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WO2025128514A1 - Procédé et appareil pour maximiser l'efficacité et la longévité d'un système de stockage d'énergie - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour maximiser l'efficacité et la longévité d'un système de stockage d'énergie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025128514A1
WO2025128514A1 PCT/US2024/059303 US2024059303W WO2025128514A1 WO 2025128514 A1 WO2025128514 A1 WO 2025128514A1 US 2024059303 W US2024059303 W US 2024059303W WO 2025128514 A1 WO2025128514 A1 WO 2025128514A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
inverter
power
inverters
energy storage
active
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/US2024/059303
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jonathan List Ehlmann
Zhen Alex HUANG
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Enphase Energy Inc
Original Assignee
Enphase Energy Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Enphase Energy Inc filed Critical Enphase Energy Inc
Publication of WO2025128514A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025128514A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/46—Controlling of the sharing of output between the generators, converters, or transformers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/40—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation wherein a plurality of decentralised, dispersed or local energy generation technologies are operated simultaneously

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to energy storage systems and, in particular, to a method and apparatus for maximizing energy storage system efficiency and longevity.
  • a distributed energy generation system typically comprises a plurality of energy generators (e.g., solar panels, wind turbines, etc.), one or more power converters (e.g., optimizers, microinverters, inverters, etc.), and a service panel to connect the system to loads and/or a utility power grid.
  • energy generators e.g., solar panels, wind turbines, etc.
  • power converters e.g., optimizers, microinverters, inverters, etc.
  • a service panel to connect the system to loads and/or a utility power grid.
  • the solar panels are arranged in an array and positioned to maximize solar exposure.
  • Each solar panel or small groups of panels may be coupled to a power converter (so-called micro-inverters) or all the solar panels may be coupled to a single inverter via DC-DC optimizers.
  • the inverter(s) convert the DC power produced by the solar panels into AC power.
  • the AC power is coupled to the service panel for use by a facility (e.g., home or business), supplied to the power grid, and/or coupled to an optional storage element such that energy produced at one time is stored for use at a later time.
  • a facility e.g., home or business
  • Other forms of distributed energy generators include wind turbines arranged on a so-called wind farm.
  • Storage elements energy storage systems
  • the most common storage element is a battery pack (i.e., a plurality of battery cells) having at least one bidirectional inverter coupled to the service panel to supply the batteries with DC power as well as allow the batteries to discharge through the inverter to supply AC power to the facility when needed.
  • the battery energy storage systems may comprise a battery pack coupled to a plurality of inverters such that the inverters may share the power conversion load to ensure the BESS is always ready to produce the maximum amount of power.
  • BESS battery energy storage systems
  • FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of battery energy storage system (BESS) in accordance with at least one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 depicts a block diagram of a control system for the BESS of FIG. 1 in accordance with at least one embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 3 depicts a state diagram of a method that is performed upon executing an inverter control software in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • Embodiments of the present invention comprise apparatus and methods for maximizing battery energy storage system (BESS) efficiency and longevity.
  • Embodiments of the invention utilize an inverter controller to activate and deactivate a plurality of inverters to reduce inverter produced power losses within the BESS.
  • a BESS comprises a BESS controller and one or more batteries coupled to a plurality of bidirectional inverters, i.e., the inverters convert DC battery power to AC power to supply energy to loads (discharge mode) and convert AC power from an energy source to DC power to charge the batteries (charge mode).
  • Each inverter has a power loss that is a function of the amount of power being processed, temperature and the active/inactive state.
  • the controller controls the active and inactive state of each inverter to reduce overall system losses while continuing to meet the BESS’ energy supply requirements.
  • FIG. 1 depicts a block diagram of a BESS 100 in accordance with at least one embodiment of the invention.
  • the BESS100 comprises one or more batteries 102-1 , 102-2, ... 102-N (collectively, batteries 102), a plurality of bidirectional inverters 106A and 106B, and a controller 108.
  • the batteries 102 couple DC power on a DC wiring network 104 to/from the inverters 106A and 106B. Although two inverters are shown, in other embodiments, more than two inverters may be used.
  • the inverters 106A and 106B are connected in parallel.
  • An AC wiring network 110 couples the AC power terminal 1 12 to/from the inverters 106A and 106B.
  • the controller 108 is connected to both the inverters 106A and 106B.
  • the batteries 102 supply DC power to the inverters 106A and 106B and the inverters 106A and 106B convert the DC power into AC power at the AC power terminal 112.
  • the AC power terminal 112 couples AC power to the inverters 106A and 106B and the inverters convert the AC power to DC power to charge the batteries 102.
  • the controller 108 receives operational parameters from a battery management unit (not shown) (BMU) and controls the active and inactive states of the inverters 106A and 106B to facilitate reducing overall power losses of the BESS.
  • BMU battery management unit
  • the controller 108 may be part of the BMU or a standalone computing device. A detailed description of the controller’s operation is provided with reference to FIGs. 2 and 3 below.
  • FIG. 2 depicts a block diagram of the controller 108 in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the controller 108 comprises at least one processor 200, support circuits 202 and memory 204.
  • the at least one processor 200 may be any form of processor or combination of processors including, but not limited to, central processing units, microprocessors, microcontrollers, field programmable gate arrays, graphics processing units, and the like.
  • the support circuits 202 may comprise well-known circuits and devices facilitating functionality of the processor(s).
  • the support circuits 202 may comprise one or more of, or a combination of, power supplies, clock circuits, communications circuits, cache, and/or the like.
  • the memory 204 comprises one or more forms of non-transitory computer readable media including one or more of, or any combination of, read-only memory or random-access memory.
  • the memory 204 stores software and data including, for example, inverter control software 206, and data 208.
  • the inverter control software 206 may be software that, when executed by the processor(s) 200, is capable of controlling the inverters as described below with reference to FIG. 3 in accordance with various embodiments of the invention.
  • the controller 108 is a general purpose computer that, when executing the inverter control software 206 becomes a specific purpose computing device, specifically, an inverter controller.
  • the data 208 may include, but is not limited to, power being processed by each inverter 210, temperature of the inverters 212, transient power requirement information 214 and inverter state 216. Some or all of the data may be provided by the BMU. Alternatively, some of the data may be measured by or provided directly to the controller 108 using sensors within the BESS.
  • FIG. 3 depicts a state diagram 300 of the operation of the controller in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the overall BESS power loss is a function of the sum of the losses of each inverter and can be represented as:
  • PIOSS_A(PA,TA,SA) is the power loss of inverter A which is a function of the power being produced by inverter A, the temperature of inverter A and the operational state of inverter A;
  • PIOSS_B(PB,T B,SB) is the power loss of inverter B which is a function of the power being produced by inverter B, the temperature of inverter B and the operational state of inverter B.
  • the controller minimizes the overall power loss of the BESS.
  • the controller also must facilitate handling of transient power requirements that arise when the BESS operates as a backup power source or operates in an off- grid mode.
  • a transient level of power being needed a single inverter can operate at two times its rated power output while other inverters are being switched from inactive to active state.
  • the controller may also activate one or more inverters to self-heat the inverter.
  • Cold temperature limits the batteries’ ability to charge and discharge properly.
  • activating one or more inverters produces heat within the BESS to warm the batteries to a favorable operating temperature.
  • the depicted embodiment of the state diagram 300 is indicative of a BESS that utilizes two inverters. It will be clear from the following description that a state diagram of similar structure may be used for a BESS with more than two inverters.
  • the state diagram 300 comprises node 302 where none of the inverters are active, node 310 where one of the inverters is active and one of the inverters is inactive, and node 308 where both inverters are active.
  • node 310 there are two nodes representing two possible states where inverter 106A is active and inverter 106B is inactive and vice versa.
  • the inactive and active states may be swapped as indicated by arrows 312 and 314.
  • the transition paths between nodes (states) are represented by paths 1 , 2, 3, and 4.
  • both inverters Upon system boot up, both inverters will be inactive at node 302.
  • the BMU informs the controller that (1 ) power is required for a load or (2) that a transient level of power is needed, the inverter state will transition from node 302 to node 310 and one of the inverters will be active and one will be inactive.
  • the state changes along path 2 to node 308 if (1 ) the load requirements are greater than the power rating of the active inverter or (2) a transient level of power is still needed or (3) the system power loss is minimized with the second inverter being active, or (4) inverter self-heating is required, and a delay of X seconds has elapsed.
  • the delay forms activation/deactivation hysteresis to prevent excessive state transitions as well as ensures that a transient power need exceeds a predefined period before activation of at least one additional inverter.
  • the state changes along path 3 to node 302, where both inverters are inactive, if (1) the load requirements are less than or equal to zero watts and (2) there is no transient power needed.
  • the state changes along path 4 to node 310 if (1 ) the load requirements are less than the power rating of the active inverters or (2) a transient level of power is no longer needed or (3) the system power loss is minimized with a single inverter being active, or (4) inverter self-heating is no longer required using both inverters.
  • the inverter states are swapped when a temperature difference between the inverters reaches a threshold level.
  • the temperature difference should be large enough to prevent excessive swap transitions along paths 312 and 314.
  • Coupled or “connection” is used, unless otherwise specified, no limitation is implied that the coupling or connection be restricted to a physical coupling or connection and, instead, should be read to include communicative couplings, including wireless transmissions and protocols.
  • Any block, step, module, or otherwise described herein may represent one or more instructions which can be stored on a non-transitory computer readable media as software and/or performed by hardware. Any such block, module, step, or otherwise can be performed by various software and/or hardware combinations in a manner which may be automated, including the use of specialized hardware designed to achieve such a purpose. As above, any number of blocks, steps, or modules may be performed in any order or not at all, including substantially simultaneously, i.e., within tolerances of the systems executing the block, step, or module.
  • conditional language including, but not limited to, “can,” “could,” “may” or “might,” it should be understood that the associated features or elements are not required.
  • conditional language including, but not limited to, “can,” “could,” “may” or “might,” it should be understood that the associated features or elements are not required.
  • the elements and/or features should be understood as being optionally present in at least some examples, and not necessarily conditioned upon anything, unless otherwise specified.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil pour maximiser l'efficacité et la longévité d'un système de stockage d'énergie, comprenant : au moins une batterie ; une pluralité d'onduleurs, couplés à la batterie, pour convertir le courant continu en courant alternatif ; et un contrôleur, couplé à la pluralité d'onduleurs, pour commander un état opérationnel de chacun des onduleurs de la pluralité d'onduleurs de manière à réduire au minimum les pertes de puissance globales d'un système de stockage d'énergie de batterie.
PCT/US2024/059303 2023-12-15 2024-12-10 Procédé et appareil pour maximiser l'efficacité et la longévité d'un système de stockage d'énergie Pending WO2025128514A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US202363610824P 2023-12-15 2023-12-15
US63/610,824 2023-12-15

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2025128514A1 true WO2025128514A1 (fr) 2025-06-19

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ID=96058353

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2024/059303 Pending WO2025128514A1 (fr) 2023-12-15 2024-12-10 Procédé et appareil pour maximiser l'efficacité et la longévité d'un système de stockage d'énergie

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2025128514A1 (fr)

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080157742A1 (en) * 2005-10-31 2008-07-03 Martin Gary D Power supply and controller circuits
EP2339714A2 (fr) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-29 Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. Système de stockage d'énergie et son procédé de contrôle
WO2014071459A1 (fr) * 2012-11-09 2014-05-15 Mpower Projects Pty Ltd Système et méthode de gestion de stabilité de réseau
US20140306533A1 (en) * 2013-04-11 2014-10-16 Solantro Semiconductor Corp. Virtual inverter for power generation units
US11811233B1 (en) * 2023-04-05 2023-11-07 8Me Nova, Llc Systems and methods for optimized loading of battery inverters

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080157742A1 (en) * 2005-10-31 2008-07-03 Martin Gary D Power supply and controller circuits
EP2339714A2 (fr) * 2009-12-23 2011-06-29 Samsung SDI Co., Ltd. Système de stockage d'énergie et son procédé de contrôle
WO2014071459A1 (fr) * 2012-11-09 2014-05-15 Mpower Projects Pty Ltd Système et méthode de gestion de stabilité de réseau
US20140306533A1 (en) * 2013-04-11 2014-10-16 Solantro Semiconductor Corp. Virtual inverter for power generation units
US11811233B1 (en) * 2023-04-05 2023-11-07 8Me Nova, Llc Systems and methods for optimized loading of battery inverters

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