NAL unit header is used for all specified NAL unit types.
  • the NAL unit header contains one reserved bit, a six-bit NAL unit type indication, a three-bit nuh_temporal_id_plusl indication for temporal level (may be required to be greater than or equal to 1) and a six-bit nuh layer id syntax element.
  • the abbreviation TID may be used to interchangeably with the Temporalld variable.
  • NAL units can be categorized into Video Coding Layer (VCL) NAL units and non- VCL NAL units.
  • VCL NAL units are typically coded slice NAL units.
  • VCL NAL units contain syntax elements representing one or more CU.
  • a non-VCL NAL unit may be for example one of the following types: a sequence parameter set, a picture parameter set, a supplemental enhancement information (SEI) NAL unit, an access unit delimiter, an end of sequence NAL unit, an end of bitstream NAL unit, or a filler data NAL unit.
  • SEI Supplemental Enhancement Information
  • Parameter sets may be needed for the reconstruction of decoded pictures, whereas many of the other non-VCL NAL units are not necessary for the reconstruction of decoded sample values.
  • Parameters that remain unchanged through a coded video sequence may be included in a sequence parameter set.
  • VPS may provide information about the dependency relationships of the layers in a bitstream, as well as many other information that are applicable to all slices across all (scalability or view) layers in the entire coded video sequence.
  • VPS may be considered to comprise two parts, the base VPS and a VPS extension, where the VPS extension may be optionally present.
  • Out-of-band transmission, signaling or storage can additionally or alternatively be used for other purposes than tolerance against transmission errors, such as ease of access or session negotiation.
  • a sample entry of a track in a file conforming to the ISO Base Media File Format may comprise parameter sets, while the coded data in the bitstream is stored elsewhere in the file or in another file.
  • the phrase along the bitstream (e.g.
  • a coded video sequence is defined to be a sequence of consecutive access units in decoding order from an IDR access unit, inclusive, to the next IDR access unit, exclusive, or to the end of the bitstream, whichever appears earlier.
  • NoRaslOutputFlag is equal to 1 for each IDR picture, each BLA picture, and each IRAP picture that is the first picture in that particular layer in the bitstream in decoding order, is the first IRAP picture that follows an end of sequence NAL unit having the same value of nuh layer id in decoding order.
  • HandleCraAsBlaFlag may be set to 1 for example by a player that seeks to a new position in a bitstream or tunes into a broadcast and starts decoding and then starts decoding from a CRA picture.
  • HandleCraAsBlaFlag is equal to 1 for a CRA picture, the CRA picture is handled and decoded as if it were a BLA picture.
  • a Decoded Picture Buffer may be used in the encoder and/or in the decoder. There are two reasons to buffer decoded pictures, for references in inter prediction and for reordering decoded pictures into output order. As H.264/AVC and HEVC provide a great deal of flexibility for both reference picture marking and output reordering, separate buffers for reference picture buffering and output picture buffering may waste memory resources. Hence, the DPB may include a unified decoded picture buffering process for reference pictures and output reordering. A decoded picture may be removed from the DPB when it is no longer used as a reference and is not needed for output.
  • the reference picture for inter prediction is indicated with an index to a reference picture list.
  • the index may be coded with variable length coding, which usually causes a smaller index to have a shorter value for the corresponding syntax element.
  • two reference picture lists (reference picture list 0 and reference picture list 1) are generated for each bi-predictive (B) slice, and one reference picture list (reference picture list 0) is formed for each inter-coded (P) slice.
  • a reference picture index may be coded by an encoder into the bitstream is some inter coding modes or it may be derived (by an encoder and a decoder) for example using neighboring blocks in some other inter coding modes.
  • HEVC comprises 35 intra prediction modes, including a DC, a planar, and 33 angular (directional) prediction modes.
  • the DC and the planar mode are targeted at flat areas (i.e., the DC mode representing a block whose pixel values are constant across the block) or areas with few structure (i.e., the planar mode representing a block with pixel values gradually changing with a small planar gradient).
  • the angular modes provide directional prediction in a very granular way.
  • Motion parameter types or motion information may include but are not limited to one or more of the following types: an indication of a prediction type (e.g. intra prediction, uni-prediction, bi-prediction) and/or a number of reference pictures; an indication of a prediction direction, such as inter (a.k.a.
  • interlayer prediction inter- view prediction
  • view synthesis prediction VSP
  • intercomponent prediction which may be indicated per reference picture and/or per prediction type and where in some embodiments inter-view and view-synthesis prediction may be jointly considered as one prediction direction
  • an indication of a reference picture type such as a short-term reference picture and/or a long-term reference picture and/or an inter-layer reference picture (which may be indicated e.g. per reference picture) a reference index to a reference picture list and/or any other identifier of a reference picture (which may be indicated e.g.
  • a horizontal motion vector component (which may be indicated e.g. per prediction block or per reference index or alike); a vertical motion vector component (which may be indicated e.g. per prediction block or per reference index or alike); one or more parameters, such as picture order count difference and/or a relative camera separation between the picture containing or associated with the motion parameters and its reference picture, which may be used for scaling of the horizontal motion vector component and/or the vertical motion vector component in one or more motion vector prediction processes (where said one or more parameters may be indicated e.g.
  • coordinates of a block to which the motion parameters and/or motion information applies e.g. coordinates of the top-left sample of the block in luma sample units; extents (e.g. a width and a height) of a block to which the motion parameters and/or motion information applies.
  • MMVD Merge with MVD
  • the method comprises applying a first set of prediction parameters to determine the first initial representation and a second set of prediction parameters to determine the second initial representation.
  • At least two initial representations of a block are generated using different sets of prediction parameters, set SA and set SB.
  • a set of prediction parameters may comprise one or more prediction parameters, such as intra prediction mode (e.g. an integer number identifying what kind of a prediction process is used for the block), inter prediction mode, prediction type (e.g. if using planar, DC or directional prediction), prediction direction if directional prediction is used, and/or reference sample filtering mode, etc.
  • Each of the initial representations can include a sample value for each sample in the block.
  • the method comprises applying varying weights for the at least first and second initial representations of the block to form the combined prediction block.
  • the at least two initial representations are blended to form a combined prediction block either using constant or variable weights.
  • equal weights for the representations can be used generating an average of the sample values in the initial representations.
  • unequal weighting can be used to giving more weight for some (one) of the initial representations with respect to other(s).
  • the weighting may be determined, for example, by considering the distribution of the elements in a histogram of gradients (in DIMD) or considering differences in template costs (in TIMD).
  • a samplebased weighting can be used considering instead or in addition, distances of the predicted samples from different borders of the block.
  • a bilateral filter is applied to the combined prediction block.
  • the combined prediction block can be considered to be a smoother representation of the samples than what the initial representations were (for random samples following normal distribution and having a variance of v, the variance of average of N samples is v/N), it can be advantageous to determine or adjust the parameters of the bilateral filter considering the low variance nature of the combined representation.
  • the method comprises using the at least one parameter to select a row from a look-up table or a matrix.
  • a row can be selected from the following table using the quantization parameter (or using quantization parameter with some offset, for example, QP - 17) and the elements on the row can then be used to determine how much impact a sample with a certain deviation from the center sample of the bilateral filter should have when a certain QP is used.
  • d n sampleimp actLut[ QP — 17 ][ min(15, (abs(s n — s c ) + 4) » 3)]
  • QP is the quantization parameter used for the block
  • abs is a function calculating absolute value of its input
  • min is a function outputting the minimum of its inputs
  • » is used to denote bitwise shift to right.
  • a constant offset of 17 is used herein to pick a row from the samplelmpactLut.
  • Final output of the bilateral filter can then be calculated using the original center input s c and sum of sample impacts of its neighbors d n , which have optionally been scaled with position dependent scales Cn:
  • the method comprises applying a prediction mode dependent offset upon deriving the at least one parameter of the bilateral filter based on a quantization parameter of the block.
  • variable offset can be used to pick a row from the samplelmpactLut.
  • Such variable offset can be advantageously determined using the selected prediction mode.
  • a prediction mode dependent constant offset can be used.
  • offsets can be determined for different prediction modes. Also, different offsets can be determined for different categories of prediction modes. For example, inter prediction modes can use a different offset compared to intra prediction modes. Offset can depend also on other parameters, such as, the number of initial representations that are blended to form a combined prediction for a block of samples. As an example, there can be two sets of prediction parameters SA and set SB mapping to different prediction modes which can be configured to use two different quantization parameter offsets qpOffsetA and qpOffsetB:
  • the method comprises using the at least one parameter to multiply at least one value that is derived from a predicted sample value.
  • a common gain factor g can be determined based on, for example, the prediction mode or the number of initial representations that are used to generate the combined prediction block.
  • the common gain factor g can be then used to multiply the sum of individual impacts of the input samples de as follows:
  • Multiplications and summations can also here be performed at different accuracies using either integer, fixed point or floating point operations; and include additional offset, rounding and scaling operations relating to those.
  • the method comprises using the at least one parameter to decide if the bilateral filter is applied to the combined prediction block or not.
  • the usage of the bilateral filter on a prediction block can be conditioned to the intra prediction mode or the number of initial representations that are used to generate the combined prediction by blending the initial representations.
  • the bilateral filter can be enabled for a specific set of intra prediction modes, such as the directional prediction modes, but disabled for the DIMD mode which requires blending of multiple initial representations.
  • the bilateral filter can be enabled for a determined subset of intra prediction modes and disabled for all the modes that may require blending more than N initial representations to form the combined prediction.
  • the number of initial representations blended to form a prediction block can be determined and one of more parameters can be determined based on that number.
  • a one or more parameter of the bilateral filter can be determined based on the selected intra prediction mode; where the mode can further determine the number of initial representations or a range for the number of initial representations that can be blended to form the combined prediction block.
  • bilateral filtering can be performed with a first set of parameters.
  • the bilateral filtering can be performed using a second set of parameters, where the first set and second set of parameters differ from each other.
  • An apparatus comprises means for determining a block of samples to be predicted; means for determining a prediction mode for the block of samples; means for determining at least a first and a second initial representations for the block to be predicted based on the prediction mode; means for blending at least the first and the second initial representations to form a combined prediction block; means for determining at least one parameter of a bilateral filter based on the prediction mode; and means for applying the bilateral filter to the samples of the combined prediction block based on the determined at least one parameter.
  • the apparatus comprises means for applying a first set of prediction parameters to determine the first initial representation and a second set of prediction parameters to determine the second initial representation.
  • the apparatus comprises means for using the at least one parameter to select a row from a look-up table or a matrix.
  • the bilateral filter is enabled for a predetermined subset of intra prediction modes and disabled for all intra prediction modes requiring blending more than a predetermined number of initial representations to form the combined prediction.
  • an apparatus comprising: at least one processor and at least one memory, said at least one memory stored with code thereon, which when executed by said at least one processor, causes the apparatus to perform at least: determine a block of samples to be predicted; determine a prediction mode for the block of samples; determine at least a first and a second initial representations for the block to be predicted based on the prediction mode; blend at least the first and the second initial representations to form a combined prediction block; determine at least one parameter of a bilateral filter based on the prediction mode; and apply the bilateral filter to the samples of the combined prediction block based on the determined at least one parameter.
  • the apparatus comprises code configured to cause the apparatus to apply constant weights for the at least first and second initial representations of the block to form the combined prediction block.
  • the apparatus comprises code configured to cause the apparatus to derive the at least one parameter of the bilateral filter based on a quantization parameter of the block and an offset.
  • the apparatus comprises code configured to cause the apparatus to use the at least one parameter to decide if the bilateral filter is applied to the combined prediction block or not.
  • the bilateral filter is enabled for a predetermined set of intra prediction modes and disabled for intra prediction modes requiring blending of multiple initial representations.
  • Such apparatuses may comprise e.g. all or a subset of the functional units disclosed in any of the appended Figures la, lb, and 4 - 7 for implementing the embodiments.
  • Such an apparatus further comprises code, stored in said at least one memory, which when executed by said at least one processor, causes the apparatus to perform one or more of the embodiments disclosed herein.
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic block diagram of an exemplary apparatus or electronic device 50, which may incorporate a codec according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 5 shows a layout of an apparatus according to an example embodiment.
  • the electronic device 50 may for example be a mobile terminal or user equipment of a wireless communication system. However, it would be appreciated that embodiments of the invention may be implemented within any electronic device or apparatus which may require encoding and decoding or encoding or decoding video images.
  • the apparatus 50 may comprise a housing 30 for incorporating and protecting the device.
  • the apparatus 50 further may comprise a display 32 in the form of a liquid crystal display.
  • the display may be any suitable display technology suitable to display an image or video.
  • the apparatus 50 may further comprise a keypad 34.
  • any suitable data or user interface mechanism may be employed.
  • the user interface may be implemented as a virtual keyboard or data entry system as part of a touch-sensitive display.
  • the apparatus 50 may comprise a controller 56, processor or processor circuitry for controlling the apparatus 50.
  • the controller 56 may be connected to memory 58 which in embodiments of the invention may store both data in the form of image and audio data and/or may also store instructions for implementation on the controller 56.
  • the controller 56 may further be connected to codec circuitry 54 suitable for carrying out coding and decoding of audio and/or video data or assisting in coding and decoding carried out by the controller.
  • the apparatus 50 may further comprise a card reader 48 and a smart card 46, for example a UICC and UICC reader for providing user information and being suitable for providing authentication information for authentication and authorization of the user at a network.
  • a card reader 48 and a smart card 46 for example a UICC and UICC reader for providing user information and being suitable for providing authentication information for authentication and authorization of the user at a network.
  • the apparatus 50 may comprise a camera capable of recording or detecting individual frames which are then passed to the codec 54 or the controller for processing.
  • the apparatus may receive the video image data for processing from another device prior to transmission and/or storage.
  • the apparatus 50 may also receive either wirelessly or by a wired connection the image for coding/decoding.
  • the structural elements of apparatus 50 described above represent examples of means for performing a corresponding function.
  • the system 10 comprises multiple communication devices which can communicate through one or more networks.
  • the system 10 may comprise any combination of wired or wireless networks including, but not limited to a wireless cellular telephone network (such as a GSM, UMTS, CDMA network etc.), a wireless local area network (WLAN) such as defined by any of the IEEE 802.x standards, a Bluetooth personal area network, an Ethernet local area network, a token ring local area network, a wide area network, and the Internet.
  • a wireless cellular telephone network such as a GSM, UMTS, CDMA network etc.
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • the system 10 may include both wired and wireless communication devices and/or apparatus 50 suitable for implementing embodiments of the invention.
  • the system shown in Figure 9 shows a mobile telephone network 11 and a representation of the internet 28.
  • Connectivity to the internet 28 may include, but is not limited to, long range wireless connections, short range wireless connections, and various wired connections including, but not limited to, telephone lines, cable lines, power lines, and similar communication pathways.
  • the example communication devices shown in the system 10 may include, but are not limited to, an electronic device or apparatus 50, a combination of a personal digital assistant (PDA) and a mobile telephone 14, a PDA 16, an integrated messaging device (IMD) 18, a desktop computer 20, a notebook computer 22.
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • IMD integrated messaging device
  • the apparatus 50 may be stationary or mobile when carried by an individual who is moving.
  • the apparatus 50 may also be located in a mode of transport including, but not limited to, a car, a truck, a taxi, a bus, a train, a boat, an airplane, a bicycle, a motorcycle or any similar suitable mode of transport.
  • the embodiments may also be implemented in a set-top box; i.e. a digital TV receiver, which may/may not have a display or wireless capabilities, in tablets or (laptop) personal computers (PC), which have hardware or software or combination of the encoder/decoder implementations, in various operating systems, and in chipsets, processors, DSPs and/or embedded systems offering hardware/software based coding.
  • Some or further apparatus may send and receive calls and messages and communicate with service providers through a wireless connection 25 to a base station 24.
  • the base station 24 may be connected to a network server 26 that allows communication between the mobile telephone network 11 and the internet 28.
  • the system may include additional communication devices and communication devices of various types.
  • the communication devices may communicate using various transmission technologies including, but not limited to, code division multiple access (CDMA), global systems for mobile communications (GSM), universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS), time divisional multiple access (TDMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), transmission control protocol-internet protocol (TCP-IP), short messaging service (SMS), multimedia messaging service (MMS), email, instant messaging service (IMS), Bluetooth, IEEE 802.11 and any similar wireless communication technology.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • GSM global systems for mobile communications
  • UMTS universal mobile telecommunications system
  • TDMA time divisional multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • TCP-IP transmission control protocol-internet protocol
  • SMS short messaging service
  • MMS multimedia messaging service
  • email instant messaging service
  • Bluetooth IEEE 802.11 and any similar wireless communication technology.
  • a communications device involved in implementing various embodiments of the present invention may communicate using various media including, but not limited to, radio, infrared, laser, cable connections, and any suitable connection.
  • FIG. 7 is a graphical representation of an example multimedia communication system within which various embodiments may be implemented.
  • a data source 1510 provides a source signal in an analog, uncompressed digital, or compressed digital format, or any combination of these formats.
  • An encoder 1520 may include or be connected with a preprocessing, such as data format conversion and/or filtering of the source signal.
  • the encoder 1520 encodes the source signal into a coded media bitstream. It should be noted that a bitstream to be decoded may be received directly or indirectly from a remote device located within virtually any type of network. Additionally, the bitstream may be received from local hardware or software.
  • the encoder 1520 may be capable of encoding more than one media type, such as audio and video, or more than one encoder 1520 may be required to code different media types of the source signal.
  • the encoder 1520 may also get synthetically produced input, such as graphics and text, or it may be capable of producing coded bitstreams of synthetic media. In the following, only processing of one coded media bitstream of one media type is considered to simplify the description. It should be noted, however, that typically real-time broadcast services comprise several streams (typically at least one audio, video and text sub-titling stream). It should also be noted that the system may include many encoders, but in the figure only one encoder 1520 is represented to simplify the description without a lack of generality. It should be further understood that, although text and examples contained herein may specifically describe an encoding process, one skilled in the art would understand that the same concepts and principles also apply to the corresponding decoding process and vice versa.
  • the coded media bitstream may be transferred to a storage 1530.
  • the storage 1530 may comprise any type of mass memory to store the coded media bitstream.
  • the format of the coded media bitstream in the storage 1530 may be an elementary self-contained bitstream format, or one or more coded media bitstreams may be encapsulated into a container file, or the coded media bitstream may be encapsulated into a Segment format suitable for DASH (or a similar streaming system) and stored as a sequence of Segments. If one or more media bitstreams are encapsulated in a container file, a file generator (not shown in the figure) may be used to store the one more media bitstreams in the file and create file format metadata, which may also be stored in the file.
  • the encoder 1520 or the storage 1530 may comprise the file generator, or the file generator is operationally attached to either the encoder 1520 or the storage 1530.
  • Some systems operate “live”, i.e. omit storage and transfer coded media bitstream from the encoder 1520 directly to the sender 1540.
  • the coded media bitstream may then be transferred to the sender 1540, also referred to as the server, on a need basis.
  • the format used in the transmission may be an elementary self-contained bitstream format, a packet stream format, a Segment format suitable for DASH (or a similar streaming system), or one or more coded media bitstreams may be encapsulated into a container file.
  • the encoder 1520, the storage 1530, and the server 1540 may reside in the same physical device or they may be included in separate devices.
  • the encoder 1520 and server 1540 may operate with live real-time content, in which case the coded media bitstream is typically not stored permanently, but rather buffered for small periods of time in the content encoder 1520 and/or in the server 1540 to smooth out variations in processing delay, transfer delay, and coded media bitrate.
  • the server 1540 sends the coded media bitstream using a communication protocol stack.
  • the stack may include but is not limited to one or more of Real-Time Transport Protocol (RTP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), and Internet Protocol (IP).
  • RTP Real-Time Transport Protocol
  • UDP User Datagram Protocol
  • HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
  • TCP Transmission Control Protocol
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the server 1540 encapsulates the coded media bitstream into packets.
  • RTP Real-Time Transport Protocol
  • UDP User Datagram Protocol
  • HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
  • TCP Transmission Control Protocol
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • the sender 1540 may comprise or be operationally attached to a “sending file parser” (not shown in the figure).
  • a sending file parser locates appropriate parts of the coded media bitstream to be conveyed over the communication protocol.
  • the sending file parser may also help in creating the correct format for the communication protocol, such as packet headers and payloads.
  • the multimedia container file may contain encapsulation instructions, such as hint tracks in the ISOBMFF, for encapsulation of the at least one of the contained media bitstream on the communication protocol.
  • the server 1540 may or may not be connected to a gateway 1550 through a communication network, which may e.g. be a combination of a CDN, the Internet and/or one or more access networks.
  • the gateway may also or alternatively be referred to as a middle-box.
  • the gateway may be an edge server (of a CDN) or a web proxy. It is noted that the system may generally comprise any number gateways or alike, but for the sake of simplicity, the following description only considers one gateway 1550.
  • the gateway 1550 may perform different types of functions, such as translation of a packet stream according to one communication protocol stack to another communication protocol stack, merging and forking of data streams, and manipulation of data stream according to the downlink and/or receiver capabilities, such as controlling the bit rate of the forwarded stream according to prevailing downlink network conditions.
  • the gateway 1550 may be a server entity in various embodiments.
  • the system includes one or more receivers 1560, typically capable of receiving, demodulating, and de-capsulating the transmitted signal into a coded media bitstream.
  • the coded media bitstream may be transferred to a recording storage 1570.
  • the recording storage 1570 may comprise any type of mass memory to store the coded media bitstream.
  • the recording storage 1570 may alternatively or additively comprise computation memory, such as random access memory.
  • the format of the coded media bitstream in the recording storage 1570 may be an elementary self-contained bitstream format, or one or more coded media bitstreams may be encapsulated into a container file. If there are multiple coded media bitstreams, such as an audio stream and a video stream, associated with each other, a container file is typically used and the receiver 1560 comprises or is attached to a container file generator producing a container file from input streams. Some systems operate “live,” i.e. omit the recording storage 1570 and transfer coded media bitstream from the receiver 1560 directly to the decoder 1580. In some systems, only the most recent part of the recorded stream, e.g., the most recent 10-minute excerption of the recorded stream, is maintained in the recording storage 1570, while any earlier recorded data is discarded from the recording storage 1570.
  • the coded media bitstream may be transferred from the recording storage 1570 to the decoder 1580. If there are many coded media bitstreams, such as an audio stream and a video stream, associated with each other and encapsulated into a container file or a single media bitstream is encapsulated in a container file e.g. for easier access, a file parser (not shown in the figure) is used to decapsulate each coded media bitstream from the container file.
  • the recording storage 1570 or a decoder 1580 may comprise the file parser, or the file parser is attached to either recording storage 1570 or the decoder 1580. It should also be noted that the system may include many decoders, but here only one decoder 1580 is discussed to simplify the description without a lack of generality.
  • the coded media bitstream may be processed further by a decoder 1580, whose output is one or more uncompressed media streams.
  • a Tenderer 1590 may reproduce the uncompressed media streams with a loudspeaker or a display, for example.
  • the receiver 1560, recording storage 1570, decoder 1580, and Tenderer 1590 may reside in the same physical device or they may be included in separate devices.
  • a sender 1540 and/or a gateway 1550 may be configured to perform switching between different representations e.g. for switching between different viewports of 360-degree video content, view switching, bitrate adaptation and/or fast start-up, and/or a sender 1540 and/or a gateway 1550 may be configured to select the transmitted representation(s). Switching between different representations may take place for multiple reasons, such as to respond to requests of the receiver 1560 or prevailing conditions, such as throughput, of the network over which the bitstream is conveyed. In other words, the receiver 1560 may initiate switching between representations.
  • a request from the receiver can be, e.g., a request for a Segment or a Subsegment from a different representation than earlier, a request for a change of transmitted scalability layers and/or sub-layers, or a change of a rendering device having different capabilities compared to the previous one.
  • a request for a Segment may be an HTTP GET request.
  • a request for a Subsegment may be an HTTP GET request with a byte range.
  • bitrate adjustment or bitrate adaptation may be used for example for providing so-called fast start-up in streaming services, where the bitrate of the transmitted stream is lower than the channel bitrate after starting or random-accessing the streaming in order to start playback immediately and to achieve a buffer occupancy level that tolerates occasional packet delays and/or retransmissions.
  • Bitrate adaptation may include multiple representation or layer up-switching and representation or layer down-switching operations taking place in various orders.
  • a decoder 1580 may be configured to perform switching between different representations e.g. for switching between different viewports of 360-degree video content, view switching, bitrate adaptation and/or fast start-up, and/or a decoder 1580 may be configured to select the transmitted representation(s). Switching between different representations may take place for multiple reasons, such as to achieve faster decoding operation or to adapt the transmitted bitstream, e.g. in terms of bitrate, to prevailing conditions, such as throughput, of the network over which the bitstream is conveyed.
  • Faster decoding operation might be needed for example if the device including the decoder 1580 is multi-tasking and uses computing resources for other purposes than decoding the video bitstream.
  • faster decoding operation might be needed when content is played back at a faster pace than the normal playback speed, e.g. twice or three times faster than conventional real-time playback rate.
  • the embodiments of this invention may be implemented by computer software executable by a data processor of the mobile device, such as in the processor entity, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware.
  • any blocks of the logic flow as in the Figures may represent program steps, or interconnected logic circuits, blocks and functions, or a combination of program steps and logic circuits, blocks and functions.
  • the software may be stored on such physical media as memory chips, or memory blocks implemented within the processor, magnetic media such as hard disk or floppy disks, and optical media such as for example DVD and the data variants thereof, CD.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Compression Or Coding Systems Of Tv Signals (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé consistant à : déterminer un bloc d'échantillons à prédire ; déterminer un mode de prédiction pour le bloc d'échantillons ; déterminer au moins une première et une seconde représentations initiales pour le bloc à prédire sur la base du mode de prédiction ; mélanger au moins les première et seconde représentations initiales pour former un bloc de prédiction combiné ; déterminer au moins un paramètre d'un filtre bilatéral sur la base du mode de prédiction ; et appliquer le filtre bilatéral aux échantillons du bloc de prédiction combiné sur la base du ou des paramètres déterminés.
PCT/EP2025/054311 2024-03-28 2025-02-18 Appareil, procédé et programme informatique pour le codage et le décodage de vidéo Pending WO2025201742A1 (fr)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220124313A1 (en) * 2019-07-05 2022-04-21 Beijing Dajia Internet Information Technology Co., Ltd. Motion compensation using combined inter and intra prediction
WO2022268186A1 (fr) * 2021-06-25 2022-12-29 Beijing Bytedance Network Technology Co., Ltd. Conditions d'utilisation de filtres bilatéraux adaptatifs
WO2023020588A1 (fr) * 2021-08-19 2023-02-23 Mediatek Singapore Pte. Ltd. Affinement de vecteur de mouvement basé sur la mise en correspondance de modèles dans un système de codage vidéo
WO2024043745A1 (fr) * 2022-08-25 2024-02-29 엘지전자 주식회사 Procédé et appareil de codage/décodage d'image basé sur un mode d'intra-prédiction utilisant une ligne de référence multiple (mrl), et support d'enregistrement pour stocker un flux binaire

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220124313A1 (en) * 2019-07-05 2022-04-21 Beijing Dajia Internet Information Technology Co., Ltd. Motion compensation using combined inter and intra prediction
WO2022268186A1 (fr) * 2021-06-25 2022-12-29 Beijing Bytedance Network Technology Co., Ltd. Conditions d'utilisation de filtres bilatéraux adaptatifs
WO2023020588A1 (fr) * 2021-08-19 2023-02-23 Mediatek Singapore Pte. Ltd. Affinement de vecteur de mouvement basé sur la mise en correspondance de modèles dans un système de codage vidéo
WO2024043745A1 (fr) * 2022-08-25 2024-02-29 엘지전자 주식회사 Procédé et appareil de codage/décodage d'image basé sur un mode d'intra-prédiction utilisant une ligne de référence multiple (mrl), et support d'enregistrement pour stocker un flux binaire

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