[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2025135642A1 - Dispositif d'électrode et son procédé de commande - Google Patents

Dispositif d'électrode et son procédé de commande Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2025135642A1
WO2025135642A1 PCT/KR2024/019976 KR2024019976W WO2025135642A1 WO 2025135642 A1 WO2025135642 A1 WO 2025135642A1 KR 2024019976 W KR2024019976 W KR 2024019976W WO 2025135642 A1 WO2025135642 A1 WO 2025135642A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
duty ratio
switch
pwm signal
state
electronic device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/KR2024/019976
Other languages
English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
이성모
박준현
이승훈
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Samsung Electronics Co Ltd filed Critical Samsung Electronics Co Ltd
Publication of WO2025135642A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025135642A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H02M7/53871—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
    • H02M7/53875—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output
    • H02M7/53876—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current with analogue control of three-phase output based on synthesising a desired voltage vector via the selection of appropriate fundamental voltage vectors, and corresponding dwelling times
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/539—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
    • H02M7/5395—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
    • H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
    • H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters
    • H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters with pulse width modulation

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an electronic device and a control method thereof, and more particularly, to an electronic device for controlling a switch of an inverter that converts DC power into AC power and a control method thereof.
  • a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal may be provided to an inverter that converts DC power into AC power.
  • the inverter may provide a set AC power using the PWM signal.
  • the pulse width of the PWM signal provided to the inverter may be limited.
  • the minimum pulse width of the PWM signal may be determined for the stability of the circuit.
  • motor noise occurs when the minimum pulse width is determined. Despite the circuit stability, if motor noise occurs, the durability of electronic devices may be weakened due to vibration. If motor noise occurs, it may cause failure of some hardware components. If motor noise occurs, consumer satisfaction may decrease.
  • the present disclosure is designed to improve the above-described problem, and an object of the present disclosure is to provide an electronic device and a control method thereof for controlling a switch by considering the duty ratio of a pulse signal supplied to an inverter.
  • an electronic device includes a memory storing a minimum duty ratio, an inverter converting direct current power into alternating current power, a motor, and at least one processor transmitting the converted alternating current power to the motor, wherein the at least one processor identifies a duty ratio of a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal for controlling the inverter, and if the duty ratio of the PWM signal is less than or equal to the minimum duty ratio, controls a switch corresponding to the PWM signal among a plurality of switches included in the inverter to be turned off.
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • the at least one processor can obtain a target time during which the duty ratio of the PWM signal is less than or equal to the minimum duty ratio, and control the switch to an OFF state during the target time.
  • the at least one processor can identify a first point in time when the duty ratio of the PWM signal becomes the minimum duty ratio while the duty ratio of the PWM signal is greater than the minimum duty ratio, identify a second point in time when the duty ratio of the PWM signal becomes the minimum duty ratio while the duty ratio of the PWM signal is less than the minimum duty ratio, and control the switch to be in an OFF state during the target time representing from the first point in time to the second point in time.
  • the at least one processor can change the switch from an ON state to an OFF state at the first time point, maintain the switch in the OFF state from the first time point to the second time point, and change the switch from the OFF state to an ON state at the second time point.
  • the at least one processor can obtain a maximum duty ratio by subtracting the minimum duty ratio from a duty ratio of 100%, and if the duty ratio of the PWM signal is greater than or equal to the maximum duty ratio, control the switch corresponding to the PWM signal to be in an ON state.
  • the target time is a first target time
  • the at least one processor can obtain a second target time in which a duty ratio of the PWM signal is greater than or equal to the maximum duty ratio, and control the switch to be in an ON state during the second target time.
  • the at least one processor can identify a third point in time at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal becomes the maximum duty ratio while the duty ratio of the PWM signal is less than the maximum duty ratio, identify a fourth point in time at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal becomes the maximum duty ratio while the duty ratio of the PWM signal is greater than the maximum duty ratio, and control the switch to be in an ON state during the second target time representing from the third point in time to the fourth point in time.
  • the inverter is a three-phase inverter
  • the plurality of switches include a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a fourth switch, a fifth switch, and a sixth switch
  • the at least one processor can provide a first PWM signal corresponding to a first phase based on the first switch and the fourth switch, provide a second PWM signal corresponding to a second phase based on the second switch and the fifth switch, and provide a third PWM signal corresponding to a third phase based on the third switch and the sixth switch.
  • the at least one processor can control the fourth switch to be ON when the first switch is OFF, control the fifth switch to be ON when the second switch is OFF, and control the sixth switch to be ON when the third switch is OFF.
  • the above inverter may be a three-phase inverter using three DPWM (Discontinuous DPWM) signals spaced 120 degrees apart.
  • DPWM Continuous DPWM
  • a control method of an electronic device including a memory storing a minimum duty ratio, an inverter converting direct current power into alternating current power, and a motor, wherein the electronic device transmits the converted alternating current power to the motor
  • the control method includes a step of identifying a duty ratio of a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal for controlling the inverter, and a step of controlling a switch corresponding to the PWM signal among a plurality of switches included in the inverter to an OFF state if the duty ratio of the PWM signal is less than or equal to the minimum duty ratio.
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • the above control method further includes a step of obtaining a target time during which the duty ratio of the PWM signal is less than or equal to the minimum duty ratio, and the step of controlling the switch to an OFF state can control the switch to an OFF state during the target time.
  • the step of controlling the switch to an OFF state may include identifying a first point in time when the duty ratio of the PWM signal becomes the minimum duty ratio while the duty ratio of the PWM signal is greater than the minimum duty ratio, identifying a second point in time when the duty ratio of the PWM signal becomes the minimum duty ratio while the duty ratio of the PWM signal is less than the minimum duty ratio, and controlling the switch to an OFF state during the target time representing from the first point in time to the second point in time.
  • the step of controlling the switch to an OFF state may include changing the switch from an ON state to an OFF state at the first time point, maintaining the switch in the OFF state from the first time point to the second time point, and changing the switch from the OFF state to an ON state at the second time point.
  • the above control method may include a step of obtaining a maximum duty ratio by subtracting the minimum duty ratio from a duty ratio of 100%, and a step of controlling the switch corresponding to the PWM signal to an ON state if the duty ratio of the PWM signal is greater than or equal to the maximum duty ratio.
  • the target time is a first target time
  • the control method further includes a step of obtaining a second target time in which a duty ratio of the PWM signal is greater than or equal to the maximum duty ratio, and the step of controlling the switch to an ON state can control the switch to an ON state during the second target time.
  • the step of controlling the switch to an ON state may include identifying a third point in time at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal becomes the maximum duty ratio while the duty ratio of the PWM signal is less than the maximum duty ratio, identifying a fourth point in time at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal becomes the maximum duty ratio while the duty ratio of the PWM signal is greater than the maximum duty ratio, and controlling the switch to an ON state during the second target time representing from the third point in time to the fourth point in time.
  • the above inverter is a three-phase inverter
  • the plurality of switches include a first switch, a second switch, a third switch, a fourth switch, a fifth switch, and a sixth switch
  • the control method may further include a step of providing a first PWM signal corresponding to a first phase based on the first switch and the fourth switch, a step of providing a second PWM signal corresponding to a second phase based on the second switch and the fifth switch, and a step of providing a third PWM signal corresponding to a third phase based on the third switch and the sixth switch.
  • the above control method may further include a step of controlling the fourth switch to an ON state if the first switch is in an OFF state, a step of controlling the fifth switch to an ON state if the second switch is in an OFF state, and a step of controlling the sixth switch to an ON state if the third switch is in an OFF state.
  • the above inverter may be a three-phase inverter using three DPWM (Discontinuous DPWM) signals spaced 120 degrees apart.
  • DPWM Continuous DPWM
  • FIG. 1 is a drawing for explaining an operation of supplying power to a motor according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a specific configuration of the electronic device of FIG. 2, according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a drawing for explaining an operation of converting power through an inverter according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining an operation of generating a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal according to one embodiment.
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining a Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation (SVPWM) control operation according to one embodiment.
  • SVPWM Space Vector Pulse Width Modulation
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining SVPWM control operation according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a DPWM (Discontinuous Pulse Width Modulation) control operation according to one embodiment.
  • DPWM Dynamic Pulse Width Modulation
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a DPWM control operation according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an operation of controlling DPWM without a minimum pulse width limitation according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining an operation of identifying a target time according to a minimum pulse width limitation, according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining an operation of controlling DPWM by applying a minimum pulse width limitation according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining an operation of controlling DPWM using minimum pulse width limitation and switching control according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining an operation of controlling DPWM using minimum pulse width limitation and switching control according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 15 is a drawing for explaining an operation of controlling a switch using a minimum duty ratio according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 16 is a drawing for explaining an operation of controlling a switch using a minimum duty ratio according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 17 is a drawing for explaining an operation of controlling a switch using a minimum duty ratio according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 18 is a drawing for explaining an operation of controlling a switch using a maximum duty ratio according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 19 is a drawing for explaining an operation of controlling a switch using a maximum duty ratio according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 20 is a drawing for explaining a method for controlling an electronic device according to one embodiment.
  • each of the phrases “A or B”, “at least one of A and B”, “at least one of A or B”, “A, B, or C”, “at least one of A, B, and C”, and “at least one of A, B, or C” can include any one of the items listed together in that phrase, or all possible combinations of them.
  • a component e.g., a first component
  • another component e.g., a second component
  • the component can be connected to the other component directly (e.g., wired), wirelessly, or through a third component.
  • Washing machines can perform washing, rinsing, dehydration, and drying processes. Washing machines are an example of clothes treatment devices, and clothes treatment devices are a concept encompassing devices that wash clothes (laundry items, drying items), devices that dry clothes, and devices that can perform both washing and drying of clothes.
  • Washing machines may include top-loading washing machines in which a laundry inlet for putting in or taking out laundry is provided to face upward, or front-loading washing machines in which a laundry inlet is provided to face forward. Washing machines according to various embodiments may include washing machines of other loading methods other than top-loading washing machines and front-loading washing machines.
  • the front-loading washing machine may include a washing machine with a dryer capable of drying laundry accommodated inside the drum.
  • the washing machine with a dryer may include a hot air supply device for supplying high-temperature air into the drum and a condensing device for removing moisture from air discharged from the drum.
  • the washing machine with a dryer may include a heat pump device.
  • the washing machine according to various embodiments may include a washing machine with a washing method other than the washing method described above.
  • a washing machine may include a housing that accommodates various components therein.
  • the housing may be provided in the form of a box with a laundry inlet formed on one side.
  • the washing machine may include a door for opening and closing the laundry compartment.
  • the door may be rotatably mounted to the housing by a hinge. At least a portion of the door may be transparent or translucent to allow the interior of the housing to be seen.
  • the washing machine may include a tub provided inside the housing to store water.
  • the tub may be provided in a generally cylindrical shape with a tub opening formed on one side, and may be arranged inside the housing so that the tub opening corresponds to the laundry inlet.
  • the tub may be connected to the housing by a damper.
  • the damper may absorb vibrations generated when the drum rotates, thereby attenuating vibrations transmitted to the housing.
  • a washing machine may include a drum configured to accommodate laundry.
  • the drum can be positioned inside the tub so that the drum opening provided on one side corresponds to the laundry inlet and the tub opening. Laundry can be accommodated in the drum or taken out from the drum by passing through the laundry inlet, the tub opening, and the drum opening in sequence.
  • the drum can perform each operation of washing, rinsing, and/or dehydration while rotating inside the tub.
  • a plurality of holes are formed in the cylindrical wall of the drum so that water stored in the tub can flow into the inside of the drum or flow out of the outside of the drum.
  • the washing machine may include a driving device configured to rotate the drum.
  • the driving device may include a driving motor and a rotating shaft for transmitting driving force generated by the driving motor to the drum.
  • the rotating shaft may be connected to the drum by passing through the tub.
  • the drive device can rotate the drum forward or backward to perform each operation according to the washing, rinsing, and/or dehydration, or drying cycle.
  • the water supply valve can open or close the water supply line in response to an electrical signal from the control unit.
  • the water supply valve can allow or block the supply of water to the tub from an external water source.
  • the water supply valve can include, for example, a solenoid valve that opens and closes in response to an electrical signal.
  • the washing machine may include a detergent supply device configured to supply detergent to the tub.
  • the detergent supply device may include a manual detergent supply device that requires a user to insert detergent to be used for each wash, and an automatic detergent supply device that stores a large amount of detergent and automatically inserts a predetermined amount of detergent during the wash.
  • the detergent supply device may include a detergent box for storing detergent.
  • the detergent supply device may be configured to supply detergent into the tub during a water supply process. Water supplied through a water supply pipe may be mixed with detergent via the detergent supply device. The water mixed with detergent may be supplied into the tub.
  • Detergent is used as a term encompassing a pre-wash detergent, a main wash detergent, a fabric softener, a bleach, etc., and the detergent box may be divided into a pre-wash detergent storage area, a main wash detergent storage area, a fabric softener storage area, and a bleach storage area.
  • the washing machine may include a control panel disposed on one side of the housing.
  • the control panel may provide a user interface for a user to interact with the washing machine.
  • the user interface may include at least one input interface and at least one output interface.
  • At least one input interface can convert sensory information received from a user into an electrical signal.
  • the at least one input interface may include a power button, an operation button, a course selection dial (or a course selection button), and a wash/rinse/spin setting button.
  • the at least one input interface may include, for example, a tact switch, a push switch, a slide switch, a toggle switch, a micro switch, a touch switch, a touch pad, a touch screen, a jog dial, and/or a microphone.
  • At least one output interface can visually or audibly convey information related to the operation of the washing machine to the user.
  • At least one output interface can convey information related to a washing course and operating time of the washing machine, washing settings/rinsing settings/spin settings to the user.
  • Information related to the operation of the washing machine can be output by a screen, an indicator, voice, etc.
  • At least one output interface can include, for example, a liquid crystal display (LCD) panel, a light emitting diode (LED) panel, a speaker, etc.
  • LCD liquid crystal display
  • LED light emitting diode
  • the washing machine may include a communication module for communicating with external devices via wired and/or wireless means.
  • the communication module may include at least one of a short-range communication module or a long-range communication module.
  • the communication module can transmit data to an external device (e.g., a server, a user device, and/or a home appliance), or receive data from an external device.
  • an external device e.g., a server, a user device, and/or a home appliance
  • the communication module can establish communication with a server and/or a user device and/or a home appliance, and transmit and receive various data.
  • the communication module can support establishment of a direct (e.g., wired) communication channel or a wireless communication channel between external devices, and performance of communication through the established communication channel.
  • the communication module can include a wireless communication module (e.g., a cellular communication module, a short-range wireless communication module, or a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) communication module) or a wired communication module (e.g., a local area network (LAN) communication module, or a power line communication module).
  • GNSS global navigation satellite system
  • any of these communication modules can communicate with the external device through a first network (e.g., a short-range communication network such as Bluetooth, wireless fidelity (WiFi) direct, or infrared data association (IrDA)) or a second network (e.g., a long-range communication network such as a legacy cellular network, a 5G network, a next-generation communication network, the Internet, or a computer network (e.g., a LAN or WAN)).
  • a first network e.g., a short-range communication network such as Bluetooth, wireless fidelity (WiFi) direct, or infrared data association (IrDA)
  • a second network e.g., a long-range communication network such as a legacy cellular network, a 5G network, a next-generation communication network, the Internet, or a computer network (e.g., a LAN or WAN)
  • a first network e.g., a short-range communication network such as Bluetooth, wireless
  • a short-range wireless communication module may include, but is not limited to, a Bluetooth communication module, a BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) communication module, a Near Field Communication module, a WLAN (Wi-Fi) communication module, a Zigbee communication module, an infrared (IrDA, infrared Data Association) communication module, a WFD (Wi-Fi Direct) communication module, a UWB (ultrawideband) communication module, an Ant+ communication module, a microwave (uWave) communication module, etc.
  • a Bluetooth communication module a BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) communication module, a Near Field Communication module, a WLAN (Wi-Fi) communication module, a Zigbee communication module, an infrared (IrDA, infrared Data Association) communication module, a WFD (Wi-Fi Direct) communication module, a UWB (ultrawideband) communication module, an Ant+ communication module, a microwave (uWave) communication module, etc.
  • the long-distance communication module may include a communication module that performs various types of long-distance communication and may include a mobile communication unit.
  • the mobile communication unit transmits and receives a wireless signal with at least one of a base station, an external terminal, and a server on a mobile communication network.
  • the communication module can communicate with external devices such as a server, a user device, and other home appliances through a peripheral access point (AP).
  • the access point (AP) can connect a local area network (LAN) to which the washing machine or the user device is connected to a wide area network (WAN) to which the server is connected.
  • the washing machine or the user device can be connected to the server through the wide area network (WAN).
  • the control unit can control various components of the washing machine (e.g., a drive motor, a water inlet valve).
  • the control unit can control various components of the washing machine to perform at least one cycle including water supply, washing, rinsing, and/or spin-drying according to a user input.
  • the control unit can control the drive motor to adjust the rotation speed of the drum, or control the water inlet valve of the water supply device to supply water to the tub.
  • the control unit may include hardware such as a CPU or a memory, and software such as a control program.
  • the control unit may include an algorithm for controlling the operation of components in the washing machine, at least one memory storing data in the form of a program, and at least one processor performing the above-described operation using data stored in the at least one memory.
  • the memory and the processor may each be implemented as separate chips.
  • the processor may include one or more processor chips or one or more processing cores.
  • the memory may include one or more memory chips or one or more memory blocks. In addition, the memory and the processor may be implemented as a single chip.
  • FIG. 1 is a drawing for explaining an operation of supplying power to a motor according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electronic device (100) that may include at least one of a PWM control unit (131), a converter (171), an inverter (172), and a motor (173).
  • a PWM control unit 131
  • a converter 171
  • an inverter 172
  • a motor 173
  • the electronic device (100) may be a device that supplies power using a PWM signal.
  • the electronic device (100) may supply power to a motor (173).
  • the electronic device (100) may supply power to a motor (173) using a PWM signal.
  • the electronic device (100) may be implemented as a washing machine, a dryer, an air conditioner, an air purifier, a hair dryer, a dehumidifier, a vacuum cleaner, a robot, etc.
  • the electronic device (100) may be described as a home appliance or an electronic device for home appliances.
  • the PWM control unit (131) can perform a control operation related to a PWM signal.
  • the PWM control unit (131) can generate a PWM signal and perform an operation of converting the generated PWM signal.
  • the PWM control unit (131) can control at least one of the converter (171) or the inverter (172).
  • the PWM control unit (131) can control at least one of the converter (171) or the inverter (172) using a control signal.
  • PWM signals can be classified according to two criteria.
  • PWM signals can be divided into carrier-based PWM and space vector-based PWM depending on the implementation method.
  • Carrier-based PWM is described in Fig. 5.
  • Space vector-based PWM is described in Figs. 6 and 7.
  • PWM signals can be classified into continuous PWM and discontinuous PWM depending on the modulated (converted) power form.
  • Discontinuous PWM DPWM is described in Figs. 8 and 9.
  • the converter (171) can convert AC power into DC power.
  • the converter (171) can receive AC power provided from a power supply.
  • the converter (171) can convert the received AC power into DC power.
  • the inverter (172) can convert DC power into AC power.
  • the inverter (172) can determine at least one of the strength (or size) and frequency of the AC power supplied to the motor based on a preset conversion method.
  • the inverter (172) can convert the DC power into AC power based on at least one of the strength or frequency of the power.
  • the inverter (172) can transmit the converted AC power to the motor (173).
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device according to one embodiment.
  • the electronic device (100) may include at least one of a memory (140), an inverter (172), a motor (173), and at least one processor (130).
  • the memory (140) can store the minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • An inverter (172) can convert direct current power into alternating current power.
  • the motor (173) can transmit physical force to the electronic device (100).
  • the electronic device (100) can be driven based on the physical force transmitted from the motor (173).
  • At least one processor (130) can transmit the converted AC power to the motor (173).
  • At least one processor (130) can include the PWM control unit (131) of FIG. 1.
  • the inverter (172) and the motor (173) may be included in the driving unit (170) of Fig. 3.
  • At least one processor (130) can identify the duty ratio of a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) signal for controlling an inverter (172).
  • PWM Pulse Width Modulation
  • At least one processor (130) can control a switch corresponding to a PWM signal among a plurality of switches included in an inverter (172) to an OFF state if the duty ratio of the PWM signal is less than or equal to a minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • At least one processor (130) can generate a PWM signal to control an inverter (172).
  • the inverter (172) can convert (or change) direct current power into alternating current power.
  • the inverter (172) can use the PWM signal to set the size of the alternating current power or the frequency of the alternating current power.
  • At least one processor (130) can generate a PWM signal based on a preset method.
  • the PWM signal may be generated from a hardware configuration other than at least one processor (130).
  • the PWM signal may be generated directly from a PWM signal generation unit included in the electronic device (100).
  • the PWM signal may be generated directly from an inverter (172).
  • At least one processor (130) can identify (or obtain) a duty ratio of a generated PWM signal. At least one processor (130) can analyze the duty ratio of the PWM signal in real time. At least one processor (130) can analyze a repetitive waveform of the PWM signal. At least one processor (130) can control a switch corresponding to the PWM signal using the duty ratio of the waveform of the PWM signal.
  • the inverter (172) may include a plurality of switches. A description related to an inverter (172) including a plurality of switches is described in FIG. 4.
  • At least one processor (130) can identify a switch among a plurality of switches included in the inverter (172) that corresponds to a PWM signal.
  • At least one processor (130) can identify the first switch (401) corresponding to the first phase (a).
  • At least one processor (130) can identify the second switch (402) corresponding to the second phase (b).
  • At least one processor (130) can identify the third switch (403) corresponding to the third phase (c).
  • At least one processor (130) can control a switch corresponding to the PWM signal by comparing the duty ratio of the PWM signal with the minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • the duty ratio of the PWM signal can represent the ratio of the time that the pulse remains High (or 1) in a unit time.
  • the duty ratio of the PWM signal can be described as a PWM duty ratio, a measurement duty ratio, a pulse duty ratio, etc.
  • At least one processor (130) can obtain minimum pulse width information.
  • the minimum pulse width information can include information for limiting the pulse width for each pulse to a specific value in relation to a PWM signal.
  • the minimum pulse width information can include a minimum duty ratio (d_min). When the minimum pulse width is used, the stability of the circuit can be improved.
  • At least one processor (130) can generate a PWM signal using the minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • At least one processor (130) can control the inverter (172) so that the duty ratio does not become lower than the minimum duty ratio (d_min). At least one processor (130) can control a switch corresponding to the PWM signal so that a PWM signal having a duty ratio lower than the minimum duty ratio (d_min) is not provided to the inverter (172).
  • the minimum duty ratio (d_min) may be described as the critical duty ratio, the first duty ratio, the first critical duty ratio, etc.
  • the minimum pulse width information may include a minimum time of the pulse width.
  • the minimum time of the pulse width may mean an absolute time concept. For example, the minimum time may be 0.7us.
  • At least one processor (130) may provide a PWM signal having a pulse width greater than the minimum time to the inverter (172).
  • the pulse width may represent the time for which the PWM signal remains High (or 1) in one cycle of the waveform.
  • At least one processor (130) can compare the duty ratio of the PWM signal with the minimum duty ratio (d_min) and control the switch corresponding to the PWM signal to the OFF state.
  • At least one processor (130) can control a switch corresponding to a PWM signal among a plurality of switches included in an inverter (172) to an OFF state if the duty ratio of the PWM signal is less than or equal to a minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • At least one processor (130) can control the first switch (401) corresponding to the first phase (a) to the OFF state.
  • At least one processor (130) can control the second switch (402) corresponding to the second phase (b) to the OFF state.
  • At least one processor (130) can control the third switch (403) corresponding to the third phase (c) to the OFF state.
  • At least one processor (130) can obtain a target time in which the duty ratio of the PWM signal is less than or equal to the minimum duty ratio (d_min), and control the switch to be in the OFF state during the target time.
  • At least one processor (130) can identify whether the duty ratio of the PWM signal is less than or equal to the minimum duty ratio (d_min). At least one processor (130) can determine a time when the duty ratio of the PWM signal is less than or equal to the minimum duty ratio (d_min) as a target time. At least one processor (130) can control a switch corresponding to the PWM signal to an OFF state during the target time.
  • At least one processor (130) can obtain a target time (ta12) in which the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Van) for the first phase (a) is less than or equal to the minimum duty ratio (d_min). At least one processor (130) can control the first switch (401) to be OFF during the target time (ta12).
  • At least one processor (130) can obtain a target time (tb12) in which the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vbn) for the second phase (b) is less than or equal to the minimum duty ratio (d_min). At least one processor (130) can control the second switch (402) to be OFF during the target time (tb12).
  • At least one processor (130) can obtain a target time (tc12) in which the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vcn) for the third phase (c) is less than or equal to the minimum duty ratio (d_min). At least one processor (130) can control the third switch (403) to be OFF during the target time (tc12).
  • At least one processor (130) can identify a first time point (ta1) at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal becomes the minimum duty ratio (d_min) while the duty ratio of the PWM signal is greater than the minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • At least one processor (130) can identify a second time point (ta2) at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal becomes the minimum duty ratio (d_min) while the duty ratio of the PWM signal is less than the minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • At least one processor (130) can control the switch to be OFF during a target time representing a first time point (ta1) to a second time point (ta2).
  • At least one processor (130) can change a switch from an ON state to an OFF state at a first time point (ta1).
  • At least one processor (130) can keep the switch in an OFF state from a first time point (ta1) to a second time point (ta2).
  • At least one processor (130) can change the switch from an OFF state to an ON state at a second time point (ta2).
  • the second time point (ta2) may be a time point after the first time point (ta1).
  • At least one processor (130) can obtain the maximum duty ratio (d_max) by subtracting the minimum duty ratio (d_min) from the duty ratio of 100%.
  • the maximum duty ratio (d_max) may be a value used to limit the duty ratio of the PWM signal to the maximum. At least one processor (130) may not generate a PWM signal greater than the maximum duty ratio (d_max). An operation using the maximum duty ratio (d_max) may not be essential. In order not to provide a PWM signal with a duty ratio greater than the maximum duty ratio (d_max), at least one processor (130) may identify whether the duty ratio of the PWM signal is greater than the maximum duty ratio (d_max).
  • At least one processor (130) can determine (or identify) the value obtained by subtracting the minimum duty ratio (d_min) from the duty ratio of 100% as the minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • At least one processor (130) can continuously control a switch corresponding to a PWM signal to be in an ON state for a time period in which the duty ratio of the PWM signal is greater than or equal to the maximum duty ratio (d_max).
  • At least one processor (130) can obtain (or identify) a target time identified using a minimum duty cycle (d_min) as a first target time.
  • the first target time can be described as a first type of target time.
  • At least one processor (130) can obtain (or identify) the identified target time using the maximum duty ratio (d_max) as a second target time.
  • the second target time can be described as a second type of target time.
  • At least one processor (130) can obtain a second target time during which the duty ratio of the PWM signal is predicted (or identified) to be greater than the maximum duty ratio (d_max). At least one processor (130) can control the switch to be in an ON state during the second target time.
  • At least one processor (130) can identify a third time point (ta3) at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal becomes the maximum duty ratio (d_max) while the duty ratio of the PWM signal is less than the maximum duty ratio (d_max).
  • At least one processor (130) can identify a fourth time point (ta4) at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal becomes the maximum duty ratio (d_max) while the duty ratio of the PWM signal is greater than the maximum duty ratio (d_max).
  • At least one processor (130) can control the switch to be in an ON state during a second target time period representing a third time point (ta3) to a fourth time point (ta4).
  • the fourth time point (ta4) may be a time point after the third time point (ta3).
  • the inverter (172) may be a three-phase inverter (172). A description of the three-phase inverter (172) is given in FIGS. 4 to 9.
  • the plurality of switches may include a first switch (401), a second switch (402), a third switch (403), a fourth switch (404), a fifth switch (405), and a sixth switch (406).
  • At least one processor (130) can provide a first PWM signal corresponding to the first phase (a) based on the first switch (401) and the fourth switch (404).
  • At least one processor (130) can provide a second PWM signal corresponding to the second phase (b) based on the second switch (402) and the fifth switch (405).
  • At least one processor (130) can provide a third PWM signal corresponding to the third phase (c) based on the third switch (403) and the sixth switch (406).
  • the first group of switches corresponding to the first phase (a) may include a first switch (401) and a fourth switch (404).
  • the on/off state of the first switch (401) and the on/off state of the fourth switch (404) may be opposite.
  • the second group of switches corresponding to the second phase (b) may include a second switch (402) and a fifth switch (405).
  • the on/off state of the second switch (402) and the on/off state of the fifth switch (405) may be opposite.
  • the third group of switches corresponding to the third phase (c) may include a third switch (403) and a sixth switch (406).
  • the on/off state of the third switch (403) and the on/off state of the sixth switch (406) may be opposite.
  • At least one processor (130) can control the fourth switch (404) to the ON state.
  • at least one processor (130) can control the fourth switch (404) to the OFF state.
  • At least one processor (130) can control the fifth switch (405) to the ON state.
  • at least one processor (130) can control the fifth switch (405) to the OFF state.
  • At least one processor (130) can control the sixth switch (406) to the ON state.
  • at least one processor (130) can control the sixth switch (406) to the OFF state.
  • the inverter (172) may be a three-phase inverter using three DPWM (Discontinuous DPWM) signals spaced 120 degrees apart.
  • DPWM Continuous DPWM
  • At least one processor (130) may keep two switches OFF simultaneously during some periods.
  • At least one processor (130) can control the first switch (401) and the third switch (403) to be OFF from time point (ta1) to time point (tc2).
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating a specific configuration of the electronic device of FIG. 2, according to one embodiment.
  • the electronic device (100) may include at least one of a display (110), a communication interface (120), a processor (130), a memory (140), a user interface (150), a speaker (160), a driving unit (170), a detergent supply unit (181), a water supply unit (182), or a drain unit (183).
  • the display (110) may be implemented as various types of displays, such as an LCD (Liquid Crystal Display), an OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diodes) display, and a PDP (Plasma Display Panel).
  • the display (110) may also include a driving circuit, a backlight unit, and the like, which may be implemented as types, such as an a-si TFT (amorphous silicon thin film transistor), an LTPS (low temperature poly silicon) TFT, and an OTFT (organic TFT).
  • the display (110) may be implemented as a touch screen combined with a touch sensor, a flexible display, a three-dimensional display (3D display, three-dimensional dispaly), and the like.
  • the display (110) may include not only a display panel that outputs an image, but also a bezel that houses the display panel.
  • the bezel may include a touch sensor for detecting user interaction.
  • the communication interface (120) is a configuration that performs communication with various types of external devices according to various types of communication methods.
  • the communication interface (120) may include a wireless communication module or a wired communication module.
  • Each communication module may be implemented in the form of at least one hardware chip.
  • the wireless communication module may be a module that communicates wirelessly with an external device.
  • the wireless communication module may include at least one of a Wi-Fi module, a Bluetooth module, an infrared communication module, or other communication modules.
  • the Wi-Fi module and Bluetooth module can communicate in the Wi-Fi and Bluetooth modes, respectively.
  • various connection information such as the SSID (service set identifier) and session key are first sent and received, and then communication is established using this, and various information can be sent and received.
  • SSID service set identifier
  • Infrared communication modules perform communication based on infrared communication (IrDA, infrared Data Association) technology, which transmits data wirelessly over short distances using infrared light, which is between visible light and millimeter waves.
  • IrDA infrared Data Association
  • the wired communication module may be a module that communicates with an external device via a wire.
  • the wired communication module may include at least one of a Local Area Network (LAN) module, an Ethernet module, a pair cable, a coaxial cable, a fiber optic cable, or an Ultra Wide-Band (UWB) module.
  • LAN Local Area Network
  • Ethernet Ethernet
  • UWB Ultra Wide-Band
  • the communication interface (120) may utilize the same communication module (e.g., a Wi-Fi module) to communicate with an external device such as a remote control device and an external server.
  • a Wi-Fi module e.g., a Wi-Fi module
  • the communication interface (120) may utilize different communication modules to communicate with external devices such as a remote control device and an external server.
  • the communication interface (120) may utilize at least one of an Ethernet module or a Wi-Fi module to communicate with an external server, and may utilize a Bluetooth module to communicate with an external device such as a remote control device.
  • At least one processor (130) may be implemented as a digital signal processor (DSP), a microprocessor, or a time controller (TCON) that processes digital signals.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • TCON time controller
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and may include one or more of a central processing unit (CPU), a micro controller unit (MCU), a micro processing unit (MPU), a controller, an application processor (AP), a graphics-processing unit (GPU), a communication processor (CP), or an advanced reduced instruction set computer (RISC) machines (ARM) processors, or may be defined by the relevant terms.
  • CPU central processing unit
  • MCU micro controller unit
  • MPU micro processing unit
  • AP application processor
  • GPU graphics-processing unit
  • CP communication processor
  • RISC advanced reduced instruction set computer
  • ARM advanced reduced instruction set computer
  • At least one processor (130) may be implemented as a system on chip (SoC) having a processing algorithm built-in, a large scale integration (LSI), or may be implemented in the form of a field programmable gate array (FPGA). At least one processor (130) may perform various functions by executing computer executable instructions stored in a memory.
  • SoC system on chip
  • LSI large scale integration
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • the memory (140) may be implemented as an internal memory such as a ROM (for example, an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)), a RAM, etc. included in at least one processor (120), or may be implemented as a separate memory from at least one processor (120).
  • the memory (140) may be implemented as a memory embedded in the electronic device (100) or as a memory that can be attached or detached from the electronic device (100) depending on the purpose of data storage. For example, data for operating the electronic device (100) may be stored in a memory embedded in the electronic device (100), and data for expanding functions of the electronic device (100) may be stored in a memory that can be attached or detached from the electronic device (100).
  • memory embedded in the electronic device (100) it may be implemented as at least one of volatile memory (e.g., dynamic RAM (DRAM), static RAM (SRAM), or synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM)), non-volatile memory (e.g., one time programmable ROM (OTPROM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable and programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically erasable and programmable ROM (EEPROM), mask ROM, flash ROM, flash memory (e.g., NAND flash or NOR flash), a hard drive, or a solid state drive (SSD)), and in the case of memory that can be detachably attached to the electronic device (100), it may be implemented in the form of a memory card (e.g., compact flash (CF), secure digital (SD), micro secure digital (Micro-SD), mini secure digital (Mini-SD), extreme digital (xD), multi-media card (MMC)), external memory that can be connected to a USB port (e.g.,
  • the memory (140) can store at least one instruction. Based on the instruction stored in the memory (140), at least one processor (120) can perform various operations.
  • the operation interface (150) may be implemented as a device such as a button, a touch pad, a mouse, and a keyboard, or may be implemented as a touch screen capable of performing the display function and operation input function described above.
  • the button may be a mechanical button, a touch pad, a wheel, or various other types of buttons formed on any area of the front, side, or back of the main body of the electronic device (100).
  • the speaker (160) may be a component that outputs various audio data processed in the input/output interface as well as various notification sounds or voice messages.
  • the driving unit (170) may include a driving motor.
  • the driving unit (170) rotates the drum containing laundry.
  • the driving unit (170) may drive the driving motor to rotate the drum containing laundry.
  • the driving motor of the driving unit (170) receives power and generates driving force, and the driving unit (170) may transmit the generated driving force to the pulsator alone or simultaneously to the drum and the pulsator.
  • the driving unit (170) may receive a driving control signal generated by the processor (130) and drive the detergent supply unit (181) so that the detergent contained in the detergent supply unit (181) is supplied to the drum containing laundry.
  • the driving unit (170) can receive a driving control signal generated by the processor (130) to drive the water supply unit (182) to supply washing water into the drum or drive the drain unit (183) to discharge washing water contained in the drum out of the electronic device (100).
  • the detergent supply unit (181) can supply detergent stored in the detergent storage unit to the drum containing laundry according to the driving of the driving unit (170).
  • the detergent supply unit (181) can be connected to a detergent pipe. When the water supply valve of the water supply unit (182) is opened and water is supplied to the water supply pipe, the detergent supplied from the detergent supply unit (181) can be mixed in the water and dissolved. Then, the water mixed with the dissolved detergent can be supplied to the drum containing laundry through the water supply pipe.
  • the water supply unit (182) may include a water supply pipe connected to an external water source and a water supply valve for opening and closing the water supply pipe. When the water supply valve is opened, water can be supplied from the external water source through the water supply pipe.
  • the drainage unit (183) may include a pump, a first drain pipe, and a second drain pipe.
  • the pump may suck water from the drum.
  • One end of the first drain pipe may be connected to the bottom of the drum, and the other end may be connected to the pump to move water from the drum to the pump.
  • One end of the second drain pipe may be connected to the pump, and the other end may extend to the outside of the main body of the electronic device (100) to allow water from the drum to be discharged to the outside. Accordingly, when the pump operates, water from the drum may be discharged to the outside of the electronic device (100) through the first drain pipe and the second drain pipe.
  • the electronic device (100) may additionally include a drying unit.
  • the drying unit may include a heater and a blower fan.
  • the drying unit may apply heat to the drum at a predefined temperature using the heater and the blower fan and dry the laundry.
  • the drying unit is not an essential component of the electronic device (100), and depending on the implementation example, the drying unit may not be included in the electronic device (100).
  • the electronic device (100) may include a microphone.
  • the microphone is a configuration for receiving a user's voice or other sounds and converting them into audio data.
  • the microphone may receive the user's voice in an activated state.
  • the microphone may be formed integrally on the upper side, the front side, the side side, etc. of the electronic device (100).
  • the microphone may include various configurations such as a microphone for collecting an analog user's voice, an amplifier circuit for amplifying the collected user's voice, an A/D conversion circuit for sampling the amplified user's voice and converting it into a digital signal, and a filter circuit for removing a noise component from the converted digital signal.
  • the electronic device (100) may include a camera.
  • the camera is a configuration for capturing a subject to generate a captured image, and the captured image is a concept that includes both a moving image and a still image.
  • the camera can acquire an image for at least one external device, and may be implemented as a camera, a lens, an infrared sensor, etc.
  • the camera may include a lens and an image sensor.
  • the types of lenses include general-purpose lenses, wide-angle lenses, zoom lenses, etc., and may be determined according to the type, characteristics, and usage environment of the electronic device (100).
  • the image sensor may include a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) and a charge coupled device (CCD).
  • CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor
  • CCD charge coupled device
  • the inverter (172) can control each phase of the three-phase power supply using one upper switch and one lower switch.
  • the inverter (172) can supply power for each phase to the motor (173).
  • the inverter (172) can supply three-phase power to the motor (173) using six switches (401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406).
  • the motor (173) can be a PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor).
  • the PMSM can be a motor that uses AC power that is controlled based on a magnetic field generated using a permanent magnet.
  • the carrier wave (510) may be described as a carrier signal, a carrier wave, a carrier signal, a first type wave, etc.
  • the carrier wave (510) may be a triangular carrier wave.
  • the reference wave (520) may be described as a reference signal, a reference wave, a reference signal, a reference wave, a reference signal, a second type of wave, etc.
  • the reference wave (520) may be a waveform used to generate a PWM signal that matches the output desired by the user.
  • the reference wave (520) may be an input signal.
  • the PWM control unit (131) can generate a PWM signal by comparing the size of the carrier wave (510) and the size of the reference wave (510).
  • the PWM control unit (131) can generate a PWM signal so that the size becomes 1 (or high) when the size of the reference wave (520) is greater than or equal to the size of the carrier wave (510).
  • the size of the PWM signal can be defined between 0 and 1.
  • the PWM control unit (131) can generate a PWM signal so that the size of the reference wave (520) becomes 0 (or low) when the size of the carrier wave (510) is smaller.
  • the inverter (172) may include a DC power supply and a plurality of switches (401, 402, 403, 404, 405, 406).
  • One end (i0) of the DC power supply can be connected to one end (i1) of the first switch (401), one end (i2) of the second switch (402), and one end (i3) of the third switch (403) via the node (n1).
  • the other terminal (o0) of the DC power supply can be connected to the other terminal (o4) of the fourth switch (404), the other terminal (o5) of the fifth switch (405), and the other terminal (o6) of the sixth switch (406) via the node (n2).
  • the first phase of the motor (173) can be connected to the other end (o1) of the first switch (401) and one end (i4) of the fourth switch (404) via the node (a).
  • the second phase of the motor (173) can be connected to the other end (o2) of the second switch (402) and one end (i5) of the fifth switch (405) via the node (b).
  • the third phase of the motor (173) can be connected to the other end (o3) of the third switch (403) and one end (i6) of the sixth switch (406) via the node (c).
  • Controlling the switch to an on state may include controlling the switch to a shorted state.
  • Controlling the switch to an off state may include controlling the switch to an open state.
  • the first switch (401) and the fourth switch (404) can be classified into the first group connected to the first phase of the motor (173).
  • the electronic device (100) can control the second switch (402) to the ON state when transmitting a HIGH (or 1) signal of PWM to the second phase of the motor (173).
  • the electronic device (100) can control the fifth switch (405) to the OFF state when transmitting a LOW (or 0) signal of PWM to the first phase of the motor (173).
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a DPWM (Discontinuous Pulse Width Modulation) control operation according to one embodiment.
  • DPWM Dynamic Pulse Width Modulation
  • the embodiment (810) of Fig. 8 can represent a process of determining the size of a PWM signal using a space vector.
  • the PWM control unit (131) can determine vectors (V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6) at 60-degree intervals based on V0.
  • the PWM control unit (131) can generate a PWM signal corresponding to the space vector using V0 to V6.
  • the PWM control unit (131) can control a PWM signal supplied to three phases using the space vector.
  • the PWM control unit (131) can determine the pulse width of the PWM signal supplied to three phases according to each vector.
  • the embodiment (820) of Fig. 8 can represent a PWM signal supplied to three phases using a space vector.
  • the first pulse width of the PWM signal supplied to the first phase (a) can be greater than the second pulse width of the PWM signal supplied to the second phase (b).
  • the PWM signal supplied to the third phase (c) can be supplied with a constant size (e.g., -Vdc). According to an implementation example, the size of the PWM signal supplied to the third phase (c) can be 0.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a DPWM control operation according to one embodiment.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining an operation of controlling DPWM without a minimum pulse width limitation according to one embodiment.
  • Embodiment (1010) of Fig. 10 can represent the duty ratio of 120 degree DPWM.
  • Each waveform expressed in embodiment (1010) can represent the waveform of a reference signal in three phases.
  • a smaller duty ratio can mean a smaller supplied voltage.
  • the time point (t1) may be the time point at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Van) for the first phase (a) exceeds 0% and becomes 0%.
  • the time point (t1) may be the time point at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Van) for the first phase (a) decreases and becomes 0%.
  • Time point (t2) may be a time point when the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vbn) for the second phase (b) exceeds 0% and becomes 0%.
  • Time point (t2) may be a time point when the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vbn) for the second phase (b) decreases and becomes 0%.
  • Time point (t3) may be a time point when the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vcn) for the third phase (c) exceeds 0% and becomes 0%.
  • Time point (t3) may be a time point when the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vcn) for the third phase (c) decreases and becomes 0%.
  • the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Van) for the first phase (a) can decrease up to time point (t1).
  • the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Van) at time point (0) can be greater than the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Van) at time point (t1).
  • the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Van) for the first phase (a) can be maintained from time point (t1) to time point (t2).
  • the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Van) for the first phase (a) can be 0% from time point (t1) to time point (t2).
  • the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Van) for the first phase (a) may increase from time point (t2).
  • the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Van) at time point (t2) may be smaller than the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Van) at time point (t3).
  • the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vbn) for the second phase (b) can decrease until time point (t2).
  • the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vbn) at time point (t1) can be greater than the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vbn) at time point (t2).
  • the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vbn) for the second phase (b) can increase from time point (t3).
  • the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vcn) for the third phase (c) can decrease up to time point (t3).
  • the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vcn) at time point (t2) can be greater than the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vcn) at time point (t3).
  • Embodiment (1020) of Fig. 10 can represent PWM signals for each of the three phases corresponding to embodiment (1010).
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram for explaining an operation of identifying a target time according to a minimum pulse width limitation, according to one embodiment.
  • Embodiments (1110, 1120, 1130) of FIG. 11 can represent an operation of obtaining a target time based on a PWM signal for each phase.
  • the electronic device (100) can obtain minimum pulse width information.
  • the minimum pulse width information can include a minimum duty ratio for the minimum pulse width.
  • the electronic device (100) can obtain a minimum duty ratio (d_min) included in the minimum pulse width information.
  • the minimum duty ratio (d_min) can be described as a threshold duty ratio, a first duty ratio, a first threshold duty ratio, etc.
  • the electronic device (100) can identify a time when the PWM signal is less than or equal to the minimum duty ratio (d_min). The time can be described as a time interval, a time domain, etc.
  • the electronic device (100) can identify a target time (ta12) at which the PWM signal (Van) for the first phase (a) becomes less than or equal to the minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • the electronic device (100) can identify the point in time (ta1, ta2) at which the PWM signal (Van) for the first phase (a) reaches the minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • the time point (ta1) may be the start time of the target time (ta12).
  • the time point (ta1) may be the time point at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Van) for the first phase (a) is greater than the minimum duty ratio (d_min) and changes to the minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • the electronic device (100) may identify the time point (ta1) at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Van) for the first phase (a) becomes the minimum duty ratio (d_min) while the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Van) for the first phase (a) decreases.
  • the time point (ta2) may be the end time point of the target time (ta12).
  • the time point (ta2) may be the time point at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Van) for the first phase (a) changes from being less than the minimum duty ratio (d_min) to the minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • the electronic device (100) may identify the time point (ta2) at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Van) for the first phase (a) becomes the minimum duty ratio (d_min) while the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Van) for the first phase (a) increases.
  • the electronic device (100) can identify the time from time point (ta1) to time point (ta2) as the target time (ta12).
  • the electronic device (100) can identify a target time (tb12) at which the PWM signal (Vbn) for the second phase (b) becomes less than or equal to the minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • the electronic device (100) can identify the point in time (tb1, tb2) at which the PWM signal (Vbn) for the second phase (b) reaches the minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • the time point (tb1) may be the start time of the target time (tb12).
  • the time point (tb1) may be the time point at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vbn) for the second phase (b) is greater than the minimum duty ratio (d_min) and changes to the minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • the electronic device (100) may identify the time point (tb1) at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vbn) for the second phase (b) becomes the minimum duty ratio (d_min) while the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vbn) for the second phase (b) decreases.
  • the time point (tb2) may be the end time point of the target time (tb12).
  • the time point (tb2) may be the time point at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vbn) for the second phase (b) changes from being less than the minimum duty ratio (d_min) to the minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • the electronic device (100) may identify the time point (tb2) at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vbn) for the second phase (b) becomes the minimum duty ratio (d_min) while the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vbn) for the second phase (b) increases.
  • the electronic device (100) can identify the time from time (tb1) to time (tb2) as the target time (tb12).
  • the electronic device (100) can identify a target time (tc12) at which the PWM signal (Vcn) for the third phase (c) becomes less than or equal to the minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • the electronic device (100) can identify the time point (tc1, tc2) at which the PWM signal (Vcn) for the third phase (c) reaches the minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • the time point (tc2) may be the end time point of the target time (tc12).
  • the time point (tc2) may be the time point at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vcn) for the third phase (c) changes from being less than the minimum duty ratio (d_min) to the minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • the electronic device (100) may identify the time point (tc2) at which the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vcn) for the third phase (c) becomes the minimum duty ratio (d_min) while the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vcn) for the third phase (c) increases.
  • the electronic device (100) can identify the time from time (tc1) to time (tc2) as the target time (tc12).
  • time point (tc2) is described as being faster than time point (tc1), but this is only described as a one-cycle waveform. In practice, time point (tc2) may be slower than time point (tc1).
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining an operation of controlling DPWM by applying a minimum pulse width limitation according to one embodiment.
  • Embodiment (1210) of Fig. 12 can represent the duty ratio of 120 degree DPWM. In this regard, it can correspond to embodiment (1010) of Fig. 10 and embodiments (1110, 1120, 1130) of Fig. 11. Duplicate explanation is omitted.
  • Embodiment (1210) of Fig. 12 may apply a minimum pulse width limitation.
  • the minimum pulse width limitation may indicate that the minimum duty ratio of the PWM signal is limited so as not to fall within a critical range.
  • the minimum pulse width limitation may be necessary to secure the stability of the circuit. This is because if the pulse width is too small, it is difficult for the switch to operate normally.
  • the electronic device (100) can maintain the duty ratio for the PWM signal at the minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • the minimum pulse width limitation may not limit the duty ratio to 0%.
  • Embodiment (1220) of Fig. 12 can represent PWM signals for each of the three phases corresponding to embodiment (1210).
  • the electronic device (100) can generate a PWM signal with a minimum pulse width limitation applied.
  • the electronic device (100) can maintain the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vbn) for the second phase (b) at 0% from time point (t2) to time point (t3).
  • the electronic device (100) can maintain the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vcn) for the third phase (c) at the minimum duty ratio (d_min) from time point (tc1) to time point (t3).
  • the electronic device (100) can maintain the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vcn) for the third phase (c) at 0% from time point (t3) to time point (t1).
  • the electronic device (100) can maintain the duty ratio of the PWM signal (Vcn) for the third phase (c) at the minimum duty ratio (d_min) from time point (t1) to time point (tc2).
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining an operation of controlling DPWM using minimum pulse width limitation and switching control according to one embodiment.
  • Embodiment (1310) of Fig. 13 can represent a duty ratio of 120 degree DPWM. In this regard, it can correspond to embodiment (1010) of Fig. 10 and embodiments (1110, 1120, 1130) of Fig. 11. Duplicate explanation is omitted.
  • the electronic device (100) can control the switch corresponding to the identified duty ratio to be in the off state if the identified duty ratio is less than or equal to the minimum duty ratio (d_min).
  • the electronic device (100) can control the first switch (S1, 401) corresponding to the first phase (a) to be in the OFF state from the time point (ta1) to the time point (ta2).
  • the electronic device (100) can control the first switch (S1, 401) to be in the OFF state during the target time (ta12).
  • the electronic device (100) can control the second switch (S2, 402) corresponding to the second phase (b) to be in the OFF state from the time point (tb1) to the time point (tb2).
  • the electronic device (100) can control the second switch (S2, 402) to be in the OFF state during the target time (tb12).
  • the electronic device (100) can control the third switch (S3, 403) corresponding to the third phase (c) to be in the OFF state from the time point (tc1) to the time point (tc2).
  • the electronic device (100) can control the third switch (S3, 403) to be in the OFF state during the target time (tc12).
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram for explaining an operation of controlling DPWM using minimum pulse width limitation and switching control according to one embodiment.
  • Embodiment (1410) of Fig. 14 can represent the duty ratio of 120 degree DPWM. In this regard, it can correspond to embodiment (1310) of Fig. 13 and embodiments (1110, 1120, 1130) of Fig. 11. Duplicate explanation is omitted.
  • the embodiment (1410) of Fig. 14 may apply a maximum duty ratio (d_max).
  • the maximum duty ratio (d_max) may be described as a threshold duty ratio, a second duty ratio, a second threshold duty ratio, etc.
  • the electronic device (100) may obtain the maximum duty ratio (d_max) by subtracting the minimum duty ratio (d_min) from the duty ratio of 100%. For example, if the minimum duty ratio (d_min) is 10%, the maximum duty ratio (d_max) may be 90%.
  • the electronic device (100) can control the switch corresponding to the identified duty ratio to be turned on if the identified duty ratio is greater than or equal to the maximum duty ratio (d_max).
  • the electronic device (100) can control the first switch (S1, 401) corresponding to the first phase (a) to be turned on from a time point (ta3) to a time point (ta4).
  • the electronic device (100) can control the first switch (S1, 401) corresponding to the first phase (a) to be turned on from a time point (ta5) to a time point (ta6).
  • the electronic device (100) can control the first switch (S1, 401) to be turned on during a target time (ta34) and a target time (ta56).
  • the electronic device (100) can control the second switch (S2, 402) corresponding to the second phase (b) to be turned on from the time point (tb3) to the time point (tb4).
  • the electronic device (100) can control the second switch (S2, 402) corresponding to the second phase (b) to be turned on from the time point (tb5) to the time point (tb6).
  • the electronic device (100) can control the second switch (S2, 402) to be turned on during the target time (tb34) and the target time (tb56).
  • the electronic device (100) can control the third switch (S3, 403) corresponding to the third phase (c) to be turned on from the time point (tc3) to the time point (tc4).
  • the electronic device (100) can control the second switch (S2, 402) corresponding to the third phase (c) to be turned on from the time point (tc5) to the time point (tc6).
  • the electronic device (100) can control the third switch (S3, 403) to be turned on during the target time (tc34) and the target time (tc56).
  • FIG. 15 is a drawing for explaining an operation of controlling a switch using a minimum duty ratio according to one embodiment.
  • the electronic device (100) can obtain the PWM duty ratio of the PWM signal supplied to the motor (173) (S1510).
  • the PWM duty ratio can be described as duty ratio.
  • the electronic device (100) can receive minimum pulse width information.
  • the electronic device (100) can obtain a minimum duty ratio based on the minimum pulse width information (S1520).
  • the electronic device (100) can obtain a target time at which a PWM duty ratio is output below a minimum duty ratio (S1530).
  • the electronic device (100) can analyze the PWM duty ratio and identify the duty ratio in real time.
  • the electronic device (100) can compare the identified PWM duty ratio with the minimum duty ratio.
  • the electronic device (100) can determine the time at which the PWM duty ratio is below the minimum duty ratio as the target time.
  • the electronic device (100) can control the switch based on the target time (S1540).
  • the operation of controlling the switch can include an operation of controlling the switch to an OFF state during the target time.
  • FIG. 16 is a drawing for explaining an operation of controlling a switch using a minimum duty ratio according to one embodiment.
  • Steps S1610, S1620, S1630, and S1640 of Fig. 16 may correspond to steps S1510, S1520, S1530, and S1540 of Fig. 15. Duplicate description is omitted.
  • the electronic device (100) can obtain minimum pulse width information (S1605).
  • the electronic device (100) can generate a PWM signal by maintaining the minimum pulse width.
  • the electronic device (100) can use the minimum pulse width information.
  • the minimum pulse width information can be changed according to user settings, etc.
  • the electronic device (100) can obtain a PWM duty ratio corresponding to the first phase (S1610).
  • the electronic device (100) can obtain the minimum duty ratio (d_min) based on the minimum pulse width information (S1620).
  • the electronic device (100) can identify the first target time (ta12) in which the PWM duty ratio of the first phase is less than or equal to the minimum duty ratio (d_min) (S1630).
  • the electronic device (100) can obtain the PWM duty ratio of the first phase in real time.
  • the electronic device (100) can identify the time in which the PWM duty ratio of the first phase is less than or equal to the minimum duty ratio (d_min) as the target time (ta12). There can be a plurality of target times.
  • the electronic device (100) can change the second switch (402) corresponding to the second phase from the OFF state to the ON state at the 10th time point (tb4).
  • the electronic device (100) can change the fifth switch (405) corresponding to the second phase from the ON state to the OFF state at the 10th time point (tb4).
  • the electronic device (100) can identify the 12th point in time (tc4) at which the PWM duty ratio of the third phase changes to the maximum duty ratio (d_max) while the PWM duty ratio of the third phase is greater than the maximum duty ratio (d_max).
  • the electronic device (100) can change the third switch (403) corresponding to the third phase from the ON state to the OFF state at the 11th time point (tc3).
  • the electronic device (100) can change the sixth switch (406) corresponding to the third phase from the OFF state to the ON state at the 11th time point (tc3).
  • the electronic device (100) can keep the third switch (403) corresponding to the third phase in the OFF state from the 11th time point (tc3) to the 12th time point (tc4).
  • the electronic device (100) can keep the sixth switch (406) corresponding to the third phase in the ON state from the 11th time point (tc3) to the 12th time point (tc4).
  • the control method may include a step of obtaining a maximum duty ratio by subtracting a minimum duty ratio from a duty ratio of 100%, and a step of controlling a switch corresponding to the PWM signal to an ON state if the duty ratio of the PWM signal is greater than or equal to the maximum duty ratio.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

Le présent dispositif électronique comprend : une mémoire permettant de stocker un rapport cyclique minimal ; un onduleur permettant de convertir une source d'alimentation en courant continu en une source d'alimentation en courant alternatif ; un moteur ; et au moins un processeur permettant de transmettre la source d'alimentation en courant alternatif convertie à un moteur, le ou les processeurs identifiant un rapport cyclique d'un signal de modulation de largeur d'impulsion (PWM) afin de commander l'onduleur, et, lorsque le rapport cyclique du signal PWM est inférieur ou égal au rapport cyclique minimal, commande, pour être dans un état éteint, un commutateur correspondant au signal PWM parmi une pluralité de commutateurs inclus dans l'onduleur.
PCT/KR2024/019976 2023-12-21 2024-12-06 Dispositif d'électrode et son procédé de commande Pending WO2025135642A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2023-0188318 2023-12-21
KR1020230188318A KR20250097237A (ko) 2023-12-21 2023-12-21 전자 장치 및 그 제어 방법

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2025135642A1 true WO2025135642A1 (fr) 2025-06-26

Family

ID=96137534

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/KR2024/019976 Pending WO2025135642A1 (fr) 2023-12-21 2024-12-06 Dispositif d'électrode et son procédé de commande

Country Status (2)

Country Link
KR (1) KR20250097237A (fr)
WO (1) WO2025135642A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080136389A1 (en) * 2006-12-12 2008-06-12 Rohm Co., Ltd. Control circuit for switching regulator
JP2010239814A (ja) * 2009-03-31 2010-10-21 Mitsuba Corp モータ制御装置
KR101825451B1 (ko) * 2016-07-28 2018-02-05 엘지전자 주식회사 인버터 제어장치
EP2963799B1 (fr) * 2014-07-03 2019-09-25 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Procédés et appareil de commande d'un système de conversion de puissance afin de réguler la température de jonction igbt à faible vitesse
KR20200055575A (ko) * 2018-11-13 2020-05-21 엘지전자 주식회사 모터 구동장치 및 이를 구비하는 홈 어플라이언스

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080136389A1 (en) * 2006-12-12 2008-06-12 Rohm Co., Ltd. Control circuit for switching regulator
JP2010239814A (ja) * 2009-03-31 2010-10-21 Mitsuba Corp モータ制御装置
EP2963799B1 (fr) * 2014-07-03 2019-09-25 Rockwell Automation Technologies, Inc. Procédés et appareil de commande d'un système de conversion de puissance afin de réguler la température de jonction igbt à faible vitesse
KR101825451B1 (ko) * 2016-07-28 2018-02-05 엘지전자 주식회사 인버터 제어장치
KR20200055575A (ko) * 2018-11-13 2020-05-21 엘지전자 주식회사 모터 구동장치 및 이를 구비하는 홈 어플라이언스

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20250097237A (ko) 2025-06-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
WO2019160392A1 (fr) Appareil de traitement de vêtements et son procédé de commande
WO2021020816A1 (fr) Lave-linge et son procédé de commande
WO2021137417A1 (fr) Dispositif de traitement de vêtements et son procédé de commande
WO2018135845A1 (fr) Séchoir et son procédé de commande
WO2022014890A1 (fr) Machine à laver et son procédé de commande
WO2018199433A1 (fr) Machine à laver et son procédé de commande
WO2023163329A1 (fr) Lave-linge et procédé de commande de lave-linge
WO2025135642A1 (fr) Dispositif d'électrode et son procédé de commande
WO2024034795A1 (fr) Dispositif de filtration et appareil de traitement de vêtements doté d'un dispositif de filtration
WO2024034793A1 (fr) Appareil de filtration et appareil de traitement de vêtements le comprenant
WO2022244962A1 (fr) Machine à laver et son procédé de commande
WO2023177052A1 (fr) Machine à laver et procédé de commande de machine à laver
WO2025063494A1 (fr) Machine de séchage et procédé de commande de celle-ci
WO2021201509A1 (fr) Lave-linge, procédé de commande s'y rapportant et panneau de commande s'y rapportant
WO2025121626A1 (fr) Séchoir et procédé de commande de séchoir
WO2024019267A1 (fr) Lave-linge et procédé de commande de lave-linge
WO2025079903A1 (fr) Machine à laver et procédé de commande de celle-ci
WO2025164961A1 (fr) Machine à laver et procédé de commande associé
WO2025080017A1 (fr) Machine à laver
WO2024111800A1 (fr) Système de traitement de vêtements et son procédé de commande
WO2025127389A1 (fr) Module de filtre, appareil de filtre, et appareil de traitement de vêtements
WO2025178216A1 (fr) Séchoir et procédé de commande de séchoir
WO2024014675A1 (fr) Machine à laver et son procédé de commande
WO2024262777A1 (fr) Appareil de filtre et procédé de commande d'appareil de filtre
WO2024262746A2 (fr) Appareil de traitement de vêtements

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 24907926

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1