WO2025201318A1 - Electronic device - Google Patents

Abstract

Provided in the present application is an electronic device. The electronic device comprises an antenna. The operating frequency band of the antenna comprises a satellite communication frequency band. The antenna comprises a radiating body and a parasitic stub, wherein the radiating body comprises a conductive portion of a top frame, and the parasitic stub comprises a conductive portion of a side frame. When the electronic device performs satellite communication by means of the antenna, the user experience can be improved.

Description

An electronic device

This application claims priority to the Russian Federation patent application filed with the Russian Federal Intellectual Property Office on March 29, 2024, application number 2024108430, application name “An electronic device”, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

Technical Field

The present application relates to the field of wireless communications, and in particular to an electronic device.

Background Art

Currently, existing terminal electronic devices use the frame as an antenna radiator. For example, in satellite communication systems, frame radiators are primarily used to form linearly polarized antennas. When using satellite communication, users need to point the antenna's area with good radiation characteristics (for example, the antenna's gain within this area is greater than or equal to AdBic, where A is the minimum gain required to meet communication requirements in the satellite communication system) toward the satellite to achieve satellite alignment (establishing a communication connection with the satellite).

However, during satellite communications, the relative position of the electronic device and the satellite changes. For example, if a low-orbit satellite moves, the satellite may move beyond the antenna's optimal radiation area. In this case, the user needs to adjust their grip or move the device to keep the satellite within the antenna's optimal radiation area to maintain tracking or establish a connection with a new satellite. Failure to do so can result in poor communication quality or even disconnection, significantly impacting the user's communication experience.

Summary of the Invention

The present application provides an electronic device including an antenna. The antenna's operating frequency band includes a satellite communications frequency band. The antenna utilizes conductive portions on different sides of its frame as radiators and parasitic branches, respectively, to enhance the user experience during satellite communications.

In a first aspect, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a floor; a frame, the frame comprising a first position, a second position, a third position, and a fourth position arranged in sequence, the frame comprising a first side, and a second side intersecting the first side at an angle, the length of the first side being less than the length of the second side, the first position and the second position being located on the first side, the frame having a first insulating gap and a second insulating gap at the first position and the second position, the third position and the fourth position being located on the second side, the frame being coupled to the floor or having an insulating gap at the third position, and being coupled to the floor or having an insulating gap at the fourth position; an antenna, the antenna comprising: a radiator and a first parasitic branch, the radiator comprising a conductive portion of the frame between the first position and the second position, the first parasitic branch It includes a conductive part of the frame between the third position and the fourth position, at least part of the radiator is spaced apart from the floor, and at least part of the first parasitic branch is spaced apart from the floor; a feeding circuit, the radiator includes a feeding point, and the feeding circuit is coupled with the feeding point; wherein, the radiator is used to generate a main resonance, the first parasitic branch is used to generate a first parasitic resonance, the frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the first parasitic resonance and the resonance point frequency of the main resonance is less than or equal to 500MHz, and the main resonance and the first parasitic resonance together form the first resonance; the resonant frequency band of the first resonance includes a first frequency band, and the first frequency band includes a transmitting frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band, or the resonant frequency band of the first resonance includes a second frequency band, and the second frequency band includes a receiving frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band.

According to an embodiment of the present application, when the frequency difference between the resonant point frequency of the first parasitic resonance and the resonant point frequency of the main resonance is less than or equal to 500MHz, the current on the first parasitic branch node and the current on the radiator are in the same direction (the current path is clockwise or counterclockwise). Moreover, since the radiator is located on the first side and the first parasitic branch node is located on the second side, the radiator and the first parasitic branch node can form a structure similar to a folded dipole antenna. Since the radiator and the first parasitic branch node can form a structure similar to an L-shaped dipole antenna, since only one end of the dipole antenna-like structure is bent, correspondingly, the beam width of the directional pattern generated by the antenna toward the side (bent side) of the first parasitic branch node 231 can be widened, so that 200 has a wide beam characteristic.

Therefore, the electronic device 10 has good communication characteristics within a range of relatively large angles (e.g., 40°, 50°, 60°, or 70°) relative to the top direction (the direction from the bottom of the electronic device to the top, e.g., the z-direction). For example, when a user performs satellite communication, the antenna has wide-beam characteristics, and the directional pattern generated by the antenna has good radiation characteristics within a relatively large angle. When the communication satellite moves within this angular range (e.g., within a range of 40°, 50°, 60°, or 70° relative to the top direction), it remains within the area of the electronic device where the antenna has good radiation characteristics, and good communication characteristics can still be maintained between the communication satellite and the electronic device.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna generates an efficiency pit at a first frequency point, and a frequency difference between a resonant point frequency of the first resonance and a frequency of the first frequency point is less than or equal to 500 MHz.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the coupling between the radiator and the first parasitic branch is weak, and the first parasitic resonance cannot be well excited. Therefore, the pit corresponding to the first parasitic resonance does not appear clearly in the S-parameter diagram. However, since the first parasitic resonance is excited by part of the current, an obvious pit will appear in the efficiency curve (for example, radiation efficiency or system efficiency). For example, if an efficiency pit appears at the first frequency point, the first frequency point can be considered to correspond to the resonance point of the above-mentioned first parasitic resonance. In one embodiment, the efficiency (for example, radiation efficiency or system efficiency) caused by the pit does not exceed 1.5dB. In one embodiment, the efficiency (for example, radiation efficiency or system efficiency) caused by the pit does not exceed 1dB.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, at the resonance point of the first resonance, the current on the radiator and the current on the first parasitic branch are in the same direction.

According to the embodiment of the present application, since the radiator is located at the first side and the first parasitic branch is located at the second side, the radiator and the first parasitic branch can form a structure similar to the folded dipole antenna in the above embodiment.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the first parasitic resonance and the resonance point frequency of the main resonance is greater than or equal to 50 MHz and less than or equal to 300 MHz.

According to the embodiment of the present application, when the frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the first parasitic resonance and the resonance point frequency of the main resonance is within the above range, the antenna has better wide beam characteristics.

In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the radiator further includes a first connection point, the first connection point and the feeding point are respectively located on both sides of the center of the radiator, and the lengths of the radiators on both sides of the center are the same; the antenna further includes a first element, and the first element is coupled between the first connection point and the floor.

According to an embodiment of the present application, since a feeding point is provided on one side of the center of the radiator, a first element may be provided on the other side of the center of the radiator to improve the symmetry of the antenna, thereby making the antenna have better radiation characteristics.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the frame has a third insulating gap at the third position, and the frame has a fourth insulating gap at the fourth position.

According to an embodiment of the present application, both ends of the first parasitic branch are open ends, forming an antenna structure similar to a dipole. The first parasitic branch operates in a half-wavelength mode.

In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the frame is coupled to the floor at the third position, and the frame has a fourth insulating gap at the fourth position.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the first parasitic branch has a grounded end at one end and an open end at the other end, forming a structure similar to an IFA. The first parasitic branch operates in a quarter-wavelength mode.

In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the first parasitic branch includes a second connection point and a third connection point, and the first parasitic branch has a fifth insulating gap between the second connection point and the third connection point; the antenna also includes a second element, and the second element is coupled between the second connection point and the third connection point.

According to an embodiment of the present application, a fifth insulating gap is provided on the first parasitic branch. This fifth insulating gap can be considered an equivalent capacitor (e.g., distributed capacitor) provided on the first parasitic branch. This equivalent capacitor enables the first parasitic branch to form a metamaterial structure. The first parasitic branch with this metamaterial structure can increase the radiation aperture. The presence of the fifth insulating gap further disperses the electric field and reduces dielectric loss near the conductor, thereby effectively improving the system efficiency and radiation efficiency of the antenna.

At the same time, by coupling the second element connected between the second connection point and the third connection point, the equivalent capacitance value of the fifth insulating gap can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the radiation characteristics of the antenna (for example, the resonance point frequency of the first parasitic resonance generated by the first parasitic branch).

In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the distance between the first connection point, the second connection point and the fifth insulation gap is less than or equal to 5 mm.

In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the antenna further includes a second parasitic branch, wherein the second parasitic branch includes a conductive portion of the frame between the second position and the third position; the second parasitic branch is used to generate a second parasitic resonance, and the resonance point frequency of the second parasitic resonance is higher than the resonance point frequency of the first resonance.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the second parasitic branch can be used to draw current flowing to the first parasitic branch, enhance the radiation characteristics of the first parasitic branch, and adjust the intensity of radiation generated by the antenna toward one side of the first parasitic branch, thereby adjusting the wide beam characteristics of the antenna.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a frequency difference between a resonance point frequency of the second parasitic resonance and a resonance point frequency of the first resonance is greater than 200 MHz.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the radiator further includes a fourth connection point; the antenna further includes a third element, and the third element is coupled between the fourth connection point and the floor.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the third element can be used to adjust the coupling amount between the second parasitic branch and the radiator, adjust the current flowing to the first parasitic branch, and thus adjust the radiation characteristics (for example, beam width) on the side toward the first parasitic branch in the radiation pattern generated by the antenna.

In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the frame further includes a third side that intersects the first side at an angle, the third side includes a fifth position and a sixth position, the fifth position is located between the sixth position and the first position, the frame is coupled to the floor or has an insulating gap at the fifth position, and is coupled to the floor or has an insulating gap at the sixth position; the antenna further includes a third parasitic branch, the third parasitic branch includes a conductive portion of the frame between the fifth position and the sixth position, at least part of the third parasitic branch is spaced apart from the floor; the third parasitic branch is used to generate a third parasitic resonance, the frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the third parasitic resonance and the resonance point frequency of the main resonance is less than or equal to 500 MHz, and the main resonance, the first parasitic resonance and the third parasitic resonance together form the first resonance.

According to an embodiment of the present application, since the radiator is located on the first side, the first parasitic branch is located on the second side, and the third parasitic branch is located on the third side, the radiator, the first parasitic branch, and the third parasitic branch can form a structure similar to the folded dipole antenna in the above-mentioned embodiment. Since both ends of the dipole antenna-like structure are bent, the antenna can correspondingly enhance radiation toward the first parasitic branch by the first parasitic branch, and enhance radiation toward the third parasitic branch by the third parasitic branch, thereby widening the beam width of the antenna's directional pattern toward both sides of the top direction.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna generates an efficiency pit at a second frequency point, and a frequency difference between a resonance point frequency of the first resonance and a frequency of the second frequency point is less than or equal to 500 MHz.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, at the resonance point of the first resonance, the current on the radiator, the current on the first parasitic branch, and the current on the third parasitic branch have the same direction.

According to an embodiment of the present application, when the current on the first parasitic branch, the current on the third parasitic branch, and the current on the radiator are transmitted clockwise or counterclockwise, the radiator, the first parasitic branch, and the third parasitic branch can better form a structure similar to the folded dipole antenna in the above embodiment, thereby expanding the beam width of the antenna.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the frame has a sixth insulating gap at the fifth position, and the frame has a seventh insulating gap at the sixth position.

According to an embodiment of the present application, both ends of the third parasitic branch are open ends, forming a dipole-like antenna structure. The third parasitic branch operates in a half-wavelength mode.

In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the frame is coupled to the floor at the fifth position, and the frame has an eighth insulating gap at the sixth position.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the third parasitic branch 233 has a grounded end and an open end, forming a structure similar to an IFA. The third parasitic branch 233 operates in a quarter-wavelength mode.

In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the third parasitic branch includes a fifth connection point and a sixth connection point, and the third parasitic branch has an eighth insulating gap between the fifth connection point and the sixth connection point; the antenna also includes a fourth element, and the fourth element is coupled between the fifth connection point and the sixth connection point.

According to the embodiment of the present application, the third parasitic branch has a grounded end and an open end, and has an eighth insulating gap, forming the metamaterial structure in the above embodiment. The third parasitic branch 233 operates in a quarter-wavelength mode.

In combination with the first aspect, in certain implementations of the first aspect, the antenna further includes a fourth parasitic branch, wherein the fourth parasitic branch includes a conductive portion of the frame between the first position and the fifth position; the fourth parasitic branch is used to generate a fourth parasitic resonance, and the resonance point frequency of the fourth parasitic resonance is higher than the resonance point frequency of the first resonance.

According to an embodiment of the present application, the fourth parasitic branch can be used to draw current flowing to the third parasitic branch, enhance the radiation characteristics of the third parasitic branch, adjust the intensity of radiation generated by the antenna toward the side of the third parasitic branch, and thus adjust the beam width of the antenna toward the side of the third parasitic branch.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a frequency difference between a resonance point frequency of the fourth parasitic resonance and a resonance point frequency of the first resonance is greater than 200 MHz.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first frequency band is in the range of 1.5 GHz to 4.5 GHz, or the second frequency band is in the range of 1.5 GHz to 4.5 GHz.

In combination with the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the feeding circuit is used to transmit radio frequency signals in the first frequency band and radio frequency signals in the second frequency band.

In a second aspect, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a floor; a frame, the frame comprising a first position, a second position, a third position and a fourth position arranged in sequence, the frame comprising a first side and a second side intersecting the first side at an angle, the length of the first side being less than the length of the second side, the first position and the second position being located on the first side, the frame having a first insulating gap and a second insulating gap at the first position and the second position, the third position and the fourth position being located on the second side, the frame being coupled to the floor or having an insulating gap at the third position, and being coupled to the floor or having an insulating gap at the fourth position; an antenna, the antenna comprising: a first radiator and a second radiator, the first radiator comprising the frame between the first position and the second position The conductive part of the second radiator includes the conductive part of the frame between the third position and the fourth position, at least part of the first radiator is spaced apart from the floor, and at least part of the second radiator is spaced apart from the floor; a power division phase shift circuit, the first radiator includes a first feeding point, the second radiator includes a second feeding point, the first port of the power division phase shift circuit is coupled with the first feeding point, and the second port is coupled with the second feeding point; wherein the phase difference between the first port and the second port is greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 45°; the power division phase shift circuit is used to transmit radio frequency signals of a first frequency band and radio frequency signals of a second frequency band, the first frequency band includes a transmitting frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band, and the second frequency band includes a receiving frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band.

In combination with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the first radiator and the second radiator are used to generate a first resonance, and a resonant frequency band of the first resonance includes the first frequency band or the second frequency band.

In combination with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, at the resonance point of the first resonance, the current on the radiator and the current on the first parasitic branch are in the same direction.

In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the first radiator further includes a first connection point, and the first connection point and the first feeding point are respectively located on both sides of the center of the first radiator, and the lengths of the first radiators on both sides of the center are the same; the antenna further includes a first element, and the first element is coupled between the first connection point and the floor.

In combination with the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the frame has a third insulating gap at the third position, and the frame has a fourth insulating gap at the fourth position.

In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the frame is coupled to the floor at the third position, and the frame has a fourth insulating gap at the fourth position.

In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the second radiator includes a second connection point and a third connection point, and the second radiator has a fifth insulating gap between the second connection point and the third connection point; the antenna also includes a second element, and the second element is coupled between the second connection point and the third connection point.

In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the distance between the first connection point, the second connection point 222 and the fifth insulation gap is less than or equal to 5 mm.

In combination with the second aspect, in certain implementations of the second aspect, the frame also includes a third side that intersects the first side at an angle, the third side includes a fifth position and a sixth position, the fifth position is located between the sixth position and the first position, the frame is coupled to the floor or has an insulating gap at the fifth position, and is coupled to the floor or has an insulating gap at the sixth position; the antenna also includes a third radiator, the third radiator includes a conductive part of the frame between the fifth position and the sixth position, and at least part of the third radiator is spaced apart from the floor; the third radiator includes a third feeding point, and the third port of the power divider phase shift circuit is coupled to the third feeding point; wherein the phase difference between the third port and the second port is greater than or equal to 150° and less than or equal to 210°.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of the common mode of an antenna provided in the present application and the corresponding distribution of current and electric field.

FIG3 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a differential mode of an antenna provided in the present application and the corresponding distribution of current and electric field.

FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a satellite communication usage scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a dipole antenna 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG6 is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of a dipole antenna 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG7 is a two-dimensional radiation pattern of a dipole antenna 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG8 is a three-dimensional radiation pattern of a dipole antenna 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG9 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG10 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG11 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG12 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of current distribution of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG. 11 .

FIG. 14 shows simulation results of the radiation efficiency of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG. 11 .

FIG15 is a directional diagram of the antenna 200 when the distance between the third position and the first edge in the extending direction of the second edge in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG11 is 0 mm.

FIG16 is a directional diagram of the antenna 200 when the distance between the third position and the first edge in the extending direction of the second edge in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG11 is 10 mm.

FIG17 is a directional diagram of the antenna 200 when the distance between the third position and the first edge in the extending direction of the second edge in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG11 is 20 mm.

FIG18 is a directional diagram of the antenna 200 when the distance between the third position and the first edge in the extending direction of the second edge in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG11 is 30 mm.

FIG19 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 20 shows S parameters of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG. 19 .

FIG. 21 shows simulation results of the radiation efficiency of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG. 19 .

FIG22 is a two-dimensional radiation pattern generated when the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG19 is not provided with parasitic stubs (the first parasitic stub 231 and the second parasitic stub 232 ).

FIG23 is a two-dimensional directional pattern generated when the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG19 is provided with a first parasitic stub 231 and a second parasitic stub 232 .

FIG24 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram showing current distribution of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG. 24 .

FIG. 26 shows a directional pattern generated when the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG. 24 is not provided with parasitic stubs (the first parasitic stub 231 and the third parasitic stub 233 ).

FIG. 27 is a directional diagram generated when the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG. 24 is provided with the first parasitic branch 231 and the third parasitic branch 233 .

FIG28 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG29 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG30 is a directional pattern generated when the antenna 200 of the electronic device 10 shown in FIG29 is not provided with the second radiator 320 .

FIG31 is a directional pattern generated when the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG29 is provided with a second radiator 320 .

FIG32 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

FIG33 is a directional pattern generated when the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG32 is not provided with the second radiator 320 and the third radiator 340 .

FIG34 is a directional pattern generated when the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG32 is provided with the second radiator 320 and the third radiator 340 .

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following explains the terms that may appear in the embodiments of the present application.

It should be understood that the term "and/or" as used herein is simply a term used to describe the existence of three possible relationships between related objects. For example, "A and/or B" can represent the existence of A alone, the existence of both A and B, and the existence of B alone. Furthermore, the character "/" in this document generally indicates that the related objects are in an "or" relationship.

When used in this application, "within the range of...", unless it is specifically stated that the end value is not included, it is assumed that both end values of the range are included. For example, in the range of 1 to 5, the two values 1 and 5 are included.

Coupling: can be understood as direct coupling and/or indirect coupling, and "coupling connection" can be understood as direct coupling connection and/or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can also be referred to as "electrical connection", which is understood as the physical contact and electrical conduction between components; it can also be understood as the form in which different components in the circuit structure are connected through physical lines such as printed circuit board (PCB) copper foil or wires that can transmit signals; "indirect coupling" can be understood as two conductors being electrically connected in an airless/non-contact manner. In one embodiment, indirect coupling can also be referred to as capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is achieved by coupling between the gap between two conductive parts to form an equivalent capacitor.

Component/device: includes at least one of lumped component/device and distributed component/device.

Lumped components/devices: A collective term for all components whose size is significantly smaller than the wavelength of the circuit's operating frequency. For signals, the component's characteristics remain constant at all times, independent of frequency. Lumped components/devices can include lumped capacitors, lumped inductors, and other components.

Distributed components/devices: Unlike lumped components, when a signal passes through a component, the characteristics of each point within the component will vary due to changes in the signal. Therefore, the component as a whole cannot be considered a single entity with fixed characteristics. Instead, it should be called a distributed component. Distributed components/devices can include distributed capacitance, distributed inductance, etc.

Capacitance: This can be understood as lumped capacitance and/or distributed capacitance. Lumped capacitance includes capacitive components, such as capacitors; distributed capacitance (or distributed capacitance) includes the equivalent capacitance formed by two conductive parts separated by a certain gap.

Inductance: This can be understood as lumped inductance and/or distributed inductance. Lumped inductance includes inductive components, such as inductors; distributed inductance (or distributed inductance) includes the equivalent inductance formed by a certain length of conductive material, such as the equivalent inductance formed by the curling or rotation of the conductor.

Radiator: A device in an antenna used to receive/send electromagnetic wave radiation. In some cases, the narrow meaning of "antenna" is the radiator, which converts the guided wave energy from the transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into guided wave energy, used to radiate and receive radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or guided wave energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiator via the feeder line, where it is converted into a certain polarized electromagnetic wave energy and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiator converts the electromagnetic wave energy of a certain polarization from a specific direction in space into modulated high-frequency current energy and transmits it to the receiver input via the feeder line.

The radiator may include a conductor with a specific shape and size, such as a linear or sheet shape, etc., and the present application does not limit the specific shape. In one embodiment, the linear radiator can be simply referred to as a linear antenna. In one embodiment, the linear radiator can be implemented by a conductive frame, and can also be called a frame antenna. In one embodiment, the linear radiator can be implemented by a bracket conductor, and can also be called a bracket antenna. In one embodiment, the linear radiator, or the radiator of the linear antenna, has a wire diameter (for example, including thickness and width) much smaller than the wavelength (for example, the wavelength of the medium) (for example, less than 1/16 of the wavelength), and the length can be compared with the wavelength (for example, the wavelength of the medium) (for example, the length is about 1/8 of the wavelength, or 1/8 to 1/4, or 1/4 to 1/2, or longer). The main forms of linear antennas are dipole antennas, half-wave oscillator antennas, monopole antennas, loop antennas, and inverted F antennas (also known as IFA, Inverted F Antenna). For example, for a dipole antenna, each dipole antenna typically includes two radiating branches, each of which is fed by a feed unit from the feed end of the radiating branch. For example, an inverted-F antenna (IFA) can be considered a monopole antenna with a ground path added. The IFA antenna has a feed point and a ground point and is called an inverted-F antenna because its side view is an inverted-F shape. In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a microstrip antenna or a patch antenna, such as a planar inverted-F antenna (also known as a PIFA). In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may be implemented by a planar conductor (such as a conductive sheet or a conductive coating). In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a conductive sheet, such as a copper sheet. In one embodiment, the sheet radiator may include a conductive coating, such as a silver paste. The shape of the sheet radiator includes circular, rectangular, annular, etc., and this application does not limit the specific shape. The structure of a microstrip antenna generally consists of a dielectric substrate, a radiator, and a ground plane, wherein the dielectric substrate is disposed between the radiator and the ground plane.

The radiator may also include a slot or slot formed in a conductor, for example, a closed or semi-closed slot or slot formed in a grounded conductor surface. In one embodiment, a slotted or slotted radiator may be referred to as a slot antenna or slot antenna. In one embodiment, the radial dimension (e.g., including the width) of the slot or slot of the slot antenna/slot antenna is much smaller than the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., less than 1/16 of the wavelength), and the length dimension may be comparable to the wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength) (e.g., the length is approximately 1/8 of the wavelength, or 1/8 to 1/4, or 1/4 to 1/2, or longer). In one embodiment, a radiator with a closed slot or slot may be referred to as a closed slot antenna. In one embodiment, a radiator with a semi-closed slot or slot (e.g., a closed slot or slot with an additional opening) may be referred to as an open slot antenna. In some embodiments, the slot is elongated. In some embodiments, the slot is approximately half a wavelength (e.g., the dielectric wavelength). In some embodiments, the slot is approximately an integer multiple of the wavelength (e.g., one wavelength). In some embodiments, the slot can be fed with a transmission line spanning one or both sides, thereby exciting a radio frequency electromagnetic field in the slot and radiating electromagnetic waves into space. In one embodiment, the radiator of a slot antenna or slot antenna can be implemented as a conductive frame with both ends grounded, also known as a frame antenna. In this embodiment, the slot antenna or slot antenna can be considered to include a linear radiator spaced from the floor and grounded at both ends, thereby forming a closed or semi-enclosed slot or slot. In one embodiment, the radiator of a slot antenna or slot antenna can be implemented as a bracket conductor with both ends grounded, also known as a bracket antenna.

The feed circuit is a circuit used for receiving and/or transmitting radio frequency signals. The feed circuit may include a transceiver and a radio frequency front end circuit (RF front end). In some cases, the "feed circuit" is understood in a narrow sense as a radio frequency chip (RFIC, Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit), and the RFIC can be considered to include a radio frequency front end circuit (or radio frequency front end chip) and a transceiver. The feed circuit has the function of converting radio waves (for example, radio frequency signals) and signals (for example, digital signals). Generally, it is considered to be the radio frequency part.

In some embodiments, the electronic device may also include a test socket (or RF socket or RF test socket). This test socket can be used to insert a coaxial cable and test the characteristics of the RF front-end circuit or antenna radiator through the cable. The RF front-end circuit can be considered as the circuit portion coupled between the test socket and the transceiver.

In some embodiments, the RF front-end circuit may be integrated into a RF front-end chip in the electronic device, or the RF front-end circuit and the transceiver may be integrated into a RF chip in the electronic device.

It should be understood that any two feeding circuits in the first/second/...Nth feeding circuits in the present application may include the same transceiver, for example, a transmitting channel in a transceiver serves as the first feeding circuit and a receiving channel serves as the second feeding circuit, or, for example, the first receiving channel in a transceiver serves as the first feeding circuit and the second receiving channel serves as the second feeding circuit; any two feeding circuits in the first/second/...Nth feeding circuits in the present application may also include the same RF front-end circuit, for example, processing signals through a tuning circuit or amplifier in an RF front-end circuit.

It should also be understood that two feeding circuits in the first/second/...Nth feeding circuit in the present application usually correspond to two radio frequency test sockets in the electronic device.

A matching circuit is a circuit used to adjust the radiation characteristics of an antenna. In one embodiment, the matching circuit is coupled between the feed circuit and the corresponding radiator. In another embodiment, the matching circuit is coupled between the test socket and the radiator. Typically, the matching circuit is a combination of circuits coupled between the radiator and the ground plane. In one embodiment, the matching circuit may include a tuning circuit and/or element, and the tuning circuit may be an element used to switch the coupling connection of the radiator. The matching circuit performs impedance matching and/or frequency tuning functions. Generally, it is considered to be part of the antenna.

The grounding structure/feeding structure may include a connector, such as a metal spring, through which the radiator is coupled to the floor/feeding structure is coupled to the feeding circuit. In some embodiments, the feeding structure may include a transmission line/feeding line, and the grounding structure may include a grounding wire.

End/Point: The "end/point" in the terms "first end/second end/feeding end/grounding end/feeding point/grounding point/connection point" of an antenna radiator should not be narrowly understood as an endpoint or end physically disconnected from other radiators. It can also be considered as a point or segment on a continuous radiator. In one embodiment, an "end/point" may include a connection/coupling area on an antenna radiator that couples to other conductive structures. For example, a feeding end/feeding point may be a coupling area on an antenna radiator that couples to a feeding structure or feeding circuit (e.g., an area facing a portion of the feeding circuit). In another example, a grounding end/grounding point may be a connection/coupling area on an antenna radiator that couples to a grounding structure or grounding circuit. Open End, Closed End: In some embodiments, open end and closed end refer to, for example, whether or not the antenna is grounded. A closed end is grounded, while an open end is not. In some embodiments, open end and closed end refer to, for example, other conductive bodies. A closed end is electrically connected to other conductive bodies, while an open end is not electrically connected to other conductive bodies. In one embodiment, an open end may also be referred to as a floating end, a free end, an open end, or an open circuit end. In one embodiment, the closed end may also be referred to as a ground end or a short-circuit end. It should be understood that in some embodiments, other conductors may be coupled to each other through the open end to transfer coupling energy (which may be understood as transferring current).

In some embodiments, the "closed end" can also be understood from the perspective of current distribution. The closed end or the grounded end can be understood as a point with larger current on the radiator, or as a point with smaller electric field on the radiator. In one embodiment, the current distribution characteristics of larger current/smaller electric field can be maintained by coupling electronic devices (for example, capacitors, inductors, etc.) through the closed end. In one embodiment, the current distribution characteristics of larger current/smaller electric field can be maintained by opening a gap at or near the closed end (for example, a gap filled with insulating material).

In some embodiments, the understanding of "open end" can also be viewed from the perspective of current distribution. The open end or floating end can be understood as a point with low current on the radiator, or as a point with high electric field on the radiator. In one embodiment, coupling electronic devices (for example, capacitors, inductors, etc.) through the open end can maintain the current distribution characteristics of the low current point/high electric field point.

It should be understood that coupling the radiator end at a gap (from the perspective of the radiator structure, it is similar to the radiator at the opening of the open end or the suspended end) with electronic devices (for example, capacitors, inductors, etc.) can make the radiator end a point with larger current/smaller electric field. In this case, it should be understood that the radiator end at the gap is actually a closed end or a grounded end, etc.

The “suspended radiator” mentioned in the embodiments of the present application means that the radiator is not directly connected to the feed line/feed branch and/or the ground line/ground branch, but is fed and/or grounded through indirect coupling.

It should be understood that the "suspended" in "suspended end" and "suspended radiator" does not mean that there is no structure around the radiator to support it. In one embodiment, the suspended radiator can be, for example, a radiator disposed on the inner surface of the insulating back cover.

The current same direction/reverse direction mentioned in the embodiments of the present application should be understood as the direction of the main current on the conductor on the same side is the same direction/reverse direction. For example, when stimulating a unidirectional distributed current on a conductor that is bent or ring-shaped (for example, the current path is also bent or ring-shaped), it should be understood that, for example, the main currents stimulated on the conductors on both sides of the ring conductor (for example, a conductor surrounding a gap, on the conductors on both sides of the gap) are opposite in direction, which still falls within the definition of the unidirectional distributed current in the embodiments of the present application. In one embodiment, the current same direction on a conductor can refer to the current on the conductor having no reversal point. In one embodiment, the current reverse on a conductor can refer to the current on the conductor having at least one reversal point. In one embodiment, the current same direction on two conductors can refer to the current on both conductors having no reversal point and flowing in the same direction. In one embodiment, the current reverse on two conductors can refer to the current on both conductors having no reversal point and flowing in opposite directions. The current same direction/reversal on multiple conductors can be understood accordingly.

Resonance/resonance frequency: The resonant frequency is also called the resonance frequency. The resonant frequency can have a frequency range, that is, the frequency range in which resonance occurs. The frequency corresponding to the strongest resonance point is the center frequency point frequency. The return loss characteristic of the center frequency can be less than -20dB. It should be understood that, unless otherwise specified, the antenna/radiator mentioned in this application produces a "first/second... resonance", where the first resonance should be the fundamental mode resonance generated by the antenna/radiator, or in other words, the lowest frequency resonance generated by the antenna/radiator. It should be understood that the antenna/radiator can generate one or more antenna modes according to the specific design, and each antenna mode can generate a corresponding fundamental mode resonance.

Resonant frequency band: The range of the resonant frequency is the resonant frequency band. The return loss characteristic of any frequency point in the resonant frequency band can be less than -6dB or -5dB.

Communication frequency band/operating frequency band: Regardless of the type of antenna, it always operates within a certain frequency range (bandwidth). For example, an antenna that supports the B40 frequency band operates between 2300MHz and 2400MHz, or in other words, the antenna's operating frequency band includes the B40 frequency band. The frequency range that meets the required specifications can be considered the antenna's operating frequency band.

The resonant frequency band and the operating frequency band may be the same, or may partially overlap. In one embodiment, one or more resonant frequency bands of the antenna may overlap one or more operating frequency bands of the antenna.

Electrical length: It can refer to the ratio of physical length (i.e. mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave. The electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

Where L is the physical length and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

Wavelength: Or operating wavelength, this can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, if the center frequency of the B1 uplink frequency band (resonant frequency 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using 1955MHz. "Operating wavelength" is not limited to the center frequency; it can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to a non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or operating frequency band.

It should be understood that the wavelength of the radiation signal in air can be calculated as follows: (wavelength in air, or wavelength in vacuum) = speed of light/frequency, where frequency is the frequency of the radiation signal (MHz) and the speed of light can be taken as 3×108 m/s. The wavelength of the radiation signal in the medium can be calculated as follows: Wherein, ε is the relative dielectric constant of the medium. The wavelength in the embodiments of the present application generally refers to the dielectric wavelength, which can be the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency, or the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the working frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming that the center frequency of the B1 uplink frequency band (resonant frequency is 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, the wavelength can be the dielectric wavelength calculated using the frequency of 1955MHz. Not limited to the center frequency, "dielectric wavelength" can also refer to the dielectric wavelength corresponding to the non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or the working frequency band. For ease of understanding, the dielectric wavelength mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be simply calculated by the relative dielectric constant of the medium filled on one or more sides of the radiator.

Antenna system efficiency (total efficiency): refers to the ratio of input power to output power at the antenna port.

Antenna radiation efficiency: This refers to the ratio of the power radiated into space by an antenna (i.e., the power effectively converted into electromagnetic waves) to the active power input to the antenna. Active power input to the antenna = antenna input power - power loss; power loss primarily includes return loss and metal ohmic loss and/or dielectric loss. Radiation efficiency is a measure of an antenna's radiation capability, and both metal loss and dielectric loss contribute to this efficiency.

Those skilled in the art will understand that efficiency is generally expressed as a percentage, which has a corresponding conversion relationship with dB. The closer the efficiency is to 0 dB, the better the efficiency of the antenna.

Antenna return loss: This can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port by the antenna circuit to the antenna port's transmitted power. The smaller the reflected signal, the larger the signal radiated from the antenna into space, and the greater the antenna's radiation efficiency. The larger the reflected signal, the smaller the signal radiated from the antenna into space, and the lower the antenna's radiation efficiency.

Antenna return loss can be expressed using the S11 parameter, a type of S parameter. S11 represents the reflection coefficient and characterizes the antenna's transmission efficiency. The S11 parameter is typically negative. A smaller S11 parameter indicates lower antenna return loss and less energy reflected back from the antenna itself, meaning more energy actually enters the antenna and higher system efficiency. A larger S11 parameter indicates greater antenna return loss and lower system efficiency.

It should be noted that in engineering, an S11 value of -6dB is generally used as a standard. When the S11 value of an antenna is less than -6dB, it can be considered that the antenna can work normally, or the antenna can be considered to have good transmission efficiency.

Antenna pattern: Also known as radiation pattern. It is a graph showing how the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna's radiation field changes with direction at a certain distance from the antenna (far field). It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular plane patterns passing through the antenna's direction of maximum radiation.

Antenna patterns typically have multiple radiation beams. The beam with the strongest radiation intensity is called the main lobe, while the remaining beams are called side lobes. Among the side lobes, those in the opposite direction of the main lobe are also called back lobes.

Beamwidth: This refers to the range of angles within a first angle range relative to the top of the electronic device (e.g., the z-direction) where the gain of the antenna's pattern is greater than or equal to a threshold. This first angle is the beamwidth. When the first angle is large, for example, greater than or equal to 60°, the antenna is considered to have a wide beam and exhibit good radiation characteristics within this angle range.

Directivity: Also known as the directivity of an antenna, it refers to the ratio of the maximum power density to the average power density in the antenna pattern at a certain distance from the antenna (far field). It is a dimensionless ratio greater than or equal to 1. It can be used to indicate the energy radiation characteristics of an antenna. A larger directivity indicates that the antenna radiates more energy in a certain direction and the energy radiation is more concentrated.

Antenna Gain: This is used to measure how well an antenna radiates input power. Generally, the narrower the main lobe of an antenna pattern and the smaller the side lobes, the higher the antenna gain.

Polarization direction of an antenna: At a given point in space, the electric field strength E (vector) is a function of time t. As time passes, the endpoints of the vector periodically trace a trajectory in space. If this trajectory is straight and perpendicular to the ground, it is called vertical polarization. If it is horizontal to the ground, it is called horizontal polarization. If this trajectory is elliptical or circular, and rotates clockwise or to the right when observed along the propagation direction, it is called right-hand circular polarization (RHCP). If it rotates counterclockwise or to the left with time, it is called left-hand circular polarization (LHCP).

Ground (GND): can generally refer to at least a portion of any grounding layer, grounding plate, or grounding metal layer in an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or at least a portion of any combination of any of the above grounding layers, grounding plates, or grounding components. "Ground" can be used for grounding components in an electronic device. In one embodiment, "ground" can be the grounding layer of the circuit board of the electronic device, or the grounding plate formed by the middle frame of the electronic device, or the grounding metal layer formed by the metal film under the screen. In one embodiment, the circuit board can be a printed circuit board (PCB), such as an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12-14-layer board having 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or an element separated and electrically insulated by a dielectric layer or insulating layer such as fiberglass, polymer, etc. In one embodiment, the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a grounding layer, and a routing layer, and the routing layer and the grounding layer are electrically connected through vias. In one embodiment, components such as a display, touch screen, input buttons, transmitter, processor, memory, battery, charging circuitry, and system-on-chip (SoC) structures may be mounted on or connected to a circuit board, or electrically connected to a trace layer and/or ground layer within the circuit board. For example, a radio frequency source may be located within the trace layer.

Any of the above-mentioned grounding layers, grounding plates, or grounding metal layers are made of a conductive material. In one embodiment, the conductive material can be any of the following: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass, and alloys thereof, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil and tin-plated copper on an insulating substrate, cloth impregnated with graphite powder, a graphite-coated substrate, a copper-plated substrate, a brass-plated substrate, and an aluminum-plated substrate. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the grounding layer/grounding plate/grounding metal layer can also be made of other conductive materials.

Grounding refers to coupling to the ground/floor in any manner. In one embodiment, grounding can be achieved through physical grounding, such as physical grounding at a specific location on the frame using a portion of the midframe's structural components (or referred to as a physical ground). In one embodiment, grounding can be achieved through device grounding, such as through a series or parallel connection of a capacitor, inductor, or resistor (or referred to as a device ground).

The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in FIG1 , electronic device 10 may include a cover 13, a display/module 15, a printed circuit board (PCB) 17, a middle frame 19, and a rear cover 21. It should be understood that in some embodiments, cover 13 may be a glass cover or may be replaced with a cover made of other materials, such as a PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) material.

The cover plate 13 may be disposed closely against the display module 15 , and may be mainly used to protect the display module 15 and prevent dust.

In one embodiment, the display module 15 may include a liquid crystal display panel (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display panel or an organic light-emitting semiconductor (OLED) display panel, etc., but the embodiment of the present application does not limit this.

The middle frame 19 mainly supports the entire device. FIG1 shows that the PCB 17 is arranged between the middle frame 19 and the back cover 21. It should be understood that in one embodiment, the PCB 17 can also be arranged between the middle frame 19 and the display module 15. This embodiment of the present application does not limit this. Among them, the printed circuit board PCB17 can use a flame-resistant material (FR-4) dielectric board, a Rogers dielectric board, a mixed dielectric board of Rogers and FR-4, and so on. Here, FR-4 is a code for a grade of flame-resistant material, and the Rogers dielectric board is a high-frequency board. Components such as radio frequency chips are carried on the PCB 17. In one embodiment, a metal layer can be provided on the printed circuit board PCB17. The metal layer can be used to ground the components carried on the printed circuit board PCB17, and can also be used to ground other components, such as bracket antennas, frame antennas, etc. The metal layer can be called a floor, a grounding plate, or a grounding layer. In one embodiment, the metal layer can be formed by etching metal on the surface of any layer of the dielectric board in the PCB 17. In one embodiment, the metal layer used for grounding can be provided on the side of the printed circuit board PCB 17 near the middle frame 19. In one embodiment, the edge of the printed circuit board PCB 17 can be considered the edge of its ground layer. In one embodiment, the metal middle frame 19 can also be used to ground the aforementioned components. The electronic device 10 may also have other floor/grounding plates/grounding layers, as previously described and will not be further described here.

Due to the compactness of electronic devices, a floor/grounding plate/grounding layer is typically provided within a 0-2mm internal space from the inner surface of the frame (for example, the printed circuit board, midframe, screen metal layer, battery, etc. can all be considered part of the floor). In one embodiment, a dielectric is filled between the frame and the floor, and the length and width of the rectangle enclosed by the inner surface contour of the dielectric filling can be simply considered the length and width of the floor. Alternatively, the length and width of the rectangle enclosed by the contour of all conductive parts within the frame can be considered the length and width of the floor.

The electronic device 10 may further include a battery (not shown). The battery may be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the back cover 21, or between the middle frame 19 and the display module 15, and this is not limited in this embodiment of the present application. In some embodiments, the PCB 17 is divided into a main board and a sub-board, and the battery may be disposed between the main board and the sub-board. The main board may be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the upper edge of the battery, and the sub-board may be disposed between the middle frame 19 and the lower edge of the battery.

In one implementation, the bezel 11, which primarily comprises a conductive material, can be referred to as a conductive bezel or metal bezel of the electronic device 10, and is suitable for an industrial design (ID) with a metallic appearance. In one implementation, the outer surface of the bezel 11 is primarily made of a conductive material, such as a metal material, thereby creating the appearance of a metallic bezel. In these implementations, the conductive portion of the bezel 11, including the outer surface, can serve as an antenna radiator for the electronic device 10 and is generally referred to as a bezel antenna.

In another implementation, the outer surface of the frame 11 is primarily composed of a non-conductive material, such as plastic, creating a non-metallic frame appearance suitable for non-metallic IDs. In one implementation, the inner surface of the frame 11 may include a conductive material, such as metal. In this implementation, the conductive portion of the inner surface of the frame 11 can serve as an antenna radiator for the electronic device 10. It should be understood that the radiator (or, in other words, the conductive material on the inner surface) disposed on the inner surface of the frame 11 can be positioned adjacent to the non-conductive material of the frame 11 to minimize the volume occupied by the radiator and to be closer to the exterior of the electronic device 10, achieving better signal transmission. This can also be referred to as a frame antenna. It should be noted that the antenna radiator being positioned adjacent to the non-conductive material of the frame 11 means that the antenna radiator can be positioned closely to the inner surface of the non-conductive material, embedded within the non-conductive material, or positioned close to the inner surface of the non-conductive material, for example, with a small gap between the antenna radiator and the inner surface of the non-conductive material. It should be understood that both the conductive and non-conductive materials can be considered part of the frame 11.

It should be understood that there may be an insulating gap on the frame 11, and the conductive part of the frame between the two insulating gaps or the insulating gap and the grounding point serves as a radiator, thereby forming a frame antenna. Specifically, when the frame 11 is formed of a conductive material such as metal, the insulating gap can be understood as a gap in the frame 11 filled with a non-metallic material (insulating material). In this case, the gap is visible on the exterior surface. When the outer surface of the frame 11 is a non-conductive material, the insulating gap can be understood as a gap formed between two sections of radiators on the inner surface of the frame 11. Non-metallic material (insulating material) may be provided in the gap, or non-metallic material may not be provided, for example, it may be filled with air. In this case, the gap is not visible on the exterior surface.

FIG1 and the subsequent embodiments illustrate an example in which the frame 11 of the electronic device 10 is a metal frame (conductive frame) and has a visible slit on the exterior surface (an insulating gap visible on the exterior surface). In this case, the metal frame serves as at least a portion of the antenna radiator. It should be understood that the same technical effects can be achieved when the frame 11 of the electronic device 10 is a non-metallic frame (with an invisible slit on the exterior surface). For the sake of brevity, these details will not be detailed here.

The middle frame 19 may include a border 11, and the middle frame 19 including the border 11 is an integral part that can support the electronic devices in the whole machine. The cover 13 and the back cover 21 are respectively covered along the upper and lower edges of the border to form a shell or housing (housing) of the electronic device. In one embodiment, the cover 13, the back cover 21, the border 11 and/or the middle frame 19 can be collectively referred to as the shell or housing of the electronic device 10. It should be understood that "shell or housing" can be used to refer to part or all of any one of the cover 13, the back cover 21, the border 11 or the middle frame 19, or to part or all of any combination of the cover 13, the back cover 21, the border 11 or the middle frame 19.

The frame 11 can at least partially serve as an antenna radiator to transmit and receive radio frequency signals. A gap can exist between this portion of the frame serving as the radiator and the rest of the middle frame 19 to ensure a good radiation environment for the antenna radiator. In one embodiment, the middle frame 19 can have an aperture in this portion of the frame serving as the radiator to facilitate antenna radiation.

Alternatively, the frame 11 may not be considered as part of the middle frame 19. In one embodiment, the frame 11 may be connected to the middle frame 19 and formed integrally. In another embodiment, the frame 11 may include a protrusion extending inward to be connected to the middle frame 19, for example, by means of shrapnel, screws, welding, etc. The protrusion of the frame 11 can also be used to receive feed signals, so that at least a portion of the frame 11 serves as the radiator of the antenna to receive/transmit radio frequency signals. There may be a gap between this part of the frame that serves as the radiator and the middle frame 19, thereby ensuring that the antenna radiator has a good radiation environment, so that the antenna has a good signal transmission function.

The back cover 21 can be made of metal, non-conductive materials such as glass or plastic, or a combination of conductive and non-conductive materials. In one embodiment, the conductive back cover 21 can replace the middle frame 19 and integrate with the frame 11 to support the electronic components within the device.

In one embodiment, the middle frame 19 and/or the conductive parts in the back cover 21 can serve as a reference ground for the electronic device 10, wherein the frame 11, PCB 17, etc. of the electronic device can be grounded through electrical connection with the middle frame.

The antenna of electronic device 10 can also be located within the housing, such as a bracket antenna or millimeter-wave antenna (not shown in FIG1 ). The clearance for the antenna within the housing can be achieved by openings/holes in any of the middle frame, and/or the frame, and/or the back cover, and/or the display screen, or by non-conductive gaps/apertures formed between any of these. The antenna clearance ensures the antenna's radiation characteristics. It should be understood that the antenna clearance can be a non-conductive area formed by any conductive component within electronic device 10, through which the antenna radiates signals to the outside world. In one embodiment, antenna 40 can be in the form of an antenna based on a flexible printed circuit (FPC), an antenna based on laser-direct-structuring (LDS), or a microstrip disk antenna (MDA). In one embodiment, the antenna can also be a transparent structure embedded within the screen of electronic device 10, making the antenna a transparent antenna unit embedded within the screen of electronic device 10.

FIG. 1 only schematically illustrates some components of the electronic device 10 , and the actual shapes, sizes, and structures of these components are not limited by FIG. 1 .

It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, the surface where the display screen of the electronic device is located can be considered as the front surface, the surface where the back cover is located can be considered as the back surface, and the surface where the frame is located can be considered as the side surface.

First, Figures 2 and 3 will introduce the two antenna modes involved in this application. Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the common-mode structure of an antenna provided in this application and the corresponding current and electric field distribution. Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the differential-mode structure of another antenna provided in this application and the corresponding current and electric field distribution. The antenna radiators in Figures 2 and 3 are open at both ends, and their common-mode mode and differential-mode modes can be referred to as line common-mode mode and line differential-mode mode, respectively.

It should be understood that the "common mode" or "CM mode" in this application includes the line common mode mode and the slot common mode mode, and the "differential mode mode" or "DM mode" in this application includes the line differential mode mode and the slot differential mode mode, which can be specifically determined according to the structure of the antenna.

It should be understood that the "common-differential mode" or "CM-DM mode" in this application refers to the line common mode and line differential mode generated on the same radiator, or refers to the slot common mode and slot differential mode generated on the same radiator, which can be specifically determined according to the structure of the antenna.

1. Common mode (CM) mode

(a) in FIG2 shows that the radiator of the antenna 40 is open at both ends and is connected to a feeding circuit (not shown) at the middle position 41. In one embodiment, the feeding form of the antenna 40 adopts symmetrical feeding. The feeding circuit can be connected to the middle position 41 of the antenna 40 through a feeding line 42. It should be understood that symmetrical feeding can be understood as one end of the feeding circuit being connected to the radiator and the other end being grounded, wherein the connection point between the feeding circuit and the radiator (feeding point) is located at the center of the radiator. The center of the radiator can be, for example, the midpoint of the geometric structure, or the midpoint of the electrical length (or an area within a certain range near the above midpoint).

The middle position 41 of the antenna 40 may be, for example, the geometric center of the antenna, or the midpoint of the electrical length of the radiator. For example, the connection between the feed line 42 and the antenna 40 covers the middle position 41 .

(b) in FIG2 shows the current and electric field distribution of the antenna 40. As shown in (b) in FIG2, the current is distributed in opposite directions on both sides of the middle position 41, for example, symmetrically; the electric field is distributed in the same direction on both sides of the middle position 41. As shown in (b) in FIG2, the current at the feed line 42 is distributed in the same direction. Based on the same direction distribution of the current at the feed line 42, the feeding shown in (a) in FIG2 can be called line CM feeding. Based on the opposite distribution of the current on both sides of the connection between the radiator and the feed line 42, the antenna mode shown in (b) in FIG2 can be called a line CM mode (also referred to as a CM mode for short, for example, for a linear antenna, the CM mode refers to a line CM mode). The current and electric field shown in (b) in FIG2 can be respectively referred to as the current and electric field of the line CM mode.

The current is stronger at the center 41 of the antenna 40 (the highest current point is near the center 41 of the antenna 40) and weaker at both ends of the antenna 40, as shown in FIG2(b). The electric field is weaker at the center 41 of the antenna 40 and stronger at both ends of the antenna 40.

2. Line differential mode (DM) mode

As shown in Figure 3(a), the left and right ends of the two radiators of antenna 50 are open, and a feed circuit is connected at a center position 51. In one embodiment, antenna 50 uses an anti-symmetrical feed. One end of the feed circuit is connected to one of the radiators via a feed line 52, and the other end of the feed circuit is connected to the other radiator via a feed line 52. Center position 51 can be the geometric center of antenna 50 or the gap formed between the radiators.

It should be understood that the "center-antisymmetric feeding" mentioned in this application can be understood as the positive and negative poles of the feed unit being connected to two connection points near the aforementioned midpoint of the radiator. In one embodiment, the signals output by the positive and negative poles of the feed unit have the same amplitude but opposite phases, for example, a phase difference of 180°±10°.

(b) in FIG3 shows the current and electric field distribution of the antenna 50. As shown in (b) in FIG3, the current is distributed in the same direction on both sides of the middle position 51 of the antenna 50, for example, in an antisymmetric distribution; the electric field is distributed in opposite directions on both sides of the middle position 51. As shown in (b) in FIG3, the current at the feed line 52 is distributed in opposite directions. Based on the opposite distribution of the current at the feed line 52, the feeding shown in (a) in FIG3 can be called line DM feeding. Based on the current being distributed in the same direction on both sides of the connection between the radiator and the feed line 52, the antenna mode shown in (b) in FIG3 can be called a line DM mode (also referred to as a DM mode for short, for example, for a linear antenna, the DM mode refers to a line DM mode). The current and electric field shown in (b) in FIG3 can be respectively referred to as the current and electric field of the line DM mode.

The current is strong at the center 51 of the antenna 50 (the current is strong near the center 51 of the antenna 50) and weak at both ends of the antenna 50, as shown in FIG3(b). The electric field is weak at the center 51 of the antenna 50 and strong at both ends of the antenna 50.

It should be understood that the antenna radiator can be understood as a metal structural member that generates radiation, and the number of the radiator can be one, as shown in FIG2 , or two, as shown in FIG3 , which can be adjusted according to actual design or production needs. For example, for the line CM mode, two radiators can be used as shown in FIG3 , with the two ends of the two radiators arranged opposite to each other and separated by a gap. A symmetrical feeding method is adopted at the two ends close to each other, for example, the same feed source signal is fed into the two ends of the two radiators close to each other, and an effect similar to the antenna structure shown in FIG2 can also be obtained. Correspondingly, for the line DM mode, one radiator can be used as shown in FIG2 , with two feeding points set in the middle of the radiator and an antisymmetric feeding method is adopted. For example, if two symmetrical feeding points on the radiator are fed with signals with the same amplitude and opposite phases, an effect similar to the antenna structure shown in FIG3 can also be obtained.

3. Line CM-DM mode

FIG2 and FIG3 above respectively show the line CM mode and line DM mode generated by adopting different feeding methods when both ends of the radiator are open.

When the antenna uses asymmetric feeding (the feeding point is offset from the center of the radiator, including side feeding or offset feeding), or the radiator's grounding point (where it couples with the floor) is asymmetric (the grounding point is offset from the center of the radiator), the antenna can simultaneously produce a first resonance and a second resonance, corresponding to the linear CM mode and the linear DM mode, respectively. For example, the first resonance corresponds to the linear CM mode, with the current and electric field distributions shown in Figure 2(b). The second resonance corresponds to the linear DM mode, with the current and electric field distributions shown in Figure 3(b).

FIG4 is a schematic diagram of a satellite communication usage scenario provided in an embodiment of the present application.

As shown in FIG4 , when a user performs satellite communication through an electronic device, it is necessary to point the area of the electronic device's antenna with better radiation characteristics toward the satellite to achieve satellite alignment (establishing a communication connection with the satellite).

During satellite communications, the relative position of the electronic device and the satellite changes. For example, when a low-orbit satellite moves, the satellite may exceed the area where the antenna has good radiation characteristics (for example, the antenna has good radiation characteristics within an area within 30° from the top direction, but the satellite is located outside this area), or the antenna cannot maintain a good alignment with the communication satellite in the target radiation direction. In this case, the user needs to change the holding posture or move the device so that the satellite remains in the area where the antenna has good radiation characteristics, or so that the antenna has good radiation characteristics in the target radiation direction, in order to maintain the alignment or establish a connection with a new satellite. Otherwise, poor communication quality or even disconnection may occur, which greatly affects the user's communication experience.

It should be understood that the target radiation direction of the antenna described in the embodiments of the present application can be understood as the direction of the communication satellite relative to the electronic device 10. When the maximum radiation direction of the directional pattern generated by the antenna is close to the target radiation direction, it is convenient to establish a good communication connection between the electronic device 10 and the communication satellite.

This application provides an electronic device including an antenna. The antenna's operating frequency band includes a satellite communications frequency band. The antenna utilizes conductive portions on different sides of its frame as radiators and parasitic branches, respectively, to enhance the user experience during satellite communications.

It should be understood that the antenna and its radiator described in the embodiments of the present application may have different communication functions in different usage scenarios of the electronic device. For example, in the embodiments of the present application, the electronic device performing communication under the first satellite system is used as an example for explanation. In this usage scenario, the antenna and its radiator are used to support the communication function of the first satellite system. For example, they can be used to generate resonance and a directional pattern suitable for communication with the first satellite system. In other scenarios, for example, when the electronic device is not performing satellite communication under the first satellite system, the antenna and its radiator can be used to support the communication functions of other systems. For example, they can be used as antenna radiators or parasitic branches in cellular systems, or as antenna radiators or parasitic branches in wireless network communication technology (WiFi).

FIG5 is a schematic diagram of a dipole antenna 100 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

As shown in FIG. 5 , the dipole antenna 100 includes a radiator 101 .

Both ends of the radiator 101 are open, and the dipole antenna 100 can operate in a half-wavelength mode. The current on the radiator 101 flows in the same direction, for example, from one end to the other end.

As shown in FIG6 , the directional pattern generated by the dipole antenna 100 has a null point in the extending direction of the radiator.

As shown in FIG7 , when both ends of the radiator 101 are bent (for example, bent along the z direction), the depression at the zero point in the radiation pattern decreases, and as the ratio between the length of the bent portion (L1+L2) and the length L of the radiator 101 increases, the depression at the zero point becomes shallower and shallower.

Figures 8 (a) and (b) show the radiation patterns when the ratio between the length of the bend (L1+L2) and the length L of the radiator 101 is (1:3), (d) and (d) show the radiation patterns when the ratio between the length of the bend (L1+L2) and the length L of the radiator 101 is (2:3), and (e) and (f) show the radiation patterns when the ratio between the length of the bend (L1+L2) and the length L of the radiator 101 is (5:6). As the ratio between the length of the bend (L1+L2) and the length of the radiator 101 increases, the beamwidth of the radiation generated by the dipole antenna 100 increases, and the dipole antenna 100 has good communication characteristics over a wider range of angles with respect to the z-direction.

FIG9 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

It should be understood that the electronic device 10 described in the embodiments of this application is merely a schematic diagram, illustrating only the structure of the areas relevant to the embodiments of this application. In actual production or design, other areas may be adjusted. For example, the frame may have multiple insulating gaps or couple with the floor at multiple points to form radiators or parasitic branches of other antennas, but this embodiment of the application does not limit this.

As shown in FIG. 9 , the electronic device 10 includes a frame 11 , an antenna 200 , and a floor 300 .

At least part of the frame 11 is spaced apart from the floor 300. The frame 11 includes a first position 201, a second position 202, a third position 203, and a fourth position 204. The frame 11 has a first insulating gap and a second insulating gap at the first position 201 and the second position 202.

In one embodiment, the width of the first insulating gap is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm. It should be understood that the width of the gaps on the frame in the embodiments of the present application can be within the above ranges, and for the sake of brevity, they will not be detailed here. The "width of the insulating gap" should be understood as the dimension in the direction extending between two sections of conductive material (e.g., two radiators).

The frame 11 includes a first side 131 and a second side 132 intersecting the first side 131 at an angle. The length of the first side 131 is shorter than the length of the second side 132. The first position 201 and the second position 202 are located on the first side 131. The third position 203 and the fourth position 204 are located on the second side 132. In one embodiment, the first side 131 can be understood as a short side of the electronic device 10.

When electronic device 10 is a foldable electronic device comprising multiple housings, first side 131 can be understood as the short side of electronic device 10 when in a folded state. It should be understood that first side 131 can be the top or bottom side of electronic device 10. For simplicity, the description will be given using the example where first side 131 is the top side of electronic device 10. The top/bottom side of electronic device 10 can be understood as the top/bottom side during normal use, for example, the top/bottom side of a mobile phone's desktop or user interface (UI).

The antenna 200 includes a radiator 210 , a feeding circuit 220 and a first parasitic stub 231 .

The radiator 210 includes a conductive portion of the frame 11 between the first position 201 and the second position 202. At least a portion of the radiator 210 is spaced apart from the floor 300.

The radiator 210 includes a feeding point 211 , and the feeding circuit 220 is coupled to the feeding point 211 to feed a signal to the antenna 200 .

It should be understood that for the sake of simplicity of discussion, in the embodiments of the present application, only the electrical connection in the coupling connection is used as an example for explanation. In actual production or design, it can also be achieved through indirect coupling.

The first parasitic stub 231 includes a conductive portion of the frame 11 between the third position 203 and the fourth position 204. At least a portion of the first parasitic stub 231 is spaced apart from the floor 300.

The radiator 210 is used to generate a main resonance, and the first parasitic branch 231 is used to generate a first parasitic resonance. The frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the first parasitic resonance and the resonance point frequency of the main resonance is less than or equal to 500 MHz. In one embodiment, the frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the first parasitic resonance and the resonance point frequency of the main resonance is greater than or equal to 50 MHz and less than or equal to 300 MHz. In one embodiment, the frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the first parasitic resonance and the resonance point frequency of the main resonance is greater than or equal to 100 MHz and less than or equal to 200 MHz. In one embodiment, the resonance point of the first parasitic resonance is located within the resonance frequency band of the main resonance.

In one embodiment, the main resonance and the first parasitic resonance together form a first resonance. It can be understood that the first resonance appears as a single resonance. When the first parasitic branch 231 is working and not working (for example, the first parasitic branch is removed, or the first parasitic branch is grounded, or the first parasitic branch is wrapped in test metal, etc.), the depth or width of the first resonance changes; in one embodiment, the depth or width of the first resonance changes by more than 5%, and in one embodiment, the depth or width of the first resonance changes by more than 10%.

In one embodiment, the main resonance and the first parasitic resonance together form a first resonance. It can also be understood that the first resonance appears as a deeper resonance and a shallower resonance. When the first parasitic branch 231 is working or not working (for example, the first parasitic branch is removed, or the first parasitic branch is grounded, or the first parasitic branch is wrapped in test metal, etc.), the depth or width of the deeper resonance changes; in one embodiment, the depth or width of the deeper resonance changes by more than 5%, and in one embodiment, the depth or width of the deeper resonance changes by more than 10%.

In one embodiment, when the frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the first parasitic resonance and the resonance point frequency of the main resonance is less than or equal to 300 MHz, the first resonance appears as a single resonance.

In this application, “jointly forming the first/second… resonance” should be understood as above, and for the sake of brevity, it will not be elaborated one by one.

In the embodiment of the present application, the coupling between the radiator 210 and the first parasitic branch 231 is weak, and the first parasitic resonance cannot be well excited.

In one embodiment, a notch corresponding to the first parasitic resonance does not appear clearly in the S-parameter graph. However, because the first parasitic resonance is excited by a portion of the current, a clear notch appears in the efficiency curve (e.g., radiation efficiency or system efficiency). For example, if an efficiency notch appears at a first frequency point, the first frequency point can be considered to correspond to the resonance point of the first parasitic resonance. In one embodiment, the efficiency drop (e.g., radiation efficiency or system efficiency) caused by the notch does not exceed 1.5 dB. In one embodiment, the efficiency drop (e.g., radiation efficiency or system efficiency) caused by the notch does not exceed 1 dB.

In one embodiment, a pit corresponding to the first parasitic resonance is clearly visible in the S-parameter graph. In one embodiment, the pit corresponding to the first parasitic resonance is shallower than the pit corresponding to the main resonance.

It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, the resonance point of the first resonance can be understood as the deepest point in the pit corresponding to the main resonance and the first parasitic resonance in the S-parameter diagram. For example, the resonance point of the first resonance can be understood as the resonance point of the single resonance presented above, or can be understood as the resonance point of the deeper resonance described above.

The “resonance points of the first/second…resonances” commonly formed in this application should be understood as described above, and for the sake of brevity, they will not be described one by one.

The resonant frequency band of the first resonance includes at least a portion of a frequency band within a range of 1.5 GHz to 4.5 GHz.

It should be understood that when the first radiator 210 is arranged on the top or bottom side (short side) of the electronic device 10, the resonant frequency band of the first resonance includes at least part of the frequency band within 1.5 GHz to 4.5 GHz, and the antenna 200 can have better radiation characteristics (for example, radiation efficiency, bandwidth, etc.).

The operating frequency band of the antenna 200 includes at least a portion of the satellite communication frequency band.

Satellite communications include at least one of the following communication services: satellite receiving and/or sending short messages (also known as short messages), satellite calling and/or answering calls, and satellite data (such as Internet access).

In one embodiment, the satellite communication frequency band may include part of the frequency band in the Tiantong satellite system, and may include the transmit frequency band (e.g., 1980MHz-2010MHz) and receive frequency band (e.g., 2170MHz-2200MHz) in the Tiantong satellite system. In one embodiment, the satellite communication frequency band may include part of the frequency band in the Beidou satellite system, and may include the transmit frequency band (e.g., 1610MHz-1626.5MHz) and receive frequency band (e.g., 2483.5MHz-2500MHz) in the Beidou satellite system. In one embodiment, the satellite communication frequency band may include part of the frequency band in the low-orbit satellite system, and may include the transmit frequency band (e.g., 1668MHz-1675MHz) and receive frequency band (e.g., 1518MHz-1525MHz) in the low-orbit satellite system. Alternatively, it may also be applied to other satellite communication systems, and the embodiments of the present application are not limited thereto.

It should be understood that when the electronic device 10 performs satellite communication, it can communicate with the communication satellite through one antenna or multiple antennas in the electronic device 10.

In one embodiment, when the electronic device 10 performs satellite communication, communication with the communication satellite can be performed via an antenna within the electronic device 10. In this case, the antenna can be loaded with different elements at different time slots to adjust the resonant point frequency, thereby enabling the antenna to operate in both the transmit and receive frequency bands of the satellite system.

In one embodiment, when the electronic device 10 performs satellite communication, it may communicate with a communication satellite through multiple antennas within the electronic device 10. In this case, the operating frequency bands of some of the multiple antennas may include the transmit frequency bands of the satellite system, and the operating frequency bands of other antennas may include the receive frequency bands of the satellite system.

In one embodiment, when the antenna 200 operates in the Tiantong satellite system (the operating frequency band of the antenna 200 includes at least part of the frequency band of the Tiantong satellite system), the electronic device 10 can perform voice communication through the antenna 200. In one embodiment, when the antenna 200 operates in the Beidou satellite system (the operating frequency band of the antenna 200 includes at least part of the frequency band of the Beidou satellite system), the electronic device 10 can send or receive short messages and pictures through the antenna 200. In one embodiment, when the antenna 200 operates in the low-orbit satellite system (the operating frequency band of the antenna 200 includes at least part of the frequency band of the low-orbit satellite system), the electronic device 10 can perform voice communication, send or receive short messages and pictures, and access the Internet through the antenna 200. The low-orbit satellite may also have some functions similar to those of a base station.

In one embodiment, the resonant frequency band of the first resonance includes a first frequency band, which includes a transmit frequency band within a satellite communication frequency band. In one embodiment, the resonant frequency band of the first resonance includes a second frequency band, which includes a receive frequency band within a satellite communication frequency band. In one embodiment, the feed circuit 220 is configured to transmit radio frequency signals within the first frequency band and radio frequency signals within the second frequency band.

In one embodiment, at the first time/time period, the resonant frequency band of the first resonance and the resonant frequency band of the second resonance in the above embodiment include a first frequency band. The first frequency band may be, for example, a transmission frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band.

In one embodiment, at the first time/time period, the resonant frequency band of the first resonance and the resonant frequency band of the second resonance in the above embodiment include a second frequency band. The second frequency band may be, for example, a receiving frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band.

In one embodiment, the first frequency band may be, for example, at least a portion of a frequency band between 1.5 GHz and 4.5 GHz. In one embodiment, the antenna 200 operates in the Tiantong satellite system, and the first frequency band may include a transmit frequency band therein (e.g., 1980 MHz-2010 MHz). In one embodiment, the antenna 200 operates in the Beidou satellite system, and the first frequency band may include a transmit frequency band therein (e.g., 1610 MHz-1626.5 MHz). In one embodiment, the antenna 200 operates in a low-orbit satellite system (e.g., StarNet), and the first frequency band may include a transmit frequency band therein (e.g., 1668 MHz-1675 MHz).

In one embodiment, the second frequency band may be, for example, at least a portion of a frequency band between 1.5 GHz and 4.5 GHz. In one embodiment, the antenna 200 operates in the Tiantong satellite system, and the second frequency band may include a receiving frequency band therein (e.g., 2170 MHz-2200 MHz). In one embodiment, the antenna 200 operates in the Beidou satellite system, and the second frequency band may include a receiving frequency band therein (e.g., 2483.5 MHz-2500 MHz). In one embodiment, the second frequency band may include a receiving frequency band therein (e.g., 1518 MHz-1525 MHz).

In one embodiment, antenna 200 may further include a tuning circuit. This tuning circuit is coupled to radiator 210 and is configured to adjust the resonant frequency of the resonance generated by radiator 210 so that the resonant frequency band of the first resonance includes the first frequency band or the second frequency band. This allows antenna 200 to operate in the first frequency band and the second frequency band in different time slots. For simplicity, this embodiment of the present application only uses the example of an antenna operating in a single frequency band.

It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application (e.g., the electronic device 10 shown in FIG9 ), the antenna 200 is described as operating in a single frequency band and in the same operating state. The same operating state can be understood as the operating frequency band of the antenna 200 including either the first frequency band or the second frequency band.

According to an embodiment of the present application, when the frequency difference between the resonant point frequency of the first parasitic resonance and the resonant point frequency of the main resonance is less than or equal to 500 MHz, the current on the first parasitic branch 231 and the current on the radiator 210 are in the same direction (the current path is clockwise or counterclockwise). In addition, since the radiator 210 is located on the first side 131 and the first parasitic branch 231 is located on the second side 132, the radiator 210 and the first parasitic branch 231 can form a structure similar to the folded dipole antenna in the above embodiment. Since the radiator 210 and the first parasitic branch 231 can form a structure similar to an L-shaped dipole antenna, since only one end of the dipole antenna-like structure is bent, the beam width of the directional pattern generated by the antenna 200 toward the side of the first parasitic branch 231 (the bent side) can be widened, so that the antenna 200 has a wide beam characteristic.

Therefore, electronic device 10 has good communication characteristics within a range of relatively large angles (e.g., 40°, 50°, 60°, or 70°) relative to the top direction (the direction from the bottom of electronic device 10 to the top, e.g., the z-direction). For example, when a user performs satellite communication, antenna 200 has wide-beam characteristics, and the directional pattern generated by antenna 200 has good radiation characteristics within a relatively large angle. When a communication satellite moves within this angular range (e.g., within a range of 40°, 50°, 60°, or 70° relative to the top direction), it remains within the area of electronic device 10 where the antenna has good radiation characteristics, and good communication characteristics can still be achieved between the communication satellite and electronic device 10.

Meanwhile, the first resonance is generated by the linear DM mode described in the above embodiment. The directional pattern generated by the linear DM mode lacks a strong current flowing into the floor 300. Therefore, the current excited in the floor 300 is small, and the floor 300's influence on the directional pattern generated by the linear DM mode is similar to that of a reflector. As a result, the directional pattern generated by the linear DM mode is primarily oriented toward the top of the electronic device 10 (the direction in which the radiator 210 is away from the floor, for example, the z-direction). In contrast, the directional pattern generated by the linear CM mode, due to the strong current flowing into the floor 300 in the linear CM mode, excites more current in the floor 300. Consequently, the floor 300 has a significant influence on the directional pattern generated by the antenna, and thus the directional pattern generated by the linear CM mode is not primarily oriented toward the top of the electronic device 10 (the direction in which the radiator 210 is away from the floor, for example, the z-direction).

Furthermore, in the satellite communication frequency band, the efficiency (e.g., radiation efficiency) of antennas resonating in the linear DM mode can meet satellite communication requirements. For example, when the radiator 210 extends in a straight line, under the action of the same-direction current, the conductor loss and dielectric loss are both small, and the efficiency (e.g., radiation efficiency) of the first antenna is high. However, due to the opposite current flow in the linear CM mode, the loss is large, and the efficiency (e.g., radiation efficiency) of antennas resonating in the linear CM mode is poor.

In one embodiment, both ends of the radiator 210 are open, and the radiator 210 can operate in a half-wavelength mode. The electrical length of the radiator 210 is half of a first wavelength, and the first wavelength is a wavelength corresponding to the resonance generated by the radiator 210.

The wavelength corresponding to resonance can be understood as the wavelength corresponding to the resonance point of the resonance, or the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonance frequency band. It should be understood that the above wavelengths are all vacuum wavelengths. Due to the certain conversion relationship between dielectric wavelengths and vacuum wavelengths, the above vacuum wavelengths can also be converted to dielectric wavelengths.

In one embodiment, the gain is greater than or equal to -6 dBic within an angle of 45° from the top direction (e.g., the z-direction) of the electronic device 10. In one embodiment, the gain is greater than or equal to -6 dBic within an angle of 60° from the top direction (e.g., the z-direction) of the electronic device 10.

In one embodiment, the first insulating gap (first position 201 ) and the second insulating gap (second position 202 ) are symmetrical along a virtual axis of the first side 131 , and the lengths of the first sides 131 on both sides of the virtual axis are the same.

It should be understood that due to requirements in production design, the edge of the frame 210 facing the floor 300 (towards the inside of the electronic device 10) is not flat. Therefore, in the application embodiment, the virtual axis of the first edge 131 can be understood as a straight line perpendicular to the first edge 131 and passing through the center of the first edge 131.

As the symmetry increases, the antenna 200 may have better radiation characteristics (eg, bandwidth), so that the electronic device 10 may have better satellite communication performance.

In one embodiment, radiator 210 further includes a first connection point 221. First connection point 221 and feed point 211 are located on either side of the center of radiator 210, with the lengths of radiators 210 on either side of the center being the same. Antenna 200 further includes a first element 241 coupled between first connection point 221 and floor 300.

It should be understood that since the feeding point 211 is provided on one side of the center of the radiator 210, the first element 241 can be provided on the other side of the center of the radiator 210 to improve the symmetry of the antenna 200, thereby making the antenna 200 have better radiation characteristics.

In one embodiment, the distance between the feed point 211 and the adjacent end of the radiator 210 (e.g., the second position 202) (the length of the radiator 210) is less than or equal to one-third of the length of the radiator 210. In one embodiment, the distance between the feed point 211 and the adjacent end of the radiator 210 is less than or equal to 5 mm.

In one embodiment, the distance between the first connection point 221 and the adjacent end of the radiator 210 (e.g., the first position 201) (the length of the radiator 210) is less than or equal to one-third of the length of the radiator 210. In one embodiment, the distance between the first connection point 221 and the adjacent end of the radiator 210 is less than or equal to 5 mm.

It should be understood that as the feeding point 211 moves toward one end of the radiator 210 , it is beneficial to miniaturize the radiator 210 . In one embodiment, the feeding point 211 and the first connection point 221 are symmetrical along a virtual axis of the first side 131 .

In one embodiment, the first element 241 may be a capacitor or an element equivalent to a capacitor. In one embodiment, the equivalent capacitance value of the first element 241 is less than or equal to 1 pF.

In one embodiment, the distance between the third position 203 and the first side 131 (or the radiator 210 ) along the extending direction of the second side 132 is less than or equal to one third of the length of the second side 132 .

The length of the second side 132 may be understood as the length of the second side 132 in the extension direction (eg, z-direction) of the second side 132 .

In one embodiment, the distance between the third position 203 and the first side 131 (or the radiator 210 ) along the extending direction of the second side 132 is less than or equal to 60 mm.

In one embodiment, the distance between the fourth position 204 and the first side 131 (or the radiator 210 ) along the extending direction of the second side 132 is less than or equal to half the length of the second side 132 .

In one embodiment, the distance between the fourth position 204 and the first side 131 (or the radiator 210 ) along the extending direction of the second side 132 is less than or equal to 90 mm.

It should be understood that when the first parasitic branch 231 is close to the radiator 210 , the first parasitic resonance generated by the first parasitic branch 231 can be better stimulated, so that the antenna 200 has better radiation characteristics.

In one embodiment, the frame 11 has a third insulating gap and a fourth insulating gap at the third position 203 and the fourth position 204 , respectively, as shown in FIG. 10 .

It should be understood that both ends of the first parasitic branch 231 are open ends, forming a dipole-like antenna structure. The first parasitic branch 231 operates in a half-wavelength mode.

In one embodiment, the length L2 of the first parasitic stub 231 (the length of the frame 11 between the third position 203 and the fourth position 204 ) and the length L1 of the radiator 210 (the length of the frame 11 between the first position 201 and the second position 202 ) satisfy: L1×80%≤L2≤L1×120%.

In one embodiment, the frame 11 is coupled to the floor 300 at the third position 203 and has a fourth insulating gap at the fourth position 204, as shown in Figure 11. In one embodiment, the frame 11 has a third insulating gap at the third position 203 and is coupled to the floor 300 at the fourth position 204.

It should be understood that the first parasitic stub 231 has a grounded end at one end and an open end at the other end, forming a structure similar to an IFA. The first parasitic stub 231 operates in a quarter-wavelength mode.

In one embodiment, the length L2 of the first parasitic stub 231 (the length of the frame 11 between the third position 203 and the fourth position 204 ) and the length L1 of the radiator 210 (the length of the frame 11 between the first position 201 and the second position 202 ) satisfy: L1×40%≤L2≤L1×90%.

In one embodiment, the first parasitic stub 231 further includes a second connection point 222 and a third connection point 223. The first parasitic stub 231 has a fifth insulating gap between the second connection point 222 and the third connection point 223, as shown in FIG12 .

It should be understood that the fifth insulating gap on the first parasitic branch 231 can be considered an equivalent capacitor (e.g., a distributed capacitor) provided on the first parasitic branch 231. This equivalent capacitor can form a metamaterial (meta) structure on the first parasitic branch 231. The first parasitic branch 231 having this metamaterial structure can increase the radiation aperture. With the fifth insulating gap, the electric field is more dispersed, and the dielectric loss near the conductor is reduced, thereby effectively improving the system efficiency and radiation efficiency of the antenna.

In one embodiment, the antenna 200 may further include a second element 242. The second element 242 is coupled between the second connection point 222 and the third connection point 223 by coupling.

It should be understood that by coupling the second element 242 connected between the second connection point 222 and the third connection point 223, the equivalent capacitance value of the fifth insulating gap can be adjusted, thereby adjusting the radiation characteristics of the antenna 200 (for example, the resonance point frequency of the first parasitic resonance generated by the first parasitic branch 231).

It should be understood that the antenna 200 shown in FIG12 differs from the antenna 200 shown in FIG11 only in that there is a fifth insulating gap between the second connection point 222 and the third connection point 223. In the antenna 200 shown in FIG11, the first parasitic stubs 231 are all structures similar to IFAs, with one end being grounded and the other end being open, and the first parasitic stubs 231 all operate in a quarter-wavelength mode. However, in the antenna 200 shown in FIG12, the first parasitic stubs 231 are all structures with one end being grounded and the other end being open, and the first parasitic stubs 231 are provided with a fifth insulating gap, forming a metamaterial structure. The length of the first parasitic stubs 231 is greater than the length of the first parasitic stubs 231 shown in FIG11.

In one embodiment, in the antenna 200 shown in FIG11 , the electrical length of the first parasitic stub 231 is one-quarter of the first wavelength, and the first wavelength may be the wavelength corresponding to the parasitic resonance generated by the first parasitic stub 231. In one embodiment, in the antenna 200 shown in FIG12 , the electrical length of the first parasitic stub 231 is greater than three-eighths of the first wavelength. In the antenna 200 shown in FIG12 , the first parasitic resonance generated by the first parasitic stub 231 may correspond to a quarter-wavelength mode. The fifth insulating gap may increase the electrical length of the first parasitic stub 231 to greater than three-eighths of the first wavelength, and the current on the first parasitic stub 231 may be in the same direction (e.g., not in reverse direction), and the electric field between the first parasitic stub 231 and the ground may not be in reverse direction. The electrical length of the first parasitic stub 231 increases from one-quarter of the first wavelength to more than three-eighths of the first wavelength, while still operating in the quarter-wavelength mode. In this case, the current density on the first parasitic branch 231 is dispersed, and the electric field density between the first parasitic branch 231 and the floor 300 is weakened. This reduces the conductor loss and dielectric loss caused by the first parasitic branch 231 and the conductors and dielectrics disposed around the first parasitic branch 231, thereby improving the radiation characteristics of the antenna 200. The first parasitic branch 231 increases the radiation aperture, effectively improving the system efficiency and radiation efficiency of the antenna 200.

The first wavelength can be understood as the vacuum wavelength corresponding to the resonance point of the parasitic resonance generated by the first parasitic branch 231, or can also be understood as the vacuum wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency band formed by the parasitic resonance generated by the first parasitic branch 231. Since there is a certain correspondence between the vacuum wavelength and the medium wavelength, the above ratio can be converted to the medium wavelength, and this application will not elaborate on it one by one.

In one embodiment, the length of the first parasitic branch 231 between the first end of the first parasitic branch 231 (the ground end, for example, the end at the third position 203) and the fifth insulating gap is less than the length of the first parasitic branch 231 between the second end of the first parasitic branch 231 (the open end, for example, the end at the fourth position 214) and the fifth insulating gap.

It should be understood that the length of the radiator between one end of the first parasitic branch 231 and the fifth insulating gap can be understood as the length of the conductor part between the end of the end and the fifth insulating gap. For the sake of simplicity of discussion, it can be understood accordingly in the embodiments of the present application.

In one embodiment, the length of the first parasitic branch 231 between the first end of the first parasitic branch 231 (the ground end, for example, the end at the third position 203) and the fifth insulating gap is less than three-fifths of the length of the first parasitic branch 231 between the second end of the first parasitic branch 231 (the open end, the end at the fourth position 214) and the fifth insulating gap.

In one embodiment, the length of the first parasitic branch 231 between the first end of the first parasitic branch 231 (the ground end, for example, the end at the third position 203) and the fifth insulating gap is less than one-third of the length of the first parasitic branch 231 between the second end of the first parasitic branch 231 (the open end, for example, the end at the fourth position 214) and the fifth insulating gap.

In one embodiment, the length of the first parasitic branch 231 between the first end of the first parasitic branch 231 (the ground end, for example, the end at the third position 203) and the fifth insulating gap is less than one-seventh of the length of the first parasitic branch 231 between the second end of the first parasitic branch 231 (the open end, for example, the end at the fourth position 214) and the fifth insulating gap.

It should be understood that the fifth insulating gap can be located in a region of the first parasitic stub 231 where the current is relatively high. The region of relatively high current should be understood as referring to the first parasitic stub 231 without the gap (for example, operating in a quarter-wavelength mode). When the fifth insulating gap is provided, the electric field strength of the first parasitic stub 231 is weakened, achieving the effect of dispersing the electric field, thereby improving the system efficiency and radiation efficiency of the antenna 200.

In one embodiment, the distance between the third connection point 223 and/or the second connection point 222 and the fifth insulation gap is less than or equal to 5 mm.

The distance between the third connection point 223 and/or the second connection point 222 and the fifth insulating gap can be understood as the minimum distance between the third connection point 223 and/or the second connection point 222 and the conductors on both sides of the fifth insulating gap (the length of the first parasitic stub 231 between the third connection point 223 and/or the second connection point 222 and the fifth insulating gap). When electrically connected to the third connection point 223 and/or the second connection point 222 via a connector (e.g., a metal spring), the distance to the fifth insulating gap can be understood as the minimum distance between the center of the portion of the connector in contact with the connection point and the conductors on both sides of the fifth insulating gap.

In one embodiment, the second element 242 coupled between the second connection point 222 and the third connection point 223 may be a capacitor or an element equivalent to a capacitor.

In one embodiment, the equivalent capacitance value of the second element 242 can be less than or equal to a first threshold value. The first threshold value can be designed based on the resonance point frequency of the first parasitic resonance generated by the first parasitic stub 231. When the resonance point frequency of the first parasitic resonance is less than or equal to 1 GHz, the first threshold value is 10 pF. When the resonance point frequency of the first parasitic resonance is greater than 1 GHz, the first threshold value is 2 pF.

In one embodiment, the second element 242 coupled between the second connection point 222 and the third connection point 223 may be an inductor or an element equivalent to an inductor.

In one embodiment, the equivalent inductance of the second element 242 may be less than or equal to 10 nH.

It should be understood that by designing the equivalent capacitance value or equivalent inductance value of the second element 242 according to the frequency of the resonance point of different parasitic resonances, the current distribution on the first parasitic branch 231 can be made more dispersed, the conductor loss can be reduced, and the radiation aperture of the first parasitic branch 231 can be increased, thereby improving the radiation characteristics of the antenna (for example, radiation efficiency and system efficiency).

FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of current distribution of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG. 11 .

It should be understood that for the sake of intuitiveness, the simulation results shown in FIG13 only show the current on the parts related to the antenna 200 (eg, the radiator 210, the first parasitic stub 231 and the ground 300), and the rest are not shown.

As shown in FIG13 , at the resonance point of the first resonance, the current on the radiator 210 and the current on the first parasitic branch 231 are in the same direction (the current transmission path is counterclockwise), forming a structure similar to the folded dipole antenna in the above embodiment.

FIG. 14 shows simulation results of the radiation efficiency of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG. 11 .

It should be understood that for the sake of simplicity, the embodiments of this application are described using the antenna's operating frequency band (the resonant frequency band of the first resonance) as an example, including the receiving frequency band (2170 MHz-2200 MHz) of the Tiantong satellite system. Figure 14 shows the radiation efficiency when the distance between the third position and the first edge (or radiator) along the extension direction of the second edge is 0 mm, 10 mm, 20 mm, and 30 mm, respectively.

As shown in Figure 14 , because the first parasitic resonance is driven by a portion of the current, a significant dip appears in the radiation efficiency curve, located near 2 GHz. Furthermore, the location of this dip remains roughly the same as the third position moves away from the first edge (or radiator).

Figures 15 to 18 are directional patterns of antenna 200 in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 11. Figure 15 shows the directional pattern of antenna 200 when the distance between the third position and the first edge along the second side in the direction of extension is 0 mm. Figure 16 shows the directional pattern of antenna 200 when the distance between the third position and the first edge along the second side in the direction of extension is 10 mm. Figure 17 shows the directional pattern of antenna 200 when the distance between the third position and the first edge along the second side in the direction of extension is 20 mm. Figure 18 shows the directional pattern of antenna 200 when the distance between the third position and the first edge along the second side in the direction of extension is 30 mm.

As shown in Figures 15 to 18, as the first parasitic branch moves away from the radiator (the distance between the third position and the first edge in the extension direction of the second edge increases), the length of the bent part in the structure similar to a folded dipole antenna formed by the radiator and the first parasitic branch increases, and the radiation toward the side of the first parasitic branch in the radiation pattern generated by the antenna is enhanced.

Therefore, as the first parasitic branch moves away from the radiator, the beam width of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna toward the first parasitic branch increases, and the antenna 200 has a better wide-beam characteristic.

FIG19 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

As shown in FIG. 19 , the frame 11 is coupled to the floor 300 at the third position 203 .

Antenna 200 may also include a second parasitic stub 232. Second parasitic stub 232 comprises a conductive portion of frame 11 between second position 202 and third position 203. At least a portion of second parasitic stub 232 is spaced apart from floor 300. In one embodiment, a first end of second parasitic stub 232 is open and a second end is grounded, forming a structure similar to an IFA. Second parasitic stub 232 operates in quarter-wavelength mode.

It should be understood that the antenna 200 shown in FIG19 differs from the antenna 200 shown in FIG11 (or FIG12 ) only in the second parasitic stub 232. In the antenna 200 shown in FIG11 , the conductive portion between the second position 202 and the third position 203 does not function as a parasitic stub (e.g., the conductive portion couples to the floor 300 near the second position 202) and cannot couple energy from the radiator 210 to generate resonance. In contrast, in the antenna 200 shown in FIG19 , the conductive portion of the frame 11 between the second position 202 and the third position 203, near the radiator 210, is open at one end and can function as the second parasitic stub 232.

The second parasitic branch 232 can be used to draw current flowing toward the first parasitic branch 231 , enhance the radiation characteristics of the first parasitic branch 231 , and adjust the intensity of radiation generated by the antenna 200 toward the side of the first parasitic branch 231 , thereby adjusting the wide beam characteristics of the antenna 200 .

In one embodiment, the first end of the second parasitic stub 232 and the first end of the radiator 210 are opposite each other through a second insulating gap and do not contact each other. The first end of the second parasitic stub 232 may also include a fourth connection point 224. Antenna 200 may also include a third element 243. Third element 243 is coupled between the fourth connection point 224 and the ground plane 300.

It should be understood that the third element 243 can be used to adjust the coupling amount between the second parasitic branch 232 and the radiator 210, adjust the current flowing to the first parasitic branch 231, and thus adjust the radiation characteristics (for example, beam width) on the side toward the first parasitic branch 231 in the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200.

In one embodiment, the second parasitic branch 232 can be used to generate a second parasitic resonance. The resonant frequency of the second parasitic resonance is greater than the resonant frequency of the first resonance. In one embodiment, the frequency difference between the resonant frequency of the second parasitic resonance and the resonant frequency of the first resonance is greater than 200 MHz. In one embodiment, the frequency difference between the resonant frequency of the second parasitic resonance and the resonant frequency of the first resonance is greater than 300 MHz.

It should be understood that when the resonance point of the second parasitic resonance is located in the resonance frequency band of the first resonance, the radiation efficiency in the resonance frequency band of the first resonance will be depressed, thereby reducing the radiation characteristics (eg, radiation efficiency) of the antenna 200 .

In one embodiment, the distance between the fourth connection point 224 and the second position 202 (the length of the second parasitic stub 232) is less than or equal to one-third of the length of the second parasitic stub 232. In one embodiment, the distance between the fourth connection point 224 and the second position 202 is less than or equal to 5 mm.

It should be understood that moving the fourth connection point 224 toward the second position 202 makes it easier to control the coupling amount between the second parasitic stub 232 and the radiator 210 .

In one embodiment, the length L3 of the second parasitic stub 232 (the length of the frame 11 between the second position 202 and the third position 203 ) and the length L1 of the radiator 210 (the length of the frame 11 between the first position 201 and the second position 202 ) satisfy: L1×40%≤L3≤L1×90%.

In one embodiment, the radiator 210 may further include a grounding point 212. The grounding point 212 is located between the first connection point 221 and the feeding point 211. The radiator 210 is coupled to the floor 300 at the grounding point 212.

It should be understood that when the radiator 210 is coupled to the floor 300 at the grounding point 212, the radiator 210 is also used to generate a second resonance. The second resonance is generated by the line CM mode described in the above embodiment.

In one embodiment, the resonance point frequency of the second resonance is lower than the resonance point frequency of the first resonance.

In one embodiment, the frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the first resonance and the resonance point frequency of the third resonance is less than a first threshold. In one embodiment, the first threshold is 400 MHz. In one embodiment, the first threshold is 300 MHz.

It should be understood that when radiator 210 is coupled to floor 300 at ground point 212, a second resonance may be generated by the line CM mode. When the frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the resonance generated by the line CM mode and the resonance point frequency of the resonance generated by the line DM mode is within the above range, antenna 200 has better radiation characteristics (e.g., radiation efficiency).

In one embodiment, when radiator 210 is coupled to floor 300 at ground point 212, both ends of radiator 210 are open, allowing radiator 210 to operate in half-wavelength mode. The electrical length of radiator 210 is half the second wavelength, where the second wavelength corresponds to the center frequency between the two resonant frequencies generated by radiator 210. In one embodiment, the second wavelength is greater than the first wavelength.

In one embodiment, the grounding point 212 may be located in the central area of the radiator 210 . The central area may be understood as an area within 5 mm from the center of the radiator 210 .

It should be understood that by increasing the structural symmetry of the antenna 200 , the antenna 200 can have better communication performance.

In one embodiment, grounding can be achieved through a grounding member at the grounding point 212. The width of the connection between the grounding member and the frame 11 is greater than or equal to 1 mm and less than or equal to 20 mm.

In one embodiment, when the grounding element includes at least a portion of the central area of the first radiator 210 , the grounding point can be considered to be located in the central area of the first radiator 210 .

For the sake of simplicity, the parts of the antenna 200 shown in Figure 19 that are similar to the antenna 200 shown in Figures 9 to 12 will not be repeated one by one. For example, the similar parts include: the position of the radiator 210; the position of the first parasitic branch 231; the relationship between the main resonance generated by the radiator 210 and the first parasitic resonance generated by the first parasitic branch; the frequency band included in the resonant frequency band of the first resonance; the position of the feeding point 211; the position of the first connection point 221; and so on.

Figures 20 and 21 are simulation results of antenna 200 in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 19. Figure 20 shows the S parameters of antenna 200 in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 19. Figure 21 shows the simulation result of the radiation efficiency of antenna 200 in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 19.

It should be understood that the simulation results shown in Figures 20 and 21 show the simulation results when the antenna 200 is not provided with parasitic branches (first parasitic branches 231 and second parasitic branches 232), only with the second parasitic branches 232, and with the first parasitic branches 231 and second parasitic branches 232.

As shown in FIG. 20 , the antennas 200 of the three structures can all resonate at around 2 GHz and around 2.2 GHz.

The resonance generated near 2 GHz may correspond to the second resonance generated by the linear CM mode in the above embodiment, and the resonance generated near 2.2 GHz may correspond to the first resonance generated by the linear DM mode in the above embodiment.

The antenna 200 including the second parasitic branch 232 can generate resonance near 2.9 GHz, which may correspond to the second parasitic resonance in the above embodiment.

Since the coupling between the radiator and the first parasitic branch is weak, the first parasitic resonance cannot be well excited. Therefore, the pit corresponding to the first parasitic resonance does not appear clearly in the S-parameter graph.

As shown in FIG. 21 , when the second parasitic branch is provided, the efficiency of the antenna 200 is significantly improved near 2.2 GHz (near the transmission frequency band (1980 MHz-2010 MHz) in the Tiantong satellite system).

Furthermore, since the first parasitic resonance is excited by a portion of the current, when the first parasitic stub is provided, an obvious pit will appear in the radiation efficiency curve (compared to when only the second parasitic stub is included), and the radiation efficiency pit is located near 2 GHz.

Figures 22 and 23 illustrate the directional patterns of antenna 200 at 2.2 GHz in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 19 . Figure 22 illustrates the two-dimensional directional pattern produced when antenna 200 is not equipped with parasitic stubs (first parasitic stub 231 and second parasitic stub 232). Figure 23 illustrates the two-dimensional directional pattern produced when antenna 200 is equipped with first parasitic stub 231 and second parasitic stub 232.

It should be understood that in the two-dimensional directional diagram shown in the embodiment of the present application, the vertical axis is the angle Theta (θ) with the z direction (top direction, the direction from the bottom of the electronic device to the top) and the z axis), and the horizontal axis is the angle Phi (φ) with the x direction (the extension direction of the first side) (the angle with the x axis in the xoy plane).

As shown in FIG. 22 , when the parasitic branches (the first parasitic branch and the second parasitic branch) are not provided, the antenna has pits near 0°≤Phi≤50° and near 150°≤Phi≤250°.

With a gain greater than -7dBic as the limit, the antenna has good radiation characteristics only when Theta (θ) is less than 40° (the angle with the top direction of the electronic device).

As shown in FIG23 , when the first parasitic branch and the second parasitic branch are set, the pit generated near 150°≤Phi≤250° disappears, the radiation of the antenna on the side facing the first parasitic branch is enhanced, and the pit generated near 0°≤Phi≤50° is also improved to a certain extent.

With a gain greater than -7dBic, the antenna has good radiation characteristics only when Theta (θ) is less than 60° (the angle with the top direction of the electronic device).

FIG24 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

As shown in FIG. 24 , the frame 11 further includes a third side 133 intersecting the first side 131 at an angle.

The third side 133 includes a fifth position 205 and a sixth position 206. In one embodiment, the fifth position 205 is located between the sixth position 206 and the first position 201.

The antenna 200 may further include a third parasitic stub 233. The third parasitic stub 233 includes a conductor portion of the frame 11 between the fifth position 205 and the sixth position 206. At least a portion of the third parasitic stub 233 is spaced apart from the floor 300.

The radiator 210 is used to generate the main resonance, and the third parasitic branch 233 is used to generate the third parasitic resonance. The frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the third parasitic resonance and the resonance point frequency of the main resonance is less than or equal to 500 MHz. In one embodiment, the frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the third parasitic resonance and the resonance point frequency of the main resonance is greater than or equal to 50 MHz, and less than or equal to 300 MHz. In one embodiment, the frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the third parasitic resonance and the resonance point frequency of the main resonance is greater than or equal to 100 MHz, and less than or equal to 200 MHz. The main resonance, the first parasitic resonance and the third parasitic resonance together form the first resonance (because the frequency difference between the resonance point of the third parasitic resonance and the resonance point of the main resonance is small, in the S-parameter diagram, the main resonance, the first parasitic resonance and the third parasitic resonance are merged into one resonance). In one embodiment, the resonance point of the third parasitic resonance is located within the resonance frequency band of the main resonance.

At the same time, in an embodiment of the present application, the coupling between the radiator 210 and the third parasitic branch 233 is weak, and the third parasitic resonance cannot be well excited. Therefore, the pit corresponding to the third parasitic resonance does not appear clearly in the S-parameter diagram. However, since the third parasitic resonance is excited by part of the current, an obvious pit will appear in the efficiency curve (for example, radiation efficiency or system efficiency). For example, if an efficiency pit appears at the second frequency point, the second frequency point can be considered to correspond to the resonance point of the above-mentioned third parasitic resonance. In one embodiment, the efficiency (for example, radiation efficiency or system efficiency) caused by the pit does not exceed 1.5dB. In one embodiment, the efficiency (for example, radiation efficiency or system efficiency) caused by the pit does not exceed 1dB.

It should be understood that the antenna 200 shown in FIG24 differs from the antenna 200 shown in FIG9 through FIG12 only in the third parasitic stub 233. In the antenna 200 shown in FIG9 through FIG12, only the conductive portion between the third position 203 and the fourth position 204 serves as the first parasitic stub 231, and the third parasitic stub 233 is not provided. In the antenna 200 shown in FIG9 through FIG12, radiation directed toward the side of the first parasitic stub 231 (the bent side) can be enhanced, thereby widening the beamwidth of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 toward the side of the first parasitic stub 231.

In the antenna 200 shown in FIG. 24 , based on the antenna 200 shown in FIG. 9 to FIG. 12 , the conductive portion between the fifth position 205 and the sixth position 206 serves as the third parasitic stub 233. Since the radiator 210 is located on the first side 131, the first parasitic stub 231 is located on the second side 132, and the third parasitic stub 233 is located on the third side 133, the radiator 210, the first parasitic stub 231, and the third parasitic stub 233 form a structure similar to the folded dipole antenna described in the above-described embodiment. Since both ends of the dipole-like structure are bent, the first parasitic stub 231 enhances radiation toward the first parasitic stub 231, while the third parasitic stub 233 enhances radiation toward the third parasitic stub 233, thereby broadening the beamwidth of the antenna 200's pattern toward both sides of the top.

In one embodiment, the current on the first parasitic stub 231 , the current on the third parasitic stub 233 , and the current on the radiator 210 have the same direction (the current path is clockwise or counterclockwise).

In one embodiment, the current on the first parasitic stub 231 is opposite to the current on the third parasitic stub 233. For example, the current on the first parasitic stub 231 is transmitted in the positive direction along the z-axis, and the current on the third parasitic stub 233 is transmitted in the negative direction along the z-axis.

It should be understood that when the current on the first parasitic branch 231, the current on the third parasitic branch 233 and the current on the radiator 210 are transmitted clockwise or counterclockwise, the radiator 210, the first parasitic branch 231 and the third parasitic branch 233 can better form a structure similar to the folded dipole antenna in the above embodiment, thereby expanding the beam width of the antenna 200.

In one embodiment, the distance between the fifth position 205 and the first side 131 (or the radiator 210 ) along the extending direction of the third side 133 is less than or equal to one third of the length of the third side 133 .

The length of the third side 133 may be understood as the length of the third side 133 in the extending direction (eg, z-direction) of the third side 133 .

In one embodiment, the distance between the fifth position 205 and the first side 131 (or the radiator 210 ) along the extending direction of the third side 133 is less than or equal to 60 mm.

In one embodiment, the distance between the sixth position 206 and the first side 131 (or the radiator 210 ) along the extending direction of the third side 133 is less than or equal to half the length of the third side 133 .

In one embodiment, the distance between the sixth position 206 and the first side 131 (or the radiator 210 ) along the extending direction of the third side 133 is less than or equal to 90 mm.

It should be understood that when the third parasitic branch 233 is close to the radiator 210 , the third parasitic resonance generated by the third parasitic branch 233 can be better stimulated, so that the antenna 200 has better radiation characteristics.

In one embodiment, the frame 11 has a sixth insulating gap and a seventh insulating gap at the fifth position 205 and the sixth position 206 , respectively.

It should be understood that both ends of the third parasitic branch 233 are open ends, forming a dipole-like antenna structure. The third parasitic branch 233 operates in a half-wavelength mode.

In one embodiment, the length L4 of the third parasitic branch 233 (the length of the border 11 between the fifth position 205 and the sixth position 206) and the length L1 of the radiator 210 (the length of the border 11 between the first position 201 and the second position 202) satisfy: L1×80%≤L4≤L1×120%.

In one embodiment, the frame 11 is coupled to the floor 300 at the fifth position 205 and has a seventh insulating gap at the sixth position 206. In one embodiment, the frame 11 has a sixth insulating gap at the fifth position 205 and is coupled to the floor 300 at the sixth position 206.

It should be understood that the third parasitic branch 233 has a grounded end and an open end, forming a structure similar to an IFA. The third parasitic branch 233 operates in a quarter-wavelength mode.

In one embodiment, the length L4 of the third parasitic branch 233 (the length of the border 11 between the fifth position 205 and the sixth position 206) and the length L1 of the radiator 210 (the length of the border 11 between the first position 201 and the second position 202) satisfy: L1×40%≤L4≤L1×90%.

In one embodiment, the third parasitic stub 233 further includes a fifth connection point and a sixth connection point, and has an eighth insulating gap between the fifth connection point and the sixth connection point.

It should be understood that the third parasitic branch 233 has a grounded end and an open end, and has an eighth insulating gap, forming the metamaterial structure in the above embodiment. The third parasitic branch 233 operates in a quarter-wavelength mode.

It should be understood that, for the sake of simplicity of discussion, in the antenna 200 shown in Figure 24, only the example in which the frame 11 is coupled with the floor 300 at the third position 203, has a fourth insulating gap at the fourth position 204, is coupled with the floor 300 at the fifth position 205, has a seventh insulating gap at the sixth position 206, and the first parasitic branch 231 and the third parasitic branch 233 form an IFA-like structure is used for illustration. In actual production or design, the first parasitic branch 231 and the third parasitic branch 233 can be any structure, and the structures of the first parasitic branch 231 and the third parasitic branch 233 can be the same or different. The embodiments of the present application do not limit this and will not be described one by one.

For the sake of simplicity, the parts of the antenna 200 shown in Figure 24 that are similar to the antenna 200 shown in Figures 9 to 12 are not repeated one by one. For example, the similar parts include: the position of the radiator 210; the position of the first parasitic branch 231; the relationship between the main resonance generated by the radiator 210 and the first parasitic resonance generated by the first parasitic branch; the frequency band included in the resonant frequency band of the first resonance; the position of the feeding point 211; the position of the first connection point 221; and so on.

FIG. 25 is a schematic diagram showing current distribution of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 10 shown in FIG. 24 .

It should be understood that for the sake of intuitiveness, in the simulation results shown in Figure 25, only the current on the parts related to the antenna 200 (for example, the radiator 210, the first parasitic branch 231, the third parasitic branch 233 and the floor 300) is shown, and the rest of the parts are not shown.

As shown in FIG25 , at the resonance point of the first resonance, the current on the radiator 210, the current on the first parasitic branch 231 and the current on the third parasitic branch 233 are in the same direction (the current transmission path is clockwise), which can form a structure similar to the folded dipole antenna in the above embodiment.

Figures 26 and 27 illustrate the directional patterns of antenna 200 at 2.2 GHz in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 24 . Figure 26 illustrates the directional pattern produced when antenna 200 is not equipped with parasitic stubs (first parasitic stub 231 and third parasitic stub 233). Figure 27 illustrates the directional pattern produced when antenna 200 is equipped with first parasitic stub 231 and third parasitic stub 233.

As shown in FIG26 and FIG27 , when the first parasitic branch and the third parasitic branch are provided, the radiation of the antenna toward the first parasitic branch and the radiation toward the third parasitic branch are enhanced, and the beam width of the directional pattern generated by the antenna is increased.

FIG28 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

As shown in FIG. 28 , the frame 11 is coupled to the floor 300 at the third position 203 and is coupled to the floor 300 at the fifth position 205 .

The antenna 200 may further include a second parasitic stub 232 and a fourth parasitic stub 234 .

Second parasitic stub 232 includes a conductive portion of frame 11 between second position 202 and third position 203. At least a portion of second parasitic stub 232 is spaced apart from floor 300. In one embodiment, a first end of second parasitic stub 232 is open and a second end is grounded, forming a structure similar to an IFA. Second parasitic stub 232 operates in quarter-wavelength mode.

Fourth parasitic stub 234 comprises a conductive portion of frame 11 between first position 201 and fifth position 205. At least a portion of fourth parasitic stub 234 is spaced apart from floor 300. In one embodiment, a first end of fourth parasitic stub 234 is open and a second end is grounded, forming a structure similar to an IFA. Fourth parasitic stub 234 operates in quarter-wavelength mode.

It should be understood that the antenna 200 shown in FIG. 28 differs from the antenna 200 shown in FIG. 24 only in the second parasitic stub 232 and the fourth parasitic stub 234. In the antenna 200 shown in FIG. 24, the conductive portion between the second position 202 and the third position 203, and the conductive portion between the first position 201 and the fifth position 205 do not function as parasitic stubs (e.g., these conductive portions couple to the floor 300 near the second position 202 and the first position 201), and thus cannot couple energy from the radiator 210 to generate resonance. In contrast, in the antenna 200 shown in FIG. 24, the conductive portion between the second position 202 and the third position 203, and the conductive portion between the first position 201 and the fifth position 205, have open ends near the radiator 210, thus functioning as the second parasitic stub 232 and the fourth parasitic stub 234.

The second parasitic branch 232 can be used to draw current flowing toward the first parasitic branch 231, enhance the radiation characteristics of the first parasitic branch 231, and adjust the intensity of radiation generated by the antenna 200 toward the side of the first parasitic branch 231, thereby adjusting the beam width of the antenna 200 toward the side of the first parasitic branch 231.

The fourth parasitic branch 234 can be used to draw current flowing to the third parasitic branch 233, enhance the radiation characteristics of the third parasitic branch 233, and adjust the intensity of radiation generated by the antenna 200 toward the side of the third parasitic branch 233, thereby adjusting the beam width of the antenna 200 toward the side of the third parasitic branch 233.

In one embodiment, the first end of the second parasitic stub 232 and the first end of the radiator 210 are opposite each other through a second insulating gap and do not contact each other. The first end of the second parasitic stub 232 may also include a fourth connection point 224. Antenna 200 may also include a third element 243. Third element 243 is coupled between the fourth connection point 224 and the ground plane 300.

It should be understood that the third element 243 can be used to adjust the coupling amount between the second parasitic branch 232 and the radiator 210, adjust the current flowing to the first parasitic branch 231, and thus adjust the radiation characteristics (for example, beam width) on the side toward the first parasitic branch 231 in the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200.

In one embodiment, the first end of the fourth parasitic stub 234 and the second end of the radiator 210 are opposite each other through a first insulating gap and do not contact each other. The first end of the fourth parasitic stub 234 may also include a fifth connection point 225. Antenna 200 may also include a fourth element 244. Fourth element 244 is coupled between the fourth parasitic stub 234 and the ground plane 300.

It should be understood that the fourth element 244 can be used to adjust the coupling amount between the fourth parasitic branch 234 and the radiator 210, adjust the current flowing to the third parasitic branch 233, and thus adjust the radiation characteristics (for example, beam width) on the side toward the third parasitic branch 233 in the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200.

In one embodiment, the second parasitic branch 232 can be used to generate a second parasitic resonance. The resonant frequency of the second parasitic resonance is greater than the resonant frequency of the first resonance. In one embodiment, the frequency difference between the resonant frequency of the second parasitic resonance and the resonant frequency of the first resonance is greater than 200 MHz. In one embodiment, the frequency difference between the resonant frequency of the second parasitic resonance and the resonant frequency of the first resonance is greater than 300 MHz.

In one embodiment, the fourth parasitic stub 234 can be used to generate a fourth parasitic resonance. The resonant frequency of the fourth parasitic resonance is greater than the resonant frequency of the first resonance. In one embodiment, the frequency difference between the resonant frequency of the fourth parasitic resonance and the resonant frequency of the first resonance is greater than 200 MHz. In one embodiment, the frequency difference between the resonant frequency of the fourth parasitic resonance and the resonant frequency of the first resonance is greater than 300 MHz.

It should be understood that when the resonance point of the second parasitic resonance and the resonance point of the fourth parasitic resonance are located in the resonance frequency band of the first resonance, the radiation efficiency in the resonance frequency band of the first resonance will be recessed, thereby reducing the radiation characteristics (for example, radiation efficiency) of the antenna 200.

In one embodiment, the distance between the fourth connection point 224 and the second position 202 (the length of the second parasitic stub 232) is less than or equal to one-third of the length of the second parasitic stub 232. In one embodiment, the distance between the fourth connection point 224 and the second position 202 is less than or equal to 5 mm.

It should be understood that moving the fourth connection point 224 toward the second position 202 makes it easier to control the coupling amount between the second parasitic stub 232 and the radiator 210 .

In one embodiment, the distance between the fifth connection point 225 and the first position 201 (the length of the fourth parasitic stub 234) is less than or equal to one-third of the length of the fourth parasitic stub 234. In one embodiment, the distance between the fifth connection point 225 and the first position 201 is less than or equal to 5 mm.

It should be understood that moving the fifth connection point 225 toward the first position 201 makes it easier to control the coupling amount between the fourth parasitic stub 234 and the radiator 210 .

In one embodiment, the length L3 of the second parasitic stub 232 (the length of the frame 11 between the second position 202 and the third position 203 ) and the length L1 of the radiator 210 (the length of the frame 11 between the first position 201 and the second position 202 ) satisfy: L1×40%≤L3≤L1×90%.

In one embodiment, the length L5 of the fourth parasitic stub 234 (the length of the frame 11 between the first position 201 and the fifth position 205 ) and the length L1 of the radiator 210 (the length of the frame 11 between the first position 201 and the second position 202 ) satisfy: L1×40%≤L5≤L1×90%.

For the sake of simplicity in discussion, the parts of the antenna 200 shown in Figure 28 that are similar to those of the antenna 200 shown in Figure 24 are not described one by one. For example, the similar parts include: the position of the radiator 210; the position of the first parasitic branch 231; the position of the third parasitic branch 233; the relationship between the main resonance generated by the radiator 210 and the first parasitic resonance generated by the first parasitic branch; the relationship between the main resonance generated by the radiator 210 and the third parasitic resonance generated by the third parasitic branch; the frequency band included in the resonant frequency band of the first resonance; the position of the feeding point 211; the position of the first connection point 221; and so on.

FIG29 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

As shown in FIG. 29 , the electronic device 10 includes a frame 11 , an antenna 200 , and a floor 300 .

At least part of the frame 11 is spaced apart from the floor 300. The frame 11 includes a first position 201, a second position 202, a third position 203, and a fourth position 204. The frame 11 has a first insulating gap and a second insulating gap at the first position 201 and the second position 202.

The frame 11 includes a first side 131 and a second side 132 intersecting the first side 131 at an angle. The length of the first side 131 is shorter than the length of the second side 132. The first position 201 and the second position 202 are located on the first side 131. The third position 203 and the fourth position 204 are located on the second side 132. In one embodiment, the first side 131 can be understood as a short side of the electronic device 10.

The antenna 200 includes a first radiator 310 , a second radiator 320 and a power division and phase shifting circuit 330 .

The first radiator 310 includes a conductive portion of the frame 11 between the first position 201 and the second position 202. At least a portion of the first radiator 310 is spaced apart from the floor 300.

The second radiator 320 includes a conductive portion of the frame 11 between the third position 203 and the fourth position 204. At least a portion of the second radiator 320 is spaced apart from the floor 300.

The first radiator 310 includes a first feeding point 311, the second radiator 320 includes a second feeding point 312, and the first port of the power divider and phase shifter circuit 330 is coupled to the first feeding point 311, and the second port is coupled to the second feeding point 312. The phase difference between the first port (transmitted RF signal) and the second port (transmitted RF signal) is greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 45°.

The power division and phase shift circuit 330 is used to transmit the radio frequency signal of the first frequency band and the radio frequency signal of the second frequency band in the above embodiment.

In one embodiment, the first frequency band may include at least part of the frequency band within 1.5 GHz to 4.5 GHz. In one embodiment, the antenna 200 operates in the Tiantong satellite system, and the first frequency band may include the transmit frequency band therein (e.g., 1980 MHz-2010 MHz). In one embodiment, the antenna 200 operates in the Beidou satellite system, and the first frequency band may include the transmit frequency band therein (e.g., 1610 MHz-1626.5 MHz). In one embodiment, the antenna 200 operates in a low-orbit satellite system (e.g., StarNet), and the first frequency band may include the transmit frequency band therein (e.g., 1668 MHz-1675 MHz).

In one embodiment, the second frequency band may include at least part of the frequency band within the range of 1.5 GHz to 4.5 GHz. In one embodiment, the antenna 200 operates in the Tiantong satellite system, and the second frequency band may include a receiving frequency band therein (e.g., 2170 MHz-2200 MHz). In one embodiment, the antenna 200 operates in the Beidou satellite system, and the second frequency band may include a receiving frequency band therein (e.g., 2483.5 MHz-2500 MHz). In one embodiment, the second frequency band may include a receiving frequency band therein (e.g., 1518 MHz-1525 MHz).

Among them, the power division phase shift circuit 330 can be used to distribute the power of the RF signal generated by the feed source (for example, an RF channel in the electronic device 10, used to generate the RF signal radiated by the antenna 200, or used to process the RF signal received by the antenna 200) and transmit it to the first port and the second port to achieve power division characteristics. In addition, the power division phase shift circuit 330 can also be used to adjust the phase of the RF signal at the first port (first feeding point 211) and the second port (second feeding point 312) to achieve a phase shift function. In one embodiment, the power of the RF signal at the first port (first feeding point 211) and the second port (second feeding point 312) is approximately the same (for example, due to the different circuit paths between the feed source to the first port and the second port, there is some power loss, so the power error within 15% can be considered to be approximately the same).

It should be understood that the power division phase shift circuit 330 can be understood as a circuit for achieving the above-mentioned functions. In one embodiment, the power division phase shift circuit 330 can be understood as a circuit including a power division phase shift chip, which has the above-mentioned functions. In one embodiment, the power division phase shift circuit 330 can be understood as a circuit including a power divider chip and a phase shifter chip, which has the above-mentioned functions. In one embodiment, the power division phase shift circuit 330 can be understood as a circuit composed of microstrip lines/strip lines, which has the above-mentioned functions. The embodiments of the present application do not limit the structure of the power division phase shift circuit 330, which can be determined based on actual production or design. For the sake of brevity, it will not be detailed here.

It should be understood that the difference between the antenna 200 shown in FIG. 29 and the antenna 200 shown in the above embodiments (eg, FIG. 9 to FIG. 12 , FIG. 19 , FIG. 24 , and FIG. 28 ) is only the power division and phase shift circuit 330 .

In the antenna 200 shown in the above embodiment (for example, Figure 9), the conductor portion of the frame 11 between the first position 201 and the second position 202 serves as a radiator (a feeding point is set), and the conductor portion of the frame 11 between the third position 203 and the fourth position 204 serves as a parasitic branch (no feeding point is set). The parasitic branch is coupled to produce parasitic resonance, thereby forming a structure similar to a folded dipole antenna.

In antenna 200 shown in FIG29 , the conductive portion of frame 11 between first position 201 and second position 202, and the conductive portion of frame 11 between third position 203 and fourth position 204, both serve as radiators (with feeding points). Radio frequency signals with different phases are simultaneously fed into first feeding point 311 and second feeding point 312, thereby creating a structure similar to a folded dipole antenna to expand the beamwidth of antenna 200.

In the antenna 200 shown in Figure 29, since the conductor part of the frame 11 between the third position 203 and the fourth position 204 is fed with the radio frequency signal by the second feeding point 312, compared with the parasitic resonance generated by coupling in the above embodiment, the conductor part of the frame 11 between the third position 203 and the fourth position 204 can have better radiation characteristics, and the beam width of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 toward the side of the second radiator 320 (the first parasitic branch 231 in the above embodiment) can be further widened.

In one embodiment, the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 are configured to generate a first resonance, wherein a resonant frequency band of the first resonance may include the first frequency band or the second frequency band.

In one embodiment, the antenna 200 may further include a tuning circuit. The tuning circuit is coupled to the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 and is configured to adjust the resonant point frequency of the first resonance generated by the first radiator 310 and the second radiator 320 so that the resonant frequency band of the first resonance includes the first frequency band or the second frequency band, thereby enabling the antenna 200 to operate in the first frequency band and the second frequency band in different time slots.

In one embodiment, at the resonance point of the first resonance, the current on the first radiator 310 and the current on the second radiator 320 are in the same direction (the current transmission path is counterclockwise), which can better form a structure similar to the folded dipole antenna in the above embodiment, thereby expanding the beam width of the antenna 200.

In one embodiment, the distance between the first feeding point 311 and the adjacent end of the first radiator 310 (e.g., the second position 202) (the length of the first radiator 310) is less than or equal to one-third of the length of the first radiator 310. In one embodiment, the distance between the first feeding point 311 and the adjacent end of the first radiator 310 is less than or equal to 5 mm.

In one embodiment, the frame 11 has a third insulating gap and a fourth insulating gap at the third position 203 and the fourth position 204 , respectively.

It should be understood that both ends of the second radiator 320 are open ends, forming a dipole-like antenna structure. The second radiator 320 operates in a half-wavelength mode.

In one embodiment, the length L2 of the second radiator 320 (the length of the frame 11 between the third position 203 and the fourth position 204) and the length L1 of the first radiator 310 (the length of the frame 11 between the first position 201 and the second position 202) satisfy: L1×80%≤L2≤L1×120%.

In one embodiment, the frame 11 is coupled to the floor 300 at the third position 203 and has a fourth insulating gap at the fourth position 204. In one embodiment, the frame 11 has a third insulating gap at the third position 203 and is coupled to the floor 300 at the fourth position 204.

It should be understood that the second radiator 320 has a grounded end at one end and an open end at the other end, forming a structure similar to an IFA. The second radiator 320 operates in a quarter-wavelength mode.

In one embodiment, the length L2 of the second radiator 320 (the length of the frame 11 between the third position 203 and the fourth position 204) and the length L1 of the first radiator 310 (the length of the frame 11 between the first position 201 and the second position 202) satisfy: L1×40%≤L2≤L1×90%.

In one embodiment, the second radiator 320 further includes two connection points. The second radiator 320 has an insulating gap between the two connection points, forming the metamaterial structure in the above embodiment. For the sake of brevity, detailed description is omitted.

For the sake of simplicity, the parts of the antenna 200 shown in Figure 29 that are similar to the antenna 200 shown in the above embodiments (for example, Figures 9 to 12, Figure 19, Figure 24, and Figure 28) are not repeated one by one. For example, the similar parts include: the working mode of the first radiator 310 (equivalent to the radiator 210); the position of the second radiator 320 (equivalent to the first parasitic branch 231); the relative position of the first insulating gap and the second insulating gap; the position of the first connection point and related information of the first element; the position of the grounding point on the first radiator 310 (equivalent to the radiator 210); and so on.

Figures 30 and 31 are directional patterns of antenna 200 at 2.2 GHz in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 29. Figure 30 shows the directional pattern produced when antenna 200 is not provided with second radiator 320, and Figure 31 shows the directional pattern produced when antenna 200 is provided with second radiator 320.

As shown in FIG30 and FIG31 , when the second radiator is provided, the radiation of the antenna toward the second radiator is enhanced, and the beam width of the directional pattern generated by the antenna on the second radiator side is significantly increased.

FIG32 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 10 provided in an embodiment of the present application.

As shown in FIG. 32 , the frame 11 further includes a third side 133 intersecting the first side 131 at an angle.

The third side 133 includes a fifth position 205 and a sixth position 206. In one embodiment, the fifth position 205 is located between the sixth position 206 and the first position 201.

Antenna 200 may further include a third radiator 340. Third radiator 340 includes a conductive portion of frame 11 between fifth position 205 and sixth position 206. At least a portion of third radiator 340 is spaced apart from floor 300.

The third radiator 340 includes a third feed point 313. The third port of the power divider and phase shift circuit 330 is coupled to the third feed point 313. The phase between the third port (transmitted RF signal) and the second port (transmitted RF signal) is reversed. Phase reversal can be understood as a phase difference greater than or equal to 150° and less than or equal to 210°.

It should be understood that the antenna 200 shown in Figure 32 differs from the antenna 200 shown in Figure 29 only in the third radiator 340. In the antenna 200 shown in Figure 29, only the conductive portion between the third position 203 and the fourth position 204 serves as the second radiator 320; the third radiator 340 is not provided. In the antenna 200 shown in Figure 29, radiation directed toward the side of the second radiator 320 (the bent side) can be enhanced, thereby widening the beamwidth of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna 200 toward the side of the second radiator 320.

In the antenna 200 shown in FIG32 , based on the antenna 200 shown in FIG28 , the conductive portion between the fifth position 205 and the sixth position 206 serves as the third radiator 340. Since the first radiator 310 is located on the first side 131, the second radiator 320 is located on the second side 132, and the third radiator 340 is located on the third side 133, the first radiator 310, the second radiator 320, and the third radiator 340 can form a structure similar to the folded dipole antenna described in the above embodiment. Since both ends of the dipole antenna-like structure are bent, the second radiator 320 can enhance the radiation toward the second radiator 320 side, while the third radiator 340 can enhance the radiation toward the third radiator 340 side, thereby widening the beamwidth of the antenna 200's pattern toward both sides of the top.

In one embodiment, the current on the second radiator 320 , the current on the third radiator 340 , and the current on the first radiator 310 have the same direction (the current path is clockwise or counterclockwise).

In one embodiment, the current on the second radiator 320 is in opposite directions to the current on the third radiator 340. For example, the current on the second radiator 320 is transmitted in the positive direction along the z-axis, and the current on the third radiator 340 is transmitted in the negative direction along the z-axis.

It should be understood that when the current on the second radiator 320, the current on the third radiator 340 and the current on the first radiator 310 are transmitted clockwise or counterclockwise, the first radiator 310, the second radiator 320 and the third radiator 340 can better form a structure similar to the folded dipole antenna in the above embodiment, thereby expanding the beam width of the antenna 200.

In one embodiment, the distance between the fifth position 205 and the first side 131 (or the first radiator 310 ) along the extending direction of the third side 133 is less than or equal to one third of the length of the third side 133 .

The length of the third side 133 may be understood as the length of the third side 133 in the extending direction (eg, z-direction) of the third side 133 .

In one embodiment, the distance between the fifth position 205 and the first side 131 (or the first radiator 310 ) along the extending direction of the third side 133 is less than or equal to 60 mm.

In one embodiment, the distance between the sixth position 206 and the first side 131 (or the first radiator 310 ) along the extending direction of the third side 133 is less than or equal to half the length of the third side 133 .

In one embodiment, the distance between the sixth position 206 and the first side 131 (or the first radiator 310 ) along the extending direction of the third side 133 is less than or equal to 90 mm.

It should be understood that when the third radiator 340 is close to the first radiator 310 , the third parasitic resonance generated by the third radiator 340 can be better stimulated, so that the antenna 200 has better radiation characteristics.

In one embodiment, the frame 11 has a sixth insulating gap and a seventh insulating gap at the fifth position 205 and the sixth position 206 , respectively.

It should be understood that both ends of the third radiator 340 are open ends, forming a dipole-like antenna structure. The third radiator 340 operates in a half-wavelength mode.

In one embodiment, the length L4 of the third radiator 340 (the length of the frame 11 between the fifth position 205 and the sixth position 206) and the length L1 of the first radiator 310 (the length of the frame 11 between the first position 201 and the second position 202) satisfy: L1×80%≤L4≤L1×120%.

In one embodiment, the frame 11 is coupled to the floor 300 at the fifth position 205 and has a seventh insulating gap at the sixth position 206. In one embodiment, the frame 11 has a sixth insulating gap at the fifth position 205 and is coupled to the floor 300 at the sixth position 206.

It should be understood that the third radiator 340 has a grounded end and an open end, forming a structure similar to an IFA. The third radiator 340 operates in a quarter-wavelength mode.

In one embodiment, the length L4 of the third radiator 340 (the length of the frame 11 between the fifth position 205 and the sixth position 206) and the length L1 of the first radiator 310 (the length of the frame 11 between the first position 201 and the second position 202) satisfy: L1×40%≤L4≤L1×90%.

In one embodiment, the third radiator 340 further includes a fifth connection point and a sixth connection point, and the third radiator 340 has an eighth insulating gap between the fifth connection point and the sixth connection point.

It should be understood that the third radiator 340 has a grounded end and an open end, and has an eighth insulating gap, forming the metamaterial structure in the above embodiment. The third radiator 340 operates in a quarter-wavelength mode.

It should be understood that for the sake of brevity, the structures of the second radiator 320 and the third radiator 340 will not be described in detail. In actual production or design, the second radiator 320 and the third radiator 340 can have any structure. Furthermore, the structures of the second radiator 320 and the third radiator 340 can be the same or different, and this is not limited in the present embodiment.

For the sake of simplicity, the parts of the antenna 200 shown in Figure 32 that are similar to the antenna 200 shown in Figure 29 will not be repeated one by one. For example, the similar parts include: the working mode of the first radiator 310; the position of the second radiator 320; the phase difference between the first port and the second port of the power divider and phase shift circuit; the relative position of the first insulating gap and the second insulating gap; the position of the first connection point and related information of the first element; the position of the grounding point on the first radiator 310; and so on.

Figures 33 and 34 illustrate the directional patterns of antenna 200 at 2.2 GHz in electronic device 10 shown in Figure 32 . Figure 33 illustrates the directional pattern produced when antenna 200 is not provided with second radiator 320 or third radiator 340. Figure 34 illustrates the directional pattern produced when antenna 200 is provided with second radiator 320 or third radiator 340.

As shown in Figures 33 and 34, when a second radiator and a third radiator are set, the radiation of the antenna toward the second radiator side and the radiation of the antenna toward the third radiator side are enhanced, and the beam width of the directional pattern generated by the antenna on the second radiator side and the third radiator side is significantly increased.

The above description is merely a specific embodiment of the present application, but the scope of protection of the present application is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in this application should be included in the scope of protection of this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of this application should be based on the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims (31)

An electronic device, comprising: floor; A frame, wherein the frame includes a first position, a second position, a third position and a fourth position arranged in sequence, The frame includes a first side and a second side intersecting the first side at an angle, wherein the length of the first side is smaller than the length of the second side. The first position and the second position are located at the first side, and the frame has a first insulating gap and a second insulating gap at the first position and the second position. The third position and the fourth position are located at the second side, the frame is coupled to the floor or has an insulating gap at the third position, and is coupled to the floor or has an insulating gap at the fourth position; An antenna, comprising: a radiator and a first parasitic branch, wherein the radiator includes a conductive portion of the frame between the first position and the second position, the first parasitic branch includes a conductive portion of the frame between the third position and the fourth position, at least a portion of the radiator is spaced apart from the floor, and at least a portion of the first parasitic branch is spaced apart from the floor; a feeding circuit, the radiator including a feeding point, the feeding circuit being coupled to the feeding point; The radiator is used to generate a main resonance, the first parasitic branch is used to generate a first parasitic resonance, the frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the first parasitic resonance and the resonance point frequency of the main resonance is less than or equal to 500 MHz, and the main resonance and the first parasitic resonance together form a first resonance; The resonant frequency band of the first resonance includes a first frequency band, which includes a transmitting frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band, or the resonant frequency band of the first resonance includes a second frequency band, which includes a receiving frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein: The antenna generates an efficiency pit at a first frequency point, and a frequency difference between a resonance point frequency of the first resonance and a frequency of the first frequency point is less than or equal to 500 MHz. The electronic device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that At the resonance point of the first resonance, the current on the radiator and the current on the first parasitic branch have the same direction. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that A frequency difference between a resonance point frequency of the first parasitic resonance and a resonance point frequency of the main resonance is greater than or equal to 50 MHz and less than or equal to 300 MHz. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that The radiator further includes a first connection point, wherein the first connection point and the feeding point are respectively located on two sides of the center of the radiator, and the lengths of the radiators on both sides of the center are the same; The antenna also includes a first element coupled between the first connection point and the floor. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The frame has a third insulating gap at the third position, and the frame has a fourth insulating gap at the fourth position. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that The frame is coupled to the floor at the third position, and has a fourth insulating gap at the fourth position. The electronic device according to claim 6, characterized in that The first parasitic branch includes a second connection point and a third connection point, and the first parasitic branch has a fifth insulating gap between the second connection point and the third connection point; The antenna also includes a second element coupled between the second connection point and the third connection point. The electronic device according to claim 8, wherein: The distances between the first connection point, the second connection point and the fifth insulating gap are less than or equal to 5 mm. The electronic device according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that The antenna further includes a second parasitic branch, wherein the second parasitic branch includes a conductive portion of the frame between the second position and the third position; The second parasitic branch is used to generate a second parasitic resonance, and the resonance point frequency of the second parasitic resonance is higher than the resonance point frequency of the first resonance. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein: A frequency difference between a resonance point frequency of the second parasitic resonance and a resonance point frequency of the first resonance is greater than 200 MHz. The electronic device according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that The radiator further includes a fourth connection point; The antenna also includes a third element coupled between the fourth connection point and the floor. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that The frame further includes a third side intersecting the first side at an angle, the third side including a fifth position and a sixth position, the fifth position being located between the sixth position and the first position, the frame being coupled to the floor or having an insulating gap at the fifth position, and being coupled to the floor or having an insulating gap at the sixth position; The antenna further includes a third parasitic branch, the third parasitic branch including a conductive portion of the frame between the fifth position and the sixth position, and at least a portion of the third parasitic branch is spaced apart from the floor; The third parasitic branch is used to generate a third parasitic resonance, and the frequency difference between the resonance point frequency of the third parasitic resonance and the resonance point frequency of the main resonance is less than or equal to 500 MHz. The main resonance, the first parasitic resonance and the third parasitic resonance together form the first resonance. The electronic device according to claim 13, wherein: The antenna generates an efficiency pit at a second frequency point, and a frequency difference between a resonance point frequency of the first resonance and a frequency of the second frequency point is less than or equal to 500 MHz. The electronic device according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that At the resonance point of the first resonance, the current on the radiator, the current on the first parasitic branch, and the current on the third parasitic branch have the same direction. The electronic device according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that The frame has a sixth insulating gap at the fifth position, and the frame has a seventh insulating gap at the sixth position. The electronic device according to any one of claims 13 to 15, characterized in that: The frame is coupled to the floor at the fifth position, and has an eighth insulating gap at the sixth position. The electronic device according to claim 17, wherein: The third parasitic branch includes a fifth connection point and a sixth connection point, and the third parasitic branch has an eighth insulating gap between the fifth connection point and the sixth connection point; The antenna also includes a fourth element coupled between the fifth connection point and the sixth connection point. The electronic device according to any one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that The antenna further includes a fourth parasitic branch, wherein the fourth parasitic branch includes a conductive portion of the frame between the first position and the fifth position; The fourth parasitic branch is used to generate a fourth parasitic resonance, and the resonance point frequency of the fourth parasitic resonance is higher than the resonance point frequency of the first resonance. The electronic device according to claim 19, wherein: A frequency difference between a resonance point frequency of the fourth parasitic resonance and a resonance point frequency of the first resonance is greater than 200 MHz. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the first frequency band is in the range of 1.5 GHz to 4.5 GHz, or the second frequency band is in the range of 1.5 GHz to 4.5 GHz. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 21, wherein the feeding circuit is used to transmit radio frequency signals in the first frequency band and radio frequency signals in the second frequency band. An electronic device, comprising: floor; A frame, wherein the frame includes a first position, a second position, a third position and a fourth position arranged in sequence, The frame includes a first side and a second side intersecting the first side at an angle, wherein the length of the first side is smaller than the length of the second side. The first position and the second position are located at the first side, and the frame has a first insulating gap and a second insulating gap at the first position and the second position. The third position and the fourth position are located at the second side, the frame is coupled to the floor or has an insulating gap at the third position, and is coupled to the floor or has an insulating gap at the fourth position; An antenna, comprising: a first radiator and a second radiator, wherein the first radiator includes a conductive portion of the frame between the first position and the second position, and the second radiator includes a conductive portion of the frame between the third position and the fourth position, at least a portion of the first radiator is spaced apart from the floor, and at least a portion of the second radiator is spaced apart from the floor; A power splitter and phase shift circuit, wherein the first radiator includes a first feeding point, the second radiator includes a second feeding point, a first port of the power splitter and phase shift circuit is coupled to the first feeding point, and a second port of the power splitter and phase shift circuit is coupled to the second feeding point; wherein the phase difference between the first port and the second port is greater than or equal to 10° and less than or equal to 45°; The power division and phase shifting circuit is used to transmit radio frequency signals in a first frequency band and radio frequency signals in a second frequency band, wherein the first frequency band includes a transmitting frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band, and the second frequency band includes a receiving frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band. The electronic device according to claim 23, wherein: The first radiator and the second radiator are used to generate a first resonance, and a resonance frequency band of the first resonance includes the first frequency band or the second frequency band. The electronic device according to claim 24, wherein: At the resonance point of the first resonance, the current on the radiator and the current on the first parasitic branch have the same direction. The electronic device according to any one of claims 23 to 25, characterized in that The first radiator further includes a first connection point, wherein the first connection point and the first feeding point are respectively located on two sides of a center of the first radiator, and the lengths of the first radiators on both sides of the center are the same; The antenna also includes a first element coupled between the first connection point and the floor. The electronic device according to any one of claims 23 to 26, characterized in that The frame has a third insulating gap at the third position, and the frame has a fourth insulating gap at the fourth position. The electronic device according to any one of claims 23 to 27, characterized in that The frame is coupled to the floor at the third position, and has a fourth insulating gap at the fourth position. The electronic device according to claim 28, wherein: The second radiator includes a second connection point and a third connection point, and the second radiator has a fifth insulating gap between the second connection point and the third connection point; The antenna also includes a second element coupled between the second connection point and the third connection point. The electronic device according to claim 29, wherein: The distances between the first connection point, the second connection point and the fifth insulating gap are less than or equal to 5 mm. The electronic device according to any one of claims 23 to 30, characterized in that The frame further includes a third side intersecting the first side at an angle, the third side including a fifth position and a sixth position, the fifth position being located between the sixth position and the first position, the frame being coupled to the floor or having an insulating gap at the fifth position, and being coupled to the floor or having an insulating gap at the sixth position; The antenna further includes a third radiator, the third radiator including a conductive portion of the frame between the fifth position and the sixth position, and at least a portion of the third radiator is spaced apart from the floor; The third radiator includes a third feeding point, and the third port of the power division and phase shifting circuit is coupled to the third feeding point; The phase difference between the third port and the second port is greater than or equal to 150° and less than or equal to 210°.