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WO2025250896A1 - Oxygen-based topical compositions - Google Patents

Oxygen-based topical compositions

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Publication number
WO2025250896A1
WO2025250896A1 PCT/US2025/031587 US2025031587W WO2025250896A1 WO 2025250896 A1 WO2025250896 A1 WO 2025250896A1 US 2025031587 W US2025031587 W US 2025031587W WO 2025250896 A1 WO2025250896 A1 WO 2025250896A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
weight
composition
torr
formulation
present
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/US2025/031587
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Beverly SIDDERS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cutagenesis LLC
Original Assignee
Cutagenesis LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cutagenesis LLC filed Critical Cutagenesis LLC
Publication of WO2025250896A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025250896A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/33—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing oxygen
    • A61K8/34—Alcohols
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/55—Phosphorus compounds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/64—Proteins; Peptides; Derivatives or degradation products thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/30—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds
    • A61K8/69—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing fluorine
    • A61K8/70—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing organic compounds containing fluorine containing perfluoro groups, e.g. perfluoroethers
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
    • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
    • A61K8/92—Oils, fats or waxes; Derivatives thereof, e.g. hydrogenation products thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
    • A61P17/10—Anti-acne agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
    • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin

Definitions

  • compositions comprising perfluorodecalin, a phospholipid source, water, wax, glycerin, vitamin E, one or more moisturizers, and one or more of pomegranate seed oil, a peptide formulation, sodium hyaluronate, salicylic acid, alcohol, and a pH adjustor.
  • compositions comprising: (a) perfluorodecalin; (b) a phospholipid source; (c) water; (d) a wax; (e) glycerin; (f) vitamin E; (g) one or more moisturizers; (h) pomegranate seed oil; (i) a peptide formulation comprising Gly-His-Lys and copper; (j) sodium hyaluronate; and k) a pH adjustor.
  • the phospholipid source comprises hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine.
  • the phospholipid source comprises from 90 % to 100 % phospholipids by weight.
  • the phospholipid source is hydrogenated soybean lecithin containing not less than 90 % phosphatidylcholine by weight.
  • the one or more moisturizers are selected from any one of (i) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol; (ii) 1,2-pentanediol, and (iii) panthenol.
  • the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine;
  • the one or more moisturizers are (i) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol; (ii) 1,2-pentanediol, and (iii) panthenol; and the pH adjustor is L-arginine.
  • the composition comprise from about 0.1 % to about 0.5 % or from about 0.1 % to about 0.4 % vitamin E by weight.
  • the compositions comprise from about 5 % to about 40 %, from about 5 % to about 35 %, from about 5 % to about 30 %, from about 5 % to about 25 %, from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, from about 5 % to about 10 %, from about 10 % to about 40 %, from about 10 % to about 35 %, from about 10 % to about 30 %, from about 10% to about 25%, from about 10 % to about 20 %, or from about 10 % to about 15 % perfluorodecalin by weight.
  • the compositions comprise from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, or from about 5 % to about 10 % of the phospholipid source by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 0.5 % of pomegranate seed oil by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.05 % to about 0.15 % by weight of the peptide formulation comprising Gly-His-Lys and copper (II). In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.0025 % to about 0.0075 % by weight of sodium hyaluronate.
  • the compositions comprise (a) from about 10 % to about 40 % perfluorodecalin by weight; (b) from about 5 % to about 15 % of a phospholipid source by weight, wherein the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine; (c) from about 20 % to about 50 % water by weight; [0005] (d) from about 1 % to about 5 % wax by weight; (e) from about 10 % to about 30 % glycerin by weight; (f) from 0.1 % to about 0.4 % vitamin E by weight; (g) one or more moisturizers, wherein the one or more moisturizers are (i) a formulation comprising 1,2- hexanediol and caprylyl glycol; (ii) 1,2-pentanediol, and (iii) panthenol; wherein the formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol is present at about 0.5
  • compositions comprise or consist of: (a) about 30 % perfluorodecalin by weight; (b) about 10 % of a phospholipid source by weight, wherein the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine; (c) about 32.4 % water by weight; (d) about 3 % wax by weight; (e) about 20 % glycerin by weight; (f) about 0.25 % vitamin E by weight; (g) one or more moisturizers, wherein the one or more moisturizers are (i) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol; (ii) 1,2-pentanediol, and (iii) panthenol; wherein the formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol is present at about 1 % by weight; wherein 1,2-pentanediol is present at about 2 % by weight; wherein panthenol is present at about
  • compositions comprising: (a) perfluorodecalin; (b) a phospholipid source; (c) water; d) a wax; (e) glycerin; (f) vitamin E; (g) one or more moisturizers; (h) sodium hyaluronate; (i) alcohol; (j) salicylic acid; (k) a formulation comprising 69.66 % silica dimethyl silylate, 20.23 % sodium chondroitin sulfate, and 10.11 % atelocollagen by weight; and (l) a pH adjustor.
  • the phospholipid source comprises hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine.
  • the phospholipid source comprises from 90 % to 100 % phospholipids by weight.
  • the phospholipid source is hydrogenated soybean lecithin containing not less than 90 % phosphatidylcholine by weight.
  • the one or more moisturizers are selected from any one of (i) butylene glycol, (ii) panthenol, (iii) squalane, (iv) C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate, (v) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol, and (vi) 1,2-pentanediol.
  • the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine;
  • the one or more moisturizers are i) butylene glycol, (ii) panthenol, (iii) squalane, (iv) C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate, (v) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol, and (vi) 1,2-pentanediol; and the pH adjustor is L-arginine.
  • the compositions comprise from about 0.4 % to about 0.8 % of pH adjustor by weight.
  • the compositions comprise from about 5 % to about 40 %, from about 5 % to about 35 %, from about 5 % to about 30 %, from about 5 % to about 25 %, from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, from about 5 % to about 10 %, from about 10 % to about 40 %, from about 10 % to about 35 %, from about 10 % to about 30 %, from about 10% to about 25%, from about 10 % to about 20 %, or from about 10 % to about 15 % perfluorodecalin by weight.
  • the compositions comprise from about 1 % to about 10 %, from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, or from about 5 % to about 10 % of the phospholipid source by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 1 % to about 5 % of alcohol by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 1 % to about 3 % of salicylic acid by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.0025 % to about 0.0075 % by weight of sodium hyaluronate.
  • the compositions comprise (a) from about 10 % to about 30 % of perfluorodecalin by weight; (b) from about 1 % to about 10 % of a phospholipid source by weight, wherein the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine; (c) from about 35 % to about 70 % water by weight; (d) from about 2.1 % to about 4 % wax by weight; (e) from about 1.5 % to about 2.5 % glycerin by weight; (f) from about 0.25 % to about 0.75 % vitamin E by weight; (g) one or more moisturizers, wherein the one or more moisturizers are (i) butylene glycol, (ii) panthenol, (iii) squalane, (iv) C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate, (v) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol, and (vi) 1,2-pentanediol
  • the compositions comprise or consist of (a) about 20 % of perfluorodecalin by weight; (b) about 6.6 % of a phospholipid source by weight, wherein the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine; (c) about 51.4 % water by weight; (d) about 3 % wax by weight; (e) about 2 % glycerin by weight; (f) about 0.5 % vitamin E by weight; (g) one or more moisturizers, wherein the one or more moisturizers are (i) butylene glycol, (ii) panthenol, (iii) squalane, (iv) C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate, (v) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol, and (vi) 1,2-pentanediol; wherein butylene glycol is present at about 5 % by weight; wherein panthenol is present at about 0.9 %
  • the alcohol contains 95 % alcohol by volume. In embodiments, the alcohol is ethanol.
  • wound dressings, acne patches, lotions, creams, gels, or liquids comprising the compositions described herein.
  • methods of treating acne and wounds comprising administering the compositions described herein to a subject in need thereof.
  • methods of stimulating hair growth comprising administering the compositions described herein to a subject in need thereof.
  • the subject is a human.
  • Figs.1A-1B show the effect of treatment with Composition 1 on 30-day survival after 9.0 Gy RCI or 9.3 Gy RCI. Shown here are Kaplan-Meier survival curves for RCI mice exposed to 9.0 Gy (Fig. 1A) or 9.3 Gy (Fig.1B), treated with either Composition 1 or vehicle at 24 hours post-TBI, applied once daily until wound closure.
  • RCI radiation combined injury
  • Veh Vehicle.
  • FIGS. 2A-2D show the effects of Composition 1 on skin wound healing after wound alone, 9.0 Gy RCI, or 9.3 Gy RCI.
  • Figs. 2A-2C show the percentage of skin wound closure (%) over time (day 1 to day 28 post-TBI) from mice exposed to skin wounding (Fig. 2A), 9.0 Gy RCI (Fig.2B), and 9.3 Gy RCI (Fig.2C) treated with Composition 1 or vehicle.
  • B wound linear healing rate for mice exposed to skin wounding, 9.0 Gy RCI, or 9.3 Gy RCI with Composition 1 or vehicle treatment between day 0 and day 7. Data are presented as mean ⁇ SEM. Wound: skin wounding alone; RCI: radiation combined with skin injury; Veh: Vehicle. *, p ⁇ 0.05, Composition 1 vs.
  • Figs.3A-3C show the effect of Composition 1 on body weight loss after wound alone, 9.0 Gy RCI, or 9.3 Gy RCI. Shown here are body weights (grams) over time (day 0 to day 28 post-TBI) from mice that received Composition 1or vehicle subjected to skin wounding alone (Fig. 3A), 9.0 Gy RCI (Fig.3B), or 9.3 Gy RCI (Fig.3C). Data are presented as mean ⁇ SEM. Wound: skin wounding alone; RCI: radiation combined with skin injury; Veh: vehicle.
  • Fig.4 shows blood cell counts from Composition 1- or vehicle-treated mice on day 30 after sham, skin wounding, 9.0 Gy RCI, or 9.3 Gy RCI: white blood cells (WBC); neutrophils (NEU); lymphocytes (LYM); monocytes (MONO); eosinophils (EOS); basophils (BAS); red blood cells (RBC); hemoglobin (HGB); hematocrit (HCT); platelets (PLT). Data are presented as mean ⁇ SEM.
  • Figs. 5A-5B show the effects of Composition 1 treatment on spleen weights and splenocyte counts on day 30 after wounding alone or RCI.
  • Fig. 5A shows spleen weight measurements
  • Fig. 5B shows Splenocyte counts per spleen. Data are presented as mean ⁇ SEM. Sham: sham injury; Wound: skin wounding alone; RCI: radiation combined with skin RCI. A: Spleen weight measurements.
  • B Splenocyte counts per spleen. Data are presented as mean ⁇ SEM.
  • An oxygen-based emulsion such as a Supersaturated Oxygen Emulsion (SSOE) described in detail herein is a biocompatible emulsion comprising perfluorodecalin (PFD), and is manufactured in hyperbaric conditions and configured to rapidly and continuously release oxygen.
  • SSOE technology harnesses high levels of oxygen with proven stability over time and delivers oxygen to targeted tissue with rapid and sustainable release.
  • Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are inert chemicals with great biocompatibility and oxygen- dissolving capacity. At room temperature, the solubility of oxygen (O2) is 40% or more in PFC, compared to 2.5% in water, 2.5% in plasma, and 20% in whole blood.
  • PFD has been most widely used in medical applications due to its high oxygen-carrying capacity, dissolving 49 mL of oxygen per 100 mL of PFD at room temperature and pressure.
  • PFCs including PFD are hydrophobic and therefore must be emulsified to promote water solubility.
  • Embodiments described herein include use of two surfactants, Phospholipon 90H and Polawax, to emulsify the PFD emulsion but are not so limited.
  • topical composition refers to any formulation that is applied [0020] to the skin.
  • topical application is application of a topical composition to the skin (e.g., by applying and gently rubbing into skin surface).
  • “treat” or “treating” means one or more of relieving, alleviating, delaying, reducing, reversing, improving, or managing at least one symptom of a disease, disorder, or concern in a subject.
  • the disease, disorder, or concern is acne or a wound.
  • phospholipid source refers to a composition comprising at least 85 % phospholipids by weight.
  • Fluorocarbon as used herein includes a fluorinated hydrocarbon in which at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by a fluorine atom.
  • Perfluorocarbon as used herein includes a substantially fluorinated or completely fluorinated material which is generally, but not necessarily, a liquid at ambient temperature and pressure and which has the ability to transport gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide.
  • substantially fluorinated as used herein includes that most of the hydrogen atoms of a compound have been replaced by fluorine atoms, such that further replacement does not substantially increase the gas transport capability of the material.
  • Embodision as used herein includes a system comprising a liquid dispersed with or without an emulsifier in an immiscible liquid in a form of stable (non-coalescing) droplets or microdroplets.
  • Continuous phase as used herein includes the carrier phase of an emulsion, wherein the fluid elements are in continuous contact and not isolated from one another.
  • Dispersed phase as used herein includes the phase of an emulsion, wherein the fluid elements are discrete and isolated from one another, as in the form of droplets or microdroplets, or contained within micelles.
  • Thickening agent as used herein includes a chemical agent having the property that, when added to a liquid mixture, increases its viscosity, or resistance to flow.
  • “Viscous solution” as used herein includes a solution with viscosity greater than about 50 cp, and which may or may not be dependent upon applied shear and/or temperature.
  • “Gel” as used herein includes a semisolid that behaves like a solid at rest. Gels may flow at higher shear rates due to their shear thinning properties. The viscosity of gels may range from a thickened pourable liquid gel to a soft solid stick.
  • Liquid Crystals as used herein includes orderly planes of oil and water separated by layers of surfactant. Under certain conditions, a combination of oil, water and surfactant will, instead of forming micelles, result in the formation of such liquid crystals.
  • the liquid crystals may co-exist with regular emulsions.
  • the presence of liquid crystals enhances the stability of the emulsion due to the formation of a covering “skin” around the droplets and also due to the formation of a three-dimensional network through the continuous phase.
  • the covering “skin” prevents the coalescence of droplets.
  • a layered structure also reduces the van der Waals attraction between the droplets, inhibiting coalescence.
  • the three-dimensional network reduces the ability of the droplets to move within the continuous phase.
  • compositions described herein may comprise one or more of the following ingredients: (i) a formulation comprising about 69.66 % silica dimethyl silylate, about 20.23 % sodium chondroitin sulfate; (ii) alcohol; (iii) butylene glycol; (iv) C12-15 alkyl benzoate; (v) water; (vi) panthenol; (vii) a peptide formulation; (viii) glycerin; (ix) sodium hyaluronate or hyaluronic acid; (x) 1,2-pentanediol; (xi) a pH adjuster; (xii) perfluorodecalin; (xiii) a phospholipid source; (xiv) wax; (xv) pomegranate seed oil; (xvi) salicylic acid; (xvii) squalane; (xviii) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol
  • compositions described herein comprise a formulation comprising about 69.66 % silica dimethyl silylate, about 20.23 % sodium chondroitin sulfate, and about 10.11 % atelocollagen by weight (e.g., AC MARINE PROTEIN PURE SPHERES).
  • the compositions described herein comprise from about 0.01% to about 0.1% by weight, from about 0.02% to about 0.1% by weight, from about 0.03 % to about 0.1 % by weight, from about 0.04 % to about 0.1%, from about 0.05 % to about 0.1%, from about 0.06 % to about 0.1%, from about 0.07% to about 0.1%, from about 0.08% to about 0.1%, about from about 0.03% to about 0.06%, or from about 0.04% to about 0.06% of the atelocollagen formulation by weight.
  • compositions comprise about 0.01%, about 0.015%, about 0.02%, about 0.025%, about 0.03%, about 0.035%, about 0.04%, about 0.045%, about 0.05%, about 0.055%, about 0.06%, about 0.065%, about 0.07%, about 0.075%, about 0.08%, about 0.085%, about 0.09%, about 0.095%, or about 0.1% of the atelocollagen formulation by weight of the composition.
  • the compositions described herein comprise alcohol.
  • the alcohol is denatured.
  • the alcohol is from about 80 proof to about 300 proof alcohol.
  • the alcohol is about 80 proof, about 85 proof, about 90 proof, about 95 proof, about 100 proof, about 105 proof, about 110 proof, about 115 proof, about 120 proof, about 125 proof, about 130 proof, about 135 proof, about 140 proof, about 145 proof, about 150 proof, about 155 proof, about 160 proof, about 165 proof, about 170 proof, about 175 proof, about 180 proof, about 185 proof, about 190 proof, about 195 proof, about 200 proof, about 205 proof, about 210 proof, about 215 proof, about 220 proof, about 225 proof, about 230 proof, about 235 proof, about 240 proof, about 245 proof, about 250 proof, about 255 proof, about 260 proof, about 265 proof, about 270 proof, about 275 proof, about 280 proof, about 285 proof, about 290 proof, about 295 proof, or about 300 proof.
  • the composition comprises 190 proof alcohol (e.g., ETHANOL SDA 40B 190 Proof).
  • the composition comprises alcohol comprising 95 % alcohol by volume.
  • the alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, or pentanol.
  • the alcohol is an alcohol suitable for topical administration to the skin.
  • the alcohol is ethanol.
  • the compositions comprise from about 1 % to about 5 % alcohol by weight.
  • the compositions comprise about 1%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, about 2%, about 2.1%, about 2.2%, about 2.3%, about 2.4%, about 2.5%, about 2.6%, about 2.7%, about 2.8%, about 2.9%, about 3%, about 3.1%, about 3.2%, about 3.3%, about 3.4%, about 3.5%, about 3.6%, about 3.7%, about 3.8%, about 3.9%, about 4%, about 4.1%, about 4.2%, about 4.3%, about 4.4%, about 4.5%, about 4.6%, about 4.7%, about 4.8%, about 4.9%, or about 5% alcohol by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween.
  • compositions comprise about 3 % alcohol by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 3 % alcohol by weight, wherein the alcohol is denatured alcohol comprising 95 % alcohol by volume. [0035] In embodiments, the compositions described herein comprise butylene glycol.
  • the compositions comprise from about 1% to about 10%, from about 1% to about 8%, from about 2% to about 8%, or from about 3% to about 7% butylene glycol by weight
  • the compositions comprise about 1%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, about 2%, about 2.1%, about 2.2%, about 2.3%, about 2.4%, about 2.5%, about 2.6%, about 2.7%, about 2.8%, about 2.9%, about 3%, about 3.1%, about 3.2%, about 3.3%, about 3.4%, about 3.5%, about 3.6%, about 3.7%, about 3.8%, about 3.9%, about 4%, about 4.1%, about 4.2%, about 4.3%, about 4.4%, about 4.5%, about 4.6%, about 4.7%, about 4.8%, about 4.9%, about 5%, about 5.1%, about 5.2%, about 5.3%, about 5.4%, about 5.5%, about 5.6%, about 5.7%, about 5.8%, about
  • the compositions comprise about 5% butylene glycol by weight.
  • the compositions comprise C12-15 alkyl benzoate.
  • C12-15 alkyl benzoate has the chemical structure of: , wherein R is a primary or branched alkyl group containing from 12 carbons to 15 carbons.
  • the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 2 % C12-15 alkyl benzoate by weight.
  • the compositions comprise about 0.1%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, or about 2% C12-15 alkyl benzoate by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween.
  • the compositions comprise about 1 % C12-15 alkyl benzoate by weight.
  • the compositions comprise water.
  • the compositions comprise from about 20 % to about 70 % of water by weight.
  • the compositions comprise about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, about 25%, about 26%, about 27%, about 28%, about 29%, about 30%, about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39%, about 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, about 50%, about 51%, about 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, about 64%, about 65%, about 66%, about 67%, about 68%, about 69%, or about 70% water by weight.
  • the compositions comprise about 51.4 % water by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 32.4 % water by weight. [0038] In embodiments, the compositions comprise panthenol (i.e., 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3- hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide). In embodiments, the compositions comprise D- panthenol. In embodiments, the compositions comprise L-panthenol. In embodiments, the compositions comprise a mixture of D-panthenol and L-panthenol. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1% to about 2 % panthenol by weight.
  • panthenol i.e., 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3- hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide.
  • the compositions comprise D- panthenol.
  • the compositions comprise L-panthenol.
  • the compositions comprise a mixture of D-panthenol
  • the compositions comprise about 0.1%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, or about 2.0% panthenol by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween.
  • the compositions comprise about 0.9 % panthenol by weight.
  • the compositions comprise about 0.5 % panthenol by weight by weight.
  • the compositions comprise a peptide formulation.
  • the peptide formulation comprises the peptide Gly-His-Lys. In embodiments, the peptide formulation comprises the peptide Gly-His-Lys-Gly-His-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 1). In embodiments, the peptide is complexed to a metal ion. In embodiments, metal ion is copper, silver, or tin. In embodiments, the metal ion is copper (I) or copper (II). In embodiments, the peptide formulation comprises copper (II) acetate or copper (I) acetate.
  • the peptide formulation comprises the peptide Gly-His-Lys or Gly-His-Lys-Gly-His-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 1) and copper (II) acetate.
  • the peptide formulation comprises the peptide Gly-His-Lys Lys or Gly-His-Lys-Gly-His-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 1) and copper (I) acetate.
  • the compositions comprise from about 0.01 % to about 1 %, 0.01 % to about 0.5 %, or from about 0.05 % to about 0.15 % of the peptide formulation by weight.
  • the composition comprises about 0.01%, about 0.02%, about 0.03%, about 0.04%, about 0.05%, about 0.06%, about 0.07%, about 0.08%, about 0.09%, about 0.1%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, about 0.3%, about 0.31%, about 0.32%, about 0.33%, about 0.34%, about 0.35%, about 0.36%, about 0.37%, about 0.38%, about 0.39%, about 0.4%, about 0.41%, about 0.42%, about 0.43%, about 0.44%, about 0.45%, about 0.46%, about 0.47%, about 0.48%, about 0.49%, about 0.5%, about 0.51%,
  • the compositions comprise about 0.1 % by weight of the peptide formulation.
  • the compositions comprise glycerin.
  • the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 30 %, from about 0.1 % to about 25 %, from about 0.1 % to about 20 %, from about 15 % to about 25 %, or from about 1 % to about 3 % glycerin by weight.
  • the compositions comprise about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, about 25%, about 26%, about 27%, about 28%, about 29%, or about 30% glycerin by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween.
  • the glycerin is from about 99 % to about 100 % pure. In embodiments, the glycerin is about 99.5 %, about 99.6 %, about 99.7%, about 99.8%, about 99.9 %, or about 100% pure. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 2 % glycerin by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 20 % glycerin by weight. [0041] In embodiments, the compositions comprise hyaluronic acid or sodium hyaluronate. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 1 % by weight of 1 % hyaluronic acid or sodium hyaluronate.
  • the compositions comprise about 0.1%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, about 0.3%, about 0.31%, about 0.32%, about 0.33%, about 0.34%, about 0.35%, about 0.36%, about 0.37%, about 0.38%, about 0.39%, about 0.4%, about 0.41%, about 0.42%, about 0.43%, about 0.44%, about 0.45%, about 0.46%, about 0.47%, about 0.48%, about 0.49%, about 0.5%, about 0.51%, about 0.52%, about 0.53%, about 0.54%, about 0.55%, about 0.56%, about 0.57%, about 0.58%, about 0.59%, about 0.6%,
  • compositions comprise about 0.5 % by weight of 1 % hyaluronic acid or sodium hyaluronate. [0042] In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.001 % to about 0.1 % by weight of hyaluronic acid or sodium hyaluronate.
  • the compositions comprise about 0.001%, about 0.002%, about 0.003%, about 0.004%, about 0.005%, about 0.006%, about 0.007%, about 0.008%, about 0.009%, about 0.01%, about 0.011%, about 0.012%, about 0.013%, about 0.014%, about 0.015%, about 0.016%, about 0.017%, about 0.018%, about 0.019%, about 0.02%, about 0.021%, about 0.022%, about 0.023%, about 0.024%, about 0.025%, about 0.026%, about 0.027%, about 0.028%, about 0.029%, about 0.03%, about 0.031%, about 0.032%, about 0.033%, about 0.034%, about 0.035%, about 0.036%, about 0.037%, about 0.038%, about 0.039%, about 0.04%, about 0.041%, about 0.042%, about 0.043%, about 0.044%, about 0.045%, about 0.046%, about 0.047%, about 0.048%, about 0.049%, about 0.01%,
  • the compositions comprise about 0.005 % by weight of hyaluronic acid or sodium hyaluronate.
  • the compositions comprise 1,2-pentanediol (e.g., HYDROLITE 5).
  • the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 5 %, from about 1 % to about 5 %, or from about 1 % to about 3 % of 1,2-pentanediol by weight.
  • the compositions comprise about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, about 2%, about 2.1%, about 2.2%, about 2.3%, about 2.4%, about 2.5%, about 2.6%, about 2.7%, about 2.8%, about 2.9%, about 3%, about 3.1%, about 3.2%, about 3.3%, about 3.4%, about 3.5%, about 3.6%, about 3.7%, about 3.8%, about 3.9%, about 4%, about 4.1%, about 4.2%, about 4.3%, about 4.4%, about 4.5%, about 4.6%, about 4.7%, about 4.8%, about 4.9%, about 5% of 1,2- pentanediol by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween.
  • the compositions comprise about 2 % of 1,2-pentanediol by weight.
  • the compositions comprise a pH adjuster.
  • the pH adjuster is L-arginine.
  • the compositions comprise from about 0.01 % to about 0.1 %, from about 0.4 % to about 0.8 %, from about 0.2 % to about 1 %, from about 0.01 % to about 2 % of L-arginine by weight.
  • the compositions comprise about 0.01%, about 0.02%, about 0.03%, about 0.04%, about 0.05%, about 0.06%, about 0.07%, about 0.08%, about 0.09%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, about 2% of L- arginine by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween.
  • the compositions comprise about 0.6 % of L-arginine by weight.
  • the compositions comprise about 0.05 % of L-arginine by weight. [0045] In embodiments, the compositions comprise perfluorodecalin. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 5 % to about 40 %, from about 10 % to about 40 %, from about 10 % to about 30 %, from 10 % to about 20 %, or from about 20 % to about 40 % of perfluorodecalin by weight.
  • the compositions comprise about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, about 25%, about 26%, about 27%, about 28%, about 29%, about 30%, about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39%, about 40% perfluorodecalin by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 20 % perfluorodecalin by weight.
  • the compositions comprise about 30 % perfluorodecalin by weight. In embodiments, the perfluorodecalin is from about 90 % to 100 % pure. In embodiments, the perfluorodecalin is about 90 %, about 91 %, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or 100 % pure.
  • the compositions comprise a phospholipid source (e.g., PHOSPHOLIPON 90H). In embodiments, the phospholipid source comprises from about 90 % to about 100 % of phospholipids by weight. In embodiments, the phospholipid source comprises a hydrogenated phospholipid.
  • the phospholipid source comprises hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine.
  • the compositions comprise from about 1 % to about 20 %, from about 3 % to about 10 %, from about 5 % to about 7 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, or from about 8 % to about 12 % of phospholipid source by weight.
  • the compositions comprise about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20% of phospholipid source by weight.
  • the compositions comprise 6.6 % phospholipid source by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise 10 % phospholipid source by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise 6.6 % or 10 % phospholipid source by weight, wherein the phospholipid source comprises from 90 % to 100 % phosphatidylcholine. In embodiments, the phospholipid source is hydrogenated soybean lecithin containing not less than 90 % phosphatidylcholine. [0047] In embodiments, the compositions comprise wax (e.g., SP POLAWAXITM NF MBAL-PA-(MH)). In embodiments, the wax comprises a blend of fatty alcohol and ethoxylated sorbitan ester.
  • wax e.g., SP POLAWAXITM NF MBAL-PA-(MH)
  • the wax comprises a blend of fatty alcohol and ethoxylated sorbitan ester.
  • the wax comprises cetearyl alcohol and/or polysorbate 60. In embodiments, the wax comprises from about 70 % to 80 % cetearyl alcohol and about 20 to about 30 % polysorbate 60 by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.5 % to about 5 %, from about 1 % to about 5 %, or from about 2 % to about 4 % of wax by weight.
  • the compositions comprise about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, about 2%, about 2.1%, about 2.2%, about 2.3%, about 2.4%, about 2.5%, about 2.6%, about 2.7%, about 2.8%, about 2.9%, about 3%, about 3.1%, about 3.2%, about 3.3%, about 3.4%, about 3.5%, about 3.6%, about 3.7%, about 3.8%, about 3.9%, about 4%, about 4.1%, about 4.2%, about 4.3%, about 4.4%, about 4.5%, about 4.6%, about 4.7%, about 4.8%, about 4.9%, or about 5% wax by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween.
  • the compositions comprise about 3 % wax by weight.
  • the compositions comprise pomegranate seed oil.
  • pomegranate seed oil is made by pressing or extracting pomegranate seeds (seeds from the plant Punica granatum) using mechanical pressure, carbon dioxide, or other solvents.
  • pomegranate seed oil comprises triglycerides.
  • the pomegranate seed oil comprises a linolenic fatty acid.
  • the pomegranate seed oil comprises from about 50 % to about 100 %, from about 50 % to about 90 %, from about 50 % to about 80 %, from about 50 % to about 70 %, or from about 60 % to about 80 % linolenic fatty acid by weight, including about 50%, about 51%, about 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, about 64%, about 65%, about 66%, about 67%, about 68%, about 69%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, about 76%, about 77%, about 78%, about 79%, about 80%, about 81%, about 82%, about 83%, about 84%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90 %, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%,
  • the linolenic fatty acid is punicic acid.
  • the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 0.5 % pomegranate seed oil by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.1%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, about 0.3%, about 0.31%, about 0.32%, about 0.33%, about 0.34%, about 0.35%, about 0.36%, about 0.37%, about 0.38%, about 0.39%, about 0.4%, about 0.41%, about 0.42%, about 0.43%, about 0.44%, about 0.45%, about 0.46%, about 0.47%, about 0.48%, about 0.49%, or about 0.
  • the compositions comprise about 0.25% pomegranate seed oil by weight.
  • the compositions comprise rosemary extract.
  • the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 0.5 % rosemary extract by weight.
  • the compositions comprise about 0.1%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, about 0.3%, about 0.31%, about 0.32%, about 0.33%, about 0.34%, about 0.35%, about 0.36%, about 0.37%, about 0.38%, about 0.39%, about 0.4%, about 0.41%, about 0.42%, about 0.43%, about 0.44%, about 0.45%, about 0.46%, about 0.47%, about
  • the compositions comprise about 0.25% rosemary extract by weight.
  • the compositions comprise salicylic acid.
  • the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 5 % salicylic acid by weight.
  • the compositions comprise about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, about 2%, about 2.1%, about 2.2%, about 2.3%, about 2.4%, about 2.5%, about 2.6%, about 2.7%, about 2.8%, about 2.9%, about 3%, about 3.1%, about 3.2%, about 3.3%, about 3.4%, about 3.5%, about 3.6%, about 3.7%, about 3.8%, about 3.9%, about 4%, about 4.1%, about 4.2%, about 4.3%, about 4.4%, about 4.5%, about 4.6%, about 4.7%
  • the compositions comprise about 2 % salicylic acid.
  • the compositions comprise squalane.
  • the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 1 % squalane by weight.
  • the compositions comprise about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, or about 1% squalane by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween.
  • the compositions comprise about 0.5 % squalane by weight.
  • the compositions comprise a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol (e.g., SYMDIOL 68).
  • compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 5 %, from about 0.5 % to about 1.5%, or from about 0.1 % to about 2 % by weight of the formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol.
  • the compositions comprise about about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, about 2%, about 2.1%, about 2.2%, about 2.3%, about 2.4%, about 2.5%, about 2.6%, about 2.7%, about 2.8%, about 2.9%, about 3%, about 3.1%, about 3.2%, about 3.3%, about 3.4%, about 3.5%, about 3.6%, about 3.7%, about 3.8%, about 3.9%, about 4%, about 4.1%, about 4.2%, about 4.3%, about 4.4%, about 4.5%, about 4.6%, about 4.7%, about 4.8%, about 4.9%, or about 5% of the formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol, including all values and ranges therebetween.
  • the compositions comprise about 1 % by weight of the formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol.
  • the compositions comprise vitamin E.
  • the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 1 %, from about 0.1 % to about 0.9%, from about 0.1% to about 0.8%, from about 0.1% to about 0.7%, from about 0.1% to about 0.6%, from about 0.1% to about 0.5%, from about 0.1% to about 0.4%, from about 0.1% to about 0.3%, from about 0.4% to about 0.6%, or from about 0.2% to about 0.3% of vitamin E.
  • the compositions comprise about 0.01%, about 0.02%, about 0.03%, about 0.04%, about 0.05%, about 0.06%, about 0.07%, about 0.08%, about 0.09%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, or about 1% of vitamin E, including all values and ranges therebetween.
  • the compositions comprise about 0.5% vitamin E by weight.
  • the compositions comprise about 0.25% vitamin E by weight.
  • the compositions comprise oxygen.
  • the compositions are supersaturated with oxygen in a high-pressure chamber.
  • oxygen is added to the composition by charging the composition with oxygen at 180 psig.
  • the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 500 Torr to about 1000 Torr of oxygen.
  • the compositions disclosed herein comprise at least about 500 Torr of oxygen, at least about 600 Torr of oxygen, at least about 700 Torr of oxygen, at least about 800 Torr of oxygen, at least about 900 Torr of oxygen, or at least about 1000 Torr of oxygen.
  • compositions disclosed herein comprise about 500 Torr, about 505 Torr, about 510 Torr, about 515 Torr, about 520 Torr, about 525 Torr, about 530 Torr, about 535 Torr, about 540 Torr, about 545 Torr, about 550 Torr, about 555 Torr, about 560 Torr, about 565 Torr, about 570 Torr, about 575 Torr, about 580 Torr, about 585 Torr, about 590 Torr, about 595 Torr, about 600 Torr, about 605 Torr, about 610 Torr, about 615 Torr, about 620 Torr, about 625 Torr, about 630 Torr, about 635 Torr, about 640 Torr, about 645 Torr, about 650 Torr, about 655 Torr, about 660 Torr, about 665 Torr, about 670 Torr, about 675 Torr, about 680 Torr, about 685 Torr, about 690 Torr, about 695 Torr, about 700 Torr, about
  • compositions disclosed herein comprise from 500 Torr to about 1000 Torr of oxygen for from about 6 months to about 20 years, including 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 6 years, 7 years, 8 years, 9 years, 10 years, 11 years, 12 years, 13 years, 14 years, 15 years, 16 years, 17 years, 18 years, 19 years, or 20 years, including all values and ranges therebetween.
  • compositions disclosed herein comprise at least about 500 Torr of oxygen, at least about 600 Torr of oxygen, at least about 700 Torr of oxygen, at least about 800 Torr of oxygen, at least about 900 Torr of oxygen, or at least about 1000 Torr of oxygen for from about 6 months to about 20 years, including 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 6 years, 7 years, 8 years, 9 years, 10 years, 11 years, 12 years, 13 years, 14 years, 15 years, 16 years, 17 years, 18 years, 19 years, or 20 years, including all values and ranges therebetween.
  • compositions disclosed herein comprise about 500 Torr, about 505 Torr, about 510 Torr, about 515 Torr, about 520 Torr, about 525 Torr, about 530 Torr, about 535 Torr, about 540 Torr, about 545 Torr, about 550 Torr, about 555 Torr, about 560 Torr, about 565 Torr, about 570 Torr, about 575 Torr, about 580 Torr, about 585 Torr, about 590 Torr, about 595 Torr, about 600 Torr, about 605 Torr, about 610 Torr, about 615 Torr, about 620 Torr, about 625 Torr, about 630 Torr, about 635 Torr, about 640 Torr, about 645 Torr, about 650 Torr, about 655 Torr, about 660 Torr, about 665 Torr, about 670 Torr, about 675 Torr, about 680 Torr, about 685 Torr, about 690 Torr, about 695 Torr, about 700 Torr, about
  • the amount of oxygen in a composition used herein is measured using an OXY-1 SMA-BT Oxygen Meter (an oxygen sensor manufactured by PRESENS PRECISION SENSING, presens.de/products/detail/oxy-1-sma-bt-oxygen-meter).
  • OXY-1 SMA-BT Oxygen Meter an oxygen sensor manufactured by PRESENS PRECISION SENSING, presens.de/products/detail/oxy-1-sma-bt-oxygen-meter.
  • compositions comprising: (a) perfluorodecalin; (b) a phospholipid source; (c) water; (d) a wax; (e) glycerin; f) vitamin E; (g) one or more moisturizers; (h) pomegranate seed oil; (i) a peptide formulation comprising Gly-His-Lys and copper (II); (j) sodium hyaluronate; and (k) a pH adjustor.
  • the phospholipid source comprises hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine.
  • the phospholipid source comprises from 90 % to 100 % phospholipids by weight.
  • the phospholipid source is hydrogenated soybean lecithin containing not less than 90 % phosphatidylcholine by weight.
  • the compositions comprise one or more moisturizers selected from any one of (i) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol; (ii) 1,2- pentanediol, and (iii) panthenol.
  • the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine.
  • the pH adjustor is L-arginine.
  • the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 0.5 % or from about 0.1% to about 0.4% vitamin E by weight.
  • the compositions comprise from about 5 % to about 40 %, from about 5 % to about 35 %, from about 5 % to about 30 %, from about 5 % to about 25 %, from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, from about 5 % to about 10 %, from about 10 % to about 40 %, from about 10 % to about 35 %, from about 10 % to about 30 %, from about 10% to about 25%, from about 10 % to about 20 %, or from about 10 % to about 15 % perfluorodecalin by weight.
  • the compositions comprise from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, or from about 5 % to about 10 % of the phospholipid source by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 0.5 % of pomegranate seed oil by weight. In embodiments, the compositions compise from about 0.05 % to about 0.15 % by weight of the peptide formulation comprising Gly-His-Lys and copper (II). In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.0025 % to about 0.0075 % by weight of sodium hyaluronate. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 20 % to about 50 % water by weight.
  • the compositions comprise from about 1 % to about 5 % wax by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 10 % to about 30 % glycerin by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.5 % to about 1.5 % by weight of a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.25 % to about 0.75% panthenol by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1% to about 0.5% pomegranate seed oil by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.05 % to about 0.15 % of the peptide formulation comprising Gly-His- Lys and copper (II) by weight.
  • the compositions comprise from about 0.0025 % to about 0.0075 % of sodium hyaluronate by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.01 % to about 0.1 % by weight of the pH adjustor (e.g., L-arginine). In embodiments, the composition is Composition 1, which is shown in Table 1, below.
  • compositions comprising: (a) perfluorodecalin; (b) a phospholipid source; (c) water; (d) a wax; (e) glycerin; (f) vitamin E; (g) one or more moisturizers; (h) sodium hyaluronate; (i) alcohol; (j) salicylic acid; (k) a formulation comprising 69.66 % silica dimethyl silylate, 20.23 % sodium chondroitin sulfate, and 10.11 % atelocollagen by weight; and (l) a pH adjustor.
  • the phospholipid source comprises hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine. In embodiments, the phospholipid source comprises from 90 % to 100 % phospholipids by weight. In embodiments, the phospholipid source is hydrogenated soybean lecithin containing not less than 90 % phosphatidylcholine by weight.
  • the composition comprises the one or more moisturizers selected from any one of (i) butylene glycol, (ii) panthenol, (iii) squalane, (iv) C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate, (v) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol, and (vi) 1,2-pentanediol.
  • the pH adjustor is L-arginine.
  • the composition comprises from about 0.4 % to about 0.8 % of the pH adjustor by weight.
  • the composition comprises from about 5 % to about 40 %, from about 5 % to about 35 %, from about 5 % to about 30 %, from about 5 % to about 25 %, from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, from about 5 % to about 10 %, from about 10 % to about 40 %, from about 10 % to about 35 %, from about 10 % to about 30 %, from about 10% to about 25%, from about 10 % to about 20 %, or from about 10 % to about 15 % perfluorodecalin by weight.
  • the composition comprises from about 1 % to about 10 %, from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, or from about 5 % to about 10 % of the phospholipid source by weight. In embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1 % to about 5 % of alcohol by weight. In embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1 % to about 3 % of salicylic acid by weight. In embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.0025 % to about 0.0075 % by weight of sodium hyaluronate. In embodiments, the composition is Composition 2, which is shown in Table 2, below. Table 2: Ingredients in Composition 2.
  • Composition 1 and/or Composition 2 comprise from 500 Torr to about 1000 Torr of oxygen. In embodiments, Composition 1 and/or Composition 2 comprise at least about 500 Torr of oxygen, at least about 600 Torr of oxygen, at least about 700 Torr of oxygen, at least about 800 Torr of oxygen, at least about 900 Torr of oxygen, or at least about 1000 Torr of oxygen.
  • Composition 1 and/or 2 comprise about 500 Torr, about 505 Torr, about 510 Torr, about 515 Torr, about 520 Torr, about 525 Torr, about 530 Torr, about 535 Torr, about 540 Torr, about 545 Torr, about 550 Torr, about 555 Torr, about 560 Torr, about 565 Torr, about 570 Torr, about 575 Torr, about 580 Torr, about 585 Torr, about 590 Torr, about 595 Torr, about 600 Torr, about 605 Torr, about 610 Torr, about 615 Torr, about 620 Torr, about 625 Torr, about 630 Torr, about 635 Torr, about 640 Torr, about 645 Torr, about 650 Torr, about 655 Torr, about 660 Torr, about 665 Torr, about 670 Torr, about 675 Torr, about 680 Torr, about 685 Torr, about 690 Torr, about 695 Torr, about 700 Torr,
  • Embodiments herein include oxygen-based emulsions for use in treating acne.
  • the emulsions of embodiments described in detail herein generally include but are not limited to the following components: deionized water; butylene glycol; glycerin; D,L-Panthenol powder (also referred to as Pro-Vitamin B5; a stable racemic mixture of D-Panthenol and L- Panthenol); L-Arginine powder; Phospholipon 90H (liquid, non-aqueous concentrates of phospholipids in combination with oils or a water-miscible solvent); Polawax; Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD); Squalane (moisturizing ingredient produced from squalene, an oily substance found in people, animals, and plants); C12-15 alkyl benzoate; Vitamin E acetate; AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (marine-derived proteins/peptides); Alcohol 40B (190 proof) (also referred topir
  • %w/w concentration of each component in the emulsion represented as a weight/weight percentage (%w/w) (calculated as the weight of the component or solute (in grams) per total weight of the solution (in grams) multiplied by 100%).
  • An example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of an embodiment includes but is not limited to the following components: deionized water (51.45% w/w); butylene glycol (5.00% w/w); glycerin (2.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol powder (0.90% w/w); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w); Phospholipon 90H (6.60% w/w); Polawax (3.00% w/w); Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (20.00% w/w); Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate (0.50% w/w); AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (marine-derived proteins/peptides) (0.05% w/w); Alcohol 40B (190 proof) (3.00% w/w); Salicylic acid USP (2.00% w/w); Hyaluronic acid 1% (
  • Preparation of the example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of this embodiment can include numerous phases each of which involves the addition a set of the emulsion components.
  • a first phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components: deionized water (51.45% w/w); butylene glycol (5.00% w/w); glycerin (2.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol powder (0.90% w/w); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w); and Phospholipon 90H (6.60% w/w).
  • a second phase comprises adding the Polawax (3.00% w/w) to the composition of the first phase.
  • a third phase comprises adding the Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (20.00% w/w) to the composition of the second phase.
  • a fourth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the third phase: Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate (0.50% w/w); and AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (marine-derived proteins/peptides) (0.05% w/w).
  • a fifth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fourth phase: Alcohol 40B (190 proof) (3.00% w/w); Salicylic acid USP (premix with the alcohol) (2.00% w/w); and Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w).
  • a sixth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fifth phase: Symdiol 68 (1.00% w/w); and Pentylene glycol (2.00% w/w).
  • a seventh phase comprises supersaturating the composition of the sixth phase with medical grade oxygen gas in a high- pressure chamber to form the SSOE.
  • An example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of an alternative embodiment includes but is not limited to the following components: deionized water (51.00% w/w); butylene glycol (5.00% w/w); glycerin (2.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol powder (1.85% w/w); Phospholipon 90H (6.60% w/w); Polawax (3.00% w/w); Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (20.00% w/w); Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate (0.50% w/w); AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (marine-derived proteins/peptides) (0.05% w/w); Alcohol 40B (190 proof) (3.00% w/w); Salicylic acid USP (2.00% w/w); Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w); Symdiol
  • Preparation of the example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of this alternative embodiment can include numerous phases each of which involves the addition a set of the emulsion components.
  • a first phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components: deionized water (51.00% w/w); butylene glycol (5.00% w/w); glycerin (2.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol powder (1.85% w/w); and Phospholipon 90H (6.60% w/w).
  • a second phase comprises adding the Polawax (3.00% w/w) to the composition of the first phase.
  • a third phase comprises adding the Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (20.00% w/w) to the composition of the second phase.
  • a fourth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the third phase: Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate (0.50% w/w); and AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (marine-derived proteins/peptides) (0.05% w/w).
  • a fifth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fourth phase: Alcohol 40B (190 proof) (3.00% w/w); Salicylic acid USP (2.00% w/w); and Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w).
  • a sixth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fifth phase: Symdiol 68 (1.00% w/w); and Pentylene glycol (2.00% w/w).
  • a seventh phase comprises supersaturating the composition of the sixth phase with medical grade oxygen gas in a high-pressure chamber to form the SSOE.
  • An example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of another alternative embodiment includes but is not limited to the following components: deionized water (51.00% w/w); glycerin (5.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol powder (1.85% w/w); Phospholipon 90H (6.60% w/w); Polawax (5.00% w/w); Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (20.00% w/w); Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate (0.50% w/w); AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (marine-derived proteins/peptides) (0.05% w/w); Alcohol 40B (190 proof) (3.00% w/w); Salicylic acid USP (2.00% w/w); Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w); Symdiol 68 (1.00% w/w); and Penty
  • Preparation of the example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of this other alternative embodiment can include numerous phases each of which involves the addition a set of the emulsion components.
  • a first phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components: deionized water (51.00% w/w); glycerin (5.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol powder (1.85% w/w); and Phospholipon 90H (6.60% w/w).
  • a second phase comprises adding the Polawax (5.00% w/w) to the composition of the first phase.
  • a third phase comprises adding the Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (20.00% w/w) to the composition of the second phase.
  • a fourth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the third phase: Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate (0.50% w/w); and AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (marine-derived proteins/peptides) (0.05% w/w).
  • a fifth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fourth phase: Alcohol 40B (190 proof) (3.00% w/w); Salicylic acid USP (2.00% w/w); and Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w).
  • a sixth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fifth phase: Symdiol 68 (1.00% w/w); and Pentylene glycol (2.00% w/w).
  • a seventh phase comprises supersaturating the composition of the sixth phase with medical grade oxygen gas in a high-pressure chamber to form the SSOE.
  • Preparation of the example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of this embodiment can include numerous phases each of which involves the addition a set of the emulsion components.
  • a first phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components: deionized water (51.45% w/w); butylene glycol (5.00% w/w); glycerin (2.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol powder (0.90% w/w); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w); and Phospholipon 90H (6.60% w/w).
  • a second phase comprises adding the Polawax (3.00% w/w) to the composition of the first phase.
  • a third phase comprises adding the Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (20.00% w/w) to the composition of the second phase.
  • PFD Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin
  • a fourth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the third phase: Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate (0.50% w/w); and AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (marine-derived proteins/peptides) (0.05% w/w).
  • a fifth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fourth phase: Alcohol 40B (190 proof) (3.00% w/w); Salicylic acid USP (2.00% w/w); and Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w).
  • a sixth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fifth phase: Symdiol 68 (1.00% w/w); and Pentylene glycol (2.00% w/w).
  • a seventh phase comprises supersaturating the composition of the sixth phase with medical grade oxygen gas in a high-pressure chamber to form the SSOE.
  • embodiments described herein include oxygen-based emulsions for use in wound care.
  • the wound care emulsions of embodiments described in detail herein generally include but are not limited to the following components: deionized water; glycerin 99%; D,L-Panthenol (powder); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w); Phospholipon 90H; Polawax; Rejuvenox PFD; Vitamin E acetate; Pomegranate seed oil; Copper peptide GHK-Cu; Hyaluronic acid 1%; Pentylene glycol (e.g., Hydrolite 5); and Symdiol 68.
  • the emulsion is then supersaturated with medical grade oxygen gas in a high- pressure chamber as described in detail herein.
  • An example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of an embodiment includes but is not limited to the following components: deionized water (31.90% w/w); glycerin (20.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol (0.50% w/w); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w); Phospholipon 90H (10.00% w/w); Polawax (3.00% w/w); Rejuvenox PFD (30.00% w/w); Vitamin E (0.25% w/w); Pomegranate seed oil (0.25% w/w); Copper peptide GHK-Cu (0.10% w/w); Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w); Pentylene glycol (e.g., Hydrolite 5) (2.00% w/w); and an emollient and moisturizer (e.g., Symdiol 68, a synergistic blend of 1,2-Hexanediol and Caprylyl G
  • the emulsion is then supersaturated with medical grade oxygen gas in a high-pressure chamber.
  • the resulting emulsion has a pH in the range of approximately 4.5- 7.4.
  • a target pH is approximately 5.0 but embodiments are not so limited.
  • Preparation of the example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of this embodiment can include numerous phases each of which involves the addition a set of the emulsion components.
  • a first phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components: deionized water (31.90% w/w); glycerin (20.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol (0.50% w/w); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w) and Phospholipon 90H (10.00% w/w).
  • a second phase comprises adding the Polawax (3.00% w/w) to the composition of the first phase.
  • a third phase comprises adding the Rejuvenox PFD (30.00% w/w) to the composition of the second phase.
  • a fourth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the third phase: Vitamin E (0.25% w/w); and Pomegranate seed oil (0.25% w/w).
  • a fifth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fourth phase: Copper peptide GHK-Cu (0.10% w/w) and Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w).
  • a sixth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fifth phase: Pentylene glycol (e.g., Hydrolite 5) (2.00% w/w); and emollient and moisturizer (e.g., Symdiol 68, a synergistic blend of 1,2-Hexanediol and Caprylyl Glycol) (1.00% w/w).
  • Pentylene glycol e.g., Hydrolite 5
  • emollient and moisturizer e.g., Symdiol 68, a synergistic blend of 1,2-Hexanediol and Caprylyl Glycol
  • a seventh phase comprises supersaturating the composition of the sixth phase with medical grade oxygen gas in a high-pressure chamber to form the SSOE as described in detail herein.
  • Embodiments described in detail herein relate to the field of dermatology and cosmetology, specifically to a novel formulation of topical oxygen emulsion configured to treat hair loss and stimulate hair regrowth following hair replantation largely due to the fact that studies have shown hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) reduces the amount of post-surgical follicle shedding and improves healing rates post-surgery and increases the level of hair regrowth over medication alone.
  • HBOT hyperbaric oxygen therapy
  • Embodiments herein therefore include oxygen-based emulsions for use in treating hair loss and stimulating hair regrowth.
  • the emulsions of embodiments described in detail herein generally include but are not limited to the following components: deionized water; butylene glycol; D,L-Panthenol powder; L-Arginine powder; Phospholipon 90H (liquid, non-aqueous concentrates of phospholipids in combination with oils or a water-miscible solvent); Polawax; Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD); Squalane; C12-15 alkyl benzoate; Vitamin E acetate USP; Rosemary Essential Oil; AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres; Hyaluronic acid 1%; Symdiol 68; and Pentylene glycol (e.g., Hydrolite 5).
  • deionized water butylene glycol
  • D,L-Panthenol powder liquid, non-aqueous concentrates of phospholipids in combination with oils or a water-miscible solvent
  • Phospholipon 90H liquid, non-aqueous concentrates of
  • the emulsion is then supersaturated with medical grade oxygen gas in a high-pressure chamber as described in detail herein.
  • concentration of each component in the emulsion represented as a weight/weight percentage (%w/w) (calculated as the weight of the component or solute (in grams) per total weight of the solution (in grams) multiplied by 100%).
  • An example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of an embodiment includes but is not limited to the following components: deionized water (56.20% w/w); butylene glycol (7.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol powder (0.90% w/w); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w); Phospholipon 90H (liquid, non-aqueous concentrates of phospholipids in combination with oils or a water-miscible solvent) (6.60% w/w); Polawax (3.00% w/w); Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (20.00% w/w); Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate USP (0.50% w/w); Rosemary Essential Oil (0.25% w/w); AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (0.050% w/w); Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w); Sym
  • Preparation of the example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of this embodiment can include numerous phases each of which involves the addition a set of the emulsion components.
  • a first phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components: deionized water (56.20% w/w); butylene glycol (7.00% w/w); D,L- Panthenol powder (0.90% w/w); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w); and Phospholipon 90H (liquid, non-aqueous concentrates of phospholipids in combination with oils or a water- miscible solvent) (6.60% w/w).
  • a second phase comprises adding Polawax (3.00% w/w) to the composition of the first phase.
  • a third phase comprises adding the Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (20.00% w/w) to the composition of the second phase.
  • a fourth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the third phase: Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate (0.50% w/w); Rosemary Essential Oil (0.25% w/w); and AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (0.050% w/w).
  • a fifth phase comprises mixing or blending Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w) to the composition of the fourth phase.
  • a sixth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fifth phase: Symdiol 68 (1.00% w/w); and Pentylene glycol (e.g., Hydrolite 5) (2.00% w/w).
  • a seventh phase comprises supersaturating the composition of the sixth phase with medical grade oxygen gas in a high-pressure chamber to form the SSOE.
  • An example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of an alternative embodiment includes but is not limited to the following components: deionized water (40.80% w/w); butylene glycol (7.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol powder (0.90% w/w); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w); Phospholipon 90H (liquid, non-aqueous concentrates of phospholipids in combination with oils or a water-miscible solvent) (10.00% w/w); Polawax (5.00% w/w); Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (30.00% w/w); Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate USP (0.50% w/w); Rosemary Essential Oil (0.25% w/w); AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (0.05% w/w); Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w);
  • Preparation of the example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of this alternative embodiment can include numerous phases each of which involves the addition a set of the emulsion components.
  • a first phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components: deionized water (40.80% w/w); butylene glycol (7.00% w/w); D,L- Panthenol powder (0.90% w/w); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w); and Phospholipon 90H (liquid, non-aqueous concentrates of phospholipids in combination with oils or a water- miscible solvent) (10.00% w/w).
  • a second phase comprises adding Polawax (5.00% w/w) to the composition of the first phase.
  • a third phase comprises adding the Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (30.00% w/w) to the composition of the second phase.
  • a fourth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the third phase: Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate USP (0.50% w/w); Rosemary Essential Oil (0.25% w/w); and AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (0.05% w/w).
  • a fifth phase comprises mixing or blending Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w) to the composition of the fourth phase.
  • a sixth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fifth phase: Symdiol 68 (1.00% w/w); and Pentylene glycol (e.g., Hydrolite 5) (2.00% w/w).
  • a seventh phase comprises supersaturating the composition of the sixth phase with medical grade oxygen gas in a high- pressure chamber to form the SSOE.
  • the SSOE comprises a dispersed phase of perfluorocarbon (PFC) droplets encapsulated within an aqueous continuous phase as described in detail herein.
  • Perfluorodecalin (PFD) is selected for its high oxygen solubility, chemical inertness, and biocompatibility, but embodiments are not so limited.
  • the chemical ingredients of the emulsion described herein include PFD, water, humectants, lubricity enhancers, and emulsion stabilizers (surfactants). Mechanical agitation and homogenization of the heated ingredients forms a stable suspension of PFD microdroplets within the aqueous base. This emulsion is thermally and mechanically stable and will not separate into its constituent phases unless subjected to extreme conditions.
  • a gas such as oxygen is added during the manufacturing process and after emulsification.
  • the gas content of SSOE following loading into a pressurized canister is dependent on the PFD concentration and the gas charging pressure used in the manufacture of the emulsion.
  • the gas content of SSOE increases linearly with charging pressures.
  • the standard processing conditions for SSOE with oxygen as the gas calls for oxygenation at elevated pressures of at least 180 psig (charging pressure) of medical grade oxygen (created supersaturated oxygen emulsion or SSOE).
  • the final equilibrium concentration of dissolved oxygen at 180 psig is approximately 1.8 ml O2 (STP) per ml of emulsion.
  • STP supersaturated oxygen emulsion
  • water at ambient conditions contains approximately 0.006 ml O2 per ml water.
  • the SSOE of embodiments herein is packaged under pressure to maintain the level of dissolved oxygen in solubilized form.
  • the container pressure is configured to be equal to or greater than the oxygenation pressure to prevent outgassing.
  • the emulsion generally comprises a continuous fluorocarbon immiscible hydrophilic liquid phase, and a dispersed phase comprising fluorocarbon suspended as droplets within the continuous phase.
  • the emulsion further comprises an emulsifying agent and a stabilizing agent, wherein the stabilizing agent reduces the ability of the fluorocarbon droplets to move or coalesce within the continuous phase.
  • the continuous fluorocarbon immiscible hydrophilic liquid phase of the fluorocarbon emulsion of the present invention may include an aqueous phase and other water-miscible substances, such as glycerin, propylene glycol, short-chain alcohols, and other hydrophilic liquids. Such hydrophilic liquids mix readily with water and may be added individually or in combination to the continuous phase.
  • the water-immiscible dispersed phase of the fluorocarbon emulsion comprises fluorocarbons or derivatives thereof. Fluorocarbons are chosen for their inert chemistry and high oxygen solubility (about twenty times greater than that of water). Substantially, any fluorocarbon may be used.
  • Suitable fluorocarbons include, but are not limited to, linear, branched and cyclic fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds, derivatives and mixtures thereof.
  • fluorocarbon may be a PFC.
  • PFCs include, but are not limited to, C6-C9 perfluoroalkanes, perfluoroperhydrofluoranthrene, perfluorodecalin, perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene, bis(perfluor-hexyl)-1,2-ethene, perfluoro-1,3- dimethylcyclohexane, perfluoromethyldecalin, perfluoroisopropyldecalin, a mixture of perfluorodixylylmethane and perfluorodixylylethane, and a mixture of perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene and perfluoro n-butyl decalin.
  • Hydrogen atoms of the fluorocarbon may be substituted with a halogen, such as Br, Cl, or I, in addition to fluorine.
  • the PFC is perfluorooctyl bromide or perfluorooctyl iodine.
  • a commercial product PFC 5080 (a product of 3M, St. Paul, Minn.) is used.
  • PFC 5080 is a mixture of perfluorocarbons comprising predominately perfluorooctane.
  • the fluorocarbon emulsions may comprise fluorocarbons in the amount from about 2% to about 90% (wt/wt), preferably from about 10% to about 70% (wt/wt). However, fluorocarbon concentrations outside of the above ranges may also be used.
  • an emulsifying agent is typically used to prepare a fluorocarbon-in-water emulsion. The emulsifying agent assists in dispersing fluorocarbon and stabilizing the emulsion. Any emulsifying agents capable of dispersing fluorocarbon may be used. However, preferably, the emulsifying agent is a non-fluorinated compound.
  • the emulsifying agent is preferably biocompatible (non-irritating) and should result in an emulsion have a sufficient shelf life.
  • biocompatible, non-fluorinated compounds include but are not limited to a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, phospholipids, and a polyoxyethylene derivative of a fatty acid ester of sorbitan.
  • the block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is a triblock copolymer of ethylene and propylene oxide with an average molecular weight of 7680 to 9510 and 81 wt % oxyethylene (poloxamer 188) or PLURONIC® F-68 (BASF Corporation, Mount Olive, N.J.).
  • the emulsifying agent is polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monostearate (polysorbate 60).
  • a hydrogenated phospholipid is used.
  • the hydrogenated phospholipid may be selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphanolipids, phosphatidic acid, and mixtures thereof. It is anticipated that other emulsifying agents having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) or a combined HLB value similar to that of polysorbate 60 and PLURONIC® F-68 may be used in the preparation of the fluorocarbon emulsion of embodiments.
  • the hydrogenated phospholipid of an embodiment is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine.
  • the emulsifying agent is used in an amount in the range from about 1% to about 15% (wt/wt). In an embodiment, the amount of the emulsifying agent is in the range from about 3% to about 7% (wt/wt). However, greater amounts may be used if desired.
  • Conventional fluorocarbon emulsions are stabilized either by decreasing the size of the dispersed fluorocarbon droplets and/or by selecting a surfactant that surrounds the fluorocarbon droplets and reduces the interfacial surface tension and causing electrostatic and steric repulsion between the droplets, inhibiting their coalescence.
  • Surfactants are generally amphiphilic molecules having a hydrophobic tail region and hydrophilic head region.
  • fluorocarbons are water-immiscible substances that are neither hydrophilic nor lipophilic.
  • the interfacial surface tension between fluorocarbons and a fluorocarbon immiscible hydrophilic liquid phase cannot be effectively reduced by conventional surfactants alone.
  • the use of a combination of a conventional surfactant and a fluorophilic/lipophilic molecule act together in association to reduce the interfacial surface tension and stabilize the emulsion.
  • Embodiments described herein take a different approach that does not require the use of fluorophilic/lipophilic compounds. Instead, the fluorocarbon emulsion is unexpectedly stabilized by decreasing the ability of the dispersed fluorocarbon droplets and micelles to move within the continuous phase altogether.
  • the fluorocarbon droplets cannot combine with each other and destabilize the emulsion.
  • the mobility of fluorocarbon droplets may be decreased by adding a stabilizing agent to the continuous phase to alter the physical properties of that phase.
  • the stabilizing agent of embodiments is a compound that reduces the ability of the fluorocarbon droplets to move within the continuous phase.
  • the stabilizing agent may be selected from the group consisting of cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, polyoxyethylated fatty acid (PEG-75 stearate), polyethylene glycol ether of cetyl alcohol (ceteth-20), polyethylene glycol ether of stearyl alcohol (steareth-20), hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine, and mixtures thereof.
  • the amount of the stabilizing agent is typically in the range from about 0.05% to about 20% (wt/wt), and the amount of the stabilizing agent in embodiments is in the range from about 0.5% to about 5% (wt/wt).
  • hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine is used as both the stabilizing agent and the emulsifying agent.
  • the fluorocarbon emulsion of the present invention may be in a form of a viscous solution, liquid crystal, cream, foam, liquid, or gel.
  • the continuous aqueous phase further comprises a thickening agent to increase the viscosity of the emulsion.
  • the thickening agent is added in such an amount that the viscosity of the fluorocarbon emulsion is at least about 50 centipoise under normal conditions.
  • the thickening agent may be selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid polymers, polyacrylamide, polysaccharides, and gums.
  • the carboxylic acid polymers may be homopolymers of acrylic acid cross-linked with allyl ethers of sucrose or pentaerytritol (carbomers) or copolymers of C10-30 alkyl acrylates with one or more monomers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid cross-linked with allyl ethers of sucrose or pentaerytritol (acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymers).
  • the polysaccharides may be cellulose and cellulose derivatives.
  • the polysaccharides are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, cetyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, dextran, and derivatives thereof.
  • the gums may be selected from the group consisting of agars, gelatin, guar gum, and algin.
  • Gas Delivery Agents comprising the compositions described herein and oxygen.
  • the gas delivery agent is a pressured bladder canister comprising an oxygenated composition described herein.
  • canister is pressurized so that oxygen remains in the compositions.
  • the bladder is surrounded by a propellant (e.g., pressurized nitrogen gas).
  • a propellant e.g., pressurized nitrogen gas
  • the propellant in the canister squeezes the bladder and causes the oxygenated compositions described herein to be discharged uniformly from the canister.
  • the bladder materials keep the oxygenated composition separate from the propellant.
  • the bladder comprises a laminated structure of polypropylene, a center layer of aluminum foil, and a polyethylene terephthalate outer layer.
  • the devices may include a gas delivery agent for the delivery of gas into gas-depleted environments.
  • the agent comprises the emulsion described, wherein the emulsion is saturated or super-saturated with a gas.
  • the concentration of oxygen in the emulsion is at least about 0.3 ml of oxygen (STP) per one milliliter (ml) of emulsion at 1 atmosphere.
  • the partial pressure of oxygen, or pO2 in the emulsion is generally above 760 mm Hg in these embodiments.
  • the gas delivery agent of the embodiments described herein may be supersaturated with gas.
  • the concentration of oxygen in the emulsion is at least about 1 ml of oxygen (STP) per one ml of emulsion.
  • the concentration of oxygen in the emulsion is at least about 2 ml of oxygen (STP) per ml of emulsion.
  • the partial pressure of oxygen, or pO2, in the emulsion is generally above 10,000 mm Hg in these embodiments and can be as high as 11,000 mm Hg or higher.
  • provided herein are methods of preparing a gas delivery agent.
  • the methods comprise exposing a composition described herein to a gas under conditions sufficient to gasify the emulsion to a predetermined degree.
  • the composition may be exposed to gas under atmospheric pressure or under a pressure that is above atmospheric pressure.
  • the gas is oxygen
  • the emulsion may be exposed to oxygen under 180 psi for sufficient time to achieve pO2 in the emulsion of at least about 10,000 mm Hg.
  • the compositions described herein or gas delivery agent of the embodiments herein is stored under pressure in a dispensing bottle to maintain the phase equilibria between the solubilized gas in the composition and the pressurized gas and to prevent gas dissolution and escape from the composition.
  • oxygen gas may also serve as the vehicle propellant in such a delivery system, or, an indirect propellant, such as another gas, for example, nitrogen, applied to the outside of a barrier within the dispensing bottle, can be employed.
  • the pressurized container holding the gas delivery agent should maintain an internal pressure that, at a minimum, remains equal to or greater than the equivalent dissolved gas partial pressure.
  • the pressurized container is configured to allow full dispensation of the gas delivery agent (greater than 95% of total charging weight dispensed).
  • the method comprises mixing a fluorocarbon immiscible hydrophilic liquid and an emulsifying agent to form a first mixture, mixing a stabilizing agent with the first mixture to form a second mixture, and mixing fluorocarbon with the second mixture to form a third mixture to disperse droplets of fluorocarbon in the fluorocarbon immiscible hydrophilic liquid and to form the fluorocarbon emulsion, wherein the stabilizing agent reduces the ability of the droplets to move within a continuous phase of the fluorocarbon emulsion.
  • Mechanical agitation of the heated ingredients, including a solid emulsifying agent forms a stable suspension of fluorocarbon droplets within the continuous phase.
  • Embodiments include an alternative method of making a fluorocarbon emulsion comprising mixing a fluorocarbon immiscible hydrophilic liquid and a solid emulsifying agent by agitation at a temperature elevated above the phase transition temperature of the emulsifying agent and below the boiling temperature of the fluorocarbon immiscible hydrophilic liquid, and adding fluorocarbon to the mixture and agitating at the elevated temperature to disperse droplets of fluorocarbon in the fluorocarbon immiscible hydrophilic liquid and to form the fluorocarbon emulsion.
  • the mixing and agitation may be conducted by any conventional means, for example, by hand stirring, aeration, propeller agitation, turbine agitation, colloid milling, homogenizing, high-frequency or ultrasonic oscillation (sonication), micro- fluidization and the like. In one embodiment, a homogenizer is used.
  • the emulsifying agent used in either method is preferably a non-fluorinated compound.
  • the emulsifying agent may be selected from the group consisting of a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, phospholipids, and a polyoxyethylene derivative of a fatty acid ester of sorbitan.
  • the block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is a triblock copolymer of ethylene and propylene oxide with an average molecular weight of 7680 to 9510 and 81% (wt/wt) oxyethylene (poloxamer 188 or PLURONIC® F-68).
  • the emulsifying agent is polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monostearate (polysorbate 60).
  • a solid emulsifying agent comprises a hydrogenated phospholipid.
  • the hydrogenated phospholipid may be selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphanolipids, phosphatidic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • the hydrogenated phospholipid is a hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine.
  • the amount of the emulsifying agent of an embodiment is in the range from about 1% to about 15% (wt/wt), preferably, in the range from about 3% to about 7% (wt/wt).
  • the elevated temperature is in the range from about 40° C. to about 90° C.
  • the method of making fluorocarbon emulsion of an embodiment further comprises processing the viscous solution to reduce the size of the fluorocarbon droplets. Such processing may be conducted by homogenization or other suitable methods known to those skilled in the art. [0113] This method of an embodiment may further comprise cooling the obtained emulsion to form a viscous solution or gel. In one embodiment, the viscosity of the viscous solution is greater than the viscosities of plasma and blood, which are in the range of 1 to 6 centipoise. In another embodiment, the viscosity is at least about 50 centipoise. In one embodiment, the fluorocarbon emulsion is cooled to at least about 40° C.
  • the first step of the alternative method of making a fluorocarbon emulsion described above may further comprise admixing formulation additives into water.
  • formulation additives may be selected from a group consisting of stabilizing agents, thickening agents, preservatives, humectants, emollients, colorants, pH adjustment agents, buffers, texture-enhancing compounds, sunscreens, antioxidants, chelating agents, fragrances, flavorings, processing aids, and other bioactive or inert cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients.
  • the stabilizing agent may be selected from a group consisting of cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, polyoxyethylated fatty acid (PEG- 75 stearate), polyethylene glycol ether of cetyl alcohol (ceteth-20), polyethylene glycol ether of stearyl alcohol (steareth-20), hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine, and mixtures thereof.
  • the amount of the stabilizing agent may be in the range from about 0.05% to about 20% (wt/wt), preferably, from about 0.5% to about 5% (wt/wt).
  • both the stabilizing agent and the emulsifying agent are hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine.
  • the humectants are substances that are added into formulations to preserve the moisture content of the materials to which they are added, slow evaporation and enhance moisturization.
  • the humectants are well known in the art and may be selected from the group consisting of glycerin, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, sorbitol and others.
  • Other additives may be selected from the group consisting of thixotropic, whitening agents and processing aids. Thixotropic agents are added generally to alter the flow characteristics, or rheology, of the emulsion.
  • the emulsion may be treated to contain more oxygen than would result under normal conditions.
  • the embodiments herein provide a gas delivery agent for the delivery of gas into gas-depleted environments.
  • the agent comprises the fluorocarbon emulsion described above, wherein the fluorocarbon emulsion is saturated with a gas.
  • the concentration of oxygen in the fluorocarbon emulsion of the present invention is at least about 0.3 ml of oxygen (STP) per one ml of fluorocarbon emulsion at 1 atmosphere.
  • STP 0.3 ml of oxygen
  • the partial pressure of oxygen, or pO2 in the emulsion is generally above 760 mm Hg in these embodiments.
  • the ingredients of the fluorocarbon emulsion are heated and mixed in a mixer and the obtained emulsion is pumped into a pressurized oxygenation vessel. Mechanical agitation is performed in this unit with dual pitched blades to ensure rapid equilibration with oxygen to produce an oxygen delivery agent. Lastly, the internal pressure of the oxygenation vessel forces the oxygen delivery agent into the filling station for bottling.
  • the oxygen delivery agent of the embodiments herein is capable of delivering high levels of oxygen into the skin tissues, it has many biomedical and cosmetic applications. For example, it may be used in topical applications for the healing of wounds, burns, and bruises.
  • the oxygen delivery agent may also be incorporated into pharmaceutical products containing antibiotics, nutritive elements, hydrating agents, and other beneficial and therapeutic substances, for optimal therapeutic and healing effect.
  • the oxygen delivery agent may be applied directly to the skin or may be incorporated into a dressing for application to the skin.
  • dressings include, but are not limited to, gauze, bandages, and other materials suitable for maintaining the oxygen delivery agent in contact with the skin.
  • Application of an occlusive wound dressing inhibits diffusive transport of oxygen to the ambient environment and ensures maximal transport of oxygen to the treatment site.
  • the oxygen delivery agent may also be incorporated into various cosmetic products, such as creams, ointments, masks, and exfoliates, to name a few.
  • the oxygen delivery agent of the present invention delivers oxygen to intact skin in cosmetic applications to improve skin texture and tone.
  • the oxygen delivery agent may be incorporated into a skin care cream or a cosmetic mask.
  • Such products may be applied by a skilled skin care professional in the office or by a consumer at home.
  • the following examples are intended to illustrate, but not to limit, the scope of the embodiments described in detail herein. While such examples are typical of those that might be used, other procedures known to those skilled in the art may alternatively be used. Indeed, those of ordinary skill in the art can readily envision and produce further embodiments, based on the teachings herein, without undue experimentation.
  • Preparation of the fluorocarbon emulsion of a first example comprises the following ingredients or constituents: water 42% (wt/wt); glycerin 12% (wt/wt); hydrogenated phospholipid 4.5% (wt/wt); cetyl alcohol 0.6% (wt/wt); stearyl alcohol 0.6% (wt/wt); polysorbate 600.5% (wt/wt); PFD 39.5% (wt/wt); and tocopheryl acetate 0.4% (wt/wt).
  • the method for preparing the emulsion comprises mixing water into glycerin. The mixture is heated to 70° C in a reaction vessel with agitation.
  • hydrogenated phospholipid is added to the mixture at 70° C with agitation.
  • An overhead stirrer is used to conduct this step.
  • cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and polysorbate are added with continued agitation.
  • glyceryl stearate is added slowly at a controlled rate with agitation.
  • PFD is added while maintaining the temperature at 70° C.
  • the mixture is cooled slowly to room temperature. Alternatively, prior to cooling, the mixture may be subjected to homogenization and then cooled slowly to room temperature.
  • Preparation of an alternative fluorocarbon emulsion of a second example comprises the following ingredients or constituents: water 42.5% (wt/wt); propylene glycol 30% (wt/wt); hydrogenated phospholipid 4.4% (wt/wt); cetyl alcohol 0.3% (wt/wt); stearyl alcohol 0.3% (wt/wt); polysorbate 600.2% (wt/wt); Glyceryl stearate, PEG-75 stearate, ceteth-20, steareth- 20 0.8% (wt/wt); PFD 20% (wt/wt); tocopheryl acetate 0.5% (wt/wt); dimethicone 0.7% (wt/wt); benzyl alcohol 0.4% (wt/wt); methyl paraben 0.1% (wt/wt); propyl paraben 0.05% (wt/wt); and hyaluronic acid.
  • the method for preparing the emulsion comprises mixing water into propylene glycol.
  • the mixture is heated to 70° C in a reaction vessel with agitation.
  • hydrogenated phospholipid is added to the mixture at 70° C with agitation.
  • An overhead stirrer is used to conduct this step.
  • cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, polysorbate 60, and Glyceryl stearate, PEG-75 stearate, ceteth-20, steareth-20 are added with continued agitation.
  • PFD is added slowly at a controlled rate with agitation.
  • tocopheryl acetate and dimethicone are added while maintaining the temperature at 70° C.
  • the mixture is cooled slowly to room temperature. While the mixture is cooling, benzyl alcohol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, and hyaluronic acid are added. Alternatively, prior to cooling, the mixture may be subjected to homogenization and then cooled slowly to room temperature.
  • Preparation of another alternative fluorocarbon emulsion of a third example comprises the following ingredients or constituents: water 48% (wt/wt); propylene glycol 34% (wt/wt); hydrogenated phospholipid 4% (wt/wt); cetyl alcohol 0.4% (wt/wt); stearyl alcohol 0.4% (wt/wt); polysorbate 600.3% (wt/wt); Glyceryl stearate, PEG-75 stearate, ceteth-20, steareth- 201% (wt/wt); PFD 10% (wt/wt); tocopheryl acetate 0.8% (wt/wt); dimethicone 0.5% (wt/wt); benzyl alcohol 0.4% (wt/wt); methyl paraben 0.1% (wt/wt); propyl paraben 0.05% (wt/wt); and hyaluronic acid.
  • the method for preparing the emulsion comprises mixing water into propylene glycol.
  • the mixture is heated to 70° C in a reaction vessel with agitation.
  • hydrogenated phospholipid is added to the mixture at 70° C with agitation.
  • An overhead stirrer is used to conduct this step.
  • cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, polysorbate 60, and Glyceryl stearate, PEG-75 stearate, ceteth-20, steareth-20 are added with continued agitation.
  • PFD is added slowly at a controlled rate with agitation.
  • the method for preparing the oxygen delivery agent comprises charging the fluorocarbon emulsion prepared in accordance with any of the examples described above with 180 psi of oxygen in a pressurized mixer for 90 minutes.
  • compositions described herein are used to treat acne in a patient.
  • the compositions of the disclosure are applied directly at the site of the acne, for example, on the blemish, nodule, cyst, lesion, zit, pimple, pre-emergent pimple, blackhead, hive, whitehead, papule, or postule.
  • the compositions are applied for an extended period for an aesthetic, preventive, prophylactic, or therapeutic benefit (i.e. a “leave-on” composition).
  • the leave-on composition is left on the skin for a period of at least 1 minute, or at least 2 minutes, or at least 3 minutes, or at least 4 minutes, or at least 5 minutes, or at least 6 minutes, or at least 7 minutes, or at least 8 minutes, or at least 9 minutes, or at least 10 minutes, or at least 15 minutes, or at least 20 minutes, or at least 25 minutes, or at least 30 minutes, or at least 45 minutes, or at least 1 hour, or at least 12 hours, or up to 24 hours, including all values and ranges in between.
  • the compositions are applied one or more times per day. [0129] In embodiments, the compositions are applied once per day.
  • the compositions are applied twice a day, or three times a day, or four time a day, or more. In some embodiments, the compositions are applied every other day, or every third day, or every fourth day, or every fifth day, or every sixth day, once per week, once per month, once per six months, or once per year.
  • improvement in a patient’s acne is quantified using any one of the following methods: (a) creation and use of a portal (e.g., through the internet), which allows secure examination of high-resolution photographs; (b) remote examination of high-resolution photographs; (c) in person examination by a qualified grader; (d) evaluating a symptom by counting and/or measuring; (e) quantitating the quality of life of the subject; or (f) collecting a statement from a subject on the effect of the composition on the patient’s acne.
  • a portal e.g., through the internet
  • the patient when a patient is treated with the compositions of the disclosure, the patient exhibits a reduction in acne compared to pre-treatment of about 5 %, or about 10 %, or about 15 %, or about 20 %, or about 25 %, or about 30 %, or about 35 %, or about 40 %, or about 45 %, or about 50 %, or about 55 %, or about 60 %, or about 65 %, or about 70 %, or about 75 %, or about 80 %, or about 85 %, or about 90 %, or about 95 %, or more.
  • Methods of Treating Wounds [0132]
  • the compositions described herein are used to treat wounds.
  • treating a wound comprises contacting a wound with a composition described herein.
  • treating a wound comprises applying a dressing comprising a composition described herein.
  • the following patent describes wound treatment and is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, U.S. Patent No. 12,128,120.
  • Methods of Stimulating Hair Growth [0133]
  • the compositions described herein are used to stimulate hair growth.
  • stimulating hair growth contacting hair with a composition described herein.
  • compositions described herein are used to treat or improve acne, psoriasis, eczema, rosacea, ichthyosis, vitiligo, seborrheic dermatitis, actinic keratosis, stretch mark, wrinkles, fine lines, carbuncle, aging, and/or cellulitis.
  • EXAMPLES [0135] The following examples are given for the purpose of illustrating various embodiments of the disclosure and are not meant to limit the present disclosure in any fashion. Changes therein and other uses which are encompassed within the spirit of the disclosure, as defined by the scope of the claims, will be recognized by those skilled in the art.
  • Example 1 Preparation of Oxygenated Compositions Disclosed Herein [0136] Two oxygenated emulsions (Composition 1 and Composition 2), see tables below, were prepared by mechanically agitating, homogenizing, and heating the ingredients. After emulsification, each composition was charged with oxygen at a charging pressure of 180 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) of pure oxygen overnight. The final equilibrium concentrations of oxygen in the oxygenated emulsions was evaluated using an oxygen sensor (i.e., the OXY-1 SMA-BT Oxygen Meter manufactured by PRESENS PRECISION SENSING, presens.de/products/detail/oxy-1-sma-bt-oxygen-meter)manufactured by PRESENS PRECISION SENSING).
  • OXY-1 SMA-BT Oxygen Meter manufactured by PRESENS PRECISION SENSING, presens.de/products/detail/oxy-1-sma-bt-oxygen-meter
  • Composition 1 contained 711.7 Torr O2, and Composition 2 contained 740 Torr O2. This is over three times the oxygen found in other topical oxygenated products ( ⁇ 160 Torr O2).
  • Table A Ingredients in Composition 1
  • Table B Ingredients in Composition 2.
  • Example 2 Composition 1 improves Wound Closure in Mouse Model [0137] This study examined the mitigative effects of Composition 1 in an animal model of skin wound and radiation combined injury. Composition 1 was applied to the wounded area ( ⁇ 1 mm thickness covering the entire wound surface) after wounding alone or total-body radiation combined with skin wound injury (“RCI”). A vehicle cream was used in the control groups.
  • Table C below, provides a schematic of the experimental design. The mice were dividnotinto three groups, Vehicle, Composition 1, and Sham.
  • mice in the Vehicle group were administered vehicle topically daily twenty four hours after injury until wound closure.
  • Mice in the Compound 1 group were administered Compound 1 daily twenty four hours after injury until wound closure.
  • Mice in the sham group were not administered any treatment.
  • Subgroups of mice were administered treatment to a wound alone, total body irradiation (“TBI”) at a dose of 9.0 Gy Co- -lethal skin wound one to two hours after irradiation, or total body irradiation at a dose of 9.3 Gy Co- Gy/min photon followed by a non-lethal skin wound one to two hours after irradiation [0138]
  • Animal survival was monitored daily up to 30 days post-TBI, following the guidance of the IACUC Policy on a “Rodent Intervention Score Sheet”.
  • Surviving mice were humanely euthanized and multiple tissues/organs were collected. Tissues such as blood, serum, spleen, skin around the wounded area, etc., were collected on day 30 after TBI. The mice were deeply anesthetized prior to whole blood collection through a cardiac blood draw. Confirmatory cervical dislocation was performed while the animal was still anesthetized in accordance with the approved IACUC protocol. Tissue collection was conducted after euthanasia.
  • mice cytokine array analysis For blood collected in serum separating tubes, sera were obtained after centrifugation at 10,000 ⁇ g for 10 min, following 30–120 min of coagulation at room te analysis.
  • Serum samples were subjected to a quantified mouse cytokine array analysis by Eve - fold dilution with PBS pH 7.4 was subjected to a mouse cytokine/chemokine 44-plex discovery assay® array (MD44).
  • HBSS Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution
  • the collection tubes were then centrifuged at 800 ⁇ g (Sorvall Legend XTR Centrifuge, Thermo Scientific) for 10 min and the HBSS removed.
  • the pellets were resuspended in 10 mL 1 ⁇ ACK lysis buffer (Invitrogen) for 10 min at 37 °C to lyse RBCs, mixed by vertexing every 5 min, and then centrifuged at 800 ⁇ g for 10 min.
  • Splenocyte pellets were collected and resuspended in 10 mL 1 ⁇ phosphate-buffered saline (PBS).
  • FIGS. 2A-2D show percentage (%) of skin-wound healing over time (day 1 to day 28 post-TBI) from mice exposed to skin wounding alone, 9.0 Gy RCI, or 9.3 Gy RCI treated with Composition 1 or vehicle (Figs.2A-2C). A significant improvement in wound healing rate was observed between Composition 1-treated vs. vehicle-treated cohorts in 9.0 Gy RCI. (Fig.2D).
  • Figs. 3A-3C display body weight changes over time (day 0 to day 28 post-TBI) from Composition 1- or vehicle-treated mice exposed to skin wounding alone (Fig.3A), 9.0 Gy RCI (Fig.3B), or 9.3 Gy RCI (Fig.3C).
  • Fig. 4 displays complete blood cell counts (CBC) from Composition 1- or vehicle- treated mice on day 30 after exposure to sham, skin wounding alone, 9.0 Gy RCI, or 9.3 Gy RCI.
  • Blood cell counts included white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NEU), lymphocytes (LYM), monocytes (MONO), eosinophils (EOS), basophils (BAS), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and platelets (PLT).
  • Figs. 5A-5B demonstrate that on day 30, RCI at 9.0 Gy significantly reduced spleen weights. Topical Composition 1 treatment did not recover the spleen weights (Fig. 5A).
  • Composition 1 For splenocytes, Composition 1 treatment significantly increased splenocytes per spleen by 23% in the wound alone group. However, RCI at either 9.0 Gy or 9.3 Gy significantly reduced splenocytes regardless of Composition 1 treatment (Fig. 5B). Taken together, the results Composition 1 that SSOE might be potentially beneficial for the recovery of splenocytes after skin wounding, which is important for innate immunity. [0151] Treatment with Composition 1 enhanced 30 days survival by 20% after 9.0 Gy RCI ( ⁇ LD30/30) and 25% after 9.3 Gy RCI ( ⁇ LD50/30) compared to the vehicle control groups. (Fig. 1A, Fig.
  • Composition 1 did not influence the levels of cytokines/chemokines in mouse serum collected on day 30 after wound alone or RCI. (Table D). Table D. Serum cytokine/chemokine levels on day 30 after skin wound alone, 9.0 Gy TBI and skin wound (RCI9.0 Gy), 9.3 Gy TBI and skin wound (RCI 9.3 Gy).
  • Example 3 PROPHETIC EXAMPLE: Compare the Effect of Composition 1 to Alternative Composition [0152] A study is performed to compare Composition 1 to an alternative composition, disclosed in the table below for wound healing. Both Composition 1 and the alternative composition will be administered to mice as in Example 2 to assess their capabilities for wound healing.
  • Table E Comparison of Composition 1 to Alternative Composition
  • Example 4 PROPHETIC EXAMPLE: Compare the Effect of Composition 2 to Alternative Composition [0153] A study is performed to compare Composition 2 to an alternative composition, disclosed in the table below for treating acne. Both Composition 2 and the alternative composition will be administered to subjects and assessed for their ability to reduce acne.
  • Table F Comparison of Composition 2 to Alternative Composition

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Abstract

Provided herein are oxygenated compositions comprising perfluorodecalin, a phospholipid source, water, wax, glycerin, vitamin E, one or more moisturizers, and one or more of pomegranate seed oil, a peptide formulation, sodium hyaluronate, salicylic acid, alcohol, and a pH adjustor. Methods of using the oxygenated compositions described herein to treat acne and wounds are also provided.

Description

OXYGEN-BASED TOPICAL COMPOSITIONS CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS [0001] This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Application No.63/763,109, filed on February 25, 2025, and U.S. Application No. 63/654,787, filed on May 31, 2024. These applications are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety for all purposes. BACKGROUND OF THE DISCLOSURE [0002] There is a need for oxygen-saturated compounds for treatment of inflammatory skin conditions such as acne, wounds, alopecia, hair loss which has been linked to oxidative stress. Hair loss prevention has been a topic of considerable interest. Currently, the three most effective treatments for hair loss are finasteride, minoxidil and a form of surgery called hair transplantation. Although hair transplant is considered a safe surgery, complications including postoperative pain, infection, wound dehiscence and skin necrosis may occur. SUMMARY OF THE DISCLOSURE [0003] Provided herein are oxygenated compositions comprising perfluorodecalin, a phospholipid source, water, wax, glycerin, vitamin E, one or more moisturizers, and one or more of pomegranate seed oil, a peptide formulation, sodium hyaluronate, salicylic acid, alcohol, and a pH adjustor. Methods of using the oxygenated compositions described herein to treat acne and wounds and to stimulate hair growth are also provided. [0004] Provided herein are compositions comprising: (a) perfluorodecalin; (b) a phospholipid source; (c) water; (d) a wax; (e) glycerin; (f) vitamin E; (g) one or more moisturizers; (h) pomegranate seed oil; (i) a peptide formulation comprising Gly-His-Lys and copper; (j) sodium hyaluronate; and k) a pH adjustor. In embodiments, the phospholipid source comprises hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine. In embodiments, the phospholipid source comprises from 90 % to 100 % phospholipids by weight. In embodiments, the phospholipid source is hydrogenated soybean lecithin containing not less than 90 % phosphatidylcholine by weight. In embodiments, the one or more moisturizers are selected from any one of (i) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol; (ii) 1,2-pentanediol, and (iii) panthenol. In embodiments, the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine; the one or more moisturizers are (i) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol; (ii) 1,2-pentanediol, and (iii) panthenol; and the pH adjustor is L-arginine. In embodiments, the composition comprise from about 0.1 % to about 0.5 % or from about 0.1 % to about 0.4 % vitamin E by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 5 % to about 40 %, from about 5 % to about 35 %, from about 5 % to about 30 %, from about 5 % to about 25 %, from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, from about 5 % to about 10 %, from about 10 % to about 40 %, from about 10 % to about 35 %, from about 10 % to about 30 %, from about 10% to about 25%, from about 10 % to about 20 %, or from about 10 % to about 15 % perfluorodecalin by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, or from about 5 % to about 10 % of the phospholipid source by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 0.5 % of pomegranate seed oil by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.05 % to about 0.15 % by weight of the peptide formulation comprising Gly-His-Lys and copper (II). In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.0025 % to about 0.0075 % by weight of sodium hyaluronate. In embodiments, the compositions comprise (a) from about 10 % to about 40 % perfluorodecalin by weight; (b) from about 5 % to about 15 % of a phospholipid source by weight, wherein the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine; (c) from about 20 % to about 50 % water by weight; [0005] (d) from about 1 % to about 5 % wax by weight; (e) from about 10 % to about 30 % glycerin by weight; (f) from 0.1 % to about 0.4 % vitamin E by weight; (g) one or more moisturizers, wherein the one or more moisturizers are (i) a formulation comprising 1,2- hexanediol and caprylyl glycol; (ii) 1,2-pentanediol, and (iii) panthenol; wherein the formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol is present at about 0.5 % to about 1.5 % by weight; wherein 1,2-pentanediol is present at about 1 % to about 3 % by weight; [0006] wherein panthenol is present at about 0.25 % to about 0.75 % by weight; (h) from about 0.1 % to about 0.5 % pomegranate seed oil by weight; (i) from about 0.05 % to about 0.15 % of the peptide formulation comprising Gly-His-Lys and copper (II) by weight; (j) from about 0.0025 % to about 0.0075 % of sodium hyaluronate by weight; and (k) from about 0.01 % to about 0.1 % by weight of the pH adjustor, wherein the pH adjustor is arginine. In embodiments, the compositions comprise or consist of: (a) about 30 % perfluorodecalin by weight; (b) about 10 % of a phospholipid source by weight, wherein the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine; (c) about 32.4 % water by weight; (d) about 3 % wax by weight; (e) about 20 % glycerin by weight; (f) about 0.25 % vitamin E by weight; (g) one or more moisturizers, wherein the one or more moisturizers are (i) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol; (ii) 1,2-pentanediol, and (iii) panthenol; wherein the formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol is present at about 1 % by weight; wherein 1,2-pentanediol is present at about 2 % by weight; wherein panthenol is present at about 0.5 % by weight; (h) about 0.25 % pomegranate seed oil by weight; (i) about 0.1 % of the peptide formulation comprising Gly-His-Lys and copper (II) acetate by weight; (j) about 0.005 % of sodium hyaluronate by weight; and (k) about 0.05 % by weight of the pH adjustor, wherein the pH adjustor is arginine. [0007] In embodiments, provided herein are compositions, comprising: (a) perfluorodecalin; (b) a phospholipid source; (c) water; d) a wax; (e) glycerin; (f) vitamin E; (g) one or more moisturizers; (h) sodium hyaluronate; (i) alcohol; (j) salicylic acid; (k) a formulation comprising 69.66 % silica dimethyl silylate, 20.23 % sodium chondroitin sulfate, and 10.11 % atelocollagen by weight; and (l) a pH adjustor. In embodiments, the phospholipid source comprises hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine. In embodiments, the phospholipid source comprises from 90 % to 100 % phospholipids by weight. In embodiments, the phospholipid source is hydrogenated soybean lecithin containing not less than 90 % phosphatidylcholine by weight. In embodiments, the one or more moisturizers are selected from any one of (i) butylene glycol, (ii) panthenol, (iii) squalane, (iv) C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate, (v) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol, and (vi) 1,2-pentanediol. In embodiments, the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine; the one or more moisturizers are i) butylene glycol, (ii) panthenol, (iii) squalane, (iv) C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate, (v) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol, and (vi) 1,2-pentanediol; and the pH adjustor is L-arginine. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.4 % to about 0.8 % of pH adjustor by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 5 % to about 40 %, from about 5 % to about 35 %, from about 5 % to about 30 %, from about 5 % to about 25 %, from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, from about 5 % to about 10 %, from about 10 % to about 40 %, from about 10 % to about 35 %, from about 10 % to about 30 %, from about 10% to about 25%, from about 10 % to about 20 %, or from about 10 % to about 15 % perfluorodecalin by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 1 % to about 10 %, from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, or from about 5 % to about 10 % of the phospholipid source by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 1 % to about 5 % of alcohol by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 1 % to about 3 % of salicylic acid by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.0025 % to about 0.0075 % by weight of sodium hyaluronate. In embodiments, the compositions comprise (a) from about 10 % to about 30 % of perfluorodecalin by weight; (b) from about 1 % to about 10 % of a phospholipid source by weight, wherein the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine; (c) from about 35 % to about 70 % water by weight; (d) from about 2.1 % to about 4 % wax by weight; (e) from about 1.5 % to about 2.5 % glycerin by weight; (f) from about 0.25 % to about 0.75 % vitamin E by weight; (g) one or more moisturizers, wherein the one or more moisturizers are (i) butylene glycol, (ii) panthenol, (iii) squalane, (iv) C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate, (v) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol, and (vi) 1,2-pentanediol; wherein butylene glycol is present at from 4 % to about 6 % by weight; wherein panthenol is present at about 0.1 % to about 2 % by weight; wherein squalane is present at about 0.25 % to about 0.75 % by weight; wherein C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate is present at about 0.5 % to about 1.5 % by weight; wherein the formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol is present at about 0.5 % to about 1.5 % by weight; wherein 1,2-pentanediol is present at about 1 % to about 3 % by weight; (h) from about 0.0025 % to about 0.0075 % of sodium hyaluronate; (i) from about 2 % to about 4 % alcohol by weight; (j) from about 1 % to about 3 % salicylic acid by weight; (k) from about 0.01 % to about 0.1 % by weight of the formulation comprising 69.66 % silica dimethyl silylate, 20.23 % sodium chondroitin sulfate, and 10.11 % atelocollagen by weight; and (l) from about 0.4 % to about 0.8 % of a pH adjustor by weight, wherein the pH adjustor is L-arginine. In embodiments, the compositions comprise or consist of (a) about 20 % of perfluorodecalin by weight; (b) about 6.6 % of a phospholipid source by weight, wherein the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine; (c) about 51.4 % water by weight; (d) about 3 % wax by weight; (e) about 2 % glycerin by weight; (f) about 0.5 % vitamin E by weight; (g) one or more moisturizers, wherein the one or more moisturizers are (i) butylene glycol, (ii) panthenol, (iii) squalane, (iv) C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate, (v) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol, and (vi) 1,2-pentanediol; wherein butylene glycol is present at about 5 % by weight; wherein panthenol is present at about 0.9 % by weight; wherein squalane is present at about 0.5 % by weight; wherein C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate is present at about 1 % by weight; wherein the formulation comprising 1,2- hexanediol and caprylyl glycol is present at about 1 % by weight; wherein 1,2-pentanediol is present at about 2 % by weight; (h) about 0.005 % of sodium hyaluronate; (i) about 3 % alcohol by weight; (j) about 2 % salicylic acid by weight; (k) about 0.05 % by weight of the formulation comprising 69.66 % silica dimethyl silylate, 20.23 % sodium chondroitin sulfate, and 10.11 % atelocollagen by weight; and (l) about 0.6 % of a pH adjustor by weight, wherein the pH adjustor is L-arginine. In embodiments, the alcohol contains 95 % alcohol by volume. In embodiments, the alcohol is ethanol. [0008] In embodiments, provided herein are wound dressings, acne patches, lotions, creams, gels, or liquids comprising the compositions described herein. In embodiments, provided herein are methods of treating acne and wounds comprising administering the compositions described herein to a subject in need thereof. In embodiments, provided herein are methods of stimulating hair growth comprising administering the compositions described herein to a subject in need thereof. In embodiments, provided herein are methods of improving a dermatological concern, including fine lines or wrinkles in a subject in need thereof. In embodiments, the subject is a human. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0009] Figs.1A-1B show the effect of treatment with Composition 1 on 30-day survival after 9.0 Gy RCI or 9.3 Gy RCI. Shown here are Kaplan-Meier survival curves for RCI mice exposed to 9.0 Gy (Fig. 1A) or 9.3 Gy (Fig.1B), treated with either Composition 1 or vehicle at 24 hours post-TBI, applied once daily until wound closure. RCI: radiation combined injury; Veh: Vehicle. Statistical analysis comparing Composition 1 to Vehicle was performed using the log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test with n = 20 per group. See Example 2 for experimental details. [0010] Figs. 2A-2D show the effects of Composition 1 on skin wound healing after wound alone, 9.0 Gy RCI, or 9.3 Gy RCI. Figs. 2A-2C show the percentage of skin wound closure (%) over time (day 1 to day 28 post-TBI) from mice exposed to skin wounding (Fig. 2A), 9.0 Gy RCI (Fig.2B), and 9.3 Gy RCI (Fig.2C) treated with Composition 1 or vehicle. B: wound linear healing rate for mice exposed to skin wounding, 9.0 Gy RCI, or 9.3 Gy RCI with Composition 1 or vehicle treatment between day 0 and day 7. Data are presented as mean±SEM. Wound: skin wounding alone; RCI: radiation combined with skin injury; Veh: Vehicle. *, p<0.05, Composition 1 vs. Vehicle, by two-way ANOVA followed by Šídák's multiple comparisons test; n = 10-20 per group per time point. See Example 2 for experimental details. [0011] Figs.3A-3C show the effect of Composition 1 on body weight loss after wound alone, 9.0 Gy RCI, or 9.3 Gy RCI. Shown here are body weights (grams) over time (day 0 to day 28 post-TBI) from mice that received Composition 1or vehicle subjected to skin wounding alone (Fig. 3A), 9.0 Gy RCI (Fig.3B), or 9.3 Gy RCI (Fig.3C). Data are presented as mean±SEM. Wound: skin wounding alone; RCI: radiation combined with skin injury; Veh: vehicle. Statistical analysis, SSOE vs. Vehicle: two-way ANOVA followed by Šídák's multiple comparisons test; n = 10-20 per group per time point. See Example 2 for experimental details. [0012] Fig.4 shows blood cell counts from Composition 1- or vehicle-treated mice on day 30 after sham, skin wounding, 9.0 Gy RCI, or 9.3 Gy RCI: white blood cells (WBC); neutrophils (NEU); lymphocytes (LYM); monocytes (MONO); eosinophils (EOS); basophils (BAS); red blood cells (RBC); hemoglobin (HGB); hematocrit (HCT); platelets (PLT). Data are presented as mean±SEM. Sham: sham injury; Wound: skin wounding alone; RCI: radiation combined with skin wounding; Veh: Vehicle. See Example 2 for experimental details. [0013] Figs. 5A-5B show the effects of Composition 1 treatment on spleen weights and splenocyte counts on day 30 after wounding alone or RCI. Fig. 5A shows spleen weight measurements, and Fig. 5B shows Splenocyte counts per spleen. Data are presented as mean±SEM. Sham: sham injury; Wound: skin wounding alone; RCI: radiation combined with skin RCI. A: Spleen weight measurements. B: Splenocyte counts per spleen. Data are presented as mean±SEM. Sham: sham injury; Wound: skin wounding alone; RCI: radiation combined with skin wounding; Veh: vehicle; * p<0.05 vs. Sham group; ^p<0.05 vs. respective vehicle group, determined by Student’s t-test. n=5 per group. See Example 2 for experimental details. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DISCLOSURE [0014] Oxygen plays a vital role in wound healing, and oxygen therapy is shown herein to be beneficial in treating damaged tissue and skin conditions. An oxygen-based emulsion such as a Supersaturated Oxygen Emulsion (SSOE) described in detail herein is a biocompatible emulsion comprising perfluorodecalin (PFD), and is manufactured in hyperbaric conditions and configured to rapidly and continuously release oxygen. SSOE technology harnesses high levels of oxygen with proven stability over time and delivers oxygen to targeted tissue with rapid and sustainable release. [0015] Perfluorocarbons (PFCs) are inert chemicals with great biocompatibility and oxygen- dissolving capacity. At room temperature, the solubility of oxygen (O2) is 40% or more in PFC, compared to 2.5% in water, 2.5% in plasma, and 20% in whole blood. Of all PFCs, PFD has been most widely used in medical applications due to its high oxygen-carrying capacity, dissolving 49 mL of oxygen per 100 mL of PFD at room temperature and pressure. PFCs including PFD are hydrophobic and therefore must be emulsified to promote water solubility. Embodiments described herein include use of two surfactants, Phospholipon 90H and Polawax, to emulsify the PFD emulsion but are not so limited. The emulsions described in detail herein can comprise at least one of a viscous solution, liquid crystal, cream, foam, gel, liquid, and spray but are not so limited. Definitions [0016] The following terms are intended to have the following general meaning as they may be used herein. The terms are not however limited to the meanings stated herein as the meanings of any term can include other meanings as understood or applied by one skilled in the art. [0017] The use of the terms “a” and “an” and “the” and similar referents in the context of describing the disclosure (especially in the context of the following claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. For example, if the range 10-15 is disclosed, then 11, 12, 13, and 14 are also disclosed. [0018] The term “about” refers to plus or minus 10% of the referenced number unless otherwise stated or otherwise evident by the context, and except where such a range would exceed 100 % of a possible value, or fall below 0 % of a possible value, such as less than 0 % content of an ingredient, or more than 100 % of the total contents of a composition. The term “about” is used synonymously with the term “approximately.” [0019] As used herein, the term “topical composition” refers to any formulation that is applied [0020] to the skin. In some embodiments, the disclosure describes “topical application” of the topical composition. As defined herein, “topical application” is application of a topical composition to the skin (e.g., by applying and gently rubbing into skin surface). [0021] As used herein, “treat” or “treating” means one or more of relieving, alleviating, delaying, reducing, reversing, improving, or managing at least one symptom of a disease, disorder, or concern in a subject. In embodiments, the disease, disorder, or concern is acne or a wound. [0022] The term “phospholipid source” refers to a composition comprising at least 85 % phospholipids by weight. [0023] “Fluorocarbon” as used herein includes a fluorinated hydrocarbon in which at least one hydrogen atom is replaced by a fluorine atom. [0024] “Perfluorocarbon” as used herein includes a substantially fluorinated or completely fluorinated material which is generally, but not necessarily, a liquid at ambient temperature and pressure and which has the ability to transport gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide. “Substantially fluorinated” as used herein includes that most of the hydrogen atoms of a compound have been replaced by fluorine atoms, such that further replacement does not substantially increase the gas transport capability of the material. This level is thought to be reached when at least about 80-90% of the hydrogen atoms have been replaced by fluorine atoms. [0025] “Emulsion” as used herein includes a system comprising a liquid dispersed with or without an emulsifier in an immiscible liquid in a form of stable (non-coalescing) droplets or microdroplets. [0026] “Continuous phase” as used herein includes the carrier phase of an emulsion, wherein the fluid elements are in continuous contact and not isolated from one another. [0027] “Dispersed phase” as used herein includes the phase of an emulsion, wherein the fluid elements are discrete and isolated from one another, as in the form of droplets or microdroplets, or contained within micelles. [0028] “Thickening agent” as used herein includes a chemical agent having the property that, when added to a liquid mixture, increases its viscosity, or resistance to flow. [0029] “Viscous solution” as used herein includes a solution with viscosity greater than about 50 cp, and which may or may not be dependent upon applied shear and/or temperature. [0030] “Gel” as used herein includes a semisolid that behaves like a solid at rest. Gels may flow at higher shear rates due to their shear thinning properties. The viscosity of gels may range from a thickened pourable liquid gel to a soft solid stick. [0031] “Liquid Crystals” as used herein includes orderly planes of oil and water separated by layers of surfactant. Under certain conditions, a combination of oil, water and surfactant will, instead of forming micelles, result in the formation of such liquid crystals. The liquid crystals may co-exist with regular emulsions. The presence of liquid crystals enhances the stability of the emulsion due to the formation of a covering “skin” around the droplets and also due to the formation of a three-dimensional network through the continuous phase. The covering “skin” prevents the coalescence of droplets. A layered structure also reduces the van der Waals attraction between the droplets, inhibiting coalescence. The three-dimensional network reduces the ability of the droplets to move within the continuous phase. Ingredients [0032] The compositions described herein may comprise one or more of the following ingredients: (i) a formulation comprising about 69.66 % silica dimethyl silylate, about 20.23 % sodium chondroitin sulfate; (ii) alcohol; (iii) butylene glycol; (iv) C12-15 alkyl benzoate; (v) water; (vi) panthenol; (vii) a peptide formulation; (viii) glycerin; (ix) sodium hyaluronate or hyaluronic acid; (x) 1,2-pentanediol; (xi) a pH adjuster; (xii) perfluorodecalin; (xiii) a phospholipid source; (xiv) wax; (xv) pomegranate seed oil; (xvi) salicylic acid; (xvii) squalane; (xviii) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol; and (xix) vitamin E. [0033] In embodiments, the compositions described herein comprise a formulation comprising about 69.66 % silica dimethyl silylate, about 20.23 % sodium chondroitin sulfate, and about 10.11 % atelocollagen by weight (e.g., AC MARINE PROTEIN PURE SPHERES). This formulation is referred to herein as “the atelocollagen formulation.” In embodiments, the compositions described herein comprise from about 0.01% to about 0.1% by weight, from about 0.02% to about 0.1% by weight, from about 0.03 % to about 0.1 % by weight, from about 0.04 % to about 0.1%, from about 0.05 % to about 0.1%, from about 0.06 % to about 0.1%, from about 0.07% to about 0.1%, from about 0.08% to about 0.1%, about from about 0.03% to about 0.06%, or from about 0.04% to about 0.06% of the atelocollagen formulation by weight. In embodiments the compositions comprise about 0.01%, about 0.015%, about 0.02%, about 0.025%, about 0.03%, about 0.035%, about 0.04%, about 0.045%, about 0.05%, about 0.055%, about 0.06%, about 0.065%, about 0.07%, about 0.075%, about 0.08%, about 0.085%, about 0.09%, about 0.095%, or about 0.1% of the atelocollagen formulation by weight of the composition. [0034] In embodiments, the compositions described herein comprise alcohol. In embodiments, the alcohol is denatured. In embodiments, the alcohol is from about 80 proof to about 300 proof alcohol. In embodiments, the alcohol is about 80 proof, about 85 proof, about 90 proof, about 95 proof, about 100 proof, about 105 proof, about 110 proof, about 115 proof, about 120 proof, about 125 proof, about 130 proof, about 135 proof, about 140 proof, about 145 proof, about 150 proof, about 155 proof, about 160 proof, about 165 proof, about 170 proof, about 175 proof, about 180 proof, about 185 proof, about 190 proof, about 195 proof, about 200 proof, about 205 proof, about 210 proof, about 215 proof, about 220 proof, about 225 proof, about 230 proof, about 235 proof, about 240 proof, about 245 proof, about 250 proof, about 255 proof, about 260 proof, about 265 proof, about 270 proof, about 275 proof, about 280 proof, about 285 proof, about 290 proof, about 295 proof, or about 300 proof. In embodiments, the composition comprises 190 proof alcohol (e.g., ETHANOL SDA 40B 190 Proof). In embodiments, the composition comprises alcohol comprising 95 % alcohol by volume. In embodiments, the alcohol is methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, or pentanol. In embodiments, the alcohol is an alcohol suitable for topical administration to the skin. In embodiments, the alcohol is ethanol. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 1 % to about 5 % alcohol by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 1%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, about 2%, about 2.1%, about 2.2%, about 2.3%, about 2.4%, about 2.5%, about 2.6%, about 2.7%, about 2.8%, about 2.9%, about 3%, about 3.1%, about 3.2%, about 3.3%, about 3.4%, about 3.5%, about 3.6%, about 3.7%, about 3.8%, about 3.9%, about 4%, about 4.1%, about 4.2%, about 4.3%, about 4.4%, about 4.5%, about 4.6%, about 4.7%, about 4.8%, about 4.9%, or about 5% alcohol by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 3 % alcohol by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 3 % alcohol by weight, wherein the alcohol is denatured alcohol comprising 95 % alcohol by volume. [0035] In embodiments, the compositions described herein comprise butylene glycol. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 1% to about 10%, from about 1% to about 8%, from about 2% to about 8%, or from about 3% to about 7% butylene glycol by weight In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 1%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, about 2%, about 2.1%, about 2.2%, about 2.3%, about 2.4%, about 2.5%, about 2.6%, about 2.7%, about 2.8%, about 2.9%, about 3%, about 3.1%, about 3.2%, about 3.3%, about 3.4%, about 3.5%, about 3.6%, about 3.7%, about 3.8%, about 3.9%, about 4%, about 4.1%, about 4.2%, about 4.3%, about 4.4%, about 4.5%, about 4.6%, about 4.7%, about 4.8%, about 4.9%, about 5%, about 5.1%, about 5.2%, about 5.3%, about 5.4%, about 5.5%, about 5.6%, about 5.7%, about 5.8%, about 5.9%, about 6%, about 6.1%, about 6.2%, about 6.3%, about 6.4%, about 6.5%, about 6.6%, about 6.7%, about 6.8%, about 6.9%, about 7%, about 7.1%, about 7.2%, about 7.3%, about 7.4%, about 7.5%, about 7.6%, about 7.7%, about 7.8%, about 7.9%, about 8%, about 8.1%, about 8.2%, about 8.3%, about 8.4%, about 8.5%, about 8.6%, about 8.7%, about 8.8%, about 8.9%, about 9%, about 9.1%, about 9.2%, about 9.3%, about 9.4%, about 9.5%, about 9.6%, about 9.7%, about 9.8%, about 9.9%, or about 10% butylene glycol by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 5% butylene glycol by weight. [0036] In embodiments, the compositions comprise C12-15 alkyl benzoate. C12-15 alkyl benzoate has the chemical structure of: , wherein R is a primary or branched alkyl group containing from 12 carbons to 15 carbons. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 2 % C12-15 alkyl benzoate by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.1%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, or about 2% C12-15 alkyl benzoate by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 1 % C12-15 alkyl benzoate by weight. [0037] In embodiments, the compositions comprise water. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 20 % to about 70 % of water by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, about 25%, about 26%, about 27%, about 28%, about 29%, about 30%, about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39%, about 40%, about 41%, about 42%, about 43%, about 44%, about 45%, about 46%, about 47%, about 48%, about 49%, about 50%, about 51%, about 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, about 64%, about 65%, about 66%, about 67%, about 68%, about 69%, or about 70% water by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 51.4 % water by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 32.4 % water by weight. [0038] In embodiments, the compositions comprise panthenol (i.e., 2,4-dihydroxy-N-(3- hydroxypropyl)-3,3-dimethylbutanamide). In embodiments, the compositions comprise D- panthenol. In embodiments, the compositions comprise L-panthenol. In embodiments, the compositions comprise a mixture of D-panthenol and L-panthenol. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1% to about 2 % panthenol by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.1%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, or about 2.0% panthenol by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.9 % panthenol by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.5 % panthenol by weight by weight. [0039] In embodiments, the compositions comprise a peptide formulation. In embodiments, the peptide formulation comprises the peptide Gly-His-Lys. In embodiments, the peptide formulation comprises the peptide Gly-His-Lys-Gly-His-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 1). In embodiments, the peptide is complexed to a metal ion. In embodiments, metal ion is copper, silver, or tin. In embodiments, the metal ion is copper (I) or copper (II). In embodiments, the peptide formulation comprises copper (II) acetate or copper (I) acetate. In embodiments, the peptide formulation comprises the peptide Gly-His-Lys or Gly-His-Lys-Gly-His-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 1) and copper (II) acetate. In embodiments, the peptide formulation comprises the peptide Gly-His-Lys Lys or Gly-His-Lys-Gly-His-Lys (SEQ ID NO: 1) and copper (I) acetate. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.01 % to about 1 %, 0.01 % to about 0.5 %, or from about 0.05 % to about 0.15 % of the peptide formulation by weight. In embodiments, the composition comprises about 0.01%, about 0.02%, about 0.03%, about 0.04%, about 0.05%, about 0.06%, about 0.07%, about 0.08%, about 0.09%, about 0.1%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, about 0.3%, about 0.31%, about 0.32%, about 0.33%, about 0.34%, about 0.35%, about 0.36%, about 0.37%, about 0.38%, about 0.39%, about 0.4%, about 0.41%, about 0.42%, about 0.43%, about 0.44%, about 0.45%, about 0.46%, about 0.47%, about 0.48%, about 0.49%, about 0.5%, about 0.51%, about 0.52%, about 0.53%, about 0.54%, about 0.55%, about 0.56%, about 0.57%, about 0.58%, about 0.59%, about 0.6%, about 0.61%, about 0.62%, about 0.63%, about 0.64%, about 0.65%, about 0.66%, about 0.67%, about 0.68%, about 0.69%, about 0.7%, about 0.71%, about 0.72%, about 0.73%, about 0.74%, about 0.75%, about 0.76%, about 0.77%, about 0.78%, about 0.79%, about 0.8%, about 0.81%, about 0.82%, about 0.83%, about 0.84%, about 0.85%, about 0.86%, about 0.87%, about 0.88%, about 0.89%, about 0.9%, about 0.91%, about 0.92%, about 0.93%, about 0.94%, about 0.95%, about 0.96%, about 0.97%, about 0.98%, about 0.99%, or about 1% of the peptide formulation by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.1 % by weight of the peptide formulation. [0040] In embodiments, the compositions comprise glycerin. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 30 %, from about 0.1 % to about 25 %, from about 0.1 % to about 20 %, from about 15 % to about 25 %, or from about 1 % to about 3 % glycerin by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, about 25%, about 26%, about 27%, about 28%, about 29%, or about 30% glycerin by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween. In embodiments, the glycerin is from about 99 % to about 100 % pure. In embodiments, the glycerin is about 99.5 %, about 99.6 %, about 99.7%, about 99.8%, about 99.9 %, or about 100% pure. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 2 % glycerin by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 20 % glycerin by weight. [0041] In embodiments, the compositions comprise hyaluronic acid or sodium hyaluronate. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 1 % by weight of 1 % hyaluronic acid or sodium hyaluronate. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.1%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, about 0.3%, about 0.31%, about 0.32%, about 0.33%, about 0.34%, about 0.35%, about 0.36%, about 0.37%, about 0.38%, about 0.39%, about 0.4%, about 0.41%, about 0.42%, about 0.43%, about 0.44%, about 0.45%, about 0.46%, about 0.47%, about 0.48%, about 0.49%, about 0.5%, about 0.51%, about 0.52%, about 0.53%, about 0.54%, about 0.55%, about 0.56%, about 0.57%, about 0.58%, about 0.59%, about 0.6%, about 0.61%, about 0.62%, about 0.63%, about 0.64%, about 0.65%, about 0.66%, about 0.67%, about 0.68%, about 0.69%, about 0.7%, about 0.71%, about 0.72%, about 0.73%, about 0.74%, about 0.75%, about 0.76%, about 0.77%, about 0.78%, about 0.79%, about 0.8%, about 0.81%, about 0.82%, about 0.83%, about 0.84%, about 0.85%, about 0.86%, about 0.87%, about 0.88%, about 0.89%, about 0.9%, about 0.91%, about 0.92%, about 0.93%, about 0.94%, about 0.95%, about 0.96%, about 0.97%, about 0.98%, about 0.99%, or about 1% by weight of 1 % hyaluronic acid or sodium hyaluronate. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.5 % by weight of 1 % hyaluronic acid or sodium hyaluronate. [0042] In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.001 % to about 0.1 % by weight of hyaluronic acid or sodium hyaluronate. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.001%, about 0.002%, about 0.003%, about 0.004%, about 0.005%, about 0.006%, about 0.007%, about 0.008%, about 0.009%, about 0.01%, about 0.011%, about 0.012%, about 0.013%, about 0.014%, about 0.015%, about 0.016%, about 0.017%, about 0.018%, about 0.019%, about 0.02%, about 0.021%, about 0.022%, about 0.023%, about 0.024%, about 0.025%, about 0.026%, about 0.027%, about 0.028%, about 0.029%, about 0.03%, about 0.031%, about 0.032%, about 0.033%, about 0.034%, about 0.035%, about 0.036%, about 0.037%, about 0.038%, about 0.039%, about 0.04%, about 0.041%, about 0.042%, about 0.043%, about 0.044%, about 0.045%, about 0.046%, about 0.047%, about 0.048%, about 0.049%, about 0.05%, about 0.051%, about 0.052%, about 0.053%, about 0.054%, about 0.055%, about 0.056%, about 0.057%, about 0.058%, about 0.059%, about 0.06%, about 0.061%, about 0.062%, about 0.063%, about 0.064%, about 0.065%, about 0.066%, about 0.067%, about 0.068%, about 0.069%, about 0.07%, about 0.071%, about 0.072%, about 0.073%, about 0.074%, about 0.075%, about 0.076%, about 0.077%, about 0.078%, about 0.079%, about 0.08%, about 0.081%, about 0.082%, about 0.083%, about 0.084%, about 0.085%, about 0.086%, about 0.087%, about 0.088%, about 0.089%, about 0.09%, about 0.091%, about 0.092%, about 0.093%, about 0.094%, about 0.095%, about 0.096%, about 0.097%, about 0.098%, about 0.099%, about 0.1% by weight of hyaluronic acid or sodium hyaluronate. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.005 % by weight of hyaluronic acid or sodium hyaluronate. [0043] In embodiments, the compositions comprise 1,2-pentanediol (e.g., HYDROLITE 5). In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 5 %, from about 1 % to about 5 %, or from about 1 % to about 3 % of 1,2-pentanediol by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, about 2%, about 2.1%, about 2.2%, about 2.3%, about 2.4%, about 2.5%, about 2.6%, about 2.7%, about 2.8%, about 2.9%, about 3%, about 3.1%, about 3.2%, about 3.3%, about 3.4%, about 3.5%, about 3.6%, about 3.7%, about 3.8%, about 3.9%, about 4%, about 4.1%, about 4.2%, about 4.3%, about 4.4%, about 4.5%, about 4.6%, about 4.7%, about 4.8%, about 4.9%, about 5% of 1,2- pentanediol by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 2 % of 1,2-pentanediol by weight. [0044] In embodiments, the compositions comprise a pH adjuster. In embodiments, the pH adjuster is L-arginine. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.01 % to about 0.1 %, from about 0.4 % to about 0.8 %, from about 0.2 % to about 1 %, from about 0.01 % to about 2 % of L-arginine by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.01%, about 0.02%, about 0.03%, about 0.04%, about 0.05%, about 0.06%, about 0.07%, about 0.08%, about 0.09%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, about 2% of L- arginine by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.6 % of L-arginine by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.05 % of L-arginine by weight. [0045] In embodiments, the compositions comprise perfluorodecalin. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 5 % to about 40 %, from about 10 % to about 40 %, from about 10 % to about 30 %, from 10 % to about 20 %, or from about 20 % to about 40 % of perfluorodecalin by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, about 20%, about 21%, about 22%, about 23%, about 24%, about 25%, about 26%, about 27%, about 28%, about 29%, about 30%, about 31%, about 32%, about 33%, about 34%, about 35%, about 36%, about 37%, about 38%, about 39%, about 40% perfluorodecalin by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 20 % perfluorodecalin by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 30 % perfluorodecalin by weight. In embodiments, the perfluorodecalin is from about 90 % to 100 % pure. In embodiments, the perfluorodecalin is about 90 %, about 91 %, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or 100 % pure. [0046] In embodiments, the compositions comprise a phospholipid source (e.g., PHOSPHOLIPON 90H). In embodiments, the phospholipid source comprises from about 90 % to about 100 % of phospholipids by weight. In embodiments, the phospholipid source comprises a hydrogenated phospholipid. In embodiments, the phospholipid source comprises hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 1 % to about 20 %, from about 3 % to about 10 %, from about 5 % to about 7 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, or from about 8 % to about 12 % of phospholipid source by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 1%, about 2%, about 3%, about 4%, about 5%, about 6%, about 7%, about 8%, about 9%, about 10%, about 11%, about 12%, about 13%, about 14%, about 15%, about 16%, about 17%, about 18%, about 19%, or about 20% of phospholipid source by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise 6.6 % phospholipid source by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise 10 % phospholipid source by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise 6.6 % or 10 % phospholipid source by weight, wherein the phospholipid source comprises from 90 % to 100 % phosphatidylcholine. In embodiments, the phospholipid source is hydrogenated soybean lecithin containing not less than 90 % phosphatidylcholine. [0047] In embodiments, the compositions comprise wax (e.g., SP POLAWAXITM NF MBAL-PA-(MH)). In embodiments, the wax comprises a blend of fatty alcohol and ethoxylated sorbitan ester. In embodiments, the wax comprises cetearyl alcohol and/or polysorbate 60. In embodiments, the wax comprises from about 70 % to 80 % cetearyl alcohol and about 20 to about 30 % polysorbate 60 by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.5 % to about 5 %, from about 1 % to about 5 %, or from about 2 % to about 4 % of wax by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, about 2%, about 2.1%, about 2.2%, about 2.3%, about 2.4%, about 2.5%, about 2.6%, about 2.7%, about 2.8%, about 2.9%, about 3%, about 3.1%, about 3.2%, about 3.3%, about 3.4%, about 3.5%, about 3.6%, about 3.7%, about 3.8%, about 3.9%, about 4%, about 4.1%, about 4.2%, about 4.3%, about 4.4%, about 4.5%, about 4.6%, about 4.7%, about 4.8%, about 4.9%, or about 5% wax by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 3 % wax by weight. [0048] In embodiments, the compositions comprise pomegranate seed oil. In embodiments, pomegranate seed oil is made by pressing or extracting pomegranate seeds (seeds from the plant Punica granatum) using mechanical pressure, carbon dioxide, or other solvents. In embodiments, pomegranate seed oil comprises triglycerides. In embodiments, the pomegranate seed oil comprises a linolenic fatty acid. In embodiments, the pomegranate seed oil comprises from about 50 % to about 100 %, from about 50 % to about 90 %, from about 50 % to about 80 %, from about 50 % to about 70 %, or from about 60 % to about 80 % linolenic fatty acid by weight, including about 50%, about 51%, about 52%, about 53%, about 54%, about 55%, about 56%, about 57%, about 58%, about 59%, about 60%, about 61%, about 62%, about 63%, about 64%, about 65%, about 66%, about 67%, about 68%, about 69%, about 70%, about 71%, about 72%, about 73%, about 74%, about 75%, about 76%, about 77%, about 78%, about 79%, about 80%, about 81%, about 82%, about 83%, about 84%, about 85%, about 86%, about 87%, about 88%, about 89%, about 90 %, about 91%, about 92%, about 93%, about 94%, about 95%, about 96%, about 97%, about 98%, about 99%, or about 100 % linolenic fatty acid by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween. In embodiments, the linolenic fatty acid is punicic acid. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 0.5 % pomegranate seed oil by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.1%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, about 0.3%, about 0.31%, about 0.32%, about 0.33%, about 0.34%, about 0.35%, about 0.36%, about 0.37%, about 0.38%, about 0.39%, about 0.4%, about 0.41%, about 0.42%, about 0.43%, about 0.44%, about 0.45%, about 0.46%, about 0.47%, about 0.48%, about 0.49%, or about 0.5% pomegranate seed oil by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.25% pomegranate seed oil by weight. [0049] In embodiments, the compositions comprise rosemary extract. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 0.5 % rosemary extract by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.1%, about 0.11%, about 0.12%, about 0.13%, about 0.14%, about 0.15%, about 0.16%, about 0.17%, about 0.18%, about 0.19%, about 0.2%, about 0.21%, about 0.22%, about 0.23%, about 0.24%, about 0.25%, about 0.26%, about 0.27%, about 0.28%, about 0.29%, about 0.3%, about 0.31%, about 0.32%, about 0.33%, about 0.34%, about 0.35%, about 0.36%, about 0.37%, about 0.38%, about 0.39%, about 0.4%, about 0.41%, about 0.42%, about 0.43%, about 0.44%, about 0.45%, about 0.46%, about 0.47%, about 0.48%, about 0.49%, or about 0.5% rosemary extract by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.25% rosemary extract by weight. [0050] In embodiments, the compositions comprise salicylic acid. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 5 % salicylic acid by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, about 2%, about 2.1%, about 2.2%, about 2.3%, about 2.4%, about 2.5%, about 2.6%, about 2.7%, about 2.8%, about 2.9%, about 3%, about 3.1%, about 3.2%, about 3.3%, about 3.4%, about 3.5%, about 3.6%, about 3.7%, about 3.8%, about 3.9%, about 4%, about 4.1%, about 4.2%, about 4.3%, about 4.4%, about 4.5%, about 4.6%, about 4.7%, about 4.8%, about 4.9%, or about 5% salicylic acid by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 2 % salicylic acid. [0051] In embodiments, the compositions comprise squalane. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 1 % squalane by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, or about 1% squalane by weight, including all values and ranges therebetween. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.5 % squalane by weight. [0052] In embodiments, the compositions comprise a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol (e.g., SYMDIOL 68). In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 5 %, from about 0.5 % to about 1.5%, or from about 0.1 % to about 2 % by weight of the formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, about 1%, about 1.1%, about 1.2%, about 1.3%, about 1.4%, about 1.5%, about 1.6%, about 1.7%, about 1.8%, about 1.9%, about 2%, about 2.1%, about 2.2%, about 2.3%, about 2.4%, about 2.5%, about 2.6%, about 2.7%, about 2.8%, about 2.9%, about 3%, about 3.1%, about 3.2%, about 3.3%, about 3.4%, about 3.5%, about 3.6%, about 3.7%, about 3.8%, about 3.9%, about 4%, about 4.1%, about 4.2%, about 4.3%, about 4.4%, about 4.5%, about 4.6%, about 4.7%, about 4.8%, about 4.9%, or about 5% of the formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol, including all values and ranges therebetween. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 1 % by weight of the formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol. [0053] In embodiments, the compositions comprise vitamin E. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 1 %, from about 0.1 % to about 0.9%, from about 0.1% to about 0.8%, from about 0.1% to about 0.7%, from about 0.1% to about 0.6%, from about 0.1% to about 0.5%, from about 0.1% to about 0.4%, from about 0.1% to about 0.3%, from about 0.4% to about 0.6%, or from about 0.2% to about 0.3% of vitamin E. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.01%, about 0.02%, about 0.03%, about 0.04%, about 0.05%, about 0.06%, about 0.07%, about 0.08%, about 0.09%, about 0.1%, about 0.2%, about 0.3%, about 0.4%, about 0.5%, about 0.6%, about 0.7%, about 0.8%, about 0.9%, or about 1% of vitamin E, including all values and ranges therebetween. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.5% vitamin E by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise about 0.25% vitamin E by weight. [0054] In embodiments, the compositions comprise oxygen. In embodiments, the compositions are supersaturated with oxygen in a high-pressure chamber. In embodiments, oxygen is added to the composition by charging the composition with oxygen at 180 psig. In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 500 Torr to about 1000 Torr of oxygen. In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein comprise at least about 500 Torr of oxygen, at least about 600 Torr of oxygen, at least about 700 Torr of oxygen, at least about 800 Torr of oxygen, at least about 900 Torr of oxygen, or at least about 1000 Torr of oxygen. In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein comprise about 500 Torr, about 505 Torr, about 510 Torr, about 515 Torr, about 520 Torr, about 525 Torr, about 530 Torr, about 535 Torr, about 540 Torr, about 545 Torr, about 550 Torr, about 555 Torr, about 560 Torr, about 565 Torr, about 570 Torr, about 575 Torr, about 580 Torr, about 585 Torr, about 590 Torr, about 595 Torr, about 600 Torr, about 605 Torr, about 610 Torr, about 615 Torr, about 620 Torr, about 625 Torr, about 630 Torr, about 635 Torr, about 640 Torr, about 645 Torr, about 650 Torr, about 655 Torr, about 660 Torr, about 665 Torr, about 670 Torr, about 675 Torr, about 680 Torr, about 685 Torr, about 690 Torr, about 695 Torr, about 700 Torr, about 705 Torr, about 710 Torr, about 715 Torr, about 720 Torr, about 725 Torr, about 730 Torr, about 735 Torr, about 740 Torr, about 745 Torr, about 750 Torr, about 755 Torr, about 760 Torr, about 765 Torr, about 770 Torr, about 775 Torr, about 780 Torr, about 785 Torr, about 790 Torr, about 795 Torr, about 800 Torr, about 805 Torr, about 810 Torr, about 815 Torr, about 820 Torr, about 825 Torr, about 830 Torr, about 835 Torr, about 840 Torr, about 845 Torr, about 850 Torr, about 855 Torr, about 860 Torr, about 865 Torr, about 870 Torr, about 875 Torr, about 880 Torr, about 885 Torr, about 890 Torr, about 895 Torr, about 900 Torr, about 905 Torr, about 910 Torr, about 915 Torr, about 920 Torr, about 925 Torr, about 930 Torr, about 935 Torr, about 940 Torr, about 945 Torr, about 950 Torr, about 955 Torr, about 960 Torr, about 965 Torr, about 970 Torr, about 975 Torr, about 980 Torr, about 985 Torr, about 990 Torr, about 995 Torr, about 1000 Torr of oxygen, including any value or range therebetween. [0055] In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein comprise from 500 Torr to about 1000 Torr of oxygen for from about 6 months to about 20 years, including 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 6 years, 7 years, 8 years, 9 years, 10 years, 11 years, 12 years, 13 years, 14 years, 15 years, 16 years, 17 years, 18 years, 19 years, or 20 years, including all values and ranges therebetween. In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein comprise at least about 500 Torr of oxygen, at least about 600 Torr of oxygen, at least about 700 Torr of oxygen, at least about 800 Torr of oxygen, at least about 900 Torr of oxygen, or at least about 1000 Torr of oxygen for from about 6 months to about 20 years, including 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 6 years, 7 years, 8 years, 9 years, 10 years, 11 years, 12 years, 13 years, 14 years, 15 years, 16 years, 17 years, 18 years, 19 years, or 20 years, including all values and ranges therebetween. In embodiments, the compositions disclosed herein comprise about 500 Torr, about 505 Torr, about 510 Torr, about 515 Torr, about 520 Torr, about 525 Torr, about 530 Torr, about 535 Torr, about 540 Torr, about 545 Torr, about 550 Torr, about 555 Torr, about 560 Torr, about 565 Torr, about 570 Torr, about 575 Torr, about 580 Torr, about 585 Torr, about 590 Torr, about 595 Torr, about 600 Torr, about 605 Torr, about 610 Torr, about 615 Torr, about 620 Torr, about 625 Torr, about 630 Torr, about 635 Torr, about 640 Torr, about 645 Torr, about 650 Torr, about 655 Torr, about 660 Torr, about 665 Torr, about 670 Torr, about 675 Torr, about 680 Torr, about 685 Torr, about 690 Torr, about 695 Torr, about 700 Torr, about 705 Torr, about 710 Torr, about 715 Torr, about 720 Torr, about 725 Torr, about 730 Torr, about 735 Torr, about 740 Torr, about 745 Torr, about 750 Torr, about 755 Torr, about 760 Torr, about 765 Torr, about 770 Torr, about 775 Torr, about 780 Torr, about 785 Torr, about 790 Torr, about 795 Torr, about 800 Torr, about 805 Torr, about 810 Torr, about 815 Torr, about 820 Torr, about 825 Torr, about 830 Torr, about 835 Torr, about 840 Torr, about 845 Torr, about 850 Torr, about 855 Torr, about 860 Torr, about 865 Torr, about 870 Torr, about 875 Torr, about 880 Torr, about 885 Torr, about 890 Torr, about 895 Torr, about 900 Torr, about 905 Torr, about 910 Torr, about 915 Torr, about 920 Torr, about 925 Torr, about 930 Torr, about 935 Torr, about 940 Torr, about 945 Torr, about 950 Torr, about 955 Torr, about 960 Torr, about 965 Torr, about 970 Torr, about 975 Torr, about 980 Torr, about 985 Torr, about 990 Torr, about 995 Torr, about 1000 Torr of oxygen for from about 6 months to about 20 years, including 6 months, 7 months, 8 months, 9 months, 10 months, 11 months, 12 months, 1 year, 2 years, 3 years, 4 years, 5 years, 6 years, 7 years, 8 years, 9 years, 10 years, 11 years, 12 years, 13 years, 14 years, 15 years, 16 years, 17 years, 18 years, 19 years, or 20 years, including all values and ranges therebetween. [0056] The amount of oxygen in a composition used herein is measured using an OXY-1 SMA-BT Oxygen Meter (an oxygen sensor manufactured by PRESENS PRECISION SENSING, presens.de/products/detail/oxy-1-sma-bt-oxygen-meter). Exemplary Formulations [0057] In embodiments, provided herein are compositions comprising: (a) perfluorodecalin; (b) a phospholipid source; (c) water; (d) a wax; (e) glycerin; f) vitamin E; (g) one or more moisturizers; (h) pomegranate seed oil; (i) a peptide formulation comprising Gly-His-Lys and copper (II); (j) sodium hyaluronate; and (k) a pH adjustor. In embodiments, the phospholipid source comprises hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine. In embodiments, the phospholipid source comprises from 90 % to 100 % phospholipids by weight. In embodiments, the phospholipid source is hydrogenated soybean lecithin containing not less than 90 % phosphatidylcholine by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise one or more moisturizers selected from any one of (i) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol; (ii) 1,2- pentanediol, and (iii) panthenol. In embodiments, the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine. In embodiments, the pH adjustor is L-arginine. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 0.5 % or from about 0.1% to about 0.4% vitamin E by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 5 % to about 40 %, from about 5 % to about 35 %, from about 5 % to about 30 %, from about 5 % to about 25 %, from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, from about 5 % to about 10 %, from about 10 % to about 40 %, from about 10 % to about 35 %, from about 10 % to about 30 %, from about 10% to about 25%, from about 10 % to about 20 %, or from about 10 % to about 15 % perfluorodecalin by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, or from about 5 % to about 10 % of the phospholipid source by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1 % to about 0.5 % of pomegranate seed oil by weight. In embodiments, the compositions compise from about 0.05 % to about 0.15 % by weight of the peptide formulation comprising Gly-His-Lys and copper (II). In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.0025 % to about 0.0075 % by weight of sodium hyaluronate. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 20 % to about 50 % water by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 1 % to about 5 % wax by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 10 % to about 30 % glycerin by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.5 % to about 1.5 % by weight of a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.25 % to about 0.75% panthenol by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.1% to about 0.5% pomegranate seed oil by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.05 % to about 0.15 % of the peptide formulation comprising Gly-His- Lys and copper (II) by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.0025 % to about 0.0075 % of sodium hyaluronate by weight. In embodiments, the compositions comprise from about 0.01 % to about 0.1 % by weight of the pH adjustor (e.g., L-arginine). In embodiments, the composition is Composition 1, which is shown in Table 1, below. Table 1 : Ingredients in Composition 1 [0058] In embodiments, provided herein are compositions comprising: (a) perfluorodecalin; (b) a phospholipid source; (c) water; (d) a wax; (e) glycerin; (f) vitamin E; (g) one or more moisturizers; (h) sodium hyaluronate; (i) alcohol; (j) salicylic acid; (k) a formulation comprising 69.66 % silica dimethyl silylate, 20.23 % sodium chondroitin sulfate, and 10.11 % atelocollagen by weight; and (l) a pH adjustor. In embodiments, the phospholipid source comprises hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine. In embodiments, the phospholipid source comprises from 90 % to 100 % phospholipids by weight. In embodiments, the phospholipid source is hydrogenated soybean lecithin containing not less than 90 % phosphatidylcholine by weight. In embodiments, the composition comprises the one or more moisturizers selected from any one of (i) butylene glycol, (ii) panthenol, (iii) squalane, (iv) C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate, (v) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol, and (vi) 1,2-pentanediol. In embodiments, the pH adjustor is L-arginine. In embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.4 % to about 0.8 % of the pH adjustor by weight. In embodiments, the composition comprises from about 5 % to about 40 %, from about 5 % to about 35 %, from about 5 % to about 30 %, from about 5 % to about 25 %, from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, from about 5 % to about 10 %, from about 10 % to about 40 %, from about 10 % to about 35 %, from about 10 % to about 30 %, from about 10% to about 25%, from about 10 % to about 20 %, or from about 10 % to about 15 % perfluorodecalin by weight. In embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1 % to about 10 %, from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, or from about 5 % to about 10 % of the phospholipid source by weight. In embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1 % to about 5 % of alcohol by weight. In embodiments, the composition comprises from about 1 % to about 3 % of salicylic acid by weight. In embodiments, the composition comprises from about 0.0025 % to about 0.0075 % by weight of sodium hyaluronate. In embodiments, the composition is Composition 2, which is shown in Table 2, below. Table 2: Ingredients in Composition 2. [0059] In embodiments, Composition 1 and/or Composition 2 comprise from 500 Torr to about 1000 Torr of oxygen. In embodiments, Composition 1 and/or Composition 2 comprise at least about 500 Torr of oxygen, at least about 600 Torr of oxygen, at least about 700 Torr of oxygen, at least about 800 Torr of oxygen, at least about 900 Torr of oxygen, or at least about 1000 Torr of oxygen. In embodiments, Composition 1 and/or 2 comprise about 500 Torr, about 505 Torr, about 510 Torr, about 515 Torr, about 520 Torr, about 525 Torr, about 530 Torr, about 535 Torr, about 540 Torr, about 545 Torr, about 550 Torr, about 555 Torr, about 560 Torr, about 565 Torr, about 570 Torr, about 575 Torr, about 580 Torr, about 585 Torr, about 590 Torr, about 595 Torr, about 600 Torr, about 605 Torr, about 610 Torr, about 615 Torr, about 620 Torr, about 625 Torr, about 630 Torr, about 635 Torr, about 640 Torr, about 645 Torr, about 650 Torr, about 655 Torr, about 660 Torr, about 665 Torr, about 670 Torr, about 675 Torr, about 680 Torr, about 685 Torr, about 690 Torr, about 695 Torr, about 700 Torr, about 705 Torr, about 710 Torr, about 715 Torr, about 720 Torr, about 725 Torr, about 730 Torr, about 735 Torr, about 740 Torr, about 745 Torr, about 750 Torr, about 755 Torr, about 760 Torr, about 765 Torr, about 770 Torr, about 775 Torr, about 780 Torr, about 785 Torr, about 790 Torr, about 795 Torr, about 800 Torr, about 805 Torr, about 810 Torr, about 815 Torr, about 820 Torr, about 825 Torr, about 830 Torr, about 835 Torr, about 840 Torr, about 845 Torr, about 850 Torr, about 855 Torr, about 860 Torr, about 865 Torr, about 870 Torr, about 875 Torr, about 880 Torr, about 885 Torr, about 890 Torr, about 895 Torr, about 900 Torr, about 905 Torr, about 910 Torr, about 915 Torr, about 920 Torr, about 925 Torr, about 930 Torr, about 935 Torr, about 940 Torr, about 945 Torr, about 950 Torr, about 955 Torr, about 960 Torr, about 965 Torr, about 970 Torr, about 975 Torr, about 980 Torr, about 985 Torr, about 990 Torr, about 995 Torr, about 1000 Torr of oxygen, including any value or range therebetween. [0060] Embodiments herein include oxygen-based emulsions for use in treating acne. The emulsions of embodiments described in detail herein generally include but are not limited to the following components: deionized water; butylene glycol; glycerin; D,L-Panthenol powder (also referred to as Pro-Vitamin B5; a stable racemic mixture of D-Panthenol and L- Panthenol); L-Arginine powder; Phospholipon 90H (liquid, non-aqueous concentrates of phospholipids in combination with oils or a water-miscible solvent); Polawax; Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD); Squalane (moisturizing ingredient produced from squalene, an oily substance found in people, animals, and plants); C12-15 alkyl benzoate; Vitamin E acetate; AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (marine-derived proteins/peptides); Alcohol 40B (190 proof) (also referred to as denatured ethanol formula 40B); salicylic acid USP, Hyaluronic acid 1%; Symdiol 68 (a synergistic blend of 1,2-Hexanediol and Caprylyl Glycol); and Pentylene glycol (e.g., Hydrolite 5). The emulsion is then supersaturated with medical grade oxygen gas in a high-pressure chamber as described in detail herein. [0061] Particular formulations of oxygen-based emulsions are now described in detail with the concentration of each component in the emulsion represented as a weight/weight percentage (%w/w) (calculated as the weight of the component or solute (in grams) per total weight of the solution (in grams) multiplied by 100%). [0062] An example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of an embodiment includes but is not limited to the following components: deionized water (51.45% w/w); butylene glycol (5.00% w/w); glycerin (2.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol powder (0.90% w/w); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w); Phospholipon 90H (6.60% w/w); Polawax (3.00% w/w); Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (20.00% w/w); Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate (0.50% w/w); AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (marine-derived proteins/peptides) (0.05% w/w); Alcohol 40B (190 proof) (3.00% w/w); Salicylic acid USP (2.00% w/w); Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w); Symdiol 68 (1.00% w/w); and Pentylene glycol (2.00% w/w). The emulsion is then supersaturated with medical grade oxygen gas in a high-pressure chamber to form the SSOE. [0063] Preparation of the example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of this embodiment can include numerous phases each of which involves the addition a set of the emulsion components. For example, a first phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components: deionized water (51.45% w/w); butylene glycol (5.00% w/w); glycerin (2.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol powder (0.90% w/w); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w); and Phospholipon 90H (6.60% w/w). A second phase comprises adding the Polawax (3.00% w/w) to the composition of the first phase. A third phase comprises adding the Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (20.00% w/w) to the composition of the second phase. A fourth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the third phase: Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate (0.50% w/w); and AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (marine-derived proteins/peptides) (0.05% w/w). A fifth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fourth phase: Alcohol 40B (190 proof) (3.00% w/w); Salicylic acid USP (premix with the alcohol) (2.00% w/w); and Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w). A sixth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fifth phase: Symdiol 68 (1.00% w/w); and Pentylene glycol (2.00% w/w). A seventh phase comprises supersaturating the composition of the sixth phase with medical grade oxygen gas in a high- pressure chamber to form the SSOE. [0064] An example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of an alternative embodiment includes but is not limited to the following components: deionized water (51.00% w/w); butylene glycol (5.00% w/w); glycerin (2.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol powder (1.85% w/w); Phospholipon 90H (6.60% w/w); Polawax (3.00% w/w); Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (20.00% w/w); Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate (0.50% w/w); AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (marine-derived proteins/peptides) (0.05% w/w); Alcohol 40B (190 proof) (3.00% w/w); Salicylic acid USP (2.00% w/w); Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w); Symdiol 68 (1.00% w/w); and Pentylene glycol (2.00% w/w). The emulsion is then supersaturated with medical grade oxygen gas in a high-pressure chamber to form the SSOE. [0065] Preparation of the example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of this alternative embodiment can include numerous phases each of which involves the addition a set of the emulsion components. For example, a first phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components: deionized water (51.00% w/w); butylene glycol (5.00% w/w); glycerin (2.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol powder (1.85% w/w); and Phospholipon 90H (6.60% w/w). A second phase comprises adding the Polawax (3.00% w/w) to the composition of the first phase. A third phase comprises adding the Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (20.00% w/w) to the composition of the second phase. A fourth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the third phase: Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate (0.50% w/w); and AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (marine-derived proteins/peptides) (0.05% w/w). A fifth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fourth phase: Alcohol 40B (190 proof) (3.00% w/w); Salicylic acid USP (2.00% w/w); and Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w). A sixth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fifth phase: Symdiol 68 (1.00% w/w); and Pentylene glycol (2.00% w/w). A seventh phase comprises supersaturating the composition of the sixth phase with medical grade oxygen gas in a high-pressure chamber to form the SSOE. [0066] An example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of another alternative embodiment includes but is not limited to the following components: deionized water (51.00% w/w); glycerin (5.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol powder (1.85% w/w); Phospholipon 90H (6.60% w/w); Polawax (5.00% w/w); Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (20.00% w/w); Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate (0.50% w/w); AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (marine-derived proteins/peptides) (0.05% w/w); Alcohol 40B (190 proof) (3.00% w/w); Salicylic acid USP (2.00% w/w); Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w); Symdiol 68 (1.00% w/w); and Pentylene glycol (2.00% w/w). The emulsion is then supersaturated with medical grade oxygen gas in a high-pressure chamber to form the SSOE. [0067] Preparation of the example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of this other alternative embodiment can include numerous phases each of which involves the addition a set of the emulsion components. For example, a first phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components: deionized water (51.00% w/w); glycerin (5.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol powder (1.85% w/w); and Phospholipon 90H (6.60% w/w). A second phase comprises adding the Polawax (5.00% w/w) to the composition of the first phase. A third phase comprises adding the Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (20.00% w/w) to the composition of the second phase. A fourth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the third phase: Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate (0.50% w/w); and AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (marine-derived proteins/peptides) (0.05% w/w). A fifth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fourth phase: Alcohol 40B (190 proof) (3.00% w/w); Salicylic acid USP (2.00% w/w); and Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w). A sixth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fifth phase: Symdiol 68 (1.00% w/w); and Pentylene glycol (2.00% w/w). A seventh phase comprises supersaturating the composition of the sixth phase with medical grade oxygen gas in a high-pressure chamber to form the SSOE. [0068] Preparation of the example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of this embodiment can include numerous phases each of which involves the addition a set of the emulsion components. For example, a first phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components: deionized water (51.45% w/w); butylene glycol (5.00% w/w); glycerin (2.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol powder (0.90% w/w); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w); and Phospholipon 90H (6.60% w/w). A second phase comprises adding the Polawax (3.00% w/w) to the composition of the first phase. A third phase comprises adding the Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (20.00% w/w) to the composition of the second phase. A fourth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the third phase: Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate (0.50% w/w); and AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (marine-derived proteins/peptides) (0.05% w/w). A fifth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fourth phase: Alcohol 40B (190 proof) (3.00% w/w); Salicylic acid USP (2.00% w/w); and Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w). A sixth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fifth phase: Symdiol 68 (1.00% w/w); and Pentylene glycol (2.00% w/w). A seventh phase comprises supersaturating the composition of the sixth phase with medical grade oxygen gas in a high-pressure chamber to form the SSOE. [0069] In addition to emulsions for treating acne, embodiments described herein include oxygen-based emulsions for use in wound care. The wound care emulsions of embodiments described in detail herein generally include but are not limited to the following components: deionized water; glycerin 99%; D,L-Panthenol (powder); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w); Phospholipon 90H; Polawax; Rejuvenox PFD; Vitamin E acetate; Pomegranate seed oil; Copper peptide GHK-Cu; Hyaluronic acid 1%; Pentylene glycol (e.g., Hydrolite 5); and Symdiol 68. The emulsion is then supersaturated with medical grade oxygen gas in a high- pressure chamber as described in detail herein. [0070] A particular formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion for wound care is now described in detail with the concentration of each component in the emulsion represented as a weight/weight percentage (%w/w) (calculated as the weight of the component or solute (in grams) per total weight of the solution (in grams) multiplied by 100%). [0071] An example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of an embodiment includes but is not limited to the following components: deionized water (31.90% w/w); glycerin (20.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol (0.50% w/w); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w); Phospholipon 90H (10.00% w/w); Polawax (3.00% w/w); Rejuvenox PFD (30.00% w/w); Vitamin E (0.25% w/w); Pomegranate seed oil (0.25% w/w); Copper peptide GHK-Cu (0.10% w/w); Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w); Pentylene glycol (e.g., Hydrolite 5) (2.00% w/w); and an emollient and moisturizer (e.g., Symdiol 68, a synergistic blend of 1,2-Hexanediol and Caprylyl Glycol) (1.00% w/w). The emulsion is then supersaturated with medical grade oxygen gas in a high-pressure chamber. The resulting emulsion has a pH in the range of approximately 4.5- 7.4. A target pH is approximately 5.0 but embodiments are not so limited. [0072] Preparation of the example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of this embodiment can include numerous phases each of which involves the addition a set of the emulsion components. For example, a first phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components: deionized water (31.90% w/w); glycerin (20.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol (0.50% w/w); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w) and Phospholipon 90H (10.00% w/w). A second phase comprises adding the Polawax (3.00% w/w) to the composition of the first phase. A third phase comprises adding the Rejuvenox PFD (30.00% w/w) to the composition of the second phase. A fourth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the third phase: Vitamin E (0.25% w/w); and Pomegranate seed oil (0.25% w/w). A fifth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fourth phase: Copper peptide GHK-Cu (0.10% w/w) and Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w). A sixth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fifth phase: Pentylene glycol (e.g., Hydrolite 5) (2.00% w/w); and emollient and moisturizer (e.g., Symdiol 68, a synergistic blend of 1,2-Hexanediol and Caprylyl Glycol) (1.00% w/w). A seventh phase comprises supersaturating the composition of the sixth phase with medical grade oxygen gas in a high-pressure chamber to form the SSOE as described in detail herein. [0073] Embodiments described in detail herein relate to the field of dermatology and cosmetology, specifically to a novel formulation of topical oxygen emulsion configured to treat hair loss and stimulate hair regrowth following hair replantation largely due to the fact that studies have shown hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) reduces the amount of post-surgical follicle shedding and improves healing rates post-surgery and increases the level of hair regrowth over medication alone. [0074] Embodiments herein therefore include oxygen-based emulsions for use in treating hair loss and stimulating hair regrowth. The emulsions of embodiments described in detail herein generally include but are not limited to the following components: deionized water; butylene glycol; D,L-Panthenol powder; L-Arginine powder; Phospholipon 90H (liquid, non-aqueous concentrates of phospholipids in combination with oils or a water-miscible solvent); Polawax; Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD); Squalane; C12-15 alkyl benzoate; Vitamin E acetate USP; Rosemary Essential Oil; AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres; Hyaluronic acid 1%; Symdiol 68; and Pentylene glycol (e.g., Hydrolite 5). The emulsion is then supersaturated with medical grade oxygen gas in a high-pressure chamber as described in detail herein. [0075] Particular formulations of the oxygen-based emulsion for hair growth are now described in detail with the concentration of each component in the emulsion represented as a weight/weight percentage (%w/w) (calculated as the weight of the component or solute (in grams) per total weight of the solution (in grams) multiplied by 100%). [0076] An example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of an embodiment includes but is not limited to the following components: deionized water (56.20% w/w); butylene glycol (7.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol powder (0.90% w/w); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w); Phospholipon 90H (liquid, non-aqueous concentrates of phospholipids in combination with oils or a water-miscible solvent) (6.60% w/w); Polawax (3.00% w/w); Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (20.00% w/w); Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate USP (0.50% w/w); Rosemary Essential Oil (0.25% w/w); AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (0.050% w/w); Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w); Symdiol 68 (1.00% w/w); and Pentylene glycol (e.g., Hydrolite 5) (2.00% w/w). [0077] Preparation of the example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of this embodiment can include numerous phases each of which involves the addition a set of the emulsion components. For example, a first phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components: deionized water (56.20% w/w); butylene glycol (7.00% w/w); D,L- Panthenol powder (0.90% w/w); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w); and Phospholipon 90H (liquid, non-aqueous concentrates of phospholipids in combination with oils or a water- miscible solvent) (6.60% w/w). A second phase comprises adding Polawax (3.00% w/w) to the composition of the first phase. A third phase comprises adding the Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (20.00% w/w) to the composition of the second phase. A fourth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the third phase: Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate (0.50% w/w); Rosemary Essential Oil (0.25% w/w); and AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (0.050% w/w). A fifth phase comprises mixing or blending Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w) to the composition of the fourth phase. A sixth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fifth phase: Symdiol 68 (1.00% w/w); and Pentylene glycol (e.g., Hydrolite 5) (2.00% w/w). A seventh phase comprises supersaturating the composition of the sixth phase with medical grade oxygen gas in a high-pressure chamber to form the SSOE. [0078] An example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of an alternative embodiment includes but is not limited to the following components: deionized water (40.80% w/w); butylene glycol (7.00% w/w); D,L-Panthenol powder (0.90% w/w); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w); Phospholipon 90H (liquid, non-aqueous concentrates of phospholipids in combination with oils or a water-miscible solvent) (10.00% w/w); Polawax (5.00% w/w); Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (30.00% w/w); Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate USP (0.50% w/w); Rosemary Essential Oil (0.25% w/w); AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (0.05% w/w); Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w); Symdiol 68 (1.00% w/w); and Pentylene glycol (e.g., Hydrolite 5) (2.00% w/w). [0079] Preparation of the example formulation of the oxygen-based emulsion of this alternative embodiment can include numerous phases each of which involves the addition a set of the emulsion components. For example, a first phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components: deionized water (40.80% w/w); butylene glycol (7.00% w/w); D,L- Panthenol powder (0.90% w/w); L-Arginine powder (0.50% w/w); and Phospholipon 90H (liquid, non-aqueous concentrates of phospholipids in combination with oils or a water- miscible solvent) (10.00% w/w). A second phase comprises adding Polawax (5.00% w/w) to the composition of the first phase. A third phase comprises adding the Rejuvenox Perfluorodecalin (PFD) (30.00% w/w) to the composition of the second phase. A fourth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the third phase: Squalane (0.50% w/w); C12-15 alkyl benzoate (1.00% w/w); Vitamin E acetate USP (0.50% w/w); Rosemary Essential Oil (0.25% w/w); and AC Marine Protein Pure Spheres (0.05% w/w). A fifth phase comprises mixing or blending Hyaluronic acid 1% (0.50% w/w) to the composition of the fourth phase. A sixth phase comprises mixing or blending of the following components to the composition of the fifth phase: Symdiol 68 (1.00% w/w); and Pentylene glycol (e.g., Hydrolite 5) (2.00% w/w). A seventh phase comprises supersaturating the composition of the sixth phase with medical grade oxygen gas in a high- pressure chamber to form the SSOE.The SSOE comprises a dispersed phase of perfluorocarbon (PFC) droplets encapsulated within an aqueous continuous phase as described in detail herein. Perfluorodecalin (PFD), a PFC, is selected for its high oxygen solubility, chemical inertness, and biocompatibility, but embodiments are not so limited. The chemical ingredients of the emulsion described herein include PFD, water, humectants, lubricity enhancers, and emulsion stabilizers (surfactants). Mechanical agitation and homogenization of the heated ingredients forms a stable suspension of PFD microdroplets within the aqueous base. This emulsion is thermally and mechanically stable and will not separate into its constituent phases unless subjected to extreme conditions. [0080] A gas such as oxygen is added during the manufacturing process and after emulsification. The gas content of SSOE following loading into a pressurized canister is dependent on the PFD concentration and the gas charging pressure used in the manufacture of the emulsion. The gas content of SSOE increases linearly with charging pressures. For example, if oxygen is used, the standard processing conditions for SSOE with oxygen as the gas calls for oxygenation at elevated pressures of at least 180 psig (charging pressure) of medical grade oxygen (created supersaturated oxygen emulsion or SSOE). The final equilibrium concentration of dissolved oxygen at 180 psig is approximately 1.8 ml O2 (STP) per ml of emulsion. As a point of comparison, water at ambient conditions contains approximately 0.006 ml O2 per ml water. [0081] The SSOE of embodiments herein is packaged under pressure to maintain the level of dissolved oxygen in solubilized form. The container pressure is configured to be equal to or greater than the oxygenation pressure to prevent outgassing. When SSOE is dispensed, oxygen is outgassed from the emulsion and exposes a target tissue, for example skin, to oxygen. [0082] The emulsion generally comprises a continuous fluorocarbon immiscible hydrophilic liquid phase, and a dispersed phase comprising fluorocarbon suspended as droplets within the continuous phase. The emulsion further comprises an emulsifying agent and a stabilizing agent, wherein the stabilizing agent reduces the ability of the fluorocarbon droplets to move or coalesce within the continuous phase. [0083] The continuous fluorocarbon immiscible hydrophilic liquid phase of the fluorocarbon emulsion of the present invention may include an aqueous phase and other water-miscible substances, such as glycerin, propylene glycol, short-chain alcohols, and other hydrophilic liquids. Such hydrophilic liquids mix readily with water and may be added individually or in combination to the continuous phase. [0084] The water-immiscible dispersed phase of the fluorocarbon emulsion comprises fluorocarbons or derivatives thereof. Fluorocarbons are chosen for their inert chemistry and high oxygen solubility (about twenty times greater than that of water). Substantially, any fluorocarbon may be used. Suitable fluorocarbons include, but are not limited to, linear, branched and cyclic fluorinated hydrocarbon compounds, derivatives and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, fluorocarbon may be a PFC. Examples of acceptable PFCs include, but are not limited to, C6-C9 perfluoroalkanes, perfluoroperhydrofluoranthrene, perfluorodecalin, perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene, bis(perfluor-hexyl)-1,2-ethene, perfluoro-1,3- dimethylcyclohexane, perfluoromethyldecalin, perfluoroisopropyldecalin, a mixture of perfluorodixylylmethane and perfluorodixylylethane, and a mixture of perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene and perfluoro n-butyl decalin. [0085] Hydrogen atoms of the fluorocarbon may be substituted with a halogen, such as Br, Cl, or I, in addition to fluorine. In one embodiment, the PFC is perfluorooctyl bromide or perfluorooctyl iodine. In an alternative embodiment, a commercial product PFC 5080 (a product of 3M, St. Paul, Minn.) is used. PFC 5080 is a mixture of perfluorocarbons comprising predominately perfluorooctane. [0086] The fluorocarbon emulsions may comprise fluorocarbons in the amount from about 2% to about 90% (wt/wt), preferably from about 10% to about 70% (wt/wt). However, fluorocarbon concentrations outside of the above ranges may also be used. [0087] Because fluorocarbons are oily compounds that are immiscible with water, an emulsifying agent is typically used to prepare a fluorocarbon-in-water emulsion. The emulsifying agent assists in dispersing fluorocarbon and stabilizing the emulsion. Any emulsifying agents capable of dispersing fluorocarbon may be used. However, preferably, the emulsifying agent is a non-fluorinated compound. In biomedical and cosmetic applications, additionally, the emulsifying agent is preferably biocompatible (non-irritating) and should result in an emulsion have a sufficient shelf life. [0088] Examples of such biocompatible, non-fluorinated compounds include but are not limited to a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, phospholipids, and a polyoxyethylene derivative of a fatty acid ester of sorbitan. In one embodiment, the block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is a triblock copolymer of ethylene and propylene oxide with an average molecular weight of 7680 to 9510 and 81 wt % oxyethylene (poloxamer 188) or PLURONIC® F-68 (BASF Corporation, Mount Olive, N.J.). In another embodiment, the emulsifying agent is polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monostearate (polysorbate 60). [0089] In still another embodiment, a hydrogenated phospholipid is used. The hydrogenated phospholipid may be selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphanolipids, phosphatidic acid, and mixtures thereof. It is anticipated that other emulsifying agents having a hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) or a combined HLB value similar to that of polysorbate 60 and PLURONIC® F-68 may be used in the preparation of the fluorocarbon emulsion of embodiments. The hydrogenated phospholipid of an embodiment is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine. [0090] Typically, the emulsifying agent is used in an amount in the range from about 1% to about 15% (wt/wt). In an embodiment, the amount of the emulsifying agent is in the range from about 3% to about 7% (wt/wt). However, greater amounts may be used if desired. [0091] Conventional fluorocarbon emulsions are stabilized either by decreasing the size of the dispersed fluorocarbon droplets and/or by selecting a surfactant that surrounds the fluorocarbon droplets and reduces the interfacial surface tension and causing electrostatic and steric repulsion between the droplets, inhibiting their coalescence. Surfactants are generally amphiphilic molecules having a hydrophobic tail region and hydrophilic head region. However, fluorocarbons are water-immiscible substances that are neither hydrophilic nor lipophilic. Thus, the interfacial surface tension between fluorocarbons and a fluorocarbon immiscible hydrophilic liquid phase cannot be effectively reduced by conventional surfactants alone. The use of a combination of a conventional surfactant and a fluorophilic/lipophilic molecule act together in association to reduce the interfacial surface tension and stabilize the emulsion. [0092] Embodiments described herein take a different approach that does not require the use of fluorophilic/lipophilic compounds. Instead, the fluorocarbon emulsion is unexpectedly stabilized by decreasing the ability of the dispersed fluorocarbon droplets and micelles to move within the continuous phase altogether. As a result, the fluorocarbon droplets cannot combine with each other and destabilize the emulsion. The mobility of fluorocarbon droplets may be decreased by adding a stabilizing agent to the continuous phase to alter the physical properties of that phase. [0093] Accordingly, the stabilizing agent of embodiments is a compound that reduces the ability of the fluorocarbon droplets to move within the continuous phase. The stabilizing agent may be selected from the group consisting of cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, polyoxyethylated fatty acid (PEG-75 stearate), polyethylene glycol ether of cetyl alcohol (ceteth-20), polyethylene glycol ether of stearyl alcohol (steareth-20), hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine, and mixtures thereof. [0094] The amount of the stabilizing agent is typically in the range from about 0.05% to about 20% (wt/wt), and the amount of the stabilizing agent in embodiments is in the range from about 0.5% to about 5% (wt/wt). [0095] In one embodiment, hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine is used as both the stabilizing agent and the emulsifying agent. [0096] The fluorocarbon emulsion of the present invention may be in a form of a viscous solution, liquid crystal, cream, foam, liquid, or gel. In one embodiment, the continuous aqueous phase further comprises a thickening agent to increase the viscosity of the emulsion. Preferably, the thickening agent is added in such an amount that the viscosity of the fluorocarbon emulsion is at least about 50 centipoise under normal conditions. [0097] The thickening agent may be selected from the group consisting of carboxylic acid polymers, polyacrylamide, polysaccharides, and gums. The carboxylic acid polymers may be homopolymers of acrylic acid cross-linked with allyl ethers of sucrose or pentaerytritol (carbomers) or copolymers of C10-30 alkyl acrylates with one or more monomers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid cross-linked with allyl ethers of sucrose or pentaerytritol (acrylates/C10-30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymers). [0098] The polysaccharides may be cellulose and cellulose derivatives. In one embodiment, the polysaccharides are selected from the group consisting of hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, cetyl hydroxyethyl cellulose, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, dextran, and derivatives thereof. [0099] The gums may be selected from the group consisting of agars, gelatin, guar gum, and algin. Gas Delivery Agents [00100] In embodiments, provided herein are gas delivery agents comprising the compositions described herein and oxygen. In embodiments, the gas delivery agent is a pressured bladder canister comprising an oxygenated composition described herein. In embodiments, canister is pressurized so that oxygen remains in the compositions. In embodiments, the bladder is surrounded by a propellant (e.g., pressurized nitrogen gas). When the nozzle of the canister is actuated, the propellant in the canister squeezes the bladder and causes the oxygenated compositions described herein to be discharged uniformly from the canister. In embodiments, the bladder materials keep the oxygenated composition separate from the propellant. In embodiments, the bladder comprises a laminated structure of polypropylene, a center layer of aluminum foil, and a polyethylene terephthalate outer layer. [0100] The devices may include a gas delivery agent for the delivery of gas into gas-depleted environments. The agent comprises the emulsion described, wherein the emulsion is saturated or super-saturated with a gas. When the gas is oxygen, the concentration of oxygen in the emulsion is at least about 0.3 ml of oxygen (STP) per one milliliter (ml) of emulsion at 1 atmosphere. The partial pressure of oxygen, or pO2, in the emulsion is generally above 760 mm Hg in these embodiments. [0101] The gas delivery agent of the embodiments described herein may be supersaturated with gas. For example, when the gas is oxygen, the concentration of oxygen in the emulsion is at least about 1 ml of oxygen (STP) per one ml of emulsion. In another embodiment, the concentration of oxygen in the emulsion is at least about 2 ml of oxygen (STP) per ml of emulsion. The partial pressure of oxygen, or pO2, in the emulsion is generally above 10,000 mm Hg in these embodiments and can be as high as 11,000 mm Hg or higher. [0102] In embodiments, provided herein are methods of preparing a gas delivery agent. In embodiments, the methods comprise exposing a composition described herein to a gas under conditions sufficient to gasify the emulsion to a predetermined degree. The composition may be exposed to gas under atmospheric pressure or under a pressure that is above atmospheric pressure. For example, when the gas is oxygen, the emulsion may be exposed to oxygen under 180 psi for sufficient time to achieve pO2 in the emulsion of at least about 10,000 mm Hg. [0103] In embodiments, the compositions described herein or gas delivery agent of the embodiments herein is stored under pressure in a dispensing bottle to maintain the phase equilibria between the solubilized gas in the composition and the pressurized gas and to prevent gas dissolution and escape from the composition. In embodiments, when the gas is oxygen, oxygen gas may also serve as the vehicle propellant in such a delivery system, or, an indirect propellant, such as another gas, for example, nitrogen, applied to the outside of a barrier within the dispensing bottle, can be employed. [0104] In embodiments, the pressurized container holding the gas delivery agent should maintain an internal pressure that, at a minimum, remains equal to or greater than the equivalent dissolved gas partial pressure. Also, the pressurized container is configured to allow full dispensation of the gas delivery agent (greater than 95% of total charging weight dispensed). Methods of Making Oxygenated Compositions Described Herein [0105] Exemplary methods of preparing oxygenated compositions described herein are described in Example 1. [0106] As described herein, the mobility of the fluorocarbon particles within the continuous phase may be decreased and the fluorocarbon emulsion may be stabilized by adding a stabilizing agent to the continuous phase. Accordingly, embodiments are directed to methods of making a fluorocarbon emulsion. The method comprises mixing a fluorocarbon immiscible hydrophilic liquid and an emulsifying agent to form a first mixture, mixing a stabilizing agent with the first mixture to form a second mixture, and mixing fluorocarbon with the second mixture to form a third mixture to disperse droplets of fluorocarbon in the fluorocarbon immiscible hydrophilic liquid and to form the fluorocarbon emulsion, wherein the stabilizing agent reduces the ability of the droplets to move within a continuous phase of the fluorocarbon emulsion. [0107] Mechanical agitation of the heated ingredients, including a solid emulsifying agent, forms a stable suspension of fluorocarbon droplets within the continuous phase. The fluorocarbon emulsion obtained in accordance with the methods described herein is thermally and mechanically stable and will not separate into its constituent phases unless subjected to extreme conditions. [0108] Embodiments include an alternative method of making a fluorocarbon emulsion comprising mixing a fluorocarbon immiscible hydrophilic liquid and a solid emulsifying agent by agitation at a temperature elevated above the phase transition temperature of the emulsifying agent and below the boiling temperature of the fluorocarbon immiscible hydrophilic liquid, and adding fluorocarbon to the mixture and agitating at the elevated temperature to disperse droplets of fluorocarbon in the fluorocarbon immiscible hydrophilic liquid and to form the fluorocarbon emulsion. The mixing and agitation may be conducted by any conventional means, for example, by hand stirring, aeration, propeller agitation, turbine agitation, colloid milling, homogenizing, high-frequency or ultrasonic oscillation (sonication), micro- fluidization and the like. In one embodiment, a homogenizer is used. [0109] The emulsifying agent used in either method is preferably a non-fluorinated compound. The emulsifying agent may be selected from the group consisting of a block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, phospholipids, and a polyoxyethylene derivative of a fatty acid ester of sorbitan. In an embodiment, the block copolymer of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide is a triblock copolymer of ethylene and propylene oxide with an average molecular weight of 7680 to 9510 and 81% (wt/wt) oxyethylene (poloxamer 188 or PLURONIC® F-68). In an alternative embodiment, the emulsifying agent is polyoxyethylene 20 sorbitan monostearate (polysorbate 60). [0110] When a solid emulsifying agent is used it comprises a hydrogenated phospholipid. The hydrogenated phospholipid may be selected from the group consisting of hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphanolipids, phosphatidic acid, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the hydrogenated phospholipid is a hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine. [0111] The amount of the emulsifying agent of an embodiment is in the range from about 1% to about 15% (wt/wt), preferably, in the range from about 3% to about 7% (wt/wt). The elevated temperature is in the range from about 40° C. to about 90° C. [0112] The method of making fluorocarbon emulsion of an embodiment further comprises processing the viscous solution to reduce the size of the fluorocarbon droplets. Such processing may be conducted by homogenization or other suitable methods known to those skilled in the art. [0113] This method of an embodiment may further comprise cooling the obtained emulsion to form a viscous solution or gel. In one embodiment, the viscosity of the viscous solution is greater than the viscosities of plasma and blood, which are in the range of 1 to 6 centipoise. In another embodiment, the viscosity is at least about 50 centipoise. In one embodiment, the fluorocarbon emulsion is cooled to at least about 40° C. [0114] Depending on the type of the intended use of the fluorocarbon emulsion, the first step of the alternative method of making a fluorocarbon emulsion described above may further comprise admixing formulation additives into water. Such formulation additives may be selected from a group consisting of stabilizing agents, thickening agents, preservatives, humectants, emollients, colorants, pH adjustment agents, buffers, texture-enhancing compounds, sunscreens, antioxidants, chelating agents, fragrances, flavorings, processing aids, and other bioactive or inert cosmetic and pharmaceutical ingredients. [0115] For example, the stabilizing agent may be selected from a group consisting of cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, benzyl alcohol, glyceryl stearate, polyoxyethylated fatty acid (PEG- 75 stearate), polyethylene glycol ether of cetyl alcohol (ceteth-20), polyethylene glycol ether of stearyl alcohol (steareth-20), hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine, and mixtures thereof. The amount of the stabilizing agent may be in the range from about 0.05% to about 20% (wt/wt), preferably, from about 0.5% to about 5% (wt/wt). In one embodiment, both the stabilizing agent and the emulsifying agent are hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine. The humectants are substances that are added into formulations to preserve the moisture content of the materials to which they are added, slow evaporation and enhance moisturization. The humectants are well known in the art and may be selected from the group consisting of glycerin, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, sorbitol and others. Other additives may be selected from the group consisting of thixotropic, whitening agents and processing aids. Thixotropic agents are added generally to alter the flow characteristics, or rheology, of the emulsion. [0116] In another aspect of the embodiments described herein, the emulsion may be treated to contain more oxygen than would result under normal conditions. Accordingly, the embodiments herein provide a gas delivery agent for the delivery of gas into gas-depleted environments. The agent comprises the fluorocarbon emulsion described above, wherein the fluorocarbon emulsion is saturated with a gas. When the gas is oxygen, the concentration of oxygen in the fluorocarbon emulsion of the present invention is at least about 0.3 ml of oxygen (STP) per one ml of fluorocarbon emulsion at 1 atmosphere. The partial pressure of oxygen, or pO2, in the emulsion is generally above 760 mm Hg in these embodiments. [0117] In one embodiment, the ingredients of the fluorocarbon emulsion are heated and mixed in a mixer and the obtained emulsion is pumped into a pressurized oxygenation vessel. Mechanical agitation is performed in this unit with dual pitched blades to ensure rapid equilibration with oxygen to produce an oxygen delivery agent. Lastly, the internal pressure of the oxygenation vessel forces the oxygen delivery agent into the filling station for bottling. [0118] Because the oxygen delivery agent of the embodiments herein is capable of delivering high levels of oxygen into the skin tissues, it has many biomedical and cosmetic applications. For example, it may be used in topical applications for the healing of wounds, burns, and bruises. The oxygen delivery agent may also be incorporated into pharmaceutical products containing antibiotics, nutritive elements, hydrating agents, and other beneficial and therapeutic substances, for optimal therapeutic and healing effect. The oxygen delivery agent may be applied directly to the skin or may be incorporated into a dressing for application to the skin. Examples of such dressings include, but are not limited to, gauze, bandages, and other materials suitable for maintaining the oxygen delivery agent in contact with the skin. Application of an occlusive wound dressing inhibits diffusive transport of oxygen to the ambient environment and ensures maximal transport of oxygen to the treatment site. [0119] The oxygen delivery agent may also be incorporated into various cosmetic products, such as creams, ointments, masks, and exfoliates, to name a few. In one embodiment, the oxygen delivery agent of the present invention delivers oxygen to intact skin in cosmetic applications to improve skin texture and tone. For example, the oxygen delivery agent may be incorporated into a skin care cream or a cosmetic mask. Such products may be applied by a skilled skin care professional in the office or by a consumer at home. [0120] The following examples are intended to illustrate, but not to limit, the scope of the embodiments described in detail herein. While such examples are typical of those that might be used, other procedures known to those skilled in the art may alternatively be used. Indeed, those of ordinary skill in the art can readily envision and produce further embodiments, based on the teachings herein, without undue experimentation. [0121] Preparation of the fluorocarbon emulsion of a first example comprises the following ingredients or constituents: water 42% (wt/wt); glycerin 12% (wt/wt); hydrogenated phospholipid 4.5% (wt/wt); cetyl alcohol 0.6% (wt/wt); stearyl alcohol 0.6% (wt/wt); polysorbate 600.5% (wt/wt); PFD 39.5% (wt/wt); and tocopheryl acetate 0.4% (wt/wt). [0122] The method for preparing the emulsion comprises mixing water into glycerin. The mixture is heated to 70° C in a reaction vessel with agitation. When the temperature reaches 70° C, hydrogenated phospholipid is added to the mixture at 70° C with agitation. An overhead stirrer is used to conduct this step. After the hydrogenated phospholipid is uniformly dispersed in the mixture, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, and polysorbate are added with continued agitation. When all of the above ingredients are uniformly dispersed, glyceryl stearate is added slowly at a controlled rate with agitation. When all glyceryl stearate has been added, PFD is added while maintaining the temperature at 70° C. The mixture is cooled slowly to room temperature. Alternatively, prior to cooling, the mixture may be subjected to homogenization and then cooled slowly to room temperature. [0123] Preparation of an alternative fluorocarbon emulsion of a second example comprises the following ingredients or constituents: water 42.5% (wt/wt); propylene glycol 30% (wt/wt); hydrogenated phospholipid 4.4% (wt/wt); cetyl alcohol 0.3% (wt/wt); stearyl alcohol 0.3% (wt/wt); polysorbate 600.2% (wt/wt); Glyceryl stearate, PEG-75 stearate, ceteth-20, steareth- 20 0.8% (wt/wt); PFD 20% (wt/wt); tocopheryl acetate 0.5% (wt/wt); dimethicone 0.7% (wt/wt); benzyl alcohol 0.4% (wt/wt); methyl paraben 0.1% (wt/wt); propyl paraben 0.05% (wt/wt); and hyaluronic acid. [0124] The method for preparing the emulsion comprises mixing water into propylene glycol. The mixture is heated to 70° C in a reaction vessel with agitation. When the temperature reaches 70° C, hydrogenated phospholipid is added to the mixture at 70° C with agitation. An overhead stirrer is used to conduct this step. After hydrogenated phospholipid is uniformly dispersed in the mixture, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, polysorbate 60, and Glyceryl stearate, PEG-75 stearate, ceteth-20, steareth-20 are added with continued agitation. When all of the above ingredients are uniformly dispersed, PFD is added slowly at a controlled rate with agitation. When all PFD has been added, tocopheryl acetate and dimethicone are added while maintaining the temperature at 70° C. The mixture is cooled slowly to room temperature. While the mixture is cooling, benzyl alcohol, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, and hyaluronic acid are added. Alternatively, prior to cooling, the mixture may be subjected to homogenization and then cooled slowly to room temperature. [0125] Preparation of another alternative fluorocarbon emulsion of a third example comprises the following ingredients or constituents: water 48% (wt/wt); propylene glycol 34% (wt/wt); hydrogenated phospholipid 4% (wt/wt); cetyl alcohol 0.4% (wt/wt); stearyl alcohol 0.4% (wt/wt); polysorbate 600.3% (wt/wt); Glyceryl stearate, PEG-75 stearate, ceteth-20, steareth- 201% (wt/wt); PFD 10% (wt/wt); tocopheryl acetate 0.8% (wt/wt); dimethicone 0.5% (wt/wt); benzyl alcohol 0.4% (wt/wt); methyl paraben 0.1% (wt/wt); propyl paraben 0.05% (wt/wt); and hyaluronic acid. [0126] The method for preparing the emulsion comprises mixing water into propylene glycol. The mixture is heated to 70° C in a reaction vessel with agitation. When the temperature reaches 70° C, hydrogenated phospholipid is added to the mixture at 70° C with agitation. An overhead stirrer is used to conduct this step. After hydrogenated phospholipid is uniformly dispersed in the mixture, cetyl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, polysorbate 60, and Glyceryl stearate, PEG-75 stearate, ceteth-20, steareth-20 are added with continued agitation. When all of the above ingredients are uniformly dispersed, PFD is added slowly at a controlled rate with agitation. When all PFD has been added, tocopheryl acetate and dimethicone are added while maintaining the temperature at 70° C. The mixture is cooled slowly to room temperature. While the mixture is cooling, benzyl alcohol, methyl paraben, and propyl paraben are added. Alternatively, prior to cooling, the mixture may be subjected to homogenization and then cooled slowly to room temperature. Alternatively, prior to cooling, the mixture may be subjected to homogenization and then cooled slowly to room temperature. [0127] The method for preparing the oxygen delivery agent comprises charging the fluorocarbon emulsion prepared in accordance with any of the examples described above with 180 psi of oxygen in a pressurized mixer for 90 minutes. The obtained oxygen delivery agent is packaged in a pressurized canister, containing approximately 1.8 ml of oxygen (STP) per ml fluorocarbon. Methods of Treating Acne [0128] In embodiments, the compositions described herein are used to treat acne in a patient. In some embodiments, the compositions of the disclosure are applied directly at the site of the acne, for example, on the blemish, nodule, cyst, lesion, zit, pimple, pre-emergent pimple, blackhead, hive, whitehead, papule, or postule. In some embodiments, the compositions are applied for an extended period for an aesthetic, preventive, prophylactic, or therapeutic benefit (i.e. a “leave-on” composition). In some embodiments, the leave-on composition is left on the skin for a period of at least 1 minute, or at least 2 minutes, or at least 3 minutes, or at least 4 minutes, or at least 5 minutes, or at least 6 minutes, or at least 7 minutes, or at least 8 minutes, or at least 9 minutes, or at least 10 minutes, or at least 15 minutes, or at least 20 minutes, or at least 25 minutes, or at least 30 minutes, or at least 45 minutes, or at least 1 hour, or at least 12 hours, or up to 24 hours, including all values and ranges in between. In some embodiments, the compositions are applied one or more times per day. [0129] In embodiments, the compositions are applied once per day. In some embodiments, the compositions are applied twice a day, or three times a day, or four time a day, or more. In some embodiments, the compositions are applied every other day, or every third day, or every fourth day, or every fifth day, or every sixth day, once per week, once per month, once per six months, or once per year. [0130] In embodiments, improvement in a patient’s acne is quantified using any one of the following methods: (a) creation and use of a portal (e.g., through the internet), which allows secure examination of high-resolution photographs; (b) remote examination of high-resolution photographs; (c) in person examination by a qualified grader; (d) evaluating a symptom by counting and/or measuring; (e) quantitating the quality of life of the subject; or (f) collecting a statement from a subject on the effect of the composition on the patient’s acne. [0131] In some embodiments, when a patient is treated with the compositions of the disclosure, the patient exhibits a reduction in acne compared to pre-treatment of about 5 %, or about 10 %, or about 15 %, or about 20 %, or about 25 %, or about 30 %, or about 35 %, or about 40 %, or about 45 %, or about 50 %, or about 55 %, or about 60 %, or about 65 %, or about 70 %, or about 75 %, or about 80 %, or about 85 %, or about 90 %, or about 95 %, or more. Methods of Treating Wounds [0132] In embodiments, the compositions described herein are used to treat wounds. In embodiments, treating a wound comprises contacting a wound with a composition described herein. In embodiments, treating a wound comprises applying a dressing comprising a composition described herein. The following patent describes wound treatment and is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety, U.S. Patent No. 12,128,120. Methods of Stimulating Hair Growth [0133] In embodiments, the compositions described herein are used to stimulate hair growth. In embodiments, stimulating hair growth contacting hair with a composition described herein. Methods of Treating Other Conditions [0134] In embodiments, the compositions described herein are used to treat or improve acne, psoriasis, eczema, rosacea, ichthyosis, vitiligo, seborrheic dermatitis, actinic keratosis, stretch mark, wrinkles, fine lines, carbuncle, aging, and/or cellulitis. EXAMPLES [0135] The following examples are given for the purpose of illustrating various embodiments of the disclosure and are not meant to limit the present disclosure in any fashion. Changes therein and other uses which are encompassed within the spirit of the disclosure, as defined by the scope of the claims, will be recognized by those skilled in the art. Example 1: Preparation of Oxygenated Compositions Disclosed Herein [0136] Two oxygenated emulsions (Composition 1 and Composition 2), see tables below, were prepared by mechanically agitating, homogenizing, and heating the ingredients. After emulsification, each composition was charged with oxygen at a charging pressure of 180 pounds per square inch gauge (psig) of pure oxygen overnight. The final equilibrium concentrations of oxygen in the oxygenated emulsions was evaluated using an oxygen sensor (i.e., the OXY-1 SMA-BT Oxygen Meter manufactured by PRESENS PRECISION SENSING, presens.de/products/detail/oxy-1-sma-bt-oxygen-meter)manufactured by PRESENS PRECISION SENSING). Composition 1 contained 711.7 Torr O2, and Composition 2 contained 740 Torr O2. This is over three times the oxygen found in other topical oxygenated products (~160 Torr O2). Table A: Ingredients in Composition 1 Table B: Ingredients in Composition 2. Example 2: Composition 1 improves Wound Closure in Mouse Model [0137] This study examined the mitigative effects of Composition 1 in an animal model of skin wound and radiation combined injury. Composition 1 was applied to the wounded area (~1 mm thickness covering the entire wound surface) after wounding alone or total-body radiation combined with skin wound injury (“RCI”). A vehicle cream was used in the control groups. Table C, below, provides a schematic of the experimental design. The mice were dividnotinto three groups, Vehicle, Composition 1, and Sham. Mice in the Vehicle group were administered vehicle topically daily twenty four hours after injury until wound closure. Mice in the Compound 1 group were administered Compound 1 daily twenty four hours after injury until wound closure. Mice in the sham group were not administered any treatment. Subgroups of mice were administered treatment to a wound alone, total body irradiation (“TBI”) at a dose of 9.0 Gy Co- -lethal skin wound one to two hours after irradiation, or total body irradiation at a dose of 9.3 Gy Co- Gy/min photon followed by a non-lethal skin wound one to two hours after irradiation [0138] Animal survival was monitored daily up to 30 days post-TBI, following the guidance of the IACUC Policy on a “Rodent Intervention Score Sheet”. Once an animal scored higher than a “12”, the animal was considered “moribund” and was euthanized. [0139] Measurements of body weight and wound size were performed at least twice per week on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 10, 14, 17, 21, 24, and 28 post-TBI. Baseline body weight measurement was performed right after TBI (day 0). Wound size (mm) was measured in un-anesthetized animals. The mouse was held in a prone position with its back facing a digital camera. Close-up photographs of the wound were taken using the same positioning across images to ensure consistency. The average area of each wound (mm2) was determined by measuring the area of the skin wound in the images. The percentage (%) of wound closure was determined by normalizing the daily wound area with the average wound size measured on day 0 post-RCI (referred to as baseline level of wound area). % wound closure= 100% - (wound area measured on day X/baseline wound area) * 100%. [0140] Surviving mice were humanely euthanized and multiple tissues/organs were collected. Tissues such as blood, serum, spleen, skin around the wounded area, etc., were collected on day 30 after TBI. The mice were deeply anesthetized prior to whole blood collection through a cardiac blood draw. Confirmatory cervical dislocation was performed while the animal was still anesthetized in accordance with the approved IACUC protocol. Tissue collection was conducted after euthanasia. Complete blood cell counts and spleen weight/splenocyte counts were also measured on day 30 after TBI. Unplanned euthanized moribund or found-dead animals did not have blood or tissues collected. [0141] Under deep isoflurane anesthesia, blood was drawn from the 30-day surviving mice via cardiac puncture. A volume of 30– EDTA for peripheral blood cell count, while the remaining blood was collected into a microtube with a serum separator additive for serum preparation. Whole blood samples in EDTA-containing microtubes were analyzed for CBC with differential using a clinical hematoanalyzer (Element HT5; Heska, Loveland, CO, USA) following the manufacturer’s instructions. For blood collected in serum separating tubes, sera were obtained after centrifugation at 10,000× g for 10 min, following 30–120 min of coagulation at room te analysis. [0142] Serum samples were subjected to a quantified mouse cytokine array analysis by Eve - fold dilution with PBS pH 7.4 was subjected to a mouse cytokine/chemokine 44-plex discovery assay® array (MD44). A total of 44 cytokines and chemokines measured, included eotaxin, erythropoietin, 6Ckine, fractalkine, G-CSF, GM- - - -2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-9, IL-10, IL-11, IL-12p40, IL-12p70, IL-13, IL-15, IL-16, IL-17, IL- 20, IP-10, KC, LIF, LIX, MCP-1, MCP-5, M-CSF, MDC, MIG, MIP- - -2, MIP- - -A. [0143] Spleens were collected from surviving mice (n = 5 mice per group) and weighed. Each spleen was then inserted into an individual plastic bag containing 10 ml 1× Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution (HBSS) (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY), homogenized using a Seward Stomacher® 80 Biomaster (Seward Ltd. Company, Worthing, UK), and poured through a 70 mm cell strainer on top of a collection tube (BD Falcon, Bedford, MA). The bag and strainer were rinsed with an additional 15 ml 1x HBSS and collected into the sample tube. The collection tubes were then centrifuged at 800×g (Sorvall Legend XTR Centrifuge, Thermo Scientific) for 10 min and the HBSS removed. The pellets were resuspended in 10 mL 1× ACK lysis buffer (Invitrogen) for 10 min at 37 °C to lyse RBCs, mixed by vertexing every 5 min, and then centrifuged at 800×g for 10 min. Splenocyte pellets were collected and resuspended in 10 mL 1× phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Aliquots of the suspensions were placed in Countess™ cell-counting-chamber slides (Invitrogen, Eugene, Oregon) and splenocytes were counted with the Countess automated cell counter (Invitrogen). Splenocyte suspensions were centrifuged again at 800 x g for 10 min, excess fluids removed, and the cell pellets were stored at -80 oC for future analysis. Spleen weight was presented in mg and splenocyte counts were presented as cells/spleen. [0144] The Log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test was used to compare survival among groups for 30 days after TBI. For other data, differences among/between means were compared by analysis of variance (ANOVA) or t-tests. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results are presented as means ± standard errors of the mean. Table C. Experimental Design [0145] Treatment began 24 h after radiation exposure and/or skin wound, applied once daily, and continued until wound closure. Before product application, any residual cream at the wounded area would be gently wiped off with sterile gauze and warm water, followed by time to air dry for ~5 min. Summarized below are results related to 30-day survival, wound closure, body weights, complete blood counts (CBCs) with differential, splenocyte counts, and spleen weights. [0146] Figs. 1A-1B shows 30-day Kaplan-Meier survival curves for mice exposed to 9.0 Gy RCI (Fig. 1A) or 9.3 Gy RCI (Fig. 1B) treated with Composition 1 or Vehicle cream starting at 24 h after RCI or skin wound, applied once daily, and continued until wound closure. Thirty- day survival rates were: 9.0 Gy RCI + vehicle, 75% (15/20); 9.0 Gy RCI + Composition 1, 95% (19/20); 9.3 Gy RCI + vehicle, 25% (5/20); 9.3 Gy RCI + Composition 1, 50% (10/20). A log-rank test was used to determine the effect of Composition 1on 30-day survival after 9.0 Gy RCI (p = 0.084) or 9.3 Gy RCI (p = 0.126). Treatment with Composition 1 increased 30- day survival compared to the vehicle-treated groups after RCI. [0147] Figs. 2A-2D show percentage (%) of skin-wound healing over time (day 1 to day 28 post-TBI) from mice exposed to skin wounding alone, 9.0 Gy RCI, or 9.3 Gy RCI treated with Composition 1 or vehicle (Figs.2A-2C). A significant improvement in wound healing rate was observed between Composition 1-treated vs. vehicle-treated cohorts in 9.0 Gy RCI. (Fig.2D). [0148] Figs. 3A-3C display body weight changes over time (day 0 to day 28 post-TBI) from Composition 1- or vehicle-treated mice exposed to skin wounding alone (Fig.3A), 9.0 Gy RCI (Fig.3B), or 9.3 Gy RCI (Fig.3C). RCI mice at both 9.0 Gy or 9.3 Gy experienced significant body weight loss over time, when compared to either the sham or wounded alone mice (Data not shown). Composition 1 treatment did not impact body weight loss after RCI compared to respective vehicle controls. [0149] Fig. 4 displays complete blood cell counts (CBC) from Composition 1- or vehicle- treated mice on day 30 after exposure to sham, skin wounding alone, 9.0 Gy RCI, or 9.3 Gy RCI. Blood cell counts included white blood cells (WBC), neutrophils (NEU), lymphocytes (LYM), monocytes (MONO), eosinophils (EOS), basophils (BAS), red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), and platelets (PLT). The data show that RCI significantly decreased the LYM and PLT counts. Topical administration of Composition 1 resulted in significant decreases in RBC, HGB, and HCT, and increases of MONO in the circulation compared to the sham group after 9.3 Gy RCI. There were no significant Composition 1 vs. Vehicle differences observed within each test condition (unpaired t-tests (two-tailed); n = 5-10 per group). [0150] Figs. 5A-5B demonstrate that on day 30, RCI at 9.0 Gy significantly reduced spleen weights. Topical Composition 1 treatment did not recover the spleen weights (Fig. 5A). For splenocytes, Composition 1 treatment significantly increased splenocytes per spleen by 23% in the wound alone group. However, RCI at either 9.0 Gy or 9.3 Gy significantly reduced splenocytes regardless of Composition 1 treatment (Fig. 5B). Taken together, the results Composition 1 that SSOE might be potentially beneficial for the recovery of splenocytes after skin wounding, which is important for innate immunity. [0151] Treatment with Composition 1 enhanced 30 days survival by 20% after 9.0 Gy RCI (~LD30/30) and 25% after 9.3 Gy RCI (~LD50/30) compared to the vehicle control groups. (Fig. 1A, Fig. 1B) Additionally, treatment with Composition 1 significantly accelerated the linear wound healing rate from day 0 to 7 after 9.0 Gy RCI. (Fig.2B). Composition 1 did not have any effect on body weight loss after RCI. (Figs. 3A-3C). Compared to vehicle control groups, topical administration of Composition 1 significantly increased monocyte counts and decreased red blood cell counts in the 9.3 Gy RCI mice on day 30. (Fig. 4). Treatment with Composition 1 significantly increased splenocyte counts after wounding alone but did not impact the RCI-induced reduction of spleen weights and splenocyte counts, suggesting that Composition 1 improved innate immunity on day 30 after wounding though not after RCI. (Fig. 4). Composition 1 did not influence the levels of cytokines/chemokines in mouse serum collected on day 30 after wound alone or RCI. (Table D). Table D. Serum cytokine/chemokine levels on day 30 after skin wound alone, 9.0 Gy TBI and skin wound (RCI9.0 Gy), 9.3 Gy TBI and skin wound (RCI 9.3 Gy).
Example 3: PROPHETIC EXAMPLE: Compare the Effect of Composition 1 to Alternative Composition [0152] A study is performed to compare Composition 1 to an alternative composition, disclosed in the table below for wound healing. Both Composition 1 and the alternative composition will be administered to mice as in Example 2 to assess their capabilities for wound healing.
Table E: Comparison of Composition 1 to Alternative Composition Example 4: PROPHETIC EXAMPLE: Compare the Effect of Composition 2 to Alternative Composition [0153] A study is performed to compare Composition 2 to an alternative composition, disclosed in the table below for treating acne. Both Composition 2 and the alternative composition will be administered to subjects and assessed for their ability to reduce acne. Table F: Comparison of Composition 2 to Alternative Composition
INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE [0154] All references, articles, publications, patents, patent publications, and patent applications cited herein are incorporated by reference in their entireties for all purposes. However, mention of any reference, article, publication, patent, patent publication, and patent application cited herein is not, and should not be taken as, an acknowledgment or any form of suggestion that they constitute valid prior art or form part of the common general knowledge in any country in the world. The following patent documents are incorporated by reference herein for all purposes: U.S. Patent No.7,357,937; U.S. Patent No.7,468,191; and U.S. Patent No.7,641,628 .

Claims

CLAIMS What is claimed is: 1. A composition, comprising: (a) perfluorodecalin; (b) a phospholipid source; (c) water; (d) a wax; (e) glycerin; (f) vitamin E; (g) one or more moisturizers; (h) pomegranate seed oil; (i) a peptide formulation comprising Gly-His-Lys and copper; (j) sodium hyaluronate; and (k) a pH adjustor.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein the phospholipid source comprises hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine.
3. The composition of claim 1 or 2, wherein the phospholipid source comprises from 90 % to 100 % phospholipids by weight.
4. The composition of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the phospholipid source is hydrogenated soybean lecithin containing not less than 90 % phosphatidylcholine by weight.
5. The composition of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the one or more moisturizers are selected from any one of (i) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol; (ii) 1,2-pentanediol, and (iii) panthenol.
6. The composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine; wherein the one or more moisturizers are (i) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol; (ii) 1,2-pentanediol, and (iii) panthenol; and wherein the pH adjustor is L-arginine.
7. The composition of any one of claims 1-6, wherein from about 0.1 % to about 0.5 % or from about 0.1 % to about 0.4 % vitamin E is present in the composition by weight.
8. The composition of any one of claims 1-7, comprising from about 5 % to about 40 %, from about 5 % to about 35 %, from about 5 % to about 30 %, from about 5 % to about 25 %, from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, from about 5 % to about 10 %, from about 10 % to about 40 %, from about 10 % to about 35 %, from about 10 % to about 30 %, from about 10% to about 25%, from about 10 % to about 20 %, or from about 10 % to about 15 % perfluorodecalin by weight.
9. The composition of any one of claims 1-8, comprising from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, or from about 5 % to about 10 % of the phospholipid source by weight.
10. The composition of any one of claims 1-9, comprising from about 0.1 % to about 0.5 % of pomegranate seed oil by weight.
11. The composition of any one of claims 1-9, comprising from about 0.05 % to about 0.15 % by weight of the peptide formulation comprising Gly-His-Lys and copper (II).
12. The composition of any one of claims 1-11, comprising from about 0.0025 % to about 0.0075 % by weight of sodium hyaluronate.
13. The composition of any one of claims 1-12, comprising: (a) from about 10 % to about 40 % perfluorodecalin by weight; (b) from about 5 % to about 15 % of a phospholipid source by weight, wherein the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine; (c) from about 20 % to about 50 % water by weight; (d) from about 1 % to about 5 % wax by weight; (e) from about 10 % to about 30 % glycerin by weight; (f) from 0.1 % to about 0.4 % vitamin E by weight; (g) one or more moisturizers, wherein the one or more moisturizers are (i) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol; (ii) 1,2-pentanediol, and (iii) panthenol; wherein the formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol is present at about 0.5 % to about 1.5 % by weight; wherein 1,2-pentanediol is present at about 1 % to about 3 % by weight; wherein panthenol is present at about 0.25 % to about 0.75 % by weight; (h) from about 0.1 % to about 0.5 % pomegranate seed oil by weight; (i) from about 0.05 % to about 0.15 % of the peptide formulation comprising Gly- His-Lys and copper (II) by weight; (j) from about 0.0025 % to about 0.0075 % of sodium hyaluronate by weight; and (k) from about 0.01 % to about 0.1 % by weight of the pH adjustor, wherein the pH adjustor is arginine.
14. The composition of any one of claims 1-13, comprising: (a) about 30 % perfluorodecalin by weight; (b) about 10 % of a phospholipid source by weight, wherein the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine; (c) about 32.4 % water by weight; (d) about 3 % wax by weight; (e) about 20 % glycerin by weight; (f) about 0.25 % vitamin E by weight; (g) one or more moisturizers, wherein the one or more moisturizers are (i) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol; (ii) 1,2-pentanediol, and (iii) panthenol; wherein the formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol is present at about 1 % by weight; wherein 1,2-pentanediol is present at about 2 % by weight; wherein panthenol is present at about 0.5 % by weight; (h) about 0.25 % pomegranate seed oil by weight; (i) about 0.1 % of the peptide formulation comprising Gly-His-Lys and copper (II) acetate by weight; (j) about 0.005 % of sodium hyaluronate by weight; and (k) about 0.05 % by weight of the pH adjustor, wherein the pH adjustor is arginine.
15. The composition of any one of claims 1-14, consisting of: (a) about 30 % perfluorodecalin by weight; (b) about 10 % of a phospholipid source by weight, wherein the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine; (c) about 32.4 % water by weight; (d) about 3 % wax by weight; (e) about 20 % glycerin by weight; (f) about 0.25 % vitamin E by weight; (g) one or more moisturizers, wherein the one or more moisturizers are (i) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol; (ii) 1,2-pentanediol, and (iii) panthenol; wherein the formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol is present at about 1 % by weight; wherein 1,2-pentanediol is present at about 2 % by weight; wherein panthenol is present at about 0.5 % by weight; (h) about 0.25 % pomegranate seed oil by weight; (i) about 0.1 % of the peptide formulation comprising Gly-His-Lys and copper (II) acetate by weight; (j) about 0.005 % of sodium hyaluronate by weight; and (k) about 0.05 % by weight of a pH adjustor, wherein the pH adjustor is arginine.
16. A wound dressing comprising the composition of any one of claims 1-15.
17. A method of treating a wound comprising administering the composition of any one of claims 1-15 or the wound dressing of claim 16 to a wound.
18. A composition, comprising: (a) perfluorodecalin; (b) a phospholipid source; (c) water; (d) a wax; (e) glycerin; (f) vitamin E; (g) one or more moisturizers; (h) sodium hyaluronate; (i) alcohol; (j) salicylic acid; (k) a formulation comprising 69.66 % silica dimethyl silylate, 20.23 % sodium chondroitin sulfate, and 10.11 % atelocollagen by weight; and (l) a pH adjustor.
19. The composition of claim 18, wherein the phospholipid source comprises hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine.
20. The composition of claim 18 or 19, wherein the phospholipid source comprises from 90 % to 100 % phospholipids by weight.
21. The composition of any one of claims 18-20, wherein the phospholipid source is hydrogenated soybean lecithin containing not less than 90 % phosphatidylcholine by weight.
22. The composition of any one of claims 18-21, wherein the one or more moisturizers are selected from any one of (i) butylene glycol, (ii) panthenol, (iii) squalane, (iv) C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate, (v) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol, and (vi) 1,2-pentanediol.
23. The composition of any one of claims 18-22, wherein the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine; wherein the one or more moisturizers are i) butylene glycol, (ii) panthenol, (iii) squalane, (iv) C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate, (v) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol, and (vi) 1,2-pentanediol; And wherein the pH adjustor is L-arginine.
24. The composition of any one of claims 18-23, wherein from about 0.4 % to about 0.8 % of pH adjustor is present in the composition by weight.
25. The composition of any one of claims 18-24, comprising from about 5 % to about 40 %, from about 5 % to about 35 %, from about 5 % to about 30 %, from about 5 % to about 25 %, from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, from about 5 % to about 10 %, from about 10 % to about 40 %, from about 10 % to about 35 %, from about 10 % to about 30 %, from about 10% to about 25%, from about 10 % to about 20 %, or from about 10 % to about 15 % perfluorodecalin by weight.
26. The composition of any one of claims 18-25, comprising from about 1 % to about 10 %, from about 5 % to about 20 %, from about 5 % to about 15 %, or from about 5 % to about 10 % of the phospholipid source by weight.
27. The composition of any one of claims 18-26, comprising from about 1 % to about 5 % of alcohol by weight.
28. The composition of any one of claims 18-27, comprising from about 1 % to about 3 % of salicylic acid by weight.
29. The composition of any one of claims 18-28, comprising from about 0.0025 % to about 0.0075 % by weight of sodium hyaluronate.
30. The composition of any one of claims 18-29, comprising: (a) from about 10 % to about 30 % of perfluorodecalin by weight; (b) from about 1 % to about 10 % of a phospholipid source by weight, wherein the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine; (c) from about 35 % to about 70 % water by weight; d) from about 2.1 % to about 4 % wax by weight; (e) from about 1.5 % to about 2.5 % glycerin by weight; (f) from about 0.25 % to about 0.75 % vitamin E by weight; (g) one or more moisturizers, wherein the one or more moisturizers are (i) butylene glycol, (ii) panthenol, (iii) squalane, (iv) C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate, (v) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol, and (vi) 1,2-pentanediol; wherein butylene glycol is present at from 4 % to about 6 % by weight; wherein panthenol is present at about 0.1 % to about 2 % by weight; wherein squalane is present at about 0.25 % to about 0.75 % by weight; wherein C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate is present at about 0.5 % to about 1.5 % by weight; wherein the formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol is present at about 0.5 % to about 1.5 % by weight; wherein 1,2-pentanediol is present at about 1 % to about 3 % by weight; (h) from about 0.0025 % to about 0.0075 % of sodium hyaluronate; (i) from about 2 % to about 4 % alcohol by weight; (j) from about 1 % to about 3 % salicylic acid by weight; (k) from about 0.01 % to about 0.1 % by weight of the formulation comprising 69.66 % silica dimethyl silylate, 20.23 % sodium chondroitin sulfate, and 10.11 % atelocollagen by weight; and (l) from about 0.4 % to about 0.8 % of a pH adjustor by weight, wherein the pH adjustor is L-arginine.
31. The composition of any one of claims 18-30, comprising: (a) about 20 % of perfluorodecalin by weight; (b) about 6.6 % of a phospholipid source by weight, wherein the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine; (c) about 51.4 % water by weight; (d) about 3 % wax by weight; (e) about 2 % glycerin by weight; (f) about 0.5 % vitamin E by weight; (g) one or more moisturizers, wherein the one or more moisturizers are (i) butylene glycol, (ii) panthenol, (iii) squalane, (iv) C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate, (v) a formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol, and (vi) 1,2-pentanediol; wherein butylene glycol is present at about 5 % by weight; wherein panthenol is present at about 0.9 % by weight; wherein squalane is present at about 0.5 % by weight; wherein C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate is present at about 1 % by weight; wherein the formulation comprising 1,2-hexanediol and caprylyl glycol is present at about 1 % by weight; wherein 1,2-pentanediol is present at about 2 % by weight; (h) about 0.005 % of sodium hyaluronate; (i) about 3 % alcohol by weight; (j) about 2 % salicylic acid by weight; (k) about 0.05 % by weight of the formulation comprising 69.66 % silica dimethyl silylate, 20.23 % sodium chondroitin sulfate, and 10.11 % atelocollagen by weight; and (l) about 0.6 % of a pH adjustor by weight, wherein the pH adjustor is L-arginine.
32. The composition of any one of claims 18-31, consisting of: (a) about 20 % of perfluorodecalin by weight; (b) about 6.6 % of a phospholipid source by weight, wherein the phospholipid source is hydrogenated phosphatidylcholine; (c) water; (d) about 3 % wax by weight; (e) about 2 % glycerin by weight; (f) about 0.5 % vitamin E by weight; (g) one or more moisturizers, wherein the one or more moisturizers are butylene glycol, panthenol, squalane, C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate, Symdiol 68, and 1,2-pentanediol; wherein butylene glycol is present at about 5 % by weight; wherein panthenol is present at about 0.9 % by weight; wherein squalane is present at about 0.5 % by weight; wherein C12-15 Alykyl Benzoate is present at about 1 % by weight; wherein Symdiol 68 is present at about 1 % by weight; wherein 1,2-pentanediol is present at about 2 % by weight; (h) about 0.005 % of sodium hyaluronate; (i) about 3 % alcohol by weight; (j) about 2 % salicylic acid by weight; (k) about 0.05 % by weight of the formulation comprising 69.66 % silica dimethyl silylate, 20.23 % sodium chondroitin sulfate, and 10.11 % atelocollagen by weight; and (l) about 0.6 % of a pH adjustor by weight, wherein the pH adjustor is L-arginine.
33. The composition of any one of claims 18-32, wherein the alcohol contains 95 % alcohol by volume.
34. The composition of any one of claims 18-33, wherein the alcohol is ethanol.
35. An acne patch comprising the composition of any one of claims 18-34.
36. A method of treating acne in a patient comprising administering the composition of any one of claims 18-34 or the acne patch of claim 35 to acne on the patient.
37. The composition of any one of claims 1-15 or 18-34, comprising oxygen.
38. The composition of claim 37, comprising from 500 Torr to 1000 Torr oxygen.
PCT/US2025/031587 2024-05-31 2025-05-30 Oxygen-based topical compositions Pending WO2025250896A1 (en)

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