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WO2025123112A1 - Structural reinforcement of unsupported diagonals of gasketed plate heat exchangers - Google Patents

Structural reinforcement of unsupported diagonals of gasketed plate heat exchangers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025123112A1
WO2025123112A1 PCT/BR2024/050582 BR2024050582W WO2025123112A1 WO 2025123112 A1 WO2025123112 A1 WO 2025123112A1 BR 2024050582 W BR2024050582 W BR 2024050582W WO 2025123112 A1 WO2025123112 A1 WO 2025123112A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
structural reinforcement
unsupported
heat exchanger
diagonals
gasket
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/BR2024/050582
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French (fr)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Fabricio SOARES DA SILVA
Andre SAMPAIO MONTEIRO
Leonel EDWARD BECKEDORFF
Jorge Luiz GOES OLIVEIRA
Giovani SILVEIRA DE MAGALHÃES MARTINS
Mateus DE SOUSA ZANZI
Felipe Jose DOS SANTOS
Kleber VIEIRA DE PAIVA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Petroleo Brasileiro SA Petrobras
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
Original Assignee
Petroleo Brasileiro SA Petrobras
Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina
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Publication date
Priority claimed from BR102023026375-5A external-priority patent/BR102023026375A2/en
Application filed by Petroleo Brasileiro SA Petrobras, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina filed Critical Petroleo Brasileiro SA Petrobras
Publication of WO2025123112A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025123112A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/08Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/007Auxiliary supports for elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the technical fields of sealing arrangements and structural elements in heat exchangers. More specifically, the present invention relates to a structural reinforcement of the unsupported diagonals of gasketed plate heat exchangers. Fundamentals of the invention [002] Heat exchangers are equipment that perform heat transfer between two or more fluids based on the temperature difference between the fluid streams. This equipment is widely used in various segments of the chemical industry, food processing, refrigeration, oil and gas industry, among others. [003] In order to supply various areas of application, different models of heat exchangers have been developed.
  • the main classifications of the equipment are in relation to the heat transfer process, construction aspects, heat exchange mechanism, flow arrangement and compactness.
  • the heat transfer process can be direct or indirect contact. In indirect contact, the transfer of thermal energy occurs through a wall that separates the two fluids, that is, the fluids do not come into contact. In the direct contact process, the heat transfer occurs at the interface between the fluids in contact.
  • the main classifications are: single-phase convection in both branches, single-phase convection in one branch and convection with phase change in the other branch, or convection with phase change in both branches.
  • the three basic types of flow arrangement are: parallel, countercurrent and cross.
  • the fluids In parallel flow, the fluids enter the same end of the heat exchanger, flow in the same direction and direction, and exit through the other end. In countercurrent flow, the fluids flow in the same direction, but in opposite directions. In cross flow, the fluids flow perpendicular to each other.
  • the compactness factor is used to classify heat exchangers in relation to the level of compactness. This is calculated by the ratio between the total heat transfer area and the volume occupied by the equipment. Compact heat exchangers generally have a compactness factor greater than 700 m2 of heat exchange area per m3 of equipment.
  • heat exchangers can be classified in relation to construction features. The most commonly used models in the industry are: shell and tube, tubular, finned or plate heat exchangers.
  • gasketed plate heat exchangers can involve temperatures up to 275 °C and pressures up to 20 bar.
  • a typical gasketed plate heat exchanger consists of a sequence of thin plates corrugated by forming and with holes at opposite ends to allow fluid flow. As illustrated in Figure 1, to allow fluid flow in a channel, a gasket (also called joints) placed at the ends of a pair of plates seals this channel.
  • the exchangers can have different configurations according to the application needs, changing the number of plates, passes, channels, inlet and outlet connections, as well as the type of flow in the channels. In this sense, the gaskets can be used in different ways according to the desired flow distribution.
  • heat exchangers are generally composed of a series of plates and gaskets positioned alternately, and compressed at the ends by thick plates, called fixed and mobile.
  • the flow configurations in the ports or manifolds can be in the form of “U” or “Z”.
  • the single-pass countercurrent arrangement is adopted, where hot fluid and cold fluid flows are alternated.
  • Each plate has four holes for the flow to pass through, forming ducts for distributing hot and cold fluids, and ducts for collecting fluids leaving the channels.
  • Figure 3 illustrates, for illustrative purposes, a typical chevron plate with some of the main regions highlighted, namely: plate guide, distribution region, heat exchange area, gasket, unsupported diagonal and nozzle.
  • Gaskets promote the sealing of the channels, in addition to directing cold and hot fluids to their respective channels. They are generally manufactured with specific rubbers, which offer good mechanical and chemical properties and good thermal resistance depending on their selection.
  • In the central part of the channels there are several contact points resulting from the geometry of the corrugations and the tightening of the heat exchanger by tie rods. The contact regions promote increased rigidity of the structure that makes up the heat exchanger. The locations of the channel with few contact points have low rigidity, presenting greater deformations; e.g. unsupported diagonals.
  • the unsupported diagonal region is associated with a high rate of structural failures, such as cracks and apparent local deformations, indicating high local mechanical stress.
  • GB2164439A discloses a plate heat transfer apparatus.
  • the bridge bases and/or the door recesses that will receive the gaskets can be provided with pressed cavities of lesser height than the depth of the recess. The cavities extend into the recess of an unsealed recess and out of the recess of a sealed recess so as to abut and reinforce the unsealed recesses.
  • Document US20200116440A1 discloses a heat transfer plate for a plate heat exchanger.
  • the heat transfer plate comprising: a body of plate forming a standardized section and having a first side and a second side opposite the first side; a gasket groove formed by pressing from the plate body in a direction from the first side to the second side, and having a bottom wall, the bottom wall having a bottom wall body; and wherein the gasket groove includes at least a first section with a first recess formed in the bottom wall body, pressed from the bottom wall body in the direction from the first side towards the second side, and a second section with a second recess formed in the bottom wall body, pressed from the bottom wall body in the direction from the second side towards the first side, wherein said second section is adapted to accommodate a gasket.
  • the objectives of the present invention are to provide structural reinforcement of the unsupported diagonals of gasketed plate heat exchangers that brings the following advantages, at least: - A low complexity and cost solution to increase the rigidity of channels of a gasketed plate heat exchanger and at the same time minimize viscous dissipation. - Use of widely available materials for manufacturing. - Cost reduction.
  • the present invention discloses a structural reinforcement of the unsupported diagonals of gasketed plate heat exchangers, in which the structural reinforcement comprises at least one primary segment that corresponds to the shape of the respective corrugations of the unsupported diagonals of the heat exchanger, and at least one secondary segment that allows the passage of fluid through the unsupported diagonals.
  • Figure 2 illustrates a typical arrangement of gaskets in a gasketed plate exchanger, according to the state of the art.
  • Figure 3 illustrates, by way of example, a typical chevron plate with some of the main regions highlighted, according to the state of the art.
  • Figure 4 illustrates an isometric view of an exemplary gasket that incorporates a structural reinforcement in unsupported diagonals of a heat exchanger.
  • Figure 5 illustrates an assembly view of an exemplary configuration of an individual structural reinforcement according to an embodiment of the invention arranged in the unsupported diagonal of an exemplary plate.
  • Figure 6 illustrates possible geometric parameters of the reinforcement.
  • Figure 7 illustrates cross sections of the reinforcement with possible additional geometric parameters.
  • the present invention relates to a structural reinforcement of the unsupported diagonals of gasketed plate heat exchangers. Said diagonals will be occupied with structural reinforcements in order to allow fluid flow while increasing the rigidity of this region, subject to high deformations and mechanical stresses. [043] With this increase in rigidity, the stress in the region is reduced. With this reduction, the material's yield stress is not reached, avoiding the possibility of plastic deformation or expulsion of the gasket and, consequently, the possibility of plate failure. [044] This increases the useful life of the plate and the campaign time of the equipment, generating economic benefits and reducing man-hours exposed to risk and possible leaks in stationary production units.
  • the invention is flexibly applicable to various industrial activities that use pressurized plate heat exchangers.
  • the invention consists of a structural reinforcement of the unsupported diagonals of gasketed plate heat exchangers, in which the structural reinforcement comprises: at least one primary segment that corresponds to the shape of respective corrugations of the unsupported diagonals of the heat exchanger; and at least one secondary segment that allows the passage of fluid through the unsupported diagonals.
  • the structural reinforcement is arranged between two adjacent plates of the heat exchanger and in which the primary segment is preferably a shoulder while the secondary segment is preferably a recess.
  • the primary segment may have a circular, rectangular, square, trapezoidal, triangular or airfoil profile cross-sectional geometry (AA).
  • the secondary segment may also have a circular, rectangular, square, trapezoidal, triangular or airfoil profile cross-sectional geometry (BB).
  • the structural reinforcement may be a fabricated section: integrally with a heat exchanger gasket as illustrated in Figure 4, individually as illustrated in Figure 5, as a modification of an existing gasket in a heat exchanger (not illustrated) or as a modification of the stamping of the unsupported diagonal of the heat exchanger plate (not illustrated).
  • the reinforcements can also be produced in a complementary (individual) way and inserted in the unsupported diagonals of typical or operating heat exchanger channels, where there is no support from structural reinforcements in the unsupported diagonal.
  • the structural reinforcement is obtained by modifying an existing gasket, the gasket could include material in the unsupported diagonal in question (for example, by injection of material).
  • the structural reinforcement is obtained by modifying the stamping of the unsupported diagonal of the heat exchanger plate, this alternative could be obtained without adding a spacer or any other materials.
  • the primary segment of the structural reinforcement has a hydrodynamic shape, which ensures increased rigidity, and simultaneously presents a geometry that allows the flow in the heat exchanger to occur with low viscous dissipation.
  • the primary segment and secondary segment of the structural reinforcement can be manufactured, respectively, from one or a combination of metallic, polymeric or gasket materials.
  • the structural reinforcement material being a gasket
  • this can be a gasket manufactured from any of EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Methylene rubber), NBR (Nitrile Butadiene Rubber), HNBR (Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber), FKM (fluoroelastomers) or other common gasket materials.
  • EPDM Ethylene Propylene Diene Methylene rubber
  • NBR Nonrile Butadiene Rubber
  • HNBR Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber
  • FKM fluoroelastomers
  • the structural reinforcement made of gasket can be mounted on the heat exchanger by one or a combination of glue, adhesive, rivet or clips.
  • the structural reinforcement is made of a metallic material, it can be mounted on the heat exchanger by one or a combination of glue, adhesive, welding, brazing or laser fusion.
  • ⁇ d1 angle between reinforcement segments
  • ⁇ d2 width of the fluid passage region
  • ⁇ d3 width of the reinforcement/fluid blocking region
  • ⁇ d4 main reinforcement segment
  • ⁇ d5 secondary reinforcement segment
  • ⁇ d6 radius of the central relief of the top of the reinforcement/fluid blocking region
  • ⁇ d7 angle of the top of the reinforcement/fluid blocking region
  • ⁇ d8 radius of the reinforcement bulge
  • ⁇ d9 thickness of the fluid blocking region before angulation
  • ⁇ d10 thickness of the fluid passage region.
  • reinforcement segments can be manufactured with different dimensions, i.e., width of reinforcements, number of reinforcements, fluid passage area, thickness of the fluid passage region, gasket thickness, etc.
  • the geometric characteristics of the reinforcement can be adapted according to the operating conditions, with the type of fluid, species, pressure and operating temperature, providing the desired increase in stiffness to increase service life without significantly increasing the pressure loss in the equipment.
  • Tests and experimental results [062] To evaluate the mechanical stresses in the unsupported diagonal with and without the presence of support, assembly tests were performed in both situations.
  • the unsupported region was instrumented with a triaxial strain gauge to evaluate local deformation and, consequently, local stress.
  • the tests performed with the presence of support were conveniently called prototype tests, as shown in Figures 8 and 9b.
  • the tests without the presence of the gasket in the unsupported region are called conventional model tests, as shown in Figure 9a.
  • the deformation measurements were initiated during the closing procedure of a heat exchanger with 21 plates.
  • the assembly process must be carried out in stages, with time intervals for relaxing the gaskets.
  • the prototype reduces the local von Mises equivalent stress by 36%, 431MPa to 277MPa for Amax and by 27% for the Am ⁇ n clamping condition, from 222MPa to 162MPa.
  • two types of tests were performed in relation to the measurement of pressure drop in a prototype exchanger channel: one in its standard operating condition (as shown in Figure 9a) and a second with the insertion of structural reinforcement prototypes of the unsupported diagonals of the exchanger (as shown in Figure 9b).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention discloses a structural reinforcement of unsupported diagonals of gasketed plate heat exchangers, wherein the structural reinforcement comprises at least one primary segment that corresponds to the shape of respective corrugations of the unsupported diagonals of the heat exchanger, and at least one secondary segment that allows fluid to pass through the unsupported diagonals.

Description

REFORÇO ESTRUTURAL DAS DIAGONAIS NÃO SUPORTADAS DE TROCADORES DE CALOR DE PLACAS GAXETADAS Campo da invenção [001] A presente invenção se refere aos campos técnicos de disposições de vedações e elementos estruturais em trocadores de calor. Mais especificamente, a presente invenção se refere a um reforço estrutural das diagonais não suportadas de trocadores de calor de placas gaxetadas. Fundamentos da invenção [002] Trocadores de calor são equipamentos que realizam transferência de calor entre dois ou mais fluidos a partir da diferença de temperatura entre as correntes fluidas. Esses equipamentos são amplamente usados em diversos segmentos da indústria química, do processamento de alimentos, da refrigeração, da indústria de óleo e gás entre outros. [003] Para suprir diversas áreas de aplicação, foram desenvolvidos diferentes modelos de trocadores de calor. As principais classificações do equipamento são em relação ao processo de transferência de calor, aos aspectos construtivos, ao mecanismo de troca térmica, ao arranjo do escoamento e à compacidade. [004] O processo de transferência de calor pode ser de contato direto ou indireto. No contato indireto, a transferência de energia térmica ocorre através de uma parede que separa os dois fluidos, isto é, os fluidos não entram em contato. Já no processo de contato direto, a transferência de calor ocorre na interface entre os fluidos em contato. [005] Quanto ao mecanismo de troca térmica, as principais classificações são: convecção monofásica em ambos os ramais, convecção monofásica em um ramal e convecção com mudança de fase no outro ramal, ou convecção com mudança de fase nos dois ramais. [006] Os três tipos básicos de arranjo do escoamento são: o paralelo, o contracorrente e o cruzado. No escoamento paralelo, os fluidos entram na mesma extremidade do trocador de calor, escoam na mesma direção e sentido, e saem pelo outro extremo. No escoamento contracorrente, os fluidos escoam na mesma direção, mas em sentidos opostos. No escoamento cruzado, os fluidos escoam perpendicularmente entre si. [007] Para classificar os trocadores de calor em relação ao nível de compactação, é utilizado o fator de compacidade. Este é calculado pela razão entre área total de transferência de calor e volume ocupado pelo equipamento. Trocadores de calor compactos geralmente apresentam um fator de compacidade maior que 700 m2 de área de troca térmica por m3 de equipamento. [008] Adicionalmente, trocadores de calor podem ser classificados em relação às características construtivas. Os modelos mais utilizados na indústria são: trocadores de calor do tipo casco e tubo, tubulares, aletados ou a placas. [009] Os trocadores de calor a placas são classificados em três principais tipos: gaxetado, brazado ou completamente soldado. Modelos menos comuns são os de placa espiral, lamela ou circuito impresso. A presente invenção foca em melhorias na robustez de trocadores de placas gaxetadas. [010] O trocador de calor de placas gaxetadas surgiu por volta de 1878 para permitir a não contaminação do leite em seu processo de pasteurização. Desde então, a sua utilização se estendeu a diversos segmentos da indústria alimentícia à farmacêutica. Uma das vantagens do equipamento é a facilidade para limpeza e higienização das placas. Após os anos 60, sua efetividade aumentou significativamente com o desenvolvimento de novas geometrias de placas (placas corrugadas) e o emprego de materiais avançados. As condições limítrofes de processo de trocadores de placas gaxetadas podem envolver temperaturas até 275 °C e pressões até 20 bar. [011] Um típico trocador de calor a placas gaxetadas é composto por uma sequência de placas finas corrugadas por conformação e com furos nas extremidades opostas para permitir o escoamento de fluido. Conforme ilustrado na Figura 1, para permitir o escoamento de fluido em um canal, uma gaxeta (também chamadas de juntas) colocada nas extremidades de um par de placas promove a vedação desse canal. Ademais, conforme ilustrado na Figura 2, os trocadores podem ter diferentes configurações de acordo com as necessidades de aplicação, alterando o número de placas, passes, canais, conexões de entrada e saída, bem como o tipo de escoamento nos canais. Nesse sentido, as gaxetas podem ser utilizadas de diferentes maneiras de acordo com a distribuição de escoamento desejada. [012] Ademais, esses trocadores de calor geralmente são compostos por uma série de placas e gaxetas posicionadas de forma alternada, e comprimidas nas extremidades por chapas espessas, denominadas de fixa e móvel. As configurações de escoamento nos pórticos ou manifolds podem ser na forma de “U” ou “Z”. Frequentemente, o arranjo contracorrente de passe único é adotado, onde escoamentos de fluido quente e de fluido frio são intercalados. Cada placa possui quatro orifícios para a passagem dos escoamentos, formando dutos para distribuição dos fluidos quente e frio, e dutos para a coleta dos fluidos que saem dos canais. [013] A figura 3 ilustra, para fins exemplificativos, uma típica placa chevron com algumas das principais regiões destacadas, sendo estas: guia de placa, região de distribuição, área de troca térmica, gaxeta, diagonal não suportada e bocal. [014] Será apreciado que a gaxeta que veda um canal permite escoamento entre apenas dois orifícios. Para evitar a mistura com o escoamento do outro ramal, o escoamento nos outros dois orifícios é evitado a partir de segmentos de gaxeta presentes nas diagonais suportadas na periferia desses orifícios: trata-se das diagonais suportadas. As diagonais ao redor dos orifícios por onde passa escoamento usualmente não possuem gaxetas: trata-se de diagonais não suportadas. [015] O calor é transferido por condução do meio quente ao frio através das placas corrugadas. Os tipos mais comuns de corrugação são do tipo chevron (ou herringbone) e washboard. Além de aumentar a área de troca térmica das placas, as corrugações perturbam continuamente o escoamento no canal, obtendo-se elevados coeficientes de transferência de calor uma vez que o escoamento continua em desenvolvimento. [016] As gaxetas promovem a vedação dos canais, além de direcionar os fluidos frio e quente para seus respectivos canais. Geralmente são fabricadas com borrachas específicas, as quais oferecem boas propriedades mecânicas, químicas e boa resistência térmica a depender de sua seleção. [017] Na parte central dos canais existem diversos pontos de contato resultantes da geometria das corrugações e do aperto do trocador de calor por tirantes. As regiões de contato promovem aumento de rigidez da estrutura que compõe o trocador de calor. Os locais do canal com poucos pontos de contato possuem baixa rigidez, apresentando maiores deformações; e.g. diagonais não suportadas. [018] Neste sentido, a região da diagonal não suportada está associada a um alto índice de falhas estruturais, como por exemplo, trincas e deformações locais aparentes, indicando uma alta solicitação mecânica local. Essas falhas podem ocorrer devido a um processo indesejado de deformação plástica da diagonal não suportada, uma vez que tensões superiores à tensão de escoamento mínima dos materiais utilizados nas placas podem ocorrer durante o procedimento de montagem. [019] Todavia, falhas em trocadores de calor podem provocar a interrupção do processo produtivo, causando prejuízos significativos. Conforme observado acima, no caso de trocadores de calor de placas gaxetadas, locais potenciais de falha são as regiões da diagonal não suportada das placas, onde os maiores níveis de tensão são encontrados. Nesse sentido, uma solução que permita a passagem de fluido e, ao mesmo tempo, ofereça um suporte local para atenuação das tensões locais, possui relevância significativa. Estado da técnica [020] No estado da técnica, encontra-se a divulgação de alguns documentos que contém ensinamentos sobre reforços estruturais para trocadores de calor de placas gaxetadas. [021] O documento EP4015963 divulga um espaçador adaptado para ser imprensado entre as regiões de borda de duas placas de transferência de calor adjacentes de um trocador de calor de placas, onde o espaçador é formado com uma gaxeta na superfície adaptada para circundar uma cavidade interna do referido espaçador. O documento ensina ainda que o espaçador pode compreender meios de suporte para que as áreas adaptadas para suportar as áreas das placas de transferência de calor das aberturas das placas de transferência de calor permitiram que o fluxo passe pela área de transferência de calor. [022] Todavia, o referido documento é primariamente voltado para as variações da inserção do espaçador e às funções deste de evitar contato entre placas e garantir alinhamento das placas. Ademais, os meios de suporte para as aberturas das placas de transferência de calor são incorporados a este espaçador. [023] O documento GB2164439A divulga um aparelho de transferência de calor de placas. No referido documento é divulgado que para localizar as gaxetas e possivelmente também reforçar os recessos, as bases da ponte e/ou os recessos das portas que vão receber as gaxetas podem ser dotadas de cavidades prensadas de menor altura que a profundidade do recesso. As cavidades estendem-se para dentro da reentrância de uma reentrância não vedada e para fora da reentrância de uma reentrância vedada de modo a encostar e reforçar as reentrâncias não vedadas. [024] O documento US20200116440A1 divulga uma placa de transferência de calor para um trocador de calor de placas. A placa de transferência de calor compreendendo: um corpo de placa formando uma seção padronizada e tendo um primeiro lado e um segundo lado oposto ao primeiro lado; uma ranhura de gaxeta formada comprimida a partir do corpo da placa numa direção do primeiro lado para o segundo lado, e tendo uma parede inferior, a parede inferior tendo um corpo de parede inferior; e onde a ranhura de gaxeta inclui pelo menos uma primeira seção com um primeiro recesso formado no corpo de parede inferior, pressionado a partir do corpo de parede inferior na direção do primeiro lado em direção ao segundo lado, e uma segunda seção com um segundo recesso formado em o corpo de parede inferior, pressionado a partir do corpo de parede inferior na direção do segundo lado em direção ao primeiro lado, em que a referida segunda seção está adaptada para acomodar uma gaxeta. [025] Sendo assim, perduram evidentes deficiências no estado da técnica. Frente a estas deficiências, as características e vantagens da presente invenção surgirão claramente a partir da descrição detalhada a seguir e com referência aos desenhos anexos, sendo estes fornecidos apenas como concretizações preferenciais e não limitativos. Objetivos da invenção [026] Tendo em vista todo o conteúdo anteriormente apresentado, são objetivos da presente invenção fornecer reforço estrutural das diagonais não suportadas de trocadores de calor de placas gaxetadas que traz como vantagens, pelo menos: - Uma solução de baixa complexidade e custo para aumentar a rigidez de canais de um trocador de calor de placas gaxetadas e ao mesmo tempo minimizar a dissipação viscosa. - Uso de materiais amplamente disponíveis para a fabricação. - Redução de custos. - Continuidade operacional e aumento de confiabilidade do equipamento ao reduzir as paradas para manutenção e/ou reparo de trocadores de calor de placas gaxetadas. - Aumento de vida útil das placas de trocadores de calor de placas gaxetadas. - Aumento da robustez de trocadores de calor de placas gaxetadas quando submetidos a situações de transientes de tensão. Breve descrição da invenção [027] A presente invenção divulga um reforço estrutural das diagonais não suportadas de trocadores de calor de placas gaxetadas, em que o reforço estrutural compreende pelo menos um segmento primário que corresponde à forma de respectivas corrugações das diagonais não suportadas do trocador de calor, e pelo menos um segmento secundário que permite a passagem de fluido pelas diagonais não suportadas. Breve descrição das figuras [028] De forma a complementar a presente descrição e obter uma melhor compreensão das características da presente invenção, são apresentadas figuras, onde de maneira exemplificada, e não limitativa, se representa concretizações preferenciais da mesma. [029] Será apreciado ainda que as escalas nas figuras podem variar de acordo com as dimensões do trocador e das placas, e em função das condições de operação, tipo de fluido, espécies, pressão e temperatura de processo. Dessa forma, as dimensões dos segmentos de reforço podem variar como, por exemplo, largura e comprimento dos reforços, quantidade de reforços, área de passagem do fluido, espessura da região de passagem do fluido, espessura da gaxeta e etc. [030] A figura 1 ilustra um trocador de placas gaxetadas em operação, de acordo com o estado da técnica. [031] A figura 2 ilustra um arranjo típico de gaxetas em um trocador de placas gaxetadas, de acordo com o estado da técnica. [032] A figura 3 ilustra, exemplificativamente, uma típica placa chevron com algumas das principais regiões destacadas, de acordo com o estado da técnica. [033] A figura 4 ilustra uma vista isométrica de uma gaxeta exemplificativa que incorpora um reforço estrutural em diagonais não suportadas de um trocador de calor. [034] A figura 5 ilustra uma vista da montagem de uma configuração exemplificativa de um reforço estrutural individual de acordo com uma modalidade da invenção disposto na diagonal não suportada de uma placa exemplificativa. [035] A figura 6 ilustra possíveis parâmetros geométricos do reforço. [036] A figura 7 ilustra seções transversais do reforço com possíveis parâmetros geométricos adicionais. [037] A figura 8 revela um protótipo da invenção utilizado nos ensaios experimentais. [038] As figuras 9a e 9b revelam, respectivamente, configurações do ensaio de gaxetas sem e com os reforços estruturais. [039] A figura 10 é um gráfico dos resultados das tensões equivalente de von Mises paras diferentes condições de aperto, com reforço (protótipo) e sem reforço (convencional). [040] A figura 11 é um gráfico da influência da gaxeta com reforço estrutural na perda de carga. A perda de carga será tão maior quanto menor for a área de passagem ao fluido na região não suportada. [041] A figura 12 é um gráfico da diferença relativa entre casos de gaxetas sem e com os reforços estruturais. Esta relação é função da área de passagem ao fluido no reforço estrutural da região não suportada. Descrição detalhada da invenção [042] A presente invenção se refere a um reforço estrutural das diagonais não suportadas de trocadores de calor de placas gaxetadas. Referidas diagonais serão ocupadas com reforços estruturais de forma a permitir o escoamento de fluido ao mesmo tempo em que a rigidez dessa região, sujeita a altas deformações e tensões mecânicas, é aumentada. [043] Com esse aumento de rigidez, a tensão na região é reduzida. Com essa redução, a tensão limite de escoamento do material não é atingida, evitando a possibilidade de deformação plástica ou expulsão da gaxeta e, consequentemente, a possibilidade de falha da placa. [044] Isso aumenta o tempo de vida útil da placa e o tempo de campanha do equipamento, gerando benefícios econômicos e reduzindo homem-hora exposto ao risco e possíveis vazamentos nas unidades estacionárias de produção. [045] A invenção é aplicável de forma flexível à diversas atividades industriais que se utilizam de trocadores (permutadores) de calor a placas pressurizados. [046] Essencialmente, a invenção consiste em um reforço estrutural das diagonais não suportadas de trocadores de calor de placas gaxetadas, em que o reforço estrutural compreende: pelo menos um segmento primário que corresponde à forma de respectivas corrugações das diagonais não suportadas do trocador de calor; e pelo menos um segmento secundário que permite a passagem de fluido pelas diagonais não suportadas. [047] O reforço estrutural é disposto entre duas placas adjacentes do trocador de calor e em que o segmento primário é preferencialmente um ressalto enquanto o segmento secundário é preferencialmente um rebaixo. [048] Conforme exemplificativamente ilustrado na figura 7, o segmento primário pode ter uma geometria de seção transversal (AA) circular, retangular, quadrada, trapezoidal, triangular ou em perfil de aerofólio. Ademais, o segmento secundário também pode ter uma geometria de seção transversal (BB) circular, retangular, quadrada, trapezoidal, triangular ou em perfil de aerofólio. [049] Será apreciado que o reforço estrutural pode ser uma seção fabricada: de forma integrada a uma gaxeta de um trocador de calor, conforme ilustrado na figura 4, de forma individual, conforme ilustrada na figura 5, como uma modificação de uma gaxeta existente em um trocador de calor (não ilustrado) ou como uma modificação da estampagem da diagonal não suportada da placa do trocador de calor (não ilustrado). [050] Portanto, em novas concepções de gaxeta para trocadores de calor, estas já poderiam incluir segmentos de reforço em um único componente. [051] Alternativamente, os reforços também podem ser produzidos de forma complementar (individual) e inseridos nas diagonais não suportadas de canais de trocadores de calor típicos ou em operação, onde não há suporte de reforços estruturais na diagonal não suportada. [052] Ademais, no caso de o reforço estrutural ser obtido através da modificação de uma gaxeta existente, a gaxeta poderia vir a incluir material na diagonal não suportada em questão (por exemplo, por injeção de material). [053] Por fim, no caso de o reforço estrutural ser obtido através modificação da estampagem da diagonal não suportada da placa do trocador de calor, esta alternativa poder ser obtida sem adição de espaçador ou de quaisquer outros materiais. [054] Sendo assim, independente da forma de implementação, será apreciado que o segmento primário do reforço estrutural possui um formato hidrodinâmico, que garante aumento de rigidez, e simultaneamente apresenta uma geometria que possibilita o escoamento no trocador de calor ocorra com baixa dissipação viscosa. [055] O segmento primário e segmento secundário do reforço estrutural podem ser fabricados, respectivamente, de um ou uma combinação de materiais metálico, poliméricos ou de gaxeta. [056] No caso de o material do reforço estrutural ser de gaxeta, esta pode ser uma gaxeta fabricada a partir de qualquer um dentre EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Methylene rubber), NBR (Nitrile Butadiene Rubber), HNBR (Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber), FKM (fluorelastômeros) ou outros materiais usuais de gaxetas. [057] Ademais, o reforço estrutural fabricado de gaxeta pode ser montado no trocador de calor por um ou uma combinação de cola, adesivo, rebite ou por clipes. [058] Alternativamente, no caso de o reforço estrutural ser fabricado de um material metálico, este pode ser montado no trocador de calor por um ou uma combinação de cola, adesivo, soldagem, brasagem ou fusão ao laser. [059] Conforme ilustrado nas figuras 6 e 7, possíveis parâmetros geométricos do reforço estrutural proposto podem ser considerados com o intuito de garantir facilidade para que o escoamento ocorra com baixa dissipação viscosa e, de forma simultânea, garantir aumento de rigidez. Alguns dos parâmetros principais a serem considerados são: ▪ d1: ângulo entre segmentos do reforço; ▪ d2: largura da região de passagem do fluido; ▪ d3: largura da região de reforço/bloqueio do fluido; ▪ d4: segmento principal do reforço; ▪ d5: segmento secundário do reforço; ▪ d6: raio do relevo central do topo da região de reforço/bloqueio do fluido; ▪ d7: ângulo do topo da região de reforço/bloqueio do fluido; ▪ d8: raio do bojo do reforço; ▪ d9: espessura da região de bloqueio do fluido pré angulação; ▪ d10: espessura da região de passagem do fluido. [060] Não obstante a listagem acima dos possíveis parâmetros geométricos do reforço estrutural, deve ser reiterado que os segmentos de reforço podem ser fabricados com diferentes dimensões, i.e., largura dos reforços, quantidade de reforços, área de passagem do fluido, espessura da região de passagem do fluido, espessura da gaxeta etc. [061] Será apreciado ainda por um técnico no assunto que as características geométricas do reforço podem ser adaptadas de acordo com as condições de operação, com o tipo de fluido, espécies, pressão e temperatura de operação, proporcionando o aumento de rigidez desejado para aumento de vida útil sem elevar significativamente a perda de carga no equipamento. Ensaios e resultados experimentais [062] Para avaliação das tensões mecânicas na diagonal não suportada com e sem a presença de suporte, foram realizados ensaios de montagem em ambas as situações. A região não suportada foi instrumentada com extensômetro triaxial para avaliar a deformação local e, consequentemente, tensão local. [063] Os ensaios realizados com a presença de suporte, foram convenientemente chamados de ensaios com protótipo, conforme a Figura 8 e 9b. Os ensaios sem a presença da gaxeta na região não suportada, são chamados de ensaios com modelo convencional, conforme a Figura 9a. [064] As medidas de deformação foram iniciadas durante o procedimento de fechamento de um trocador de calor com 21 placas. Os fabricantes sugerem valores máximos e mínimos de aperto “A” (distância estrutural entre as placas), relacionados aos parâmetros geométricos das placas. Na configuração de 21 placas, o aperto máximo proposto é de Amax = 64,05mm e o mínimo de Amin = 67,2mm. O processo de montagem deve ser realizado em etapas, com intervalos temporais para relaxamento das gaxetas. Partiu-se do distanciamento 1.3A até 1A, conforme a Tabela 1 abaixo. Tabela 1

Figure imgf000017_0001
[065] A tensão equivalente de von Mises resultante para cada condição de aperto está disposta na Figura 10. [066] Nos testes experimentais hidrodinâmicos observou- se que a presença do protótipo, promove uma mudança significativa de comportamento mecânico na diagonal não suportada. Até o aperto de 1,2A, quando as placas não comprimem a gaxeta de forma acentuada, a presença do suporte aumenta as tensões locais. Entretanto, ao passo que o pacote de placas é comprimido, a presença do protótipo atua como apoio para a diagonal não suportada, que antes, com o modelo convencional de gaxeta, estava totalmente livre para deformar, resultando em alta deformação local. [067] Portanto, nos apertos recomendados para operação do trocador de calor de placas gaxetadas (PHE), o protótipo reduz a tensão equivalente de von Mises local em 36%, de 431MPa para 277MPa para o Amax e em 27% para a condição de aperto Amín, de 222MPa para 162MPa. [068] Ainda, dois tipos de testes foram realizados em relação à medição de perda de carga em um protótipo de canal de trocador: um em sua condição operacional padrão (conforme Figura 9a) e um segundo com a inserção de protótipos de reforço estrutural das diagonais não suportadas do trocador (conforme Figura 9b). [069] Conforme ilustrado na figura 11, maiores quedas de pressão foram observadas na presença dos reforços estruturais para testes com a mesma vazão mássica (compare círculos e triângulos na referida figura). Ademais, conforme ilustrado na figura 12, para vazões superiores a 0,4 kg/s, a queda de pressão no canal de trocador contendo reforços foi 150% superior à queda de pressão do canal em seu estado padrão. A queda de pressão é função da área de passagem ao fluido que pode ser arbitrada quando da fabricação do suporte estrutural da região não suportada (especificação de queda de pressão máxima admitida). [070] Por fim, para comprovar o aumento da robustez de trocadores de calor de placas gaxetadas quando submetidos a situações de transientes de tensão com a utilização da presente invenção, ensaios para obtenção experimental de tensões mecânicas em locais da região de distribuição de escoamento de um trocador de calor comercial foram executados (a partir de medições de deformação). Testes foram realizados em condições transientes de pressão do tipo “single” (quando apenas um ramal é pressurizado). Dois tipos de testes foram realizados: um com o trocador em sua condição operacional padrão e um segundo com a inserção de protótipos de reforço estrutural nas diagonais não suportadas do canal do trocador (conforme Figuras 4, 5 e 6). Foi constatado que a operação do trocador de calor com a inserção de protótipos de reforço apresentou tensões 36% inferiores às tensões obtidas pelo equipamento em condição padrão. Essa redução foi suficiente para evitar a entrada em regiões de deformações plásticas o que garante maior vida útil e confiabilidade das placas. [071] Os versados na técnica valorizarão os conhecimentos aqui apresentados e poderão reproduzir a invenção nas modalidades apresentadas e em outras variantes, abrangidas no escopo das reivindicações anexas. STRUCTURAL REINFORCEMENT OF UNSUPPORTED DIAGONALS OF GASKETED PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS Field of the invention [001] The present invention relates to the technical fields of sealing arrangements and structural elements in heat exchangers. More specifically, the present invention relates to a structural reinforcement of the unsupported diagonals of gasketed plate heat exchangers. Fundamentals of the invention [002] Heat exchangers are equipment that perform heat transfer between two or more fluids based on the temperature difference between the fluid streams. This equipment is widely used in various segments of the chemical industry, food processing, refrigeration, oil and gas industry, among others. [003] In order to supply various areas of application, different models of heat exchangers have been developed. The main classifications of the equipment are in relation to the heat transfer process, construction aspects, heat exchange mechanism, flow arrangement and compactness. [004] The heat transfer process can be direct or indirect contact. In indirect contact, the transfer of thermal energy occurs through a wall that separates the two fluids, that is, the fluids do not come into contact. In the direct contact process, the heat transfer occurs at the interface between the fluids in contact. [005] Regarding the heat exchange mechanism, the main classifications are: single-phase convection in both branches, single-phase convection in one branch and convection with phase change in the other branch, or convection with phase change in both branches. [006] The three basic types of flow arrangement are: parallel, countercurrent and cross. In parallel flow, the fluids enter the same end of the heat exchanger, flow in the same direction and direction, and exit through the other end. In countercurrent flow, the fluids flow in the same direction, but in opposite directions. In cross flow, the fluids flow perpendicular to each other. [007] To classify heat exchangers in relation to the level of compactness, the compactness factor is used. This is calculated by the ratio between the total heat transfer area and the volume occupied by the equipment. Compact heat exchangers generally have a compactness factor greater than 700 m2 of heat exchange area per m3 of equipment. [008] Additionally, heat exchangers can be classified in relation to construction features. The most commonly used models in the industry are: shell and tube, tubular, finned or plate heat exchangers. [009] Plate heat exchangers are classified into three main types: gasketed, brazed or fully welded. Less common models are spiral plate, lamella or printed circuit. The present invention focuses on improvements in the robustness of gasketed plate heat exchangers. [010] The gasketed plate heat exchanger emerged around 1878 to allow for the non-contamination of milk in its pasteurization process. Since then, its use has extended to various segments of the food industry pharmaceutical industry. One of the advantages of the equipment is the ease of cleaning and sanitizing the plates. After the 1960s, its effectiveness increased significantly with the development of new plate geometries (corrugated plates) and the use of advanced materials. The limiting process conditions of gasketed plate heat exchangers can involve temperatures up to 275 °C and pressures up to 20 bar. [011] A typical gasketed plate heat exchanger consists of a sequence of thin plates corrugated by forming and with holes at opposite ends to allow fluid flow. As illustrated in Figure 1, to allow fluid flow in a channel, a gasket (also called joints) placed at the ends of a pair of plates seals this channel. Furthermore, as illustrated in Figure 2, the exchangers can have different configurations according to the application needs, changing the number of plates, passes, channels, inlet and outlet connections, as well as the type of flow in the channels. In this sense, the gaskets can be used in different ways according to the desired flow distribution. [012] Furthermore, these heat exchangers are generally composed of a series of plates and gaskets positioned alternately, and compressed at the ends by thick plates, called fixed and mobile. The flow configurations in the ports or manifolds can be in the form of “U” or “Z”. Frequently, the single-pass countercurrent arrangement is adopted, where hot fluid and cold fluid flows are alternated. Each plate has four holes for the flow to pass through, forming ducts for distributing hot and cold fluids, and ducts for collecting fluids leaving the channels. [013] Figure 3 illustrates, for illustrative purposes, a typical chevron plate with some of the main regions highlighted, namely: plate guide, distribution region, heat exchange area, gasket, unsupported diagonal and nozzle. [014] It will be appreciated that the gasket that seals a channel allows flow between only two holes. To avoid mixing with the flow from the other branch, flow in the other two holes is prevented by gasket segments present in the diagonals supported on the periphery of these holes: these are the supported diagonals. The diagonals around the holes through which flow passes usually do not have gaskets: these are unsupported diagonals. [015] Heat is transferred by conduction from the hot to the cold medium through the corrugated plates. The most common types of corrugation are the chevron (or herringbone) and washboard types. In addition to increasing the heat exchange area of the plates, the corrugations continuously disturb the flow in the channel, obtaining high heat transfer coefficients as the flow continues to develop. [016] Gaskets promote the sealing of the channels, in addition to directing cold and hot fluids to their respective channels. They are generally manufactured with specific rubbers, which offer good mechanical and chemical properties and good thermal resistance depending on their selection. [017] In the central part of the channels, there are several contact points resulting from the geometry of the corrugations and the tightening of the heat exchanger by tie rods. The contact regions promote increased rigidity of the structure that makes up the heat exchanger. The locations of the channel with few contact points have low rigidity, presenting greater deformations; e.g. unsupported diagonals. [018] In this sense, the unsupported diagonal region is associated with a high rate of structural failures, such as cracks and apparent local deformations, indicating high local mechanical stress. These failures may occur due to an undesirable process of plastic deformation of the unsupported diagonal, since stresses greater than the minimum yield stress of the materials used in the plates may occur during the assembly procedure. [019] However, failures in heat exchangers may cause the interruption of the production process, causing significant losses. As noted above, in the case of gasketed plate heat exchangers, potential failure locations are the unsupported diagonal regions of the plates, where the highest stress levels are found. In this sense, a solution that allows the passage of fluid and, at the same time, offers local support to attenuate local stresses, has significant relevance. State of the art [020] In the state of the art, there is the disclosure of some documents that contain teachings on structural reinforcements for gasketed plate heat exchangers. [021] EP4015963 discloses a spacer adapted to be sandwiched between the edge regions of two adjacent heat transfer plates of a plate heat exchanger, wherein the spacer is formed with a gasket on the surface adapted to surround an internal cavity of said spacer. The document further teaches that the spacer may comprise support means for the areas adapted to support the areas of the heat transfer plates of the openings of the heat transfer plates allowing the flow to pass through the heat transfer area. [022] However, said document is primarily concerned with variations of the insertion of the spacer and its functions of preventing contact between plates and ensuring alignment of the plates. Furthermore, support means for the openings of the heat transfer plates are incorporated into this spacer. [023] GB2164439A discloses a plate heat transfer apparatus. In said document it is disclosed that in order to locate the gaskets and possibly also reinforce the recesses, the bridge bases and/or the door recesses that will receive the gaskets can be provided with pressed cavities of lesser height than the depth of the recess. The cavities extend into the recess of an unsealed recess and out of the recess of a sealed recess so as to abut and reinforce the unsealed recesses. [024] Document US20200116440A1 discloses a heat transfer plate for a plate heat exchanger. The heat transfer plate comprising: a body of plate forming a standardized section and having a first side and a second side opposite the first side; a gasket groove formed by pressing from the plate body in a direction from the first side to the second side, and having a bottom wall, the bottom wall having a bottom wall body; and wherein the gasket groove includes at least a first section with a first recess formed in the bottom wall body, pressed from the bottom wall body in the direction from the first side towards the second side, and a second section with a second recess formed in the bottom wall body, pressed from the bottom wall body in the direction from the second side towards the first side, wherein said second section is adapted to accommodate a gasket. [025] Accordingly, there remain evident deficiencies in the prior art. In view of these deficiencies, the features and advantages of the present invention will become clear from the following detailed description and with reference to the accompanying drawings, the latter being provided only as preferred and non-limiting embodiments. Objectives of the invention [026] In view of all the content previously presented, the objectives of the present invention are to provide structural reinforcement of the unsupported diagonals of gasketed plate heat exchangers that brings the following advantages, at least: - A low complexity and cost solution to increase the rigidity of channels of a gasketed plate heat exchanger and at the same time minimize viscous dissipation. - Use of widely available materials for manufacturing. - Cost reduction. - Operational continuity and increased equipment reliability by reducing downtime for maintenance and/or repair of gasketed plate heat exchangers. - Increased service life of gasketed plate heat exchanger plates. - Increased robustness of gasketed plate heat exchangers when subjected to transient stress situations. Brief description of the invention [027] The present invention discloses a structural reinforcement of the unsupported diagonals of gasketed plate heat exchangers, in which the structural reinforcement comprises at least one primary segment that corresponds to the shape of the respective corrugations of the unsupported diagonals of the heat exchanger, and at least one secondary segment that allows the passage of fluid through the unsupported diagonals. Brief description of the figures [028] In order to complement the present description and obtain a better understanding of the characteristics of the present invention, figures are presented, where in an exemplary, and non-limiting manner, preferred embodiments thereof are represented. [029] It will also be appreciated that the scales in the figures may vary according to the dimensions of the exchanger and plates, and depending on the operating conditions, type of fluid, species, pressure and process temperature. Thus, the dimensions of the reinforcement segments may vary such as, for example, width and length of the reinforcements, number of reinforcements, fluid passage area, thickness of the fluid passage region, gasket thickness, etc. [030] Figure 1 illustrates a gasketed plate exchanger in operation, according to the state of the art. [031] Figure 2 illustrates a typical arrangement of gaskets in a gasketed plate exchanger, according to the state of the art. [032] Figure 3 illustrates, by way of example, a typical chevron plate with some of the main regions highlighted, according to the state of the art. [033] Figure 4 illustrates an isometric view of an exemplary gasket that incorporates a structural reinforcement in unsupported diagonals of a heat exchanger. [034] Figure 5 illustrates an assembly view of an exemplary configuration of an individual structural reinforcement according to an embodiment of the invention arranged in the unsupported diagonal of an exemplary plate. [035] Figure 6 illustrates possible geometric parameters of the reinforcement. [036] Figure 7 illustrates cross sections of the reinforcement with possible additional geometric parameters. [037] Figure 8 shows a prototype of the invention used in the experimental tests. [038] Figures 9a and 9b show, respectively, gasket test configurations without and with structural reinforcements. [039] Figure 10 is a graph of the results of the equivalent von Mises stresses for different test conditions. tightening, with reinforcement (prototype) and without reinforcement (conventional). [040] Figure 11 is a graph of the influence of the gasket with structural reinforcement on the pressure drop. The pressure drop will be greater the smaller the fluid passage area in the unsupported region. [041] Figure 12 is a graph of the relative difference between cases of gaskets with and without structural reinforcements. This relationship is a function of the fluid passage area in the structural reinforcement of the unsupported region. Detailed description of the invention [042] The present invention relates to a structural reinforcement of the unsupported diagonals of gasketed plate heat exchangers. Said diagonals will be occupied with structural reinforcements in order to allow fluid flow while increasing the rigidity of this region, subject to high deformations and mechanical stresses. [043] With this increase in rigidity, the stress in the region is reduced. With this reduction, the material's yield stress is not reached, avoiding the possibility of plastic deformation or expulsion of the gasket and, consequently, the possibility of plate failure. [044] This increases the useful life of the plate and the campaign time of the equipment, generating economic benefits and reducing man-hours exposed to risk and possible leaks in stationary production units. [045] The invention is flexibly applicable to various industrial activities that use pressurized plate heat exchangers. [046] Essentially, the invention consists of a structural reinforcement of the unsupported diagonals of gasketed plate heat exchangers, in which the structural reinforcement comprises: at least one primary segment that corresponds to the shape of respective corrugations of the unsupported diagonals of the heat exchanger; and at least one secondary segment that allows the passage of fluid through the unsupported diagonals. [047] The structural reinforcement is arranged between two adjacent plates of the heat exchanger and in which the primary segment is preferably a shoulder while the secondary segment is preferably a recess. [048] As illustrated by way of example in figure 7, the primary segment may have a circular, rectangular, square, trapezoidal, triangular or airfoil profile cross-sectional geometry (AA). Furthermore, the secondary segment may also have a circular, rectangular, square, trapezoidal, triangular or airfoil profile cross-sectional geometry (BB). [049] It will be appreciated that the structural reinforcement may be a fabricated section: integrally with a heat exchanger gasket as illustrated in Figure 4, individually as illustrated in Figure 5, as a modification of an existing gasket in a heat exchanger (not illustrated) or as a modification of the stamping of the unsupported diagonal of the heat exchanger plate (not illustrated). [050] Therefore, in new gasket designs for heat exchangers, these could already include reinforcement segments in a single component. [051] Alternatively, the reinforcements can also be produced in a complementary (individual) way and inserted in the unsupported diagonals of typical or operating heat exchanger channels, where there is no support from structural reinforcements in the unsupported diagonal. [052] Furthermore, in the case where the structural reinforcement is obtained by modifying an existing gasket, the gasket could include material in the unsupported diagonal in question (for example, by injection of material). [053] Finally, in the case where the structural reinforcement is obtained by modifying the stamping of the unsupported diagonal of the heat exchanger plate, this alternative could be obtained without adding a spacer or any other materials. [054] Therefore, regardless of the form of implementation, it will be appreciated that the primary segment of the structural reinforcement has a hydrodynamic shape, which ensures increased rigidity, and simultaneously presents a geometry that allows the flow in the heat exchanger to occur with low viscous dissipation. [055] The primary segment and secondary segment of the structural reinforcement can be manufactured, respectively, from one or a combination of metallic, polymeric or gasket materials. [056] In the case of the structural reinforcement material being a gasket, this can be a gasket manufactured from any of EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Methylene rubber), NBR (Nitrile Butadiene Rubber), HNBR (Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber), FKM (fluoroelastomers) or other common gasket materials. [057] Furthermore, the structural reinforcement made of gasket can be mounted on the heat exchanger by one or a combination of glue, adhesive, rivet or clips. [058] Alternatively, if the structural reinforcement is made of a metallic material, it can be mounted on the heat exchanger by one or a combination of glue, adhesive, welding, brazing or laser fusion. [059] As illustrated in figures 6 and 7, possible geometric parameters of the proposed structural reinforcement can be considered in order to ensure ease for the flow to occur with low viscous dissipation and, simultaneously, ensure increased rigidity. Some of the main parameters to be considered are: ▪ d1: angle between reinforcement segments; ▪ d2: width of the fluid passage region; ▪ d3: width of the reinforcement/fluid blocking region; ▪ d4: main reinforcement segment; ▪ d5: secondary reinforcement segment; ▪ d6: radius of the central relief of the top of the reinforcement/fluid blocking region; ▪ d7: angle of the top of the reinforcement/fluid blocking region; ▪ d8: radius of the reinforcement bulge; ▪ d9: thickness of the fluid blocking region before angulation; ▪ d10: thickness of the fluid passage region. [060] Notwithstanding the above listing of possible geometric parameters of structural reinforcement, it should be reiterated that reinforcement segments can be manufactured with different dimensions, i.e., width of reinforcements, number of reinforcements, fluid passage area, thickness of the fluid passage region, gasket thickness, etc. [061] It will also be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the geometric characteristics of the reinforcement can be adapted according to the operating conditions, with the type of fluid, species, pressure and operating temperature, providing the desired increase in stiffness to increase service life without significantly increasing the pressure loss in the equipment. Tests and experimental results [062] To evaluate the mechanical stresses in the unsupported diagonal with and without the presence of support, assembly tests were performed in both situations. The unsupported region was instrumented with a triaxial strain gauge to evaluate local deformation and, consequently, local stress. [063] The tests performed with the presence of support were conveniently called prototype tests, as shown in Figures 8 and 9b. The tests without the presence of the gasket in the unsupported region are called conventional model tests, as shown in Figure 9a. [064] The deformation measurements were initiated during the closing procedure of a heat exchanger with 21 plates. The manufacturers suggest maximum and minimum values of tightness “A” (structural distance between the plates), related to the geometric parameters of the plates. In 21-plate configuration, the maximum proposed tightening is A max = 64.05 mm and the minimum A min = 67.2 mm. The assembly process must be carried out in stages, with time intervals for relaxing the gaskets. The distance was 1.3A to 1A, as shown in Table 1 below. Table 1
Figure imgf000017_0001
[065] The resulting von Mises equivalent stress for each tightening condition is shown in Figure 10. [066] In the hydrodynamic experimental tests, it was observed that the presence of the prototype promotes a significant change in the mechanical behavior of the unsupported diagonal. Up to a tightening of 1.2A, when the plates do not compress the gasket significantly, the presence of the support increases the local stresses. However, as the plate pack is compressed, the presence of the prototype acts as a support for the unsupported diagonal, which previously, with the conventional gasket model, was completely free to deform, resulting in high local deformation. [067] Therefore, in the tightening recommended for the operation of the gasketed plate heat exchanger (PHE), the prototype reduces the local von Mises equivalent stress by 36%, 431MPa to 277MPa for Amax and by 27% for the Amín clamping condition, from 222MPa to 162MPa. [068] Furthermore, two types of tests were performed in relation to the measurement of pressure drop in a prototype exchanger channel: one in its standard operating condition (as shown in Figure 9a) and a second with the insertion of structural reinforcement prototypes of the unsupported diagonals of the exchanger (as shown in Figure 9b). [069] As illustrated in Figure 11, greater pressure drops were observed in the presence of structural reinforcements for tests with the same mass flow rate (compare circles and triangles in the aforementioned figure). Furthermore, as illustrated in Figure 12, for flow rates greater than 0.4 kg/s, the pressure drop in the exchanger channel containing reinforcements was 150% higher than the pressure drop of the channel in its standard state. The pressure drop is a function of the fluid passage area, which can be determined when manufacturing the structural support for the unsupported region (maximum permitted pressure drop specification). [070] Finally, to prove the increased robustness of gasketed plate heat exchangers when subjected to transient stress situations using the present invention, tests were performed to experimentally obtain mechanical stresses in locations in the flow distribution region of a commercial heat exchanger (based on deformation measurements). Tests were performed under “single” pressure transient conditions (when only one branch is pressurized). Two types of tests were performed: one with the exchanger in its standard operating condition and a second with the insertion of reinforcement prototypes. structural in the unsupported diagonals of the exchanger channel (as per Figures 4, 5 and 6). It was found that the operation of the heat exchanger with the insertion of reinforcement prototypes presented stresses 36% lower than the stresses obtained by the equipment in standard conditions. This reduction was sufficient to avoid entering regions of plastic deformation, which guarantees greater useful life and reliability of the plates. [071] Those skilled in the art will value the knowledge presented herein and will be able to reproduce the invention in the modalities presented and in other variants, covered by the scope of the attached claims.

Claims

REIVINDICAÇÕES 1. Reforço estrutural das diagonais não suportadas de trocadores de calor de placas gaxetadas, caracterizado pelo fato de que o reforço estrutural compreende: pelo menos um segmento primário que corresponde à forma de respectivas corrugações das diagonais não suportadas do trocador de calor; e pelo menos um segmento secundário que permite a passagem de fluido pelas diagonais não suportadas. 2. Reforço estrutural, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que o segmento primário é um ressalto e o segmento secundário é um rebaixo. 3. Reforço estrutural, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que o segmento primário tem uma geometria de seção transversal (AA) circular, retangular, quadrada, trapezoidal, triangular ou em perfil de aerofólio. 4. Reforço estrutural, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que o segmento secundário tem uma geometria de seção transversal (BB) circular, retangular, quadrada, trapezoidal, triangular ou em perfil de aerofólio. 5. Reforço estrutural, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que este se encontra entre duas placas adjacentes do trocador de calor. 6. Reforço estrutural, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que é uma seção fabricada: de forma individual, integrada uma gaxeta de um trocador de calor, como uma modificação de uma gaxeta existente em um trocador de calor ou como uma modificação da estampagem das diagonais não suportadas da placa do trocador de calor. 7. Reforço estrutural, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que o segmento primário possui um formato hidrodinâmico. 8. Reforço estrutural, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pelo fato de que o segmento primário e segmento secundário são fabricados, respectivamente, de um ou uma combinação de materiais metálico, poliméricos ou de gaxeta. 9. Reforço estrutural, de acordo com a reivindicação 6, caracterizado pelo fato de que o material do reforço estrutural de gaxeta pode ser um dentre EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Methylene rubber), NBR (Nitrile Butadiene Rubber), HNBR (Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber) e FKM (fluorelastômeros). 10. Reforço estrutural, de acordo com a reivindicação 7, caracterizado pelo fato de que o reforço estrutural fabricado de gaxeta pode ser montado no trocador de calor por um ou uma combinação de cola, adesivo, rebite ou por clipes. 11. Reforço estrutural, de acordo com a reivindicação 6, caracterizado pelo fato de que o reforço estrutural fabricado de material metálico pode ser montado no trocador de calor por um ou uma combinação de cola, adesivo, soldagem, brasagem ou fusão ao laser. CLAIMS 1. Structural reinforcement of the unsupported diagonals of gasketed plate heat exchangers, characterized in that the structural reinforcement comprises: at least one primary segment that corresponds to the shape of respective corrugations of the unsupported diagonals of the heat exchanger; and at least one secondary segment that allows the passage of fluid through the unsupported diagonals. 2. Structural reinforcement, according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary segment is a shoulder and the secondary segment is a recess. 3. Structural reinforcement, according to claim 1, characterized in that the primary segment has a circular, rectangular, square, trapezoidal, triangular or airfoil profile cross-sectional geometry (AA). 4. Structural reinforcement, according to claim 1, characterized in that the secondary segment has a circular, rectangular, square, trapezoidal, triangular or airfoil profile cross-sectional geometry (BB). 5. Structural reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that it is located between two adjacent plates of the heat exchanger. 6. Structural reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized in that it is a manufactured section: individually, as an integral part of a gasket of a heat exchanger, as a modification of an existing gasket in a heat exchanger or as a modification of the stamping of the unsupported diagonals of the plate of the heat exchanger. 7. Structural reinforcement according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the primary segment has a hydrodynamic shape. 8. Structural reinforcement, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the primary segment and secondary segment are manufactured, respectively, from one or a combination of metallic, polymeric or gasket materials. 9. Structural reinforcement, according to claim 6, characterized by the fact that the material of the gasket structural reinforcement can be one of EPDM (Ethylene Propylene Diene Methylene rubber), NBR (Nitrile Butadiene Rubber), HNBR (Hydrogenated Nitrile Butadiene Rubber) and FKM (fluoroelastomers). 10. Structural reinforcement, according to claim 7, characterized by the fact that the structural reinforcement manufactured from gasket can be assembled in the heat exchanger by one or a combination of glue, adhesive, rivet or by clips. 11. Structural reinforcement according to claim 6, characterized in that the structural reinforcement made of metallic material can be mounted on the heat exchanger by one or a combination of glue, adhesive, welding, brazing or laser fusion.
PCT/BR2024/050582 2023-12-14 2024-12-13 Structural reinforcement of unsupported diagonals of gasketed plate heat exchangers Pending WO2025123112A1 (en)

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BR102023026375-5A BR102023026375A2 (en) 2023-12-14 STRUCTURAL REINFORCEMENT OF UNSUPPORTED DIAGONALS OF GASKETED PLATE HEAT EXCHANGERS
BR1020230263755 2023-12-14

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050269058A1 (en) * 2002-07-29 2005-12-08 Tagesson Bernt E Heat exchanger plate, a plate heat exchanger and a method for manufacturing a heat exchanger plate
WO2009080692A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2009-07-02 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Heat exchanger
EP2963375A1 (en) * 2013-02-27 2016-01-06 Hisaka Works, Ltd. Plate-type heat exchanger
KR20220009590A (en) * 2020-07-16 2022-01-25 디에이치피이엔지 주식회사 Structure for combining heat plate with gasket of a plate type heat exchanger
US11486657B2 (en) * 2018-07-17 2022-11-01 Tranter, Inc. Heat exchanger heat transfer plate
US11774191B2 (en) * 2017-10-05 2023-10-03 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Heat transfer plate and a plate pack for a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of such heat transfer plates

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050269058A1 (en) * 2002-07-29 2005-12-08 Tagesson Bernt E Heat exchanger plate, a plate heat exchanger and a method for manufacturing a heat exchanger plate
WO2009080692A1 (en) * 2007-12-21 2009-07-02 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Heat exchanger
EP2963375A1 (en) * 2013-02-27 2016-01-06 Hisaka Works, Ltd. Plate-type heat exchanger
US11774191B2 (en) * 2017-10-05 2023-10-03 Alfa Laval Corporate Ab Heat transfer plate and a plate pack for a heat exchanger comprising a plurality of such heat transfer plates
US11486657B2 (en) * 2018-07-17 2022-11-01 Tranter, Inc. Heat exchanger heat transfer plate
KR20220009590A (en) * 2020-07-16 2022-01-25 디에이치피이엔지 주식회사 Structure for combining heat plate with gasket of a plate type heat exchanger

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