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WO2025133636A1 - Consommable pour une formulation aérosolisable - Google Patents

Consommable pour une formulation aérosolisable Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025133636A1
WO2025133636A1 PCT/GB2024/053194 GB2024053194W WO2025133636A1 WO 2025133636 A1 WO2025133636 A1 WO 2025133636A1 GB 2024053194 W GB2024053194 W GB 2024053194W WO 2025133636 A1 WO2025133636 A1 WO 2025133636A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
consumable
aliphatic
alkyl
substituted
ethyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/GB2024/053194
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English (en)
Inventor
Theresa O'DONNELL
Nicole EAST
Kelly O'ROURKE
Andrew Allan Burton
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Nicoventures Trading Ltd
Original Assignee
Nicoventures Trading Ltd
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Filing date
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Publication of WO2025133636A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025133636A1/fr
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/16—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/167—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes of tobacco substitutes in liquid or vaporisable form, e.g. liquid compositions for electronic cigarettes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B13/00—Tobacco for pipes, for cigars, e.g. cigar inserts, or for cigarettes; Chewing tobacco; Snuff
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
    • A24B15/281—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances the action of the chemical substances being delayed
    • A24B15/283—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances the action of the chemical substances being delayed by encapsulation of the chemical substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B15/00—Chemical features or treatment of tobacco; Tobacco substitutes, e.g. in liquid form
    • A24B15/18—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
    • A24B15/28—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances
    • A24B15/30—Treatment of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes by chemical substances by organic substances
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24D—CIGARS; CIGARETTES; TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS; MOUTHPIECES FOR CIGARS OR CIGARETTES; MANUFACTURE OF TOBACCO SMOKE FILTERS OR MOUTHPIECES
    • A24D1/00—Cigars; Cigarettes
    • A24D1/20—Cigarettes specially adapted for simulated smoking devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24F—SMOKERS' REQUISITES; MATCH BOXES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES
    • A24F40/00—Electrically operated smoking devices; Component parts thereof; Manufacture thereof; Maintenance or testing thereof; Charging means specially adapted therefor
    • A24F40/10—Devices using liquid inhalable precursors

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a consumable for an aerosolisable or vaporisable formulation, in particular an aerosolisable formulation suitable for use with an electronic aerosol provision system such as an e-cigarette. Also provided is a substance delivery system comprising the consumable. The present disclosure also relates to the use of said consumable, containers comprising the formulation, and processes of generating an aerosol or vapour using the formulation.
  • Devices have been developed which allow a user to replicate parts of the smoking experience without having to use conventional cigarettes.
  • devices such as e- cigarettes have been developed which allow a user to generate an artificial aerosol which can then be inhaled to replicate the smoking experience.
  • the aerosol is typically produced by vaporising a liquid which comprises nicotine and an aerosol forming component such as glycerol.
  • the vaporisation occurs via a heater (or other atomization means) which is powered by a power source such as a battery.
  • e-cigarettes and tobacco heating devices may be referred to as aerosol delivery devices or aerosol provision systems.
  • aerosol delivery devices or aerosol provision systems one potential drawback with such devices or systems, in particular with e-cigarettes, is that they may fail to completely replicate the sensorial experience normally associated with smoking a conventional cigarette which users of conventional cigarettes may find less desirable.
  • a consumable for an aerosolisable or vaporisable formulation wherein the consumable comprises less than about 1 wt% of an aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, an aliphatic aldehyde, or a combination thereof; and at least two further compounds selected from substituted pyrroles, substituted furans, substituted furanones, substituted pyridines, substituted pyrazines, rose ketones, acyclic monoterpenoids, and trisulfides, wherein the total amount of the at least two further compounds is less than about 5 wt%.
  • the consumable may comprise an aerosol former material, optionally wherein the aerosol former material is present in an amount of at least about 70 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the consumable may comprise a substrate material, e.g. when intended for use in an aerosol-free delivery system.
  • the substrate material may comprise a carrier material, a porous material, or a combination thereof. Substrate materials are discussed in more detail below.
  • the total weight of the at least two further compounds in the consumable may be about 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable, optionally about 0.001 wt% to about 1 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol may be selected from alkyl phenols, alkoxy phenols, and alkyl alkyoxyphenols, such as 4-propylphenol, 3-ethylphenol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol.
  • the aliphatic aldehyde may be an alkyl aldehyde, such as 3- methylbutanal.
  • the at least two further compounds may be selected from aromatic substituted pyrroles, thiol substituted furans, hydroxyl-substituted furanones, aliphatic substituted pyridines, aliphatic substituted pyrazines, damascenes, damascenones, hydroxyl-containing acyclic monoterpenoids, and alkyl trisulfides, such as indole, 2-furfurylthiol, sotolone, 2,4- dimethylpyridine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, furaneol, beta-damascone, geraniol, and dimethyl trisulphide.
  • the at least two further compounds may be selected from indole, 2-furfurylthiol, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, furaneol, sotolone, and 2,4-dimethylpyridine, optionally wherein the consumable further comprises the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenols, such as 4-propylphenol, 3-ethylphenol, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, or a combination thereof.
  • the consumable may comprise the aliphatic phenol, such as 4- propylphenol, the aliphatic alkoxy phenol, such as 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, and the at least two further compounds may be selected from indole, 2-furfurfylthiol, sotolone, 2,- dimethylpyridine, and 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, such as wherein the at least two further compounds may be indole, and 2-furfurylthiol, sotolone, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, or 2-ethyl,3-5- dimethylpyrazine.
  • the aliphatic phenol such as 4- propylphenol
  • the aliphatic alkoxy phenol such as 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol
  • the at least two further compounds may be selected from indole, 2-furfurfylthiol, sotolone, 2,- dimethylpyridine, and 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyra
  • the consumable may comprise the aliphatic phenol such as 3- ethylphenol
  • the at least two further compounds may be selected from 2-furfurylthiol, sotolone, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, furaneol, and beta-damascone, such as wherein the at least two further compounds include sotolone, and a compound selected from 2-furfurylthiol, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, furaneol, or a combination thereof.
  • the at least two further compounds may, for instance, comprise: furaneol,
  • the consumable may comprise the aliphatic phenol, such as 3- ethylphenol, and the at least two further compounds may be selected from 2-furfurylthiol, 2,4- dimethylpyridine, and beta-damascone.
  • the consumable may comprise an alkoxyphenol, such as 2,6-dimethoxphenol, and the at least two further compounds may be selected from 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, dimethyl trisulphide, and geraniol, such as wherein the at least two further compounds are 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine and geraniol, optionally further comprising dimethyl trisulphide
  • the consumable may comprise the aliphatic aldehyde, such as
  • the at least two further compounds are selected from 2,4- dimethylpyridine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2-furfurylthiol, and furaneol, such as wherein the at least two further compounds are furaneol and 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, optionally further comprising 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 2-furfurylthiol, or a combination thereof.
  • an aerosolisable formulation for an aerosol provision system comprising the consumable as defined herein, a carrier or a binder, and optionally nicotine, such as wherein the carrier is present at about 50 wt% or more, based on the total weight of the formulation, or wherein the binder is present and the binder comprises one or more gelling agent(s).
  • the aerosolisable formulation may further include a botanical material.
  • a vaporisable formulation for a vapour provision system comprising the consumable as defined herein and a substrate material as defined herein.
  • an article comprising the consumable as defined herein.
  • the article may be a container or a package, which may be a pouched oral product comprising a saliva permeable pouch.
  • an article comprising the aerosolisable or vaporisable formulation as defined herein.
  • an aerosol provision system comprising an aerosol provision device and an aerosolisable formulation as defined herein.
  • an aerosol provision system comprising an aerosol provision device and an article comprising an aerosolisable formulation as defined herein.
  • the aerosol provision system may be noncombustible as defined herein.
  • a substance delivery system comprising the consumable or the article (e.g. container or package) as defined herein.
  • the system may be non-combustible aerosol provision system as defined herein or an aerosol-free delivery system.
  • the aerosol-free delivery system may be a pouched oral product as defined above or a vapour provision system comprising a vapour provision device and a vaporisable formulation as defined herein.
  • a vapour provision system comprising a vapour provision device and an article comprising a vaporisable formulation as defined herein.
  • a process for forming an aerosol or a vapour comprising providing the aerosolisable formulation or vaporisable formulation as defined herein and aerosolising or vaporising the formulation.
  • a process for forming an aerosol or a vapour comprising providing the aerosol provision system or vapour provision system as defined herein, and aerosolising or vaporising the formulation and/or consumable in the system.
  • a sealed container containing the article as defined herein, optionally wherein the container is hermetically sealed and is formed from a material which inhibits or prevents the passage of ultraviolet light therethrough.
  • the invention includes any combination of two, three, four, or more of the above-noted embodiments as well as combinations of any two, three, four, or more features or elements set forth in this disclosure, regardless of whether such features or elements are expressly combined in a specific embodiment description herein.
  • This disclosure is intended to be read holistically such that any separable features or elements of the disclosed invention, in any of its various aspects and embodiments, should be viewed as intended to be combinable unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an example aerosol provision system.
  • Figure 2 is a plot from Experimental 2 showing the sensory test results.
  • the term "about” modifying the quantity of an ingredient in the formulation of the invention or employed in the methods of the invention refers to variation in the numerical quantity that can occur, for example, through typical measuring and liquid handling procedures used for making concentrates or use solutions in the real world; through inadvertent error in these procedures; through differences in the manufacture, source, or purity of the ingredients employed to make the formulation, or to carry out the methods; and the like.
  • the term “about” also encompasses amounts that differ due to different equilibrium conditions for a formulation or composition resulting from a particular initial mixture. Whether or not modified by the term "about”, the claims include equivalents to the quantities.
  • aerosol provision devices or systems typically allow a user to replicate parts of the smoking experience without having to use conventional combustible tobacco products such as cigarettes.
  • aerosol provision systems are intended to produce an aerosol which can be inhaled by the user to replicate the smoking experience.
  • the aerosol produced by such systems does not, however, completely replicate the sensorial experience typically associated with smoking tobacco.
  • vapour provision devices or systems aimed at replicating parts of the smoking experience such devices or systems are intended to produce a vapour which can be inhaled by a user but similarly, the vapour produced by such systems does not completely replicate the sensorial experience typically associated with smoking tobacco.
  • an “aerosolisable formulation” is a formulation that is capable of generating aerosol, for example when heated, irradiated or energized in any other way.
  • An “aerosolisable formulation”, namely an aerosol-generating formulation may, for example, be in the form of a solid, liquid or semi-solid (such as a gel) which may or may not contain an active substance and/or flavourant(s).
  • the aerosolisable formulation is in the form of a liquid or gel.
  • a “vaporisable formulation” is a formulation that is capable of generating vapour, for example when heated, irradiated or vaporised in any other way including an evaporative process that does not involve the application of heat or irradiation.
  • a “vaporisable formulation”, namely a vapour-generating formulation may, for example, be in the form of a solid, liquid, or semi-solid (such as a gel) which may or may not contain an active substance and/or flavourant(s).
  • the “sensorial gap” between the use of known aerosolisable/vaporisable formulations and smoking combustible tobacco products (e.g. cigarettes) includes the flavour experienced by the consumer.
  • Flavour is the combination of taste, aroma, and chemical sensations, and it has been surprisingly found that the combination of compounds in the present claims is able to modify the flavour of an aerosolisable/vaporisable formulation and thereby reduce this “sensorial gap”. It has also been found that the combination of compounds in the present claims is able to modify the flavour of a pouched oral product comprising a saliva permeable pouch.
  • flavour is delivered primarily via aroma.
  • a tobacco-flavoured formulation e.g. a tobacco flavoured e-liquid or gel
  • the aroma is desirable for the aroma to be tobacco-like and for the aroma to deliver a richness and complexity comparable to smoking a cigarette.
  • the consumable of the present disclosure advantageously delivers a specific aroma that is associated with tobacco. The consumable may therefore be described as simulating the aromatic profile of tobacco and/or having a tobacco-like aroma.
  • the consumable of the present disclosure is able to replicate one or more sensations of smoking a combustible tobacco product. These sensations may include in-smoking experience (e.g. impact) and/or mouthfeel.
  • Body of aerosol and mouthfeel are physical sensations experienced in the oral cavity by the user during and after smoking.
  • Smoke such as cigarette smoke
  • the aftertaste of smoking a cigarette may be described as lingering or indulgent.
  • the aerosolisable formulation as defined herein provides a body of aerosol and mouthfeel which is comparable to smoking a conventional cigarette. Mouthfeel can also include irritation.
  • In-smoking experience includes the desired nicotine sensorials of smoke and the building sensorial sensation puff-by-puff to a level of perceived saturation.
  • Nicotine sensation includes nicotine “hit” (i.e. the physiological response, sometimes referred to as the “buzz”) and impact (i.e. where the user experiences irritation and taste) and is an integral part of the smoking experience.
  • the consumable of the present disclosure improved the sensorial experience of an aerosolisable formulation when used in an aerosol provision device as well as the sensorial experience of a vaporisable formulation when used in a vapour provision device. Furthermore, the levels of the compounds in the consumable can be adjusted in order to tailor the flavour intensity to consumer preference. This is beneficial because it maximises the switching and appeal of an aerosol provision system as an alternative to cigarettes or other combustible tobacco products. It also allows the user to add the consumable to a substrate in a vapour provision system and thereby modulate the vapour generated therefrom, e.g. providing the user with increased control of sensorial experience.
  • the consumable can be combined with a range of flavours and substrates (e.g. e-liquids, binders, carriers and the like).
  • the consumable can, for example, be used with a tobacco flavoured e-liquid or equally with a mint/menthol flavoured e-liquid, or any botanical material, e.g. in the form of a gel.
  • the consumable according to the present disclosure may include at least one further component selected from aerosol-former materials, active substances, substrate materials, or a combination thereof. Typically these components will depend on the substance delivery system in which the consumable is intended to be used.
  • ranges provided herein relate to exemplary amounts of each of the components. Each of these ranges may be taken alone or combined with one or more other component range(s) to provide an embodiment of the invention.
  • a consumable for an aerosolisable or vaporisable formulation i.e. a consumable suitable for use in an aerosolisable or vaporisable formulation.
  • the consumable may be defined as in Claim 1 : the consumable comprises less than about 1 wt% of an aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, an aliphatic aldehyde, or a combination thereof, and at least two further compounds selected from substituted pyrroles, substituted furans, substituted furanones, substituted pyridines, substituted pyrazines, rose ketones, acyclic monoterpenoids, and trisulfides, wherein the total amount of the at least two further compounds is less than about 5 wt%.
  • a consumable for an aerosolisable or vaporisable formulation wherein the consumable comprises (a) 4-propylphenol, 3-ethylphenol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, or 3-methylbutanal, and (b) at least two further compounds selected from indole, 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, 2-furfuryl thiol, beta-damascone, geraniol, and dimethyl trisulphide, wherein the consumable does not include a sweetener.
  • a consumable for an aerosolisable or vaporisable formulation wherein the consumable is in the form of a flavour block and comprises (a) at least about 40 wt% of an aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, an aliphatic aldehyde, or a combination thereof, and (b) 60 wt% or less of at least two further compounds selected from substituted pyrroles, substituted furans, substituted furanones, substituted pyridines, substituted pyrazines, rose ketones, acyclic monoterpenoids, and trisulfides.
  • the sum of (a) and (b) may equal 100 wt% such that the consumable consists of (a) and (b).
  • the consumable may consist essentially of (a) and (b), where the term “consist essentially of” means that the consumable may include one or more further compounds that did not contribute to the tobacco-like aroma of the consumable.
  • the consumables described herein may further be used in a substance delivery system as defined herein.
  • the consumable comprises an aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, or a combination thereof.
  • aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol would be readily understood by the person skilled in the art to mean ‘aliphatic phenol’, ‘alkoxy phenol’ or ‘aliphatic alkoxy phenol’, i.e. phenol compounds with aliphatic and/or alkoxy substituents.
  • the term “aliphatic” has its normal meaning in the art, namely acyclic or cyclic, saturated or unsaturated carbon compounds, excluding aromatic compounds.
  • the aliphatic and/or alkoxyphenol may be selected from acyclic and/or alkoxyphenols, such as alkyl, alkenyl and/or alkoxyphenols.
  • alkyl includes both saturated straight chain and branched alkyl groups which may be substituted (mono- or poly-) or unsubstituted.
  • the alkyl group is a C1.10 alkyl group.
  • the alkyl group is a Ci-s alkyl group.
  • the alkyl group is a Ci-e alkyl group.
  • the alkyl group is a C1.3 alkyl group.
  • the alkyl groups include, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl and hexyl.
  • the alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl.
  • alkenyl includes both unsaturated straight chain and branched alkenyl groups which may be substituted (mono- or poly-) or unsubstituted.
  • the alkenyl group is a C2-10 alkenyl group.
  • the alkenyl group is a C2-8 alkenyl group.
  • the alkenyl group is a C2-6 alkenyl group.
  • the alkenyl group is a C2-3 alkenyl group.
  • the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol may be represented by a compound of formula (I):
  • R1, R 2 , R3, R4 and R 5 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl or an alkoxy group, the alkyl, alkenyl and alkoxy group being selected from C1-C10 alkyls, C1-C10 alkenyls and C1-C10 alkoxy groups, provided that at least one of R1, R 2 , R3, R4 and R 5 is not hydrogen.
  • R1, R 2 , R3, R4 and R 5 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl or an alkoxy group, the alkyl, alkenyl and alkoxy group being selected from Ci-Ce alkyls, Ci-Ce alkenyls and Ci-Ce alkoxy groups, provided that at least one of R1, R 2 , R3, R4 and R 5 is not hydrogen.
  • Ri , R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, or an alkoxy group, the alkyl and alkoxy group being selected from Ci-Ce alkyls and Ci-Ce alkoxy groups, provided that at least one of R1 , R2, R3, R4 and R5 is not hydrogen.
  • the compound of formula (I) has at least one non-hydrogen substituent at the meta- or para- position. In other embodiments, the compound of formula (I) has at least one non-hydrogen substituent at the ortho- or para-position.
  • the aliphatic and/or alkoxyphenol may be selected from alkyl phenols, alkoxyphenols, and alkyl alkoxyphenols, optionally wherein the alkyl groups are C1- C10 alkyls.
  • the aliphatic and/or alkoxyphenol may de selected from alkyl phenols, alkoxyphenols, and alkyl alkoxyphenols, optionally wherein the alkyl groups are Ci- Ce alkyls.
  • the alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl.
  • the alkyl and/or alkoxy groups are at the meta- or para- position.
  • the alkyl and/or alkoxy groups are at the ortho- or para- position.
  • Examples include 4-propylphenol, 3-ethylphenol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol. The chemical structures of these compounds are shown in Annex 1.
  • the consumable includes the aliphatic phenol.
  • the aliphatic phenol may be as defined above, namely an acyclic phenol such as an alkyl or alkenyl phenol.
  • Such a phenol may be represented by formula (I) above, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl or alkenyl, the alkyl and alkenyl groups being selected from C1-C10 alkyls and C1-C10 alkenyls, provided that at least one of R1, R 2 , R3, R4 and R 5 is not hydrogen.
  • the alkyl and alkenyl groups are selected from Ci-Ce alkyls, and Ci-Ce alkenyls, provided that at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 is not hydrogen.
  • the compound of formula (I) has at least one non-hydrogen substituent as defined above at the meta- or para- position. Examples include ethyl and phenyl, such as 4-propylphenol and 3-ethylphenol.
  • the consumable includes the aliphatic alkoxyphenol.
  • the aliphatic alkoxyphenol may be as defined above, namely an acyclic alkoxyphenol, such as an alkyl or alkenyl alkoxyphenol.
  • Such a phenol may be represented by formula (I) above, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl or an alkoxy group, the alkyl, alkenyl and alkoxy group being selected from C1-C10 alkyls, C1-C10 alkenyls and C1-C10 alkoxy groups, provided that at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 is an alkoxy group.
  • R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl or an alkoxy group, the alkyl, alkenyl and alkoxy group being selected from Ci-Ce alkyls, Ci-Ce alkenyls and Ci-Ce alkoxy groups, provided that at least one of R1 , R2, R3, R4 and R5 is an alkoxy group.
  • the compound of formula (I) has at least one nonhydrogen substituent as defined above at the ortho- or para- position. Examples include ethyl and methoxy, such as 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol.
  • the consumable includes the alkoxyphenol.
  • an alkoxyphenol may be represented by formula (I) above, wherein Ri, R 2 , R3, R4 and R5 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl or an alkoxy group, the alkyl, alkenyl and alkoxy group being selected from C1-C10 alkyls, C1-C10 alkenyls and C1-C10 alkoxy groups, provided that at least one of R1 , R 2 , R3, R4 and R 5 is an alkoxy group.
  • R1 , R 2 , R3, R4 and R 5 are each independently hydrogen or an alkoxy group, the alkoxy group being selected from Ci-Ce alkoxy groups, provided that at least one of R1 , R 2 , R 3 , R4 and R 5 is an alkoxy group.
  • the compound of formula (I) has at least one alkoxy group as defined above at the ortho- or para- position. Examples include methoxy, such as 2,6- dimethoxyphenol.
  • the consumable may comprise an aliphatic phenol and an alkoxyphenol, or an aliphatic phenol and an aliphatic alkoxyphenol.
  • the consumable may comprise an aliphatic phenol and an alkoxyphenol, or an aliphatic phenol and an aliphatic alkoxyphenol.
  • 4-propylphenol and 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol may be used in combination, although the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
  • the consumable may include less than about 1 wt% of an aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, an aliphatic aldehyde, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the consumable comprises less than about 1 wt% of the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, or a combination thereof, the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol being as defined above. In some embodiments, the consumable comprises less than about 0.75 wt% of the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the consumable comprises less than about 0.5 wt% of the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, or a combination thereof.
  • the consumable comprises less than about 0.25 wt% of the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, or a combination thereof. All of these wt% are based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol may be as defined above.
  • the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol may be defined by the compound represented by formula (I) and the definitions associated therewith.
  • the lower limit of the aliphatic and/or alkoxyphenol is not limited in the present disclosure. If required, however, it may be 0.001 wt% based on the total weight of the consumable. In some embodiments, the consumable therefore comprises 0.001 wt% to about 1 wt% of the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, or a combination thereof, the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol being as defined above. In some embodiments, the consumable comprises 0.005 wt% to about 1 wt% of the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, or a combination thereof.
  • the consumable comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt% of the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the consumable comprises 0.01 wt% to about 0.75 wt% of the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the consumable comprises 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt% of the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the consumable comprises 0.01 wt% to about 0.25 wt% of the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, or a combination thereof.
  • the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol may be as defined above.
  • the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol may be defined by the compound represented by formula (I) and the definitions associated therewith.
  • the consumable comprises 0.001 wt% to about 1 wt% of the aliphatic phenol and aliphatic alkoxy phenol.
  • the aliphatic phenol may be an alkyl phenol, such as a Ci-Ce alkyl phenol.
  • the aliphatic alkoxy phenol may be an alkyl alkoxyphenol, such as a Ci-Ce alkyl-substituted Ci-Ce alkoxyphenol.
  • the consumable comprises 0.005 wt% to about 1 wt% of the aliphatic phenol and aliphatic alkoxy phenol.
  • the aliphatic phenol may be an alkyl phenol, such as a Ci-Ce alkyl phenol.
  • the aliphatic alkoxy phenol may be an alkyl alkoxyphenol, such as a Ci-Ce alkyl-substituted Ci-Ce alkoxyphenol.
  • the consumable comprises 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt% of the aliphatic phenol.
  • the aliphatic phenol may be an alkyl phenol, such as a Ci-Ce alkyl phenol.
  • the consumable comprises 0.01 wt% to about 0.25 wt% of the aliphatic phenol.
  • the aliphatic phenol may be an alkyl phenol, such as a Ci-Ce alkyl phenol.
  • the consumable comprises 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt% of the alkoxyphenol.
  • the alkoxyphenol may be a Ci-Ce alkoxy phenol.
  • the consumable comprises 0.001 wt% to about 0.25 wt% of the alkoxyphenol.
  • the alkoxyphenol may be a Ci-Ce alkoxy phenol.
  • the consumable of the present disclose may include an aliphatic aldehyde.
  • the term “aliphatic” is defined above.
  • the aliphatic aldehyde may be selected from acyclic aldehydes such as alkyl or alkenyl aldehydes.
  • the alkyl group is a C1.10 alkyl group.
  • the alkyl group is a Ci-s alkyl group.
  • the alkyl group is a Ci-6 alkyl group.
  • the alkyl groups include, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl and hexyl. In some embodiments the alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl.
  • the alkenyl group is a C2-10 alkenyl group. In some embodiments the alkenyl group is a C2-8 alkenyl group. In some embodiments the alkenyl group is a C2-6 alkenyl group.
  • the aliphatic aldehyde may be an alkyl aldehyde, optionally wherein the alkyl group is C1-C10 alkyl. In some embodiments, the aliphatic aldehyde may be selected from alkyl aldehyde, wherein the alkyl group is Ci-Ce alkyl. In some embodiments the alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl and isopropyl. Examples include 3-methylbutanal. The chemical structure of this compound is shown in Annex 1.
  • the aliphatic aldehyde may be combined with the aliphatic, alkoxy and aliphatic alkoxyphenols defined above.
  • the consumable may comprise an aliphatic phenol and an aliphatic aldehyde, or an alkoxyphenol and an aliphatic aldehyde, or an aliphatic aldehyde and an aliphatic alkoxyphenol.
  • the aliphatic aldehyde may be used instead of the phenolic compounds.
  • the consumable may include less than about 1 wt% of an aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, an aliphatic aldehyde, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, the consumable comprises less than about 1 wt% of the aliphatic aldehyde, the aliphatic aldehyde being as defined above. In some embodiments, the consumable comprises less than about 0.75 wt% of the aliphatic aldehyde. In some embodiments, the consumable comprises less than about 0.5 wt% of the aliphatic aldehyde. In some embodiments, the consumable comprises less than about 0.25 wt% of the aliphatic aldehyde.
  • the aliphatic aldehyde may be as defined above.
  • the aliphatic aldehyde may be an alkyl aldehyde, optionally wherein the alkyl group is C1-C10 alkyl.
  • the lower limit of the aliphatic aldehyde is not limited in the present disclosure. If required, however, it may be 0.001 wt% based on the total weight of the consumable. In some embodiments, the consumable therefore comprises 0.001 wt% to about 1 wt% of the aliphatic aldehyde, the aliphatic aldehyde being as defined above. In some embodiments, the consumable comprises 0.005 wt% to about 1 wt% of the aliphatic aldehyde. In some embodiments, the consumable comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt% of the aliphatic aldehyde.
  • the consumable comprises 0.01 wt% to about 0.75 wt% of the aliphatic aldehyde. In some embodiments the consumable comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt% of the aliphatic aldehyde. In some embodiments, the consumable comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 0.25 wt% of the aliphatic aldehyde. All of these wt% are based on the total weight of the consumable. In each of these embodiments, the aliphatic aldehyde may be as defined above. For example, the aliphatic aldehyde may be an alkyl aldehyde, optionally wherein the alkyl group is C1-C10 alkyl.
  • the consumable of the present disclosure includes at least two further compounds.
  • the total amount of these at least two further compounds is less than about 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the at least two further compounds are selected from substituted pyrroles, substituted furans, substituted furanones, substituted pyridines, substituted pyrazines, rose ketones, acyclic monoterpenoids, and trisulfides. Each of these compound classes are discussed further below.
  • substituents of these compounds are not limited in the present disclosure. In some embodiments, however, the substituents may be selected from aromatic (e.g. benzene), aliphatic (e.g. alkyl or alkenyl), sulphur-containing (e.g. thiol), oxygen-containing (e.g. hydroxyl or alkoxy), nitrogen-containing (e.g. amino), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments the substituents may be selected from benzene, alkyl, thiol, hydroxyl, or a combination thereof.
  • aromatic e.g. benzene
  • aliphatic e.g. alkyl or alkenyl
  • sulphur-containing e.g. thiol
  • oxygen-containing e.g. hydroxyl or alkoxy
  • nitrogen-containing e.g. amino
  • the substituents may be aliphatic, aromatic, or a combination thereof.
  • the substituted pyrrole is an aromatic substituted pyrrole; this means that the pyrrole is substituted by at least one aromatic group, i.e. other aliphatic substituents (e.g. alkyl or alkenyl) are not excluded from either the pyrrole ring or aromatic group.
  • the aromatic substituted pyrrole is a Ce-C aromatic substituted pyrrole.
  • the aromatic substituted pyrrole is a C6-C12 aromatic substituted pyrrole.
  • the pyrrole is only substituted by an aromatic group, such as a C6-C12 aromatic group, e.g. benzene.
  • an aromatic group such as a C6-C12 aromatic group, e.g. benzene.
  • An example compound is indole. The chemical structure of indole is shown in Annex 1.
  • the amount of the substituted pyrrole may be less than about 1 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable. In some embodiments, the amount of the substituted pyrrole may be less than about 0.5 wt%. In some embodiments the amount of the substituted pyrrole may be less than about 0.1 wt%. In some embodiments the amount of the substituted pyrrole may be less than about 0.01 wt%. All of these wt% are based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the amount of the substituted pyrrole may be 0.0001 wt% to about 1 wt%. In some embodiments, the amount of the substituted pyrrole may be 0.0001 wt% to about 0.5 wt%. In some embodiments the amount of the substituted pyrrole may be 0.0001 wt% to about 0.1 wt%. All of these wt% are based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the substituents may be aliphatic (e.g. alkyl or alkenyl), oxygen-containing (e.g. hydroxyl or alkoxy), sulphur-containing (e.g. thiol), nitrogen-containing (e.g. amino), or a combination thereof.
  • the substituents include at least one oxygen-containing (e.g. hydroxyl or alkoxy) or sulphur-containing (e.g. thiol) group.
  • the substituents include at least one sulphur-containing, such as thiol, group.
  • the at least one sulphur-containing substituent is a thiol, i.e. R- SH, where R is aliphatic (e.g. alkyl or alkenyl).
  • R is aliphatic
  • the substituted furans are therefore thiol substituted furans, such as aliphatic thiol substituted furans, the aliphatic group being as defined above.
  • thiol substituted furan is meant that the furan includes at least one thiol group.
  • the thiol substituted furan may also be substituted by one or more aliphatic group (e.g. alkyl or alkenyl).
  • the substituted furans are alkyl thiol substituted furans.
  • the alkyl group is a Ci- 10 alkyl group.
  • the alkyl group is a C1.8 alkyl group.
  • the alkyl group is a Ci-e alkyl group.
  • the alkyl groups include, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tertbutyl, pentyl and hexyl.
  • the alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl.
  • the furan may only be substituted by sulphur-containing groups, e.g. thiols.
  • sulphur-containing groups e.g. thiols.
  • An example compound is furfurylthiol, such as 2-furfurylthiol.
  • the chemical structure of 2-furfurylthiol is shown in Annex 1.
  • the amount of the substituted furan may be less than 0.0001 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable. In some embodiments the amount of the substituted furan may be less than 0.00005 wt%. In some embodiments the amount of the substituted furan may be less than 0.00001 wt%. All of these wt% are based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the substituted furan may be present in an amount of 1x1 O' 7 to 1x10- 4 wt%. In some embodiments the substituted furan may be present in an amount of 1x10' 7 to 5x1 O’ 5 wt%. In some embodiments the substituted furan may be present in an amount of 1x10- 7 to 1x10’ 5 wt%. All of these wt% are based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the substituents may be aliphatic (e.g. alkyl or alkenyl), oxygen-containing (e.g. hydroxyl or alkoxy), sulphur-containing (e.g. thiol), nitrogen-containing (e.g. amino), or a combination thereof.
  • the substituents are aliphatic (e.g. alkyl or alkenyl), oxygencontaining (e.g. hydroxyl or alkoxy) or sulphur-containing (e.g. thiol).
  • the substituted furanones may be represented by a compound of formula (II) or formula (III).
  • Ri, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, aliphatic (e.g. alkyl or alkenyl) groups, oxygen-containing (e.g. hydroxyl or alkoxy) or sulphur-containing (e.g. thiol) groups, provided that at least one of R1, R2 and R3 is not hydrogen.
  • R1, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, hydroxyl groups and alkoxy groups, provided that at least one of R1 , R2 and R3 is not hydrogen.
  • the alkyl, alkenyl and alkoxy groups are as defined above.
  • R1, R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, C1.10 alkyl groups, Ci- alkenyl groups, hydroxyl groups and C1.10 alkoxy groups, provided that at least one of Ri, R2 and R3 is not hydrogen.
  • R1, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-e alkyl groups, Ci-e alkenyl groups, hydroxyl groups and C1.6 alkoxy groups, provided that at least one of R1, R 2 and R 3 is not hydrogen. In some embodiments R1, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, Ci-e alkyl groups, and hydroxyl groups, provided that at least one of R1 , R2 and R3 is not hydrogen.
  • At least one of R1, R2 and R3 is a hydroxyl group.
  • R 3 may be a hydroxyl group.
  • at least one of R1, R 2 and R 3 is a hydroxyl group and the other groups are C1.10 alkyl groups.
  • at least one of R1, R 2 and R 3 is a hydroxyl group and the other groups are Ci-e alkyl groups.
  • Example compounds include sotolone and furaneol. The chemical structures of these compounds are shown in Annex 1 .
  • the amount of the substituted furanones may be less than about 1 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable. In some embodiments, the amount of the substituted furanones may be less than about 0.5 wt%. In some embodiments the amount of the substituted furanones may be less than about 0.1 wt%. All of these wt% are based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the amount of the substituted furanones may be 0.0001 wt% to about 1 wt%. In some embodiments, the amount of the substituted furanones may be 0.0001 wt% to about 0.5 wt%. In some embodiments the amount of the substituted furanones may be 0.0001 wt% to about 0.1 wt%. All of these wt% are based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the above concentrations apply to the compound of formula (II) (e.g. sotolone), the compound of formula (III) (e.g. furaneol), and to combinations thereof.
  • the consumable may comprise a compound of formula (II) and a compound of formula (III) and the total amount of these compounds may be 0.0001 wt% to 0.1 wt% based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the substituents may be aliphatic (e.g. alkyl or alkenyl), oxygen-containing (e.g. hydroxyl or alkoxy), sulphur-containing (e.g. thiol), nitrogen-containing (e.g. amino), or a combination thereof.
  • the substituents are aliphatic, where aliphatic is defined herein above.
  • the substituted pyridines are therefore aliphatic substituted pyridines, such as alkyl substituted pyridines.
  • the alkyl group is a C1.10 alkyl group.
  • the alkyl group is a Ci-s alkyl group. In some embodiments the alkyl group is a Ci-e alkyl group. In some embodiments the alkyl groups include, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl and hexyl. In some embodiments the alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl.
  • the pyridines are substituted in the ortho- or para- positions.
  • the pyridine may only be substituted by alkyl groups, e.g. CMO alkyl groups, such as Ci-e alkyl groups.
  • the pyridine may include at least two alkyl group substituents.
  • An example compound is dimethylpyridine, such as 2,4- dimethylpyridine. The chemical structure of 2,4-dimethylpyridine is shown in Annex 1.
  • the amount of the substituted pyridine may be less than 0.1 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable. In some embodiments the amount of the substituted pyridine may be less than 0.05 wt%. In some embodiments the amount of the substituted pyridine may be less than 0.025 wt%. All of these wt% are based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the substituted pyridine (e.g. aliphatic substituted pyridine as defined above) may be present in an amount of 0.0001 wt% to about 0.1 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable. In some embodiments the amount of the substituted pyridine may be 0.0001 wt% to about 0.05 wt%. In some embodiments the amount of the substituted pyridine may be 0.001 wt% to about 0.025 wt%. All of these wt% are based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the substituents may be aliphatic (e.g. alkyl or alkenyl), oxygen-containing (e.g. hydroxyl or alkoxy), sulphur-containing (e.g. thiol), nitrogen-containing (e.g. amino), or a combination thereof.
  • the substituents are aliphatic, where aliphatic is defined herein above.
  • the substituted pyrazines are therefore aliphatic substituted pyrazines, such as alkyl substituted pyrazines.
  • the alkyl group is a Ci- alkyl group.
  • the alkyl group is a Ci-s alkyl group.
  • the alkyl group is a Ci-e alkyl group.
  • the alkyl groups include, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl and hexyl.
  • the alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl.
  • the pyrazine may only be substituted by alkyl groups, e.g. C1.10 alkyl groups, such as Ci-e alkyl groups.
  • the pyrazine may include at least two alkyl group substituents.
  • An example compound is ethyldimethylpyrazine, such as 2-ethyl- 3,5-dimethylpyrazine.
  • the chemical structure of 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine is shown in Annex 1.
  • the amount of the substituted pyrazine (e.g. aliphatic substituted pyrazine as defined above) may be less than 0.01 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable. In some embodiments the amount of the substituted pyrazine may be less than 0.005 wt%. All of these wt% are based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the substituted pyrazine (e.g. aliphatic substituted pyrazine as defined above) may be present in an amount of 0.0001 wt% to about 0.01 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable. In some embodiments the amount of the substituted pyrazine may be 0.0001 wt% to about 0.005 wt%. All of these wt% are based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the rose ketone may be damascene- and damascenone-type or ionone-type.
  • the molecular backbones of these rose ketone types are known in the art and shown as formula (IV) and (V) below.
  • the rose ketones are a, p-ketones with a trimethylcyclohexene substituent at the a- or y- position from the ketone group.
  • the position and level of unsaturation in the cyclohexene group may vary, and likewise the length of the alkyl chain around the ketone group.
  • the rose ketones are damascene- and damascenone-type rose ketones, i.e. are a, p-ketones with a trimethylcyclohexene substituent at the a- position from the ketone group.
  • the rose ketone is a damascene, such as beta- damascone. The chemical structure of beta-damascone is shown in Annex 1.
  • the amount of the rose ketone may be less than 0.1 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable. In some embodiments the amount of the rose ketone may be less than 0.05 wt%. In some embodiments the amount of the rose ketone may be less than 0.01 wt%. All of these wt% are based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the rose ketone may be present in an amount of 0.0001 wt% to about 0.1 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable. In some embodiments the amount of the rose ketone may be 0.0001 wt% to about 0.05 wt%. In some embodiments the amount of the rose ketone may be 0.0001 wt% to about 0.01 wt%. All of these wt% are based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the monoterpenoid may include an oxygen functionality, such as a hydroxyl or alkoxy group.
  • the acyclic monoterpenoid is a hydroxyl-containing acyclic monoterpenoid.
  • An example compound is geraniol. The chemical structure of geraniol is shown in Annex 1.
  • the amount of the acyclic monoterpenoid may be less than 0.1 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable. In some embodiments the amount of the acyclic monoterpenoid may be less than 0.05 wt%. In some embodiments the amount of the acyclic monoterpenoid may be less than 0.01 wt%. All of these wt% are based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the acyclic monoterpenoid may be present in an amount of 0.0001 wt% to about 0.1 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable. In some embodiments the amount of the acyclic monoterpenoid may be 0.0001 wt% to about 0.05 wt%. In some embodiments the amount of the acyclic monoterpenoid may be 0.0001 wt% to about 0.01 wt%. All of these wt% are based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the substituents may be aliphatic (e.g. alkyl or alkenyl).
  • the substituents are alkyl, where alkyl is defined herein above.
  • the trisulfides are therefore aliphatic trisulfides, such as alkyl trisulfides.
  • the alkyl group is a CMO alkyl group.
  • the alkyl group is a Ci-s alkyl group.
  • the alkyl group is a Ci-e alkyl group.
  • the alkyl groups include, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl and hexyl. In some embodiments the alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl.
  • An example compound is dimethyl trisulphide. The chemical structure of dimethyl trisulfide is shown in Annex 1.
  • the amount of the trisulfide (e.g. aliphatic trisulfide as defined above) may be less than 1x10- 4 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable. In some embodiments the amount of the trisulfide may be less than 1x1 O' 5 wt%. All of these wt% are based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the trisulfide (e.g. aliphatic trisulfide as defined above) may be present in an amount of 1x1 O' 7 wt% to about 1x1 O' 4 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable. In some embodiments the amount of the trisulfide may be 1x1 O' 7 wt% to about 1x1 O' 5 wt%. All of these wt% are based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • All embodiments include, where appropriate, all enantiomers and tautomers of the compounds defined herein.
  • the person skilled in the art will recognise compounds that possess optical properties (one or more chiral carbon atoms) or tautomeric characteristics.
  • the corresponding enantiomers and/or tautomers may be isolated/prepared by methods known in the art.
  • Some of the compounds may also exist as stereoisomers and/or geometric isomers - e.g. they may possess one or more asymmetric and/or geometric centres and so may exist in two or more stereoisomeric and/or geometric forms. All embodiments include, where appropriate, the use of all the individual stereoisomers and geometric isomers of those compounds, and mixtures thereof. The terms used in the claims encompass these forms. As the skilled person will appreciate, the above compound definitions may be combined along with the recited concentrations. Some exemplary combinations are presented below and in the appended set of embodiments.
  • the total amount of the at least two further compounds may be about 0.000001 wt% to about 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable. In some embodiments, the total amount of the at least two further compounds may be about 0.00001 wt% to about 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable. In some embodiments, the total amount of the at least two further compounds may be about 0.0001 to 5 or 4 or 3 or 2 or 1 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable. In some embodiments, the total amount of the at least two further compounds may be about 0.001 wt% to about 1 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable. As the skilled person will appreciate, these concentration ranges apply to the above-defined compounds and further in combination with the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, an aliphatic aldehyde, or a combination thereof as defined herein.
  • the at least two further compounds are present in an amount of from about 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable, and selected from aromatic substituted pyrroles (e.g. Ce-Ci 2 aromatic substituted pyrroles), furans substituted with at least one sulphur-containing group (e.g. an aliphatic thiol), substituted furanones represented by a compound of formula (II) or formula (III), wherein Ri, R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, aliphatic (e.g. alkyl or alkenyl) groups, oxygen-containing (e.g.
  • Ri, R 2 and R 3 is not hydrogen, aliphatic (e.g. alkyl) substituted pyridines, aliphatic (e.g. alkyl) substituted pyrazines, damascene or damascenone-type rose ketones, oxygen-containing (e.g. hydroxyl) acyclic monoterpenoids, and aliphatic (e.g. alkyl) trisulfides.
  • the at least two further compounds are present in an amount of from about 0.0001 wt% to about 1 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable, and selected from aromatic substituted pyrroles (e.g. Ce-Ci 2 aromatic substituted pyrroles), furans substituted with at least one sulphur-containing group (e.g. an aliphatic thiol), substituted furanones represented by a compound of formula (II) or formula (III), wherein Ri, R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, aliphatic (e.g. alkyl or alkenyl) groups, oxygen-containing (e.g.
  • Ri, R 2 and R 3 is not hydrogen, aliphatic (e.g. alkyl) substituted pyridines, aliphatic (e.g. alkyl) substituted pyrazines, damascene or damascenone-type rose ketones, oxygen-containing (e.g. hydroxyl) acyclic monoterpenoids, and aliphatic (e.g. alkyl) trisulfides.
  • the at least two further compounds are present in an amount of from about 0.001 wt% to about 1 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable, and selected from aromatic substituted pyrroles (e.g. Ce-Ci 2 aromatic substituted pyrroles), furans substituted with at least one sulphur-containing group (e.g. an aliphatic thiol), substituted furanones represented by a compound of formula (II) or formula (III), wherein Ri, R 2 and R 3 are each independently selected from hydrogen, aliphatic (e.g. alkyl or alkenyl) groups, oxygen-containing (e.g.
  • Ri, R 2 and R 3 is not hydrogen, aliphatic (e.g. alkyl) substituted pyridines, aliphatic (e.g. alkyl) substituted pyrazines, damascene or damascenone-type rose ketones, oxygen-containing (e.g. hydroxyl) acyclic monoterpenoids, and aliphatic (e.g. alkyl) trisulfides.
  • the above-defined compounds and concentrations thereof may be combined with one another.
  • the consumable may, for example, include 10 or less of the defined compounds, such as 9 or less, or even 8 or less.
  • the one or more compounds include at least one compound selected from acyclic and alkoxyphenols, such as alkyl, alkenyl and/or alkoxyphenols, optionally wherein the phenols are represented by a compound of formula (I) as defined above, a substituted furanone represented by a compound of formula (II) as defined above, optionally wherein at least one of R1, R 2 and R 3 is a hydroxyl group, and/or an aliphatic substituted pyridine, such as an alkyl substituted pyridine.
  • acyclic and alkoxyphenols such as alkyl, alkenyl and/or alkoxyphenols
  • the phenols are represented by a compound of formula (I) as defined above, a substituted furanone represented by a compound of formula (II) as defined above, optionally wherein at least one of R1, R 2 and R 3 is a hydroxyl group, and/or an aliphatic substituted pyridine, such as an alkyl substituted
  • the one or more compounds include at least one compound selected from 4-propylphenol, 4-ethyl-2- methoxyphenol, 3-ethylphenol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, sotolone and/or 2, 4-dimethylpyridine.
  • the consumable comprises:
  • an aromatic substituted pyrrole optionally wherein the aromatic group is a Ce- Ci 2 aromatic group
  • a furan substituted with a sulphur-containing group optionally wherein the sulphur-containing group is an aliphatic thiol
  • the consumable comprises an aerosol former material or a substrate material as defined herein, and:
  • R1, R 2 , R3, R4 and R 5 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl or an alkoxy group, the alkyl, alkenyl and alkoxy group being selected from C1-C10 alkyls, C1-C10 alkenyls and C1-C10 alkoxy groups, provided that at least one of R1, R 2 , R3, R4 and R 5 is an alkoxy group, optionally wherein the compound of formula (I) has at least one alkoxy group at the ortho- or paraposition;
  • the consumable comprises 4-propylphenol, 4-ethyl-2- methoxyphenol, and indole, and 2-furfurylthiol or sotolone.
  • the consumable comprises 0.001 wt% to about 0.5 wt% 4-propylphenol, 0.001 wt% to about 0.5 wt% 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, and 0.001 wt% to about 0.01 wt% indole, and 1x1 O' 7 wt% to 5x1 O’ 5 wt% 2-furfurylthiol or 0.0001 wt% to about 0.1 wt% sotolone.
  • the consumable comprises:
  • the consumable comprises an aerosol former material or a substrate material as defined herein, and:
  • the consumable comprises 4-propylphenol, 4-ethyl-2- methoxyphenol, indole, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, and 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine.
  • the consumable comprises 0.001 wt% to about 0.5 wt% 4-propylphenol, 0.001 wt% to about 0.5 wt% 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol, 0.001 wt% to about 0.01 wt% indole, 0.0001 wt% to about 0.05 wt% 2,4-dimethylpyridine, and 0.0001 wt% to about 0.01 wt% 2-ethyl-3,5- dimethylpyrazine.
  • the consumable comprises:
  • an aliphatic substituted pyrazine optionally wherein the aliphatic groups are C1- C10 alkyl groups
  • the consumable comprises an aerosol former material or a substrate material as defined herein, and:
  • the consumable comprises 3-ethylphenol, 2-ethyl-3,5- dimethylpyrazine, sotolone and furaneol. In some embodiments the consumable comprises 0.001 wt% to about 0.5 wt% 3-ethylphenol, 0.0001 wt% to about 0.01 wt% 2-ethyl-3,5- dimethylpyrazine, 0.0001 wt% to about 0.1 wt% sotolone and 0.0001 wt% to about 0.1 wt% furaneol.
  • the consumable comprises:
  • the consumable comprises an aerosol former material, and:
  • the consumable comprises 2-furfurylthiol, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 3-ethylphenol, and p-damascone.
  • the consumable comprises 1x1 O' 7 wt% to 5x1 O’ 5 wt% 2-furfurylthiol, 0.0001 wt% to about 0.01 wt% 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 0.001 wt% to about 0.5 wt% 3-ethylphenol, and 0.0001 to about 0.05 wt% p-damascone.
  • the consumable comprises:
  • the consumable comprises an aerosol former material or a substrate material as defined herein, and:
  • the consumable comprises 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2,6- dimethoxyphenol, geraniol, and dimethyl trisulphide.
  • the consumable comprises 0.0001 wt% to about 0.01 wt% 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt% 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 0.0001 wt% to about 0.01 wt% geraniol, and 1x1 O' 7 wt% to about 1x1 O’ 5 wt% dimethyl trisulphide.
  • the consumable comprises:
  • the consumable comprises an aerosol former material or a substrate material as defined herein, and:
  • the consumable comprises 2-furfurylthiol, sotolone, 2,4- dimethylpyridine, 3-ethylphenol, and dimethyl trisulphide.
  • the consumable comprises 1x1 O' 7 wt% to 5x1 O' 5 wt% 2-furfurylthiol, 0.0001 wt% to about 0.1 wt% sotolone, 0.0001 wt% to about 0.01 wt% 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt% 3- ethylphenol, and 1x1 O' 7 wt% to about 1x1 O' 5 wt% dimethyl trisulphide.
  • the consumable comprises:
  • the consumable comprises an aerosol former material or a substrate material as defined herein, and:
  • the consumable comprises 2-furfurylthiol, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, furaneol, and 3-methylbutanal.
  • the consumable comprises 1x1 O' 7 wt% to 5x1 O' 5 wt% 2-furfurylthiol, 0.0001 wt% to about 0.01 wt% 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 0.0001 wt% to about 0.01 wt% 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, .0001 wt% to about 0.1 wt% furaneol, and 0.001 wt% to less than about 1 wt% 3-methylbutanal.
  • the consumable comprises an aerosol former material.
  • the aerosol-former material may comprise one or more constituents capable of forming an aerosol.
  • the consumable may comprise aerosol former material in an amount of at least 70 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the consumable comprises aerosol former material in an amount of at least 80 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the consumable comprises aerosol former material in an amount of at least 90 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the consumable comprises aerosol former material in an amount of at least 95 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the aerosol-former material may comprise one or more of glycerol, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1 ,3- butylene glycol, ethyl vanillate, ethyl laurate, a diethyl suberate, benzyl benzoate, benzyl phenyl acetate, tributyrin, lauryl acetate, lauric acid, myristic acid, and propylene carbonate.
  • the aerosol-former material may comprise one or more of propylene glycol, or glycerol.
  • the aerosol-former material comprises, consists essentially of or consists of glycerol, or a mixture of glycerol and propylene glycol.
  • the aerosol-former material comprises a mixture of glycerol and propylene glycol in a weight ratio of glycerol to propylene glycol of about 3:1 to 1 :3, about 2:1 to 1 :2, about 1 .5: 1 to 1 : 1 .5, about 55:45 to 45:55, or about 45:55.
  • the consumable comprises a substrate material.
  • the substrate material may comprise a carrier material, a porous material, or a combination thereof.
  • substrate material is therefore meant a substance or material which supports or otherwise carries the compounds in the consumable, but is not an aerosol-former material.
  • the substrate material may be a solid, liquid or gel. In various embodiments of the present disclosure, the substrate material is a solid or a gel.
  • the carrier material may comprise one or more solvents. In some embodiments, the carrier material may comprise one or more solvents. By referring to one or more solvents forming part of the carrier material for the active substances, it is meant that the solvent may alter the assimilation, homogenisation, dissolution etc of the one or more active substances.
  • the carrier material comprises of at least about 30%w/w of one or more solvents. In some embodiments, the carrier material comprises of at least about 40%w/w of one or more solvents. In some embodiments, the carrier material comprises of at least about 50%w/w of one or more solvents. In some embodiments, the carrier material comprises of at least about 60%w/w of one or more solvents.
  • the carrier material comprises of at least about 70%w/w of one or more solvents. In some embodiments, the carrier material comprises of at least about 80%w/w of one or more solvents. In some embodiments, the carrier material comprises of at least about 90%w/w of one or more solvents. In some embodiments, the carrier material consists of one or more solvents.
  • the carrier material comprises of from about 30%w/w to 100%w/w of one or more solvents. In some embodiments, the carrier material comprises of from about 40%w/w to 100%w/w of one or more solvents. In some embodiments, the carrier material comprises of from about 50%w/w to 100%w/w of one or more solvents. In some embodiments, the carrier material comprises of from about 60%w/w to 100%w/w of one or more solvents. In some embodiments, the carrier material comprises of from about 70%w/w to 100%w/w of one or more solvents. In some embodiments, the carrier material comprises of from about 80%w/w to 100%w/w of one or more solvents. In some embodiments, the carrier material comprises of from about 90%w/w to 100%w/w of one or more solvents.
  • the one or more solvents are selected from the group consisting of aliphatic alcohols, aromatic alcohols and medium chain triglycerides (MCTs).
  • the aliphatic alcohol is ethanol.
  • the aromatic alcohol is benzyl alcohol.
  • the substrate material comprises a porous material.
  • the porous material may comprise a sponge material, a fibrous material or combinations thereof.
  • the sponge material may be formed of polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene, polyurethane, polyester, or combinations thereof.
  • the fibrous material may be a material selected from the group consisting of paper, tobacco, non-tobacco plant material (e.g. cellulose) or combinations thereof.
  • a cellulose substrate may, for example, comprise cellulose acetate or derivatives thereof including a cellulose acetate filter in a smoking article.
  • the substrate may comprise a non-tobacco plant material including cereal grains (e.g., maize, oat, barley, rye, buckwheat, and the like), sugar beet (e.g., FIBREX® brand filler available from International Fiber Corporation), bran fiber, and mixtures thereof.
  • non-limiting examples of derivatives of non-tobacco plant material include starches (e.g., from potato, wheat, rice, corn), natural cellulose, and modified cellulosic materials.
  • the non-tobacco plant material substrate comprises a starch, a cellulose material, or both.
  • a cellulose material may, for example, be used to enhance certain organoleptic properties such as texture and mouthfeel, enhancing cohesiveness or compressibility of the consumable for oral use.
  • the cellulose material may be microcrystalline cellulose (mcc).
  • the mcc may be synthetic or semi-synthetic, or it may be obtained entirely from natural celluloses.
  • the cellulose derivative may, for example, be present from about 10 to 80 % by weight of the consumable.
  • the cellulose substrate e.g. the cellulose derivative substrate, is present from about 10 to 70% by weight of the consumable.
  • the consumable may comprise no more than about 10% by weight of a tobacco material, excluding any nicotine present, based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the consumable comprising a non-tobacco plant material substrate includes no more than about 5% by weight of a tobacco material, excluding any nicotine present, based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the tobacco material may be prepared from any type or form of tobacco.
  • the present disclosure is not limited in this respect.
  • the tobacco material is obtained from a harvested plant of the Nicotiana species.
  • Example Nicotiana species include N. tabacum, N. rustica, N. alata, N. arentsii, N. excelsior, N. forgetiana, N. glauca, N. glutinosa, N. gossei, N. kawakamii, N. knightiana, N. langsdorffi, N. otophora, N. setchelli, N. sylvestris, N. tomentosa, N.
  • tomentosiformis N. undulata, N. x sanderae, N. africana, N. amplexicaulis, N. benavidesii, N. bonariensis, N. debneyi, N. longiflora, N. maritina, N. megalosiphon, N. occidentalis, N. paniculata, N. plumbaginifolia, N. raimondii, N. rosulata, N. simulans, N. stocktonii, N. suaveolens, N. umbratica, N. velutina, N. wigandioides, N. acaulis, N. acuminata, N. attenuate, N.
  • benthamiana N. cavicola, N. clevelandii, N. cordifolia, N. corymbose, N. fragrans, N. goodspeedii, N. linearis, N. miersii, N. nudicaulis, N. obtusifolia, N. occidentalis subsp. Hersperis, N. pauciflora, N. petunioides, N. quadrivalvis, N. repanda, N. rotundifolia, N. solanifolia, and N. spegazzinii.
  • Various parts or portions of the plant of the Nicotiana species can be included within a tobacco material as disclosed herein. For example, virtually all of the plant (e.g., the whole plant) can be harvested, and employed as such. Alternatively, various parts or pieces of the plant can be harvested or separated for further use after harvest. For example, the flower, leaves, stem, stalk, roots, seeds, and various combinations thereof, can be isolated for further use or treatment.
  • the substrate material is a tobacco substrate material.
  • the substrate material includes at least one tobacco substrate material.
  • the tobacco substrate material may be solid, liquid or gel.
  • the tobacco substrate material is solid.
  • the identity of the tobacco is not limited; it can be any type or grade of tobacco and includes any part, such as for example, the leaves or stems of any member of the genus Nicotiana and reconstituted materials thereof.
  • the tobacco is from the species Nicotiana tabacum.
  • the tobacco substrate material may be from one variety of tobacco or from more than one variety of tobacco. As is known in the art, the latter can be referred to as a blend. Examples of tobacco varieties which may be used include, but are not limited to, Virginia, Burley, Oriental and Rustica tobaccos.
  • the tobacco substrate material is a pH-treated tobacco material; pH treatment of tobacco is well known in the art. In general, pH treatment raises the pH of the tobacco material from an acidic pH to an alkaline pH.
  • the tobacco substrate material including when the tobacco substrate material is a pH-treated tobacco material, can be in any suitable form.
  • the tobacco substrate material is in the form of particles, beads, granules or the like. The shape and/or size of such particles, beads or granules is not limited in the context of the present invention. The skilled person will be aware of suitable sizes and shapes and the methods by which such sizes and shapes can be achieved.
  • the substrate material includes a non-tobacco substrate material.
  • the substrate material may comprise a fibrous material which is formed of cellulose acetate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH), polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), poly(i-4 butanediol succinate) (PBS), poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)(PBAT), starch based materials, cotton, aliphatic polyester materials, polysaccharide polymers or a combination thereof.
  • PVOH polyvinyl alcohol
  • PLA polylactic acid
  • PCL polycaprolactone
  • PBS poly(i-4 butanediol succinate)
  • PBAT poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)
  • starch based materials cotton, aliphatic polyester materials, polysaccharide polymers or a combination thereof.
  • one or more humectants may be employed in the consumable, for example, with a tobacco or non-plant material substrate.
  • humectants include, but are not limited to, glycerin, propylene glycol, and the like.
  • the humectant is typically provided in an amount sufficient to provide desired moisture attributes to the mixture.
  • the humectant may impart desirable flow characteristics to the mixture for depositing in a mold.
  • a humectant will typically make up about 5% or less of the weight of the mixture (e.g., from about 0.5 to about 5%).
  • a representative amount of humectant is about 0.1 % to about 1 % by weight, or about 1 % to about 5% by weight, based on the total weight of the mixture.
  • the consumable may comprise one or more further constituents.
  • concentration of the one or more further constituents is not limited and in some embodiments may be about 0.001 wt% to about 10 wt% of the consumable.
  • the consumable of the present disclosure may comprise one or more sensates.
  • sensate or “sensate compound” - used interchangeably herein - is meant a compound that triggers a sensation mediated by the trigeminal nerve of a user.
  • sensate compounds are well-documented in food and pharmaceutical industries, and the triggered sensations include cooling, warming, and tingling sensations.
  • the triggered sensations include cooling, warming, and tingling sensations.
  • sensations should be experienced in the oral cavity, the nasal cavity and/or the skin of the user.
  • the present disclosure is not limited in this respect although preference is given for sensations experienced in the oral and/or nasal cavities.
  • the terms “cooling”, “warming” and “tingling” are well-understood in the art.
  • Cooling agents, warming agents and tingling agents are each typically small organic molecules which deliver a cooling, warming or tingling sensation to a user upon contact with the oral cavity, nasal cavity and/or skin. This sensation falls under the category of chemesthetic sensations and arises because the small organic molecule activates certain receptors in the skin and/or mucous membranes. The experience of a cooling, warming and/or tingling sensation thus relies on chemesthesis of the user.
  • Chemesthesis is also referred to in the art as the “common chemical sense” or trigeminal chemosensation because it typically refers to sensations that are mediated by the trigeminal nerve and which are elements of the somatosensory system, distinguishing them from olfaction (sense of smell) and taste.
  • the consumable of the present disclosure may comprise a warming or tingling agent.
  • the warming agent or tingling agent may be selected from the group consisting of vanilloids, sanshools, piperine, allyl isothiocyanate, cinnamyl phenyl propyl compounds, ethyl esters, and combinations thereof, or the warming agent or tingling agent may be an extract from at least one of horseradish oil, ginger oil, black pepper, long pepper, Szechuan pepper, cayenne pepper, llzazi or mustard oil.
  • Vanilloids are compounds which possess a vanillyl group, and a number of vanilloids bind to the transient receptor potential van i I loi d type 1 or TRPV1 receptor, an ion channel which naturally responds to stimuli. TRPV1 is therefore an element of the mammalian somatosensory system. Vanilloids include capsaicin (8-methyl-A/-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) and nonivamide as well as 3-phenylpropyl homovanillate, the major component of SymHeat PV used in the Examples herein.
  • Sanshools are exemplified by hydroxy-alpha-sanshool, a compound responsible for the numbing and tingling sensation caused by eating food cooked with Szechuan peppercorns and llzazi.
  • the term “sanshool” is derived from the Japanese term for the Japanese pepper and the suffix “ol” meaning “alcohol”. It is an agonist of TRPV1 and TRPA1 (an ion channel best known as a sensor for pain, cold, and itch in humans and other mammals).
  • Cinnamyl phenylpropyl compounds have a common structural characteristic of an aryl substituted primary alcohol/aldehyde/ester. They include 3-phenylpropyl cinnamate and 3- phenyl-1 -propanol, which each have a spicy taste and balsamic odour, as well as 3- phenylpropyl isobutyrate which has a fruity taste and odour.
  • the cinnamyl phenylpropyl compounds are selected from 3-phenylpropyl cinnamate, 3-phenyl-1- propanol and combinations thereof.
  • the warming agent or tingling agent is selected from the group consisting of vanilloids, sanshools, piperine, cinnamyl phenylpropyl compounds, ethyl esters, and combinations thereof, or the warming agent or tingling agent is an extract from at least one of horseradish oil, mustard oil, ginger oil, black pepper, long pepper, Szechuan pepper, cayenne pepper, or llzazi.
  • the warming agent or tingling agent is selected from the group consisting of vanillyl ethyl ether, vanillyl propyl ether, 3-phenylpropyl homovanillate, capsaicinoids, gingerols (e.g.
  • the warming agent or tingling agent is an extract from at least one of horseradish oil, ginger oil, black pepper, long pepper, Szechuan pepper, cayenne pepper, llzazi or mustard oil.
  • All embodiments include, where appropriate, all enantiomers and tautomers of the compounds defined herein.
  • the person skilled in the art will recognise compounds that possess optical properties (one or more chiral carbon atoms) or tautomeric characteristics.
  • the corresponding enantiomers and/or tautomers may be isolated/prepared by methods known in the art.
  • Some of the compounds may also exist as stereoisomers and/or geometric isomers - e.g. they may possess one or more asymmetric and/or geometric centres and so may exist in two or more stereoisomeric and/or geometric forms.
  • All embodiments include, where appropriate, the use of all the individual stereoisomers and geometric isomers of those compounds, and mixtures thereof. The terms used in the claims encompass these forms.
  • Piperine has, for example, four geometric isomers including chavicine, isochavicine and isopiperine.
  • the term “piperine” is used herein to refer to all the individual geometric isomers, and mixtures thereof.
  • the one or more sensates as defined may be present in the consumable in an amount of about 0.001 wt% to about 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable. As will be understood by the person skilled in the art, this concentration range applies to the total amount of sensates, e.g. warming agent or tingling agent and optionally cooling agent. The inclusion of a cooling agent is discussed further below.
  • the one or more sensate as defined herein is present in the consumable in an amount of about 0.001 wt% to about 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable, such as about 0.001 wt% to about 2.5 wt%.
  • the warming agent or tinging agent may be present at a concentration of about 0.0001 wt% to about 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the aerosolisable formulation, and is selected from the group consisting of vanilloids, sanshools, piperine, cinnamyl phenylpropyl compounds, ethyl esters, and combinations thereof, or the warming agent or tingling agent is an extract from at least one of ginger oil, black pepper, long pepper, Szechuan pepper, cayenne pepper, or llzazi, e.g. vanilloids.
  • the one or more sensates comprises a cooling agent.
  • cooling agent is defined above. It may be menthol or a cooling agent which is a compound of formula (VI) or a salt and/or solvate thereof.
  • X is hydrogen or OR’
  • R’ is an alkyl group or an alkenyl group which may be taken together with Ri to form a three to five-membered heterocyclyl group, wherein the heterocyclyl group is optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from OH, O-alkyl, alkyl-OH, alkyl-O-alkyl, NH 2 , NH-alkyl, N-(alkyl) 2 , NO 2 and ON; and wherein Ri and R 2 are each independently selected from hydrogen, OH, OR a , C(O)NRbR c and C(O)ORbR c ; and when the double bond is present, R 2 is absent;
  • R a is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, a C(O)Rf group, or a C(O)-alkyl-C(O)Rf group wherein the alkyl groups and alkenyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from OH, O-alkyl, NH 2 , NH-alkyl, N-(alkyl) 2 , NO 2 and ON; and wherein R f is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, OH, O-alkyl, NH 2 , NH-alkyl or N-(alkyl) 2 , wherein the alkyl groups and alkenyl groups are optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from OH, O-alkyl, NH 2 , NH-alkyl, N-(alkyl) 2 , NO 2 and ON;
  • X is hydrogen
  • X is OR’, wherein R’ is an alkyl group which is taken together with Ri to form a four or five-membered heterocyclyl group, wherein the heterocyclyl group is optionally substituted by alkyl-OH, and wherein Ri is OR a wherein R a is an alkyl group and wherein R 2 is absent or hydrogen.
  • X is hydrogen and Ri is selected from OH, OR a and C(O)NRbR c .
  • R 2 is either absent or selected from OH and OR a .
  • X is hydrogen, Ri is selected from OR a and C(O)NRbR c and R 2 is either absent or selected from OH and OR a .
  • Ri is OR a and R a is an alkyl group substituted by one or more OH substituents.
  • R2 may be hydrogen.
  • R1 is C(O)NRbR c , wherein Rb and R c are each independently hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, a heteroaryl group, or a heteroaralkyl group.
  • R1 is C(O)NR b R c and at least one of R b and R c is hydrogen.
  • R 2 may be hydrogen.
  • R1 is C(O)NR b R c , wherein R b is hydrogen and R c is selected from the group consisting of an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group and a heteroaralkyl group.
  • R2 may be hydrogen.
  • alkyl includes both saturated straight chain and branched alkyl groups which may be substituted (mono- or poly-) or unsubstituted.
  • the alkyl group is a C1.10 alkyl group.
  • the alkyl group is a C1.8 alkyl group.
  • the alkyl group is a C1.6 alkyl group.
  • the alkyl group is a C1.3 alkyl group.
  • the alkyl groups include, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, pentyl and hexyl.
  • the alkyl groups include methyl, ethyl, propyl or isopropyl.
  • alkenyl includes both unsaturated straight chain and branched alkenyl groups which may be substituted (mono- or poly-) or unsubstituted.
  • the alkenyl group is a C2-10 alkenyl group.
  • the alkenyl group is a C2-8 alkenyl group.
  • the alkenyl group is a C2-6 alkenyl group.
  • aralkyl is used as a conjunction of the terms alkyl and aryl as given above.
  • an aryl group may be bonded to the compound of formula (I) through a diradical alkylene bridge, (-CH2-) n , where n is 1-10 and where “aryl” is as defined above.
  • an alkyl group may be bonded to the compound of formula (I) through a diradical aryl bridge, e.g. phenyl, where “alkyl is as defined above.
  • the term “aralkyl” refers to a phenyl-alkyl group where the phenyl is bonded to the compound of formula (I).
  • the heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, pyrrolyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinnyl, furanyl, thiophenyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, isothiazolyl, pyrazolyl benzofuranyl, and benzothiophenyl. Heteroaryl rings may be unsubstituted or substituted.
  • the heteroaryl is selected from the group consisting of pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl and pyrrolyl. In some embodiments the heteroaryl is pyridyl.
  • the heterocyclyl is selected from the group consisting of oxiranyl, oxetanyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydropyranyl, and 1 ,3-dioxolane. In some embodiments the heterocyclyl is 1 ,3-dioxolane.
  • All embodiments include, where appropriate, all enantiomers, tautomers and geometric isomers of the compounds of formula (VI). The person skilled in the art will recognise compounds that possess optical properties (one or more chiral carbon atoms) or tautomeric characteristics. The corresponding enantiomers and/or tautomers may be isolated/prepared by methods known in the art.
  • Some of the compounds of formula (VI) may also exist as stereoisomers and/or geometric isomers - e.g. they may possess one or more asymmetric and/or geometric centres and so may exist in two or more stereoisomeric and/or geometric forms. All embodiments include, where appropriate, the use of all the individual stereoisomers and geometric isomers of those compounds, and mixtures thereof.
  • the terms used in the claims encompass these forms.
  • Suitable salts of the compounds of formula (VI) include suitable acid addition or base salts thereof. Such salts and solvates thereof will be known in the art.
  • Suitable acid addition salts include carboxylate salts (e.g. formate, acetate, trifluoroacetate, propionate, isobutyrate, heptanoate, decanoate, caprate, caprylate, stearate, acrylate, caproate, propiolate, ascorbate, citrate, glucuronate, glutamate, glycolate, a-hydroxybutyrate, lactate, tartrate, phenylacetate, mandelate, phenylpropionate, phenylbutyrate, benzoate, chlorobenzoate, methylbenzoate, hydroxybenzoate, methoxybenzoate, dinitrobenzoate, o-acetoxybenzoate, salicylate, nicotinate, isonicotinate, cinnamate, oxalate, malon
  • sulfonate salts e.g. benzenesulfonate, methyl-, bromo- or chloro-benzenesulfonate, xylenesulfonate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, propanesulfonate, hydroxyethanesulfonate, 1- or 2- naphthalene-sulfonate or 1 ,5- naphthalenedisulfonate salts) or sulfate, pyrosulfate, bisulfate, sulfite, bisulfite, phosphate, monohydrogenphosphate, dihydrogenphosphate, metaphosphate, pyrophosphate or nitrate salts.
  • sulfonate salts e.g. benzenesulfonate, methyl-, bromo- or chloro-benzenesulfonate, xylenesulfonate, methanesulfonate,
  • the one or more sensates comprises a cooling agent which is selected from the group consisting of: menthol, N-ethyl-5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl) cyclohexanecarboxamide, ethyl-2-(5-methyl-2-propan-2-yl cyclohexanecarbonyl amino) acetate, N-(4-methoxyphenyl)-p-menthanecarboxamide, N-2,3-trimethyl-2-propan-2-yl butanamide, N-(2-pyridin-2-yl)ethyl)menthyl carboxamide, menthone-1 ,2-glycerol ketal, menthyl lactate, isopulegol, 3-menthoxypropan-1 ,2-diol, and menthyl succinate.
  • menthol N-ethyl-5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl) cyclohexanecarboxamide
  • the cooling agent is selected from the group consisting of:
  • the cooling agent is WS-23, i.e. N,2-3-trimethyl-2-propan-2- ylbutanamide.
  • the cooling agent is selected from the group consisting of (1 S,2R,5S)-N-ethyl-5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexanecarboxamide, ethy I-2- [[( 1 R,2S,5R)- 5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexanecarbonyl]amino] acetate, (1 R,2S,5R)-N-(4- methoxyphenyl-p-menthanecarboxamide, (1 R,2S,5R)-N-(2-(pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)menthylcarboxamide, (-)-menthone 1 ,2-glycerol ketal, (-)-menthyl lactate, 3-((-)- menthoxy)propane-1 ,2-diol, and (-)-menthyl succinate.
  • the cooling agent is selected from the group consisting of (1 S,2R,5S)-N-ethyl-5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexanecarboxamide, ethy I-2- [[( 1 R,2S,5R)- 5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexanecarbonyl]amino] acetate, (1 R,2S,5R)-N-(4- methoxyphenyl-p-menthanecarboxamide, (1 R,2S,5R)-N-(2-(pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)menthylcarboxamide, (-)-menthone 1 ,2-glycerol ketal, (-)-menthyl lactate, (-)- isopulegol, and 3-((-)-menthoxy)propane-1 ,2-diol.
  • the cooling agent is selected from the group consisting of (1 S,2R,5S)-N-ethyl-5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexanecarboxamide, ethy I-2- [[( 1 R,2S,5R)- 5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexanecarbonyl]amino] acetate, ((1 R,2S,5R)-N-(2-(pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)menthylcarboxamide, (-)-menthone 1 ,2-glycerol ketal, (-)-menthyl lactate, (-)- isopulegol, and 3-((-)-menthoxy)propane-1 ,2-diol.
  • the cooling agent is selected from the group consisting of (1 S,2R,5S)-N-ethyl-5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexanecarboxamide, ethy I-2- [[( 1 R,2S,5R)- 5-methyl-2-propan-2-ylcyclohexanecarbonyl]amino] acetate, ((1 R,2S,5R)-N-(2-(pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)menthylcarboxamide, (-)-menthone 1 ,2-glycerol ketal, (-)-menthyl lactate, and 3-((-)- menthoxy)propane-1 ,2-diol.
  • the cooling agent is (1 R,2S,5R)-N-(2-(pyridin-2- yl)ethyl)menthylcarboxamide.
  • the cooling agent is (1S,2R,5S)-N-ethyl- 5-methyl-2-(propan-2-yl)cyclohexanecarboxamide.
  • the consumable further comprises one or more compounds selected from acetic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylpentanoic acid, butanoic acid, p-damascenone, p-ionone, a-ionone, a-ionol, p-cyclocitral, safranal, maltol, ethyl maltol, 2-methoxyphenol, 4-methyl-2-methoxyphenol, 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl- 2(5H)-furanone, phenylacetic acid, cyclotene, ethyl cyclotene, coronol, mesifurane, maple furanone, benzaldehyde, 4-propyl-2-methoxyphenol, 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 3-methyl- 2,4-nonandione, 5,6,7-trimethylocta-2,5-dien-4-one, or
  • the consumable further comprises at least one compound selected from compounds A, B, C, D, E and a combination thereof.
  • Each of Compounds A, B, C, D and E are defined below.
  • A is at least one compound selected from acetic acid, 2- methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methylpentanoic acid, and butanoic acid.
  • compound A is 3-methylbutanoic acid, also known as isovaleric acid.
  • compound A is acetic acid.
  • compound A is 3- methyl pentanoic acid, also known as 3-methylvaleric acid.
  • compound A is 2-methylbutanoic acid.
  • compound A is butyric acid, also known as butanoic acid.
  • A is at least acetic acid and 2-methylbutanoic acid.
  • B is at least one compound selected from p-damascone, p- damascenone p-ionone, a-ionone, a-ionol, p-cyclocitral, and safranal. In some embodiments, B is at least two compounds selected from p-damascone, p-damascenone and p-ionone, a- ionone, a-ionol, p-cyclocitral, and safranal. In some embodiments, B is at least p-damascone, P-damascenone and p-ionone.
  • C is at least one compound selected from maltol, ethyl maltol, and sotolone. In some embodiments C is at least two compounds selected from maltol, ethyl maltol and sotolone.
  • D is at least one compound selected from 2-methoxyphenol, 4- methyl-2-methoxyphenol, 4-propyl-2-methoxyphenol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, phenylacetic acid, 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone, cyclotene, ethyl cyclotene, coronol, mesifurane, maple furanone, 4-propyl-2-methoxyphenol, benzaldehyde, and 4-allyl-2,6-dimethoxyphenol.
  • E is at least one compound selected from 3-methyl-2,4- nonandione and 5,6,7-trimethylocta-2,5-dien-4-one.
  • the consumable comprises three or more compounds selected from compounds A, B, C, D and E, wherein each of A, B, C, D and E are as defined herein. In some embodiments, the consumable comprises four or more compounds selected from compounds A, B, C, D and E, wherein each of A, B, C, D and E are as defined herein. In some embodiments, the consumable comprises at least compounds A, B, C, and D wherein each of A, B, C, and D are as defined herein. In some embodiments, the consumable comprises a compound from each of compounds A, B, C, D and E, wherein each of A, B, C, D and E are as defined herein.
  • two or more different A compounds may be selected from two or more of the group consisting of acetic acid, 3-methylbutanoic acid, 3-methyl pentanoic acid, 2-methylbutanoic acid, and butyric acid. In some embodiments, where two or more different A compounds are present, they are at least butyric acid and 3- methylbutanoic acid.
  • the consumable may also comprise, in addition to compounds A, B, C and D, one or more of the following compounds falling within component E: 3-methyl-2,4-nonandione and 5,6,7-Trimethylocta-2,5-dien-4-one.
  • compounds A, C and D may be present, relative to compound B (total B components), in the following weight ratios: A:B is from 5 to 10:1 ; C:B is from 5 to 10:1 ; and D:B is from 10 to 15:1.
  • compounds A, C and D may be present, relative to compound B (total B compounds), in the following weight ratios: A:B is from 1 to 5:1 ; C:B is from 1 to 5:1 ; and D:B is from 5 to 10:1.
  • compounds A, C and D may be present, relative to compound B (total B compounds), in the following weight ratios: A:B is from 5 to 10: 1 ; C: B is from 15 to 25: 1 ; and D: B is from 5 to 10: 1 .
  • the consumable of the present disclosure is particularly suitable for producing a tobacco-like aroma. Furthermore, it has been found that such consumables do not need to be even partly or entirely extracted from tobacco in order to provide such an aroma. Consequently, the consumable of the present disclosure may not, in some embodiments, be derived from tobacco extracts. It is thought that during the process of extracting compounds from tobacco, other impurities (i.e. compounds in addition to the target compound), may be present. It is either impossible or very difficult to completely eliminate such impurities from an extraction which may be problematic for various reasons. As a result, the consumable of the present disclosure may have the advantage that it need not contain additional compounds which do not contribute significantly to the provision of a tobacco-like aroma yet which may be present in a composition derived from tobacco.
  • the consumable Owing to the consumable optionally not being derived directly from an extract, it is typically the case that the consumable comprises a relatively few number of compounds.
  • the consumable consists essentially of four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, or fifteen compounds. These compounds may be those defined in Claim 1.
  • the consumable consists essentially of 15 or less compounds, such as 14 or less compounds, such as 13 or less compounds, such as 12 or less compounds, such as 11 or less compounds, such as 10 or less compounds, such as 9 or less compounds, such as 8 or less compounds, such as 7 or less compounds, such as 6 or less compounds, such as 5 or less compounds. Aerosolisable or Vaporisable Formulation
  • an aerosolisable formulation for an aerosol provision system comprising the consumable as defined herein, a carrier or a binder, and optionally nicotine.
  • the formulation comprises the consumable as defined herein, a carrier and nicotine.
  • the formulation comprises the consumable as defined herein, a binder and nicotine.
  • a vaporisable formulation for a vapour provision system comprising the consumable as defined herein, and a substrate material as defined herein.
  • the formulation comprises the consumable in an amount of at least about 1 % by weight, such as at least about 5 wt% by weight, or even at least about 10 wt% by weight.
  • the consumable may be present in the formulation in an amount of no greater than about 25% by weight, such as no greater than about 20% by weight, or even no greater than about 15 wt% by weight.
  • the consumable may be present in the formulation in an amount of from about 1 % by weight to about 25% by weight, such as from about 5 wt% by weight to about 20% by weight, even from about 10% by weight to about 15% by weight.
  • the aerosolisable formulation or vaporisable formulation may take various forms including a gel, a liquid or a solid.
  • the aerosolisable formulation is a liquid.
  • the aerosolisable formulation is a gel.
  • the consumable is in the form of a liquid or gel.
  • the aerosolisable formulation may be described as an aerosolgenerating material and may be an “amorphous solid”.
  • the amorphous solid is a “monolithic solid”.
  • the aerosol-generating material may be non-fibrous or fibrous.
  • the aerosol-generating material may be a dried gel.
  • the aerosolgenerating material may be a solid material that may retain some fluid, such as liquid, within it.
  • the retained fluid may be water (such as water absorbed from the surroundings of the aerosol-generating material) or the retained fluid may be solvent (such as when the aerosol-generating material is formed from a slurry).
  • the solvent may be water.
  • the aerosol generating material may comprise, or be, a collection of individual sheets of material.
  • the aerosol generating material may comprise a sheet comprising a fibrous material comprising a botanical material, such as tobacco material.
  • the sheet may be in the form of a wrapper; it may be gathered to form a gathered sheet or it may be shredded to form a shredded sheet.
  • the shredded sheet may comprise one or more strands or strips of aerosol generating material.
  • the aerosol-generating material is in the form of a gathered sheet, elongate strips, or a shredded sheet.
  • the shredded sheet comprises a plurality (e.g. two or more) strands or strips of the aerosol-generating material.
  • the dimensions of each strand or strip may vary between different strands or strips.
  • the shredded sheet may comprise a first population of strands or strips and a second population of strands or strips, wherein the dimensions of the strands or strips of the first population are different to the dimensions of the strands or strips of the second population.
  • the plurality of strands or strips may comprise a first population of strands or strips having a first aspect ratio and a second population of strands or strips having a second aspect ratio that is different to the first aspect ratio.
  • a first dimension, or cut width, of the strands or strips of aerosolisable material is between 0.9 mm and 1.5 mm.
  • the pressure drop across the article may be increased to a level that renders the article unsuitable for use in a non-combustible aerosol-provision device.
  • the strands or strips have a cut width above 2 mm (e.g. greater than 2 mm)
  • the cut width of the strands or strips of aerosolisable material is between about 1 mm and 1.5 mm.
  • the consumable as defined herein could be incorporated into these materials by spraying onto the sheet/shreds/strands or they could be incorporated into the slurry during their manufacture (not for leaf, though, which comes from the field and is processed, shredded and blended.
  • Carrier
  • the carrier of the formulation may be any suitable solvent such that the formulation can be vaporised for use.
  • the solvent is selected from the solvents discussed above for the substrate material.
  • the solvent is selected from glycerol, propylene glycol, water, and mixtures thereof.
  • the solvent is selected from glycerol, propylene glycol and mixtures thereof.
  • the solvent is at least glycerol.
  • the solvent consists essentially of glycerol.
  • the solvent consists of glycerol.
  • the solvent is at least propylene glycol.
  • the solvent consists essentially of propylene glycol.
  • the solvent consists of propylene glycol. In some embodiments the solvent is at least a mixture of propylene glycol and glycerol. In some embodiments the solvent consists essentially of a mixture of propylene glycol and glycerol. In some embodiments the solvent consists of a mixture of propylene glycol and glycerol.
  • the carrier of the formulation may be present in any suitable amount. In some embodiments the carrier is present in an amount of about 50 wt% or more. In some embodiments the carrier is present in an amount of about 70 wt% or more, based on the total weight of the formulation. In some embodiments the carrier is present in an amount of about 50 to about 99 wt% based on the total weight of the formulation, such as about 60 to about 98 wt% based on the formulation, even about 70 to about 95 wt% based on the formulation.
  • the formulation is a liquid and comprises about 1% to about 25% by weight of the consumable, about 50 to about 99% by weight of the carrier, and optionally nicotine, such as about 5 wt% by weight to about 20% by weight of the consumable, about 60% to about 98% by weight of the carrier, and optionally nicotine, even about 10% by weight to about 15% by weight of the consumable, about 70% to about 95% by weight of the carrier, and optionally nicotine.
  • the formulation or material may be present on or in a carrier which acts as a support.
  • the carrier may function as a support on which the aerosol-generating material is formed, thereby easing manufacture.
  • the carrier may also provide rigidity to the aerosol-generating material, easing handling.
  • the carrier may be any suitable material which can be used to support an aerosolgenerating material.
  • the carrier may be formed from materials selected from metal foil, paper, carbon paper, greaseproof paper, ceramic, carbon allotropes, such as graphite and graphene, plastic, cardboard, wood or combinations thereof.
  • the carrier may be formed from materials selected from metal foil, paper, cardboard, wood or combinations thereof.
  • the carrier comprises paper.
  • the carrier itself may be a laminate structure comprising layers of materials selected from the preceding lists.
  • the carrier may also function as a flavour support.
  • the carrier may be impregnated with a flavourant.
  • the carrier may also function as a support for the consumable defined herein (which, as noted herein, may be considered a ‘flavour block’).
  • Nicotine may be provided in any suitable amount depending on the desired dosage when the formulation is aerosolised and inhaled by the user. In some embodiments nicotine is present in an amount of no greater than about 6 wt% based on the total weight of the formulation. In some embodiments nicotine is present in an amount of from about 0.1 to about 6 wt% based on the total weight of the formulation, such as from about 0.5 to about 6 wt% based on the total weight of the formulation, even about 0.5 to about 5 wt% based on the total weight of the formulation.
  • the aerosolisable formulation is a liquid and may comprise about 1% to about 25% by weight of the consumable, where the consumable is defined according to the embodiments above, about 50 to about 99 wt% of the carrier, and about 0.1 to about 6 wt% of nicotine. In some embodiments the aerosolisable formulation is a liquid and may comprise about 5% by weight to about 20% by weight of the consumable, where the consumable is defined according to the embodiments above, about 60 to about 98 wt% of the carrier, and about 0.5 to about 6 wt% of nicotine.
  • the aerosolisable formulation is a liquid and may comprise about 10% by weight to about 15% by weight of the consumable, where the consumable is defined according to the embodiments above, about 70 to about 95 wt% of the carrier, and about 0.5 to about 5 wt% of nicotine.
  • the formulation may contain one or more acids in addition to nicotine (as the active agent).
  • the one or more acids may be one or more organic acids.
  • the one or more acids may be one or more organic acids selected from the group consisting of benzoic acid, levulinic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, succinic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • the one or more acids may provide a formulation in which the nicotine is at least partially in protonated (such as monoprotonated and/or diprotonated) form.
  • the one or more acids comprises benzoic acid and/or levulinic acid.
  • the one or more acids comprises benzoic acid.
  • an aerosolisable formulation comprising the consumable as defined herein, one or more binders, and optionally a botanical material.
  • the binder consists of one or more gelling agent(s).
  • the aerosolisable formulation comprises from about 2 wt% to about 80 wt% binder(s), for example from about 5 wt%, 7 wt%, 10 wt%, 15 wt%, 17 wt%, 20 wt%, or 25 wt% to about 70 wt%, 60 wt%, 50 wt%, 45 wt%, 40 wt%, 35 wt% or 30 wt% of one or more binders (all calculated on a dry weight basis).
  • the aerosolisable formulation may comprise about 5-70 wt%, 7-60 wt%, 10-50 wt%, 15-45 wt%, 17-40 wt%, 20-35 wt% or 25-30 wt% of the binder(s).
  • the one or more binders comprises one or more gelling agent(s). In some embodiments, the one or more binders consist of one or more gelling agent(s). In some embodiments, the gelling agent comprises a hydrocolloid.
  • the one or more binders comprises (or is) one or more compounds selected from polysaccharide gelling agents, such as alginate, pectin, starch or a derivative thereof, cellulose or a derivative thereof, pullulan, carrageenan, agar and agarose; gelatin; gums, such as xanthan gum, guar gum and acacia gum; silica or silicone compounds, such as PDMS and sodium silicate; clays, such as kaolin; and polyvinyl alcohol.
  • polysaccharide gelling agents such as alginate, pectin, starch or a derivative thereof, cellulose or a derivative thereof, pullulan, carrageenan, agar and agarose
  • gelatin such as xanthan gum, guar gum and acacia gum
  • silica or silicone compounds such as PDMS and sodium silicate
  • clays such as kaolin
  • polyvinyl alcohol polyvinyl alcohol
  • the one or more binders comprises (or is) one or more polysaccharide gelling agents.
  • the polysaccharide gelling agent is selected from alginate, pectin, starch or a derivative thereof, or cellulose or a derivative thereof. In some embodiments the polysaccharide gelling agent is selected from alginate and a cellulose derivative.
  • the one or more binders is a polysaccharide gelling agent, optionally wherein the polysaccharide gelling agent is selected from alginate and a cellulose derivative.
  • the polysaccharide gelling agent is alginate.
  • the alginate is sodium alginate.
  • the polysaccharide gelling agent is a cellulose derivative. Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that such gelling agents do not react with calcium ions to form crosslinks. In some embodiments the binder is not cross-linked. The absence of crosslinks in the gelling agent may facilitate quicker delivery of the consumable (and any optional additional active substances and/or flavours) from the aerosolisable formulation.
  • cellulosic binders also referred to herein as cellulosic gelling agents or cellulose derivatives
  • cellulosic binders include, but are not limited to, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), and cellulose acetate propionate (CAP).
  • the cellulose or derivative thereof is selected from hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate (CA), cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), and cellulose acetate propionate (CAP).
  • CMC carboxymethylcellulose
  • HPMC hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
  • CAP cellulose acetate propionate
  • the cellulose derivative is CMC.
  • the binder comprises (or is) one or more of alginate, pectin, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, pullulan, xanthan gum, guar gum, carrageenan, agarose, acacia gum, fumed silica, PDMS, sodium silicate, kaolin and polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the binder comprises (or is) one or more of hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, guar gum, acacia gum, alginate and/or pectin.
  • the binder comprises (or is) alginate and/or pectin, and may be combined with a setting agent (such as a calcium source) during formation of the aerosolisable formulation.
  • a setting agent such as a calcium source
  • the binder may comprise a calcium-cross-linked alginate and/or a calcium-cross-linked pectin.
  • the binder comprises (or is) alginate, optionally wherein the alginate is present in the aerosolisable formulation in an amount of from about 5-70 wt%, 7-60 wt%, 10-50 wt%, or 15-45 wt%, of the aerosolisable formulation (calculated on a dry weight basis).
  • alginate is the only binder present in the aerosolisable formulation.
  • the binder comprises alginate and at least one further binder, such as pectin.
  • the binder is carboxymethylcellulose, optionally wherein the carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) is present in an amount of about 2-80 wt%, for example about 5-70 wt%, 10-60 wt%, 15-50 wt%, 17-45 wt%, 20-40 wt% or about 30 wt%.
  • CMC is the only binder present in the aerosolisable formulation.
  • the aerosolisable formulation with one or more binders may be in the form of aerosolgenerating material as defined above.
  • the aerosol-generating material may comprise one or more binders and an aerosol-former material.
  • the aerosol-former material may be as defined above and may be present in an amount of from about 1wt%, 5wt%, 10wt%, 12wt% or 13wt% to about 18wt%, 20wt%, 25wt%, 30wt%, 35wt%, 45wt%, 55wt%, 65wt%, 15 75wt% or 80wt% of an aerosol-former material (all calculated on a dry weight basis).
  • the aerosol-generating material comprises from about 1 to about 80 wt%, from about 1 to about 50 wt%, from about 5 to about 35 wt%, from about 10 to about 25 wt%, from about 12 to about 20 wt% or from about 13 to about 18 wt% of an aerosol-former material (all calculated on a dry weight basis).
  • the aerosol-former material may comprise one or more of glycerol, propylene glycol, 1 ,3-propanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1 ,3-butylene glycol, erythritol, meso-Erythritol, ethyl vanillate, ethyl laurate, a diethyl suberate, triethyl citrate, triacetin, a diacetin mixture, benzyl benzoate, benzyl phenyl acetate, tributyrin, lauryl acetate, lauric acid, myristic acid, and propylene carbonate.
  • the aerosol-former material comprises one or more polyhydric alcohols, such as propylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1 ,3-butanediol and glycerine esters of polyhydric alcohols, such as glycerol mono-, di- or triacetate; and/or aliphatic esters of mono, di- or polycarboxylic acids, such as dimethyl dodecanedioate and dimethyl tetradecanedioate
  • the aerosol-former material may comprise glycerol and/or propylene glycol.
  • the aerosolisable formulation may further comprise a filler.
  • a filler may help to reduce tackiness of the aerosolisable formulation, for example if high levels of aerosol-former material are present.
  • the aerosolisable formulation comprises from about 2 wt% to about 60 wt% binder and any optional filler.
  • filler is present in an amount of less than about 50 wt% of a filler, such as from about 1 wt% to 50 wt%, or 5 wt% to 40 wt%, or 5 wt% to 30 wt%, or 10 wt% to 20 wt%. In other embodiments, filler is present in an amount of less than 20 wt%, suitably less than 10 wt% or less than 5 wt%. In some cases, the aerosolisable formulation comprises less than 1 wt% of a filler, and in some cases, comprises no filler.
  • the filler may comprise one or more inorganic filler materials, such as calcium carbonate, perlite, vermiculite, diatomaceous earth, colloidal silica, magnesium oxide, magnesium sulphate, magnesium carbonate, and suitable inorganic sorbents, such as molecular sieves.
  • the filler may comprise one or more organic filler materials such as wood pulp; tobacco pulp; hemp fibre; starch and starch derivatives, such as maltodextrin; chitosan; and cellulose and cellulose derivatives, such as ground cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose and nanocrystalline cellulose.
  • the aerosolisable formulation comprises no calcium carbonate such as chalk.
  • the filler is fibrous.
  • the filler may be a fibrous organic filler material such as wood pulp, tobacco pulp, hemp fibre, cellulose or cellulose derivatives.
  • the fibrous organic filler material may be wood pulp, hemp fibre, cellulose or cellulose derivatives.
  • the fibrous filler is wood pulp.
  • the aerosolisable formulation includes a botanical material.
  • botanical includes any material derived from plants including, but not limited to, extracts, leaves, bark, fibres, stems, roots, seeds, flowers, fruits, pollen, husk, shells or the like.
  • the material may comprise an active compound naturally existing in a botanical, obtained synthetically.
  • the material may be in the form of liquid, gas, solid, powder, dust, crushed particles, granules, pellets, shreds, strips, sheets, or the like.
  • the mint may be chosen from the following mint varieties: Mentha Arventis, Mentha c.v., Mentha niliaca, Mentha piperita, Mentha piperita citrata c.v., Mentha piperita c.v, Mentha spicata crispa, Mentha cardifolia, Memtha longifolia, Mentha suaveolens variegata, Mentha pulegium, Mentha spicata c.v. and Mentha suaveolens.
  • the botanical is tobacco. In some embodiments, the botanical is selected from eucalyptus, star anise, cocoa and hemp. In some embodiments, the botanical is selected from rooibos and fennel.
  • the aerosolisable formulation may comprise one or more further constituents.
  • one or more further constituents may be selected from one or more active agents, and/or one or more functional constituents.
  • the active agent is a physiologically active agent and may be selected from nicotine, nicotine salts (e.g. nicotine ditartrate/nicotine bitartrate), nicotine-free tobacco substitutes, other alkaloids such as caffeine, or mixtures thereof.
  • the aerosolisable formulation is nicotine- free meaning that no nicotine is included in the aerosolisable formulation.
  • active agent it is meant an agent which has a biological effect, such as sensorial and/or physiological effect, on a subject when the aerosol is inhaled.
  • active agent it is meant an agent which has a physiological effect on a subject when the aerosol is inhaled.
  • the active may be a flavour.
  • the active agent may also be selected from nutraceuticals, nootropics, psychoactives and sensates. In some embodiments, the active agent is selected from nutraceuticals, nootropics and psychoactives.
  • the active substance may be naturally occurring or synthetically obtained.
  • the active agent may comprise for example nicotine, caffeine, taurine, theine, vitamins such as B6 or B12 or C, melatonin, cannabinoids, or constituents, derivatives, or combinations thereof.
  • the active agent may comprise one or more constituents, derivatives or extracts of tobacco, cannabis or another botanical.
  • the active agent comprises caffeine, melatonin or vitamin B12.
  • the one or more active agents may be selected from nicotine, botanicals, and mixtures thereof.
  • the one or more active agents may be of synthetic or natural origin.
  • the active could be an extract from a botanical, such as from a plant in the tobacco family as discussed above.
  • the active agent is at least nicotine.
  • the active agent consists of nicotine and/or salts thereof as discussed above.
  • the active agent may comprise one or more constituents, derivatives or extracts of cannabis, such as one or more cannabinoids or terpenes.
  • Cannabinoids are a class of natural or synthetic chemical compounds that act on cannabinoid receptors (i.e. , CB1 and CB2) in cells that repress neurotransmitter release in the brain.
  • Cannabinoids are cyclic molecules exhibiting particular properties such as the ability to cross the blood-brain barrier with ease.
  • Cannabinoids may be naturally occurring (phytocannabinoids) from plants such as cannabis, (endocannabinoids) from animals, or artificially manufactured (synthetic cannabinoids).
  • Cannabis species express at least 85 different phytocannabinoids, and these may be divided into subclasses, including cannabigerols, cannabichromenes, cannabidiols, tetrahydrocannabinols, cannabinols and cannabinodiols, and other cannabinoids, such as cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), including its isomers A6a,10a-tetrahydrocannabinol (A6a,10a-THC), A6a(7)- tetrahydrocannabinol (A6a(7)-THC), A8-tetrahydrocannabinol (A8-THC), A9- tetrahydrocannabinol (A9-THC), A10-tetrahydrocannabinol (A10-THC),
  • cannabidiol CBD
  • THC tetrahydrocannabinol
  • CBN cannabinol
  • cannabinoids such as cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabinol (CBN)
  • CBD cannabidiol
  • THC tetrahydrocannabinol
  • CBN cannabinol
  • CBD may oxidise and degrade when exposed to light and/or air to form cannabidiol hydroxyquinone (CBDHQ or HU-331) and its isomeric or functional derivatives.
  • CBD may be converted to A9-tetrahydrocannabinol (A9-THC) in response to variations in temperature and/or pH.
  • A9-THC A9-tetrahydrocannabinol
  • the cannabinoid is a synthetic cannabinoid.
  • the cannabinoid is added to the material in the form of an isolate.
  • An isolate is an extract from a plant, such as a cannabis plant.
  • the cannabinoid(s) of interest are typically present in a high degree of purity, for example greater than 95%, greater than 96%, greater than 97%, greater than 98%, or around 99% purity.
  • a synthetic cannabinoid is one which has been derived from a chemical synthesis as opposed to being isolated from a plant or biological source.
  • the cannabinoid(s) of interest are selected from cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidiol (CBD), tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), including its isomers A6a,10a-tetrahydrocannabinol (A6a,10a-THC), A6a(7)-tetrahydrocannabinol (A6a(7)-THC), A8-tetrahydrocannabinol (A8-THC), A9-tetrahydrocannabinol (A9-THC), A10- tetrahydrocannabinol (A10-THC), A9,11 -tetrahydrocannabinol (A9,11-THC), cannabinol (CBN) and cannabinodiol (CBDL), cannabicyclol (CBL), cannabivarin (CBV), t
  • CBG canna
  • the cannabinoid(s) of interest are selected from cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), cannabidiol (CBD), A8-tetrahydrocannabinol (A8-THC), A9- tetrahydrocannabinol (A9-THC) and cannabinol (CBN).
  • CBD cannabigerol
  • CBC cannabichromene
  • CBD cannabidiol
  • A9-THC A9- tetrahydrocannabinol
  • CBN cannabinol
  • the formulation When nicotine is present in the formulation, it may be present in protonated and/or unprotonated form.
  • the formulation comprises nicotine in unprotonated form and nicotine in monoprotonated form. It may also be that small amounts of diprotonated nicotine are present.
  • the formulation comprises nicotine in unprotonated form, nicotine in monoprotonated form and nicotine in diprotonated form.
  • the acid is selected from the group consisting of acetic acid, benzoic acid, levulinic acid, lactic acid, formic acid, citric acid, pyruvic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, oleic acid, sorbic acid, propionic acid, phenylacetic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • the acid is benzoic acid and/or levulinic acid.
  • the acid is benzoic acid.
  • the flavour may be added to the aerosolisable formulation as part of a so-called “flavour block”, where one or more flavours are blended together and then added to the aerosolisable material.
  • the “flavour block” may be in addition to the consumable defined above, which may itself be a “flavour block”.
  • a flavouring agent may be included in the formulation in an amount up to about 10% by weight, such as up to about 5% by weight, such as up to about 1% by weight of the formulation.
  • a flavouring agent is present in an amount of from about 0.01% to about 5% by weight, preferably in an amount of from about 0.1 % to about 2.5% by weight of the formulation, and more preferably in an amount of from about 0.25% to about 1% by weight of the formulation.
  • the aerosolisable material comprises less than 12%w/w water. In some embodiments, the aerosolisable material comprises less than 11%w/w water. In some embodiments, the aerosolisable material comprises less than 10%w/w water. In some embodiments, the aerosolisable material comprises less than 5%w/w water. In some embodiments, the aerosolisable material comprises less than 1%w/w water. In some embodiments, the aerosolisable material comprises less than 0.5%w/w water. In some embodiments, the aerosolisable material comprises substantially no water.
  • Such embodiments may also be defined with the concentration of consumable, carrier, and/or nicotine according to the embodiments above. It will be appreciated that such features are not repeated here for conciseness.
  • the aerosolisable formulation embodiments include the consumable as defined herein, it will be appreciated that the components of the consumable are as defined above. This definition is not repeated here for conciseness but is equally applicable to the description of the aerosolisable formulation.
  • the present disclosure provides a substance delivery system comprising the consumable defined herein or the article (e.g. container or package) defined herein.
  • the substance delivery system can be implemented as a combustible aerosol provision system, a non-combustible aerosol provision system or an aerosol-free delivery system.
  • Combustible aerosol provision systems include cigarettes, cigarillos, cigars, and tobacco for pipes or for roll- your-own or for make-your-own cigarettes (whether based on tobacco, tobacco derivatives, expanded tobacco, reconstituted tobacco, tobacco substitutes or other smokeable material); and aerosol-free delivery systems are those that deliver the at least one substance to a user orally, nasally, transdermally or in another way without forming an aerosol, including but not limited to, lozenges, gums, patches, articles comprising inhalable powders, vapour provision systems that provide vapour as opposed to aerosol, and oral products such as oral tobacco which includes snus or moist snuff, wherein the at least one substance may or may not comprise nicotine.
  • an article comprising the aerosolisable or vaporisable formulation as defined herein.
  • the article may be a container, such as a bottle, or may be a component for use with an aerosol or vapour provision device.
  • the article may comprise an area (store) for receiving the aerosolisable or vaporisable formulation defined herein, an aerosol or vapour generating component, an aerosol or vapour generating area, and optionally a mouthpiece.
  • an article for use with an aerosol or vapour provision system comprising a store comprising an aerosolisable or vaporisable formulation as defined herein, an aerosol or vapour generating component (such as, but not limited to, a heater), an aerosol or vapour generating area, a transport element, and a mouthpiece.
  • Aerosolisable or vaporisable material may be transferred from the store for receiving an aerosolisable or vaporisable material to the aerosol or vapour generating component via a transport element, such as a wick, pump or the like.
  • transport elements such as wicks, formed from fibrous materials, foamed materials, sintered materials, woven and non-woven materials.
  • An airflow pathway typically extends through the article (optionally via the device) to an outlet.
  • the pathway is oriented such that generated aerosol or vapour is entrained in the airflow such that it can be delivered to the outlet for inhalation by a user.
  • the aerosol generating component is a heater.
  • the area for receiving an aerosolisable or vaporisable material will allow for the article to be refilled with aerosolisable or vaporisable material as the aerosolisable or vaporisable material is depleted during use.
  • an aerosol provision system comprising an aerosol provision device and an article as defined herein.
  • the aerosol provision system is preferably non-combustible.
  • a non-combustible aerosol provision system is a system that releases compounds from an aerosol-generating material without combusting the aerosol-generating material, such as electronic cigarettes, tobacco heating products, and hybrid systems to generate aerosol using a combination of aerosol-generating materials.
  • a “non-combustible” aerosol provision system is one where a constituent aerosol-generating material of the aerosol provision system (or component thereof) is not combusted or burned in order to facilitate delivery of at least one substance to a user.
  • the system may heat an aerosol-generating material or aerosolisable formulation or consumable thereof to a temperature of at least about 200°C.
  • the aerosol provision system generates aerosol by heating to a temperature of about 250°C to about 400°C.
  • the aerosol provision system may also be referenced herein as an aerosol delivery system.
  • the delivery system is a non-combustible aerosol provision system, such as a powered non-combustible aerosol provision system.
  • the non-combustible aerosol provision system is an electronic cigarette, also known as a vaping device or electronic nicotine delivery system (END), although it is noted that the presence of nicotine in the aerosol-generating material is not a requirement.
  • the non-combustible aerosol provision system is an aerosolgenerating material heating system, also known as a heat-not-burn system.
  • a heat-not-burn system is a tobacco heating system.
  • the non-combustible aerosol provision system is a hybrid system to generate aerosol using a combination of aerosol-generating materials, one or a plurality of which may be heated.
  • Each of the aerosol-generating materials may be, for example, in the form of a solid, liquid or gel and may or may not contain nicotine.
  • the hybrid system comprises a liquid or gel aerosol-generating material and a solid aerosol-generating material.
  • the solid aerosol-generating material may comprise, for example, tobacco or a non-tobacco product.
  • the non-combustible aerosol provision system such as a non-combustible aerosol provision device thereof, may comprise a power source and a controller.
  • the power source may, for example, be an electric power source or an exothermic power source.
  • the exothermic power source comprises a carbon substrate which may be energised so as to distribute power in the form of heat to an aerosol-generating material or to a heat transfer material in proximity to the exothermic power source.
  • Figure 1 is a highly schematic diagram (not to scale) of an example aerosol provision system, such as an e-cigarette 10, to which embodiments are applicable although not limited.
  • the e-cigarette has a generally cylindrical shape, extending along a longitudinal axis indicated by a dashed line (although aspects of the invention are applicable to e-cigarettes configured in other shapes and arrangements), and comprises two main components, namely an aerosol provision device 20 and an article 30.
  • the wick may be formed a sintered material.
  • the sintered material may comprise sintered ceramic, sintered metal fibers/powders, or a combination of the two.
  • the (or at least one of/all of the) sintered wick(s) may have deposited thereon/embedded therein an electrically resistive heater.
  • Such a heater may be formed from heat conducting alloys such as NiCr alloys.
  • the sintered material may have such electrical properties such that when a current is passed there through, it is heated.
  • the aerosol generating component and the wick may be considered to be integrated.
  • the aerosol generating component and the wick are formed from the same material and form a single component.
  • the wick may be made of a homogenous, granular, fibrous or flocculent sintered metal(s) so as to form said capillary structure.
  • Wick elements can be made from a conductive material which is a nonwoven sintered porous web structure comprising metal fibres, such as fibres of stainless steel.
  • the stainless steel may be AISI (American Iron and Steel Institute) 316L (corresponding to European standard 1.4404).
  • the material’s weight may be in the range of 100 - 300 g/m 2 .
  • the thickness of the wick may be in the range of 75 - 250 pm.
  • a typical fibre diameter may be about 12 pm, and a typical mean pore size (size of the voids between the fibres) may be about 32 pm.
  • An example of a material of this type is Bekipor (RTM) ST porous metal fibre media manufactured by NV Bekaert SA, Belgium, being a range of porous nonwoven fibre matrix materials made by sintering stainless steel fibres.
  • wick may be flat but might alternatively be formed from sheet material into a non-flat shape such as curved, rippled, corrugated, ridged, formed into a tube or otherwise made concave and/or convex.
  • the wick it is useful for the wick to have sufficient rigidity to support itself in a required within the article. For example, it may be mounted at or near one or two edges and be required to maintain its position substantially without flexing, bending or sagging.
  • porous sintered ceramic is a useful material to use as the wick element. Any ceramic with appropriate porosity may be used. If porous ceramic is chosen as the porous wick material, this is available as a powder which can be formed into a solid by sintering (heating to cause coalescence, possibly under applied pressure). Sintering then solidifies the ceramic to create the porous wick.
  • the article 30 further includes a mouthpiece 35 having an opening through which a user may inhale the aerosol generated by the vaporizer 15.
  • the aerosol for inhalation may be described as an aerosol stream or inhalable airstream.
  • the aerosol delivery device 20 includes a power source (a re-chargeable cell or battery 14, referred to herein after as a battery) to provide power for the e-cigarette 10, and a controller (printed circuit board (PCB)) 28 and/or other electronics for generally controlling the e-cigarette 10.
  • the aerosol delivery device can therefore also be considered as a battery section, or a control unit or section.
  • the controller will determine that a user has initiated a request for the generation of an aerosol. This could be done via a button on the device which sends a signal to the controller that the aerosol generator should be powered.
  • a sensor located in or proximal to the airflow pathway could detect airflow through the airflow pathway and convey this detection to the controller.
  • a sensor may also be present in addition to the presence of a button, as the sensor may be used to determine certain usage characteristics, such as airflow, timing of aerosol generation etc.
  • the heater 36 when the heater 36 receives power from the battery 14, as controlled by the circuit board 28 possibly in response to pressure changes detected by an air pressure sensor (not shown), the heater 36 vaporizes aerosolisable material delivered by the wick 37 to generate the aerosol, and this aerosol stream is then inhaled by a user through the opening in the mouthpiece 35.
  • the aerosol is carried from the aerosol source to the mouthpiece 35 along an air channel (not shown in Figure 1) that connects the aerosol source to the mouthpiece opening as a user inhales on the mouthpiece.
  • the device 20 and article 30 are detachable from one another by separation in a direction parallel to the longitudinal axis, as shown in Figure 1 , but are joined together when the system 10 is in use by cooperating engagement elements 21 , 31 (for example, a screw, magnetic or bayonet fitting) to provide mechanical and electrical connectivity between the device 20 and the article 30, in particular connecting the heater 36 to the battery 14.
  • the battery may be charged as is known to one skilled in the art.
  • the article comprises/forms a sealed container.
  • the sealed container may be hermetically sealed.
  • the hermetically sealed container may comprise a blister pack with one or more hermetically sealed compartments for storage of one or more articles comprising the aerosolisable formulation described herein.
  • the sealed container mentioned above may be formed from a material which inhibits/prevents the passage of ultra violet light there through. This may be in addition to said sealed container being hermetically sealed and/or comprising a blister pack with one or more hermetically sealed compartments for storage of one or more articles comprising the aerosolisable material described herein.
  • a process for forming an aerosol or a vapour comprising providing an aerosolisable or vaporisable formulation as defined herein and aerosolising or vaporising the formulation.
  • the process may alternatively comprise providing the aerosol provision system or vapour provision system defined herein and aerosolising or vaporising the formulation or consumable in the system.
  • a consumable as defined herein to modify at least one sensory property of an aerosolisable or vaporisable formulation, such as wherein the sensory property is flavour, and the flavour is modified relative to the formulation without the consumable.
  • a consumable as defined herein to modify aroma of an aerosolisable or vaporisable formulation, wherein the aroma is modified relative to the formulation without the consumable.
  • the aroma is modified to replicate smoking a combustible tobacco product (e.g. a cigarette).
  • the aroma may be described as tobacco-like.
  • the use of a consumable as defined herein to modify the tobacco flavour intensity of an aerosolisable or vaporisable formulation comprises increasing the tobacco flavour intensity of the aerosolisable or vaporisable formulation relative to the formulation without the consumable.
  • the use comprises modifying or improving taste of the formulation to replicate smoking a combustible tobacco product (e.g. a cigarette). In some embodiments the use comprises modifying or improving mouthfeel of the formulation to replicate smoking a combustible tobacco product (e.g. a cigarette). In some embodiments the use comprises modifying or improving saturation to replicate smoking a combustible tobacco product (e.g. a cigarette). In some embodiments the use comprises modifying or improving aftertaste to replicate smoking a combustible tobacco product (e.g. a cigarette). In some embodiments the use comprises modifying or improving nicotine hit to replicate smoking a combustible tobacco product (e.g. a cigarette).
  • the use comprises modifying or improving impact to replicate smoking a combustible tobacco product (e.g. a cigarette). In some embodiments the use comprises modifying or improving in-smoking experience to replicate smoking a combustible tobacco product (e.g. a cigarette). In some embodiments the use comprises improving nicotine sensation to replicate smoking a combustible tobacco product (e.g. a cigarette).
  • the aerosolisable or vaporisable formulation may be characterized according to the features and embodiments defined herein for the formulation and/or consumable.
  • a trained sensory panel is a team of trained assessors who define the sensory attributes (e.g. flavour including taste and aroma, mouthfeel and/or in-smoking experience) which best describe products that are being evaluated.
  • the trained sensory panel ideally consists of smokers and/or dualists (i.e. users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes).
  • the present disclosure further provides a consumable for an aerosolisable or vaporisable formulation, wherein the consumable comprises (a) an aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, an aliphatic aldehyde, or a combination thereof; and (b) at least two further compounds selected from substituted pyrroles, substituted furans, substituted furanones, substituted pyridines, substituted pyrazines, rose ketones, acyclic monoterpenoids, and trisulfides, wherein the consumable does not include a sweetener.
  • the consumable comprises (a) an aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, an aliphatic aldehyde, or a combination thereof; and (b) at least two further compounds selected from substituted pyrroles, substituted furans, substituted furanones, substituted pyridines, substituted pyrazines, rose ketones, acyclic monoterpenoids, and trisulfides, wherein the consumable does
  • the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, aliphatic aldehyde, substituted pyrrole, substituted furan, substituted furanones, substituted pyridine, substituted pyrazine, rose ketone, acyclic monoterpenoid, and trisulfide are as defined hereinabove.
  • the formulation similarly does not include a sweetener.
  • the consumable and formulation may be described as “sweetener- free”.
  • binding of sweet substances to the sweet receptors actives trimeric G protein(s) and generates second messengers in taste cells. Both cyclic AMP and calcium may act as second messengers.
  • the sweetener and receptor(s) involves several molecular interactions (e.g., van der Waals, electrostatic, hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic, and others) and physical-chemical complementarity among the receptor(s) and the sweetener.
  • the protein structure file (receptor(s)) may be retrieved from the Protein Data Bank and has been described using x-ray diffraction. The details are as follows:
  • Active site pockets of a protein molecule are the sites where the sweeteners bind to a protein.
  • the skilled person will understand how to determine whether a compound binds to the active site pockets of T1 R2 and/or T1 R3. These experiments may, for example, involve the use of a HEK-based (Human embryonic kidney 293 cells) calcium fluorescence imaging assay as described and employed in Winnig et al., BMC Structural Biology 2007, 7:66 with reference to neohesperidin dihydrochalcone.
  • (a) is 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and (b) comprises at least two compounds selected from 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, dimethyl trisulphide, and geraniol.
  • (a) is 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, and (b) comprises 2-ethyl-3,5- dimethylpyrazine, and geraniol, optionally wherein (b) further comprises diethyl trisulphide.
  • the total amount of the compounds (a) and (b) may be about 0.01 wt% to about 10 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable. In some embodiments the total amount of the compounds (a) and (b) may be about 0.01 wt% to about 5 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the consumable may comprise an aerosol former material or a substrate material as defined herein.
  • the consumable comprises:
  • the consumable comprises:
  • the consumable comprises 4-propylphenol, 4-ethyl-2- methoxyphenol, and indole, and 2-furfurylthiol or sotolone.
  • the consumable comprises 75 wt% to about 99 wt% 4-propylphenol, 0.1 to about 30 wt% 4-ethyl- 2-methoxyphenol, and 0.1 to about 5 wt% indole, and 0.0001 wt% to about 0.1 wt% 2- furfurylthiol or 0.01 wt% to about 10 wt% sotolone.
  • the consumable comprises:
  • the consumable comprises:
  • the consumable comprises:
  • the consumable comprises 2-furfurylthiol, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 3-ethylphenol, and p-damascone. In some embodiments the consumable comprises 0.0001 wt% to about 0.1 wt% 2-furfurylthiol, 0.01 wt% to about 40 wt% 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 75 wt% to about 99 wt% 3-ethylphenol, and 0.1 to about 10 wt% p-damascone.
  • the consumable comprises:
  • the consumable comprises 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, 2,6- dimethoxyphenol, geraniol, and dimethyl trisulphide. In some embodiments the consumable comprises 0.01 wt% to about 15 wt% 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, 75 wt% to about 99 wt% 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, 0.1 wt% to about 5 wt% geraniol, and 0.0001 to about 0.1 wt% dimethyl trisulphide.
  • the consumable comprises:
  • a furan substituted with a sulphur-containing group optionally wherein the sulphur-containing group is an aliphatic thiol
  • the consumable comprises an aerosol former material, and:
  • an aliphatic aldehyde optionally wherein the aliphatic group is a C1.10 alkyl group
  • an aliphatic substituted pyridine optionally wherein the aliphatic groups are Ci- C10 alkyl groups
  • the consumable comprises:
  • the consumable comprises 2-furfurylthiol, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, furaneol, and 3-methylbutanal.
  • the consumable comprises 0.0001 wt% to about 0.1 wt% 2-furfurylthiol, 0.01 wt% to about 40 wt% 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 0.01 wt% to about 40 wt% 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, 15 to about 35 wt% furaneol, and 40 wt% to about 75 wt% 3-methylbutanal.
  • the sensorial focus areas were: impact, irritation, tobacco taste intensity, and mouthfeel. These areas represent consumer-specified differences between aerosol delivery devices and conventional cigarettes.
  • Consumables comprising compounds as described in Table 1 were prepared. In particular, stock solutions of individual compounds were obtained and aliquots of each stock solution were combined and brought up to a defined volume to achieve the target concentrations. The consumables as prepared are detailed in Table 2. These consumables were then formulated into aerosolisable formulations. The consumables were included at 10 wt% in the aerosolisable formulation along with at least 80 wt% of a PG/VG carrier and nicotine.
  • the sensory analysis was conducted by a trained sensory panel of 8 cigarette users and/or dualists. The panel were chosen for their expertise and knowledge in both design and sensory performance of conventional cigarettes. Samples were prepared according to the details in Table 2 and the panellists compared the sensory experience of each formulation against Tobacco Flavour e-liquid in an aerosol delivery device. The wt% values are relative to the total weight of the consumable. [0357] The same aerosol provision device was used for all formulations. This was a noncombustible aerosol provision device. The same instructions were provided to all participants. The only difference between each test was the formulation being used in the non-combustible aerosol provision device. All of the formulations included 18 mg/ml nicotine. Table 2
  • aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol is selected from propylphenol, ethylphenol, dimethoxyphenol, and ethylmethoxyphenol.
  • aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenols are selected from 4-propylphenol, 3-ethylphenol, 4-ethyl-2- methoxyphenol, or a combination thereof.
  • aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenols are a combination of 4-propylphenol and 4-ethyl-2-methoxyphenol.
  • the at least two further compounds are indole and 2-furfurylthiol, sotolone, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, or 2- ethyl,3-5-dimethylpyrazine.
  • the at least two further compounds are selected from 2-furfurylthiol, sotolone, 2,4-dimethylpyridine, 2- ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, furaneol, beta-damascone, dimethyl trisulphide or a combination thereof.
  • the at least two further compounds include sotolone, and a compound selected from 2-furfurylthiol, 2,4- dimethylpyridine, 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, furaneol, dimethyl trisulphide or a combination thereof.
  • the at least two further compounds comprise:
  • the consumable comprises alkoxy phenol and the at least two further compounds are selected from 2- ethyl-3,5-dimethylpyrazine, dimethyl trisulphide, and geraniol.
  • the consumable comprises less than about 0.75 wt% of the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, aliphatic aldehyde, or combination thereof.
  • the consumable comprises about 0.001 wt% to about 1 wt% of the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, aliphatic aldehyde, or combination thereof.
  • the consumable comprises about 0.005 wt% to about 1 wt% of the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, aliphatic aldehyde, or combination thereof.
  • the consumable comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 1 wt% of the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, aliphatic aldehyde, or combination thereof.
  • the consumable comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 0.75 wt% of the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, aliphatic aldehyde, or combination thereof.
  • the consumable comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt% of the aliphatic and/or alkoxy phenol, aliphatic aldehyde, or combination thereof.
  • the total amount of the at least two further compounds is about 0.0001 wt% to about 1 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the total amount of the at least two further compounds is about 0.001 wt% to about 1 wt%, based on the total weight of the consumable.
  • the consumable comprises less than about 0.25 wt% of the aliphatic phenol. 79. The consumable according to any preceding embodiment, wherein the consumable comprises about 0.001 wt% to about 1 wt% of the aliphatic phenol.
  • the consumable comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt% of the alkoxy phenol.
  • the consumable comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 0.25 wt% of the alkoxy phenol.
  • the consumable comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 0.75 wt% of the aliphatic aldehyde.
  • the consumable comprises about 0.01 wt% to about 0.5 wt% of the aliphatic aldehyde.
  • indole is present in an amount of less than 0.1 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the consumable further comprises an aerosol former material or a substrate material.
  • the aerosol former material comprises glycerol, propylene glycol and one or more of water, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1 ,3-butylene glycol, erythritol, meso- Erythritol, ethyl vanillate, ethyl laurate, a diethyl suberate, triethyl citrate, triacetin, a diacetin mixture, benzyl benzoate, benzyl phenyl acetate, tributyrin, lauryl acetate, lauric acid, myristic acid, propylene carbonate, ethanol and benzyl alcohol.
  • the aerosol former material comprises glycerol, propylene glycol and one or more of water, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, 1 ,3-butylene glycol, erythritol, meso- Erythrito
  • the aerosol former material consists of glycerol, propylene glycol, ethanol, benzyl alcohol, water and combinations thereof.
  • the aerosol former material consists of ethanol, benzyl alcohol and combinations thereof.
  • the aerosol former material comprises: 60 to 90 wt% propylene glycol; and 40 to 10 wt% glycerol.
  • the aerosol former material comprises: 70 to 80%w/w propylene glycol; and 30 to 20%w/w glycerol.
  • the consumable comprises aerosol former material in an amount of at least 70 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the consumable comprises aerosol former material in an amount of at least 80 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the consumable comprises aerosol former material in an amount of at least 90 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the consumable comprises aerosol former material in an amount of at least 95 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the consumable comprises aerosol former material in an amount of at least 99 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the consumable further comprises nicotine in an amount of less than 10 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the consumable further comprises nicotine in an amount of less than 5 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the consumable further comprises nicotine in an amount of less than 4 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the consumable further comprises nicotine in an amount of less than 2 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the consumable further comprises nicotine in an amount of less than 1 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the consumable further comprises nicotine in an amount of 0.01 to 10wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the consumable further comprises nicotine in an amount of 0.01 to 5 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the consumable further comprises nicotine in an amount of 0.01 to 4 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the consumable further comprises nicotine in an amount of 0.01 to 3 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the consumable further comprises nicotine in an amount of 0.01 to 2 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable.
  • the consumable further comprises nicotine in an amount of 0.01 to 1 wt% on the basis of the total mass of the consumable. 158. The consumable according to any preceding embodiment, wherein the consumable further comprises an acid.
  • the consumable according to embodiment 159, wherein the acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, benzoic acid, levulinic acid, lactic acid, sorbic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • the consumable according to embodiment 159 or 160, wherein the acid is selected from the group consisting of citric acid, benzoic acid, levulinic acid, and mixtures thereof.
  • An aerosolisable formulation for an aerosol provision system comprising the consumable according to any preceding embodiment, a carrier or a binder, and optionally nicotine.
  • aerosolisable formulation according to any of embodiments 172 to 176, wherein the formulation is in the form of a liquid or a gel.
  • An aerosol provision system comprising an aerosol provision device and an article according to any one of embodiments 178 to 182.
  • a process for forming an aerosol comprising providing the aerosolisable formulation as defined in any one of embodiments 172 to 177, or the aerosol provision system as defined in embodiment 183 or embodiment 184, and aerosolising the formulation in the system.

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Abstract

La présente divulgation concerne un consommable pour une formulation aérosolisable ou vaporisable, en particulier une formulation aérosolisable appropriée pour être utilisée avec un système de fourniture d'aérosol électronique tel qu'une cigarette électronique. La divulgation concerne également un système de distribution de substance comprenant le consommable. La présente divulgation concerne également l'utilisation dudit consommable, des récipients comprenant la formulation, et des procédés de génération d'un aérosol ou de vapeur à l'aide de la formulation.
PCT/GB2024/053194 2023-12-21 2024-12-20 Consommable pour une formulation aérosolisable Pending WO2025133636A1 (fr)

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