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WO2025123320A1 - Critères de retransmission pour schémas de transmission sémantiques et analogiques - Google Patents

Critères de retransmission pour schémas de transmission sémantiques et analogiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025123320A1
WO2025123320A1 PCT/CN2023/139083 CN2023139083W WO2025123320A1 WO 2025123320 A1 WO2025123320 A1 WO 2025123320A1 CN 2023139083 W CN2023139083 W CN 2023139083W WO 2025123320 A1 WO2025123320 A1 WO 2025123320A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
analog
signal
coded signal
feedback
analog coded
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2023/139083
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English (en)
Inventor
Chenxi HAO
Taesang Yoo
Eren BALEVI
Rui Hu
Hao Xu
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Qualcomm Inc
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Qualcomm Inc
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Publication date
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Priority to PCT/CN2023/139083 priority Critical patent/WO2025123320A1/fr
Publication of WO2025123320A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025123320A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1825—Adaptation of specific ARQ protocol parameters according to transmission conditions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/0001—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff
    • H04L1/0023—Systems modifying transmission characteristics according to link quality, e.g. power backoff characterised by the signalling
    • H04L1/0026—Transmission of channel quality indication
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0045—Arrangements at the receiver end
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/004—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using forward error control
    • H04L1/0056—Systems characterized by the type of code used
    • H04L1/0061—Error detection codes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H04L1/1822—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems involving configuration of automatic repeat request [ARQ] with parallel processes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0053—Allocation of signalling, i.e. of overhead other than pilot signals
    • H04L5/0055—Physical resource allocation for ACK/NACK

Definitions

  • the present disclosure generally relates to wireless communication, and more particularly, to wireless communication systems that provide receiver and transmitter determination of retransmission criteria for semantic and analog transmissions.
  • Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts.
  • Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple-access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple-access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single-carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • OFDMA orthogonal frequency division multiple access
  • SC-FDMA single-carrier frequency division multiple access
  • TD-SCDMA time division synchronous code division multiple access
  • 5G New Radio is part of a continuous mobile broadband evolution promulgated by Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with Internet of Things (IoT) ) , and other requirements.
  • 3GPP Third Generation Partnership Project
  • 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB) , massive machine type communications (mMTC) , and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC) .
  • eMBB enhanced mobile broadband
  • mMTC massive machine type communications
  • URLLC ultra-reliable low latency communications
  • Some aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • the method includes receiving from a second wireless device, an analog coded signal, and transmitting, to the second wireless device, feedback associated with the analog coded signal.
  • the feedback may be an non-acknowledgement (NACK) or an acknowledgment (ACK) determined based at least in part on: a signal quality of a reference signal associated with the analog coded signal, a distortion metric associated with at least one of the analog coded signal or a recovered signal from the analog coded signal, or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) included in the analog coded signal.
  • NACK non-acknowledgement
  • ACK acknowledgment
  • the feedback may be the signal quality or the distortion metric.
  • the apparatus includes one or more memories, and one or more processors each communicatively coupled with at least one of the one or more memories.
  • the one or more processors individually or in any combination, are operable to cause the apparatus to receive from a second wireless device, an analog coded signal, and transmit, to the second wireless device, feedback associated with the analog coded signal.
  • the feedback may be a NACK or an ACK determined based at least in part on: a signal quality of a reference signal associated with the analog coded signal, a distortion metric associated with at least one of the analog coded signal or a recovered signal from the analog coded signal, or a CRC included in the analog coded signal.
  • the feedback may be the signal quality or the distortion metric.
  • the method includes transmitting, to a wireless device, an analog coded signal, and receiving feedback associated with the analog coded signal from the wireless device.
  • the feedback may be a NACK or an ACK determined based at least in part on: a signal quality of a reference signal associated with the analog coded signal, a distortion metric associated with at least one of the analog coded signal or a recovered signal from the analog coded signal, or a CRC included in the analog coded signal.
  • the feedback may be the signal quality or the distortion metric.
  • the method also includes determining whether to send a retransmission of the analog coded signal to the wireless device based on the feedback, and sending, to the wireless device, the retransmission based on the determination.
  • the apparatus includes one or more memories, and one or more processors each communicatively coupled with at least one of the one or more memories.
  • the one or more processors individually or in any combination, are operable to cause the apparatus to transmit, to a wireless device, an analog coded signal, and receive feedback associated with the analog coded signal from the wireless device.
  • the feedback may be a NACK or an ACK determined based at least in part on: a signal quality of a reference signal associated with the analog coded signal, a distortion metric associated with at least one of the analog coded signal or a recovered signal from the analog coded signal, or a CRC included in the analog coded signal.
  • the feedback may be the signal quality or the distortion metric.
  • the one or more processors individually or in any combination, are further operable to cause the apparatus to determine whether to send a retransmission of the analog coded signal to the wireless device based on the feedback, and send, to the wireless device, the retransmission based on the determination.
  • the one or more aspects comprise the features hereinafter fully described and particularly pointed out in the claims.
  • the following description and the annexed drawings set forth in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of but a few of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents.
  • FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network.
  • FIG. 1B shows a diagram illustrating an example disaggregated base station architecture.
  • FIG. 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure.
  • FIG. 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe.
  • FIG. 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure.
  • FIG. 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram illustrating an example of a first device and a second device involved in wireless communication.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a neural network.
  • FIGs. 5A-5C are diagrams illustrating examples of various implementations which have been proposed to incorporate semantic communication into wireless communication systems.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating an example of an interface for semantic communication between an Application (APP) layer and a RAN layer of a wireless device.
  • APP Application
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of an analog transmission of encoded output data.
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating an example of an analog transmission technique for semantic communication.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating an example of another analog transmission technique for semantic communication.
  • FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating an example of a first approach for determining retransmission criteria.
  • FIG. 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a variation of the first approach for determination of retransmission criteria.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating an example of a call flow between wireless devices in accordance with the first approach for determining whether to request or send an analog transmission.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram illustrating an example of an alternative approach for determination of retransmission criteria.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of a second approach for determining retransmission criteria.
  • FIG. 15 is a diagram illustrating an example of a call flow between wireless devices in accordance with the second approach for determining whether to request or send an analog transmission.
  • FIGs. 16A-16B are diagrams illustrating examples of analog coding unit groups associated with retransmission criteria.
  • FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating an example of a call flow between wireless devices.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart of an example method of wireless communication performable at a receiver wireless device.
  • FIG. 19 is a flowchart of another example method of wireless communication performable at a transmitter wireless device.
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus that may operate as a receiver or a transmitter.
  • processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs) , central processing units (CPUs) , application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs) , reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoC) , baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) , programmable logic devices (PLDs) , state machines, gated logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionality described throughout this disclosure.
  • processors in the processing system may execute software.
  • Software shall be construed broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.
  • the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or encoded as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium.
  • Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that may be accessed by a computer.
  • such computer-readable media may comprise a random-access memory (RAM) , a read-only memory (ROM) , an electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the aforementioned types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that may be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that may be accessed by a computer.
  • RAM random-access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • EEPROM electrically erasable programmable ROM
  • optical disk storage magnetic disk storage
  • magnetic disk storage other magnetic storage devices
  • combinations of the aforementioned types of computer-readable media or any other medium that may be used to store computer executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that may be accessed by a computer.
  • Analog transmission is a widely used method for semantic communication, which is an emerging topic in the advancement of 5G and 3GPP technologies and the development of 6G wireless communication systems.
  • Analog coding is a technique used in communication systems to transmit continuous signals, such as real numbers or analog waveforms, over a communication channel. It is an alternative to digital coding, which involves converting continuous signals into discrete binary bits before transmission.
  • Analog coding is particularly relevant in the context of semantic communication, which involves using artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models to extract semantic features from various types of data, since real numbers representing semantic features are directly transmitted without quantization or conversion to binary bits.
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • ML machine learning
  • analog coding the continuous signals (real numbers) are directly mapped to symbols or waveforms that can be transmitted over the communication channel.
  • Analog coding can be used in conjunction with other techniques, such as Joint Source-Channel Coding (JSCC) or semantic encoding, to improve the semantic or perceptual-based metric.
  • JSCC Joint Source-Channel Coding
  • the real numbers generated by the semantic encoder or JSCC are directly transmitted, compressed to a lower dimension, or expanded to a larger dimension for transmission.
  • Analog communication can also achieve a rate-distortion bound with short block lengths and experience only a slight performance degradation even if the channel condition is inaccurate at the transmitter side.
  • determining when to initiate retransmission for analog transmissions is currently a challenge.
  • distortion such as mean squared error (MSE)
  • MSE mean squared error
  • the receiver may either refer to the ground truth or a method to predict the distortion. Since obtaining the ground truth is not feasible, prediction of the distortion using AI and non-AI methods has lately become of interest.
  • ReTx retransmission
  • reTx criteria without basis on analog cyclic redundancy checks may be provided, in which approach, for example, a receiver or transmitter may respectively determine whether to request or send a retransmission based on signal quality measurements such as signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measurements from demodulation reference signals (DMRS) , or based on distortion metrics such as a predicted MSE using a received signal or a recovered signal.
  • SINR signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio
  • DMRS demodulation reference signals
  • ReTx criteria with an analog CRC may be provided, in which approach, for example, a transmitter may add an analog CRC to a transmission and send this CRC to the receiver side with a lower source-channel ratio than that applied for analog coded data.
  • the receiver may compare the received CRC with the CRC computed by the recovered signal to determine whether retransmission is to be requested.
  • per-analog coding unit or per-analog coding unit group calculation or measurement may be applied when determining whether to request or send a retransmission, where a respective analog coding unit maps an m-dimensional source to n physical channel uses, and where analog coding unit grouping may be based on semantic importance of the data.
  • per-transmission occasion window hybrid automatic repeat request may be applied when sending acknowledgment (ACK) or negative acknowledgment (NACK) feedback requesting a retransmission, where the ACK or NACK may be determined based on a trend or change in distortion metrics calculated or measured within a measurement window.
  • FIG. 1A is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network 100.
  • the wireless communications system (also referred to as a wireless wide area network (WWAN) ) includes base stations 102, user equipment (s) (UE) 104, an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160, and another core network 190 (e.g., a 5G Core (5GC) ) .
  • the base stations 102 may include macrocells (high power cellular base station) and/or small cells (low power cellular base station) .
  • the macrocells include base stations.
  • the small cells include femtocells, picocells, and microcells.
  • the base stations 102 may perform one or more of the following functions: transfer of user data, radio channel ciphering and deciphering, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity) , inter-cell interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution for non-access stratum (NAS) messages, NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service (MBMS) , subscriber and equipment trace, RAN information management (RIM) , paging, positioning, and delivery of warning messages.
  • NAS non-access stratum
  • RAN radio access network
  • MBMS Multimedia Broadcast Multicast Service
  • RIM RAN information management
  • the base stations 102 may wirelessly communicate with the UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 may provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110. For example, the small cell 102' may have a coverage area 110' that overlaps the coverage area 110 of one or more macro base stations 102.
  • a network that includes both small cell and macrocells may be known as a heterogeneous network.
  • a heterogeneous network may also include Home Evolved Node Bs (eNBs) (HeNBs) , which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG) .
  • eNBs Home Evolved Node Bs
  • HeNBs Home Evolved Node Bs
  • CSG closed subscriber group
  • the communication links 120 between the base stations 102 and the UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) (also referred to as reverse link) transmissions from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and/or downlink (DL) (also referred to as forward link) transmissions from a base station 102 to a UE 104.
  • the communication links 120 may use multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and/or transmit diversity.
  • the communication links may be through one or more carriers.
  • the base stations 102 /UEs 104 may use spectrum up to Y megahertz (MHz) (e.g., 5, 10, 15, 20, 100, 400, etc.
  • the component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers.
  • a primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell) .
  • D2D communication link 158 may use the DL/UL WWAN spectrum.
  • the D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) .
  • sidelink channels such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) .
  • sidelink channels such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH) , a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH) , a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH) , and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH) .
  • D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communications systems, such as for example, WiMedia, Bluetooth, ZigBe
  • the wireless communications system may further include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 in communication with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154, e.g., in a 5 gigahertz (GHz) unlicensed frequency spectrum or the like.
  • AP Wi-Fi access point
  • STAs Wi-Fi stations
  • communication links 154 e.g., in a 5 gigahertz (GHz) unlicensed frequency spectrum or the like.
  • GHz gigahertz
  • the STAs 152 /AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) prior to communicating in order to determine whether the channel is available.
  • CCA clear channel assessment
  • the electromagnetic spectrum is often subdivided, based on frequency/wavelength, into various classes, bands, channels, etc.
  • two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) .
  • the frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are often referred to as mid-band frequencies.
  • FR1 is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “sub-6 GHz” band in various documents and articles.
  • FR2 which is often referred to (interchangeably) as a “millimeter wave” band in documents and articles, despite being different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz –300 GHz) which is identified by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU) as a “millimeter wave” band.
  • EHF extremely high frequency
  • ITU International Telecommunications Union
  • sub-6 GHz or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies.
  • millimeter wave or the like if used herein may broadly represent frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, or may be within the EHF band.
  • a base station 102 may include and/or be referred to as an eNB, gNodeB (gNB) , or another type of base station.
  • Some base stations, such as gNB 180 may operate in a traditional sub 6 GHz spectrum, in millimeter wave frequencies, and/or near millimeter wave frequencies in communication with the UE 104.
  • the gNB 180 may be referred to as a millimeter wave base station.
  • the millimeter wave base station 180 may utilize beamforming 182 with the UE 104 to compensate for the path loss and short range.
  • the base station 180 and the UE 104 may each include a plurality of antennas, such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and/or antenna arrays to facilitate the beamforming.
  • the base station 180 may transmit a beamformed signal to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions 182'.
  • the UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 180 in one or more receive directions 182”.
  • the UE 104 may also transmit a beamformed signal to the base station 180 in one or more transmit directions.
  • the base station 180 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions.
  • the base station 180 /UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive and transmit directions for each of the base station 180 /UE 104.
  • the transmit and receive directions for the base station 180 may or may not be the same.
  • the transmit and receive directions for the UE 104 may or may not be the same.
  • the core network 190 may include an Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF) 192, other AMFs 193, a Session Management Function (SMF) 194, and a User Plane Function (UPF) 195.
  • the AMF 192 may be in communication with a Unified Data Management (UDM) 196.
  • the AMF 192 is the control node that processes the signaling between the UEs 104 and the core network 190.
  • the AMF 192 provides Quality of Service (QoS) flow and session management. All user IP packets are transferred through the UPF 195.
  • the UPF 195 provides UE IP address allocation as well as other functions.
  • the UPF 195 is connected to the IP Services 197.
  • the IP Services 197 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IMS, a Packet Switch (PS) Streaming Service, and/or other IP services.
  • PS Packet Switch
  • the base station may include and/or be referred to as a gNB, Node B, eNB, an access point, a base transceiver station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS) , an extended service set (ESS) , a transmit reception point (TRP) , or some other suitable terminology.
  • the base station 102 provides an access point to the EPC 160 or core network 190 for a UE 104.
  • Examples of UEs 104 include a cellular phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player) , a camera, a game console, a tablet, a smart device, a wearable device, a vehicle, an electric meter, a gas pump, a large or small kitchen appliance, a healthcare device, an implant, a sensor/actuator, a display, or any other similar functioning device.
  • SIP session initiation protocol
  • PDA personal digital assistant
  • the UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meter, gas pump, toaster, vehicles, heart monitor, etc. ) .
  • the UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.
  • a network node such as a Node B (NB) , eNB, NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP) , a TRP, or a cell, etc.
  • NB Node B
  • AP access point
  • TRP Transmission Reliable and Low Latency Relation
  • a BS such as a Node B (NB) , eNB, NR BS, 5G NB, access point (AP) , a TRP, or a cell, etc.
  • an aggregated base station also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS
  • a disaggregated base station also known as a standalone BS or a monolithic BS
  • the units may include a wireless interface, which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
  • a wireless interface which may include a receiver, a transmitter or transceiver (such as a radio frequency (RF) transceiver) , configured to receive or transmit signals, or both, over a wireless transmission medium to one or more of the other units.
  • RF radio frequency
  • the DU 185 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions to control the operation of one or more RUs 187.
  • the DU 185 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, or the like) depending, at least in part, on a functional split, such as those defined by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) .
  • the DU 185 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented with an interface configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by the DU 185, or with the control functions hosted by the CU 183.
  • Lower-layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 187.
  • an RU 187 controlled by a DU 185, may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions, or low-PHY layer functions (such as performing fast Fourier transform (FFT) , inverse FFT (iFFT) , digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, or the like) , or both, based at least in part on the functional split, such as a lower layer functional split.
  • the RU (s) 187 may be implemented to handle over the air (OTA) communication with one or more UEs 104.
  • OTA over the air
  • the Non-RT RIC 115 may be configured to include a logical function that enables non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, Artificial Intelligence/Machine Learning (AI/ML) workflows including model training and updates, or policy-based guidance of applications/features in the Near-RT RIC 125.
  • the Non-RT RIC 115 may be coupled to or communicate with (such as via an A1 interface) the Near-RT RIC 125.
  • the Non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from external servers. Such information may be utilized by the Near-RT RIC 125 and may be received at the SMO Framework 105 or the Non-RT RIC 115 from non-network data sources or from network functions. In some examples, the Non-RT RIC 115 or the Near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the Non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns for performance and employ AI/ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO Framework 105 (such as reconfiguration via O1) or via creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies) .
  • SMO Framework 105 such as reconfiguration via O1
  • A1 policies such as A1 policies
  • the UE 104, aggregated base station (base station 102) , or one or more components of disaggregated base station 181, may be or constitute a receiver wireless device including analog coded retransmission component 198 that is configured to receive from a second wireless device, an analog coded signal; and transmit, to the second wireless device, feedback associated with the analog coded signal, the feedback being one of: an non-acknowledgement (NACK) or an acknowledgment (ACK) determined based at least in part on: a signal quality of a reference signal associated with the analog coded signal, a distortion metric associated with at least one of the analog coded signal or a recovered signal from the analog coded signal, or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) included in the analog coded signal, or the signal quality or the distortion metric.
  • NACK non-acknowledgement
  • ACK acknowledgment
  • CRC cyclic redundancy check
  • the UE 104, aggregated base station (base station 102) , or one or more components of disaggregated base station 181, may be a transmitter wireless device including analog coded retransmission component 198 that is configured to transmit, to a wireless device, an analog coded signal; receive feedback associated with the analog coded signal from the wireless device, the feedback being one of: an NACK or an ACK determined based at least in part on: a signal quality of a reference signal associated with the analog coded signal, a distortion metric associated with at least one of the analog coded signal or a recovered signal from the analog coded signal, or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) included in the analog coded signal, or the signal quality or the distortion metric; determine whether to send a retransmission of the analog coded signal to the wireless device based on the feedback; and send, to the wireless device, the retransmission based on the determination.
  • analog coded retransmission component 198 that is configured to transmit, to a wireless device, an analog coded signal
  • the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, with subframe 4 being configured with slot format 28 (with mostly DL) , where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible for use between DL/UL, and subframe 3 being configured with slot format 34 (with mostly UL) . While subframes 3, 4 are shown with slot formats 34, 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0-61. Slot formats 0, 1 are all DL, UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL, and flexible symbols.
  • a frame e.g., of 10 milliseconds (ms)
  • ms milliseconds
  • Each subframe may include one or more time slots.
  • Subframes may also include mini-slots, which may include 7, 4, or 2 symbols.
  • Each slot may include 7 or 14 symbols, depending on the slot configuration. For slot configuration 0, each slot may include 14 symbols, and for slot configuration 1, each slot may include 7 symbols.
  • the symbols on DL may be cyclic prefix (CP) orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbols.
  • CP-OFDM orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing
  • the symbols on UL may be CP-OFDM symbols (for high throughput scenarios) or discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spread OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbols (also referred to as single carrier frequency-division multiple access (SC-FDMA) symbols) (for power limited scenarios; limited to a single stream transmission) .
  • the number of slots within a subframe is based on the slot configuration and the numerology. For slot configuration 0, different numerologies ⁇ 0 to 4 allow for 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots, respectively, per subframe. For slot configuration 1, different numerologies 0 to 2 allow for 2, 4, and 8 slots, respectively, per subframe. Accordingly, for slot configuration 0 and numerology ⁇ , there are 14 symbols/slot and 2 ⁇ slots/subframe.
  • the subcarrier spacing and symbol length/duration are a function of the numerology.
  • the subcarrier spacing may be equal to 2 ⁇ *15 kilohertz (kHz) , where ⁇ is the numerology 0 to 4.
  • ⁇ is the numerology 0 to 4.
  • the symbol length/duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing.
  • the slot duration is 0.25 ms
  • the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz
  • the symbol duration is approximately 16.67 ⁇ s.
  • Each BWP may have
  • a resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure.
  • Each time slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as physical RBs (PRBs) ) that extends 12 consecutive subcarriers.
  • RB resource block
  • PRBs physical RBs
  • the resource grid is divided into multiple resource elements (REs) . The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.
  • the RS may include demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as Rx for one particular configuration, where 100x is the port number, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE.
  • DM-RS demodulation RS
  • CSI-RS channel state information reference signals
  • the RS may also include beam measurement RS (BRS) , beam refinement RS (BRRS) , and phase tracking RS (PT-RS) .
  • BRS beam measurement RS
  • BRRS beam refinement RS
  • PT-RS phase tracking RS
  • FIG. 2B illustrates an example of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame.
  • the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) , each CCE including nine RE groups (REGs) , each REG including four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol.
  • a PDCCH within one BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET) . Additional BWPs may be located at greater and/or lower frequencies across the channel bandwidth.
  • a primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of particular subframes of a frame. The PSS is used by a UE 104 to determine subframe/symbol timing and a physical layer identity.
  • a secondary synchronization signal may be within symbol 4 of particular subframes of a frame.
  • the SSS is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number and radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE may determine a physical cell identifier (PCI) . Based on the PCI, the UE may determine the locations of the aforementioned DM-RS.
  • the physical broadcast channel (PBCH) which carries a master information block (MIB) , may be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) /PBCH block (also referred to as SS block (SSB) ) .
  • MIB master information block
  • the MIB provides a number of RBs in the system bandwidth and a system frame number (SFN) .
  • the physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH such as system information blocks (SIBs) , and paging messages.
  • SIBs system information blocks
  • FIG. 2D illustrates an example of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame.
  • the PUCCH may be located as indicated in one configuration.
  • the PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI) , such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI) , a precoding matrix indicator (PMI) , a rank indicator (RI) , and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) /non-acknowledgement (NACK) feedback.
  • UCI uplink control information
  • the PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR) , a power headroom report (PHR) , and/or UCI.
  • BSR buffer status report
  • PHR power headroom report
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a first wireless device 310 in communication with a second wireless device 350 in an access network.
  • first wireless device 310 may be a UE 104, an aggregated base station such as base station 102/180, or a component of a disaggregated base station, such as CU 183 or DU 185, acting as a transmitter
  • second wireless device 350 may be a UE 104, an aggregated base station such as base station 102/180, or a component of a disaggregated base station, such as CU 183 or DU 185, acting as a receiver.
  • the one or more controllers/processors 375 provide RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIBs) , RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release) , inter radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression /decompression, security (ciphering, deciphering, integrity protection, integrity verification) , and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper layer protocol data units (PDUs) , error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation, and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs) , re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs) , demultiplexing
  • the one or more transmit (TX) processors 316 and the one or more receive (RX) processors 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions.
  • Layer 1 which includes a physical (PHY) layer, may include error detection on the transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) coding/decoding of the transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping onto physical channels, modulation/demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing.
  • FEC forward error correction
  • the one or more TX processors 316 handle mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK) , quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) , M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK) , M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) ) .
  • BPSK binary phase-shift keying
  • QPSK quadrature phase-shift keying
  • M-PSK M-phase-shift keying
  • M-QAM M-quadrature amplitude modulation
  • IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
  • the OFDM stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams.
  • Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing.
  • the channel estimate may be derived from a reference signal and/or channel condition feedback transmitted by the second wireless device 350.
  • Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318TX.
  • Each transmitter 318TX may modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.
  • each receiver 354RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 352.
  • Each receiver 354RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to the one or more receive (RX) processors 356.
  • the one or more TX processors 368 and the one or more RX processors 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions.
  • the one or more RX processors 356 may perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial streams destined for the second wireless device 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the second wireless device 350, they may be combined by the one or more RX processors 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream.
  • the one or more RX processors 356 then convert the OFDM symbol stream from the time-domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) .
  • the frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal.
  • the symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation points transmitted by the first wireless device 310. These soft decisions may be based on channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 358.
  • the soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the first wireless device 310 on the physical channel.
  • the data and control signals are then provided to the one or more controllers/processors 359, which implement layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.
  • the one or more controllers/processors 359 may each be associated with one or more memories 360 that store program codes and data.
  • the one or more memories 360 individually or in any combination, may be referred to as a computer-readable medium.
  • the one or more controllers/processors 359 provide demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, deciphering, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets from the EPC 160.
  • the one or more controllers/processors 359 are also responsible for error detection using an ACK and/or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.
  • Each receiver 318RX receives a signal through its respective antenna 320.
  • Each receiver 318RX recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to one or more RX processors 370.
  • ANNs include layered architectures in which the output of one layer of neurons is input to a second layer of neurons (via connections or synapses) , the output of the second layer of neurons becomes an input to a third layer of neurons, and so forth.
  • These neural networks may be trained to recognize a hierarchy of features and thus have increasingly been used in object recognition applications.
  • neural networks may employ supervised learning tasks such as classification which incorporates a ML model such as logistic regression, support vector machines, boosting, or other classifiers to perform object detection and provide bounding boxes of a class or category in an image.
  • ML model such as logistic regression, support vector machines, boosting, or other classifiers to perform object detection and provide bounding boxes of a class or category in an image.
  • these multi-layered architectures may be fine-tuned using backpropagation or gradient descent to result in more accurate predictions.
  • the images output from the convolutional layer 406 are passed through an activation function such as a rectified linear unit (ReLU) , and then as inputs into a subsampling layer 408 which scales down the size of the images for example by a factor of two (e.g., resulting in six images of size 14x14 pixels, or some other quantity or size) .
  • an activation function e.g., ReLU or other function
  • these downscaled images output from the subsampling layer 408 may similarly be passed through an activation function (e.g., ReLU or other function) , and similarly as inputs through subsequent convolutional layers, subsampling layers, and activation functions (not shown) to detect more complex features and further scale down the image or kernel sizes.
  • AL/ML models and neural networks are key components in emerging topics in the advancement of 5G and 3GPP technologies or the development of 6G wireless communication systems.
  • One such emerging topic is semantic communication, which refers to the process of accurately conveying meaning and understanding between a sender and a receiver through the use of symbols, such as words, gestures, or other forms of expression.
  • semantic communication involves using AI and ML models to extract semantic features from various types of data, such as text, images, speech, and video, and then transmitting these semantic features to a receiver (Rx) side.
  • a paired JSCC encoder 502 is used at the transmitter (Tx) side, and a JSCC decoder is used at the receiver (Rx) side.
  • the encoder takes the original source (which could be an image, text, video, etc. ) as input and outputs channel symbols or encoded signal 504 that can be transmitted over a wireless channel.
  • the JSCC decoder 508 then takes the received signal as input and decodes the signal to output the original source.
  • This method of JSCC or analog coding thus involves taking an analog source with continuous values in the real domain and outputting a continuous value stream, rather than a bit stream.
  • Semantic encoding and decoding refer to the processes of extracting and reconstructing meaningful information from data, respectively.
  • semantic encoding focuses on identifying and representing the essential features or patterns in the data that convey its meaning, while semantic decoding aims to recover the original data from these features or patterns.
  • Semantic encoding typically involves using AI and ML models to analyze and process various types of data, such as text, images, speech, and video. These models can identify and extract high-level features that capture the underlying meaning or semantics of the data.
  • Semantic decoding is the process of reconstructing the original data from the received semantic features. This involves using AI and ML models to interpret the semantic features and generate an approximation of the original data that preserves its meaning and structure. The goal of semantic decoding is to recover the data as accurately as possible, even in the presence of noise or errors in the communication channel.
  • a semantic encoder 510 is provided at the transmitter side and a semantic decoder 512 is provided at the receiver side, in addition to the analog or JSCC encoder 502 and decoder 508 respectively.
  • the semantic encoder 510 identifies the essential meaning or semantic features from the original source.
  • the JSCC and analog encoding is then applied to these semantic features.
  • the semantic features are first recovered, and then the semantic decoder 512 is used to recover the original source or perform some downstream tasks.
  • This method may apply AI models for the semantic encoding and decoding, such as the such as neural network 400 of FIG. 4.
  • the third implementation involves the use of a hyperprior model to generate assistant information, such as the probability of semantic features, for assisting JSCC encoding and decoding.
  • Hyperprior models are typically employed in conjunction with other encoding and decoding techniques to improve the overall performance and efficiency of the communication system.
  • a hyperprior model can be used to generate a compact representation of the probability distribution of semantic features extracted from an image. This compact representation, referred to as side information in FIG. 5C, can then be transmitted alongside the encoded semantic features to assist in the decoding process at the receiver side.
  • a hyperprior encoder 514 and a hyperprior decoder 516 may be provided to respectively compress and extract the feature probabilities of the semantic features that the semantic encoder identifies from the original input image or source. These feature probabilities assist the JSCC encoder and decoder in analog coding and decoding, further improving the performance of the wireless communication system.
  • the PHY layer then applies analog coding 602 to map these real numbers (the JSCC output or the extracted semantic features) S m to an analog coded signal 604, y n , for instance, using rate matching and power allocation, where n represents the number of channel uses such as a number of REs.
  • the RAN layer handles power allocation and rate control for y n . For instance, more power may be allocated to more important source semantic features, while less power may be allocated to less important features.
  • the power allocation may also be adjusted depending on the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) of these semantic features, where for example, a higher power may be applied for low SNR and a lower power may be applied for high SNR to achieve a certain distortion target.
  • SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio
  • mapping S m to y n in the PHY layer There are at least three options for mapping S m to y n in the PHY layer.
  • S m equals y n and m equals n.
  • repetition may be added, or other methods of analog channel coding may be applied, to provide protection to the application layer output.
  • mapping of S m to y n in the RAN layer may be source-generic or source-independent
  • the mapping of semantic features v k′ to S m in the APP may be source-specific or source-dependent, since for example, the semantic encoder 510 for an image input may differ from a semantic encoder for a video input.
  • the RAN layer on the other hand is source-agnostic (it does not concern itself with source data specifics like the APP layer) , since it handles segmentation or assembly of the IP packets delivered from the application layer, and thus the actual transport block delivered in the PHY layer could be an aggregation of different sources, such as a part of an image or a part of a video, depending on the PHY layer resource allocation and capacity.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example 700 of an analog transmission of the semantically or JSCC encoded output in FIG. 6.
  • the transmitter or wireless device 310 applies analog coding 602 to JSCC-encoded, or JSCC-encoded and semantically-encoded, signal 504 S m , to result in analog coded signal 604.
  • the transmitter then sends this analog coded signal 604 y n over the wireless channel to the receiver or wireless device 350.
  • the analog coded signal 604 is subjected to at least one of interference or noise z n or fading incurred in the wireless channel and is thus subsequently obtained at the receiver as received analog coded signal 702.
  • the receiver may apply analog decoding 704 to the signal, for example by applying inverse operations to those performed during analog coding 602, to recover received encoded signal 506
  • real numbers generated by the semantic encoder 510 and/or JSCC encoder 502 may be transmitted directly, that is, the real numbers (S m ) generated by the semantic encoder or the JSCC may be transmitted without any further processing or modification.
  • these real numbers may be compressed to a lower dimension, that is, the real numbers (S m ) can be compressed into a lower-dimensional representation (y n ) before transmission (m > n) .
  • these real numbers may be expanded to a larger dimension for transmission, that is, the real numbers (S m ) can be expanded into a higher-dimensional representation (y n ) before transmission (m ⁇ n) .
  • This expansion can be useful in scenarios where additional redundancy or error resilience is required, as it allows for better error detection and correction at the receiver side.
  • a sharp degradation in distortion (a “cliff effect” ) may be experienced due to inaccurate channel condition or capacity knowledge at the transmitter side
  • distortion of analog transmissions may degrade gracefully and with greater robustness to channel capacity or SNR information inaccuracies.
  • a closest mapping point (y) on the Archimedean spiral represented by a circle symbol may found, and this mapped point is transmitted in the wireless channel.
  • the receiver during analog decoding 704 may recover the original source point represented by the star symbol using, for example, ML or a minimum mean square error (MMSE) receiver.
  • MMSE minimum mean square error
  • several functions or equations may be applied such as illustrated in FIG. 8. For instance, the equations on the right-side of the spiral curve may be used to map the 2-dimensional sources (S1, S2) to a value ⁇ that is transmitted in the wireless channel.
  • a hyperparameter such as a ⁇ opt value in the Archimedean spiral function may be optimized as a function of the source variance and the channel SNR (CSNR) .
  • wireless device 310 when sending an analog transmission, wireless device 310 first may apply analog coding 602 to a JSCC encoded, and in some cases semantically encoded, source input S m such as described with respect to FIGs. 5A-5C and 6.
  • the transmitter may apply a m: n mapping function for every m source symbols in S m to n channel uses in y n , such as a 2: 1 mapping function for every pair of source symbols to one channel use or a 1: 2 mapping function for every single source symbol to two channel uses as described with respect to FIGs. 8 and 9 respectively.
  • the wireless device 310 may then transmit this mapped output y n to the wireless device 350 over the wireless channel (including the combination of mapping points y or z1, z2 respectively for every source sample (s) depending on the mapping function) .
  • the wireless device 350 may apply analog decoding 704 to de-map and recover the source input as similarly described with respect to FIGs. 8 and 9, and the device 350 may then apply JSCC decoding (as well as semantic decoding when applicable) to the source input to obtain the original data
  • aspects of the present disclosure provide various retransmission criteria which the wireless devices 310, 350 may determine as a basis for requesting or sending a retransmission of an analog coded signal. It should be understood for purposes of this disclosure that such retransmissions refer to retransmissions of the source data S m delivered to the PHY/MAC layer from the APP layer prior to analog coding 602 in FIG. 6, rather than to retransmissions of the original data X k delivered to the APP layer prior to JSCC encoding or prior to JSCC and semantic encoding.
  • the wireless device 310 or transmitter may be a UE or base station, and the wireless device 350 may similarly be a UE or base station.
  • retransmission criteria may be defined without applying an analog CRC to the source data signal, such as described with respect to FIGs. 10-13.
  • the criteria may include a SNR or other signal quality measurement based on a pilot or reference signal such as DMRS, such as described with respect to FIGs. 10 or 11.
  • the criteria may include a predicted or otherwise identified distortion metric such as a MSE of at least one of a received signal or a recovered source signal, such as described with respect to FIG. 13.
  • the aforementioned retransmission criteria may have a granularity that is either per analog coding unit or per group of analog coding units, such as described with respect to FIGs. 16A-16B, where an analog coding unit maps an m-dimensional source to n physical channel uses.
  • one analog coding unit may constitute the analog encoder or decoder in the 1: 2 mapping scheme of FIG.
  • one analog coding unit may perform analog coding 602 or analog decoding 704 according to other values of m and n.
  • the aforementioned criteria such as the signal quality, distortion metric, or CRC, may be determined from the individual source sample (s) mapped or de-mapped in one analog coding unit, or from the combination of source samples mapped or de-mapped in a group of multiple of such analog coding units.
  • Analog coding units may also be grouped based on a semantic importance of the source samples in these units.
  • the aforementioned retransmission criteria may be determined for HARQ purposes (ACK/NACK feedback) in a temporal domain encompassing either a single transmission occasion of the source signal or a transmission window including multiple transmission occasions of respective source signals, such as illustrated in FIG. 17.
  • a receiver may determine whether to send ACK/NACK in response to retransmission criteria (per analog coding unit or group granularity) determined from a PDSCH scheduled by DCI and which includes the analog coded signal.
  • a receiver may determine whether to send ACK/NACK based on a trend or change in distortion metrics (again per analog coding unit or group granularity) within a measurement window including multiple PDSCHs each including an analog coded signal. For example, the receiver may average the distortion metric or obtain some other statistic associated with these retransmission criteria.
  • the retransmission criteria may be determined, for example, based on a channel interference measurement or SNR or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) measurement.
  • the receiver or wireless device 350 may receive control information such as DCI scheduling the analog transmission using PDCCH.
  • the DCI may also indicate via one or more of its fields a transmission configuration including analog mapping scheme parameters for the upcoming analog coded signal transmission, such as a hyperparameter for an Archimedean spiral function, a source-channel ratio (or the values of m and n) to be applied for analog coding and decoding, an identifier of an AI or ML model applied for analog coding, or a combination of any of these parameters.
  • a separate message than the DCI may indicate the transmission configuration for the PDSCH transmission.
  • the receiver may receive the analog coded PDSCH data with a pilot or reference signal such as DMRS for performing channel and interference measurement. Based on this reference signal measurement, two approaches for calculating a retransmission metric may be applied, including a first approach performed at the receiver, and a second approach performed at the transmitter.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an example 1000 of the first approach in which the receiver determines retransmission criteria, for example, based on channel interference measurement or SINR measurement, without reliance on a CRC in the analog coded signal.
  • the receiver may initially receive a pilot 1002 with data in analog coded signal 604, and the receiver performs a channel and interference measurement at block 1004 based on the pilot 1002. The receiver may then apply this measurement, for example SINR 1006, to recover the data in encoded signal 506 during analog decoding 704.
  • the receiver may separately calculate the retransmission metric at block 1008 based on this channel and interference measurement, and the receiver may determine whether to request retransmission of a PDSCH analog transmission based on this metric.
  • the receiver may calculate the SINR 1006 based on the channel measurement from the DMRS and interference measurement at block 1004, and the receiver may determine a predicted MSE or other retransmission metric at block 1008 based on this signal quality measurement. If the predicted MSE (or other retransmission metric) is worse than a target MSE (or other target metric) over a threshold, the receiver may determine to request retransmission and send a NACK to the transmitter indicating the transmission was too distorted. Otherwise, the receiver may send an ACK if retransmission is not requested.
  • the receiver may determine an actual transmission configuration for the data signal based on the calculated SINR or other signal quality measurement of the pilot. If this transmission configuration is significantly different from an indicated transmission configuration of the PDSCH scheduled in DCI, for example by a threshold, the receiver may send a NACK requesting retransmission of the data signal. Otherwise, the receiver may send an ACK.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an example 1100 of the variation of the first approach for receiver determination of retransmission criteria based on transmission configurations.
  • a chart is illustrated depicting various curves of signal distortion rate (SDR) versus channel SNR (CSNR) .
  • SDR signal distortion rate
  • CSNR channel SNR
  • the chart shows a dashed curve 1102 representing the performance achieved by a theoretically optimal performance achieved by the system, a starred curve 1104 representing optimal performance achieved by a proper transmission configuration indicated in DCI under certain perfectly known channel conditions (assuming in this example an Archimedean spiral optimized per CSNR for 2: 1 mapping as in FIG. 8) , and dotted and solid curves 1106 representing observed channel conditions when channel conditions are not perfectly known.
  • the receiver may perform channel and interference measurement at block 1004 and determine an actual SNR along one of the dotted or solid curves 1106. Then at block 1008, the receiver may then compare the SDR associated with the measured SNR with the SDR associated with the optimal SNR (corresponding to the proper, DCI-indicated transmission configuration) to determine whether retransmission is warranted. If the receiver determines that the difference between the SDR corresponding to the measured SNR and the SDR corresponding to the optimal SNR is beyond a certain threshold, the receiver may determine to trigger NACK feedback to request retransmission. Otherwise, the receiver may trigger ACK feedback.
  • the transmitter may indicate in DCI a transmission configuration assuming a channel condition or CSNR of 30 dB (represented by the starred curve 1104) , but the receiver may observe an actual SINR 1006 that may be less than or equal to 30 dB. If the receiver measures the SINR to be less than 25 dB, the actual SDR may be significantly lower than the optimal SDR beyond a given threshold, indicating a significant gap in performance and warranting a NACK or retransmission. On the other hand, if the receiver measures the SINR to be 25 dB or greater, the performance loss may be minor since the difference between the SDRs is within the threshold, and thus an ACK may be sent instead.
  • the transmitter or wireless device 310 determines the retransmission metric, as opposed to the receiver in FIG. 10.
  • the transmitter determines whether to send a retransmission of a PDSCH analog transmission based on the retransmission criteria sent from the receiver.
  • the receiver may calculate the SINR 1006 as in the first approach during channel and interference measurement, but instead of determining whether to request retransmission based on a derived retransmission metric or the transmission configurations at block 1008 as previously described with respect to FIGs. 10 and 11, here the receiver may send the SINR 1006 or other signal quality measurement to the transmitter to make the corresponding retransmission metric computation or comparison at block 1008 and retransmission determination.
  • the receiver may provide the SINR 1006 as data in PUSCH or PUCCH to the transmitter.
  • the transmitter may determine the predicted MSE, associated SDR, or other retransmission metric at block 1008, and the transmitter may subsequently send the retransmission if the retransmission metric is worse than the target MSE, SDR, or other target metric by the threshold.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates an example 1300 of an alternative approach to the first aspect, that is, without additional signaling of a CRC, in which the retransmission criteria may be determined based on a distortion metric associated with the received or recovered analog data signal.
  • the wireless device 350 or receiver may predict or otherwise determine a retransmission metric, such as a MSE, based on the received analog coded signal 702 or based on this signal in combination with the recovered signal 506
  • the receiver may decode the received signal 702 using analog decoding 704 to obtain the recovered signal 506, and then the receiver may calculate, predict, or otherwise derive at block 1302 a retransmission criteria 1304 using the aforementioned signals.
  • the receiver may compute an estimate of using the signals 506, 702 (since the receiver does not have the ground truth of ) .
  • the receiver may then determine whether to request retransmission of the encoded signal 504 based on the retransmission criteria 1304, for example as a result of a comparison of this metric or criteria to a threshold, or the receiver may send this metric to the wireless device 310 or transmitter to make a similar determination whether to send the retransmission of this signal based on the metric or criteria.
  • the receiver or transmitter may check whether the distortion metric is at or below a threshold such as a target MSE, or check whether the metric is not an outlier within the highest 10%or other threshold of a cumulative distribution function of MSEs, in either of which case the receiver or transmitter may determine to send an ACK or no retransmission; otherwise, the receiver or transmitter may determine to send a NACK or a retransmission of encoded signal 504.
  • a threshold such as a target MSE
  • the receiver or transmitter may determine to send an ACK or no retransmission; otherwise, the receiver or transmitter may determine to send a NACK or a retransmission of encoded signal 504.
  • Examples 1320 and 1340 illustrate AI and non-AI based approaches by which the receiver may calculate retransmission criteria 1304 at block 1302. These different determination approaches are denoted in FIG. 13 as blocks 1302a and 1302b for deriving retransmission criteria 1304a and 1304b respectively.
  • the receiver may apply an AI model 1306, such as neural network 400, to the received signal 702 and the recovered signal 506 as inputs (or to recovered source samples in the recovered signal 506) to output a predicted MSE or other derived retransmission criteria 1304a.
  • the receiver may re-encode the recovered signal 506 using analog coding 602 (similar to the analog coding 602 performed at the transmitter) to obtain reconstructed encoded signal 1308, denoted as and the receiver may compute the distortion metric or retransmission criteria 1304b based on a comparison of this reconstructed signal 1308 with the original, received signal 702. For example, the receiver may calculate the criteria 1304b, denoted ⁇ in this example, using the formula in attempt to mimic or effectively reflect After obtaining the calculated metric, the receiver or transmitter may then determine whether to request or send the signal retransmission. For example, if the metric indicates the reconstructed signal 1308 is similar to the received signal 702 (indicating a low MSE) , an ACK or no retransmission may be sent; otherwise, a NACK or retransmission may be sent.
  • analog coding 602 similar to the analog coding 602 performed at the transmitter
  • the receiver may compute the distortion metric or retransmission criteria 1304b based on a comparison of this
  • the transmitter may generate a CRC (also referred to as parity) by performing parity calculation 1402 on these source samples of encoded signal 504 to result in CRC 1404, which CRC 1404 denoted as may have a length or size lm, and which CRC may be calculated in a same or similar manner as typical CRCs used in digital transmission.
  • the transmitter may then apply analog coding 602 to this CRC 1404 similar to that applied to encoded signal 504, but with a lower source-to-channel ratio (m: n) , thereby providing greater protection to the CRC than the data samples.
  • respective channel uses (or received points in the Archimedean spiral function) and received analog coded CRC 1408 denoted as the receiver may perform analog decoding 704 of the received points, and analog decoding 704 of the coded CRC using the same lower source-channel ratio for the coded CRC, to respectively recover source samples in received encoded signal 506 and CRC 1410 denoted as
  • the receiver may perform digital channel decoding or dequantization to obtain the original CRC.
  • the receiver may calculate a MSE or other metric from the difference between the CRCs or parities, and if this MSE or other metric is less than the threshold (the CRCs are similar or match) , the receiver may send an ACK requesting no retransmission; otherwise if this MSE or other metric is greater than or equal to the threshold, the receiver may send a NACK requesting retransmission.
  • the receiver may obtain and apply CRC 1410 or CRC 1412 as its retransmission criteria for determining whether to request a retransmission of encoded signal 504.
  • This CRC retransmission criteria may be calculated or determined per analog coding unit group or per entire allocated physical resources, such as described below with respect to FIGs. 16A and 16B, rather than per individual analog coding unit.
  • Examples of individual analog coding units are shown in FIGs. 8 and 9, where each coding unit performs analog coding 602 or analog decoding 704 for one ratio m: n of source samples to channel uses (for example using Archimedean spiral functions) .
  • the transmitter may generate the CRC 1404 from one of multiple groups of source samples in the encoded signal 504 (in this example a CRC from the aggregation of ) , which are respectively input to multiple analog coding units that perform analog coding 602 in parallel in a single analog coding unit group, rather than generating and transmitting CRC 1404 from individual ones of the source sample (s) in the encoded signal 504 (such as a CRC from only, followed by a CRC from only, etc. ) .
  • the receiver may receive CRC 1410 and reconstruct CRC 1412 based on channel uses respectively input to multiple analog coding units that perform analog decoding 704 in parallel in a single analog coding unit group.
  • the group may involve the analog coding units applied in an entirety of physical resources. This group-based approach saves CRC transmission and generation overhead, compared to that which may result from application of single analog coding units for CRCs.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates an example 1500 of a call flow diagram between wireless device 310 (the transmitter) and wireless device 350 (the receiver) in accordance with the second aspect of determining whether to request or send an analog transmission using a CRC.
  • the transmitter sends DCI 1202 scheduling the analog PDSCH (including the analog coded signal 604) and including transmission configuration 1204 for the PDSCH.
  • the transmitter also sends the analog coded CRC 1406 along with the analog PDSCH to the receiver, which detects the analog PDSCH scheduled by the DCI 1202 and decodes the analog PDSCH and analog coded CRC 1408 during analog decoding 704 to obtain the recovered encoded signal 506 and the recovered CRC 1410.
  • the receiver recalculates CRC 1412 using the recovered encoded signal 506 or analog PDSCH, and the receiver performs the retransmission determination 1414 based on a comparison of the reconstructed CRC 1412 with the analog decoded, recovered CRC 1410.
  • the receiver may then send either an ACK 1502 or a NACK 1504 to the transmitter based on the retransmission determination 1414.
  • FIGs. 16A-16B illustrate examples 1600, 1620 respectively of the third aspect, where the retransmission criteria described with respect to any of the first or second aspects in FIGs. 10-15 may be associated with an analog coding unit group 1602, 1622.
  • An analog coding unit 1604, 1624 may refer to a module or component implemented in wireless device 310, 350, for example in one or more processors of wireless device 310, 350 either via software/firmware, hardware, or a combination of software/firmware or hardware, which module or component is configured to perform at least one of analog coding 602 mapping an m-dimensional entry (such as m source symbol (s) ) of a transport block to n channel use (s) (such as physical channel resources) , or analog decoding 704 de-mapping the n channel use (s) to the m-dimensional entry, via an Archimedean spiral function or in some other manner such as described with respect to FIGs.
  • m-dimensional entry such as m source symbol (s)
  • n channel use (s) such
  • each analog coding unit group 1602, 1622 may include multiple of such analog coding units 1604, 1624.
  • each analog coding unit 1604, 1624 may be associated with pilot 1002 (such as DMRS in FIG. 10) or CRC 1406 (such as the parity in FIG. 14) , and the analog coding unit group 1602, 1622 may include the associated pilot or CRC for these analog coding units 1604, 1624.
  • the receiver or transmitter may calculate retransmission criteria, such as signal quality, distortion metrics, or CRCs, as well as feedback ACK/NACK, in the granularity of analog coding unit group 1602, 1622. For instance, when the receiver receives DMRS in the example of FIGs. 10 or 11, the receiver may measure or report the SINR 1006 or CSNR of the portions or subcarriers of DMRS specifically corresponding to the REs or channel uses mapped to the aggregated source symbol (s) of PDSCH which are analog coded 602 or analog decoded 704 in one analog coding unit group 1602. This signal quality measurement may be averaged or aggregated across the different analog coding units in the group.
  • retransmission criteria such as signal quality, distortion metrics, or CRCs, as well as feedback ACK/NACK
  • the receiver or transmitter may then determine whether retransmission is to be requested or sent at block 1008 using this granular, aggregated signal quality measured or reported for the analog coding unit group 1602.
  • the receiver at block 1302 may compute a distortion metric from the portions of received encoded signal 506 or received analog coded signal 702 that correspond to the aggregated source symbol (s) of PDSCH which are analog coded 602 or analog decoded 704 in one analog coding unit group 1602.
  • the CRC 1404, 1410, 1412 may be generated or received from the aggregated source symbol (s) or channel uses corresponding to one analog coding unit group 1622.
  • SINR or measurement reports, retransmission metric calculations, and additions of analog CRCs may be performed in a granularity of analog coding unit group 1602, 1622, and the receiver may accordingly transmit ACK/NACK feedback following a determination whether or not to request retransmission in the granularity of analog coding unit group 1602, 1622.
  • the group may involve all the analog coding units applied to an entire allocated physical resource, and thus a single SINR measurement in the first aspect, a single distortion prediction in the variation of the first aspect, and a single analog CRC in the second aspect, may be applied with the respect to all the analog coding units for the entire allocated resources.
  • the ACK/NACK feedback in all three aspects may be performed with respect to all the analog coding units for the entire allocated resources.
  • analog coding units 1604, 1624 processing samples of a transport block having similar or closer levels of semantic importance may be grouped together in a respective group 1602, 1622.
  • analog coding units 1604, 1624 respectively corresponding to may be grouped together in analog coding unit group 1602, 1622 if these source samples represent same or similar semantic features such as a red signal light. This grouping allows the transmitter and receiver to respectively encode or decode in parallel, as well as determine retransmission criteria associated with, same or similar semantic features in response to one PDSCH transmission.
  • Groups 1602, 1622 may also have different sizes or lengths, that is, different numbers of analog coding units 1604, 1624 in the group, depending on the associated semantic importance for that group. For example, groups 1602, 1622 of analog coding units processing samples of a transport block having greater semantic importance may have larger sizes, while groups 1602, 1622 processing samples of a transport block having lesser semantic importance may have smaller sizes.
  • the semantic importance associated with a given analog coding unit group may be conveyed via upper layer signaling, DCI, an RRC configuration, or in some other manner.
  • HARQ timing may depend on the semantic importance associated with the analog coded signal 604. For instance, a receiver processing time between reception of a PDSCH carrying analog coded signal 604 and transmission of a PUSCH or PUCCH carrying an ACK/NACK determined using retransmission criteria (or carrying the retransmission criteria itself in the case of transmitter determination) may be shorter for groups 1602, 1622 with greater semantic importance and longer for groups 1602, 1622 with lesser semantic importance.
  • the DCI 1202 scheduling the analog coded signal 604 in PDSCH may indicate this receiver processing time or HARQ timing, since the timing may dynamically change depending on the semantic features associated with the analog coded signal 604.
  • a PDSCH transmission including analog coded signal 604 may have multiple levels of semantic importance, for instance, multiple source samples where some of these samples correspond to one analog coding unit group while others of these samples correspond to another analog coding unit group, and thus the same PDSCH may be associated with different HARQ timing amounts (one for each analog coding unit group of different semantic importance) .
  • the receiver may perform multiple retransmission determinations and transmit multiple ACK/NACK feedback (or send multiple retransmission criteria for transmitter determination) with different HARQ timings respectively for each analog coding unit group in response to a same analog coded signal in PDSCH.
  • the analog coded signal 604 is sent in one analog PDSCH transmission, and the retransmission criteria is determined, ACK/NACK feedback is sent, or a retransmission is requested or sent, based on or responsive to that one PDSCH transmission.
  • multiple analog PDSCH transmissions may be sent in different transmission occasions within a transmission occasion window, and any of the aforementioned retransmission criteria may be determined, ACK/NACK feedback sent, or retransmission requested or sent, based on or responsive to the multiple PDSCH transmissions.
  • the receiver may monitor channel/interference, SINR, or distortion according to the aforementioned first aspect, a received signal and recovered signal according to the aforementioned variation of the first aspect, or a difference between a recalculated analog CRC and a transmitted analog CRC according to the aforementioned second aspect, continuously in time for a same HARQ process, and the transmitter may retransmit or the receiver may send ACK/NACK feedback according to a variation in any of these monitored distortion metrics or retransmission criteria over the associated transmission occasion window for that HARQ process.
  • ACK or no retransmission may be sent; otherwise, NACK or a retransmission may be sent.
  • the receiver or transmitter determines that a rate of change of the distortion metrics (one statistic example) is relatively constant or has low variance over time (one threshold example) , or that a number of occasions with poor signal quality (another statistic example) is relatively large (another threshold example) , ACK or no retransmission may be sent; otherwise NACK or retransmission may be sent.
  • device 1704 may obtain reconstructed signal 1308 from received encoded signal 506 after analog decoding 704 the analog coded signal 702 at block 1302b.
  • device 1704 may obtain a distortion metric 1718 based on at least one of the analog coded signal 604, 702 or reconstructed signal 1308, such as retransmission criteria 1304 following the determination at block 1302 in FIG. 13.
  • device 1704 may obtain a first CRC 1720 from analog coded signal 1706, such as analog coded CRC 1408 or CRC 1410 in FIG. 14.
  • Device 1704 may also obtain a second CRC 1722 from the recovered signal 1716, such as CRC 1412 from received encoded signal 506, following parity calculation 1402 in FIG. 14.
  • the device 1704 may, during retransmission determination 1414, derive a metric such as MSE from a difference between first CRC 1720 and second CRC 1722 and check whether that metric is less than a threshold to determine whether or not to request retransmission as described with respect to FIG. 14. If the device 1704 determines to request retransmission based on one or more of these criteria at block 1724, the device 1704 may transmit feedback 1726 including a NACK such as NACK 1208 or NACK 1504 to device 1702; otherwise, the device 1704 may transmit feedback 1726 including an ACK such as ACK 1206 or ACK 1502.
  • a metric such as MSE
  • transmitter device 1702 may determine (instead of receiver device 1704) whether to send retransmission of analog coded signal 1706 based on one or more of the retransmission criteria the receiver device 1704 determined at block 1712.
  • the device 1704 may transmit feedback 1732 to transmitter device 1702 including the determined criteria, such as the reference signal quality 1714 or the distortion metric 1718.
  • the transmitter device may perform a same or similar retransmission determination at block 1730 as that which the receiver device would otherwise perform at block 1724.
  • the transmitter device may compare the received criteria to target criteria based on a threshold such as previously described with respect to the receiver device. If the transmitter device 1702 determines to send the retransmission based on one or more of these criteria at block 1730, the device 1702 may proceed to send retransmission 1728 (equivalent to when the receiver sends NACK feedback) ; otherwise the transmitter device may refrain from sending retransmission 1728 (equivalent to when the receiver sends ACK feedback) .
  • a threshold such as previously described with respect to the receiver device.
  • the receiver may determine based on the statistic to provide feedback 1726 including a NACK to transmitting device 1702 to request retransmission 1728, or the transmitting device may determine based on the statistic to send retransmission (s) 1728 of analog coded signal (s) 1706 to receiving device 1704.
  • the retransmission criteria determined at block 1712, the retransmission determination (s) at block 1724, 1730, 1738, or 1740, and the feedback 1726 or 1732 sent from receiving device 1704 may be obtained, derived, calculated, or performed per analog coding unit group 1602, 1622 as described with respect to FIGs. 16A-16B.
  • the analog coding units 1604, 1624, the size of analog coding unit groups 1602, 1622, or a HARQ timing 1742 between reception of analog coded signal (s) 1706 and transmission of feedback 1726 or feedback 1732 may depend on a semantic importance associated with analog coded signal (s) 1706.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart 1800 of an example method or process for wireless communication performable at a first wireless device.
  • the method may be performed by a UE or a base station acting as a receiver, such as the UE 104, base station 102/180, disaggregated base station 181, wireless device 350, receiver wireless device 1704, the apparatus 2002, or its components as described herein.
  • the first wireless device may receive DCI scheduling an analog coded signal.
  • block 1802 may be performed by reception component 2030.
  • device 1704 may receive DCI 1202 scheduling a PDSCH including analog coded signal 1706.
  • the first wireless device may obtain a signal quality of the reference signal.
  • block 1808 may be performed by receiver retransmission component 2040.
  • device 1704 may obtain reference signal quality 1714 of reference signal 1708.
  • the first wireless device may obtain a distortion metric based on at least one of the received analog coded signal or a recovered signal from the received analog coded signal.
  • block 1810 may be performed by receiver retransmission component 2040.
  • device 1704 may obtain distortion metric 1718 based on at least one of analog coded signal 1706 or recovered signal 1716.
  • the first wireless device may obtain a CRC included in the received analog coded signal, the CRC being a first CRC.
  • block 1812 may be performed by receiver retransmission component 2040.
  • device 1704 may obtain first CRC 1720 included in analog coded signal 1706.
  • the first wireless device may obtain a second CRC from the recovered signal from the received analog coded signal.
  • block 1814 may be performed by receiver retransmission component 2040.
  • device 1704 may obtain second CRC 1722 from recovered signal 1716 from analog coded signal 1706.
  • the CRC and the second CRC may be associated with an analog coding unit group including a plurality of analog coding units respectively mapping a first quantity of data samples to a second quantity of channel resources, such as analog coding unit group 1602 or analog coding unit group 1622 including analog coding units 1604 or analog coding units 1624 respectively mapping m source samples to n channel uses.
  • the first wireless device may obtain, for each of multiple respective transmission occasions in a transmission occasion window including a plurality of analog coded signals, a distortion metric associated with a corresponding one of the analog coded signals.
  • block 1816 may be performed by receiver retransmission component 2040.
  • device 1704 may obtain distortion metric 1718 for each analog coded signal 1706 received in different transmission occasions 1710 in transmission occasion window 1734.
  • Each distortion metric may be based on one of various retransmission criteria, including a signal quality of the reference signal from the wireless device such as reference signal quality 1714, at least one of a corresponding one of the analog coded signals such as analog coded signal 1706 or a recovered signal from the corresponding one of the analog coded signals such as recovered signal 1716, or a CRC included in the corresponding one of the analog coded signals such as first CRC 1720.
  • a signal quality of the reference signal from the wireless device such as reference signal quality 1714
  • at least one of a corresponding one of the analog coded signals such as analog coded signal 1706 or a recovered signal from the corresponding one of the analog coded signals such as recovered signal 1716
  • a CRC included in the corresponding one of the analog coded signals such as first CRC 1720.
  • the first wireless device may determine whether to request retransmission of the analog coded signal based on at least one of various retransmission criteria. For example, block 1818 may be performed by receiver retransmission component 2040. For instance, referring to the Figures, device 1704 may determine at block 1724 whether to request retransmission 1728 of analog coded signal 1706 based on at least one of the criteria determined at block 1712.
  • the first wireless device may determine whether to request retransmission of the analog coded signal based on the signal quality obtained at block 1808. For instance, referring to the Figures, device 1704 may determine at block 1724 whether to request retransmission 1728 based on reference signal quality 1714.
  • the first wireless device may determine whether to request retransmission of the analog coded signal based on the distortion metric obtained at block 1810. For instance, referring to the Figures, device 1704 may determine at block 1724 whether to request retransmission 1728 based on distortion metric 1718.
  • the first wireless device may determine whether to request retransmission of the analog coded signal based on the first CRC and the second CRC respectively obtained at blocks 1812 and 1814 respectively.
  • device 1704 may determine at block 1724 whether to request retransmission 1728 based on first CRC 1720 and second CRC 1722.
  • the first wireless device may determine whether to request retransmission of analog coded signals based on a statistic associated with the distortion metrics obtained at block 1816. For instance, referring to the Figures, device 1704 may obtain a statistic associated with distortion metrics 1718 or other retransmission criteria at block 1736, and device 1704 may then determine at block 1738 whether to request retransmission 1728 based on the obtained statistic.
  • the first wireless device transmits, to the second wireless device, feedback associated with the analog coded signal.
  • block 1830 may be performed by transmission component 2034.
  • the feedback may be a NACK or an ACK determined based at least in part on one of various retransmission criteria.
  • the feedback is the retransmission criteria itself.
  • device 1704 may transmit feedback 1726 (ACK/NACK feedback) associated with analog coded signal 1706, or feedback 1732 (criteria feedback) associated with analog coded signal 1706, to device 1702.
  • the ACK/NACK feedback may be determined based on the signal quality of the reference signal associated with the analog coded signal and obtained at block 1808.
  • the first wireless device may transmit the NACK or the ACK as the feedback to the second wireless device based on the determination at block 1820 (or at blocks 1820 and 1822) based on the signal quality.
  • device 1704 may determine feedback 1726 to be ACK or NACK at block 1724 based on reference signal quality 1714, and device 1704 may transmit the ACK or NACK accordingly in feedback 1726 to device 1702.
  • the ACK/NACK feedback may be determined based on the distortion metric associated with at least one of the analog coded signal or the recovered signal from the analog coded signal and obtained at block 1810.
  • the first wireless device may transmit the NACK or the ACK as the feedback to the second wireless device based on the determination at block 1824 based on the distortion metric.
  • feedback 1726 may be determined to be ACK or NACK at block 1724 based on distortion metric 1718, and device 1704 may transmit the ACK or NACK accordingly in feedback 1726 to device 1702.
  • the ACK/NACK feedback may be determined based on the CRC included in the analog coded signal and obtained at block 1812.
  • the first wireless device may transmit the NACK or the ACK as the feedback to the second wireless device based on the determination at block 1826 based on the first CRC and the second CRC.
  • feedback 1726 may be determined to be ACK or NACK at block 1724 based on first CRC 1720 and second CRC 1722, and device 1704 may transmit the ACK or NACK accordingly in feedback 1726 to device 1702.
  • the first wireless device may transmit the NACK or the ACK as the feedback based on the determination at block 1828 based on the statistic.
  • feedback 1726 may be determined to be ACK or NACK at block 1738 based on the obtained statistic at block 1736, and device 1704 may transmit the ACK or NACK accordingly in feedback 1726 to device 1702.
  • the criteria feedback may be the signal quality.
  • the first wireless device may transmit the signal quality determined at block 1820 as the feedback to the second wireless device.
  • device 1704 may transmit reference signal quality 1714 to device 1702 in feedback 1732.
  • the criteria feedback may be the distortion metric.
  • the first wireless device may transmit the distortion metric determined at block 1824 as the feedback to the wireless device.
  • device 1704 may transmit distortion metric 1718 or the statistic obtained at block 1736 to device 1702 in feedback 1732.
  • the first wireless device may receive, from the second wireless device, a retransmission of the analog coded signal determined based on the feedback transmitted at block 1830.
  • block 1838 may be performed by reception component 2030.
  • device 1704 may receive retransmission 1728 of analog coded signal 1706 from device 1702 in response to feedback 1726 or feedback 1732.
  • Device 1702 may determine to send retransmission 1728 if feedback 1726 is NACK, or based on similar criteria determinations at block 1730 or block 1740 if feedback 1732 is received.
  • the feedback at block 1830 may correspond to the analog coding unit group, and this feedback or the retransmission at block 1838 of the analog coded signal may be determined based on the retransmission criteria corresponding to the analog coding unit group.
  • feedback 1726, 1732 may correspond to analog coding unit group 1602, 1622
  • feedback 1726, 1732 or retransmission 1728 may be determined at blocks 1724, 1730, 1738, or 1740 based on retransmission criteria corresponding to analog coding unit group 1602, 1622.
  • the first wireless device may transmit DCI scheduling an analog coded signal.
  • block 1902 may be performed by transmission component 2034.
  • device 1702 may transmit DCI 1202 scheduling a PDSCH including analog coded signal 1706.
  • the first wireless device may transmit, to the second wireless device, an analog coded signal.
  • block 1906 may be performed by transmission component 2034.
  • device 1702 may transmit analog coded signal 1706 to device 1704.
  • the criteria feedback may be the distortion metric.
  • the first wireless device may receive, as the feedback from the wireless device, the distortion metric associated with the at least one of the analog coded signal or the recovered signal from the analog coded signal.
  • device 1702 may receive distortion metric 1718 from device 1704 in feedback 1732.
  • the feedback received at block 1908 may correspond to a transmission occasion window including a plurality of analog coded signals in respective transmission occasions including the analog coded signal
  • the first wireless device may receive the NACK or the ACK as the feedback at block 1910 based on a statistic associated with distortion metrics associated with the respective transmission occasions.
  • each of the distortion metrics may be associated with a corresponding one of the analog coded signals in the transmission occasion window.
  • device 1702 may receive feedback 1726 from device 1704 including an ACK or NACK determined at block 1738 from a statistic derived from distortion metrics 1718 at block 1736, where each of the distortion metrics is based on one of the analog coded signals 1706 transmitted in different transmission occasions 1710 in transmission occasion window 1734.
  • the distortion metrics may be respectively based on: the signal quality of the reference signal such as reference signal quality 1714, at least one of the corresponding one of the analog coded signals such as analog coded signal 1706 or the recovered signal from the corresponding one of the analog coded signals such as recovered signal 1716, or the CRC included in the corresponding one of the analog coded signals such as first CRC 1720.
  • the first wireless device may determine whether to send a retransmission of the analog coded signal to the wireless device based on the feedback obtained at block 1908.
  • block 1916 may be performed by transmitter retransmission component 2042.
  • device 1702 may determine at block 1730 or block 1740 whether to send retransmission 1728 of analog coded signal 1706 based on feedback 1726 or feedback 1732.
  • the first wireless device may determine whether to send the retransmission of the analog coded signal based on the received ACK/NACK feedback at block 1910. For instance, referring to the Figures, device 1702 may send retransmission 1728 to device 1704 in response to determining that feedback 1726 includes NACK, while refraining from sending retransmission 1728 if feedback 1726 is instead determined to include ACK.
  • the first wireless device may determine whether to send the retransmission of the analog coded signal based on the received distortion metric feedback at block 1914. For instance, referring to the Figures, device 1702 may determine at block 1730 or block 1740 whether to send retransmission 1728 of analog coded signal 1706 based on feedback 1732 including distortion metric 1718 or the statistic obtained at block 1736, and device 1702 may either send retransmission 1728 or refrain from sending retransmission 1728 based on this determination.
  • the analog coded signal may be associated with an analog coding unit group including a plurality of analog coding units respectively mapping a first quantity of data samples to a second quantity of channel resources, and the feedback at block 1910 or the retransmission at block 1924 may be determined based on the retransmission criteria corresponding to the analog coding unit group.
  • analog coded signal 1706 may be associated with analog coding unit group 1602, 1622 including analog coding units 1604, 1624 respectively mapping m source samples to n channel uses.
  • feedback 1726, 1732 or retransmission 1728 may correspond to analog coding unit group 1602, 1622, and feedback 1726, 1732 or retransmission 1728 may be determined at blocks 1724, 1730, 1738, or 1740 based on retransmission criteria corresponding to analog coding unit group 1602, 1622.
  • This criteria may include: the signal quality of the reference signal (such as reference signal quality 1714) , the distortion metric based on at least one of the analog coded signal or the recovered signal from the analog coded signal (such as distortion metric 1718) , or the CRC included in the analog coded signal (such as first CRC 1720) .
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram 2000 illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 2002 such as a wireless device according to the various aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the apparatus 2002 may be a UE such as UE 104 and includes one or more cellular baseband processors 2004 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to a cellular RF transceiver 2022 and one or more subscriber identity modules (SIM) cards 2020, an application processor 2006 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 2008 and a screen 2010, a Bluetooth module 2012, a wireless local area network (WLAN) module 2014, a Global Positioning System (GPS) module 2016, and a power supply 2018.
  • cellular baseband processors 2004 also referred to as a modem
  • SIM subscriber identity modules
  • SD secure digital
  • SD secure digital
  • Bluetooth module 2012 a wireless local area network
  • WLAN wireless local area network
  • GPS Global Positioning System
  • the one or more cellular baseband processors 2004 or baseband units may each include a computer-readable medium /one or more memories.
  • the computer-readable medium /one or more memories may be non-transitory.
  • the one or more cellular baseband processors 2004 or baseband units are responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored on the computer-readable medium /one or more memories individually or in combination.
  • the software when executed by the one or more cellular baseband processors 2004 or baseband units, causes the one or more cellular baseband processors 2004 or baseband units to, individually or in combination, perform the various functions described supra.
  • the apparatus 2002 may act or operate as a receiver or a transmitter at a given time.
  • the reception component 2030 may be configured to receive DCI scheduling an analog coded signal, such as described in connection with block 1802 of FIG. 18, to receive a reference signal from a second wireless device, such as described in connection with block 1804 of FIG. 18, to receive from the second wireless device an analog coded signal, such as described in connection with block 1806 of FIG. 18, and to receive a retransmission of the analog coded signal determined based on transmitted feedback, such as described in connection with block 1838 of FIG. 18.
  • the communication manager 2032 may include a receiver retransmission component 2040 that is configured to obtain a signal quality of the reference signal, such as described in connection with block 1808 of FIG.
  • the transmission component 2034 may be configured to transmit DCI scheduling an analog coded signal, such as described in connection with block 1902 of FIG. 19, to transmit a reference signal to a second wireless device, such as described in connection with block 1904 of FIG. 19, to transmit an analog coded signal to the second wireless device, such as described in connection with block 1906 of FIG. 19, and to send to the second wireless device a retransmission based on obtained and determined feedback such as described in connection with block 1924 of FIG. 19.
  • the reception component 2030 may be configured to receive feedback associated with the analog coded signal from the second wireless device, such as described in connection with blocks 1908, 1910, 1912, and 1914 of FIG. 19.
  • the communication manager 2032 may include a transmitter retransmission component 2042 that is configured to determine whether to send a retransmission of the analog coded signal to the wireless device based on the obtained feedback, such as described in connection with blocks 1916, 1918, 1920, and 1922 of FIG. 19.
  • the apparatus may include additional components that perform each of the blocks of the algorithm in the aforementioned flowcharts of FIGs. 17-19. As such, each block in the aforementioned flowcharts of FIGs. 17-19 may be performed by a component and the apparatus may include one or more of those components.
  • the components may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to carry out the stated processes/algorithm, implemented by one or more processors individually or in combination configured to perform the stated processes/algorithm, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by one or more processors, or some combination thereof.
  • the apparatus 2002 includes means for receiving from a second wireless device, an analog coded signal; and means for transmitting, to the second wireless device, feedback associated with the analog coded signal, the feedback being one of: a NACK or an ACK determined based at least in part on: a signal quality of a reference signal associated with the analog coded signal, a distortion metric associated with at least one of the analog coded signal or a recovered signal from the analog coded signal, or a CRC included in the analog coded signal, or the signal quality or the distortion metric.
  • the apparatus 2002 includes means for transmitting, to a wireless device, an analog coded signal; means for receiving feedback associated with the analog coded signal from the wireless device, the feedback being one of: a NACK or an ACK determined based at least in part on: a signal quality of a reference signal associated with the analog coded signal, a distortion metric associated with at least one of the analog coded signal or a recovered signal from the analog coded signal, or a CRC included in the analog coded signal, or the signal quality or the distortion metric; and means for determining whether to send a retransmission of the analog coded signal to the wireless device based on the feedback and sending, to the wireless device, the retransmission based on the determination.
  • the aforementioned means may be one or more of the aforementioned components of the apparatus 2002 configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.
  • the apparatus 2002 may include the one or more TX Processors 316, 368, the one or more RX Processors 356, 370, and the one or more controllers/processors 359, 375.
  • the aforementioned means may be at least one of the one or more TX Processors 316, 368, at least one of the one or more RX Processors 356, 370, or at least one of the one or more controllers/processors 359, 375 individually or in any combination configured to perform the functions recited by the aforementioned means.
  • Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and/or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C.
  • combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C, ” “one or more of A, B, or C, ” “at least one of A, B, and C, ” “one or more of A, B, and C, ” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be A only, B only, C only, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combinations may contain one or more member or members of A, B, or C.
  • a processor, at least one processor, and/or one or more processors, individually or in combination, configured to perform or operable for performing a plurality of actions is meant to include at least two different processors able to perform different, overlapping or non-overlapping subsets of the plurality actions, or a single processor able to perform all of the plurality of actions.
  • a description of a processor, at least one processor, and/or one or more processors configured or operable to perform actions X, Y, and Z may include at least a first processor configured or operable to perform a first subset of X, Y, and Z (e.g., to perform X) and at least a second processor configured or operable to perform a second subset of X, Y, and Z (e.g., to perform Y and Z) .
  • a first processor, a second processor, and a third processor may be respectively configured or operable to perform a respective one of actions X, Y, and Z. It should be understood that any combination of one or more processors each may be configured or operable to perform any one or any combination of a plurality of actions.
  • a memory at least one memory, a computer-readable medium, and/or one or more memories, individually or in combination, configured to store or having stored thereon instructions executable by one or more processors for performing a plurality of actions (such as the functions described supra) is meant to include at least two different memories able to store different, overlapping or non-overlapping subsets of the instructions for performing different, overlapping or non-overlapping subsets of the plurality actions, or a single memory able to store the instructions for performing all of the plurality of actions.
  • a description of a memory, at least one memory, a computer-readable medium, and/or one or more memories configured or operable to store or having stored thereon instructions for performing actions X, Y, and Z may include at least a first memory configured or operable to store or having stored thereon a first subset of instructions for performing a first subset of X, Y, and Z (e.g., instructions to perform X) and at least a second memory configured or operable to store or having stored thereon a second subset of instructions for performing a second subset of X, Y, and Z (e.g., instructions to perform Y and Z) .
  • a first memory, a second memory, and a third memory may be respectively configured to store or have stored thereon a respective one of a first subset of instructions for performing X, a second subset of instruction for performing Y, and a third subset of instructions for performing Z.
  • any combination of one or more memories each may be configured or operable to store or have stored thereon any one or any combination of instructions executable by one or more processors to perform any one or any combination of a plurality of actions.
  • one or more processors may each be coupled to at least one of the one or more memories and configured or operable to execute the instructions to perform the plurality of actions.
  • a first processor may be coupled to a first memory storing instructions for performing action X
  • at least a second processor may be coupled to at least a second memory storing instructions for performing actions Y and Z
  • the first processor and the second processor may, in combination, execute the respective subset of instructions to accomplish performing actions X, Y, and Z.
  • three processors may access one of three different memories each storing one of instructions for performing X, Y, or Z, and the three processors may in combination execute the respective subset of instruction to accomplish performing actions X, Y, and Z.
  • a single processor may execute the instructions stored on a single memory, or distributed across multiple memories, to accomplish performing actions X, Y, and Z.
  • An apparatus for wireless communication comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors each communicatively coupled with at least one of the one or more memories, the one or more processors, individually or in any combination, operable to cause the apparatus to: receive, from a wireless device, an analog coded signal; and transmit, to the wireless device, feedback associated with the analog coded signal, the feedback being one of: an non-acknowledgement (NACK) or an acknowledgment (ACK) determined based at least in part on: a signal quality of a reference signal associated with the analog coded signal, a distortion metric associated with at least one of the analog coded signal or a recovered signal from the analog coded signal, or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) included in the analog coded signal, or the signal quality or the distortion metric.
  • NACK non-acknowledgement
  • ACK acknowledgment
  • CRC cyclic redundancy check
  • Clause 2 The apparatus of clause 1, wherein the one or more processors, individually or in any combination, are operable to cause the apparatus to: receive downlink control information (DCI) scheduling the analog coded signal; receive the reference signal from the wireless device; obtain the signal quality of the reference signal; determine whether to request retransmission of the analog coded signal based on one of: the signal quality; or the signal quality and an indication in the DCI of a transmission configuration of the analog coded signal; and transmit the NACK or the ACK as the feedback to the wireless device based on the determination based on the signal quality.
  • DCI downlink control information
  • Clause 3 The apparatus of clause 1, wherein the one or more processors, individually or in any combination, are operable to cause the apparatus to: receive the reference signal from the wireless device; obtain the signal quality of the reference signal; and transmit the signal quality as the feedback to the wireless device.
  • Clause 4 The apparatus of any of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the one or more processors, individually or in any combination, are operable to cause the apparatus to: obtain the distortion metric based on the at least one of the received analog coded signal or the recovered signal from the received analog coded signal; determine whether to request retransmission of the analog coded signal based on the distortion metric; and transmit the NACK or the ACK as the feedback based on the determination based on the distortion metric.
  • Clause 5 The apparatus of any of clauses 1 to 3, wherein the one or more processors, individually or in any combination, are operable to cause the apparatus to: obtain the distortion metric based on the at least one of the received analog coded signal or the recovered signal from the received analog coded signal; and transmit the distortion metric as the feedback to the wireless device.
  • Clause 6 The apparatus of any of clauses 1 to 5, wherein the distortion metric is an artificial intelligence (AI) predicted metric based on the received analog coded signal and the recovered signal from the received analog coded signal.
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • Clause 7 The apparatus of any of clauses 1 to 5, wherein the distortion metric is a function of the received analog coded signal and an encoded recovered signal from the received analog coded signal.
  • Clause 8 The apparatus of any of clauses 1 to 7, wherein the one or more processors, individually or in any combination, are operable to cause the apparatus to: obtain the CRC included in the received analog coded signal, the CRC being a first CRC; obtain a second CRC from the recovered signal from the received analog coded signal; determine whether to request retransmission of the analog coded signal based on the first CRC and the second CRC; and transmit the NACK or the ACK as the feedback based on the determination based on the first CRC and the second CRC.
  • Clause 9 The apparatus of clause 8, wherein the CRC and the second CRC are associated with an analog coding unit group including a plurality of analog coding units respectively mapping a first quantity of data samples to a second quantity of channel resources.
  • Clause 10 The apparatus of any of clauses 1 to 9, wherein the analog coded signal is associated with an analog coding unit mapping a first quantity of data samples to a second quantity of channel resources.
  • Clause 11 The apparatus of any of clauses 1 to 10, wherein the analog coded signal is associated with an analog coding unit group including a plurality of analog coding units respectively mapping a first quantity of data samples to a second quantity of channel resources, the feedback corresponds to the analog coding unit group, and the feedback or a retransmission of the analog coded signal is determined based on: the signal quality of the reference signal from the wireless device, the distortion metric based on at least one of the received analog coded signal or the recovered signal from the received analog coded signal, or the CRC included in the analog coded signal.
  • Clause 12 The apparatus of clause 11, wherein a quantity of the analog coding units in the analog coding unit group, the analog coding units selected for the analog coding unit group, or a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) timing between reception of the analog coded signal and transmission of the feedback, is based on a semantic importance associated with the analog coding unit group.
  • HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request
  • Clause 13 The apparatus of any of clauses 1 to 12, wherein the one or more processors, individually or in any combination, are operable to cause the apparatus to: receive, from the wireless device, a retransmission of the analog coded signal determined based on the feedback.
  • Clause 14 The apparatus of any of clauses 1 to 13, wherein the feedback corresponds to a transmission occasion including the analog coded signal.
  • Clause 15 The apparatus of any of clauses 1 to 13, wherein the feedback corresponds to a transmission occasion window including a plurality of analog coded signals in respective transmission occasions including the analog coded signal.
  • Clause 16 The apparatus of clause 15, wherein the one or more processors, individually or in any combination, are operable to cause the apparatus to: obtain, for each of the respective transmission occasions, the distortion metric associated with a corresponding one of the analog coded signals based on: the signal quality of the reference signal from the wireless device, at least one of the corresponding one of the analog coded signals or the recovered signal from the corresponding one of the analog coded signals, or the CRC included in the corresponding one of the analog coded signals; determine whether to request retransmission of the analog coded signals based on a statistic associated with the distortion metrics; and transmit the NACK or the ACK as the feedback based on the determination based on the statistic.
  • An apparatus for wireless communication comprising: one or more memories; and one or more processors each communicatively coupled with at least one of the one or more memories, the one or more processors, individually or in any combination, operable to cause the apparatus to: transmit, to a wireless device, an analog coded signal; receive feedback associated with the analog coded signal from the wireless device, the feedback being one of: an non-acknowledgement (NACK) or an acknowledgment (ACK) determined based at least in part on: a signal quality of a reference signal associated with the analog coded signal, a distortion metric associated with at least one of the analog coded signal or a recovered signal from the analog coded signal, or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) included in the analog coded signal, or the signal quality or the distortion metric; determine whether to send a retransmission of the analog coded signal to the wireless device based on the feedback; and send, to the wireless device, the retransmission based on the determination.
  • NACK non-acknowledgement
  • ACK
  • Clause 18 The apparatus of clause 17, wherein the one or more processors, individually or in any combination, are operable to cause the apparatus to: transmit downlink control information (DCI) scheduling the analog coded signal; transmit the reference signal to the wireless device; receive, as the feedback from the wireless device, the NACK or the ACK determined based on one of: the signal quality of the reference signal; or the signal quality and an indication in the DCI of a transmission configuration of the analog coded signal; and send the retransmission to the wireless device based on the feedback being determined to be the NACK.
  • DCI downlink control information
  • Clause 19 The apparatus of clause 17, wherein the one or more processors, individually or in any combination, are operable to cause the apparatus to: transmit the reference signal to the wireless device; receive the signal quality of the reference signal as the feedback from the wireless device; determine whether to send the retransmission of the analog coded signal based on the received signal quality; and send the retransmission to the wireless device based on the determination based on the received signal quality.
  • Clause 20 The apparatus of any of clauses 17 to 19, wherein the one or more processors, individually or in any combination, are operable to cause the apparatus to: receive, as the feedback from the wireless device, the NACK or the ACK determined based on the distortion metric associated with the at least one of the analog coded signal or the recovered signal from the analog coded signal; and send the retransmission to the wireless device based on the feedback being determined to be the NACK.
  • Clause 21 The apparatus of any of clauses 17 to 19, wherein the one or more processors, individually or in any combination, are operable to cause the apparatus to: receive, as the feedback from the wireless device, the distortion metric associated with the at least one of the analog coded signal or the recovered signal from the analog coded signal; determine whether to send the retransmission of the analog coded signal based on the received distortion metric; and send the retransmission to the wireless device based on the determination based on the received distortion metric.
  • Clause 22 The apparatus of any of clauses 17 to 21, wherein the distortion metric is an artificial intelligence (AI) predicted metric based on the analog coded signal and the recovered signal from the analog coded signal.
  • AI artificial intelligence
  • Clause 23 The apparatus of any of clauses 17 to 21, wherein the distortion metric is a function of the analog coded signal and an encoded recovered signal from the analog coded signal.
  • Clause 24 The apparatus of any of clauses 17 to 23, wherein the CRC included in the analog coded signal is a first CRC, and the one or more processors, individually or in any combination, are operable to cause the apparatus to: receive the NACK or the ACK as the feedback from the wireless device based on the first CRC and a second CRC, the second CRC being from the recovered signal from the analog coded signal; and send the retransmission to the wireless device based on the feedback being determined to be the NACK.
  • the CRC included in the analog coded signal is a first CRC
  • the one or more processors individually or in any combination, are operable to cause the apparatus to: receive the NACK or the ACK as the feedback from the wireless device based on the first CRC and a second CRC, the second CRC being from the recovered signal from the analog coded signal; and send the retransmission to the wireless device based on the feedback being determined to be the NACK.
  • Clause 25 The apparatus of clause 24, wherein the CRC and the second CRC are associated with an analog coding unit group including a plurality of analog coding units respectively mapping a first quantity of data samples to a second quantity of channel resources.
  • Clause 26 The apparatus of any of clauses 17 to 25, wherein the analog coded signal is associated with an analog coding unit group including a plurality of analog coding units respectively mapping a first quantity of data samples to a second quantity of channel resources, and the feedback or the retransmission is determined based on: the signal quality of the reference signal, the distortion metric based on at least one of the analog coded signal or the recovered signal from the analog coded signal, or the CRC included in the analog coded signal.
  • Clause 27 The apparatus of clause 26, wherein a quantity of the analog coding units in the analog coding unit group, the analog coding units selected for the analog coding unit group, or a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) timing between transmission of the analog coded signal and reception of the feedback, is based on a semantic importance associated with the analog coding unit group.
  • HARQ hybrid automatic repeat request
  • Clause 28 The apparatus of any of clauses 17 to 27, wherein the feedback corresponds to a transmission occasion window including a plurality of analog coded signals in respective transmission occasions including the analog coded signal, and the one or more processors, individually or in any combination, are operable to cause the apparatus to: receive the NACK or the ACK as the feedback based on a statistic associated with distortion metrics associated with the respective transmission occasions, each of the distortion metrics being associated with a corresponding one of the analog coded signals, and the distortion metrics being respectively based on: the signal quality of the reference signal, at least one of the corresponding one of the analog coded signals or the recovered signal from the corresponding one of the analog coded signals, or the CRC included in the corresponding one of the analog coded signals.
  • a method of wireless communication performable at a first wireless device comprising: receiving from a second wireless device, an analog coded signal; and transmitting, to the second wireless device, feedback associated with the analog coded signal, the feedback being one of: an non-acknowledgement (NACK) or an acknowledgment (ACK) determined based at least in part on: a signal quality of a reference signal associated with the analog coded signal, a distortion metric associated with at least one of the analog coded signal or a recovered signal from the analog coded signal, or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) included in the analog coded signal, or the signal quality or the distortion metric.
  • NACK non-acknowledgement
  • ACK acknowledgment
  • CRC cyclic redundancy check
  • a method of wireless communication performable at a first wireless device comprising: transmitting, to a wireless device, an analog coded signal; receiving feedback associated with the analog coded signal from the wireless device, the feedback being one of: an non-acknowledgement (NACK) or an acknowledgment (ACK) determined based at least in part on: a signal quality of a reference signal associated with the analog coded signal, a distortion metric associated with at least one of the analog coded signal or a recovered signal from the analog coded signal, or a cyclic redundancy check (CRC) included in the analog coded signal, or the signal quality or the distortion metric; determining whether to send a retransmission of the analog coded signal to the wireless device based on the feedback; and sending, to the wireless device, the retransmission based on the determination.
  • NACK non-acknowledgement
  • ACK acknowledgment
  • CRC cyclic redundancy check

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

La présente divulgation propose des approches pour déterminer des critères de retransmission dans des systèmes de communication sans fil, axées en particulier sur des systèmes de transmission analogiques. Les procédés et les appareils proposés améliorent l'efficacité et la précision de transmission d'informations en utilisant des critères tels que la qualité de signal, des métriques de distorsion ou des vérifications de redondance cyclique pour déterminer s'il faut demander ou effectuer une retransmission d'un signal codé analogique. Sont proposés en conséquence des procédés de communication sans fil pouvant être exécutés à la fois au niveau d'un premier dispositif sans fil (émetteur) et d'un second dispositif sans fil (récepteur) qui impliquent que l'émetteur envoie un signal codé analogique au récepteur, et le récepteur détermine des critères de retransmission sur la base du signal reçu et transmet une rétroaction à l'émetteur. La rétroaction peut être un non-accusé de réception ou un accusé de réception déterminé sur la base des critères susmentionnés, ou la rétroaction peut être les critères eux-mêmes. En réponse à la rétroaction, l'émetteur détermine s'il faut envoyer une retransmission du signal codé analogique.
PCT/CN2023/139083 2023-12-15 2023-12-15 Critères de retransmission pour schémas de transmission sémantiques et analogiques Pending WO2025123320A1 (fr)

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Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170085302A1 (en) * 2014-06-09 2017-03-23 Kyocera Corporation Wireless communication device and method of controlling signal processing
CN109963125A (zh) * 2019-04-11 2019-07-02 湖北大学 一种基于增强层重传的车载监控视频混合数模传输方法
US20230217298A1 (en) * 2021-12-31 2023-07-06 Comcast Cable Communications, Llc Quality Management for Wireless Devices
US20230262483A1 (en) * 2022-01-25 2023-08-17 Qualcomm Incorporated Protocol stack for analog communication in split architecture network for machine learning (ml) functions

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20170085302A1 (en) * 2014-06-09 2017-03-23 Kyocera Corporation Wireless communication device and method of controlling signal processing
CN109963125A (zh) * 2019-04-11 2019-07-02 湖北大学 一种基于增强层重传的车载监控视频混合数模传输方法
US20230217298A1 (en) * 2021-12-31 2023-07-06 Comcast Cable Communications, Llc Quality Management for Wireless Devices
US20230262483A1 (en) * 2022-01-25 2023-08-17 Qualcomm Incorporated Protocol stack for analog communication in split architecture network for machine learning (ml) functions

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