WO2025200711A1 - 低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法及高质量低温钢的生产方法 - Google Patents
低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法及高质量低温钢的生产方法Info
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- WO2025200711A1 WO2025200711A1 PCT/CN2025/071144 CN2025071144W WO2025200711A1 WO 2025200711 A1 WO2025200711 A1 WO 2025200711A1 CN 2025071144 W CN2025071144 W CN 2025071144W WO 2025200711 A1 WO2025200711 A1 WO 2025200711A1
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- Prior art keywords
- blowing
- steel
- slag
- temperature
- low
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/28—Manufacture of steel in the converter
- C21C5/30—Regulating or controlling the blowing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/064—Dephosphorising; Desulfurising
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/072—Treatment with gases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/04—Removing impurities by adding a treating agent
- C21C7/076—Use of slags or fluxes as treating agents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a converter phosphorus-controlled smelting method for low-temperature steel and a method for producing high-quality low-temperature steel, belonging to the technical field of steel material production and manufacturing.
- Nickel-based low-temperature steel refers to a series of nickel-containing special steels for welded structures that can serve at low temperatures of -70°C to -196°C. It is mainly used in energy industries such as petroleum and chemical industries, and is used to manufacture various production and storage containers for liquefied petroleum gas, liquid ethylene, liquid oxygen, liquid nitrogen, liquefied natural gas, etc.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a converter phosphorus-controlled smelting method for low-temperature steel and a method for producing high-quality low-temperature steel.
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a converter phosphorus-controlled smelting method for low-temperature steel.
- the converter phosphorus-controlled smelting method comprises:
- Desulfurized molten iron and the first batch of scrap steel are added to a converter for blowing to produce slag with a basicity of 2.0-2.5 and a T.Fe content of 25-35%.
- the oxygen lance position in the first minute of blowing is 1.8-2.0 m, and the top-blown oxygen flow rate is 28,000-30,000 Nm 3 /h. From the second minute to the end of blowing, the oxygen lance position is raised and the top-blown oxygen flow rate is reduced twice simultaneously.
- Argon is blown bottom throughout the blowing process and the molten steel temperature is controlled at 1,380-1,420° C. After the end of blowing, the bottom argon blowing is continued for 1-3 minutes, and then the slag is blocked for tapping.
- the final molten steel temperature is 1,360-1,400° C., the carbon content is 3.3-3.8%, and the phosphorus content is ⁇ 0.018%, thereby obtaining semi-steel molten steel.
- the converter After the converter is cleaned of slag and excess steel, the semi-steel molten steel, nickel plates and a second batch of scrap steel are added to the converter for blowing.
- the second batch of scrap steel accounts for 50-70% of the total weight of the first and second batches of scrap steel.
- the entire blowing process is divided into an early blowing process lasting 3-4 minutes and a late blowing process. During the early blowing process, lime and light-burned dolomite are added at the beginning of the blowing process. After blowing for 1 minute, pellets are added in 3-5 batches to maintain the T.Fe content in the slag at ⁇ 13% throughout the early blowing process.
- the late blowing process produces slag with a basicity of 5.5-9.5.
- the terminal molten steel temperature of the late blowing process is 1580-1620° C., P ⁇ 0.0035%, and C content of 0.02-0.05%.
- the slag is drained and the steel is tapped to obtain the final steel smelted in the converter.
- the beneficial effect of one embodiment of the present invention is that: first, a portion of scrap steel (i.e., the first batch of scrap steel) and molten iron are preliminarily blown in a converter together to produce a slag with low to medium alkalinity (e.g., 2.0-2.5) and high oxidizability (e.g., T.Fe content of 25-35%), and the preliminarily blowing is divided into three stages: an initial low lance position + short-time (e.g., 1 minute) blowing with high oxygen content, a middle high lance position + low oxygen content stage, and a final higher lance position + lower oxygen content stage, and bottom blowing is performed throughout the process while maintaining the molten steel temperature at 1380-1420°C, thereby accelerating the oxidation heat release of Si elements, promoting efficient slag dephosphorization in the early stage of smelting, and realizing rapid melting of the slag, and then gradually achieving efficient dephosphorization
- the deep blowing is divided into two stages: early blowing and late blowing.
- early blowing pellets are added in batches at 1 minute to maintain the T.Fe content in the slag at ⁇ 13% during the entire early blowing period, thereby controlling the slag drying, greatly improving the dephosphorization and decarburization effects, and avoiding rephosphorization.
- late blowing stage high-basicity slag is produced to promote slag dephosphorization and reduce late rephosphorization, thereby stabilizing the dephosphorization effect.
- the "simultaneous control of raising the oxygen lance position and reducing the top-blowing oxygen flow rate twice from the second minute to the end of blowing" is: the oxygen lance position is 2.2-2.5 m and the top-blowing oxygen flow rate is 26,000-28,000 Nm 3 /h from the second to third minutes; and the oxygen lance position is 2.5-2.8 m and the top-blowing oxygen flow rate is 23,000-26,000 Nm 3 /h from the fourth minute onwards.
- the “bottom blowing argon throughout the blowing process and controlling the molten steel temperature at 1380-1420° C.” includes:
- the bottom argon flow rate is 1200-1500 Nm 3 /h, and then the bottom argon flow rate is 600-800 Nm 3 /h.
- the initial blowing is divided into three stages, and while the oxygen lance position and top oxygen flow rate are controlled in each stage, the bottom argon flow rate is also controlled. This results in the following three stages of initial blowing: an initial short-term blowing with low lance position, high oxygen flow, and high argon flow (for example, the first minute); an intermediate stage with high lance position, low oxygen flow, and high argon flow; and a final stage with even higher lance position, lower oxygen flow, and lower argon flow.
- This combination of lance position, oxygen flow, and argon flow allows for rapid and precise adjustment of molten steel temperature, slagging rate, and composition, further improving dephosphorization effectiveness.
- the amount of bottom blowing argon is 800 to 1000 Nm 3 /h.
- a first slag-forming agent is used for slag-forming, and the first slag-forming agent includes: lime, pellets, and light-burned dolomite.
- the oxygen lance position in the first minute is 1.8-2.0 m, and the top-blowing oxygen rate is 33,000-35,000 Nm 3 /h. Thereafter, the oxygen lance position is 2.2-2.5 m, and the top-blowing oxygen rate is 25,000-28,000 Nm 3 /h.
- argon is bottom-blown throughout the entire process, with the bottom-blown argon rate in the first minute being 800-1,000 Nm 3 /h, and thereafter being 600-800 Nm 3 /h.
- a short-term blowing process with a low lance position and high oxygen rate is first performed, followed by a high lance position and low oxygen rate blowing process. This can further facilitate slag control, decarburizing and dephosphorizing while avoiding rephosphorization.
- the removal of dephosphorized slag can be more efficiently promoted.
- a second slagging agent is used for slagging, and the second slagging agent includes: lime, pellets, and light-burned dolomite.
- lime, pellets and light-burned dolomite are added to form slag during the later blowing process.
- the oxygen lance position is initially set at 1.8-2.0 m and the top-blowing oxygen flow rate is 36,000-38,000 Nm 3 /h.
- the oxygen lance position and the top-blowing oxygen flow rate are simultaneously adjusted twice: the first adjustment lowers the oxygen lance position and increases the top-blowing oxygen flow rate, and the second adjustment raises the oxygen lance position and lowers the top-blowing oxygen flow rate. This significantly reduces rephosphorization while maintaining high decarburization and dephosphorization efficiency, and stabilizes the final dephosphorization effect.
- the oxygen lance position is adjusted to 1.6-1.8 m and the top-blown oxygen volume is increased to 38,000-40,000 Nm 3 /h for the first time; and 1 minute before the end of blowing, the oxygen lance position is adjusted to 2.2-2.5 m and the top-blown oxygen volume is decreased to 28,000-30,000 Nm 3 /h for the second time.
- the bottom blowing argon rate is initially 1000-1200 Nm 3 /h. While the oxygen lance position is lowered and the top blowing oxygen rate is increased for the first time, the bottom blowing argon rate is increased to 1300-1500 Nm 3 /h and maintained until 1-2 minutes after the end of the late blowing. Then, the bottom blowing argon is terminated and the slag is poured and the steel is tapped.
- an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing high-quality low-temperature steel.
- the production method comprises:
- the molten iron is treated in the KR desulfurization equipment with an outlet temperature of 1350-1400°C and a sulfur content of ⁇ 0.0010%;
- the desulfurized molten iron is smelted into molten steel using the converter phosphorus control smelting method for low-temperature steel;
- the molten steel is hoisted from the RH vacuum refining furnace to the continuous casting platform for standing, and then poured to obtain continuous casting billets.
- deoxidation alloying and slag making are carried out successively, and the ladle bottom blowing flow rate during the tapping process is 400-600 NL/min, and the ladle bottom blowing flow rate is increased to 800-1000 NL/min after the tapping is completed;
- metallic aluminum, low-titanium and low-aluminum ferrosilicon and metallic manganese are added in sequence to deoxidize and alloy the molten steel.
- 60-70% of the steel is tapped, all of them are added.
- lime and calcium aluminate synthetic slag are added for slagging.
- 80-90% of the steel is tapped, all of them are added.
- the calcium aluminate synthetic slag has a particle size of 10-50 mm and a chemical composition, by weight, of 50-60% CaO, 35-45 % Al2O3 , 2-4% MgO, ⁇ 3% SiO2 , and other unavoidable impurities.
- the 12CaO ⁇ 7Al2O3 phase accounts for more than 80% of the composite phase of the calcium aluminate synthetic slag.
- the calcium aluminate synthetic slag primarily composed of the low-melting-point 12CaO ⁇ 7Al2O3 phase , can also achieve rapid and superior desulfurization, significantly reducing the sulfur content in molten steel.
- the slag is deoxidized with calcium carbide and aluminum granules to adjust the slag composition to contain, by weight percentage, 50-55% CaO, 30-35% Al 2 O 3 , 3-6% SiO 2 , 4-7% MgO, less than 1.5% T.Fe+MnO, and other inevitable impurity components;
- the steel When vacuum treatment is carried out in the RH vacuum refining furnace, the steel is first treated at a vacuum degree below 1.5 mbar for 15 to 20 minutes, then at a vacuum degree above 5 mbar for 10 to 20 minutes, and finally the steel is tapped.
- calcium carbide and a low-carbon steel slag surface deoxidizer are used to deoxidize the slag to adjust the slag composition to 50-55% CaO, 30-35% Al 2 O 3 , 3-6% SiO 2 , 4-7% MgO, 2-5% T.Fe+MnO, and other inevitable impurity components by weight.
- calcium carbide and a low-carbon steel slag surface deoxidizer are used to adjust the slag composition, especially to increase the T.Fe+MnO content from the traditional low percentage to 2-5%. The inventors have found that this can greatly reduce the nitrogen absorption of molten steel.
- the RH vacuum refining process can also be used to deoxidize the molten steel at the same time. It can make use of the tiny bubbles formed by the C-O reaction of the molten steel, the argon bubbles blown in by the large flow rate lifting gas under deep vacuum, and the deep vacuum molten steel interface reaction to comprehensively degas and reduce the O and N content of the molten steel. Then, metal aluminum and low-carbon steel slag surface deoxidizer are added under vacuum conditions to avoid the oxidation and alloying of metal aluminum and the inhalation of air during slag making. In addition, under the condition of the slag composition design in the LF refining process, the treatment of the RH vacuum refining process can also avoid the high oxidizing problem caused by the slag composition design in the LF refining process.
- 0.3-0.5 kg/t of calcium carbide and 1.0-2.0 kg/t of second calcium aluminate synthetic slag are added to the molten steel to adjust the slag composition to contain, by mass percentage, 50-55% of CaO, 30-35% of Al 2 O 3 , 1-3% of CaF 2 , less than 3% of SiO 2 , 4-6% of MgO, less than 1% of T.Fe+MnO, and other inevitable impurities.
- the second calcium aluminate synthetic slag comprises, by mass percentage, 40-45% CaO, 10-15% Al2O3 , 5-10% CaF2 , less than 3% SiO2 , 2-5 % MgO, 5-10% CaC2, and 15-20% elemental aluminum, wherein the mass percentage of the phase 12CaO ⁇ 7Al2O3 exceeds 30%, and the rest is a single phase or a composite phase of CaO, CaF2 , SiO2 , and MgO.
- the steel is first treated at a vacuum degree of 200 mbar or higher and a lifting gas flow rate of 80-100 Nm 3 /h for 3-5 minutes, then at a vacuum degree of 1.5 mbar or lower and a lifting gas flow rate of 150-200 Nm 3 /h for 10-15 minutes, then at a vacuum degree of 50 mbar or higher and a lifting gas flow rate of 150-200 Nm 3 /h for more than 5 minutes, and finally the steel is tapped.
- high pressure specifically, for example, above 200 mbar
- low lifting gas flow specifically, for example, the lifting gas flow is maintained at 80-100 Nm 3 /h
- deep vacuum specifically, for example, below 1.5 mbar
- high lifting gas flow specifically, for example, the lifting gas flow is 150-200 Nm 3 /h
- higher pressure specifically, for example, above 50 mbar
- the molten steel is then treated with a deep vacuum and high circulation volume, thereby quickly and more effectively removing inclusions (i.e., deoxidation). Finally, the circulation volume is reduced to reduce the inclusions introduced by the erosion of the refractory materials while taking away a large amount of inclusions.
- the total oxygen content is controlled, the purity of the molten steel is improved, and the low-temperature performance of the final low-temperature steel is guaranteed.
- calcium wire is fed into the ladle from an area near the downcomer at a rate of 1.0 to 1.5 m/t at a speed of 4 to 6 m/s.
- This addition of calcium wire to the molten steel further deoxidizes the steel and improves the composition of inclusions, thereby further enhancing the purity of the molten steel.
- a continuous treatment period of 10 to 15 minutes is followed by the addition of 0.5 to 1.0 m/t of calcium wire into the ladle from an area near the riser tube at a feed rate of 1 to 1.5 m/s.
- This method of feeding calcium wire near the riser tube, combined with a low feed rate and thin iron sheet allows the calcium to enter the middle and upper portions of the molten steel and quickly come into contact with the oxygen in the molten steel to form inclusions.
- This majority of the calcium is rapidly drawn from the riser tube into the vacuum chamber of the RH vacuum refining furnace along with the molten steel, thereby achieving rapid deoxidation.
- the remaining small amount of calcium can dissolve in the molten steel in the ladle, participating in the deoxidation cycle.
- this deoxidation method can further reduce the T.O. content by 2 to 5 ppm.
- the downcomer and riser of the RH vacuum refining furnace are symmetrically distributed in a mirror plane, and the ladle at the RH vacuum refining furnace has a fitting surface passing through the center of the riser and parallel to the mirror plane, and the "area close to the riser" is between the fitting surface and the mirror plane.
- more than 90% of the oxide inclusions in the continuous casting billet have an Al 2 O 3 content of ⁇ 80%, more than 96% of the oxide inclusions have a size of ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, and the largest oxide inclusion does not exceed 25 ⁇ m.
- the “molten steel is hoisted from the RH vacuum refining furnace to the continuous casting platform for standing, and then cast to obtain the continuous casting billet” includes:
- the molten steel is cast using a slab continuous casting machine to obtain a billet with a thickness of 220 mm or 320 mm and a width of 1500 to 2300 mm; the superheat of the molten steel in the tundish is 30 to 50° C., a low-melting-point alkaline mold slag with a melting point of 1100 to 1200° C. is used in the crystallizer, the casting speed v is 1.05 to 1.35 m/min, and the taper of the crystallizer is 1.05 to 1.2%.
- the billet After the billet leaves the crystallizer, it is cooled in the secondary cooling zone, which is divided into 10 sections according to the water volume.
- the water volume in the first section is less than 1/10 of the water volume in the crystallizer, the water volume in sections 2 to 4 is greater than that in the first section and decreases in sequence, the water volume in section 5 is less than that in section 1, the water volume in the inner arc of section 6 is less than that in the outer arc, and the water volume in the edges of the inner and outer arcs of sections 7 to 10 is less than that in the middle of the inner and outer arcs.
- the water volume of the inner and outer arcs, and the water volume of the edges and the middle are precisely adjusted to ensure the uniformity of the billet cooling and prevent cracks caused by overcooling of the edges/corners;
- the billet is pressed in sections 8 to 10, with reductions of 25%, 25%, and 50% allocated to each of the three sections.
- the reductions for billets with thicknesses of 220 mm and 320 mm are 3 to 5 mm and 6 to 8 mm, respectively.
- adjusting the taper of the crystallizer, the water volume of the crystallizer, and the water volume of sections 1 to 5 according to the change of the casting speed v includes:
- the taper of the crystallizer is 1.1-1.2%; otherwise, the taper of the crystallizer is 1.05-1.15%. This can reduce the uneven cooling caused by the shrinkage of the billet during the cooling process.
- the water volume on the wide side of the crystallizer is 3600 ⁇ 3900NL/min, and the water volume on the narrow side is 390 ⁇ 420NL/min; otherwise, the water volume on the wide side of the crystallizer is 3900 ⁇ 4100NL/min, and the water volume on the narrow side is 420 ⁇ 450NL/min.
- the crystallizer adopts a large cooling intensity, and at the same time, the water volume of the crystallizer is adjusted according to the casting speed v, reducing the uneven cooling caused by the shrinkage of the billet during the cooling process.
- the central carbon segregation of the continuous casting billet is below level 1.5, and the surface cracks are ⁇ 1.5 mm.
- the production method further comprises:
- the continuous casting billet is fed into a heating furnace for heating.
- the maximum temperature of the preheating section is 750-850°C
- the maximum temperature of the heating section is 1100-1200°C
- the maximum temperature of the soaking section is 1150-1200°C
- the heating rate of the preheating section is 20-30°C/min
- the heating rate of the heating section is 30-50°C/min.
- the first quenching time in the furnace is (2.0-2.2) min/mm ⁇ h+(5-10) min
- the second quenching time in the furnace is (2.1-2.3) min/mm ⁇ h+(5-10) min
- the tempering time in the furnace is (2.5-2.8) min/mm ⁇ h+(5-10) min, where h is the thickness of the hot-rolled plate.
- the Z-direction cross-sectional shrinkage of the finished plate product is ⁇ 70%, and the single values of low-temperature impact energy at -80°C and -196°C are both ⁇ 215J.
- FIG1 is a schematic flow diagram of a converter phosphorus-controlled smelting method for low-temperature steel according to one embodiment of the present invention
- FIG2 is a schematic flow diagram of a method for producing low-temperature steel according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG3 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of an RH vacuum refining furnace in one embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG4 is a cross-sectional view along the A-A line in FIG3.
- One embodiment of the present invention provides a converter-controlled phosphorus smelting method for low-temperature steel, which can achieve efficient and stable control of phosphorus content in a single converter.
- the converter-controlled phosphorus smelting method includes:
- Desulfurized molten iron and the first batch of scrap steel are added to a converter for blowing to produce slag with a basicity of 2.0-2.5 and a T.Fe content of 25-35%.
- the oxygen lance position in the first minute of blowing is 1.8-2.0 m, and the top-blown oxygen flow rate is 28,000-30,000 Nm 3 /h. From the second minute to the end of blowing, the oxygen lance position is raised and the top-blown oxygen flow rate is reduced twice simultaneously.
- Argon is blown bottom throughout the blowing process and the molten steel temperature is controlled at 1,380-1,420° C. After the end of blowing, the bottom argon blowing is continued for 1-3 minutes, and then the slag is blocked for tapping.
- the final molten steel temperature is 1,360-1,400° C., the carbon content is 3.3-3.8%, and the phosphorus content is ⁇ 0.018%, thereby obtaining semi-steel molten steel.
- the converter After the converter is cleaned of slag and excess steel, the semi-steel molten steel, nickel plates and a second batch of scrap steel are added to the converter for blowing.
- the second batch of scrap steel accounts for 50-70% of the total weight of the first and second batches of scrap steel.
- the entire blowing process is divided into an early blowing process lasting 3-4 minutes and a late blowing process. During the early blowing process, lime and light-burned dolomite are added at the beginning of the blowing process. After blowing for 1 minute, pellets are added in 3-5 batches to maintain the T.Fe content in the slag at ⁇ 13% throughout the early blowing process.
- the late blowing process produces slag with a basicity of 5.5-9.5.
- the terminal molten steel temperature of the late blowing process is 1580-1620° C., P ⁇ 0.0035%, and C content of 0.02-0.05%.
- the slag is drained and the steel is tapped to obtain the final steel smelted in the converter.
- the converter phosphorus control smelting technology of one embodiment of the present invention is to first carry out preliminary blowing of a portion of scrap steel (i.e., the first batch of scrap steel) and molten iron in a converter to produce a slag with low-medium alkalinity (e.g., 2.0-2.5) and high oxidizability (e.g., T.Fe content 25-35%).
- the preliminary blowing is divided into three stages: the initial low gun position + short time (e.g., 1 minute) blowing with high oxygen content, the middle high gun position + low oxygen content stage, and the final higher gun position + lower oxygen content stage.
- the bottom blowing is carried out throughout the process and the temperature of the molten steel is maintained at 1360-1420°C.
- the deep blowing is divided into two stages: early blowing and late blowing. Lime and light-burned dolomite are added at the beginning of blowing. After blowing for 1 minute, pellets are added in batches to maintain the T.Fe content in the slag of the furnace at least 13% during the entire early blowing period. This achieves control of slag drying, greatly improves the dephosphorization and decarburization effects, and avoids rephosphorization. High-basicity slag is produced in the late blowing stage to promote slag dephosphorization and reduce late rephosphorization, thereby stabilizing the dephosphorization effect.
- lime, pellets, and light-burned dolomite are added to the post-blowing process for slagging.
- the slagging agents used for slagging are not limited to these components.
- the first adjustment lowers the oxygen lance position and increases the top-blown oxygen flow rate
- the second adjustment raises the oxygen lance position and lowers the top-blown oxygen flow rate. This significantly reduces rephosphorization while achieving efficient decarburization and dephosphorization, and stabilizes the final dephosphorization effect.
- the oxygen lance position is first adjusted to 1.6-1.8 meters, and the top-blowing oxygen rate is increased to 38,000-40,000 Nm3 /h.
- the oxygen lance position is second adjusted to 2.2-2.5 meters, and the top-blowing oxygen rate is reduced to 28,000-30,000 Nm3 /h.
- This is equivalent to maintaining the oxygen lance position at 1.6-1.8 meters and the top-blowing oxygen rate at 38,000-40,000 Nm3 /h for approximately 3 minutes, and then, for the final minute, the oxygen lance position is at 2.2-2.5 meters and the top-blowing oxygen rate is 28,000-30,000 Nm3 /h.
- the timing of the first and second adjustments here does not necessarily have to occur 4 minutes or 1 minute before the end of blowing, but can vary between 4.5 minutes and 0.5 minutes before the end of blowing.
- Refining process The molten steel obtained from converter smelting is transported to LF furnace for refining, including sequential heating, alloying, and slag formation, with the outlet temperature reaching 1610-1630°C.
- the molten steel from LF furnace is then transported to RH vacuum refining furnace for vacuum treatment and steelmaking.
- molten iron is treated in the KR desulfurization equipment.
- molten iron from a blast furnace is fed into the KR desulfurization equipment for desulfurization.
- the outlet temperature is 1320-1380°C, and the S content of the outlet molten iron is ⁇ 0.0010%.
- RH vacuum refining that is, when vacuum treatment is carried out in an RH vacuum refining furnace, the steel is first treated at a vacuum degree below 1.5 mbar for 15 to 20 minutes, then at a vacuum degree above 5 mbar for 10 to 20 minutes, and finally the steel is tapped.
- LF refining involves refining molten steel in an LF furnace, sequentially undergoing a heating phase, an alloying phase, and a slag-forming phase. Specifically, upon arrival at the LF furnace, the molten steel undergoes temperature measurement and sampling at the inlet station, followed by heating to adjust the temperature (i.e., the heating phase). Next, alloying is performed by adding alloying materials and carbon powder based on the chemical composition measured during inlet sampling (i.e., the alloying phase). Finally, slag-forming materials are added to the molten steel for slag-forming (i.e., the slag-forming phase).
- the two-stage water circulation pumps W1&W2, the fourth-stage steam pump E4, the third-stage steam pump E3, the second-stage steam pump E2, and the first-stage steam pump E1 are started in sequence, and the vacuum degree is reduced to below 1.5 mbar within 4 minutes after the molten steel arrives at the station.
- the lifting gas flow rate is 100-120 Nm3 /h within 4 minutes after the molten steel arrives at the station, and the lifting gas flow rate is 230-250 Nm3 /h after 4 minutes.
- the calcium aluminate synthetic slag used in this process is different from the calcium aluminate synthetic slag used in the converter tapping process.
- the calcium aluminate synthetic slag used in this process is referred to as the second calcium aluminate synthetic slag in this application.
- the second calcium aluminate synthetic slag comprises, by mass percentage, 40-45% CaO , 10-15% Al2O3 , 5-10% CaF2 , up to 3% SiO2 , 2-5% MgO, 5-10% CaC2, and 15-20% elemental aluminum.
- the mass percentage of the 12CaO ⁇ 7Al2O3 phase exceeds 30%, and the remainder is a single phase or a composite phase of CaO, CaF2 , SiO2 , and MgO.
- argon is blown from the bottom throughout the entire process.
- the flow rate of the bottom blowing argon during the power-on and heating period is 400-500NL/min
- the flow rate of the bottom blowing argon during the alloying period is 300-400NL/min
- the flow rate of the bottom blowing argon during the slag forming period is 500-600NL/min
- the flow rate of the bottom blowing argon during the rest of the time is 150-250NL/min.
- a first-stage steam pump E1 , a second-stage steam pump E2 , a third-stage steam pump E3 , a fourth-stage steam pump E4 , and two-stage water circulation pumps W1 & W2 are sequentially arranged in the vacuum exhaust pipeline of the vacuum chamber 10 of the RH vacuum refining furnace.
- high pressure specifically, for example, above 200 mbar
- low lifting gas flow specifically, for example, the lifting gas flow is maintained at 80-100 Nm 3 /h
- deep vacuum specifically, for example, below 1.5 mbar
- high lifting gas flow specifically, for example, the lifting gas flow is 150-200 Nm 3 /h
- higher pressure specifically, for example, above 50 mbar
- the lifting gas can be introduced through a gas lift pipe 11, which is connected to a riser pipe 32 below the vacuum chamber 10. More specifically, two pipelines are provided below the vacuum chamber 10 for circulating molten steel.
- One of the pipelines designated as the riser pipe 32, connects to the gas lift pipe 11 and serves as a passage for the molten steel to flow upward from the ladle into the vacuum chamber.
- the other pipeline designated as the downcomer 31, serves as a passage for the molten steel to return from the vacuum chamber to the ladle.
- calcium wire is fed from area S1 of the downcomer 31 near the bottom of the vacuum chamber 10 at a rate of 1.0 to 1.5 m/t at a speed of 4 to 6 m/s.
- calcium wire is used to further deoxidize the molten steel and improve the composition of inclusions, thereby further enhancing the purity of the molten steel.
- the implementation method of feeding the calcium wire in the area S2 near the riser 32 combined with a low feeding speed + thin iron sheet, allows Ca to be fed into the middle and upper part of the molten steel and quickly come into contact with the O element in the molten steel to form inclusions.
- This majority of the Ca element is quickly drawn into the interior of the vacuum chamber 10 along with the molten steel from the riser 32, thereby achieving rapid deoxidation, while the remaining small amount of Ca element can be dissolved in the molten steel in the ladle 20 and participate in the molten steel deoxidation cycle.
- the inventors have unexpectedly found through research that the deoxidation effect of this method exceeds the method of feeding the calcium wire in the area S1 near the downcomer 31.
- the T.O. content can be further reduced by 2 to 5 ppm compared with the method of feeding the calcium wire in the area S1.
- the dividing plane M between regions S1 and S2 is determined by the relationship between the minimum distances between each location within region S1 and the ascending tube 32 and the minimum distance between each location and the descending tube 31.
- the minimum distance between any location in region S1 and the ascending tube 32 is greater than the minimum distance between any location in region S2 and the ascending tube 32; the minimum distance between any location in region S2 and the descending tube 31 is less than the minimum distance between any location on dividing plane M and the ascending tube 32.
- dividing plane M represents the plane of symmetry (or mirror image) between the ascending tube 32 and the descending tube 31.
- a fitting surface T is defined in the ladle 20.
- the fitting surface T passes through the center O of the riser 32 and is parallel to the mirror plane M.
- the region S2 is preferably a region S21 between the fitting surface T and the mirror plane M, such as the portion marked with oblique lines in FIG4 .
- the calcium wire is fed between the fitting surface T and the mirror plane M. This further enhances the deoxidation effect.
- the molten steel is hoisted from the RH vacuum refining furnace to the continuous casting platform and allowed to stand for 10 to 20 minutes before pouring.
- the standing time is not limited to this.
- a slab continuous caster can be used for casting, producing billets with a thickness of 220 mm or 320 mm and a width of 1500 to 2300 mm.
- multiple ladles containing molten steel can be sequentially poured into a tundish, which is then poured into the mold of the slab continuous caster and then pulled out of the mold to produce billets.
- the resulting billets are 220 mm thick and 1500 to 2300 mm wide, or 320 mm thick and 1500 to 2300 mm wide.
- the combined mass percentage of Na2O and K2O in the low-melting-point alkaline mold flux is 8-10%, with Na2O accounting for 50-80% of the sum of Na2O and K2O .
- the high content of alkaline oxides (e.g., Na2O and K2O ) in the low-melting-point alkaline mold flux protects the billet crust, provides lubrication, ensures thermal conductivity, and further improves cooling uniformity.
- the basicity (i.e., CaO/SiO 2 ) of the low-melting-point basic mold flux is 1.2-1.6.
- its chemical composition, by mass percentage also includes: Al 2 O 3 : 2-5%, MgO: 1-3%, Fe 2 O 3 : 0.6-1.5%, F: 8-10%, C: 4-6%, and H 2 O ⁇ 0.2%.
- the remaining components of the low-melting-point basic mold flux are unavoidable impurities.
- the low-melting-point alkaline mold slag has a particle size of 1 to 3 mm, accounting for more than 96% by mass, while particles less than 1 mm and larger than 3 mm account for less than 4% by mass. This particle size ensures the melting rate of the low-melting-point alkaline mold slag in the crystallizer, thereby improving its protective effect.
- the billet After exiting the crystallizer, the billet is cooled in a secondary cooling zone, which is divided into 10 sections according to different water volumes.
- the cooling intensity of the molten steel in the crystallizer is high (the amount of water is large).
- the cooling intensity is greatly reduced in the first section (the amount of water drops by more than 9/10), so that the shell of the billet is properly warmed up, and the amount of water in the second to fourth sections is increased again, thereby preventing the shell from thinning during warming and causing steel leakage; at the same time, the amount of water in sections 2 to 4 decreases successively, that is, the amount of water in section 2 > the amount of water in section 3 > the amount of water in section 4.
- the water volume on the wide side of the mold is 3600-3900 NL/min
- the water volume on the narrow side is 390-420 NL/min.
- the casting speed v is greater than 1.20 m/min and less than or equal to 1.35 m/min
- the water volume on the wide side of the mold is 3900-4100 NL/min
- the water volume on the narrow side is 420-450 NL/min.
- floor represents a flooring function, that is, (v-1.05m/min)/0.05m/min is rounded down.
- the water volume of the inner arc of the 6th section is 100-120NL/min, and the water volume of the outer arc is 150-170NL/min;
- the water volume of the middle inner arc of the 7th and 8th sections is 50-60NL/min and 70-80NL/min respectively, the water volume of the inner arc edge is 40-50NL/min and 60-70NL/min respectively, the water volume of the middle outer arc is 90-100NL/min and 150-160NL/min respectively, and the water volume of the outer arc edge is 80-90NL/min and 140-150NL/min respectively;
- the water volume of the middle inner and outer arcs of the 9th and 10th sections is both 50-60NL/min, and the water volume of the inner and outer arc edges is both 40-50NL/min.
- the amount of water in the inner and outer arcs, and the amount of water in the edges and middle are precisely adjusted to ensure uniform cooling of the billet and prevent cracks caused by overcooling of the edges/corn
- the water volume on the narrow side of the first section is 40 to 60 NL/min.
- the tundish utilizes a high-basicity coating agent, specifically, a high-basicity coating agent is added to the molten steel within the tundish.
- the high-basicity coating agent has a melting point of 1300-1450°C and a basicity (i.e., CaO/SiO 2 ) of ⁇ 15.
- the chemical composition of the high basicity covering agent further includes, by mass percentage, Al2O3 : 33-36%, MgO : 4-6%, Fe2O3 : 1-2%, C ⁇ 1%, and H2O ⁇ 0.2 %.
- the remaining components of the high basicity covering agent are unavoidable impurities.
- 400-450 kg of the high-basicity covering agent is added to the tundish before the molten steel from the first ladle is poured into the crystallizer. Thereafter, starting with the pouring of the molten steel from the second ladle into the tundish, 5-10 kg of the high-basicity covering agent and 5-10 kg of lime powder particles are added to the tundish for each ladle (i.e., each ladle after the second ladle). This ensures that the high-basicity covering agent protects and purifies the molten steel.
- the total weight of the molten steel in the tundish is 50 ⁇ 2 tons when pouring into the mold, 55-60 tons during the stable pouring period, and 50 ⁇ 2 tons during the ladle change.
- This method of controlling the molten steel in the tundish achieves a stable flow field, prevents molten steel from agitating and causing slag entanglement, and promotes the adsorption of alumina and silicate inclusions in the molten steel by the high-basicity coating agent, further improving the cleanliness of the molten steel.
- the argon blowing flow rate of the long nozzle is 150-250NL/min
- the argon blowing flow rate of the stopper rod and submerged nozzle is 3-5NL/min
- the tundish is blown with argon for more than 5 minutes before pouring.
- All fan-shaped segments are divided into arc zones, straightening zones and horizontal zones in sequence.
- the surface temperature of the blank in the straightening zone is ⁇ 950°C
- the temperature when leaving all fan-shaped segments is ⁇ 750°C
- the surface temperature after cutting is ⁇ 650°C.
- the slab continuous casting machine includes a secondary cooling electromagnetic stirring device.
- the secondary cooling electromagnetic stirring device operates at a power of 6-8 Hz and a current of 200-400 A. This electromagnetic stirring further controls the internal quality and segregation of the continuously cast slab, thereby improving the quality of the resulting continuously cast slab.
- the billets when the billets are stacked and slowly cooled, they are stacked and slowly cooled at a location surrounded by enclosures. After slowly cooling to below 200° C., the billets are destackered to prepare continuous casting billets.
- Carbon is a steel-strengthening element and austenite-stabilizing element. Reversing carbon-enriched austenite significantly lowers the Ms point and improves its stability. However, excessive carbon content increases the ductile-brittle transition temperature, negatively impacting the low-temperature toughness of the HAZ. Therefore, while maintaining strength, the carbon content should be as low as possible.
- Si A deoxidizing element during steelmaking, Si is crucial for reducing the harmful oxygen content in nickel-based steels. It also improves strength. In addition to inhibiting Mn segregation when present in steel in a certain ratio with Mn, Si also inhibits P segregation at grain boundaries. Excessive Si content can negatively impact weldability, but reducing it can improve the low-temperature toughness of the base metal and the weld heat-affected zone (HAZ).
- Mn An austenite-stabilizing element, its enrichment in austenite helps reverse austenite stability. Mn is also a matrix-strengthening element, increasing strength through solid solution strengthening and precipitation strengthening (forming fine MnS particles). Mn also has a strong influence on hardenability, significantly improving the material's hardenability. Too low a Mn content results in suboptimal strength, while too high a Mn content can easily form large MnS inclusions, degrading toughness. The optimal content is 0.6 wt%. The presence of Mn and Si in a certain ratio in steel also helps inhibit Si segregation.
- Al used as a deoxidizing and nitrogen fixing agent during steelmaking, it refines grains, inhibits the aging of low-carbon steel, improves the toughness of steel at low temperatures, especially reduces the brittle transition temperature of steel, and improves the oxidation resistance of steel.
- Nickel can increase the strength of steel while maintaining good plasticity and toughness. Nickel has high corrosion resistance to acids and alkalis, and is rust-proof and heat-resistant at high temperatures.
- Nb It increases the strength of steel. Nb forms high-hardness carbides with carbon, enhancing the strength and hardness of steel, and improving its wear resistance and tensile strength. Nb stabilizes the formation of carbides, limiting corrosion and hydrogen-induced cracking at grain boundaries, and improving the steel's corrosion resistance and weathering resistance.
- Cu Copper improves strength and toughness, especially atmospheric corrosion resistance. Its disadvantage is that it can easily become brittle during hot working. A copper content exceeding 0.5% significantly reduces plasticity. A copper content below 0.50% has no effect on weldability.
- Molybdenum refines steel's grain size, improves hardenability and thermal strength, and maintains sufficient strength and creep resistance at high temperatures (deformation caused by prolonged stress at high temperatures is called creep). Adding molybdenum to structural steel improves mechanical properties. It also suppresses the brittleness of alloy steels caused by heat. In tool steel, it improves reddening properties.
- Cr In structural and tool steels, chromium significantly increases strength, hardness, and wear resistance, but also reduces plasticity and toughness. Chromium also improves steel's oxidation and corrosion resistance, making it an important alloying element in stainless and heat-resistant steels.
- Cu is an impurity element rather than an alloying element.
- Mo, Cr, and Nb may be impurity elements rather than alloying elements in some specific embodiments, but may be alloying elements in other embodiments.
- the chemical composition of the continuous casting billet is, by mass percentage, as follows: C: 0.03-0.10%, Si: 0.15-0.35%, Mn: 0.5-0.9%, Ni: 0.4-10.0%, Al: 0.015-0.055%, Cu ⁇ 0.015%, Mo ⁇ 0.010%, Cr ⁇ 0.015%, Nb ⁇ 0.006%, T.O ⁇ 10ppm, P ⁇ 0.005%, S ⁇ 0.002%, N ⁇ 0.002%, H ⁇ 1.5ppm, with the remainder being iron and unavoidable impurities.
- the chemical composition of the continuous casting ingot in addition to C, Si, Mn, Ni, Al, Cu, Mo, Cr, and Nb, is composed of iron and unavoidable impurities.
- impurities include, for example, T.O., P., S., N., and H.
- the chemical composition of the continuous casting ingot measured in weight percentage, includes: T.O. ⁇ 10 ppm, P. ⁇ 0.0045%, S. ⁇ 0.0015%, N. ⁇ 0.0025%, and H. ⁇ 1.5 ppm.
- the impurity element content is low, and the continuous casting ingot is a high-purity, low-temperature steel continuous casting ingot.
- T.O of the continuous casting billet ⁇ 7ppm, ⁇ 6ppm, ⁇ 5ppm, ⁇ 4ppm or ⁇ 3ppm;
- P of the continuous casting billet ⁇ 0.004%, ⁇ 0.0035%, ⁇ 0.003%, ⁇ 0.0025%, ⁇ 0.002% or ⁇ 0.0015%;
- S of the continuous casting billet ⁇ 0.0014%, ⁇ 0.0013%, ⁇ 0.0010%, ⁇ 0.0009%, ⁇ 0.0008% or ⁇ 0.0005%;
- N of the continuous casting billet ⁇ 0.0025%, ⁇ 0.0022%, ⁇ 0.0020%, ⁇ 0.0018%, ⁇ 0.0016% or ⁇ 0.0015%;
- H of the continuous casting billet ⁇ 1.3ppm, ⁇ 1.2ppm, ⁇ 1.0ppm, ⁇ 0.8ppm or ⁇ 0.6ppm.
- O and N easily form high-melting-point precipitates, such as Al2O3 and AlN, with Al. These precipitates are relatively large, reaching several microns in diameter. This can easily cause stress concentration near the precipitates, becoming a crack source and severely impacting the matrix's low-temperature toughness. Therefore, the content of these elements should be minimized.
- oxygen adversely affects the mechanical properties of steel. Not only the oxygen concentration, but also the quantity, type, and distribution of oxygen-containing inclusions play a significant role.
- H When the hydrogen content in steel is greater than 2ppm, hydrogen plays an important role in the so-called “scaling” phenomenon. This scaling phenomenon is generally more obvious when internal cracks and fractures occur during the cooling process after rolling and forging, and is more often found in large sections or high-carbon steels.
- more than 90% of the oxide inclusions in the obtained continuous casting slab have an Al 2 O 3 content of ⁇ 85%, more than 96% of the oxide inclusions have a size of ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, and the largest oxide inclusion does not exceed 25 ⁇ m.
- composition and size analysis methods for oxide inclusions are conventional techniques in the field.
- a scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used for automatic inclusion statistical analysis. Five samples measuring 20 mm long, 20 mm wide, and 15 mm thick are uniformly collected from the inner and outer arcs at the 1/4 position along the width of the continuous casting ingot. Each sample is scanned with a SEM, and the oxide inclusions within a 10 mm x 10 mm area are counted. During the scanning process, the electron microscope's energy spectrum analysis provides the content of each element. Converted to aluminum oxide, the Al2O3 content of each oxide inclusion can be obtained . The SEM can also automatically calculate the size of each oxide inclusion.
- the central carbon segregation of the obtained continuous casting billet is below level 1.5, or even below level 1 or below level 0.5; the surface cracks of the continuous casting billet are ⁇ 1.5mm, or even ⁇ 1.3mm, ⁇ 1.2mm, ⁇ 1.0mm, ⁇ 0.9mm or ⁇ 0.8mm; the width deviation of the obtained continuous casting billet is within 5mm, and the thickness deviation is within 2mm.
- the production method further comprises:
- Hot rolling process After leaving the heating furnace, the continuous casting slab is hot rolled into hot-rolled plates with a thickness of 5 to 60 mm.
- the starting rolling temperature is 1030 to 1130°C
- the finishing rolling temperature is 800 to 850°C
- the rolling amount per pass is 10 to 15%;
- the hot-rolled plate is naturally air-cooled to below 200°C, and then subjected to secondary quenching and tempering heat treatment, and then naturally cooled to room temperature to obtain a finished plate; wherein, the temperature of the first quenching is 800-900°C, and the temperature of the second quenching is 700-800°C; if h ⁇ 20mm, the tempering temperature is 600-620°C; if h ⁇ 40mm, the tempering temperature is 560-580°C; if 20mm ⁇ h ⁇ 40mm, the tempering temperature is >580°C and ⁇ 600°C.
- the production method can be used to prepare low-temperature steel plates with excellent mechanical properties, excellent low-temperature properties, and excellent surface quality.
- the resulting finished plate product has a Z-direction cross-sectional shrinkage of ⁇ 70%, and low-temperature impact energy values of ⁇ 185 J at -80°C, -95°C, -125°C, and -196°C. Furthermore, the Z-direction cross-sectional shrinkage is ⁇ 75%, ⁇ 80%, ⁇ 85%, or even ⁇ 90%.
- the low-temperature impact energy values at -80°C, -95°C, -125°C, and -196°C can reach 215 J or more, 250 J or more, or even 320 J or more.
- the finished plate product can be subjected to a room-temperature tensile property test on a hydraulic universal testing machine in accordance with GB/T 228.1-2010, "Tensile Testing of Metallic Materials - Part 1: Room-Temperature Test Methods," and a low-temperature impact test on an impact testing machine in accordance with GB/T 229-2020, "Charpy Pendulum Impact Test Method for Metallic Materials,” to determine the product's room-temperature tensile and low-temperature impact properties.
- the heat treatment process includes an initial secondary quenching stage and a subsequent tempering heat treatment stage.
- the temperature for the first quenching is 800-900°C
- the temperature for the second quenching is 700-800°C.
- the temperatures for the first and second quenching can be fine-tuned based on the Ni content in the steel. For example, when the Ni content is 3-4%, the first quenching temperature is 820 ⁇ 20°C, and the second quenching temperature is 720 ⁇ 20°C. When the Ni content is 8-10%, the first quenching temperature is 880 ⁇ 20°C, and the second quenching temperature is 780 ⁇ 20°C.
- the first quenching time in the furnace is (2.0-2.2) min/mm ⁇ h+(5-10) min
- the second quenching time in the furnace is (2.1-2.3) min/mm ⁇ h+(5-10) min
- the tempering time in the furnace is (2.5-2.8) min/mm ⁇ h+(5-10) min, where h is the thickness of the hot-rolled plate.
- this set of examples prepares continuous casting billets according to the process of KR desulfurization - converter smelting - LF refining - RH vacuum refining - continuous casting, and the LF refining - RH vacuum refining process is implemented using the first embodiment described above.
- the specific process is as follows.
- the blast furnace molten iron is put into the KR desulfurization equipment for desulfurization treatment. After the desulfurization is completed, the slag is skimmed and the S content of the molten iron leaving the station is ⁇ 0.0010%.
- the desulfurized molten iron is fed into a converter for converter smelting.
- the specific process is as described in the converter phosphorus control smelting method and/or the production method described in the above embodiment.
- Desulfurized molten iron and the first batch of scrap steel were added to a single converter for preliminary blowing.
- the basicity and T.Fe content of the slag produced are shown in Table 1.
- the oxygen lance position was 1.8-2.0 m, and the top-blown oxygen flow rate was 28,000-30,000 Nm 3 /h.
- the oxygen lance position was raised and the top-blown oxygen flow rate was reduced twice simultaneously.
- Argon was blown bottom throughout the blowing process and the molten steel temperature was controlled at 1,380-1,420°C.
- the bottom blowing of argon was continued for 1-3 minutes, and then the slag was blocked for tapping.
- the final molten steel temperature was 1,360-1,400°C, the C content was 3.3-3.8%, and the P content was ⁇ 0.018%, to obtain semi-steel molten steel.
- the molten steel from the converter was transported to the LF furnace for refining, which included a power-on heating stage, an alloying stage, and a slag-making stage in sequence.
- the tapping temperatures were shown in Table 2.
- calcium carbide and aluminum particles were used to adjust the slag composition.
- the specific slag composition is shown in Table 2.
- the molten steel obtained from the LF furnace refining is transported to the RH vacuum refining furnace for RH vacuum refining.
- the vacuum degree is reduced to below 1.5 mbar
- metallic aluminum is added to the molten steel
- 2 to 4 kg/t of low-carbon steel slag surface deoxidizer is added to the ladle slag surface.
- the vacuum treatment is continued for 15 to 20 minutes; then, the treatment is continued at a vacuum degree of more than 5 mbar for 10 to 20 minutes, and finally the air is broken to tap the steel.
- the specific operation process is as described in the second embodiment above.
- testing shows that in the continuous casting ingot, approximately M% of the oxide inclusions have an Al2O3 content ⁇ 80%, and approximately N% of the oxide inclusions have a size ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, where M and N are shown in Table 11 respectively. Furthermore, the maximum size, central carbon segregation level, maximum surface crack, width deviation, and thickness deviation of the oxide inclusions are also shown in Table 11.
- each continuous-cast slab in this set of examples were ground.
- a high-temperature, anti-oxidation coating with a thickness of 0.8 to 1.5 mm was then sprayed onto the ground surfaces.
- the slabs were then heated in a heating furnace at a rate of 20 to 30°C/min in the preheating stage and 30 to 50°C/min in the heating stage. After leaving the heating furnace, the slabs were hot-rolled into sheets.
- the preheating, heating, and soaking temperatures in the heating furnace, the thickness of the sheets obtained after hot rolling, and the start and finish rolling temperatures are shown in Table 12.
- the hot-rolled plates were naturally air-cooled to below 200°C and then subjected to secondary quenching and tempering heat treatments. After cooling to room temperature, the finished plates were obtained.
- the temperature and furnace time for the first quenching, the temperature and furnace time for the second quenching, and the tempering temperature and furnace time are shown in Table 13.
- the finished plate products exhibit excellent room temperature and low-temperature mechanical properties, with low-temperature impact energy values of ⁇ 185 J at -80°C, -95°C, -125°C, and -196°C. Furthermore, the Z-direction shrinkage of the finished plate products of each example is ⁇ 70%.
- this set of examples prepares continuous casting billets according to the process of KR desulfurization - converter smelting - LF refining - RH vacuum refining - continuous casting, and the LF refining - RH vacuum refining process is implemented using the third embodiment described above.
- the specific process is as follows.
- the blast furnace molten iron is put into the KR desulfurization equipment for desulfurization treatment. After the desulfurization is completed, the slag is skimmed and the S content of the molten iron leaving the station is ⁇ 0.0010%.
- Desulfurized molten iron and the first batch of scrap steel were added to a single converter for preliminary blowing.
- the basicity and T.Fe content of the slag produced are shown in Table 15.
- the oxygen lance position in the first minute of blowing was 1.8-2.0 m, and the top-blown oxygen flow rate was 28,000-30,000 Nm 3 /h. From the second minute to the end of blowing, the oxygen lance position was raised and the top-blown oxygen flow rate was reduced twice simultaneously.
- Argon was blown bottom throughout the blowing process and the molten steel temperature was controlled at 1,380-1,420°C. After the end of blowing, the bottom blowing of argon was continued for 1-3 minutes, and then the slag was blocked for tapping.
- the final molten steel temperature was 1,360-1,400°C, the C content was 3.3-3.8%, and the P content was ⁇ 0.018%, to obtain semi-steel molten steel.
- the molten steel from the converter is transported to the LF furnace for refining, which includes a power-on heating stage, an alloying stage, and a slag-making stage in sequence.
- the tapping temperature is shown in Table 16.
- the slag-making stage calcium carbide and aluminum particles are used to adjust the slag composition.
- the specific slag composition is shown in Table 16.
- testing shows that in the continuous casting ingot, approximately M% of the oxide inclusions have an Al2O3 content ⁇ 80%, and approximately N% of the oxide inclusions have a size ⁇ 5 ⁇ m, where M and N are shown in Table 21 respectively. Furthermore, the maximum size, central carbon segregation level, maximum surface crack, width deviation, and thickness deviation of the oxide inclusions are also shown in Table 18 respectively.
- each continuous-cast slab in this set of examples was surface-ground.
- a high-temperature, anti-oxidation coating with a thickness of 0.8 to 1.5 mm was then sprayed onto the ground surface.
- the slabs were then heated in a heating furnace at a preheating rate of 20 to 30°C/min and a heating rate of 30 to 50°C/min. After leaving the furnace, the slabs were hot-rolled into sheets.
- the preheating, heating, and soaking temperatures in the heating furnace, the thickness of the hot-rolled sheets, and the start and finish rolling temperatures are shown in Table 19.
- one embodiment of the present invention adopts the converter phosphorus-controlled smelting method, and realizes efficient and stable dephosphorization through three small stages of preliminary blowing and two large stages of deep blowing, thereby realizing converter smelting of ultra-low-phosphorus molten steel, and the production process can be completed by a single converter, with high efficiency, little equipment damage and low cost; and, refining and continuous casting are carried out based on the low-phosphorus molten steel produced by the converter, which is conducive to the preparation of low-phosphorus continuous casting billets, meeting the preparation requirements of high-purity steel.
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Abstract
一种低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法及高质量低温钢的生产方法。所述冶炼方法先在转炉中加入铁水和废钢吹炼,炉渣碱度2.0~2.5、全铁25~35%,第1分钟枪位1.8~2m、吹氧28000~30000Nm 3/h,之后两次同时控制枪位升高和吹氧降低,吹炼结束挡渣出钢,得到半钢钢水;将半钢钢水、镍板和第二批废钢加入转炉深度吹炼,分为持续3~4分钟的前期和后期,后期吹炼造碱度5.5~9.5的炉渣,终点钢水温度1580~1620℃、P≤0.0035%、C含量0.02~0.05%。
Description
本申请要求了申请日为2024年03月29日,申请号为202410377187.0,发明名称为“低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法及高质量低温钢的生产方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
本发明涉及一种低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法及高质量低温钢的生产方法,属于钢铁材料生产制造技术领域。
液化天然气的大型运输、存储对容器材料的要求极为严苛,其中,以9Ni、5Ni、3.5Ni等为代表的不同等级和用途的低温钢可作为天然气的储运容器材料。
镍系低温钢是指在-70℃~-196℃低温下服役的含镍系列焊接结构专用钢材,主要用于石油、化工等能源行业,用于制造各种液化石油气、液乙烯、液氧、液氮、液化天然气等的生产及存储容器。
低温钢由于其用途的特殊性,对产品洁净度要求极高,其中,对于P元素的含量控制,例如专利申请CN112680557A、CN101328529A、CN112662839A等,但是这些技术存在脱磷效果不理想、操作难度大、设备损耗大、精炼周期长等一些缺陷。因此,如何高效、稳定地控制P含量,是低温钢的生产过程中的重要一环。
另外,在生产低温钢时,除了P元素之外,还需要同时兼顾S、O、N等元素的控制,从而得到高纯净度的低温钢。
本发明的目的在于提供一种低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法及高质量低温钢的生产方法。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明一实施方式提供了一种低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法。所述转炉控磷冶炼方法包括,
在转炉中加入脱硫后的铁水和第一批废钢进行吹炼,造碱度2.0~2.5、T.Fe含量25~35%的炉渣,吹炼的第1min的吹氧枪枪位1.8~2.0m、顶吹氧气量28000~30000Nm3/h,第2min至吹炼结束的期间,两次同时控制吹氧枪枪位升高和顶吹氧气量降低,吹炼全程底吹氩气且控制钢水温度在1380~1420℃,吹炼结束后底吹氩气继续1~3min,然后挡渣出钢,终点钢水温度1360~1400℃、C含量3.3~3.8%、P含量≤0.018%,得到半钢钢水;
在所述转炉清理钢渣和余钢之后,将所述半钢钢水、镍板和第二批废钢加入所述转炉中进行吹炼,所述第二批废钢占所述第一批废钢和第二批废钢的总重的50~70%,吹炼全程分为持续3~4min的前期吹炼和后期吹炼,前期吹炼期间,在吹炼开始时先加入石灰、轻烧白云石,吹炼1min后分3-5个批次加入球团,以维持整个前期吹炼期间的炉渣中T.Fe含量≥13%,前期吹炼结束后持续底吹氩气1~2min,而后部分倒渣,进入后期吹炼,后期吹炼造碱度5.5~9.5的炉渣,后期吹炼的终点钢水温度1580~1620℃、P≤0.0035%、C含量0.02~0.05%,倒渣出钢,得到转炉冶炼终钢。
与现有技术相比,本发明一实施方式的有益效果在于:先将一部分废钢(即第一批废钢)和铁水一起在转炉中进行初步吹炼,造低中碱度(例如2.0~2.5)、高氧化性(例如T.Fe含量25~35%)炉渣,初步吹炼分三个阶段——起始的低枪位+高氧气量的短时间(例如,第1min)吹炼、中间的高枪位+低氧气量的阶段、最后的更高枪位+更低氧气量的阶段,且全程底吹并维持钢水温度1380~1420℃,从而一方面使得Si元素加快氧化放热,促进冶炼前期的高效化渣脱磷,实现炉渣快速熔化,再通过枪位分两次升高、氧气量分两次降低,逐步实现高效脱磷,且脱磷后钢渣的融化非常好,避免后期回磷;接下来,再将剩余废钢(即第二批废钢)、镍板和半钢钢水重新倒入到清理干净的所述转炉中进行深度吹炼,在该阶段实现更高程度的脱磷,并且还合并脱碳,该深度吹炼分为前期吹炼和后期吹炼的两个阶段,前期吹炼中在1min时开始分批次加入球团以维持整个前期吹炼期间的炉渣中T.Fe含量≥13%,实现了对炉渣返干的控制,大大提高了脱磷脱碳效果,也可以避免回磷,后期吹炼阶段中造高碱度炉渣,促进炉渣脱磷且减少后期回磷,稳定脱磷效果,如此,通过三小阶段的初步吹炼和两大阶段的深度吹炼,实现了高效地、稳定地脱磷,实现了超低磷钢水的转炉冶炼,且生产过程单座转炉即可完成、效率高、设备损害小、成本低。
优选地,所述的“第2min至吹炼结束的期间,两次同时控制吹氧枪枪位升高和顶吹氧气量降低”为:第2~3min的吹氧枪枪位2.2~2.5m、顶吹氧气量26000~28000Nm3/h,第4min以后的吹氧枪枪位2.5~2.8m、顶吹氧气量23000~26000Nm3/h。
优选地,所述的“吹炼全程底吹氩气且控制钢水温度在1380~1420℃”包括:
在第二次同时控制吹氧枪枪位升高和顶吹氧气量降低之前,底吹氩气量1200~1500Nm3/h,之后底吹氩气量600~800Nm3/h。如此,在初步吹炼分三个阶段且每个阶段控制吹氧枪枪位和顶吹氧气量的同时,还控制底吹氩气量,实现了初步吹炼呈现以下三个阶段——起始的低枪位+高氧气量+高氩气量的短时间(例如,第1min)吹炼、中间的高枪位+低氧气量+高氩气量的阶段、最后的更高枪位+更低氧气量+低氩气量的阶段,这样结合枪位、氧气量和氩气量,实现对钢水的温度、化渣速度和成分的快速精准调整,进一步提高了脱磷效果。
优选地,所述的“吹炼结束后底吹氩气继续1~3min”中,底吹氩气量为800~1000Nm3/h。
优选地,所述的“在转炉中加入脱硫后的铁水和第一批废钢进行吹炼”中,采用第一造渣剂进行造渣,所述第一造渣剂包括:石灰、球团、轻烧白云石。
优选地,所述前期吹炼中,第1min的吹氧枪枪位1.8~2.0m、顶吹氧气量33000~35000Nm3/h,之后吹氧枪枪位2.2~2.5m、顶吹氧气量25000~28000Nm3/h;所述前期吹炼中,全程底吹氩气,且第1min的底吹氩气量800~1000Nm3/h,之后底吹氩气量600~800Nm3/h。这样,前期吹炼中,先进行低枪位+高氧气量的短时间吹炼,再转成高枪位+低氧气量的吹炼,可以进一步促进炉渣的调控,脱碳脱磷的同时,避免回磷;并且,结合枪位和氧气量的控制,通过控制氩气量,可以更高效的促进脱磷渣去除。
优选地,所述前期吹炼中,采用第二造渣剂进行造渣,所述第二造渣剂包括:石灰、球团、轻烧白云石。
优选地,所述后期吹炼中,加石灰、球团、轻烧白云石进行造渣。
优选地,所述后期吹炼中,开始时的吹氧枪枪位1.8~2.0m、顶吹氧气量36000~38000Nm3/h,吹炼结束之前的4.5min到0.5min期间先后进行两次同时调控吹氧枪枪位和顶吹氧气量,第一次调控吹氧枪枪位降低、顶吹氧气量升高,第二次调控吹氧枪枪位升高、顶吹氧气量降低。如此,可以在高效脱碳脱磷的基础上,大大降低回磷,并稳定最终的脱磷效果。
优选地,所述后期吹炼中,在吹炼结束之前的4min时,第一次调控吹氧枪枪位降低至1.6~1.8m、顶吹氧气量升高为38000~40000Nm3/h,在吹炼结束之前的1min时,第二次调控吹氧枪枪位升高至2.2~2.5m、顶吹氧气量降低为28000~30000Nm3/h。
优选地,所述后期吹炼中,开始时的底吹氩气量1000~1200Nm3/h,在第一次调控吹氧枪枪位降低、顶吹氧气量升高的同时,将底吹氩气量升高至1300~1500Nm3/h并维持至所述后期吹炼结束之后的1~2min,而后结束底吹氩气并倒渣出钢。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明一实施方式提供了一种高质量低温钢的生产方法。所述生产方法包括,
在KR脱硫设备处理铁水,出站温度1350~1400℃,出站铁水的S含量≤0.0010%;
将脱硫后的铁水采用所述的低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法进行钢水冶炼;
将转炉冶炼所得钢水运至LF炉中进行精炼,包括依序的通电升温、合金化、造渣,出站温度1610~1630℃;而后,将LF炉出站钢水运至RH真空精炼炉进行真空处理,破空出钢;
钢水从RH真空精炼炉吊运至连铸平台静置,然后浇注,得到连铸坯。
如此,本发明一实施方式的所述生产方法,在KR脱硫-转炉冶炼-精炼-连铸的工艺路线基础上,采用所述转炉控磷冶炼方法,通过三小阶段的初步吹炼和两大阶段的深度吹炼,实现了高效地、稳定地脱磷,实现了超低磷钢水的转炉冶炼,且生产过程单座转炉即可完成、效率高、设备损害小、成本低;并且,基于转炉所出低磷钢水来进行精炼和连铸,利于制备得到低磷的连铸坯,以实现高纯净度连铸坯的制备。
优选地,所述的“倒渣出钢,得到转炉冶炼终钢”中的出钢过程中,先后进行脱氧合金化和造渣,并且出钢过程中的钢包底吹流量400~600NL/min,出钢结束的钢包底吹流量提升为800~1000NL/min;
出钢10~20%时按顺序加入金属铝、低钛低铝硅铁、金属锰对钢水进行脱氧合金化,至出钢60~70%时全部加完,然后加入石灰和铝酸钙合成渣进行造渣,至出钢80~90%时全部加完。
优选地,所述铝酸钙合成渣的粒度10~50mm,其化学成分以重量百分比计包括:CaO 50-60%,Al2O3 35-45%,MgO 2-4%,SiO2≤3%,以及其它不可避免的杂质组分,其中物相12CaO·7Al2O3占所述铝酸钙合成渣的复合相的80%以上。如此,在实现高效脱磷的情况下,采用铝酸钙合成渣以低熔点的物相12CaO·7Al2O3为主要成分,还可以实现快速超强脱硫效果,大大降低钢水中的S含量。
优选地,在LF炉中进行精炼的造渣阶段,采用电石和铝粒对炉渣进行脱氧,以将炉渣成分调整为以重量百分比计含50~55%的CaO、30~35%的Al2O3、3~6%的SiO2、4~7%的MgO、1.5%以下的T.Fe+MnO以及其它不可避免的杂质组分;
在RH真空精炼炉进行真空处理时,先在1.5mbar以下的真空度下持续处理15~20min,然后在5mbar以上的真空度下持续处理10~20min,最后破空出钢。
优选地,在LF炉中进行精炼的造渣阶段,采用电石和低碳钢渣面脱氧剂对炉渣进行脱氧,以将炉渣成分调整为以重量百分比计含50~55%的CaO、30~35%的Al2O3、3~6%的SiO2、4~7%的MgO、2~5%的T.Fe+MnO以及其它不可避免的杂质组分;如此,本实施方式通过电石和低碳钢渣面脱氧剂来调整炉渣的成分,尤其是从传统的低占比T.Fe+MnO提高到2~5%,经发明人研究发现,这样可以大大减小钢水吸N;
在RH真空精炼炉进行真空处理时,在钢水到站后4min内将真空度降低到1.5mbar以下,而后向钢水中加入金属铝,向钢包渣面加入2~4kg/t的低碳钢渣面脱氧剂,之后持续真空处理15~20min;然后在5mbar以上的真空度下持续处理10~20min,最后破空出钢;如此,一方面通过快速抽深真空,再一方面通过真空状态下向钢水中加入金属铝及向渣面加入低碳钢渣面脱氧剂同时脱氧,可以利用钢水C~O反应形成的微小气泡、深真空下大流量提升气体吹入的氩气泡以及深真空钢水界面反应等综合大幅脱气,降低钢水O、N含量,然后在真空条件下加入金属铝及低碳钢渣面脱氧剂,避免金属铝的氧化和合金化及造渣时吸气,另外,在LF精炼工序中的炉渣成分设计的情况下,该RH真空精炼工序的处理还可以避免因LF精炼工序中的炉渣成分设计所引起的氧化性高的问题。
优选地,在LF炉中进行精炼的造渣阶段,向钢水中加0.3~0.5kg/t的电石、1.0~2.0kg/t的第二铝酸钙合成渣,以将炉渣成分调整为以质量百分比计含50~55%的CaO、30~35%的Al2O3、1~3%的CaF2、3%以内的SiO2、4~6%的MgO、1%以内的T.Fe+MnO以及其它不可避免的杂质组分。
优选地,所述第二铝酸钙合成渣的组分按质量百分数计包括40~45%的CaO、10~15%的Al2O3、5~10%的CaF2、3%以内的SiO2、2~5%的MgO、5~10%的CaC2、15~20%的单质铝,且其中物相12CaO·7Al2O3的质量百分数超30%,其余为CaO、CaF2、SiO2、MgO的单相或复合相。
优选地,在RH真空精炼炉进行真空处理时,先在200mbar以上真空度下、以80~100Nm3/h的提升气体流量处理3~5min,再在1.5mbar以下的真空度下、以150~200Nm3/h的提升气体流量持续处理10~15min,然后在50mbar以上的真空度下、以150~200Nm3/h的提升气体流量持续处理5min以上,最后破空出钢。如此,先采用高压力(具体例如在200mbar以上)、低提升气体流量(具体例如提升气体流量维持在80~100Nm3/h),再采用深真空(具体例如1.5mbar以下)、高提升气体流量(具体例如提升气体流量为150~200Nm3/h),最后再用较高压力(具体例如50mbar以上)继续处理,这样的方式,使得先控制低循环量来处理钢水,促进夹杂物上浮的同时,减少对耐材的侵蚀,再采用深真空高循环量来处理钢水,从而快速以及更强的去除夹杂物(也即除氧),最后再降低循环量,从而减少耐材侵蚀所引入的夹杂物的同时,大量带走夹杂物,综上来控制总氧含量,提高钢水的纯净度,进而保证最终低温钢的低温性能。
优选地,在真空度降至500mbar之后,从靠近下降管的区域处向钢包中喂入钙线1.0~1.5m/t且喂线速度4~6m/s。如此,通过向钢水中喂入钙线,利用Ca来进行进一步脱氧,并且改善夹杂物的成分,从而进一步提升钢水的纯净度。
优选地,在RH真空精炼炉的真空度降至1.5mbar以下之后,持续处理10~15min期间,从靠近上升管的区域处向钢包中喂入钙线0.5~1.0m/t且喂线速度1~1.5m/s。如此,在临近上升管的区域喂钙线的实施方式,结合低喂线速度+薄铁皮,使得Ca能够喂入钢水的中上部并快速地和钢水中的O元素接触来形成夹杂物,这一大部分Ca元素快速地从上升管随钢水抽入RH真空精炼炉的真空室内部,从而实现快速脱氧,而剩余的少部分Ca元素则可以溶入钢包的钢水中,参与钢水脱氧循环,经发明人研究意外地发现,这种方式的脱氧效果将T.O含量进一步降低2~5ppm。
优选地,RH真空精炼炉的下降管和上升管以一镜像面对称分布,RH真空精炼炉处的钢包具有过上升管的中心并平行于镜像面的拟合面,所述的“靠近上升管的区域”处于所述拟合面和所述镜像面之间。
优选地,所述连铸坯的化学成分以重量百分比计包括:T.O≤10ppm、P≤0.0045%、S≤0.0015%、N≤0.0025%、H≤1.5ppm。
优选地,所述连铸坯的90%以上氧化物夹杂物中Al2O3含量≥80%,96%以上氧化物夹杂物尺寸≤5μm,最大尺寸氧化物夹杂物不超过25μm。
优选地,所述的“钢水从RH真空精炼炉吊运至连铸平台静置,然后浇注,得到连铸坯”包括:
将所述钢水采用板坯连铸机进行浇注,得到厚度220mm或320mm、宽度1500~2300mm的坯料;中间包钢水的过热度30~50℃,结晶器采用熔点为1100~1200℃的低熔点碱性保护渣,拉速v为1.05~1.35m/min,结晶器的锥度1.05~1.2%;这样,在拉速v和结晶器锥度的控制基础上,结合高过热度和低熔点碱性保护渣,保护渣的熔化速率度,对坯料的皮壳具有优异的保护和润滑作用,导热效果得到保障,提升坯料的冷却均匀性;
所述坯料出结晶器之后在二冷区进行冷却,所述二冷区按照水量不同分10个区段;第1区段的水量是结晶器的水量的1/10以下,第2~4区段的水量大于第1区段的水量且依次递减,第5区段的水量小于第1区段的水量,第6区段的内弧水量小于外弧水量,第7~10区段的内外弧边部水量小于内外弧中部水量;这样,钢水在结晶器中的冷却强度大(水量大),出结晶器之后在第1区段大幅度降低冷却强度(水量突降9/10以上),使得坯料的皮壳适当回温,而第2~4区段的水量又再次增大,从而防止回温时皮壳减薄而造成漏钢;同时,第2~4区段的水量依次递减,也即第2区段的水量>第3区段的水量>第4区段的水量,这样在保证避免漏钢的同时,还可以避免疲劳过冷而引起坯料在矫直、切割和堆放时出现内部裂纹;再者,从第6区段开始,对内弧和外弧的水量、边部和中部的水量进行精准调节,从而保证坯料冷却的均匀性,并防止因边部/角部过冷而产生裂纹;
坯料在第8~10区段进行压下且三个区段各分配25%、25%和50%的压下量,厚度220mm和320mm的坯料的压下量分别为3~5mm和6~8mm;这样,通过对坯料的压下以及对压下量的分配调控,可以优化铸坯的内部质量和偏析问题;
坯料离开全部扇形段之后进行切割和堆垛缓冷,得到连铸坯。
优选地,根据拉速v的变化调整结晶器的锥度、结晶器的水量以及第1至5区段的水量,包括:
当拉速v在1.20m/min以下时,结晶器的锥度1.1~1.2%;否则,结晶器的锥度1.05~1.15%;如此,能够降低坯料在冷却过程中收缩而导致的冷却不均匀;
当拉速v在1.20m/min以下时,结晶器的宽侧水量3600~3900NL/min、窄侧水量390~420NL/min;否则,结晶器的宽侧水量3900~4100NL/min、窄侧水量420~450NL/min;如此,一方面,使得结晶器采用大的冷却强度,同时还根据拉速v来调整结晶器的水量不同,降低坯料在冷却过程中收缩而导致的冷却不均匀;
第1至5区段的内外弧具有对应拉速v=1.05m/min的标准水量以及对应于拉速v>1.05m/min的增强水量,所述增强水量为标准水量与增量水量ΔT=T×floor((v-1.05m/min)/0.05m/min)之和,T取值5~10NL/min;其中,第1至5区段的内外弧的对应拉速v=1.05m/min的标准水量分别为250~290NL/min、575±25NL/min、525±25NL/min、475±25NL/min、175±25NL/min;这样,按照所述标准水量、所述增量水量的方式对第1至5区段的内外弧水量进行控制,能够使得坯料的皮壳适当回温,并且在保证避免漏钢的同时,进一步避免疲劳过冷而引起坯料在矫直、切割和堆放时出现内部裂纹。
优选地,所述连铸坯的中心碳偏析1.5级以下、表面裂纹≤1.5mm。
优选地,所述生产方法还包括:
将连铸坯送入加热炉进行加热,预热段最高温度为750~850℃,加热段最高温度为1100~1200℃,均热段最高温度为1150~1200℃,预热段升温速度20~30℃/min,加热段升温速度30~50℃/min;
将加热后的连铸坯热轧成厚度h为5~60mm的热轧板材,开轧温度为1030~1130℃,终轧温度为800~850℃;
将热轧板材自然空冷至200℃以下,而后进行二次淬火和回火热处理,之后自然冷却至室温,得到板材成品;其中,第一次淬火的温度为800~900℃,第二次淬火的温度为700~800℃;若h≤20mm,则回火温度600~620℃;若h≥40mm,则回火温度560~580℃;若20mm<h<40mm,则回火温度>580℃且<600℃。如此,所述生产方法可以用于制备力学性能优异、低温性能优异、表面质量优异的低温钢板材。
优选地,第一次淬火的在炉时长为(2.0~2.2)min/mm×h+(5~10)min,第二淬火的在炉时长为(2.1~2.3)min/mm×h+(5~10)min,回火的在炉时长为(2.5~2.8)min/mm×h+(5~10)min,其中h为热轧板材的厚度。
优选地,所述板材成品的Z向断面收缩率≥70%、-80℃和-196℃低温冲击功单值均≥215J。
图1是本发明一实施方式的低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法的流程示意图;
图2是本发明一实施方式的低温钢的生产方法的流程示意图;
图3是本发明一实施方式中的RH真空精炼炉的部分结构示意图;
图4是图3中沿A-A剖线的剖面图。
本发明一实施方式提供了一种低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法,其可以单座转炉实现高效、稳定地控制磷含量。具体地,参图1所示,所述转炉控磷冶炼方法包括:
在转炉中加入脱硫后的铁水和第一批废钢进行吹炼,造碱度2.0~2.5、T.Fe含量25~35%的炉渣,吹炼的第1min的吹氧枪枪位1.8~2.0m、顶吹氧气量28000~30000Nm3/h,第2min至吹炼结束的期间,两次同时控制吹氧枪枪位升高和顶吹氧气量降低,吹炼全程底吹氩气且控制钢水温度在1380~1420℃,吹炼结束后底吹氩气继续1~3min,然后挡渣出钢,终点钢水温度1360~1400℃、C含量3.3~3.8%、P含量≤0.018%,得到半钢钢水;
在所述转炉清理钢渣和余钢之后,将所述半钢钢水、镍板和第二批废钢加入所述转炉中进行吹炼,所述第二批废钢占所述第一批废钢和第二批废钢的总重的50~70%,吹炼全程分为持续3~4min的前期吹炼和后期吹炼,前期吹炼期间,在吹炼开始时先加入石灰、轻烧白云石,吹炼1min后分3-5个批次加入球团,以维持整个前期吹炼期间的炉渣中T.Fe含量≥13%,前期吹炼结束后持续底吹氩气1~2min,而后部分倒渣,进入后期吹炼,后期吹炼造碱度5.5~9.5的炉渣,后期吹炼的终点钢水温度1580~1620℃、P≤0.0035%、C含量0.02~0.05%,倒渣出钢,得到转炉冶炼终钢。
如此,本发明一实施方式的转炉控磷冶炼技术,先将一部分废钢(即第一批废钢)和铁水一起在转炉中进行初步吹炼,造低中碱度(例如2.0~2.5)、高氧化性(例如T.Fe含量25~35%)炉渣,初步吹炼分三个阶段——起始的低枪位+高氧气量的短时间(例如,第1min)吹炼、中间的高枪位+低氧气量的阶段、最后的更高枪位+更低氧气量的阶段,且全程底吹并维持钢水温度1360~1420℃,从而一方面使得Si元素加快氧化放热,促进冶炼前期的高效化渣脱磷,实现炉渣快速熔化,再通过枪位分两次升高、氧气量分两次降低,逐步实现高效脱磷,且脱磷后钢渣的融化非常好,避免后期回磷;接下来,再将剩余废钢(即第二批废钢)、镍板和半钢钢水重新倒入到清理干净的所述转炉中进行深度吹炼,在该阶段实现更高程度的脱磷,并且还合并脱碳,该深度吹炼分为前期吹炼和后期吹炼的两个阶段,在吹炼开始时先加入石灰、轻烧白云石,吹炼1min后分批次加入球团,以维持炉整个前期吹炼期间的渣中T.Fe含量≥13%,实现了对炉渣返干的控制,大大提高了脱磷脱碳效果,也可以避免回磷,后期吹炼阶段中造高碱度炉渣,促进炉渣脱磷且减少后期回磷,稳定脱磷效果,如此,通过三小阶段的初步吹炼和两大阶段的深度吹炼,实现了高效地、稳定地脱磷,实现了超低磷钢水的转炉冶炼,且生产过程单座转炉即可完成、效率高、设备损害小、成本低。
在本申请中,关于炉渣的碱度和全铁(即T.Fe)含量,可以采用如下方式予以获得:在冶炼过程中,用取样小铁桶装炉渣,待炉渣冷却后破碎,而后用XRF荧光法测量,得到炉渣中的各种组分(包括CaO、SiO2、T.Fe、Al2O3、MgO等)的质量百分比,也即各个组分的含量;而碱度为CaO/SiO2的质量百分比的比值。
其中,在转炉冶炼之前,预先根据所要制备低温钢的目标化学成分,大致确定所述脱硫后的铁水、废钢和镍板的各自总重量,例如,脱硫后的铁水的重量175~185t,废钢和镍板的总重量20~25t,而其中废钢的重量M1例如可以是5~20t。而在本实施方式中,将重量M1的全部废钢分成两批,一批大致为重量M1的30~50%,即所述第一批废钢,另一批为剩余的,大致为重量M1的50~70%,即所述第二批废钢,第一批废钢和脱硫后的铁水一起进行初步吹炼,在出钢得到半钢钢水后,第二批废钢再和半钢钢水一起进行吹炼,而并不是如常规技术的在转炉开始的初期就将全部的废钢投入冶炼,这样可以促进转炉冶炼中钢水温度、炉渣的控制,进而实现精准控磷。
可选地,所述镍板的化学成分以重量百分比计包括Ni≥99%、P≤0.025%、S≤0.03%,其余为Fe和其它不可避免的杂质。
废钢的化学成分以重量百分比计包括Si≤0.6%、Mn≤1.8%、Al≤0.08%、P≤0.02%、S≤0.01%,其余为Fe和其它不可避免的杂质。
可选地,废钢的单块的尺寸不超过500mm×500mm×200mm,当然,本申请中废钢的单块的尺寸不限于此。
进一步地,所述的“第2min至吹炼结束的期间,两次同时控制吹氧枪枪位升高和顶吹氧气量降低”为:第2~3min的吹氧枪枪位2.2~2.5m、顶吹氧气量26000~28000Nm3/h,也就是说,在第2min时第一次控制吹氧枪枪位升高和顶吹氧气量降低;第4min以后的吹氧枪枪位2.5~2.8m、顶吹氧气量23000~26000Nm3/h,也就是说,在第4min时第二次控制吹氧枪枪位升高和顶吹氧气量降低。
优选地,所述的“吹炼全程底吹氩气且控制钢水温度在1380~1420℃”包括:在第二次同时控制吹氧枪枪位升高和顶吹氧气量降低之前,底吹氩气量1200~1500Nm3/h,之后底吹氩气量1200~1500Nm3/h。这样,在初步吹炼分三个阶段且每个阶段控制吹氧枪枪位和顶吹氧气量的同时,还控制底吹氩气量,实现了初步吹炼呈现以下三个阶段——起始的低枪位+高氧气量+高氩气量的短时间(例如,第1min)吹炼、中间的高枪位+低氧气量+高氩气量的阶段、最后的更高枪位+更低氧气量+低氩气量的阶段,这样结合枪位、氧气量和氩气量,实现对钢水的温度、化渣速度和成分的快速精准调整,进一步提高了脱磷效果。
所述的“吹炼结束后底吹氩气继续1~3min”中,吹炼结束时顶吹氧气结束,可先将吹氧枪提起,当然这期间依然持续保持底吹氩气,并且底吹氩气量为800~1000Nm3/h,也即,从结束顶吹氧气开始,以800~1000Nm3/h的流量继续底吹氩气约1~3min,实现对钢水的充分搅拌,而后再挡渣(例如滑板挡渣方式)出钢。
在所述的“在转炉中加入脱硫后的铁水和第一批废钢进行吹炼”中,采用第一造渣剂进行造渣,所述第一造渣剂具有多种选择,例如以可选实施方式中,所述第一造渣剂可以是包括:石灰、球团、轻烧白云石。
进一步地,所述的“挡渣出钢,得到半钢钢水”之后,可以先将所述转炉中的钢渣和余钢清理干净,同时将装有所述半钢钢水的钢包,由所述转炉的底部轨道运至改转炉的炉前平台下方,提前打开平台钢板,然后将钢包吊起以使得所述半钢钢水重新兑入已经清理干净的转炉中,以便于进行接下来的深度冶炼。
如前面所述的,半钢钢水接下来进行的吹炼全程分为持续3~4min的前期吹炼和后期吹炼。其中,优选地,所述前期吹炼中,第1min的吹氧枪枪位1.8~2.0m、顶吹氧气量33000~35000Nm3/h,之后吹氧枪枪位2.2~2.5m、顶吹氧气量25000~28000Nm3/h,这样,前期吹炼中,先进行低枪位+高氧气量的短时间吹炼,再转成高枪位+低氧气量的吹炼,可以进一步促进炉渣的调控,脱碳脱磷的同时,避免回磷。
同时,所述前期吹炼中,全程底吹氩气,且第1min的底吹氩气量800~1000Nm3/h,之后底吹氩气量600~800Nm3/h。如此,结合枪位和氧气量的控制,通过控制氩气量,可以更高效的促进脱磷渣去除。
另外,所述的“前期吹炼结束后持续底吹氩气1~2min,而后部分倒渣”中,前期吹炼结束时顶吹氧气结束,可先将吹氧枪提起,当然这期间依然持续保持底吹氩气,并且底吹氩气量为600~800Nm3/h,也即,从所述前期吹炼的第2min开始直至所述前期吹炼结束(即停止吹氧)之后的1~2min期间,一直维持底吹氩气量600~800Nm3/h;而后再部分倒渣(例如倒掉70~80%重量份的钢渣)。
优选地,所述前期吹炼中,采用第二造渣剂进行造渣,所述第一造渣剂具有多种选择,例如以可选实施方式中,所述第二造渣剂包括:石灰、球团、轻烧白云石。在本申请中,为了便于理解,将所述前期吹炼所用的造渣剂以第二造渣剂,和转炉的初步吹炼中所用造渣剂以第一造渣剂,进行区分,当然,第一造渣剂和第二造渣剂的化学成分可以相同,也可以不同。
接下来,可选地,所述后期吹炼中,加石灰、球团、轻烧白云石进行造渣。当然,进行造渣的造渣剂不限于这些成分。
优选实施方式中,所述后期吹炼中,开始时的吹氧枪枪位1.8~2.0m、顶吹氧气量36000~38000Nm3/h,吹炼结束之前的4.5min到0.5min期间先后进行两次同时调控吹氧枪枪位和顶吹氧气量,第一次调控吹氧枪枪位降低、顶吹氧气量升高,第二次调控吹氧枪枪位升高、顶吹氧气量降低。也就是说,这一过程中,在第一次调控吹氧枪枪位降低、顶吹氧气量升高之前,维持吹氧枪枪位1.8~2.0m、顶吹氧气量36000~38000Nm3/h,之后经过第一次调控使得吹氧枪枪位降低、顶吹氧气量升高,再之后经过第二次调控使得吹氧枪枪位升高、顶吹氧气量降低。如此,可以在高效脱碳脱磷的基础上,大大降低回磷,并稳定最终的脱磷效果。
例如,所述后期吹炼中,在吹炼结束之前的4min时,第一次调控吹氧枪枪位降低至1.6~1.8m、顶吹氧气量升高为38000~40000Nm3/h,在吹炼结束之前的1min时,第二次调控吹氧枪枪位升高至2.2~2.5m、顶吹氧气量降低为28000~30000Nm3/h。相当于维持吹氧枪枪位1.6~1.8m、顶吹氧气量38000~40000Nm3/h的状态约3min,最后1min的吹氧枪枪位2.2~2.5m、顶吹氧气量28000~30000Nm3/h。当然,此处的第一次调控、第二次调控的各自时机并非必须发生于吹炼结束之前的4min时、吹炼结束之前的1min时,而是可以在吹炼结束之前的4.5min到0.5min期间变化。
其中,本申请中,所述的“吹炼结束之前的4.5min到0.5min”,举例说明,例如后期吹炼的时长T为6min,那后期吹炼的第1.5min至5.5min,即为所述的“吹炼结束之前的4.5min到0.5min”,后期吹炼的第2min时刻即为所述的“吹炼结束之前的4min时”。而可以理解的,各个吹炼(例如前期吹炼、后期吹炼)的时长可以按照本领域的已知方式确定(例如基于冶炼系统模型予以获得,又或者基于生产者予以设置)。
优选地,所述后期吹炼中,开始时的底吹氩气量1000~1200Nm3/h,在第一次调控吹氧枪枪位降低、顶吹氧气量升高的同时,将底吹氩气量升高至1300~1500Nm3/h并维持至所述后期吹炼结束(此时结束顶吹氧气)之后的1~2min,而后结束底吹氩气并倒渣出钢。
进一步地,本发明一实施方式还提供了一种高质量低温钢的生产方法,其可用于生产高纯净度的低温钢产品,例如低温钢钢坯或低温钢板材。
参图2,所述生产方法包括,
KR脱硫工序:在KR脱硫设备处理铁水,出站温度1320~1380℃,出站铁水的S含量≤0.0010%;
转炉冶炼工序:将脱硫后的铁水采用本发明一实施方式的所述转炉控磷冶炼方法进行钢水冶炼;也即,所述转炉冶炼工序如前文的所述转炉控磷冶炼方法,在此不再赘述;
精炼工序:将转炉冶炼所得钢水运至LF炉中进行精炼,包括依序的通电升温、合金化、造渣,出站温度1610~1630℃;而后,将LF炉出站钢水运至RH真空精炼炉进行真空处理,破空出钢;
连铸工序:钢水从RH真空精炼炉吊运至连铸平台静置,然后浇注,得到连铸坯。
如此,本发明一实施方式的所述生产方法,在KR脱硫-转炉冶炼-精炼-连铸的工艺路线基础上,采用所述转炉控磷冶炼方法,基于转炉所出低磷钢水来进行精炼和连铸,利于制备得到低磷的连铸坯,以实现高纯净度连铸坯的制备。
具体地,KR脱硫工序中,在KR脱硫设备处理铁水,例如将高炉铁水投入到KR脱硫设备中进行脱硫处理,经过脱硫处理,出站温度1320~1380℃,出站铁水的S含量≤0.0010%。
在此统一说明的是,本申请中的“含量”普遍指的是重量百分比,例如,所述的“出站铁水的S含量”指的是出站铁水中的S的重量百分比。
在一实施方式中,铁水到KR脱硫设备时的温度1380~1460℃、S含量≤0.040%、C含量4.2~4.6%、Si含量0.30~0.65%、P含量≤0.10%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质元素。当然,本申请中到KR脱硫设备时的铁水的温度和化学成分不限于此。
再者,KR脱硫工序中,脱硫结束之后,进行扒渣,使得铁水表面没有面积超过15cm2的脱硫渣团聚块、且KR脱硫设备中的铁水的裸露面积占比在97%以上。
KR脱硫工序所得脱硫后的铁水,投入到转炉中并按照所述转炉控磷冶炼方法进行冶炼,以得到转炉冶炼终钢并吊运至LF炉进行精炼。
其中,在转炉冶炼工序中,优选地,前文所述的“倒渣出钢,得到转炉冶炼终钢”中的出钢过程中,先后进行脱氧合金化和造渣,并且出钢过程中的钢包底吹流量400~600NL/min,出钢结束的钢包底吹流量提升为800~1000NL/min。
具体而言,出钢10~20%时按顺序加入金属铝、低钛低铝硅铁、金属锰对钢水进行脱氧合金化,至出钢60~70%时全部加完。其中,所述金属铝的化学成分以重量百分比计包括:Al≥99%,P≤0.010%,S≤0.015%,以及其它不可避免的杂质组分。所述低钛低铝硅铁的化学成分以重量百分比计包括:Si 75~79%,P≤0.015%,S≤0.006%,余量为Fe和不可避免的杂质。所述金属锰的化学成分以重量百分比计包括:Mn≥99%、P≤0.008%、S≤0.005%,以及其它不可避免的杂质。
在金属铝、低钛低铝硅铁、金属锰全部加完之后,向钢水中加入石灰和铝酸钙合成渣进行造渣,至出钢80~90%时全部加完。其中,所述铝酸钙合成渣的粒度10~50mm,铝酸钙合成渣的化学成分以重量百分比计包括:CaO 50~60%,Al2O3 35~45%,MgO 2~4%,SiO2≤3%,以及其它不可避免的杂质组分,其中物相12CaO·7Al2O3占所述铝酸钙合成渣的复合相的80%以上。如此,在实现高效脱磷的情况下,采用铝酸钙合成渣以低熔点的物相12CaO·7Al2O3为主要成分,还可以实现快速超强脱硫效果,大大降低钢水中的S含量。
接下来,在精炼工序中,将转炉所得的钢水进行精炼,包括在先的LF精炼和在后的RH真空精炼。关于LF精炼和RH真空精炼,本申请提供三种实施方式,下面分别进行介绍。
[第一种实施方式]
该实施方式中,在LF精炼中,钢水在LF炉中进行精炼,包括依序的通电升温阶段、合金化阶段、造渣阶段。具体地,钢水到达LF炉进站测温、取样,然后通电升温,以调节钢水温度(也即通电升温阶段);然后,根据进站取样所测得的化学成分,补加合金、碳粉,以进行合金化(也即合金化阶段);接下来,向钢水中加入造渣料进行造渣(也即造渣阶段)。
LF精炼的出钢温度1610~1630℃。
其中,在所述造渣阶段,采用电石和铝粒对炉渣进行脱氧,以将炉渣成分调整为以重量百分比计含50~55%的CaO、30~35%的Al2O3、3~6%的SiO2、4~7%的MgO、1.5%以下的T.Fe+MnO以及其它不可避免的杂质组分。
进一步地,在LF精炼中,钢水进站后钢包开启底吹氩气,在通电升温阶段、合金化阶段、造渣阶段的底吹氩气流量分别为400~500NL/min、300~400NL/min、500~600NL/min,其余阶段的底吹氩气流量分别为150~250NL/min。
在LF精炼中,当炉渣的化学成分、钢水温度符合目标后,将钢水运至RH真空精炼炉进行RH真空精炼。
在RH真空精炼中,即在RH真空精炼炉进行真空处理时,先在1.5mbar以下的真空度下持续处理15~20min,然后在5mbar以上的真空度下持续处理10~20min,最后破空出钢。
具体例如,参图3,所述RH真空精炼炉的真空室10的真空排气管路中依序设置的第一级蒸汽泵E1、第二级蒸汽泵E2、第三级蒸汽泵E3、第四级蒸汽泵E4、两级水循环泵W1&W2。
在钢水到站后3min内按顺序打开两级水循环泵W1&W2、第四级蒸汽泵E4、第三级蒸汽泵E3、第二级蒸汽泵E2、第一级蒸汽泵E1,并在钢水到站后4min内将真空度降至1.5mbar以下;且在钢水到站后3min内的提升气体流量为100~120Nm3/h,3min后的提升气体流量为230~250Nm3/h;在1.5mbar以下的真空度下持续处理15~20min后,关闭真空室的两级真空泵,在真空室上升到5mbar以上后,持续持续处理10~15min,期间提升气体流量为180~200Nm3/h;再破空出钢。
[第二种实施方式]
该实施方式中,在LF精炼中,钢水在LF炉中进行精炼,包括依序的通电升温阶段、合金化阶段、造渣阶段。具体地,钢水到达LF炉进站测温、取样,然后通电升温,以调节钢水温度(也即通电升温阶段);然后,根据进站取样所测得的化学成分,补加合金、碳粉,以进行合金化(也即合金化阶段);接下来,向钢水中加入造渣料进行造渣(也即造渣阶段)。
LF精炼的出钢温度1610~1630℃。
其中,在所述造渣阶段,采用0.15~0.35kg/t的电石、低碳钢渣面脱氧剂对炉渣进行脱氧,以将炉渣成分调整为以重量百分比计为50~55%的CaO、30~35%的Al2O3、3~6%的SiO2、4~7%的MgO、2~5%的T.Fe+MnO以及其它不可避免的杂质组分。其中T.Fe+MnO的含量进一步优选为3~5%。如此,相较于前文第一种实施方式,本实施方式通过电石和低碳钢渣面脱氧剂来调整炉渣的成分,尤其是从传统的低占比T.Fe+MnO提高到2~5%,经发明人研究发现,这样可以大大减小钢水吸N。
进一步地,在LF精炼中,钢水进站后钢包开启底吹氩气,在通电升温阶段、合金化阶段、造渣阶段的底吹氩气流量分别为400~500NL/min、300~400NL/min、500~600NL/min,其余阶段的底吹氩气流量分别为150~250NL/min。如此,通过中小底吹为主,避免钢水剧烈翻腾,再结合前面转炉冶炼工序中的弱脱氧技术和LF精炼工序中的炉渣成分设计,可以在降低吸N的基础上进一步降低吸N。
在LF精炼中,当炉渣的化学成分、钢水温度符合目标后,将钢水运至RH真空精炼炉进行RH真空精炼。
在RH真空精炼中,即在RH真空精炼炉进行真空处理时,先将真空度降低到1.5mbar以下,向钢水中加入金属铝,向钢包渣面加入2~4kg/t的低碳钢渣面脱氧剂,之后持续真空处理15~20min;然后在5mbar以上的真空度下持续处理10~20min,最后破空出钢。
具体地,例如,参图3,所述RH真空精炼炉的真空室10的真空排气管路中依序设置的第一级蒸汽泵E1、第二级蒸汽泵E2、第三级蒸汽泵E3、第四级蒸汽泵E4、两级水循环泵W1&W2。
在钢水到站后3min内按顺序打开两级水循环泵W1&W2、第四级蒸汽泵E4、第三级蒸汽泵E3、第二级蒸汽泵E2、第一级蒸汽泵E1,并在钢水到站后4min内将真空度降至1.5mbar以下;且在钢水到站后4min内的提升气体流量为100~120Nm3/h,4min后的提升气体流量为230~250Nm3/h;在真空度降至1.5mbar后向钢水中加入金属铝,向钢包渣面加入2~4kg/t的低碳钢渣面脱氧剂,之后持续真空处理15~20min;然后关闭真空室的两级真空泵,在真空室上升到5mbar以上后,降低提升气体流量为180~200Nm3/h;之后持续处理10~15min,再破空、出钢。
如此,一方面通过快速抽深真空,再一方面通过真空状态下向钢水中加入金属铝及向渣面加入低碳钢渣面脱氧剂同时脱氧,可以利用钢水C~O反应形成的微小气泡、深真空下大流量提升气体吹入的氩气泡以及深真空钢水界面反应等综合大幅脱气,降低钢水O、N含量,然后在真空条件下加入金属铝及低碳钢渣面脱氧剂,避免金属铝的氧化和合金化及造渣时吸气,另外,在LF精炼工序中的炉渣成分设计的情况下,该RH真空精炼工序的处理还可以避免因LF精炼工序中的炉渣成分设计所引起的氧化性高的问题。
本实施方式中,LF精炼和RH真空精炼中所用的所述低碳钢渣面脱氧剂的具体成分按重量百分数计CaO 25~35%、Al2O3 10~20%、CaF2 5~10%、金属铝45~55%,以及其他不可避免的组分。
[第三种实施方式]
该实施方式中,在LF精炼中,钢水在LF炉中进行精炼,包括依序的通电升温阶段、合金化阶段、造渣阶段。具体地,钢水到达LF炉进站测温、取样,然后通电升温,以调节钢水温度(也即通电升温阶段);然后,根据进站取样所测得的化学成分,补加合金、碳粉,以进行合金化(也即合金化阶段);接下来,向钢水中加入造渣料进行造渣(也即造渣阶段)。
LF精炼的出钢温度1610~1630℃。
优选地,在造渣阶段,向钢水中加0.3~0.5kg/t的电石、1.0~2.0kg/t的铝酸钙合成渣,以将炉渣成分调整为以质量百分比计含50~55%的CaO、30~35%的Al2O3、1~3%的CaF2、3%以内的SiO2、4~6%的MgO、1%以内的T.Fe+MnO以及其它不可避免的杂质组分。
其中,此工序中所述铝酸钙合成渣与前面转炉出钢时所提到的铝酸钙合成渣不同,为了便于清楚的表述,本申请中将该工序中的铝酸钙合成渣命名为第二铝酸钙合成渣。具体地,所述第二铝酸钙合成渣的组分按质量百分数计包括40~45%的CaO、10~15%的Al2O3、5~10%的CaF2、3%以内的SiO2、2~5%的MgO、5~10%的CaC2、15~20%的单质铝,且其中物相12CaO·7Al2O3的质量百分数超30%,其余为CaO、CaF2、SiO2、MgO的单相或复合相。
这样,LF精炼工序采用大渣量、强脱氧合成渣进行快速脱氧和成渣,可以降低钢水总氧含量,减少吸附夹杂物,改善钢水的纯净度。
进一步地,在LF精炼的过程中,全程底吹氩气,通电升温期间底吹氩气的流量为400~500NL/min,合金化期间底吹氩气的流量为300~400NL/min,造渣期间底吹氩气的流量为500~600NL/min,其余时间底吹氩气的流量为150~250NL/min。
在LF精炼中,当炉渣的化学成分、钢水温度符合目标后,将钢水运至RH真空精炼炉进行RH真空精炼。
在RH真空精炼中,即在RH真空精炼炉进行真空处理时,先在200mbar以上真空度下处理3~5min,再在1.5mbar以下的真空度下持续处理10~15min,然后在50mbar以上的真空度下持续处理5min以上,最后破空出钢。
具体地,参图3所示,所述RH真空精炼炉的真空室10的真空排气管路中依序设置第一级蒸汽泵E1、第二级蒸汽泵E2、第三级蒸汽泵E3、第四级蒸汽泵E4、两级水循环泵W1&W2。
在钢水运至RH真空精炼炉后,1min内打开两级水循环泵W1&W2,将真空度维持在200mbar以上,并将提升气体流量维持在80~100Nm3/h,处理3~5min;之后,按顺序打开第四级蒸汽泵E4、第三级蒸汽泵E3、第二级蒸汽泵E2、第一级蒸汽泵E1,并将提升气体流量提高到150~200Nm3/h,在真空度降至1.5mbar以下之后,持续处理10~15min;然后关闭第三级蒸汽泵E3、第二级蒸汽泵E2、第一级蒸汽泵E1,将真空度调整到50mbar以上,之后处理5min以上,这期间提升气体流量维持不变,也即保持150~200Nm3/h,最后破空、出钢。
如此,先采用高压力(具体例如在200mbar以上)、低提升气体流量(具体例如提升气体流量维持在80~100Nm3/h),再采用深真空(具体例如1.5mbar以下)、高提升气体流量(具体例如提升气体流量为150~200Nm3/h),最后再用较高压力(具体例如50mbar以上)继续处理,这样的方式,使得先控制低循环量来处理钢水,促进夹杂物上浮的同时,减少对耐材的侵蚀,再采用深真空高循环量来处理钢水,从而快速以及更强的去除夹杂物(也即除氧),最后再降低循环量,从而减少耐材侵蚀所引入的夹杂物的同时,大量带走夹杂物,综上来控制总氧含量,提高钢水的纯净度,进而保证最终低温钢的低温性能。
其中,参图3,所述的提升气体可通过提气管11通入,该提气管11连通于真空室10下方的上升管32中。更具体地,真空室10下方设置供钢水循环流动的两个管路,其中之一连通提气管11而作为钢水由钢包向上进入真空室的通道,命名为上升管32,其中另一则作为钢水由真空室向下返回钢包的通道,命名为下降管31。
进一步地,一实施方式中,参图4,在真空度降至500mbar之后,从靠近真空室10下方的下降管31的区域S1处喂入钙线1.0~1.5m/t且喂线速度4~6m/s。如此,通过向钢水中喂入钙线,利用Ca来进行进一步脱氧,并且改善夹杂物的成分,从而进一步提升钢水的纯净度。
而作为一种更优选的变化实施方式,参图4,在真空度降至1.5mbar以下之后,持续处理10~15min期间,在与真空室10下方的下降管31相比更靠近上升管32的区域S2处向钢水中喂入钙线0.5~1.0m/t且喂线速度1~1.5m/s。此处,可以理解的,区域S2中的任意一个位置点,与上升管32的最小距离小于与下降管31的最小距离。如此,在临近上升管32的区域S2喂钙线的实施方式,结合低喂线速度+薄铁皮,使得Ca能够喂入钢水的中上部并快速地和钢水中的O元素接触来形成夹杂物,这一大部分Ca元素快速地从上升管32随钢水抽入真空室10内部,从而实现快速脱氧,而剩余的少部分Ca元素则可以溶入钢包20的钢水中,参与钢水脱氧循环,经发明人研究意外地发现,这种方式的脱氧效果超出在临近下降管31的区域S1喂入钙线的方式,例如可以比在区域S1喂入钙线的方式将T.O含量进一步降低2~5ppm。
其中,所述钙线的内部为Ca含量在95%以上的钝化金属钙粉,外层为外径8~10mm、厚度1~2mm的铁皮。
其中,所述钙线的铁皮的化学成分以质量百分比计包括:Al:0.005~0.035%、Si:0.2~0.4%、Mn:0.3~0.5%、P≤0.001%、S≤0.003%,其余为Fe和不可避免的杂质。
此处,区域S1和区域S2的分割面M,以其中各个位置与上升管32的最小距离、与下降管31的最小距离的大小关系而定。例如,区域S1中的任意一个位置点,与上升管32的最小距离大于与下降管31的最小距离;区域S2中的任意一个位置点,与上升管32的最小距离小于与下降管31的最小距离;分割面M上的任意一个位置点,与上升管32的最小距离等于与下降管31的最小距离。而换个角度讲,分割面M为上升管32和下降管31的对称面(或称镜像面)。
进一步地,参图4,在钢包20中定义一拟合面T,该拟合面T过上升管32的中心O并平行于镜像面M,区域S2进一步优选为处于拟合面T和镜像面M之间的区域S21,例如图4中斜线所标记的部分,也就是说,在拟合面T和镜像面M之间喂入钙线。如此,可以进一步提升脱氧效果。
接下来,在连铸工序中,钢水从RH真空精炼炉吊运至连铸平台静置,然后浇注,得到连铸坯。
具体地,钢水从RH真空精炼炉吊运至连铸平台静置10~20min,然后开始浇注。当然,静置时长不限于此。
在具体实施中,可以采用板坯连铸机进行浇注,得到厚度220mm或320mm、宽度1500~2300mm的坯料。具体地,例如,可以将盛有钢水的多炉钢包依次注入中间包,再将中间包内的钢水注入板坯连铸机的结晶器,然后从结晶器中拉出,得到坯料。所得坯料的厚度220mm、宽度1500~2300mm,或者厚度320mm、宽度1500~2300mm。
一优选实施方式中,中间包钢水的过热度30~50℃,结晶器采用熔点为1100~1200℃的低熔点碱性保护渣,拉速v为1.05~1.35m/min,结晶器的锥度1.05~1.2%,如此,在拉速v和结晶器锥度的控制基础上,结合高过热度和低熔点碱性保护渣,保护渣的熔化速率度,对坯料的皮壳具有优异的保护和润滑作用,导热效果得到保障,提升坯料的冷却均匀性。
所述低熔点碱性保护渣的Na2O和K2O的质量百分数合计为8~10%,且Na2O占Na2O和K2O之和的50~80%。如此,所述低熔点碱性保护渣中的碱性氧化物(例如Na2O和K2O)的含量高,能够对坯料的皮壳进行保护,起到润滑作用,导热效果也可以得到保障,进一步提升了冷却均匀性。
在一具体实例中,所述低熔点碱性保护渣的碱度(即CaO/SiO2)为1.2~1.6,除了CaO、SiO2、Na2O和K2O之外,其化学成分以质量百分数计还包括:Al2O3:2~5%、MgO:1~3%、Fe2O3:0.6~1.5%、F:8~10%、C:4~6%、H2O≤0.2%。除上述成分之外,所述低熔点碱性保护渣的剩余成分为不可避免的杂质。
所述低熔点碱性保护渣的粒度1~3mm的质量占比96%以上,而粒度不到1mm的和超过3mm的质量占比不到4%。这样的粒度,可以保证所述低熔点碱性保护渣在结晶器内的融化速率,从而提升其保护效果。
一实施方式中,结晶器的低熔点碱性保护渣的消耗量为0.4~0.55kg/t,也即按照每吨钢水添加0.4~0.55kg所述低熔点碱性保护渣的配比,来向结晶器中添加所述低熔点碱性保护渣。
所述坯料出结晶器之后在二冷区进行冷却,所述二冷区按照水量不同分10个区段。
其中,第1区段的水量是结晶器的水量的1/10以下,第2~4区段的水量大于第1区段的水量且依次递减,第5区段的水量小于第1区段的水量,第6区段的内弧水量小于外弧水量,第7~10区段的内外弧边部水量小于内外弧中部水量;坯料在第8~10区段进行压下且三个区段各分配25%、25%和50%的压下量,厚度220mm和320mm的坯料的压下量分别为3~5mm和6~8mm;坯料离开全部扇形段之后进行切割和堆垛缓冷,得到连铸坯。
如此,一方面,钢水在结晶器中的冷却强度大(水量大),出结晶器之后在第1区段大幅度降低冷却强度(水量突降9/10以上),使得坯料的皮壳适当回温,而第2~4区段的水量又再次增大,从而防止回温时皮壳减薄而造成漏钢;同时,第2~4区段的水量依次递减,也即第2区段的水量>第3区段的水量>第4区段的水量,这样在保证避免漏钢的同时,还可以避免疲劳过冷而引起坯料在矫直、切割和堆放时出现内部裂纹;再者,从第6区段开始,对内弧和外弧的水量、边部和中部的水量进行精准调节,从而保证坯料冷却的均匀性,并防止因边部/角部过冷而产生裂纹。
在一优选实施方式中,还可以根据拉速v的变化调整结晶器的锥度。例如,当拉速v在1.20m/min以下时,结晶器的锥度1.1~1.2%;否则,结晶器的锥度1.05~1.15%。如此,能够降低坯料在冷却过程中收缩而导致的冷却不均匀。
再者,还可以根据拉速v的变化调整结晶器的水量以及第1至5区段的水量。
例如,拉速v在1.05~1.20m/min范围内时,结晶器的宽侧水量3600~3900NL/min、窄侧水量390~420NL/min;拉速v大于1.20m/min且小于等于1.35m/min时,结晶器的宽侧水量3900~4100NL/min、窄侧水量420~450NL/min。如此,一方面,使得结晶器采用大的冷却强度,同时还根据拉速v来调整结晶器的水量不同,降低坯料在冷却过程中收缩而导致的冷却不均匀。
再例如,第1至5区段的内外弧具有对应拉速v=1.05m/min的标准水量,也就是当拉速v为1.05m/min时第1至5区段的内外弧分别具有各自的标准水量。第1至5区段的内外弧的对应拉速v=1.05m/min的标准水量分别为250~290NL/min、575±25NL/min、525±25NL/min、475±25NL/min、175±25NL/min。
第1至5区段的内外弧还具有对应于拉速v>1.05m/min的增强水量,也就是当拉速v>1.05m/min时第1至5区段的内外弧分别具有各自的增强水量,增强水量为标准水量与增量水量ΔT=T×floor((v-1.05m/min)/0.05m/min)之和,T取值5~10NL/min。
其中,floor表示向下取整函数,也即对(v-1.05m/min)/0.05m/min进行向下取整,例如拉速v在前文所述的范围1.05~1.35m/min中取值1.14m/min时,将v=1.14m/min带入floor((v-1.05m/min)/0.05m/min),得到floor(1.8)=1;再例如拉速v在前文所述的范围1.05~1.35m/min中取值1.31m/min时,将v=1.31m/min带入floor((v-1.05m/min)/0.05m/min),得到floor(5.2)=5。
这样,按照所述标准水量、所述增量水量的方式对第1至5区段的内外弧水量进行控制,能够使得坯料的皮壳适当回温,并且在保证避免漏钢的同时,进一步避免疲劳过冷而引起坯料在矫直、切割和堆放时出现内部裂纹。
具体的实施例中,第6区段的内弧水量100~120NL/min、外弧水量150~170NL/min;第7和8区段的内弧中部水量分别为50~60NL/min和70~80NL/min、内弧边部水量分别为40~50NL/min和60~70NL/min、外弧中部水量分别为90~100NL/min和150~160NL/min、外弧边部水量分别为80~90NL/min和140~150NL/min;第9和10区段的内外弧中部水量均为50~60NL/min、内外弧边部水量均为40~50NL/min。如此,对于第6至10区段,对内弧和外弧的水量、边部和中部的水量进行精准调节,从而保证坯料冷却的均匀性,并防止因边部/角部过冷而产生裂纹。
再者,第1区段的窄侧水量40~60NL/min。
进一步地,一实施方式中,所述中间包采用高碱度覆盖剂,也即向中间包内的钢水上添加高碱度覆盖剂。所述高碱度覆盖剂的熔点1300~1450℃、碱度(即CaO/SiO2)≥15。如此,通过采用高碱度、低熔点的覆盖剂,底层与钢液接触层处于熔融状态,从而能够吸附钢水中的氧化铝、硅酸盐类夹杂物,提高钢水的洁净度。
一具体实例中,除了CaO、SiO2之外,所述高碱度覆盖剂的化学成分以质量百分数计还包括:Al2O3:33~36%、MgO:4~6%、Fe2O3:1~2%、C≤1%、H2O≤0.2%。除上述成分之外,所述高碱度覆盖剂的剩余成分为不可避免的杂质。
在一实施方式中,在浇注过程中,第一炉钢包的钢水浇注至中间包,且中间包的钢水向结晶器中开浇之前,向中间包中加入所述高碱度覆盖剂400~450kg;之后,从第二炉钢包的钢水向中间包中浇注开始,针对每一炉钢包的钢水(即第二炉钢包之后的每一炉钢包),向中间包中加入所述高碱度覆盖剂5~10kg和石灰粉颗粒5~10kg。这样,可以保证高碱度覆盖剂对钢水的保护和净化作用。
所述石灰粉颗粒的粒度1~3mm的质量占比90%以上,CaO的质量占比95%以上。
在一实施方式中,在浇注过程中,向结晶器中开浇时中间包内的钢水总重50±2吨,稳定浇注期间中间包内的钢水总重55~60吨,钢包换包时中间包内的钢水总重50±2吨。如此,这样控制中间包内的钢水的方式,可以获得稳定的流场,避免钢水搅动卷渣,还可以促进所述高碱度覆盖剂吸附钢水中的氧化铝、硅酸盐类夹杂物,进一步提高钢水的洁净度。
在浇注过程中,进行全程保护浇注,长水口吹氩流量为150~250NL/min,塞棒及浸入式水口吹氩流量为3~5NL/min,开浇前中间包吹氩5min以上。
全部扇形段分为依次的弧形区、矫直区和水平区,在一实施方式中,坯料在矫直区的表面温度≥950℃,离开全部扇形段时的温度≥750℃,在切割完成之后的表面温度≥650℃。
在一优选地实施方式中,所述板坯连铸机具有二冷电磁搅拌设备,在浇注过程中,所述二冷电磁搅拌设备的功率6~8Hz、电流200~400A。如此,通过电磁搅拌,可以进一步控制连铸坯的内部质量和偏析问题,进而提升最终所得连铸坯的质量。
在一实施方式中,坯料在堆垛缓冷时,在四周具有围挡的位置进行堆垛缓冷,缓冷至200℃以下拆垛,制备得到连铸坯。
进一步地,所述连铸坯的化学成分以重量百分比计包括:C:0.03~0.10%、Si:0.15~0.35%、Mn:0.5~1.6%、Ni:0.4~10.0%、Al:0.015~0.055%、Cu≤0.015%、Mo≤0.50%、Cr≤0.70%、Nb≤0.035%,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
在低温钢中,该化学成分中各个元素的作用如下。
C:是钢的强化元素,也是奥氏体稳定元素,逆转奥氏体富集C后会显著降低Ms点,提高其稳定性。但C含量过高会导致韧-脆转变温度升高,对HAZ低温韧性有害。因此,在保证强度的前提下,C应该越低越好。
Si:在炼钢过程中是脱氧元素,对降低镍系钢中有害元素O含量非常重要。同时Si可以提高强度。Si除了和Mn按一定比例存在于钢中可抑制Mn偏聚外,Si还可以抑制P在晶界偏聚。Si含量过高则不利于焊接性能,降低Si含量可使母材及焊接热影响区(HAZ)低温韧性得到改善。
Mn:是奥氏体稳定元素,富集于奥氏体中有利于逆转奥氏体的稳定。Mn也是基体强化元素,可以通过固溶强化和沉淀强化(形成细小MnS颗粒)来提高强度。Mn对淬透性也有强烈影响,显著提高材料的淬透性。Mn含量过低则强度达不到要求,过高则容易形成大尺寸的MnS夹杂物恶化韧性,最优选择为0.6wt%。Mn、Si以一定比例存在于钢中,还有利于抑制Si偏聚。
Al:用作炼钢时的脱氧定氮剂,细化晶粒,抑制低碳钢的时效,改善钢在低温时的韧性,特别是降低了钢的脆性转变温度,提高钢的抗氧化性能。
Ni:镍能提高钢的强度,而又保持良好的塑性和韧性。镍对酸碱有较高的耐腐蚀能力,在高温下有防锈和耐热能力。
Nb:可提高钢的强度,Nb元素能够与C形成高硬度的碳化物,增强钢的强度和硬度,提高钢的耐磨性和抗拉强度。Nb元素能够稳定碳化物的形成,限制了晶界处的腐蚀和氢致开裂现象,提高了钢的抗腐蚀能力和耐候性。
Cu:铜能提高强度和韧性,特别是大气腐蚀性能。缺点是在热加工时容易产生热脆,铜含量超过0.5%塑性显著降低。当铜含量小于0.50%对焊接性无影响。
Mo:钼能使钢的晶粒细化,提高淬透性和热强性能,在高温时保持足够的强度和抗蠕变能力(长期在高温下受到应力,发生变形,称蠕变)。结构钢中加入钼,能提高机械性能。还可以抑制合金钢由于火而引起的脆性。在工具钢中可提高红性。
Cr:在结构钢和工具钢中,铬能显著提高强度、硬度和耐磨性,但同时降低塑性和韧性。铬又能提高钢的抗氧化性和耐腐蚀性,因而是不锈钢,耐热钢的重要合金元素。
其中,Cu是杂质元素而非合金添加元素,Mo和Cr和Nb在一些具体实施例中可以是杂质元素而非合金添加元素,而在另一些实施例中可以是合金添加元素。例如,在Mo和Cr和Nb作为杂质元素的一实施例中,所述连铸坯的化学成分以质量百分数计为:C:0.03~0.10%、Si:0.15~0.35%、Mn:0.5~0.9%、Ni:0.4~10.0%、Al:0.015~0.055%、Cu≤0.015%、Mo≤0.010%、Cr≤0.015%、Nb≤0.006%、T.O≤10ppm、P≤0.005%、S≤0.002%、N≤0.002%、H≤1.5ppm,其余为铁和不可避免的杂质。
而如前所述,所述连铸坯的化学成分除了C、Si、Mn、Ni、Al、Cu、Mo、Cr、Nb之外,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。其中,这些杂质例如包括T.O、P、S、N、H。在本发明一实施方式中,基于所述生产方法,所述连铸坯的化学成分以重量百分比计包括:T.O≤10ppm、P≤0.0045%、S≤0.0015%、N≤0.0025%、H≤1.5ppm,杂质元素含量低,所述连铸坯为高纯净度的低温钢连铸坯。甚至于,所述连铸坯的T.O≤7ppm、≤6ppm、≤5ppm、≤4ppm或者≤3ppm;所述连铸坯的P≤0.004%、≤0.0035%、≤0.003%、≤0.0025%、≤0.002%或者≤0.0015%;所述连铸坯的S≤0.0014%、≤0.0013%、≤0.0010%、≤0.0009%、≤0.0008%或者≤0.0005%;所述连铸坯的N≤0.0025%、≤0.0022%、≤0.0020%、≤0.0018%、≤0.0016%或者≤0.0015%;所述连铸坯的H≤1.3ppm、≤1.2ppm、≤1.0ppm、≤0.8ppm或者≤0.6ppm。
在低温钢中,这些杂质元素的影响如下。
P、S:容易在晶界偏聚,与铁形成Fe3P,使Fe原子与周围Fe原子结合力变弱,降低晶界抗裂纹扩展能力,恶化低温韧性。因此S、P都是对低温韧性有害的元素,S易与金属元素Mn形成析出物MnS,降低低温韧性。
O/N:O、N与Al容易形成高熔点析出物Al2O3和AlN。而且析出物直径较大,能达到几微米,在析出物附近容易造成应力集中而成为裂纹源,严重影响基体的低温韧性,应尽量减少这几种元素含量。氧和氢一样,都会对钢的机械性能产生不良影响。不仅是氧的浓度,而且含氧的夹杂物的多少、类型及其分布等也有很重要的影响。
H:当钢中氢含量大于2ppm时,氢在所谓“鳞片剥落”现象中起重要作用。在滚轧和锻造后的冷却过程中出现内裂和断裂现象时,这种剥落现象一般更加明显,而且在大的断面或者高碳钢中更经常发现这种现象。
另外,所得连铸坯的90%以上的氧化物夹杂物中Al2O3含量≥85%,96%以上氧化物夹杂物尺寸≤5μm,最大尺寸氧化物夹杂物不超过25μm。
其中,关于氧化物夹杂物的成分分析手段和尺寸分析手段,在本领域中是常规技术。例如,采用扫描电镜进行夹杂物自动统计分析,在连铸坯的宽度方向1/4位置处,自内弧到外弧的厚度方向均匀取5块长20mm×宽20mm×厚度15mm的样品,每块样品采用扫描电镜进行扫描并统计10mm×10mm面积内的氧化物夹杂物,在扫描过程中,电镜能谱分析会给出每个元素含量,折算成氧化铝,即可得出每个氧化物夹杂物中的Al2O3含量;同时,电镜还可以自动统计出每个氧化物夹杂物的尺寸。
所得连铸坯的中心碳偏析1.5级以下,甚至于1级以下、0.5级以下;连铸坯的表面裂纹≤1.5mm,甚至于≤1.3mm、≤1.2mm、≤1.0mm、≤0.9mm或者≤0.8mm;所得连铸坯的宽度偏差在5mm以内、厚度偏差2mm以内。
进一步地,复参图2,本发明一实施方式中,所述生产方法还包括,
加热工序:将连铸坯送入加热炉进行加热,预热段最高温度为750~850℃,加热段最高温度为1100~1200℃,均热段最高温度为1150~1200℃,预热段升温速度20~30℃/min,加热段升温速度30~50℃/min;
热轧工序:离开加热炉之后,将所述连铸坯热轧成厚度h为5~60mm的热轧板材,开轧温度为1030~1130℃,终轧温度为800~850℃,每道次的轧制量为10~15%;
将热轧板材自然空冷至200℃以下,而后进行二次淬火和回火热处理,之后自然冷却至室温,得到板材成品;其中,第一次淬火的温度为800~900℃,第二次淬火的温度为700~800℃;若h≤20mm,则回火温度600~620℃;若h≥40mm,则回火温度560~580℃;若20mm<h<40mm,则回火温度>580℃且<600℃。
如此,所述生产方法可以用于制备力学性能优异、低温性能优异、表面质量优异的低温钢板材。
具体地,所得板材成品的Z向断面收缩率≥70%、-80℃、-95℃、-125℃、-196℃低温冲击功单值均≥185J。甚至于,Z向断面收缩率≥75%、≥80%、≥85%甚至≥90%;-80℃、-95℃、-125℃、-196℃低温冲击功单值可以达到215J以上,250J以上,甚至于320J以上。其中,本申请中,可以按照GB/T 228.1-2010《金属材料拉伸试验-第1部分:室温试验方法》在液压式万能材料试验机上,对所得板材成品进行室温拉伸性能试验,按照GB/T 229-2020《金属材料夏比摆锤冲击试验方法》在冲击试验机上,对所得板材成品进行低温冲击试验,以获取产品的室温拉伸性能和低温冲击性能。
具体地,加热工序中,连铸坯冷却至室温之后且在进入加热炉之前,可以进行表面修磨,而后在修磨后的表面上喷涂厚度0.8~1.5mm的高温抗氧化涂料,再将连铸坯送入加热炉。
在加热工序中,通过控制升温速率低,避免坯料内外部热量不均引起的内裂纹等问题;并且,均热段保温时间65~85min,均热段采用高温、长时间保温的方式,确保坯料受热均匀,进而避免后续热轧中造成表面裂纹。
再者,对于厚度220mm的连铸坯,加热工序中,连铸坯在炉总时间优选控制在150~180min;而对于厚度320mm的连铸坯,加热工序中,连铸坯在炉总时间优选控制在200~230min。
接下来,热处理工序中,包括前期的二次淬火阶段和后期的回火热处理阶段。其中,在二次淬火阶段中,第一次淬火的温度为800~900℃,第二次淬火的温度为700~800℃,在此基础上,可以根据钢材中的Ni含量对第一次淬火的温度和第二次淬火的温度进行微调。例如,Ni含量3~4%时,第一次淬火温度820±20℃,第二次淬火温度720±20℃;Ni含量8~10%时,第一次淬火温度880±20℃第二次淬火温度780±20℃。
再优选地,第一次淬火的在炉时长为(2.0~2.2)min/mm×h+(5~10)min,第二淬火的在炉时长为(2.1~2.3)min/mm×h+(5~10)min,回火的在炉时长为(2.5~2.8)min/mm×h+(5~10)min,其中h为热轧板材的厚度。
以上对本发明一实施方式的生产方法进行了详细介绍,下面分别介绍采用本发明所述生产方法进行实施以制备板材成品的几个实施例,这些实施例中,除了下面所提到的参数,一些其它重要参数如前文所述,未加以赘述。
第一组实施例
整体上而言,该组实施例按照KR脱硫-转炉冶炼-LF精炼-RH真空精炼-连铸的过程制备连铸坯,且LF精炼-RH真空精炼的过程采用前文所述的第一种实施方式予以实施。具体来讲过程如下。
将高炉铁水投入到KR脱硫设备中进行脱硫处理,脱硫结束之后进行扒渣,出站铁水的S含量≤0.0010%。
将脱硫后的铁水投入转炉中进行转炉冶炼,具体过程如前文一实施方式所述的转炉控磷冶炼方法以及/或者所述的生产方法所提,其中部分重要过程包括:
在单座转炉中加入脱硫后的铁水和第一批废钢进行初步吹炼,所造炉渣碱度和T.Fe含量如表1所示,吹炼的第1min的吹氧枪枪位1.8~2.0m、顶吹氧气量28000~30000Nm3/h,第2min至吹炼结束的期间,两次同时控制吹氧枪枪位升高和顶吹氧气量降低,吹炼全程底吹氩气且控制钢水温度在1380~1420℃,吹炼结束后底吹氩气继续1~3min,然后挡渣出钢,终点钢水温度1360~1400℃、C含量3.3~3.8%、P含量≤0.018%,得到半钢钢水;
在所述转炉清理钢渣和余钢之后,将所述半钢钢水、镍板和第二批废钢加入所述转炉中进行吹炼,吹炼全程分为持续3~4min的前期吹炼和后期吹炼,前期吹炼期间,在吹炼开始时先加入石灰、轻烧白云石,吹炼1min后分3-5个批次加入球团,以维持炉渣中最低T.Fe含量如表1所示,前期吹炼结束后持续底吹氩气1~2min,而后部分倒渣,进入后期吹炼,后期吹炼所造炉渣的碱度如表1所示,后期吹炼的终点钢水温度、P含量、C含量如表1所示,倒渣出钢。
[表1]
所述转炉钢水运至LF炉进行精炼,包括依序的通电升温阶段、合金化阶段、造渣阶段,出钢温度如表2所示。其中,在所述造渣阶段,采用电石和铝粒调整炉渣成分,具体的炉渣成分如表2所示。
[表2]
而后,LF炉精炼所得钢水运至RH真空精炼炉进行RH真空精炼,先在1.5mbar以下的真空度下持续处理15~20min,然后在5mbar以上的真空度下持续处理10~20min,最后破空出钢,具体操作过程如前面第一种实施方式所述。
钢水从RH真空精炼炉吊运至连铸平台静置,然后开始浇注,得到厚度220mm或320mm的连铸坯。所得连铸坯的化学成分如表3所示,除表中所列元素之外,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
[表3]
[表3续]
另外,经检测,连铸坯中,约M%的氧化物夹杂物中Al2O3含量≥80%,约N%的氧化物夹杂物尺寸≤5μm,其中的M、N分别如表4所示;再者,氧化物夹杂物的最大尺寸、中心碳偏析等级、表面最大裂纹、宽度偏差、厚度偏差也分别如表4所示。
[表4]
接下来,该组实施例的各个连铸坯冷却至室温之后,进行表面修磨,而后在修磨后的表面上喷涂厚度0.8~1.5mm的高温抗氧化涂料,再将连铸坯送入加热炉进行加热,预热段升温速度20~30℃/min,加热段升温速度30~50℃/min;连铸坯离开加热炉之后,热轧成板材。其中,在加热炉中的预热温度、加热温度、均热温度、热轧所得板材的厚度、开轧温度和终轧温度,分别如表5所示。
[表5]
对热轧所得板材自然空冷至200℃以下后,进行二次淬火和回火热处理,冷却至室温之后,得到板材成品。其中,第一次淬火的温度和在炉时长、第二次淬火的温度和在炉时长、回火温度和在炉时长,分别如表6所示。
[表6]
对所述板材成品进行取样以及性能检测,具体按照GB/T 228.1-2010《金属材料拉伸试验-第1部分:室温试验方法》在液压式万能材料试验机上,对板材成品进行室温拉伸性能试验,以及按照GB/T 229-2020《金属材料夏比摆锤冲击试验方法》在冲击试验机上,对所述板材成品进行低温冲击试验,结果如下表7所示。
[表7]
从表7中可以看出,所述板材成品的室温力学性能和低温力学性能均十分优异,-80℃、-95℃、-125℃和-196℃的低温冲击功单值均≥185J。另外,各个实施例的板材成品的Z向断面收缩率≥70%。
第二组实施例
整体上而言,该组实施例按照KR脱硫-转炉冶炼-LF精炼-RH真空精炼-连铸的过程制备连铸坯,且LF精炼-RH真空精炼的过程采用前文所述的第二种实施方式予以实施。具体来讲过程如下。
将高炉铁水投入到KR脱硫设备中进行脱硫处理,脱硫结束之后进行扒渣,出站铁水的S含量≤0.0010%。
将脱硫后的铁水投入转炉中进行转炉冶炼,具体过程如前文一实施方式所述的转炉控磷冶炼方法以及/或者所述的生产方法所提,其中部分重要过程包括:
在单座转炉中加入脱硫后的铁水和第一批废钢进行初步吹炼,所造炉渣碱度和T.Fe含量如表8所示,吹炼的第1min的吹氧枪枪位1.8~2.0m、顶吹氧气量28000~30000Nm3/h,第2min至吹炼结束的期间,两次同时控制吹氧枪枪位升高和顶吹氧气量降低,吹炼全程底吹氩气且控制钢水温度在1380~1420℃,吹炼结束后底吹氩气继续1~3min,然后挡渣出钢,终点钢水温度1360~1400℃、C含量3.3~3.8%、P含量≤0.018%,得到半钢钢水;
在所述转炉清理钢渣和余钢之后,将所述半钢钢水、镍板和第二批废钢加入所述转炉中进行吹炼,吹炼全程分为持续3~4min的前期吹炼和后期吹炼,前期吹炼期间,在吹炼开始时先加入石灰、轻烧白云石,吹炼1min后分3-5个批次加入球团,以维持炉渣中最低T.Fe含量如表8所示,前期吹炼结束后持续底吹氩气1~2min,而后部分倒渣,进入后期吹炼,后期吹炼所造炉渣的碱度如表1所示,后期吹炼的终点钢水温度、P含量、C含量如表8所示,倒渣出钢。
[表8]
所述转炉钢水运至LF炉进行精炼,包括依序的通电升温阶段、合金化阶段、造渣阶段,出钢温度如表9所示。其中,在所述造渣阶段,采用电石和铝粒调整炉渣成分,具体的炉渣成分如表9所示。
[表9]
而后,LF炉精炼所得钢水运至RH真空精炼炉进行RH真空精炼,先将真空度降低到1.5mbar以下,向钢水中加入金属铝,向钢包渣面加入2~4kg/t的低碳钢渣面脱氧剂,之后持续真空处理15~20min;然后在5mbar以上的真空度下持续处理10~20min,最后破空出钢,具体操作过程如前面第二种实施方式所述。
钢水从RH真空精炼炉吊运至连铸平台静置,然后开始浇注,得到厚度220mm或320mm的连铸坯。所得连铸坯的化学成分如表10所示,除表中所列元素之外,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
[表10]
[表10续]
另外,经检测,连铸坯中,约M%的氧化物夹杂物中Al2O3含量≥80%,约N%的氧化物夹杂物尺寸≤5μm,其中的M、N分别如表11所示;再者,氧化物夹杂物的最大尺寸、中心碳偏析等级、表面最大裂纹、宽度偏差、厚度偏差也分别如表11所示。
[表11]
接下来,该组实施例的各个连铸坯冷却至室温之后,进行表面修磨,而后在修磨后的表面上喷涂厚度0.8~1.5mm的高温抗氧化涂料,再将连铸坯送入加热炉进行加热,预热段升温速度20~30℃/min,加热段升温速度30~50℃/min;连铸坯离开加热炉之后,热轧成板材。其中,在加热炉中的预热温度、加热温度、均热温度、热轧所得板材的厚度、开轧温度和终轧温度,分别如表12所示。
[表12]
对热轧所得板材自然空冷至200℃以下后,进行二次淬火和回火热处理,冷却至室温之后,得到板材成品。其中,第一次淬火的温度和在炉时长、第二次淬火的温度和在炉时长、回火温度和在炉时长,分别如表13所示。
[表13]
对所述板材成品进行取样以及性能检测,具体按照GB/T 228.1-2010《金属材料拉伸试验-第1部分:室温试验方法》在液压式万能材料试验机上,对板材成品进行室温拉伸性能试验,以及按照GB/T 229-2020《金属材料夏比摆锤冲击试验方法》在冲击试验机上,对所述板材成品进行低温冲击试验,结果如下表14所示。
[表14]
从表14中可以看出,所述板材成品的室温力学性能和低温力学性能均十分优异,-80℃、-95℃、-125℃和-196℃的低温冲击功单值均≥185J。另外,各个实施例的板材成品的Z向断面收缩率≥70%。
第三组实施例
整体上而言,该组实施例按照KR脱硫-转炉冶炼-LF精炼-RH真空精炼-连铸的过程制备连铸坯,且LF精炼-RH真空精炼的过程采用前文所述的第三种实施方式予以实施。具体来讲过程如下。
将高炉铁水投入到KR脱硫设备中进行脱硫处理,脱硫结束之后进行扒渣,出站铁水的S含量≤0.0010%。
将脱硫后的铁水投入转炉中进行转炉冶炼,具体过程如前文一实施方式所述的转炉控磷冶炼方法以及/或者所述的生产方法所提,其中部分重要过程包括:
在单座转炉中加入脱硫后的铁水和第一批废钢进行初步吹炼,所造炉渣碱度和T.Fe含量如表15所示,吹炼的第1min的吹氧枪枪位1.8~2.0m、顶吹氧气量28000~30000Nm3/h,第2min至吹炼结束的期间,两次同时控制吹氧枪枪位升高和顶吹氧气量降低,吹炼全程底吹氩气且控制钢水温度在1380~1420℃,吹炼结束后底吹氩气继续1~3min,然后挡渣出钢,终点钢水温度1360~1400℃、C含量3.3~3.8%、P含量≤0.018%,得到半钢钢水;
在所述转炉清理钢渣和余钢之后,将所述半钢钢水、镍板和第二批废钢加入所述转炉中进行吹炼,吹炼全程分为持续3~4min的前期吹炼和后期吹炼,前期吹炼期间,在吹炼开始时先加入石灰、轻烧白云石,吹炼1min后分3-5个批次加入球团,以维持炉渣中最低T.Fe含量如表15所示,前期吹炼结束后持续底吹氩气1~2min,而后部分倒渣,进入后期吹炼,后期吹炼所造炉渣的碱度如表1所示,后期吹炼的终点钢水温度、P含量、C含量如表15所示,倒渣出钢。
[表15]
所述转炉钢水运至LF炉进行精炼,包括依序的通电升温阶段、合金化阶段、造渣阶段,出钢温度如表16所示。其中,其中,在所述造渣阶段,采用电石和铝粒调整炉渣成分,具体的炉渣成分如表16所示。
[表16]
而后,LF炉精炼所得钢水运至RH真空精炼炉进行RH真空精炼,先在200mbar以上真空度下处理3~5min,再在1.5mbar以下的真空度下持续处理10~15min,然后在50mbar以上的真空度下持续处理5min以上,最后破空出钢,具体操作过程如前面第三种实施方式所述。期间,在1.5mbar以下的真空度下,从靠近上升管32的区域S21处向钢水中喂入钙线0.5~1.0m/t且喂线速度1~1.5m/s。
钢水从RH真空精炼炉吊运至连铸平台静置,然后开始浇注,得到厚度220mm或320mm的连铸坯。所得连铸坯的化学成分如表17所示,除表中所列元素之外,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
[表17]
[表17续]
另外,经检测,连铸坯中,约M%的氧化物夹杂物中Al2O3含量≥80%,约N%的氧化物夹杂物尺寸≤5μm,其中的M、N分别如表21所示;再者,氧化物夹杂物的最大尺寸、中心碳偏析等级、表面最大裂纹、宽度偏差、厚度偏差也分别如表18所示。
[表18]
接下来,该组实施例的各个连铸坯冷却至室温之后,进行表面修磨,而后在修磨后的表面上喷涂厚度0.8~1.5mm的高温抗氧化涂料,再将连铸坯送入加热炉进行加热,预热段升温速度20~30℃/min,加热段升温速度30~50℃/min;连铸坯离开加热炉之后,热轧成板材。其中,在加热炉中的预热温度、加热温度、均热温度、热轧所得板材的厚度、开轧温度和终轧温度,分别如表19所示。
[表19]
对热轧所得板材自然空冷至200℃以下后,进行二次淬火和回火热处理,冷却至室温之后,得到板材成品。其中,第一次淬火的温度和在炉时长、第二次淬火的温度和在炉时长、回火温度和在炉时长,分别如表20所示。
[表20]
对所述板材成品进行取样以及性能检测,具体按照GB/T 228.1-2010《金属材料拉伸试验-第1部分:室温试验方法》在液压式万能材料试验机上,对板材成品进行室温拉伸性能试验,以及按照GB/T 229-2020《金属材料夏比摆锤冲击试验方法》在冲击试验机上,对所述板材成品进行低温冲击试验,结果如下表21所示。
[表21]
从表21中可以看出,所述板材成品的室温力学性能和低温力学性能均十分优异,-80℃、-95℃、-125℃和-196℃的低温冲击功单值均≥185J。另外,各个实施例的板材成品的Z向断面收缩率≥70%。
综上可得,本发明一实施方式,采用所述转炉控磷冶炼方法,通过三小阶段的初步吹炼和两大阶段的深度吹炼,实现了高效地、稳定地脱磷,实现了超低磷钢水的转炉冶炼,且生产过程单座转炉即可完成、效率高、设备损害小、成本低;并且,基于转炉所出低磷钢水来进行精炼和连铸,利于制备得到低磷的连铸坯,满足高纯净度钢的制备需求。
Claims (25)
- 一种低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法,其特征在于,所述转炉控磷冶炼方法包括,在转炉中加入脱硫后的铁水和第一批废钢进行吹炼,造碱度2.0~2.5、T.Fe含量25~35%的炉渣,吹炼的第1min的吹氧枪枪位1.8~2.0m、顶吹氧气量28000~30000Nm3/h,第2min至吹炼结束的期间,两次同时控制吹氧枪枪位升高和顶吹氧气量降低,吹炼全程底吹氩气且控制钢水温度在1380~1420℃,吹炼结束后底吹氩气继续1~3min,然后挡渣出钢,终点钢水温度1360~1400℃、C含量3.3~3.8%、P含量≤0.018%,得到半钢钢水;在所述转炉清理钢渣和余钢之后,将所述半钢钢水、镍板和第二批废钢加入所述转炉中进行吹炼,所述第二批废钢占所述第一批废钢和第二批废钢的总重的50~70%,吹炼全程分为持续3~4min的前期吹炼和后期吹炼,前期吹炼期间,在吹炼开始时先加入石灰、轻烧白云石,吹炼1min后分3-5个批次加入球团,以维持整个前期吹炼期间的炉渣中T.Fe含量≥13%,前期吹炼结束后持续底吹氩气1~2min,而后部分倒渣,进入后期吹炼,后期吹炼造碱度5.5~9.5的炉渣,后期吹炼的终点钢水温度1580~1620℃、P≤0.0035%、C含量0.02~0.05%,倒渣出钢,得到转炉冶炼终钢。
- 根据权利要求1所述的低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法,其特征在于,所述的“第2min至吹炼结束的期间,两次同时控制吹氧枪枪位升高和顶吹氧气量降低”为:第2~3min的吹氧枪枪位2.2~2.5m、顶吹氧气量26000~28000Nm3/h,第4min以后的吹氧枪枪位2.5~2.8m、顶吹氧气量23000~26000Nm3/h。
- 根据权利要求1所述的低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法,其特征在于,所述的“吹炼全程底吹氩气且控制钢水温度在1380~1420℃”包括:在第二次同时控制吹氧枪枪位升高和顶吹氧气量降低之前,底吹氩气量1200~1500Nm3/h,之后底吹氩气量600~800Nm3/h。
- 根据权利要求3所述的低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法,其特征在于,所述的“吹炼结束后底吹氩气继续1~3min”中,底吹氩气量为800~1000Nm3/h。
- 根据权利要求1所述的低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法,其特征在于,所述的“在转炉中加入脱硫后的铁水和第一批废钢进行吹炼”中,采用第一造渣剂进行造渣,所述第一造渣剂包括:石灰、球团、轻烧白云石。
- 根据权利要求1所述的低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法,其特征在于,所述前期吹炼中,第1min的吹氧枪枪位1.8~2.0m、顶吹氧气量33000~35000Nm3/h,之后吹氧枪枪位2.2~2.5m、顶吹氧气量25000~28000Nm3/h;所述前期吹炼中,全程底吹氩气,且第1min的底吹氩气量800~1000Nm3/h,之后底吹氩气量600~800Nm3/h。
- 根据权利要求1所述的低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法,其特征在于,所述前期吹炼中,采用第二造渣剂进行造渣,所述第二造渣剂包括:石灰、球团、轻烧白云石。
- 根据权利要求1所述的低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法,其特征在于,所述后期吹炼中,加石灰、球团、轻烧白云石进行造渣。
- 根据权利要求1所述的低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法,其特征在于,所述后期吹炼中,开始时的吹氧枪枪位1.8~2.0m、顶吹氧气量36000~38000Nm3/h,吹炼结束之前的4.5min到0.5min期间先后进行两次同时调控吹氧枪枪位和顶吹氧气量,第一次调控吹氧枪枪位降低、顶吹氧气量升高,第二次调控吹氧枪枪位升高、顶吹氧气量降低。
- 根据权利要求9所述的低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法,其特征在于,在吹炼结束之前的4min时,第一次调控吹氧枪枪位降低至1.6~1.8m、顶吹氧气量升高为38000~40000Nm3/h,在吹炼结束之前的1min时,第二次调控吹氧枪枪位升高至2.2~2.5m、顶吹氧气量降低为28000~30000Nm3/h。
- 根据权利要求10所述的低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法,其特征在于,所述后期吹炼中,开始时的底吹氩气量1000~1200Nm3/h,在第一次调控吹氧枪枪位降低、顶吹氧气量升高的同时,将底吹氩气量升高至1300~1500Nm3/h并维持至所述后期吹炼结束之后的1~2min,而后结束底吹氩气并倒渣出钢。
- 一种低温钢的生产方法,其特征在于,所述生产方法包括,在KR脱硫设备处理铁水,出站温度1350~1400℃,出站铁水的S含量≤0.0010%;将脱硫后的铁水采用权利要求1所述的低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法转炉控磷冶炼方法进行钢水冶炼;将转炉冶炼所得钢水运至LF炉中进行精炼,包括依序的通电升温、合金化、造渣,出站温度1610~1630℃;而后,将LF炉出站钢水运至RH真空精炼炉进行真空处理,破空出钢;钢水从RH真空精炼炉吊运至连铸平台静置,然后浇注,得到连铸坯。
- 根据权利要求12所述的低温钢的生产方法,其特征在于,所述的“倒渣出钢,得到转炉冶炼终钢”中的出钢过程中,先后进行脱氧合金化和造渣,并且出钢过程中的钢包底吹流量400~600NL/min,出钢结束的钢包底吹流量提升为800~1000NL/min;出钢10~20%时按顺序加入金属铝、低钛低铝硅铁、金属锰对钢水进行脱氧合金化,至出钢60~70%时全部加完,然后加入石灰和铝酸钙合成渣进行造渣,至出钢80~90%时全部加完。
- 根据权利要求13所述的低温钢的生产方法,其特征在于,所述铝酸钙合成渣的粒度10~50mm,其化学成分以重量百分比计包括:CaO 50-60%,Al2O335-45%,MgO 2-4%,SiO2≤3%,以及其它不可避免的杂质组分,其中物相12CaO·7Al2O3占所述铝酸钙合成渣的复合相的80%以上。
- 根据权利要求12所述的低温钢的生产方法,其特征在于,在LF炉中进行精炼的造渣阶段,采用电石和铝粒对炉渣进行脱氧,以将炉渣成分调整为以重量百分比计含50~55%的CaO、30~35%的Al2O3、3~6%的SiO2、4~7%的MgO、1.5%以下的T.Fe+MnO以及其它不可避免的杂质组分;在RH真空精炼炉进行真空处理时,先在1.5mbar以下的真空度下持续处理15~20min,然后在5mbar以上的真空度下持续处理10~20min,最后破空出钢。
- 根据权利要求12所述的低温钢的生产方法,其特征在于,在LF炉中进行精炼的造渣阶段,采用电石和低碳钢渣面脱氧剂对炉渣进行脱氧,以将炉渣成分调整为以重量百分比计含50~55%的CaO、30~35%的Al2O3、3~6%的SiO2、4~7%的MgO、2~5%的T.Fe+MnO以及其它不可避免的杂质组分;在RH真空精炼炉进行真空处理时,在钢水到站后4min内将真空度降低到1.5mbar以下,而后向钢水中加入金属铝,向钢包渣面加入2~4kg/t的低碳钢渣面脱氧剂,之后持续真空处理15~20min;然后在5mbar以上的真空度下持续处理10~20min,最后破空出钢。
- 根据权利要求12所述的低温钢的生产方法,其特征在于,在LF炉中进行精炼的造渣阶段,向钢水中加0.3~0.5kg/t的电石、1.0~2.0kg/t的第二铝酸钙合成渣,以将炉渣成分调整为以质量百分比计含50~55%的CaO、30~35%的Al2O3、1~3%的CaF2、3%以内的SiO2、4~6%的MgO、1%以内的T.Fe+MnO以及其它不可避免的杂质组分。
- 根据权利要求17所述的低温钢的生产方法,其特征在于,所述第二铝酸钙合成渣的组分按质量百分数计包括40~45%的CaO、10~15%的Al2O3、5~10%的CaF2、3%以内的SiO2、2~5%的MgO、5~10%的CaC2、15~20%的单质铝,且其中物相12CaO·7Al2O3的质量百分数超30%,其余为CaO、CaF2、SiO2、MgO的单相或复合相。
- 根据权利要求17所述的低温钢的生产方法,其特征在于,在RH真空精炼炉进行真空处理时,先在200mbar以上真空度下、以80~100Nm3/h的提升气体流量处理3~5min,再在1.5mbar以下的真空度下、以150~200Nm3/h的提升气体流量持续处理10~15min,然后在50mbar以上的真空度下、以150~200Nm3/h的提升气体流量持续处理5min以上,最后破空出钢。
- 根据权利要求19所述的低温钢的生产方法,其特征在于,在真空度降至500mbar之后,从靠近下降管的区域处向钢包中喂入钙线1.0~1.5m/t且喂线速度4~6m/s。
- 根据权利要求19所述的低温钢的生产方法,其特征在于,在RH真空精炼炉的真空度降至1.5mbar以下之后,持续处理10~15min期间,从靠近上升管的区域处向钢包中喂入钙线0.5~1.0m/t且喂线速度1~1.5m/s。
- 根据权利要求21所述的低温钢的生产方法,其特征在于,RH真空精炼炉的下降管和上升管以一镜像面对称分布,RH真空精炼炉处的钢包具有过上升管的中心并平行于镜像面的拟合面,所述的“靠近上升管的区域”处于所述拟合面和所述镜像面之间。
- 根据权利要求12所述的低温钢的生产方法,其特征在于,所述的“钢水从RH真空精炼炉吊运至连铸平台静置,然后浇注,得到连铸坯”包括:将所述钢水采用板坯连铸机进行浇注,得到厚度220mm或320mm、宽度1500~2300mm的坯料;中间包钢水的过热度30~50℃,结晶器采用熔点为1100~1200℃的低熔点碱性保护渣,拉速v为1.05~1.35m/min,结晶器的锥度1.05~1.2%;所述坯料出结晶器之后在二冷区进行冷却,所述二冷区按照水量不同分10个区段;第1区段的水量是结晶器的水量的1/10以下,第2~4区段的水量大于第1区段的水量且依次递减,第5区段的水量小于第1区段的水量,第6区段的内弧水量小于外弧水量,第7~10区段的内外弧边部水量小于内外弧中部水量;坯料在第8~10区段进行压下且三个区段各分配25%、25%和50%的压下量,厚度220mm和320mm的坯料的压下量分别为3~5mm和6~8mm;坯料离开全部扇形段之后进行切割和堆垛缓冷,得到连铸坯。
- 根据权利要求23所述的低温钢的生产方法,其特征在于,根据拉速v的变化调整结晶器的锥度、结晶器的水量以及第1至5区段的水量,包括:当拉速v在1.20m/min以下时,结晶器的锥度1.1~1.2%;否则,结晶器的锥度1.05~1.15%;当拉速v在1.20m/min以下时,结晶器的宽侧水量3600~3900NL/min、窄侧水量390~420NL/min;否则,结晶器的宽侧水量3900~4100NL/min、窄侧水量420~450NL/min;第1至5区段的内外弧具有对应拉速v=1.05m/min的标准水量以及对应于拉速v>1.05m/min的增强水量,所述增强水量为标准水量与增量水量ΔT=T×floor((v-1.05m/min)/0.05m/min)之和,T取值5~10NL/min;其中,第1至5区段的内外弧的对应拉速v=1.05m/min的标准水量分别为250~290NL/min、575±25NL/min、525±25NL/min、475±25NL/min、175±25NL/min。
- 根据权利要求12所述的低温钢的生产方法,其特征在于,所述生产方法还包括:将连铸坯送入加热炉进行加热,预热段最高温度为750~850℃,加热段最高温度为1100~1200℃,均热段最高温度为1150~1200℃,预热段升温速度20~30℃/min,加热段升温速度30~50℃/min;将加热后的连铸坯热轧成厚度h为5~60mm的热轧板材,开轧温度为1030~1130℃,终轧温度为800~850℃;将热轧板材自然空冷至200℃以下,而后进行二次淬火和回火热处理,之后自然冷却至室温,得到板材成品;其中,第一次淬火的温度为800~900℃,第二次淬火的温度为700~800℃;若h≤20mm,则回火温度600~620℃;若h≥40mm,则回火温度560~580℃;若20mm<h<40mm,则回火温度>580℃且<600℃。
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| CN108950127A (zh) * | 2018-07-27 | 2018-12-07 | 江苏省沙钢钢铁研究院有限公司 | 一种低磷钢的冶炼方法 |
| CN111411300A (zh) * | 2020-04-24 | 2020-07-14 | 南京钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种高磷铁水生产镍系钢的方法 |
| CN114032355A (zh) * | 2021-11-10 | 2022-02-11 | 张家港宏昌钢板有限公司 | 一种超低磷连铸钢坯及其生产方法和应用 |
| CN117965840A (zh) * | 2024-03-29 | 2024-05-03 | 江苏省沙钢钢铁研究院有限公司 | 低温钢的转炉控磷冶炼方法及高质量低温钢的生产方法 |
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