WO2025242307A1

WO2025242307A1 - Absorbent article with asymmetrical total fluid distribution distance in front and rear absorbent zones

Info

Publication number: WO2025242307A1
Application number: PCT/EP2024/064231
Authority: WO
Inventors: Louise ELIASSON; Magdalena HÖRLE; Angela MARTINEZ VAZQUEZ; Josefin SOHL
Original assignee: Essity Hygiene and Health AB
Current assignee: Essity Hygiene and Health AB
Priority date: 2024-05-23
Filing date: 2024-05-23
Publication date: 2025-11-27
Anticipated expiration: 2026-11-23

Abstract

Provided herein is an absorbent article having a width in a transverse direction along a central transverse axis (X) and a length in a longitudinal direction along a central longitudinal axis (Y), the length having a front portion and a rear portion. The absorbent article has a liquid-permeable topsheet, a liquid-impermeable backsheet, and an absorbent core arranged between the topsheet and the backsheet. The absorbent core has a length in the longitudinal direction between a front edge and a rear edge, the length including a front part, a rear part, and a central part arranged between the front and rear parts, and a width in the transverse direction between first and second side edges. The absorbent core also has a front absorbent zone, a rear absorbent zone, a reservoir zone arranged along the central longitudinal axis between the front and rear absorbent zones, and a plurality of distribution channels with one or more front distribution channels that generally extend(s) in the longitudinal direction from the reservoir zone toward the front edge and one or more rear distribution channels that generally extend(s) in the longitudinal direction from the reservoir zone toward the rear edge. The one or more front distribution channels have a total front distribution distance from the reservoir zone to the front absorbent zone and the one or more rear distribution channels have a total rear distribution distance from the reservoir zone to the rear absorbent zone. Further, one of the total front distribution distance and the total rear distribution distance is greater than the other.

Description

Absorbent Article with Asymmetrical Total Fluid Distribution Distance in Front and Rear Absorbent Zones

Field of the invention

[0001] The present disclosure relates to absorbent articles, such as sanitary napkins, panty liners, incontinence pads, and incontinence liners, which are designed to accommodate a balance between efficient fluid handling and user comfort. In particular, these absorbent articles are configured to conform to the anatomy of the wearer and to provide the wearer with a feeling of security against leakage while being discrete and comfortable to wear.

Background

[0002] Absorbent articles, such as sanitary napkins, panty liners, incontinence pads, incontinence liners, and the like need to have good absorptive properties and should provide the wearer with a sense of security against leakage. Such absorbent articles are typically meant to absorb bodily fluids and/or exudates, such as urine and menses, and can take different forms tailored in relation to the type and/or amount of bodily discharge(s) intended to be managed. For example, absorbent articles in the form of sanitary pads or napkins may accommodate relatively higher or heavier bodily fluid and/or exudate discharge while those in the form of liners, which are typically thinner than absorbent pads, may be provided to accommodate relatively lower or lighter fluid/exudate discharge.

[0003] Regardless of the type, these absorbent articles are generally constructed with an absorbent core designed to receive and retain the body fluids and/or exudates. In order to provide maximum leakage containment the absorbent core should be able to quickly acquire the discharged bodily fluid(s) into its structure from the point(s) of insult and efficiently distribute the same therein. Known solutions for fluid handling and management involve forming the absorbent core from highly absorptive materials and/or with a multi-layered structure. Other solutions involve providing the absorbent article with one or more additional layers between the topsheet and the absorbent core to further facilitate liquid handling, mainly intake and distribution, into and within the absorbent core. [0004] These solutions, however, can lead to the provision of an absorbent article that is bulky, which by extension, can be uncomfortable to wear. Not to mention, a bulky article may lack discretion in the sense that it may be visible or apparent when worn even from underneath one or more layers of clothing, which may further detract from the wearer’s comfort with the article. These disadvantages are of concern, particularly for pad-type absorbent articles, which are intended to absorb and retain relatively larger amounts of fluids/exudate discharge.

[0005] Further solutions involve the provision of channels to assist in distribution of the absorbed fluids throughout the absorbent core such that pooling of absorbed fluids in certain regions of the article is reduced. EP 2 556 810 describes one such absorbent sanitary napkin including a plurality of longitudinally extending channels for promoting enhanced fluid wicking along the entire length of the absorbent article. However, the distribution of the absorbed fluids in such absorbent articles is generally spread evenly over the entire absorbent area and does not permit absorption of higher concentration(s) in any particular area of the absorbent core. [0006] Despite efforts to improve the absorptive properties of such absorbent articles, there still remains a need for further improvements in terms of the balance between user comfort and efficient fluid handling characteristics of the articles, and particularly by enabling the article to conform to the anatomy of the wearer, to distribute absorbed body fluids/exudates in a predetermined and reliable manner, and to prevent leakage, all without sacrifice to the user’s confidence in the article.

Summary

[0007] It has been found that despite prior art solutions for absorbent articles, there is still a need to improve the fluid handling characteristics thereof, not only to minimize the chance of leakage therefrom, but also to effectively maximize use of the overall absorbent capacity of the absorbent article. At the same, user comfort and confidence in such articles, especially in terms of the fit of the article during use and the sense of security against leakage it provides, should be maintained if not improved. In this regard, it is important that the absorbent articles are enabled to spread absorbed fluids in a reliable and controlled manner, and by extension, prevent leakage therefrom.

[0008] It is of further importance that the absorbent articles also give the user a visual indication of the security against leakage. This may, in turn, create a sense of security, increase the user’s confidence in the article, and/or enhance the well-being of the user.

[0009] An objective of the present disclosure is thus to provide an absorbent article with improved fluid distribution, performance against leakage, and comfort. Further, it is desirable that the absorbent article is enabled to quickly and efficiently manage a rush of fluid, such as menstrual blood or urine, discharged by the wearer. More particularly, it is desirable that the captured fluidZexudate(s) be efficiently steered from a primary point of entry for distribution within the absorbent core and securely retained therein.

[0010] It is also an objective to provide an absorbent article with an improved fit in which leakage security is not reduced if not all together unaffected. The absorbent article may be any one of a sanitary pad or napkin, a panty liner, an incontinence pad, or an incontinence liner.

[0011] It is further desirable to provide a disposable absorbent article that is both discrete and comfortable to wear.

[0012] The objectives set forth herein are achieved by the present absorbent article as defined in the appended claims.

[0013] Accordingly, there is a provided herein an absorbent article having a width in a transverse direction (x) along a central transverse axis (X) and a length in a longitudinal direction (y) along a central longitudinal axis (Y), the length comprising a front portion and a rear portion. The absorbent article comprises a liquid-permeable topsheet, a liquid-impermeable backsheet, and an absorbent core arranged between the topsheet and the backsheet. The absorbent core has a length in the longitudinal direction between a front edge and a rear edge, which comprises a front part, a rear part, and a central part arranged between the front and rear parts, and a width in the transverse direction between a first side edge and a second side edge. The absorbent core comprises a front absorbent zone, a rear absorbent zone, and a reservoir zone arranged along the central longitudinal axis between the front and rear absorbent zones. The absorbent core also comprises a plurality of distribution channels that comprises one or more front distribution channels that generally extend in the longitudinal direction from the reservoir zone toward the front edge of the absorbent core and one or more rear distribution channels that generally extend in the longitudinal direction from the reservoir zone toward the rear edge of the absorbent core. The one or more front distribution channels have a total front distribution distance from the reservoir zone to the front absorbent zone and the one or more rear distribution channels have a total rear distribution distance from the reservoir zone to the rear absorbent zone. Further, relative to each other one of the total front distribution distance and the total rear distribution distance is greater than the other.

[0014] By provision of an absorbent core as described herein comprising a reservoir zone and a plurality of distribution channels extending therefrom it is possible to improve the fluid handling characteristics of the absorbent articles described herein. In particular, the combination of the reservoir zone with the channels extending therefrom to other parts (e.g., front absorbent zone, rear absorbent zone) of the absorbent article promotes an improved steering and distribution of captured bodily discharges, such as menstrual fluids and urine, both on the absorbent article and within the absorbent core.

[0015] More specifically, the reservoir zone provides a temporary storage area within the absorbent article for absorbed fluids/exudates. The advantages are two-fold. First, the reservoir zone facilitates management of large and/or rapid insults of bodily discharges away from the user and into the absorbent article by providing a location away from the skin-contacting side of the absorbent article in which the discharges can be at least temporarily retained. Moving the discharges away from the skin-contacting surface of the absorbent article may assist with making the article continue to feel dry to the wearer during use, and thus, help to enhance or to at least maintain a level of comfort of the wearer.

[0016] Second, the reservoir zone further enhances the liquid handling characteristics of the absorbent article by allowing the article time to naturally distribute the absorbed discharges from within the absorbent core to other portions (e.g., front and rear absorbent zones) of the absorbent article.

[0017] The distribution of absorbed bodily fluids/exudates is further enhanced still by the provision of a plurality of distribution channels extending from the reservoir zone and which direct the captured fluids/exudates to other portions of the absorbent article, thereby facilitating employment of the maximum absorbent capacity of the absorbent article overall as well as of particular subdivisions (e.g., front and rear absorbent zones) of the absorbent core, which may be structured to absorb and retain differing volumes of fluids/exudates.

[0018] As the front and rear absorbent zones may be adapted to conform to the anatomy of the wearer’s body and/or in consideration of how the article is expected to be oriented or move during use, the respective absorbent capacity of each absorbent zone can be adapted to accommodate different concentrations of fluid/exudates in certain areas of the absorbent article. Different absorbent capacities may be provided, for example, by adjusting the size(s) of the absorbent zones, by adjusting the amount of mass (e.g., material) in the absorbent zones, and/or by varying the source material used to form the absorbent zones. [0019] Having front and rear distribution channels with respective total front and rear distribution distances that differ in size (e.g., combined total length of all channels in a respective absorbent zone) arranged in the respective front and rear absorbent zones further contributes to making effective use of the full absorbent capacity of the absorbent article. The differing total front and rear distribution distances facilitate a proportional distribution of absorbed bodily discharges within the absorbent core. In other words, a higher concentration can be directed to and steered within the absorbent zone having distribution channels with a greater total distribution distance, and conversely, a lower concentration can be directed to and steered within the absorbent zone having distribution channels with a lesser total distribution distance.

[0020] The reservoir zone may comprise an indentation in the absorbent core. It is contemplated that the indentation may, in certain non-limiting embodiments, be provided around a perimeter of the reservoir zone and may be continuous or discontinuous there around. Alternatively, the indentation may form the area inside of the perimeter of the reservoir zone. In certain non-limiting embodiments, the indentation may preferably be formed by compression. The compression may be effectuated by top-down embossing of the absorbent core, topsheet, and one or more optional intervening layers when present. Using embossing in this manner to form the indentation may be particularly advantageous as it may ensure that the indentation is visible in the final assembled product, and by extension, may enhance the user’s confidence in the product, especially in terms of security against leakage.

[0021] In certain non-limiting embodiments, the reservoir zone may comprise a convex surface. The convex surface can be formed by embossing around a perimeter of the reservoir zone. This may further contribute to the visibility of the reservoir zone in the final product.

[0022] As a central hub for fluid intake and distribution into and within the absorbent article, the reservoir zone may be arranged in the transverse and longitudinal directions at a position that facilitates the capture of rapid and/or large insults of bodily discharges, either directly or indirectly. [0023] Further, the reservoir zone is appropriately dimensioned to accommodate an initial capture and at least temporary storage of potentially large and rapid bodily discharges. In certain nonlimiting examples, the reservoir zone may have a width in the transverse direction from 15 to 40 mm. In certain exemplary embodiments, it may be preferable that the reservoir zone has a transverse width in a range of 20 to 30 mm.

[0024] As the reservoir zone is arranged in the absorbent core, it may be appropriately dimensioned relative to the dimensions of the absorbent core itself. For example, in certain nonlimiting embodiments, the reservoir zone may have a maximum width in the transverse direction that is from 20 to 60% of the width of the absorbent core in the central part. In other words, the maximum width of the reservoir zone and the relative width of the absorbent core in the central part are measured along the same transversal line. It may also be preferable, in certain non-limiting examples, that the reservoir zone has a maximum width in the transverse direction that is from 30 to 50% of the width of the absorbent core in the central part. Since the reservoir zone has a width in the transverse direction that is smaller than the width of the absorbent core in the central part, it is to be understood that there is also absorbent core material present in respective side absorption zones of the absorbent core between the first and second side edges of the absorbent core and the longitudinal side edges of the reservoir zone.

[0025] In terms of structure, the reservoir zone has a front transverse edge and a rear transverse edge, and a width that may or may not vary along the length of the reservoir zone in the longitudinal direction between the front transverse edge and the rear transverse edge. In some exemplary embodiments, the reservoir zone may have a maximum width in the transverse direction that tapers to a minimum width at one or both of the front transverse and rear edges.

[0026] The reservoir zone may also take the form of a number of different shapes. For example, the reservoir zone may have a shape selected from any one of: a circle, an oval, a teardrop, and a rhombus. In certain non-limiting preferred embodiments, the reservoir zone may also have rounded sides and/or edges.

[0027] Similar to the reservoir zone, each channel in the plurality of distribution channels may be formed by compressing material in the absorbent core. Each distribution channel may thus comprise an embossing line. These embossing lines can be continuous or discontinuous (e.g., dotted) embossing lines. It is contemplated that for any given plurality of distribution channels, each channel may be of the same type (i.e., all continuous embossing lines or all discontinuous embossing lines) in certain embodiments. It is also contemplated that for any given plurality of distribution channels, the type of embossing lines within the plurality can be varied in any combination (e.g., one or more discontinuous embossing lines and one or more continuous embossing lines) in other embodiments. In embodiments in which the embossing is discontinuous, it is preferred that the embossing segments (lines or dots) are spaced apart from any adjacent embossing segment (line or dot) by no more than 1 mm. Such spacing helps to ensure that the flow of fluid is not interrupted between embossing segments.

[0028] Each channel in the plurality of distribution channels make take on a number of different forms. For example, each channel may be any one of a straight line, an essentially straight line, a curved line, or any combination thereof. It is to be understood that the channel(s) may also be slightly angled relative to the central longitudinal axis such that the channel(s) go outward or curve toward a respective edge (front, side or rear) of the absorbent core.

[0029] Also, each channel in the plurality of distribution channels has a respective extension, or length, between respective first and second endpoints. The respective front endpoints of both the front and rear distribution channels alike are arranged in the reservoir zone. This provides a direct connection between each channel and the reservoir zone which facilitates fluid/exudate flow from the reservoir zone into the channels and by extension to other areas of the absorbent core. As the distribution channels generally extend a length from the reservoir zone toward one of the front edge and the rear edge of the absorbent core, the respective second endpoints of the front and rear channels are arranged in the front absorbent zone and the rear absorbent zone, respectively. In other words, the respective second endpoints of the one of more front distribution channels are arranged in the front absorbent zone and the respective second endpoints of the one or more rear distribution channels are arranged in the rear absorbent zone. [0030] In non-limiting exemplary embodiments, it may be preferred that the extension of at least one of the one or more front distribution channels is at least 50% of a front length of the front absorbent zone between the front edge and a front transverse edge of the reservoir zone. Likewise, it may also be preferred that the extension of at least one of the one or more rear distribution channels is at least 50% of a rear length of the rear absorbent zone between a rear transverse edge of the reservoir zone and the rear edge of the absorbent core.

[0031] Each channel in the plurality of distribution channels has a respective width in the transverse direction. It is contemplated that a channel may be provided with a relatively large respective width in order to increase the amount of fluids/exudates distributed therethrough. Inversely, a channel may be provided with a relatively small respective width in order to decrease, relative to one or more other distribution channel(s), or minimize the amount of fluids/exudates distributed therethrough.

[0032] It is envisioned that the respective widths of the plurality of distribution channels can be tailored in a number of different ways, and may advantageously assist to steer absorbed fluids/exudates within the respective absorbent zone (front or rear) in which the channel(s) is/are disposed facilitating effective use of the zone’s respective absorbent capacity. In exemplary nonlimiting embodiments of the present disclosure, the respective widths of the channels may be (i) equal in size for all channels in the plurality; (ii) equal in size within a first subset of all channels that extend into the front portion, equal in size within a second subset of all channels that extend into the rear portion, and different in size between the first and second subsets; (iii) equal in size within one of the first and second subsets and different in size within the other of the first and second subsets; or (iv) different in size within both of the first and second subsets.

[0033] Each channel in the plurality of distribution channels also has a respective depth in the thickness (z) direction. Like the respective widths of the distribution channels, it is contemplated that a channel may be provided with a relatively large respective depth in order to increase the amount of fluids/exudates distributed therethrough, and conversely, with a relatively small respective depth in order to decrease, relative to one or more other distribution channel(s), or limit the amount of fluids/exudates distributed therethrough. Further, it may be preferable in certain exemplary non-limiting embodiments that each respective depth is not less than 30% of a maximum thickness of the absorbent core.

[0034] In addition, it is envisioned that the respective depths of one or more of the distribution channels may be constant along the entire length of the channel(s) in certain non-limiting exemplary embodiments and/or that the respective depths of one or more of the distribution channels may vary along the length of channels). Such variation in the depth can be effectuated, for example, by microembossing the base of a channel.

[0035] Relative to one another, the respective depths of the distribution channels may generally be either (i) equal in size for all channels in the plurality of distribution channels, or (ii) equal in size within a first subset of all channels that extend into the front portion, equal in size within a second subset of all channels that extend into the rear portion, and different in size between the first and second subsets. However, it is further contemplated that, in certain non-limiting embodiments, the respective depths may also be equal in size within one of the first and second subsets and different in size within the other of the first and second subsets, or even different in size within both of the first and second subsets.

[0036] It is contemplated further still that the dimensions (e.g., respective width and respective depth) of a channel may vary along a length thereof. For example, at least one of the channels in the plurality of distribution channels may have, along a respective extension thereof, one or both of a respective width and a respective depth that varies in size. By varying the respective width and/or depth of a channel, it is possible to adapt an interior volume of the channel to accommodate relatively more or relatively less fluid/exudate flow therethrough.

[0037] In certain non-limiting embodiments, it may be preferable that the dimensions (e.g., respective width and/or respective depth) of one or more distribution channels tapers between the respective first and second endpoints of the respective extension(s) of the channel(s). This also means that an interior volume of the channel may be provided with a gradient that either increases or decreases from the reservoir zone over the length of the channel depending on the direction of the taper. It may be further preferable still in some non-limiting embodiments that the one or more distribution channels have a maximum width and/or maximum depth located at or proximal to the reservoir zone.

[0038] It is contemplated that the number of channels and distribution thereof between the front and rear portions of the absorbent article may be adapted depending on the type, expected use, and/or intended orientation of the product. For example, the so-called overnight-type absorbent articles, which typically have a wider rear portion with a larger (longer) rear absorbent zone than the front portion and corresponding front absorbent zone, may comprise a greater number of distribution channels in the rear portion than in the front portion in order to utilize the higher absorbent capacity of the rear portion.

[0039] In some non-limiting embodiments, the plurality of distribution channels may comprise an unequal number of front distribution channels and rear distribution channels. It may be further preferable in certain non-limiting embodiments, that the plurality of distribution channels comprises more rear distribution channels than front distribution channels. In other non-limiting embodiments, the plurality of distribution channels may comprise an equal number of front distribution channels and rear distributions.

[0040] Each channel in the plurality of distribution channels is arranged in the absorbent core so as to not overlap or cross with any adjacent channel. The one or more front distribution channels may, therefore, be spaced a minimum distance of from 1.5 to 6 mm, preferably from 3 to 5 mm, apart from each other in the transverse direction (x) in exemplary non-limiting embodiments. Similarly, the one or more rear distribution channels may be spaced a minimum distance of from 1 .5 to 6 mm, preferably from 3 to 5 mm, apart from each other in the transverse direction (x) in exemplary non-limiting embodiments.

[0041] It is further contemplated that the spacing in the transverse direction between any two adjacent distribution channels may be appropriately dimensioned relative to the respective widths of the two adjacent distribution channels. For example, in certain non-limiting embodiments, any two distribution channels may be spaced apart from each other in the transverse direction by a distance of at least two times a maximum width of the two adjacent distribution channels.

[0042] Also, the plurality of distribution channels may be asymmetrically arranged in the absorbent articles described herein. More specifically, the one or more front distribution channels may be asymmetric relative to the one or more rear distribution channels in one or more of: number of channels, respective channel length(s), respective channel width(s), and respective docking position(s) of the channel(s) in the reservoir zone. Such asymmetrical arrangements further contribute to making effective use of the full absorbent capacity of the absorbent article by facilitating a proportional distribution of absorbed fluids/exudates. In other words, a higher concentration can be directed to and steered within the absorbent zone of higher capacity and a lower concentration can be directed to and steered within the absorbent zone of lower capacity.

[0043] In non-limiting, exemplary absorbent articles described herein, the reservoir zone may be positioned in the absorbent core in a number of different locations. Flexibility in the positioning of the reservoir zone can, in certain embodiments, have an impact on the dimensions (e.g., respective lengths) of the front and rear distribution channels, and by extension, which of their respective total front and rear distribution distances is greater than the other.

[0044] For example, in certain embodiments when the reservoir zone is arranged closer to the front edge of the absorbent core, the longitudinal distance, or front length, between a front transverse edge of the reservoir zone and the front edge of the absorbent core, which defines the front absorbent zone, is shorter. As a consequence of this configuration, the one or more front distribution channels have less area over which they may extend from the reservoir zone and thus may be proportionally shorter.

[0045] In exemplary non-limiting embodiments, the reservoir zone is arranged at least in the central part. In this regard, the reservoir zone may be arranged entirely in the central part. It is contemplated that the reservoir zone may, in such cases, extend the full length of the central part, or alternatively, the length of the reservoir zone in the longitudinal direction may be shorterthan the length of the central part. In addition to being arranged in the central part, it may be preferable that the reservoir zone is arranged partially in one of the front part and the rear part as well. For embodiments in which the length of the absorbent core is equally divided into thirds by the front, central, and rear parts, the reservoir zone may be greater than one-third of the length of the absorbent core. In such embodiments, it further follows that the corresponding absorbent zone (front or rear) into which the reservoir zone extends is proportionally shorter by the length that the reservoir zone extends into the associated front/rear part.

[0046] The reservoir zone may have a length in the longitudinal direction between the front transverse edge and the rear transverse edge in a range of 5 to 15 cm. In some non-limiting embodiments, it may be preferred that the length of the reservoir zone in the longitudinal direction is from 7 to 10 cm.

[0047] In certain non-limiting embodiments, the absorbent core may be divided into three distinct segments including a front absorbent zone, a rear absorbent zone, and the reservoir zone, which is generally arranged along the central longitudinal axis (Y) in between the front and rear absorbent zones. In such exemplary embodiments, the front absorbent zone may be defined as the area between the front edge of the absorbent core and a front transverse edge of the reservoir zone and the rear absorbent zone may be defined as the area between a rear transverse edge of the reservoir zone and the rear edge of the absorbent core.

[0048] Further, the front distribution channel(s) and the rear distribution channel(s) each have a respective total distribution distance via which a maximum volume of captured bodily discharges is capable of being distributed from the reservoir zone to other areas (e.g., front and rear absorbent zones) of the absorbent core. Importantly, the respective total front and rear distribution distances of the front distribution channel(s) and the rear distribution channel(s) are not equal, and meaning that one of the total front distribution distance and the total rear distribution distance assists to accommodate steering and distribution of a larger volume of captured bodily fluids/exudates than the other.

[0049] The total distribution distance may be defined as the sum of the respective extensions (lengths) between respective first and second endpoints of each channel for a given set of channels, e.g., front distribution channels or rear distribution channels. The total front distribution distance may, therefore, be understood as being equal to a combined total length of the respective extensions of each front distribution channel in the plurality of distribution channels. Likewise, the total rear distribution distance may be understood as being equal to a combined total length of the respective extensions of each rear distribution channel in the plurality of distribution channels.

[0050] Factors that may impact the respective total distribution distance of the front and rear distribution channels include the number of front distribution channels relative to the number of rear distribution channels and/or the respective lengths of the distribution channels.

[0051] For example, in certain non-limiting embodiments, the total front distribution distance may be greater than the total rear distribution distance when the plurality of distribution channels comprises more front distribution channels than rear distribution channels, and/or the respective lengths of the one or more front distribution channels are larger in size than the respective lengths of the one or more rear distribution channels, such that a total combined length of the one or more front distribution channels is greater than a total combined length of the one or more rear distribution channels.

[0052] In other exemplary embodiments, the total rear distribution distance may be greater than the total front distribution distance when the plurality of distribution channels comprises more rear distribution channels than front distribution channels, and/or the respective lengths of the one or more rear distribution channels are larger in size than the respective lengths of the one or more front distribution channels, such that a total combined length of the one or more rear distribution channels is greater than a total combined length of the one or more front distribution channels.

[0053] In non-limiting embodiments, one or more of the channels in the plurality of distribution channels may further comprise an embossed element. Embossed elements may be provided to make effective use of the full absorbent capacity of the absorbent article and/or to further reinforce the absorbent article against leakage in any direction, transverse, longitudinal, or otherwise. Embossed elements may also be provided as visual indicators and may communicate a level of use of the article, such as the amount of fluid/exudates absorbed, to a wearer during use.

[0054] The one or more embossed elements are preferably continuous embossing lines in a number of non-limiting embodiments according to the present disclosure. The one or more embossed elements may also be continuous with and/or formed as an extension of the distribution channels, which are also preferably embossed in the absorbent article, in one or both of the front and rear portions of the absorbent article. In this regard, the embossed element may be continuous with and/or formed as an extension of the one or more front distribution channels and/or the one or more rear distribution channels. It is further contemplated that the embossed elements may be arranged in the absorbent core where enhanced security against leakage is desired, such as proximal to any one or more of edges of the absorbent core.

[0055] In similar fashion, the absorbent core may further comprise first and second longitudinal side channels in the exemplary absorbent articles according to the present disclosure. Like the embossed elements, longitudinal side channels may be provided to further reinforce the absorbent article against leakage in the longitudinal direction. In certain non-limiting embodiments, the first and second longitudinal side channels may be arranged in at least the central part between the first and second side edges of the absorbent core and the reservoir zone. In this sense, the first longitudinal side channel, may in some embodiments, be arranged between the first side edge of the absorbent core and the reservoir zone in the central part whereas the second longitudinal side channel may be arranged between the second side edge of the absorbent core and the reservoir zone in the central part. This may further minimize, if not ensure, security against leakage of the absorbent article onto wings, if any, that are attached to the longitudinal sides of the absorbent article or where wings are not attached, to an undergarment or other clothing item of the wearer during use of the article.

[0056] Like the embossed elements, the first and second longitudinal side channels may also preferably be embossed in the absorbent core. Further, the first and second longitudinal side channels may comprise continuous or discontinuous (e.g., dotted) embossing lines.

[0057] Also, the absorbent core may, in certain non-limiting embodiments, further comprise at least one barrier channel in the rear part and which may have an extension in the transverse direction. The at least one barrier channel is preferably arranged proximal to the rear edge and is not connected with or docked to any distribution channel. Like the embossed elements and the longitudinal side channels, the barrier channel may be provided to further reinforce the absorbent article against leakage, preferably in the transverse direction, from the rear edge of the absorbent core.

[0058] The absorbent article may comprise an optional acquisition layer arranged between the topsheet and the absorbent core. When provided, the optional acquisition layer is preferably arranged in direct contact with the bottom surface of the topsheet and a top surface or layer of the absorbent core. The optional acquisition layer may be provided to further enhance the fluid handling properties of the absorbent article because such layers are typically designed to rapidly acquire a relatively large amount of bodily fluid and efficiently distribute to the absorbent core where it is retained.

[0059] In certain non-limiting embodiments, the absorbent article may also comprise one or more shaping lines. The shaping lines may comprise continuous and/or discontinuous lines. Shaping lines may be advantageously included in the absorbent articles according to the present disclosure because they may be used to promote preferential bending of the article and by extension may serve to enhance the conformance of the absorbent article to the wearer’s anatomy during use. This may also be considered to help improve the overall fit of the article.

[0060] In exemplary non-limiting embodiments of the absorbent articles according to the present disclosure, the absorbent core may have a shape that is asymmetric when bisected about the central transverse axis (X).

[0061] Additionally or alternatively, the absorbent core may have a shape that is at least mirror symmetric when bisected about the central longitudinal axis. The shape of the absorbent core may, in certain embodiments, be mirror symmetric when bisected about the central transverse axis.

[0062] The rear portion may have a maximum width in the transverse direction that is greater than a maximum width of the front portion in the transverse direction. The provision of a larger transverse width in the rear portion may be particularly advantageous for night-type products that are intended to be worn overnight while the wearer sleeps.

[0063] The absorbent core may be formed from a number of different materials and/or combinations thereof. In an exemplary embodiment, the absorbent core may comprise one or more of pulp, natural fibers, synthetic fibers, tissue, superabsorbent polymers (SAP), absorbent foam materials, absorbent nonwoven materials, and the like.

[0064] Further, the absorbent articles in accordance with the present disclosure may be provided with wings in order to facilitate attachment of the article to a user’s undergarment during use. It is envisioned, depending on the type of product and/or intended activity during use, that the wings may be symmetrical about either or both of the transverse and longitudinal axes, or they may be asymmetrical. It is also contemplated, for embodiments in which the absorbent articles described herein have wings, that the reservoir zone may be arranged along the length of the absorbent core such in the transverse direction the reservoir zone is arranged at least in part, and preferably fully, between the wings.

[0065] Further objectives, features and advantages of the present absorbent article are described in the detailed description below with reference to the appended drawings.

Brief description of the drawings

[0066] The present invention will be discussed in more detail below, with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

[0067] Figure 1 shows an exemplary absorbent article according to the present disclosure;

[0068] Figure 2A shows a cross-section of the absorbent core of the exemplary absorbent article of Figure 1 taken along the line II, and Figure 2B shows an exemplary variation of Fig. 2A including an optional liquid acquisition layer; [0069] Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the exemplary absorbent article with distribution channels of varied dimensions;

[0070] Figure 4 shows an exemplary absorbent article with an asymmetric absorbent core and additional channels;

[0071] Figure 5 shows an embodiment of an exemplary absorbent article with a symmetric absorbent core; and

[0072] Figure 6 shows an exemplary absorbent article with a wider rear portion and asymmetrical wings.

Detailed description

[0073] The absorbent articles described herein are absorbent articles aimed for personal hygiene and may be, for example, any one of a sanitary pad or napkin, or a panty liner. Such articles are commonly used forthe acquisition and storage of bodily exudates such as menstrual fluid and urine. The absorbent articles are preferably disposable, which means that they are intended for a single use and disposed thereafter, instead of being cleaned and reused.

[0074] An exemplary absorbent article in accordance with the present disclosure is shown in Figure 1 , in the exemplary form of a sanitary pad. It should be understood that even though the absorbent article is described hereafter as a sanitary pad, this form is merely exemplary, and it is contemplated that the absorbent article may be provided in other forms, such as a panty liner, an incontinence liner, and a sanitary pad or napkin, and as otherwise described or referenced herein. [0075] As shown in Fig. 1 , the absorbent article 100 generally comprises three components: a liquid permeable topsheet 2, a liquid-impermeable backsheet 4, and an absorbent core 3 arranged between the topsheet and the backsheet.

[0076] The topsheet lies in direct contact with the wearer’s body and should therefore be soft and comfortable. The topsheet can comprise a nonwoven material, e.g., spunbond, meltblown, carded, hydroentangled, wetlaid etc. Suitable nonwoven materials can be composed of natural fibers, such as wood pulp or cotton fibers, man-made fibers, such as polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, viscose, or from a mixture of natural and man-made fibers. Apertured plastic films may also be used as topsheet materials. In any case, suitable topsheet materials should be soft and non-irritating to the skin and be readily penetrable by bodily fluids, e.g., urine or menstrual fluid.

[0077] The backsheet lies in contact with the wearer’s garments. The backsheet refers to the liquid impervious material forming the outer cover of the absorbent article. The backsheet can comprise a thin plastic film, e.g., a polyethylene or polypropylene film, a nonwoven material coated with a liquid impervious material, a hydrophobic nonwoven material, which resists liquid penetration, or a laminate of a plastic film and a nonwoven material. Other laminate materials which are suitable for use as the backsheet are laminates of a nonwoven material and high loft material. The backsheet material may be breathable so as to allow vapor to escape from the absorbent core, while still preventing liquids from passing there through. Examples of breathable backsheet materials are porous polymeric films, nonwoven laminates of spunbond and meltblown layers and laminates of porous polymeric films and nonwoven materials. The backsheet may also be a plastic film from natural or synthetic origin.

[0078] It is also contemplated that the backsheet may be provided with one or more additional optional elements, such as a release paper and/or plastic wrap (not shown). The release paper and/or plastic wrap may be used to protect the backsheet, particularly in embodiments having an adhesive or attachment element on the garment-facing side of the backsheet, during transport and/or storage of the assembled absorbent article prior to use thereof.

[0079] The absorbent core is the absorbent structure of the article which acquires and stores bodily fluids and exudates. The absorbent core may be of any conventional kind. Examples of commonly occurring absorbent materials are cellulosic fluff pulp, tissue, highly absorbent polymers (so called superabsorbents), absorbent foam materials, absorbent nonwoven materials or the like. It is common to combine cellulosic fluff pulp with superabsorbent polymers in an absorbent core. Superabsorbent polymers are water-swellable, water-insoluble organic or inorganic materials capable of absorbing at least about 20 times their own weight of an aqueous solution containing 0.9 weight percent of sodium chloride. Organic materials suitable for use as a superabsorbent material can include natural materials such as polysaccharides, polypeptides and the like, as well as synthetic materials such as synthetic hydrogel polymers. Such hydrogel polymers include, for example, alkali metal salts of polyacrylic acids, polyacrylamides, polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylates, polyacrylamides, polyvinyl pyridines, and the like. Other suitable polymers include hydrolyzed acrylonitrile grafted starch, acrylic acid grafted starch, and isobutylene maleic anhydride copolymers and mixtures thereof. The hydrogel polymers are preferably lightly cross-linked to render the material substantially water insoluble. Preferred superabsorbent materials are further surface crosslinked so that the outer surface or shell of the superabsorbent particle, fiber, flake, sphere, etc. possesses a higher crosslink density than the inner portion of the superabsorbent.

[0080] The superabsorbent materials may be in any form suitable for use in absorbent composites including particles, fibers, flakes, spheres, and the like. A high absorption capacity may be provided by the use of high amounts of superabsorbent material. Thin absorbent cores, which are common in for example baby diapers and incontinence guards, often comprise a compressed, mixed or layered structure of cellulosic fluff pulp and superabsorbent polymers. The size and absorbent capacity of the absorbent core may thus be varied to suit different product types, such as sanitary napkins for adult incontinent persons or panty liners.

[0081] In certain embodiments, the absorbent core can be of unitary construction, whereby for example the manufacturing process can be simplified. The phrase "unitary construction" in the present context is intended to mean that the absorbent core is constructed from essentially one type of material, this being essentially the same material, or essentially the same combination of two or more materials throughout the absorbent core. Variations in density and concentration of the material may occur, but these are limited to those which may be obtained without incorporation of regions which have been formed separately and then physically joined to each other. For example, when the absorbent core comprises a matrix of hydrophilic fibers and superabsorbent material as described above, the relative concentrations of superabsorbent material and fibers may be different in different parts of the core. However, an absorbent core of unitary construction does not comprise layers or laminates of different composition. Likewise, variations in the density or concentration of various components across the longitudinal direction, the transverse direction or the thickness direction of the absorbent core are acceptable, yet the core should not comprise areas or layers of different composition which are formed separately and later joined together.

[0082] Turning back to Fig. 1 , the absorbent article has a width in a transverse direction (x) along a central transverse axis (X) and a length in a longitudinal direction (y) along a central longitudinal axis (Y). The central transverse axis (X) bisects the length of the absorbent article into a front portion 1 F and a rear portion 1 R. The front portion and the rear portion may be essentially equal in size. In other words, the front portion and the rear portion may each account for one-half of the total length of the absorbent article.

[0083] In terms of dimensions, the absorbent article may have a total length in a range of from 190 to 450 mm, preferably from 230 to 330 mm, in non-limiting exemplary embodiments as described herein. In terms of width in the transverse direction, the absorbent article may have a generally consistent transverse width, measured without wings, in a range of from 70 to 1 15 mm along its length in certain embodiments. In other non-limiting embodiments, the transverse width of the absorbent article may vary along the length, such that the absorbent article may have a transverse width in one portion, for example in the rear portion, which is greater than the transverse width in another portion, e.g., the front portion. For example, in some non-limiting embodiments, the maximum transverse with of the rear portion may be at least 20% larger than the front portion. It is to be understood, however, that one of skill in the art may readily select the dimension(s) of the absorbent article as desired for a particular application and/or particular type of absorbent article (e.g., sanitary napkin or pad, panty liner, incontinence liner, etc.).

[0084] The absorbent core can take the form of a number of different shapes. Depending on the type of product, intended activity during use, and/or body orientation during use, the absorbent core may have a shape that is at least mirror symmetric when bisected about the central longitudinal axis (Y) and optionally mirror symmetric when bisected about the central transverse axis (X). For example, a first sanitary pad suitable for day use may have an absorbent core shape that is mirror symmetric when bisected about both the central transverse and longitudinal axes, whereas a second sanitary pad suitable for overnight use may be provided with an absorbent core having a rear portion that has a maximum width in the transverse direction than is greater than a maximum width in the transverse direction of the front portion, thereby rendering the shape of the absorbent core of the second sanitary pad mirror symmetric when bisected about the central longitudinal axis but not when bisected about the central transverse axis.

[0085] The absorbent core has a length in the longitudinal direction that extends between a front edge 31 and a rear edge 32 and a width in the transverse direction that extends between a first side edge 33 and a second side edge 34. In some non-limiting, exemplary embodiments one or both of the length and the width of the absorbent core may be equal to or shorter than a respective length and width of the absorbent article. However, it is to be understood that one of skill in the art may readily adjust the dimensions of the absorbent article and/or the absorbent core, as desired for, or to suit a particular use/purpose.

[0086] The length of the absorbent core comprises a front part 30F, a rear part 30R, and a central part 30C arranged between the front and rear parts. These three parts, when combined, account for the entire length of the absorbent core. In some embodiments, it may be preferable that the front, central and rear parts are evenly divided along the length of the absorbent article. In other words, the front, central, and rear parts may each comprise one-third (1/3) of the total length of the absorbent article. It is further contemplated, however, that the division of the length of the absorbent core may, in other non-limiting embodiments, be chosen so that at least one of the front, central, and rear parts is different in length from the other two parts.

[0087] Along its length, the absorbent core further comprises three distinct zones. These three distinct zones include a front absorbent zone 350F, a rear absorbent zone 350R, and a reservoir zone 35. As shown in the figures, the reservoir zone is typically arranged along the central longitudinal axis (Y) between the front and rear absorbent zones. Like the front, central, and rear parts of the absorbent core, the combined lengths of the front absorbent zone, the reservoir zone, and the rear absorbent zone are also equal to the total length of the absorbent core. However, as the reservoir zone is arranged between the front and rear absorbent zones, the respective lengths of the front and absorbent zones are determined by the length and positioning of the reservoir zone. Thus, however much the reservoir zone extends into either of the front and rear parts is proportional to the reduction in length of the corresponding front or rear absorbent zone.

[0088] To illustrate this concept, and with reference back to Fig. 1 , the reservoir zone has, in a non-limiting embodiment, a length that is longer than one-third of the total length of the absorbent core, and in which the total length of the absorbent core is equally divided in thirds between the front, central, and rear parts. Here, the reservoir zone is arranged partially in the front part as well as in the central part. The length of the reservoir zone extends between a front transverse edge 351 situated in the front part and a rear transverse edge 352 arranged in the central part. The front length of the front absorbent zone thus extends between the front edge of the absorbent core and the front transverse edge of the reservoir zone and constitutes less than one-third of the total length in this particular example. On the other end, the rear length of the rear absorbent zone extends between the rear transverse edge of the reservoir zone and the rear edge of the absorbent core. Because the reservoir zone is positioned outside of and does not cross into the rear part, the rear length of the rear absorbent zone in this illustrative, non-limiting example is more than one-third of the total length of the absorbent core.

[0089] The reservoir zone itself is generally a central hub for fluid intake and distribution into and within the absorbent article, and by extension, also provides a temporary storage location for the captured bodily fluids/exudates. It is, therefore, preferred that the reservoir zone be arranged in the transverse and longitudinal directions at a position that facilitates the capture of rapid and/or large insults of bodily discharges, either directly or indirectly. In this regard, a majority of the bodily fluids and/or exudates captured during use of the absorbent article are either directly received in the reservoir zone or routed thereto by another intervening layer, such as an optional liquid acquisition layer 5. Captured bodily fluids and/or exudates are then temporarily stored in the reservoir zone until subsequent distribution to another portion (e.g., front absorbent zone, rear absorbent zone) of the absorbent article.

[0090] Distribution of the captured fluids/exudates throughout the absorbent core can be effectuated by a plurality of distribution channels 36 that include one or more front distribution channels 36f and one or more rear distribution channels 36r. As can be seen in the exemplary absorbent article of Fig. 1 , each of the distribution channels generally extends in the longitudinal direction from the reservoir zone with the front distribution channels generally extending toward the front edge of the absorbent core and with the rear distribution channels generally extending toward the rear edge of the absorbent core. In addition, a portion of each distribution channel overlaps with the reservoir zone, meaning that the ends of the distribution channels arranged closest to the reservoir zone and extending therefrom originate from an area inside of the reservoir zone, rather than adjacent to or outside it. Statedly differently, each distribution channel starts within the reservoir zone and ends outside it thus crossing the perimeter of the reservoir zone. Having the distribution channels directly connected to the reservoir zone contributes to the improved fluid handling characteristics of the absorbent articles described herein by facilitating distribution of the absorbed fluids/exudates stored in the reservoir zone from the reservoir zone into the distribution channels, and by extension, to the front and rear absorbent zones of the absorbent core.

[0091] Also, the one or more front distribution channels have a total front distribution distance, and the one or more rear distribution channels similarly have a total rear distribution distance. The total front distribution distance and the total rear distribution distance each correspond with a maximum volume, most commonly expressed in terms of milliliters (mL), of captured bodily fluids/exudates that is capable of being distributed through the front distribution channels and the rear distribution channels, respectively.

[0092] Relative to each other, one of the total front distribution distance and the total rear distribution distance is greater than the other. In other words, this means that one of the total front distribution distance and the total rear distribution distance assists to accommodate steering and distribution of a larger volume of captured bodily fluids/exudates than the other. As such, the total front distribution distance and the total rear distribution distance are different. Either the front distribution channels or the rear distribution channels will be capable of containing and transporting more bodily exudates and/or fluids than the other. This also means that the absorbent article will have an asymmetrical fluid distribution profile along its length since more fluids/exudates will be transported to one of the front absorbent zone and the rear absorbent zone by the corresponding front distribution channels or rear distribution channels having the greatertotal distribution distance. [0093] Factors that can affect which of the front distribution channels and the rear distribution channels has a greater total distribution distance may include the number of front distribution channels relative to the number of rear distribution channels and the respective lengths of the respective distribution channels.

[0094] Fig. 1 , for example, depicts an exemplary absorbent article in which the rear distribution channels have a greater total distribution distance than the front distribution channels. In this particular example, the two front distribution channels and the two rear side distribution channels are similarly sized. However, the rear distribution channels also include a third central rear distribution channel, which increases the total rear distribution distance relative to the total front distribution distance. For contrast, Figure 5, which is discussed in further detail below, depicts another exemplary absorbent article in which the front distribution channels have a greater total distribution distance than the rear distribution channels. Opposite to the arrangement of distribution channels shown in Fig. 1 , the exemplary absorbent article illustrated in Fig. 5 includes three front distribution channels which have a combined total front distribution distance that is greater than the combined total rear distribution distance of the two rear distribution channels.

[0095] Figure 2A shows a cross-section of the exemplary absorbent article of Fig. 1 taken along the line II. In this non-limiting exemplary embodiment, the reservoir zone comprises an indentation in the absorbent core. It is to be understood that structurally, the indentation has a depth in the z- direction, a width in the transverse direction, and also a length in the longitudinal direction. A positive dimension in each of the x-, y-, and z-axes ensures that the reservoir zone has a corresponding volume into which the bodily discharges can be received and temporarily stored.

[0096] In certain non-limiting embodiments, it may be preferable that the indentation is formed in the absorbent core by compression. Compression may be effectuated in non-limiting embodiments by top-down embossing of the topsheet and the absorbent core. Likewise, when the absorbent article further comprises one or more intervening layers, such as an optional liquid acquisition layer, these one or more intervening layers may also be included in the top-down embossing of the absorbent core. By compressing the absorbent core in this manner, the reservoir zone can be made readily visible in the assembled absorbent article structure. This can be particularly advantageous from the perspective of user confidence in the product since visibility of the reservoir zone can already signal an initial sense of security against leakage to the user and/or provide signal to the user how the absorbent article should be oriented during use.

[0097] Additionally or alternatively, the material of the absorbent core and/or the topsheet and any optional intervening layer(s) when provided, can be compressed by top-down embossing, around a perimeter of the reservoir zone. Embossing the perimeter in this fashion can give the reservoir zone a convex surface and may further contribute to the visibility of the reservoir zone in the final assembled absorbent article.

[0098] As discussed above, the opposing ends of each distribution channel are arranged partially inside of the perimeter of the reservoir zone. In this sense, the distribution channels are docked inside of the reservoir zone. In certain non-limiting embodiments, it is preferable that the distribution channels are also formed by compression, e.g., by embossing the absorbent core. Because the distribution channels have partial overlap with the width dimension of the indentation of the reservoir zone, it may be preferable that the distribution channels are embossed in the absorbent core after top-down embossing of the absorbent core together with the topsheet and any optional intervening layer arranged therebetween. This can have the advantage of ensuring that the embossed distribution channels will have visibility in the final assembled product, same as the reservoir zone, and may further contribute to enhancing the user’s confidence in the article. [0099] The distribution channels may take the form of either continuous or discontinuous embossing lines. For continuous lines, an embossing line may comprise a single line segment that is preferably uninterrupted or unbroken between its endpoints. When provided as a discontinuous line, an embossing line may comprise a plurality of line segments, which are preferably spaced some distance apart from any adjacent line segment. Further, it is preferable that discontinuous segments are spaced not more than 1 mm apart from any adjacent segment as a larger distance could interrupt and/or stop the flow in the channel.

[00100] In an alternative non-limiting embodiment of the present disclosure, it is further contemplated that the reservoir zone can be formed by an additive process in place of the indentation described above. Instead of compressing the absorbent core material together with at least the topsheet, the absorbent core can be formed with additional material in the area where the reservoir zone is intended to be arranged. Typically, the additional material will comprise the same material(s) used to form the absorbent core, but provided in an increased quantity relative to the remaining area of the absorbent core that does not comprise the reservoir zone. Accordingly, the reservoir zone may have a larger thickness in the z-direction than the remainder of the absorbent core which comprises less material. Due to the additional material, the reservoir zone may also comprise a convex surface, which may take the exemplary, non-limiting form of a hump (not shown). [00101] Figure 2B depicts a variation of the cross-section of Fig. 2A that further includes an optional liquid acquisition layer 5. The optional acquisition layer may, as shown in the figure, be arranged between the topsheet and the absorbent core and may suitably be placed on top of the absorbent core. The acquisition layer is adapted to quickly receive and temporarily store discharged liquid before it is absorbed by the absorbent core. Such acquisition/distribution layers may be composed of, for example, airlaid nonwoven, spunlace nonwoven, high loft nonwoven, foam materials, and/or combinations thereof. The nonwoven material may be hydrophilic and/or a hydrophilic material may be obtained by adding surfactant. It is to be understood that the acquisition layer can be formed from any one or more of the aforementioned materials, however, low density nonwoven materials may be particularly preferred in certain embodiments.

[00102]The acquisition layer may be suitably dimensioned in the transverse and longitudinal directions (x, y) as desired, for example, based on the type and/or application of the absorbent article, by one of ordinary skill. In one exemplary embodiment, the acquisition layer may have a length in the longitudinal direction (y) and a width in the transverse direction (x) that are equal to or shorter than a respective length and respective width of the absorbent core.

[00103] Figure 3 depicts another non-limiting exemplary absorbent article according to the present disclosure. The example absorbent article of Fig. 3 comprises a reservoir zone arranged along a central longitudinal axis (Y) of the absorbent article. Extending generally in the longitudinal direction from the reservoir zone toward a front edge of the absorbent core is a plurality of front distribution channels including two side front distribution channels 360a and 360b that are arranged mirror symmetrically on either side of the central longitudinal axis and a central front channel 360c arranged along the central longitudinal axis. [00104] Each of the front distribution channels has a respective extension, or length, between respective first endpoints 3601 f and respective second endpoints 3602f. As can be seen in the figure, each first endpoint is arranged inside a perimeter of the reservoir zone. Having the respective first endpoints arranged within reservoir zone provides a direct connection between the channels and the reservoir zone and facilitates the distribution of captured fluids/exudates temporarily stored in the reservoir zone into the channels for distribution to one of the front absorbent zone and the rear absorbent zone.

[00105] In this non-limiting example, the respective dimensions, e.g., the respective widths in the transverse direction and the respective extensions (lengths) of the front distribution channels are varied. In particular, the central front distribution channel has a relatively shorter extension in the longitudinal direction than the respective extensions of the two side front distribution channels. Also, the central front distribution channel has a width that is tapered along its length, with a maximum width arranged at the first endpoint, which is docked inside the reservoir zone, and tapering to a minimum width arranged at the second endpoint, which is arranged proximal to the front edge of the absorbent core. The two side front distribution channels, by contrast, each have a respective width that is constant along the entire length of the channel. Relative to the other distribution channels, the two side front distribution channels have the smallest respective width and respective extensions that are relatively longer than the central front distribution channel and relatively shorted than the rear distribution channels.

[00106] Also extending generally in the longitudinal direction from the reservoir zone, but toward a rear edge of the absorbent core, is a plurality of rear distribution channels. In this non-limiting example, the rear distribution channels include a pair of side rear distribution channels 360z and 360y that are arranged mirror symmetrically on either side of the central longitudinal axis. Like the front distribution channels, each of the rear distribution channels has a respective extension between respective first endpoints 3601 r and respective second endpoints 3602r. Again, each first endpoint is arranged inside a perimeter of the reservoir zone as this provides a direct connection between each of the channels and the reservoir zone, which facilitates the distribution of captured fluids/exudates.

[00107] In terms of dimensions, each of the side rear distribution channels has a respective width that is constant along the entire length of the channel. Relative to the other channels in the plurality of distribution channels, the side rear distribution channels have the longest respective extensions and respective widths that are relatively larger than the respective widths of the two side front distribution channels and relatively smaller than the respective tapered width of the central front distribution channel.

[00108] A further non-limiting, exemplary absorbent article according to the present disclosure is illustrated in Figure 4. Like the exemplary absorbent article of Fig. 1 , the example absorbent article of Fig. 4, comprises a reservoir zone arranged along a central longitudinal axis (Y) and a plurality of distribution channels extending therefrom in the front and rear portions of the absorbent article. This reservoir zone, however, has a different shape than that of Fig. 1 . In Fig. 1 , the reservoir zone has an elliptical or oval-like shape whereas in Fig. 4, the shape is more like a rhombus with rounded edges. The transverse width of the reservoir zone also tapers from a maximum transverse width along the central transverse axis (X) at the midpoint of the length of the reservoir zone to a minimum width at each of the front and rear transverse edges.

[00109] In this non-limiting embodiment, the absorbent core is provided with an unequal number of distribution channels, which includes three front distribution channels 36f and four rear distribution channels 36r. In both the front and the rear portions, the two side distribution channels that are arranged closest to the first and second side edges 33, 34 of the absorbent core generally extend in the longitudinal direction from within the reservoir zone and curve slightly outward toward the proximal-most first or second first side edge. The third distribution channel in the front portion is arranged to generally extend from the reservoir zone along the central longitudinal axis (Y) between the other two side front distribution channels that are arranged mirror symmetrically on either side of the central longitudinal axis. In this non-limiting example, the central front distribution channel splits into first and second branches that are also mirror symmetric about the central longitudinal axis (Y). In the rear portion, there are two inner rear distribution channels arranged between the two side rear distribution channels. Like the two rear side distribution channels, the two inner rear distribution channels are arranged mirror symmetrically on either side of the central longitudinal axis. The two inner rear distribution channels also have respective extensions that are relatively longer than the respective extensions of the two side rear distribution channels. Further, the respective widths in the transverse direction (x) of each of the distribution channels, both in the front and rear portions, are equally dimensioned in this particular non-limiting example. In other words, all of the distribution channels have the same width dimension in the transverse direction (x).

[00110]The exemplary absorbent article of Fig. 4 also includes a barrier channel 38 arranged proximal to the rear edge of the absorbent core and spaced a distance apart from each rear distribution channel 36r. Unlike the distribution channels, the barrier channel has an extension in the transverse direction (x) and is generally arranged perpendicular to the longitudinal distribution channels. The barrier channel is also spaced a distance apart from the distribution channels and thus neither connected with nor docked to any distribution channel. In some non-limiting embodiments, the free ends of the barrier channel may curve or otherwise extend upward in the longitudinal direction parallel with a length of the first and second side edges of the absorbent core in at least the rear part. Providing a barrier channel in the rear portion of the absorbent core may be advantageous as an additional reinforcement against leakage by limiting, if not all together stopping, the flow of absorbed bodily discharges from reaching the limits (e.g., rear edge) of the absorbent core.

[00111]The barrier channel may be embossed in the absorbent article, just like the distribution channels, in any one or more of the absorbent core, topsheet, and other intervening layer(s) when provided. When embossed in the one or more layers of the absorbent article, it may be further preferable that the barrier channel is a continuous embossing line.

[00112] Further, the exemplary absorbent article of Fig. 4 includes first and second longitudinal side channels 37a, 37b, which are arranged as an additional reinforcement against leakage by preventing the flow of absorbed bodily discharges from reaching the wings of the absorbent article. The longitudinal side channels are generally arranged in the central part in between the first and second side edges of the absorbent and the reservoir zone. Specifically, the first longitudinal side channel 37a is arranged in the longitudinal direction between the first side edge 33 and the reservoir zone and the second longitudinal side channel 37b is arranged in the longitudinal direction between the second side edge 34. In this sense, neither the first longitudinal side channel nor the second longitudinal side channel extends from an inside of the perimeter of the reservoir zone.

[00113]The longitudinal channels may be straight, essentially straight, curved, or a combination thereof. Similar to the distribution channels and the barrier channel, it may be preferable that the longitudinal sides channels are embossed in any one or more of the absorbent core, topsheet, and other intervening layer(s), when provided. It may be further preferable, in certain non-limiting embodiments, that the longitudinal side channels comprise continuous embossing lines. These embossing line may comprise continuous or discontinuous (e.g., dotted) lines.

[00114] Even further still, the front distribution channels 36f of the exemplary absorbent article of Fig. 4 comprise additional embossed elements 39 in the front portion. These additional embossed elements may take the form of decorative or stylized element(s) and may be visually pleasing to the user. As shown in Fig. 4, the front distribution channel arranged along the central longitudinal axis (Y) has extending from the first and second branches exemplary embossed elements that generally resemble the shape of an unclosed heart. Similarly, the two front distribution channels that are arranged mirror symmetrically on either side of the central longitudinal axis have respective, exemplary embossed elements extending therefrom. Here, the embossed elements extending from the two front side distribution channels are joined together by a transverse segment arranged above the heart-like embossed elements extending from the front central distribution channel. This transverse segment, like the barrier channel in the rear portion, provides yet another reinforcement against leakage by limiting the flow of absorbed bodily discharges from reaching the front edge of the absorbent core. Moreover, the embossed elements are further advantageous in that they provide a visual signal to the user indicative of the level of use of the absorbent article.

[00115] Figure 5 shows another non-limiting exemplary absorbent article according to the present disclosure. Here, the example absorbent article is provided with an absorbent core that is symmetrical about both the transverse and longitudinal axes. The absorbent article comprises a reservoir zone arranged along a central longitudinal axis (Y) of the absorbent article and which has a teardrop shape. With this particular shape, the width of the reservoir zone varies along the length from a maximum transverse width to a minimum transverse width at the front transverse edge 351 . [00116]The reservoir zone of Fig. 5 is also arranged in about one-third of the front part 30F. This is farther forward than the respective reservoir zones of the exemplary absorbent articles shown in Figs. 1 , 3, and 4. Due to this arrangement, it further follows that the front length of the front absorbent zone 350F is about two-thirds of the total length of the front part. On the other hand, the rear length of the rear absorbent zone 350R extends between the rear transverse edge 352 of the reservoir zone, which is situated in the central part, and the rear edge of the absorbent core. Thus, the rear length is longer than the relatively short front length of this exemplary absorbent article. [00117]The arrangement of the plurality of distribution channels shown in Fig. 5 also differs from the previously described exemplary absorbent articles of Figs. 1 , 3, and 4. There are three front distribution channels 36f and two rear distribution channels 36r, all of which have essentially the same width in the transverse direction. The three front distribution channels have essentially the same length in the longitudinal direction. However, the central front distribution channel extends closer to the front edge 31 than the two side front distribution channels. This is because the central front distribution channel is docked with the front transverse edge 351 of the reservoir zone and extends along the central longitudinal axis (Y) whereas the two side front distribution channels are respectively docked farther back on the longitudinal side edges of the reservoir zone. Further, the two rear distribution channels have essentially the same length in the longitudinal direction and are arranged mirror symmetrically on either side of the central longitudinal axis.

[00118] The absorbent articles in accordance with the present disclosure may be provided with wings in order to facilitate attachment of the article to a user’s undergarment during use. The type of wings is not intended to be particularly limited. The wings may be symmetrical about either or both of the transverse and longitudinal axes, as shown for example in the previously described exemplary absorbent articles of Figs. 1 and 3-5, orthey may be asymmetrical, as shown for example in Fig. 6.

[00119] Figure 6 shows another non-limiting example of an absorbent article according to the present disclosure. However, this particular absorbent article differs from those previously discussed in relation to the preceding figures at least in that its respective rear portion has a maximum transverse width that is greater in size that the maximum transverse width of the corresponding front portion. Often, absorbent articles having a wider maximum transverse width in the rear portion than the maximum transverse width in the front portion may be particularly suitable for use as an overnight product. Similarly, the absorbent core is often longer in the rear part relative to the reservoir zone and wings, when provided, in such overnight products.

[00120] Structurally, the absorbent article of Fig. 6 is not constructed any differently. The absorbent article comprises at least a topsheet, a backsheet, and an absorbent core arranged therebetween. Likewise, the absorbent core comprises a reservoir zone and plurality of distribution channels including one or more front distribution channels and one or more rear distribution channels.

[00121]The absorbent core of the exemplary absorbent article illustrated in Fig. 6 has an elliptical or oval-shaped reservoir zone and is provided with an uneven number of distribution channels. One single front distribution channel 36f arranged along the central longitudinal axis (Y) extends from the reservoir zone and towards the front edge. Here, the front distribution channel diverges into first and second branches that are mirror symmetric about the central longitudinal axis (Y). Also extending from the first and second branches of the front distribution channel are embossed elements that provide a heart-shape. In the rear portion, the absorbent core is provided with two rear distribution channels 36r. Like the front distribution channel, the rear distribution channels extend from within the reservoir zone and have respective embossed elements extending therefrom. Additional embossed elements 39 are also provided in between the first and second side edges of the absorbent core and the reservoir zone in the front and rear parts. [00122] Additionally, the exemplary absorbent article shown in Fig. 6, like Fig. 1 , has a total rear distribution distance that is greater than the total front distribution distance. This can be attributed to the provision of one front distribution channel, which has a relatively shorter extension than the combined extensions of the two rear distribution channels.

[00123] In certain non-limiting embodiments, the absorbent articles of the present disclosure may further comprise one or more shaping lines (not shown). These one or more shaping lines may extend down through the topsheet and into a top surface of the absorbent core and/or an optional liquid acquisition layer, when present and, whichever is arranged in direct contact with the topsheet. The shaping lines are preferably embossed top-down in the topsheet and absorbent core, and optionally any intervening layer(s), from the user-facing side as this facilitates preferential bending of the article and by extension may serve to enhance the conformance of the absorbent article to the wearer’s anatomy during use. This may also be considered to help improve the overall fit of the article.

[00124] Further, the shaping lines may preferably extend through a thickness of the absorbent article between the topsheet and a bottom surface of the absorbent core. Likewise, having the shaping lines extend through a greater thickness of the absorbent articles facilitates the preferential bending thereof. Enhancement to the bending of the article may be particularly apparent in relatively thicker absorbent articles, for example a pad or napkin, when the embossed shaping lines extend through a greater percentage of the layers. Again, this may serve to contribute to improving the overall fit of the article during use.

[00125]The shaping lines may take the form of either continuous or discontinuous lines. For continuous lines, a shaping line may comprise a single line segment that is preferably uninterrupted or broken between its endpoints. When provided as a discontinuous line, a shaping line may comprise a plurality of line segments, which are preferably spaced some distance apart from any adjacent line segment.

[00126] Additionally, one or more of the individual components of the absorbent article, i.e., the topsheet, an optional acquisition layer, the absorbent core, and the backsheet may also be provided with one or more colors to enhance the visual appearance of the absorbent article and/or provide the wearer with an indication as to how the absorbent article should be oriented during use. Further, the individual components may be provided with the same color in certain embodiments or in one or more different colors in other embodiments. It is to be understood that the selection of the one or more colors for one or more of the individual components is wholly within the purview of one skilled in the art and as such can be readily selected as desired. Additionally, in certain non-limiting embodiments, it is preferable that the topsheet is partially or fully transparent. Having a topsheet that is partially or fully transparent may allow one or more layers (e.g., the absorbent core) or element(s) thereof (e.g., shaping element) arranged underneath the topsheet to be more easily visualized by the user.

[00127] Although the exemplary embodiments illustrated in Figs. 1-6 depict an absorbent article with wings, it is to be understood that variant(s) of an absorbent article in accordance with the present disclosure can be provided without wings. Moreover, while the above discussion has been exemplified through a sanitary pad, an absorbent article in accordance with the present disclosure may nevertheless be provided in the form of other absorbent articles including but not limited to incontinence liners, panty liners, and sanitary pads.

[00128] While the invention has been described herein by reference to certain embodiments, it is to be understood that modifications in addition to those described herein may be made to the structures and techniques described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Accordingly, although specific embodiments have been described, they are examples only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention.

Claims

1 . An absorbent article having a width in a transverse direction (x) along a central transverse axis (X) and a length in a longitudinal direction (y) along a central longitudinal axis (Y), the length comprising a front portion and a rear portion, the absorbent article comprising a liquid-permeable topsheet, a liquid-impermeable backsheet, and an absorbent core arranged between the topsheet and the backsheet, the absorbent core having a length in the longitudinal direction between a front edge and a rear edge, the length comprising a front part, a rear part, and a central part arranged between the front and rear parts, and a width in the transverse direction (x) between a first side edge and a second side edge, wherein the absorbent core comprises a front absorbent zone, a rear absorbent zone, a reservoir zone arranged along the central longitudinal axis (Y) between the front and rear absorbent zones, and a plurality of distribution channels comprising one or more front distribution channels that generally extend(s) in the longitudinal direction from the reservoir zone toward the front edge of the absorbent core and one or more rear distribution channels that generally extend(s) in the longitudinal direction from the reservoir zone toward the rear edge of the absorbent core, the one or more front distribution channels having a total front distribution distance from the reservoir zone to the front absorbent zone, and the one or more rear distribution channels having a total rear distribution distance from the reservoir zone to the rear absorbent zone, and relative to each other, one of the total front distribution distance and the total rear distribution distance is greater than the other.

2. The absorbent article according to claim 1 , wherein the reservoir zone comprises an indentation in the absorbent core, the indentation preferably formed by compression of material in the absorbent core.

3. The absorbent article according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein the reservoir zone comprises a convex surface.

4. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reservoir zone has a width in the transverse direction from 15 to 40 mm, preferably from 20 to 30 mm.

5. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reservoir zone has a maximum width in the transverse direction from 20 to 60%, preferably from 30 to 50%, of the width of the absorbent core in the central part.

6. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reservoir zone has a front transverse edge, a rear transverse edge, and a maximum width in the transverse direction that tapers to a minimum width at one or both of the front transverse edge and rear transverse edge.

7. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reservoir zone has a shape selected from: circle, oval, teardrop, and rhombus, and preferably has rounded sides and/or edges.

8. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reservoir zone is symmetrical when bisected in one or both of the transverse direction (x) and the longitudinal direction (y).

9. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the reservoir zone is arranged in the central part, and preferably partially in one of the front part and the rear part.

10. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each channel in the plurality of distribution channels is formed by compression of material in the absorbent core, and each distribution channel preferably comprises an embossing line which is preferably continuous.

11. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each channel in the plurality of distribution channels is a straight, an essentially straight, or a curved line.

12. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each channel in the plurality of distribution channels has an extension between respective first and second endpoints, with the respective first endpoints of the one or more front distribution channels and of the one or more rear distribution channels arranged in the reservoir zone, the respective second endpoints of the one or more front distribution channels arranged in the front absorbent zone, and the respective second endpoints of the one or more rear distribution channels arranged in the rear absorbent zone, and preferably wherein the respective extension of at least one of the one or more front distribution channels is at least 50% of a front length of the front absorbent zone between the front edge and a front transverse edge of the reservoir zone and the respective extension of at least one of the one or more rear distribution channels is at least 50% of a rear length of the rear absorbent zone between a rear transverse edge of the reservoir zone and the rear edge.

13. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each channel in the plurality of distribution channels has a respective width in the transverse direction (x).

14. The absorbent article according to claim 13, wherein the respective widths are (i) equal in size for all channels in the plurality; (ii) equal in size within a first subset of all channels that extend into the front portion, equal in size within a second subset of all channels that extend into the rear portion, and different in size between the first and second subsets; (iii) equal in size within or of the first and second subsets and different in size within the other of the first and second subsets; or (iv) different in size within both the first and second subsets.

15. The absorbent article according any one of the preceding claims, wherein each channel in the plurality of the distribution channels has a respective depth in a thickness direction (z), and each respective depth is preferably not less than 30% of a maximum thickness of the absorbent core.

16. The absorbent article according to claim 15, wherein the respective depths are either (i) equal in size for all channels in the plurality; or (ii) equal in size within a first subset of all channels that extend into the front portion, equal in size within a second subset of all channels that extend into the rear portion, and different in size between the first and second subsets.

17. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein at least one of the channels in the plurality of distribution channels has, along a respective extension thereof, a respective width and/or a respective depth that varies in size and preferably taper(s) between respective first and second end points of the respective extension.

18. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the plurality of distribution channels comprises an unequal number of front distribution channels and rear distribution channels, and preferably comprises more rear distribution channels than front distribution channels.

19. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more front distribution channels are spaced a minimum distance of from 1.5 to 6 mm, preferably from 3 to 5 mm, apart from each other in the transverse direction and/or the one or more rear distribution channels are spaced a minimum distance of from 1.5 to 6 mm, preferably from 3 to 5 mm, apart from each other in the transverse direction.

20. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein any two adjacent distribution channels are spaced apart from each other in the transverse direction a distance of at least two times a maximum width of the two adjacent distribution channels.

21. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the one or more front distribution channels are asymmetric relative to the one or more rear distribution channels in one or more of: number of channels, respective length(s), respective width(s), and respective docking position(s) of the channels) in the reservoir zone.

22. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the absorbent core has a shape that is asymmetric when bisected about the central transverse axis (X).

23. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the absorbent core has a shape that is at least mirror symmetric when bisected about the central longitudinal axis (Y) and optionally mirror symmetric when bisected about the central transverse axis (X).

24. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a maximum width in the transverse direction (x) of the rear portion is greater than a maximum width in the transverse direction (x) of the front portion.

25. The absorbent article according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the absorbent core comprises one or more of pulp, natural fibers, synthetic fibers, tissue, superabsorbent polymers, absorbent foam materials, absorbent nonwoven materials, and the like.