WO2025200004A1

WO2025200004A1 - Devices and methods for communication

Info

Publication number: WO2025200004A1
Application number: PCT/CN2024/085017
Authority: WO
Inventors: Lin Liang; Gang Wang
Original assignee: NEC Corp
Current assignee: NEC Corp
Priority date: 2024-03-29
Filing date: 2024-03-29
Publication date: 2025-10-02
Anticipated expiration: 2026-09-29

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution for ambient IoT. In a solution, a first device transmits, to a second device, a first message that does not comprise a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) information of the first message; and receive, from the second device, a second message comprising information related to the first message, wherein the information comprises one of: a part of the first message, the first message or the CRC information of the first message.

Description

DEVICES AND METHODS FOR COMMUNICATION

FIELDS

Example embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to the field of communication techniques and in particular, to devices and methods for ambient internet of thing (IoT) .

BACKGROUND

Internet of Things, or IoT, is a network of physical devices. These devices can transfer data to one another without human intervention. The automation and digitalization of various industries open numbers of new markets requiring new IoT technologies of supporting battery-less devices with no energy storage capability or devices with energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually. It may consider devices being either battery-less or with limited energy storage capability (i.e., using a capacitor) and the energy is provided through the harvesting of radio waves, light, motion, heat, or any other power source that could be seen suitable. Considering the limited size and complexity required by practical applications for battery-less devices with no energy storage capability or devices with limited energy storage that do not need to be replaced or recharged manually, the output power of energy harvester is typically from 1μW to a few hundreds of μW. Existing cellular devices may not work well with energy harvesting due to their peak power consumption of higher than 10mW.

An example type of application may be asset identification, which presently has to resort mainly to barcode and radio frequency identity (RFID) in most industries. The main advantage of these two technologies is the ultra-low complexity and small form factor of the tags. However, the limited reading range of a few meters usually requires handheld scanning which leads to labor intensive and time-consuming operations, or RFID portals/gates which leads to costly deployments. Moreover, the lack of interference management scheme results in severe interference between RFID readers and capacity problems, especially in case of dense deployment. It is hard to support large-scale network with seamless coverage for RFID.

SUMMARY

In general, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solution on ambient internet of thing (IoT) .

In a first aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises: a processor, configured to cause the first device to: transmit, to a second device, a first message that does not comprise a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) information of the first message; and receive, from the second device, a second message comprising information related to the first message, wherein the information comprises one of: a part of the first message, the first message or the CRC information of the first message.

In a second aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises: a processor, configured to cause the first device to: determine whether a channel coding scheme is applied to a transmission block comprising a message; and transmit, to the second device, the transmission block comprising the message and CRC bits for the message based on the determination.

In a third aspect, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises: a processor, configured to cause the second device to: receive, from a first device, a transmission block comprising a message, wherein the message is applied with a channel coding scheme or no channel coding scheme; and detect the message based on a first assumption regarding the message is applied with the channel coding scheme or a second assumption regarding the message is applied with no channel coding scheme.

In a fourth aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises: a processor, configured to cause the first device to: generate CRC bits for a message; and transmit, to a second device, a transmission block comprising the CRC bits and payload bits of the message, wherein the CRC bits are in front of the payload bits of the message.

In a fifth aspect, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises: a processor, configured to cause the second device to: receive, from a first device, a transmission block comprising CRC bits and payload bits of a message, wherein the CRC bits are in front of the payload bits of the message.

In a sixth aspect, there is provided a first device. The first device comprises: a processor, configured to cause the first device to: generate CRC bits for a message; and transmit, to a second device, a transmission block comprising a portion of the CRC bits and payload bits of the message.

In a seventh aspect, there is provided a second device. The second device comprises: a processor, configured to cause the second device to: receive, from a first device, a transmission block comprising a portion of CRC bits for a message and payload bits of the message.

In an eighth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first device. The method comprises: transmitting, to a second device, a first message that does not comprise a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) information of the first message; and receiving, from the second device, a second message comprising information related to the first message, wherein the information comprises one of: a part of the first message, the first message or the CRC information of the first message.

In a ninth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first device. The method comprises: determining whether a channel coding scheme is applied to a transmission block comprising a message; and transmitting, to the second device, the transmission block comprising the message and CRC bits for the message based on the determination.

In a tenth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second device. The method comprises: receiving, from a first device, a transmission block comprising a message, wherein the message is applied with a channel coding scheme or no channel coding scheme; and detecting the message based on a first assumption regarding the message is applied with the channel coding scheme or a second assumption regarding the message is applied with no channel coding scheme.

In an eleventh aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first device. The method comprises: generateing CRC bits for a message; and transmitting, to a second device, a transmission block comprising the CRC bits and payload bits of the message, wherein the CRC bits are in front of the payload bits of the message.

In a twelfth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second device. The method comprises: receiving, from a first device, a transmission block comprising CRC bits and payload bits of a message, wherein the CRC bits are in front of the payload bits of the message.

In a thirteenth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a first device. The method comprises: generateing CRC bits for a message; and transmitting, to a second device, a transmission block comprising a portion of the CRC bits and payload bits of the message.

In a fourteenth aspect, there is provided a communication method performed by a second device. The method comprises: receiving, from a first device, a transmission block comprising a portion of CRC bits for a message and payload bits of the message.

In a fifteenth aspect, there is provided a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to carry out the method according to the eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, twelfth, thirteenth, or fourteenth aspect.

Other features of the present disclosure will become easily comprehensible through the following description.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Through the more detailed description of some example embodiments of the present disclosure in the accompanying drawings, the above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent, wherein:

FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B illustrate example communication environments in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented, respectively;

FIG. 2A and FIG. 2B illustrate schematic diagrams of device structures according to example embodiments of the present disclosure, respectively;

FIG. 3 illustrates a signaling flow of message exchanging without cyclic redundancy check (CRC) in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 4 illustrates a schematic diagram of message exchanging without CRC in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 5 illustrates a schematic diagram of message in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 6 illustrates a signaling flow of blind detection in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 7 illustrates a signaling flow of message exchanging with front loaded CRC in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 8 illustrates a schematic diagram of message with front loaded CRC in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 9 illustrates a signaling flow of message exchanging with truncated CRC in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 10 illustrates a schematic diagram of message with truncated CRC in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a first device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a first device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a second device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a first device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 15 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a second device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 16 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a first device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure;

FIG. 17 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method implemented at a second device according to some example embodiments of the present disclosure; and

FIG. 18 illustrates a simplified block diagram of an apparatus that is suitable for implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure.

Throughout the drawings, the same or similar reference numerals represent the same or similar element.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Principle of the present disclosure will now be described with reference to some example embodiments. It is to be understood that these embodiments are described only for the purpose of illustration and help those skilled in the art to understand and implement the present disclosure, without suggesting any limitation as to the scope of the disclosure. Embodiments described herein can be implemented in various manners other than the ones described below.

In the following description and claims, unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skills in the art to which this disclosure belongs.

As used herein, the term ‘terminal device’ refers to any device having wireless or wired communication capabilities. Examples of the terminal device include, but not limited to, user equipment (UE) , personal computers, desktops, mobile phones, cellular phones, smart phones, personal digital assistants (PDAs) , portable computers, tablets, wearable devices, internet of things (IoT) devices, Ultra-reliable and Low Latency Communications (URLLC) devices, Internet of Everything (IoE) devices, machine type communication (MTC) devices, devices on vehicle for V2X communication where X means pedestrian, vehicle, or infrastructure/network, devices for Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) , Space borne vehicles or Air borne vehicles in Non-terrestrial networks (NTN) including Satellites and High Altitude Platforms (HAPs) encompassing Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) , extended Reality (XR) devices including different types of realities such as Augmented Reality (AR) , Mixed Reality (MR) and Virtual Reality (VR) , the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) commonly known as a drone which is an aircraft without any human pilot, devices on high speed train (HST) , or image capture devices such as digital cameras, sensors, gaming devices, music storage and playback appliances, or Internet appliances enabling wireless or wired Internet access and browsing and the like. The ‘terminal device’ can further has ‘multicast/broadcast’ feature, to support public safety and mission critical, V2X applications, transparent IPv4/IPv6 multicast delivery, IPTV, smart TV, radio services, software delivery over wireless, group communications and IoT applications. It may also incorporate one or multiple Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) as known as Multi-SIM. The term “terminal device” can be used interchangeably with a UE, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile terminal, a user terminal or a wireless device.

The term “network device” refers to a device which is capable of providing or hosting a cell or coverage where terminal devices can communicate. Examples of a network device include, but not limited to, a Node B (NodeB or NB) , an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a next generation NodeB (gNB) , a transmission reception point (TRP) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , a radio head (RH) , a remote radio head (RRH) , an IAB node, a low power node such as a femto node, a pico node, a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) , and the like.

The terminal device or the network device may have Artificial intelligence (AI) or Machine learning capability. It generally includes a model which has been trained from numerous collected data for a specific function, and can be used to predict some information.

The terminal or the network device may work on several frequency ranges, e.g., FR1 (e.g., 450 MHz to 6000 MHz) , FR2 (e.g., 24.25GHz to 52.6GHz) , frequency band larger than 100 GHz as well as Tera Hertz (THz) . It can further work on licensed/unlicensed/shared spectrum. The terminal device may have more than one connection with the network devices under Multi-Radio Dual Connectivity (MR-DC) application scenario. The terminal device or the network device can work on full duplex, flexible duplex and cross division duplex modes.

The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed in test equipment, e.g., signal generator, signal analyzer, spectrum analyzer, network analyzer, test terminal device, test network device, channel emulator. In some embodiments, the terminal devic e may be connected with a first network device and a second network device. One of the first network device and the second network device may be a master node and the other one may be a secondary node. The first network device and the second network device may use different radio access technologies (RATs) . In some embodiments, the first network device may be a first RAT device and the second network device may be a second RAT device. In some embodiments, the first RAT device is eNB and the second RAT device is gNB. Information related with different RATs may be transmitted to the terminal device from at least one of the first network device or the second network device. In some embodiments, first information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the first network device and second information may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device. In some embodiments, information related with configuration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted from the second network device via the first network device. Information related with reconfiguration for the terminal device configured by the second network device may be transmitted to the terminal device from the second network device directly or via the first network device.

As used herein, the singular forms ‘a’ , ‘an’ and ‘the’ are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. The term ‘includes’ and its variants are to be read as open terms that mean ‘includes, but is not limited to. ’ The term ‘based on’ is to be read as ‘at least in part based on. ’ The term ‘one embodiment’ and ‘an embodiment’ are to be read as ‘at least one embodiment. ’ The term ‘another embodiment’ is to be read as ‘at least one other embodiment. ’ The terms ‘first, ’ ‘second, ’ and the like may refer to different or same objects. Other definitions, explicit and implicit, may be included below.

In some examples, values, procedures, or apparatus are referred to as ‘best, ’ ‘lowest, ’ ‘highest, ’ ‘minimum, ’ ‘maximum, ’ or the like. It will be appreciated that such descriptions are intended to indicate that a selection among many used functional alternatives can be made, and such selections need not be better, smaller, higher, or otherwise preferable to other selections.

As used herein, the term “resource, ” “transmission resource, ” “uplink resource, ” or “downlink resource” may refer to any resource for performing a communication, such as a resource in time domain, a resource in frequency domain, a resource in space domain, a resource in code domain, or any other resource enabling a communication, and the like. In the following, unless explicitly stated, a resource in both frequency domain and time domain will be used as an example of a transmission resource for describing some example embodiments of the present disclosure. It is noted that example embodiments of the present disclosure are equally applicable to other resources in other domains.

As used herein, the term “topology” may refer to a way in which constituent parts are interrelated or arranged. For example, “topology” may indicate how the terminal device and the network device are arranged and/or communicated. As used herein, the term “IoT radio interface” may refer to an air interface that is used for IoT communication. The term “backscatter” used herein may refer to a method that uses an incident radio-frequency (RF) signal to transmit data without a battery or power source. The term “backscatter signal” used herein may refer to a reflection of ambient radio frequency signal.

The term “ambient IoT device” used herein is a 3GPP IoT device which is much smaller and cheaper compared to previous generations of IoT. The ultimate ambient IoT energy source is that from radio waves. Both Ambient IoT and Ambient computing rely upon energy harvesting as one of the key mechanisms for powering and enabling the technology. Energy harvesting, as it applies to Ambient IoT and Ambient Computing, is the harnessing of the power in ambient radio waves to power tiny computers. Ambient IoT device may have a new radio/air interface to a reader/node. The new radio interface may be frame based or non-frame based. Deploying ambient IoT service on existing system could reduce the operation cost and quickly commercialize the new service.

Principles and implementations of the present disclosure will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.

FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B illustrate schematic diagrams of example communication environments in which example embodiments of the present disclosure can be implemented, respectively. As shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, a plurality of communication devices, including a first device 110 and a first device 120, can communicate with each other. In the example of FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B, the first device 110 may be an ambient IoT device/ambient IoT tag and the second device 120 may be a base station serving a third device 130 which is a UE.

It is to be understood that the number of devices and their connections shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B are only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitation. The communication environment may include any suitable number of devices configured to implementing example embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more additional devices may be located in the cell, and one or more additional cells may be deployed in the communication environment. It is noted that although illustrated as a network device, the second device 120 may be another device than a network device. Although illustrated as a terminal device, the third device 130 may be other device than a terminal device.

In the following, for the purpose of illustration, some example embodiments are described with the third device 130 operating as a UE and the second device 120 operating as a base station. However, in some example embodiments, operations described in connection with a terminal device may be implemented at a network device or other device, and operations described in connection with a network device may be implemented at a terminal device or other device.

In some example embodiments, if the third device 130 is a terminal device and the second device 120 is a network device, a link from the second device 120 to the third device 130 is referred to as a downlink (DL) , while a link from the third device 130 to the second device 120 is referred to as an uplink (UL) . In DL, the second device 120 is a transmitting (TX) device (or a transmitter) and the third device 130 is a receiving (RX) device (or a receiver) . In UL, the third device 130 is a TX device (or a transmitter) and the second device 120 is a RX device (or a receiver) .

The communications in the communication environments shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B may conform to any suitable standards including, but not limited to, Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Evolution, LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , New Radio (NR) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) , GSM EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN) , Machine Type Communication (MTC) and the like. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be performed according to any generation communication protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future. Examples of the communication protocols include, but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, 5.5G, 5G-Advanced networks, or the sixth generation (6G) networks.

FIG. 1A shows a first topology 100 where the first device 110 (i.e., ambient IoT device) directly and bidirectionally communicates with the second device 120. The communication between the second device 120 and the first device 110 may include ambient IoT data and/or signalling. This first topology 100 may include the possibility that the second device 120 transmitting to the first device 110 is a different from the second device 120 receiving from the first device 110. For example, the first topology 100 may be deployed in a scenario where the first device 110 (i.e., ambient IoT device) and the second device 120 may be indoors.

FIG. 1B shows a second topology 100' where the first device 110 (i.e., ambient IoT device) communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node (i.e., the third device 130) between the first device 110 and the second device 120. In the second topology 100', the intermediate node may be a relay, IAB node, UE, repeater, and the like. which is capable of Ambient IoT. The intermediate node may transfer Ambient IoT data and/or signalling between the first device 110 and the second device 120. For example, the second topology 100' may be deployed in a scenario where the first device 110 (i.e., ambient IoT device) and the second device 120 may be outdoor.

In some embodiments, an air interface design with minimized differences (where necessary) for Ambient IoT may enable the following devices: (1) Device 1 ～1 μW peak power consumption, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10X ppm, neither DL nor UL amplification in the device, the device's UL transmission is backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally; and (2) Device 2a and Device 2b ≤ a few hundred μW peak power consumptionl, has energy storage, initial sampling frequency offset (SFO) up to 10^X ppm, both DL and/or UL amplification in the device. The UL transmission of Device 2a may be backscattered on a carrier wave provided externally. The UL transmission of Device 2b may be generated internally by the device. It is to be understood that “≤ a few hundred μW” means WGs are not tasked with setting a particular value, and that it will be for WG discussions to determine if a presented design with corresponding power consumption satisfies the “≤ a few hundred μW” requirement.

In some embodiments, there may be different types of ambient IoT devices, including: a first type of device (i.e., Device A) which has no energy storage and no independent signal generation/amplification, i.e. backscattering transmission, a second type of device (i.e., Device B) which has energy storage but no independent signal generation, i.e. backscattering transmission, and a third type of device (i.e., Device C) which has energy storage and independent signal generation, i.e., active RF components for transmission. For the second type of device, use of stored energy can include amplification for reflected signals. The first device 110 may be any of the first, second or third types of devices.

A limited energy storage can be different among implementations within Device B or implementations within Device C, and different between Device B and Device C. Such storage is expected to be order (s) of magnitude smaller than an NB-IoT device would typically include. For Device A, the power consumption target during transmitting/receiving is ≤ 1 μW or ≤ 10 μW. For Device B, the target during transmitting/receiving is such that: Device A power consumption 《Device B power consumption ＜ Device C power consumption; or Device A power consumption ≤ Device B power consumption ＜ Device C power consumption. The device power consumption during transmitting/receiving for Device C is ≤ 1 mW to ≤ 10 mW. For Device A, the complexity target is to be comparable to UHF RFID ISO18000-6C (EPC C1G2) . For Device B, the target is such that: Device A complexity ＜ Device B complexity ＜ Device C complexity. For Device C, the complexity target is to be orders-of-magnitude lower than NB-IoT.

FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic diagram of an example of a structure 200 of Device 1. As shown in FIG. 2A, the structure 200 may include an antenna which may be either shared or separate for RF energy harvester and receiver/transmitter. A matching network 210 in the structure 200 may be to match impedance between antenna and other components (including RF energy harvester and receiver related blocks) . The structure 200 may include an RF energy harvester 200 that can include rectifier performing RF signal (AC) to DC conversion. The structure 200 may also include an energy storage (e.g., capacitor) that stores harvested energy from RF energy harvester and a Power management unit (PMU) that manages storing energy to energy storage from energy harvester and suppling power to active component blocks which needs power supply.

Further, as shown in FIG. 2A, a digital BB logic in the structure 200 may include functional blocks like encoder 290, decoder 270, controller 280, and the like. Memory in the structure 200 can include two types of memory: 1) Non-Volatile Memory (NVM) such as EEPROM for permanently storing device ID, etc, and 2) registers for temporarily keeping any information required for its operation only while energy is available in energy storage. The structure may also include a clock generator 230 which provides required clock signal (s) .

The structure 200 can also include reception related blocks. For example, the structure 200 may include an RF band-pass filter (BPF) for improving selectivity. Depending on implementation, the RF BPF may not exist. An RF envelope detector 240 may be included in the structure 200 to converts RF signal to baseband. Moreover, a BB low-pass filter (LPF) in the structure can filter out harmonics and high frequency components to improve input signal quality to a comparator 250 which determines high/low of input signal. In some embodiments, depending on implementation, the BB LPF may not exist. Presence of BB LPF is assumed for the study.

Moreover, the structure 200 can include transmission related blocks. For example, the structure 200 may include a backscatter modulator 260 that switches impedance to modulate backscattered signal with transmission signal from BB logics.

FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic diagram of an example of a structure 200' of Device 2a. As shown in FIG. 2B, the structure 200' may include some similar components/elements to the structure 200. Detailed description of the similar components/elements is omitted here. The structure 200' may further include a reflection amplifier 265 that can amplify reflected backscattered signal. At least one of Reader to Device (R2D) /Carrier Wave to Device (CW2D) and Device to Reader (D2R) may be amplified by either the reflection amplifier 265 or LNA. The structure 200' may also include a BB amplifier that amplifies BB signal to improve signal strength. In some embodiments, a large frequency shifter 255 may be included in the structure 200' for shifting backscattered signal from one frequency to another frequency. In addition, the structure 200' may include an energy harvester 225 which is other than the RF energy harvester 220.

Reference is made to FIG. 3, which illustrates a signaling flow 300 of message exchanging without cyclic redundancy check (CRC) in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the first device 310 may be an ambient IoT device (such as, reader) and the second device 320 may be an ambient IoT tag. Alternatively, the first device 310 may be an ambient IoT tag and the second device 320 may be an ambient IoT device.

The first device 310 transmits (3010) a first message to the second device 320. In other words, the second device 320 receives (3010) the first message from the first device 310. The first message does not include a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) information of the first message. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the first message 410 does not the CRC bits. In some embodiments, the first device 310 may determine the CRC bits of the first message and then store the CRC bits.

The second device 320 transmits (3020) a second message to the first device 310. In other words, the first device 310 receives (3020) the second message from the second device 320. The second message includes information related to the first message. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the second message 420 may include the information 415 which is related to the first message 410. In this way, it can power at the first device 310.

In some embodiments, the information may include a part of the first message. For example, the information 415 may be a part of the first message 410. Alternatively, the information may include the first message. In other words, the first message may be included in the second message. For example, the information 415 may be the first message 410. In some other embodiments, the information may include the CRC information of the first message. For example, the information 415 may include the CRC bits of the first message 410.

In some embodiments, the first device 310 may determine (3030) whether the information matches with the first message. For example, if the information related to the first message includes the part of the first message, the first device 310 may determine whether the part of the first message included in the second message is same as a corresponding part in the first message. In this case, if they are the same, the first device 310 may determine that the information matches with the first message. If they are different, the first device 310 may determine that the information does not match with the first message.

In some embodiments, if the information related to the first message includes the first message, the first device 310 may determine whether the information is same as the first message. In this case, if they are the same, the first device 310 may determine that the information matches with the first message. If they are different, the first device 310 may determine that the information does not match with the first message.

In some other embodiments, if the information related to the first message includes the CRC information of the first message, the first device 310 may determine whether the CRC information included in the second message is same as the CRC information of the first message stored at the first device 310. In this case, if they are the same, the first device 310 may determine that the information matches with the first message. If they are different, the first device 310 may determine that the information does not match with the first message. It is noted that CRC bits can be generated in any proper manner.

In some embodiments, if the information matches with the first message, the first device 310 may transmit a response message for the second message to the second device 320. In some embodiments, if the information does not match with the first message, the first device 310 may ignore the second message. Alternatively, if the information does not match with the first message, the first device 310 may not transmit the response message to the second device 320. In some other embodiments, if the information does not match with the first message, the first device 310 may transmit (3040) a third message indicating mismatching between the first message and the information. For example, the third message may incident effort information.

In some embodiments, for bits in a transmission block (TB) , there may be two parts. For example, as shown in FIG. 5, a first part 510 of the bits 500 may be CRC needed and a second part 520 of the bits 500 may not need CRC. In this case, the transmission order may be the first part 510 of bits, CRC bits 515, the second part 520 of bits. One of the example of CRC part and none CRC part is authentication command and authentication parameter. In this case, authentication command may be CRC protected. If the authentication is not passed due to the wrong authentication parameter, the device may ignore the message as the CRC fails.

For example, the second device 320 may transmit, to the first device 310, the followings in sequence: a first part of bits in a first TB, CRC information of the first part of bits and a second part of bits in the first TB. Alternatively, or in addition, the first device 310 may transmit, to the second device 320, the followings in sequence: a first part of bits in a second TB, CRC information of the first part of bits and a second part of bits in the second TB. An example of CRC part and none CRC part is authentication command and authentication parameter. In this case, authentication command may be CRC protected. If the authentication is not passed due to the wrong authentication parameter, the device (for example, the first device 310 or the second device 320) may ignore the message as the CRC fails.

In such way, the receiver could early check CRC to find error and may not receive the rest part if it does not pass the CRC check. Since, interference usually happens at the beginning of the TB when listen-before-talk (LBT) is adopted, early CRC check could help to early terminate the reception. Further, CRC needed part of bits may have less bits, thereby less CRC bits added for transmission. Early contention detection and early termination may save power at devices from both sides.

Reference is made to FIG. 6, which illustrates a signaling flow 600 of blind detection in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the first device 610 may be an ambient IoT device (such as, reader) and the second device 620 may be an ambient IoT tag. Alternatively, the first device 610 may be an ambient IoT tag and the second device 620 may be an ambient IoT device.

The first device 610 determines (6010) whether a channel coding scheme is applied to a transmission block including a message. For example, for type 2 device, channel coding may be adopted by the device. By way of example, the first device 610 may select between no channel coding and 1/2 code rate channel coding.

Ifthe channel coding scheme is applied to the transmission block, the first device 610 may determine (6020) CRC bits for the message by adding a plurality of bits which is equal to one before payload bits of the message. For example, to better distinguish between different TB sizes, CRC may be initialized to protect contiguous zero bits ambiguous. For at least channel coding scheme adaptation CRC generation, the CRC bits generation can be done by adding numbers of “one” bits before payload bits to generating CRC. It is noted that CRC bits can be generated in any proper manner.

The first device 610 transmits (6030) the transmission block including the message to the second device 620. In other words, the second device 620 receives (6030) the transmission block from the first device 610. In some embodiments, if the channel coding scheme is applied, the transmission block may include CRC bits for the message.

The second device 620 detects (6040) the message based on a first assumption regarding the message is applied with the channel coding scheme or a second assumption regarding the message is applied with no channel coding scheme. In other words, the second device 620 performs blind detection. If CRC checking of the message bits and CRC bits is passed, the message is considered to be successfully detected. If the message is successfully detected, the second device 620 may deliver the message to a higher layer of the second device 620.

In some embodiments, the second device 620 may first assume that the channel coding scheme is applied and detect the message based on the assumption that the channel coding scheme is applied. If the message is not successfully detected, the second device 620 may then assume that the channel coding scheme is not applied and detect the message based on the assumption that the channel coding scheme is not applied. In this way, it can save signaling.

In some other embodiments, the second device 620 may first assume that the channel coding scheme is not applied and detect the message based on the assumption that the channel coding scheme is not applied. If the message is not successfully detected, the second device 620 may then assume that the channel coding scheme is applied and detect the message based on the assumption that the channel coding scheme is applied.

Reference is made to FIG. 7, which illustrates a signaling flow 700 of front loaded CRC in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the first device 710 may be an ambient IoT device (such as, reader) and the second device 720 may be an ambient IoT tag. Alternatively, the first device 710 may be an ambient IoT tag and the second device 720 may be an ambient IoT device.

The first device 710 generates (7010) CRC bits for a message. For example, the front loaded encoding is performed in a systematic form, which means that in GF (2) , the polynomial: p₀D^A+L-1+ p₁D^A+L-2+ …+p_L-1D^A+ a₀D^A-1+ a₁D^A-2+…+ a_A-2D¹+a_A-1 yields a remainder equal to 0 when divided by the corresponding CRC generator polynomial.

The first device 710 transmits (7020) a transmission block comprising the CRC bits and payload bits of the message to the second device 120. In other words, the second device 120 receives (7020) the transmission block comprising the CRC bits and payload bits of the message from the first device 110. The CRC bits are in front of the payload bits of the message. For example, as shown in FIG. 8, the transmission block includes CRC bits 810 and the payload bits 820.

In this way, it can achieve early contention detection and early termination. Usually the CRC bits for different devices' message are different, but the first part of payload bits for different devices may be the same, e.g., the same device manufactory ID. Front loaded CRC can early detect the potential contention transmission. Further, there is no need to buffer CRC bits at device for front loaded CRC, thereby saving buffer space.

Reference is made to FIG. 9, which illustrates a signaling flow 800 of truncated CRC in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, the first device 910 may be an ambient IoT device (such as, reader) and the second device 920 may be an ambient IoT tag. Alternatively, the first device 910 may be an ambient IoT tag and the second device 920 may be an ambient IoT device.

The first device 910 generates (9010) CRC bits for a message. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the first device 910 may generate the CRC bits 1020 for the message 1010.

The first device 910 transmits (9020) , to the second device 920, a transmission block comprising a portion of the CRC bits and payload bits of the message. In other words, the second device 920 may receive (9020) the transmission block comprising the portion of the CRC bits and payload bits of the message from the first device 910. For example, as shown in FIG. 10, the transmission block 1000 may include the payload bits 1010 of the message and a portion of the CRC bits 1020. By way of example, ifthe payload size is 24 bits, CRC-16 is adopted, and the first 8 CRC bits are transmitted. In such way, better balance between payload size and CRC size could be achieved while not introducing much CRC types to reduce implementation complexity.

FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1100 implemented at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1100 will be described from the perspective of the first device 110 or the second device 120 in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B.

At block 1110, the first device transmits, to a second device, a first message that does not comprise a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) information of the first message.

At block 1120, the first device receives, from the second device, a second message comprising information related to the first message, wherein the information comprises one of: a part of the first message, the first message or the CRC information of the first message.

In some example embodiments, the method 1100 further includes: determining whether the information matches with the first message; and based on a determination that the information matches with the first message, transmitting a response message to the second device.

In some example embodiments, the method 1100 further includes: determining whether the information matches with the first message; and based on a determination that the information does not with the first message, ignoring the second message; or skipping a response to the second message, or transmitting, to the second device, a third message indicating mismatching between the first message and the information.

In some example embodiments, the method 1100 further includes: receiving, from the second device, the followings in sequence: a first part of bits in a first transmission block (TB) , CRC information of the first part of bits and a second part of bits in the first TB.

In some example embodiments, the method 1100 further includes: transmitting, to the first device, the followings in sequence: a first part of bits in a second TB, CRC information of the first part of bits and a second part of bits in the second TB.

In some example embodiments, the first device is a tag and the second device is a reader, or the first device is a reader and the second device is a tag.

FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1200 implemented at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1200 will be described from the perspective of the first device 110 and the second device 120 in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B.

At block 1210, the first device determines whether a channel coding scheme is applied to a transmission block comprising a message.

At block 1220, the first device transmits, to the second device, the transmission block comprising the message and CRC bits for the message, based on the determination which is blind detected by the second device.

In some example embodiments, the method 1200 further includes: determining CRC bits for the message by adding a plurality of bits which is equal to one before payload bits of the message.

FIG. 13 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1300 implemented at a second device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1300 will be described from the perspective of the first device 110 and the second device 120 in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B.

At block 1310, the second device receives, from a first device, a transmission block comprising a messsage, wherein the message is applied with a channel coding scheme or no channel coding scheme.

At block 1320, the second device detects the message based on a first assumption regarding the message is applied with the channel coding scheme or a second assumption regarding the message is applied with no channel coding scheme.

In some example embodiments, the method 1300 further includes: in accordance with a determination that the message is successfully detected, deliver the message to a higher layer of the second device.

In some example embodiments, CRC bits for the message comprise a plurality of bits which is equal to one before payload bits of the message.

FIG. 14 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1400 implemented at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1400 will be described from the perspective of the first device 110 and the second device 120 in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B.

At block 1410, the first device generates CRC bits for a message.

At block 1420, the first device transmits, to a second device, a transmission block comprising the CRC bits and payload bits of the message, wherein the CRC bits are in front of the payload bits of the message.

FIG. 15 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1500 implemented at a second device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1500 will be described from the perspective of the first device 110 and the second device 120 in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B.

At block 1510, the second device receives, from a first device, a transmission block comprising CRC bits and payload bits of a message, wherein the CRC bits are in front of the payload bits of the message.

FIG. 16 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1600 implemented at a first device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1600 will be described from the perspective of the first device 110 and the second device 120 in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B.

At block 1610, the first device generates CRC bits for a message.

At block 1620, the first device transmits, to a second device, a transmission block comprising a portion of the CRC bits and payload bits of the message.

FIG. 17 illustrates a flowchart of a communication method 1700 implemented at a second device in accordance with some embodiments of the present disclosure. For the purpose of discussion, the method 1700 will be described from the perspective of the first device 110 and the second device 120 in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B.

At block 1710, the second device receives, from a first device, a transmission block comprising a portion of CRC bits for a message and payload bits of the message.

FIG. 18 is a simplified block diagram of a device 1800 that is suitable for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. The device 1800 can be considered as a further example implementation of any of the devices as shown in FIG. 1 A and FIG. 1B. Accordingly, the device 1800 can be implemented at or as at least a part of the first device 110 or the second device 120.

As shown, the device 1800 includes a processor 1810, a memory 1820 coupled to the processor 1810, a suitable transceiver 1840 coupled to the processor 1810, and a communication interface coupled to the transceiver 1840. The memory 1820 stores at least a part of a program 1830. The transceiver 1840 may be for bidirectional communications or a unidirectional communication based on requirements. The transceiver 1840 may include at least one of a transmitter 1842 and a receiver 1844. The transmitter 1842 and the receiver 1844 may be functional modules or physical entities. The transceiver 1840 has at least one antenna to facilitate communication, though in practice an Access Node mentioned in this application may have several ones. The communication interface may represent any interface that is necessary for communication with other network elements, such as X2/Xn interface for bidirectional communications between eNBs/gNBs, S1/NG interface for communication between a Mobility Management Entity (MME) /Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) /SGW/UPF and the eNB/gNB, Un interface for communication between the eNB/gNB and a relay node (RN) , or Uu interface for communication between the eNB/gNB and a terminal device.

The program 1830 is assumed to include program instructions that, when executed by the associated processor 1810, enable the device 1800 to operate in accordance with the embodiments of the present disclosure, as discussed herein with reference to FIGS. 1 to 18. The embodiments herein may be implemented by computer software executable by the processor 1810 of the device 1800, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware. The processor 1810 may be configured to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure. Furthermore, a combination of the processor 1810 and memory 1820 may form processing means 1850 adapted to implement various embodiments of the present disclosure.

The memory 1820 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as a non-transitory computer readable storage medium, semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory, as non-limiting examples. While only one memory 1820 is shown in the device 1800, there may be several physically distinct memory modules in the device 1800. The processor 1810 may be of any type suitable to the local technical network, and may include one or more of general purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs) and processors based on multicore processor architecture, as non-limiting examples. The device 1800 may have multiple processors, such as an application specific integrated circuit chip that is slaved in time to a clock which synchronizes the main processor.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: transmit, to a second device, a first message that does not comprise a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) information of the first message; and receive, from the second device, a second message comprising information related to the first message, wherein the information comprises one off a part of the first message, the first message or the CRC information of the first message. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first device as discussed above.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: determine whether a channel coding scheme is applied to a transmission block comprising a message; and transmit, to the second device, the transmission block comprising the message and CRC bits for the message, based on the determination which is blind detected by the second device. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first device as discussed above.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a first device, a transmission block comprising a message, wherein the message is applied with a channel coding scheme or no channel coding scheme; and detect the message based on a first assumption regarding the message is applied with the channel coding scheme or a second assumption regarding the message is applied with no channel coding scheme. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second device as discussed above.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: generate CRC bits for a message; and transmit, to a second device, a transmission block comprising the CRC bits and payload bits of the message, wherein the CRC bits are in front of the payload bits of the message. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first device as discussed above.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a first device, a transmission block comprising CRC bits and payload bits of a message, wherein the CRC bits are in front of the payload bits of the message. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second device as discussed above.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: generate CRC bits for a message; and transmit, to a second device, a transmission block comprising a portion of the CRC bits and payload bits of the message. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the first device as discussed above.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second device comprising a circuitry is provided. The circuitry is configured to: receive, from a first device, a transmission block comprising a portion of CRC bits for a message and payload bits of the message. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, the circuitry may be configured to perform any method implemented by the second device as discussed above.

The term “circuitry” used herein may refer to hardware circuits and/or combinations of hardware circuits and software. For example, the circuitry may be a combination of analog and/or digital hardware circuits with software/firmware. As a further example, the circuitry may be any portions of hardware processors with software including digital signal processor (s) , software, and memory (ies) that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a terminal device or a network device, to perform various functions. In a still further example, the circuitry may be hardware circuits and or processors, such as a microprocessor or a portion of a microprocessor, that requires software/firmware for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation. As used herein, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (s) or a portion of a hardware circuit or processor (s) and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first apparatus is provided. The first apparatus comprises means for transmitting, to a second device, a first message that does not comprise a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) information of the first message; and means for receiving, from the second device, a second message comprising information related to the first message, wherein the information comprises one of: a part of the first message, the first message or the CRC information of the first message. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1100. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1100. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first apparatus is provided. The first apparatus comprises means for determining whether a channel coding scheme is applied to a transmission block comprising a message; and means for transmitting, to the second device, the transmission block comprising the message and CRC bits for the message based on the determination. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1200. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1200. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second apparatus is provided. The second apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a first device, a transmission block comprising a message, wherein the message is applied with a channel coding scheme or no channel coding scheme; and means for detecting the message based on a first assumption regarding the message is applied with the channel coding scheme or a second assumption regarding the message is applied with no channel coding scheme. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1300. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1300. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first apparatus is provided. The first apparatus comprises means for generateing CRC bits for a message; and means for transmitting, to a second device, a transmission block comprising the CRC bits and payload bits of the message, wherein the CRC bits are in front of the payload bits of the message. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1400. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1400. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second apparatus is provided. The second apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a first device, a transmission block comprising CRC bits and payload bits of a message, wherein the CRC bits are in front of the payload bits of the message. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1500. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1500. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a first apparatus is provided. The first apparatus comprises means for generateing CRC bits for a message; and means for transmitting, to a second device, a transmission block comprising a portion of the CRC bits and payload bits of the message. In some embodiments, the first apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1600. In some example embodiments, the first apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1600. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a second apparatus is provided. The second apparatus comprises means for receiving, from a first device, a transmission block comprising a portion of CRC bits for a message and payload bits of the message. In some embodiments, the second apparatus may comprise means for performing the respective operations of the method 1700. In some example embodiments, the second apparatus may further comprise means for performing other operations in some example embodiments of the method 1700. The means may be implemented in any suitable form. For example, the means may be implemented in a circuitry or software module.

In summary, embodiments of the present disclosure provide the following aspects.

In an aspect, it is proposed a first device, comprising: a processor, configured to cause the first device to: transmit, to a second device, a first message that does not comprise a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) information of the first message; and receive, from the second device, a second message comprising information related to the first message, wherein the information comprises one of: a part of the first message, the first message or the CRC information of the first message.

In some embodiments, the first device is caused to: determine whether the information matches with the first message; and based on a determination that the information matches with the first message, transmit a response message to the second device.

In some embodiments, the first device is caused to: determine whether the information matches with the first message; and based on a determination that the information does not with the first message, ignore the second message; or skip a response to the second message, or transmit, to the second device, a third message indicating mismatching between the first message and the information.

In some embodiments, the first device is caused to: receive, from the second device, the followings in sequence: a first part of bits in a first transmission block (TB) , CRC information of the first part of bits and a second part of bits in the first TB.

In some embodiments, the first device is caused to: transmit, to the first device, the followings in sequence: a first part of bits in a second TB, CRC information of the first part of bits and a second part of bits in the second TB.

In some embodiments, the first device is a tag and the second device is a reader, or the first device is a reader and the second device is a tag.

In an aspect, it is proposed a first device, comprising: a processor, configured to cause the first device to: determine whether a channel coding scheme is applied to a transmission block comprising a message; and transmit, to the second device, the transmission block comprising the message and CRC bits for the message based on the determination.

In some embodiments, the first device is caused to: determine CRC bits for the message by adding a plurality of bits which is equal to one before payload bits of the message.

In an aspect, it is proposed a second device, comprising: a processor, configured to cause the second device to: receive, from a first device, a transmission block comprising a message, wherein the message is applied with a channel coding scheme or no channel coding scheme; and detect the message based on a first assumption regarding the message is applied with the channel coding scheme or a second assumption regarding the message is applied with no channel coding scheme.

In some embodiments, the second device is caused to: in accordance with a determination that the message is successfully detected, deliver the message to a higher layer of the second device.

In some embodiments, CRC bits for the message comprise a plurality of bits which is equal to one before payload bits of the message.

In an aspect, it is proposed a first device, comprising: a processor, configured to cause the first device to: generate CRC bits for a message; and transmit, to a second device, a transmission block comprising the CRC bits and payload bits of the message, wherein the CRC bits are in front of the payload bits of the message.

In an aspect, it is proposed a second device, comprising: a processor, configured to cause the second device to: receive, from a first device, a transmission block comprising CRC bits and payload bits of a message, wherein the CRC bits are in front of the payload bits of the message.

In an aspect, it is proposed a first device, comprising: a processor, configured to cause the first device to: generate CRC bits for a message; and transmit, to a second device, a transmission block comprising a portion of the CRC bits and payload bits of the message.

In an aspect, it is proposed a second device, comprising: a processor, configured to cause the second device to: receive, from a first device, a transmission block comprising a portion of CRC bits for a message and payload bits of the message.

In an aspect, a first device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the first device discussed above.

In an aspect, a second device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon, the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second device discussed above.

In an aspect, a second device comprises: at least one processor; and at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor and storing instructions thereon the instructions, when executed by the at least one processor, causing the device to perform the method implemented by the second device discussed above.

In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first device discussed above.

In an aspect, a computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the second device discussed above.

In an aspect, a computer program comprising instructions, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method implemented by the first device discussed above.

Generally, various embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuits, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some aspects may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device. While various aspects of embodiments of the present disclosure are illustrated and described as block diagrams, flowcharts, or using some other pictorial representation, it will be appreciated that the blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.

The present disclosure also provides at least one computer program product tangibly stored on a non-transitory computer readable storage medium. The computer program product includes computer-executable instructions, such as those included in program modules, being executed in a device on a target real or virtual processor, to carry out the process or method as described above with reference to FIGS. 1 to 18. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, libraries, objects, classes, components, data structures, or the like that perform particular tasks or implement particular abstract data types. The functionality of the program modules may be combined or split between program modules as desired in various embodiments. Machine-executable instructions for program modules may be executed within a local or distributed device. In a distributed device, program modules may be located in both local and remote storage media.

Program code for carrying out methods of the present disclosure may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program codes may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus, such that the program codes, when executed by the processor or controller, cause the functions/operations specified in the flowcharts and/or block diagrams to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on a machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.

The above program code may be embodied on a machine readable medium, which may be any tangible medium that may contain, or store a program for use by or in connection with an instruction execution system, apparatus, or device. The machine readable medium may be a machine readable signal medium or a machine readable storage medium. A machine readable medium may include but not limited to an electronic, magnetic, optical, electromagnetic, infrared, or semiconductor system, apparatus, or device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. More specific examples of the machine readable storage medium would include an electrical connection having one or more wires, a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory) , an optical fiber, a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM) , an optical storage device, a magnetic storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing.

Further, while operations are depicted in a particular order, this should not be understood as requiring that such operations be performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, or that all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve des irable results. In certain circumstances, multitasking and parallel processing may be advantageous. Likewise, while several specific implementation details are contained in the above discussions, these should not be construed as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure, but rather as descriptions of features that may be specific to particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in the context of separate embodiments may also be implemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are described in the context of a single embodiment may also be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in any suitable sub-combination.

Although the present disclosure has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the present disclosure defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.

Claims

A first device, comprising:

a processor, configured to cause the first device to:

transmit, to a second device, a first message that does not comprise a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) information of the first message; and

receive, from the second device, a second message comprising information related to the first message, wherein the information comprises one of: a part of the first message, the first message or the CRC information of the first message.
The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is caused to:

determine whether the information matches with the first message; and

based on a determination that the information matches with the first message, transmit a response message to the second device.
The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is caused to:

determine whether the information matches with the first message; and

based on a determination that the information does not with the first message, ignore the second message; or

skip a response to the second message, or

transmit, to the second device, a third message indicating mismatching between the first message and the information.
The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is caused to:

receive, from the second device, the followings in sequence: a first part of bits in a first transmission block (TB) , CRC information of the first part of bits and a second part of bits in the first TB.
The first device of claim 1, wherein the first device is caused to:

transmit, to the first device, the followings in sequence: a first part of bits in a second TB, CRC information of the first part of bits and a second part of bits in the second TB.
The first device of any of claims 1-5, wherein the first device is a tag and the second device is a reader, or the first device is a reader and the second device is a tag.
A first device, comprising:

a processor, configured to cause the first device to:

determine whether a channel coding scheme is applied to a transmission block comprising a message; and

transmit, to the second device, the transmission block comprising the message and cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits for the message based on the determination.
The first device of claim 7, wherein the first device is caused to:

determine CRC bits for the message by adding a plurality of bits which is equal to one before payload bits of the message.
A second device, comprising:

a processor, configured to cause the second device to:

receive, from a first device, a transmission block comprising a message, wherein the message is applied with a channel coding scheme or no channel coding scheme; and

detect the message based on a first assumption regarding the message is applied with the channel coding scheme or a second assumption regarding the message is applied with no channel coding scheme.
The second device of claim 9, wherein the second device is caused to:

in accordance with a determination that the message is successfully detected, deliver the message to a higher layer of the second device.
The second device of claim 9 or 10, wherein CRC bits for the message comprise a plurality of bits which is equal to one before payload bits of the message.
A first device, comprising:

a processor, configured to cause the first device to:

generate cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits for a message; and

transmit, to a second device, a transmission block comprising the CRC bits and payload bits of the message, wherein the CRC bits are in front of the payload bits of the message.
A second device, comprising:

a processor, configured to cause the second device to:

receive, from a first device, a transmission block comprising cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits and payload bits of a message, wherein the CRC bits are in front of the payload bits of the message.
A first device, comprising:

a processor, configured to cause the first device to:

generate cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits for a message; and

transmit, to a second device, a transmission block comprising a portion of the CRC bits and payload bits of the message.
A second device, comprising:

a processor, configured to cause the second device to:

receive, from a first device, a transmission block comprising a portion of cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits for a message and payload bits of the message.
A communication method implemented at a first device, comprising:

transmitting, to a second device, a first message that does not comprise a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) information of the first message; and

receiving, from the second device, a second message comprising information related to the first message, wherein the information comprises one of: a part of the first message, the first message or the CRC information of the first message.
A communication method implemented at a first device, comprising:

determining whether a channel coding scheme is applied to a transmission block comprising a message; and

transmitting, to the second device, the transmission block comprising the message and CRC bits for the message, based on the determination which is blind detected by the second device.
A communication method implemented at a second device, comprising:

receiving, from a first device, a tr, wherein the message is applied with a channel coding scheme or no channel coding scheme; and

detecting the message based on a first assumption regarding the message is applied with the channel coding scheme or a second assumption regarding the message is applied with no channel coding scheme.
A computer readable medium having instructions stored thereon, the instructions, when executed on at least one processor, causing the at least one processor to perform the method according to any of claims 16-18.