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WO2025121336A1 - Polyimide resin - Google Patents

Polyimide resin Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025121336A1
WO2025121336A1 PCT/JP2024/042779 JP2024042779W WO2025121336A1 WO 2025121336 A1 WO2025121336 A1 WO 2025121336A1 JP 2024042779 W JP2024042779 W JP 2024042779W WO 2025121336 A1 WO2025121336 A1 WO 2025121336A1
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Prior art keywords
mol
compound represented
formula
structural unit
polyimide resin
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PCT/JP2024/042779
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
雅也 甲山
重之 廣瀬
修也 末永
晃久 松丸
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Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co Inc
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Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Co Inc
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Publication of WO2025121336A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025121336A1/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08JWORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/18Manufacture of films or sheets

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to polyimide resins.
  • polyimide resins are obtained by polycondensation of aromatic tetracarboxylic anhydrides and aromatic diamines. Due to their structure, polyimide resins have molecular rigidity, resonance stabilization, and strong chemical bonds. Therefore, polyimide resins have excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance, mechanical properties, and electrical properties, and are widely used in fields such as molding materials, composite materials, electrical and electronic parts, optical materials, displays, and aerospace. In recent years, polyimides have been increasingly used as optical and electronic materials for image display devices, and properties such as colorless transparency and solvent solubility of polyimide resins are being required. However, conventional polyimides have a problem in that many of them have high haze values and yellow indexes (YI: yellowness).
  • Patent Document 1 proposes a film that includes a fluorinated polyimide layer having a total haze value of 4 or less, a yellow index of 3 or less, and a total light transmittance of 90% or more.
  • Fluorinated polyimide can improve colorlessness and transparency and improve solubility, but some compounds belonging to the group of perfluoroalkyl compounds and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFAS; perfluoroalkyl substances and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are restricted substances in the European REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) regulations due to concerns about environmental burden and health hazards, and the regulations are expected to become stricter in the future.
  • PFAS perfluoroalkyl compounds and polyfluoroalkyl compounds
  • EEACH Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals
  • the use of perfluoroalkyl compounds and polyfluoroalkyl compounds in electronic components may be restricted. If it is only necessary to improve colorlessness and transparency, it is possible to improve colorlessness and transparency by using an aliphatic raw material, an alicyclic raw material, etc.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a polyimide resin that has a high elastic modulus and high strength, is excellent in elongation, is soluble in a solvent, and is colorless and transparent.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a polyimide resin that has the above properties without containing a perfluoroalkyl structure or a polyfluoroalkyl structure.
  • the inventors discovered that a polyimide resin containing a specific combination of structural units and a specific structure can solve the above problems, leading to the completion of the invention.
  • a method for producing a polyimide resin comprising: a step of imidizing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride containing a compound represented by the following formula (a1) and a diamine containing a compound represented by the following formula (b1) in the presence of a base catalyst and an organic solvent containing a lactone-based solvent, wherein neither the tetracarboxylic dianhydride nor the diamine contains the following structural element (c), and the amount of the base catalyst is 30 mol % or more relative to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, or the organic solvent containing the lactone-based solvent contains an amide-based solvent.
  • a method for producing a polyimide resin comprising: a step of imidizing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride containing a compound represented by the following formula (a1) and a diamine containing a compound represented by the following formula (b1) in the presence of a base catalyst, wherein the compound represented by formula (a1) contains a compound represented by the following formula (a11): [11]
  • the present invention provides a polyimide resin that has a high elastic modulus and high strength, yet also has excellent elongation, is soluble in solvents, and is colorless and transparent.
  • a polyimide resin that has the above properties without containing a perfluoroalkyl structure or a polyfluoroalkyl structure. Therefore, the polyimide resin of the present invention is useful as an optical material or electronic material, particularly as a display material.
  • the polyimide resin of the present invention is a polyimide resin having a structural unit A derived from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a structural unit B derived from a diamine, wherein the structural unit A contains a structural unit (A1) derived from a compound represented by the following formula (a1), the structural unit (A1) contains 35 mol % or more of a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, and the structural unit B contains a structural unit (B1) derived from a compound represented by the following formula (b1), but does not contain the following structural element (c):
  • the polyimide resin of the present invention is colorless and has excellent transparency, has a high elastic modulus and excellent elongation, and is soluble in a solvent.
  • X is a fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom, or a carbon atom.
  • the reason why the polyimide resin of the present invention has a high elastic modulus and high strength, yet is excellent in elongation, is soluble in a solvent, and is colorless and transparent is not clear, but is thought to be as follows.
  • the polyimide resin of the present invention is considered to have excellent colorless transparency and solubility due to the inclusion of a cyclohexane structure, which is an alicyclic structure.
  • it is considered to have a high elastic modulus and high strength due to the inclusion of a rigid structure, namely a biphenyl structure having a substituent.
  • the trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride is considered to have good packing, and it is considered that by including a certain amount or more of this structure, it is possible to achieve a high elastic modulus and high strength while maintaining the above-mentioned performance, and further, it is considered that the good packing suppresses breakage due to slippage of polymer chains and improves elongation. From the above, it is considered that the polyimide resin of the present invention has a high elastic modulus and high strength, is excellent in elongation, is soluble in a solvent, and is colorless and transparent.
  • the structural unit A is a structural unit derived from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride contained in a polyimide resin.
  • the structural unit A contains a structural unit (A1) derived from a compound represented by the following formula (a1), and the structural unit (A1) contains 35 mol % or more of a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride and does not contain the following structural element (c).
  • X is a fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom, or a carbon atom.
  • the structural unit A contains at least a certain amount of the structural unit (A1), particularly the trans structure, it is possible to increase the elastic modulus and strength of the polyimide resin, improve elongation, improve colorless transparency, and improve solvent solubility without containing the perfluoroalkyl structure or polyfluoroalkyl structure represented by the structural element (c).
  • the compound represented by formula (a1) is 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (HPMDA).
  • HPMDA 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride
  • the ratio of the structural unit (A1) in the structural unit A is preferably 35 mol% or more, more preferably 50 mol% or more, even more preferably 70 mol% or more, even more preferably 80 mol% or more, even more preferably 85 mol% or more, even more preferably 90 mol% or more, with the upper limit being 100 mol% or less.
  • the structural unit A may consist of only the structural unit (A1).
  • the structural unit (A1) contains a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • the trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride refers to a structure of the following formula (1) in the skeleton of a polyimide resin. Note that the structure of the following formula (2) is a cis structure and is not included in the trans structure.
  • the raw material for obtaining the structure of formula (1) is preferably (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, but is not limited to (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, and may be a raw material other than (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, such as (1S,2R,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride having a cis structure.
  • the structure of formula (1) is a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • the ratio of the trans structure derived from the (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride contained in the structural unit (A1) is 35 mol% or more in the structural unit (A1).
  • the ratio of the trans structure derived from the (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride contained in the structural unit (A1) is preferably 35 to 100 mol%, more preferably 40 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 50 to 100 mol%, still more preferably 55 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 60 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 70 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 75 to 100 mol%, and still more preferably It is preferably 80 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 85 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 90 to 100 mol%, and even more preferably 95 to 100 mol%, and the structural unit (A1) may consist only of a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, and it is even more preferable that the structural unit (A1) consists only of a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,
  • the transparency of the obtained polyimide resin can be improved and the elastic modulus can be increased. That is, the ratio of the structure of formula (1) contained in the structural unit (A1) is 35 mol% or more in the structural unit (A1).
  • the ratio of the structure of formula (1) contained in the structural unit (A1) is preferably 35 to 100 mol%, more preferably 40 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 50 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 55 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 60 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 70 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 75 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 80 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 85 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 90 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 95 to 100 mol%, and the structural unit (A1) may be composed only of the structure of formula (1), and it is even more preferable that the structural unit (A1) is composed only of the structure of formula (1).
  • the structural unit (A1) contains a trans structure, the transparency of the resulting polyimide resin can be improved and the elastic modulus can be increased.
  • the structural unit A may be composed only of the structural unit (A1), or may include a structural unit other than the structural unit (A1).
  • the structural unit A further includes, as a structural unit other than the structural unit (A1), a structural unit (A2) derived from a compound represented by the following formula (a2):
  • the compound represented by formula (a2) is 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA).
  • CBDA 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride
  • the ratio of structural unit (A2) in structural unit A is preferably 0 to 27 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 27 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 27 mol%, even more preferably 3 to 27 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 27 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 27 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 25 mol%, even more preferably 15 to 25 mol%, even more preferably 15 to 23 mol%, and even more preferably 15 to 22 mol%.
  • the ratio of the structural unit (A1) in the structural unit A is preferably 73 to 100 mol%, and when the structural unit A contains the structural unit (A2), the ratio of the structural unit (A1) in the structural unit A is preferably 99.5 mol% or less, more preferably 73 to 99.5 mol%, even more preferably 73 to 99 mol%, even more preferably 73 to 97 mol%, even more preferably 73 to 95 mol%, even more preferably 73 to 90 mol%, even more preferably 75 to 90 mol%, even more preferably 75 to 85 mol%, even more preferably 77 to 85 mol%, and even more preferably 78 to 85 mol%.
  • the molar ratio of the structural unit (A1) to the structural unit (A2) in the structural unit A [(A1)/(A2)] is preferably 73/27 to 99.5/0.5, more preferably 73/27 to 99/1, even more preferably 73/27 to 97/3, even more preferably 73/27 to 95/5, even more preferably 73/27 to 90/10, even more preferably 75/25 to 90/10, even more preferably 75/25 to 85/15, even more preferably 77/23 to 85/15, and even more preferably 78/22 to 85/15.
  • the total ratio of the structural units (A1) and (A2) in the structural unit A is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 70 mol% or more, even more preferably 90 mol% or more, and preferably 100 mol% or less.
  • the structural unit A may consist only of the structural units (A1) and (A2), and it is even more preferable that the structural unit A consists only of the structural units (A1) and (A2).
  • the total ratio of the structural units (A1) and (A2) in the structural unit A may be 100 mol%, and it is even more preferable that it is 100 mol%.
  • the structural unit A may contain structural units other than the structural unit (A1) and the structural unit (A2).
  • the tetracarboxylic dianhydride that gives such a structural unit is not particularly limited, but may include aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides other than the above compounds, alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, and aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides.
  • ODPA 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride
  • DSDA 3,3',
  • Examples of alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include cyclohexane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-cyclopentane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-bicyclohexyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, decahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene-2,3,6,7-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (DNDA), 5,5'-(1,4-phenylene)-bis[hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran-1,3-dione], 5,5'-bis-2-norborane, and the like.
  • DNDA 5,
  • aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride examples include 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride refers to a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride containing one or more aromatic rings
  • alicyclic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride refers to a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride containing one or more alicyclic rings but no aromatic rings
  • aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride refers to a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride containing neither an aromatic ring nor an alicyclic ring.
  • the structural unit optionally contained in the structural unit A may be of one type, or of two or more types.
  • the structural unit B is a structural unit derived from a diamine contained in the polyimide resin.
  • the structural unit B contains a structural unit (B1) derived from a compound represented by the following formula (b1): In addition, it does not contain the following structural element (c).
  • X is a fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom, or a carbon atom.
  • the elastic modulus can be increased while maintaining the colorless transparency and solvent solubility of the polyimide resin without containing the perfluoroalkyl structure or polyfluoroalkyl structure represented by the structural element (c).
  • the compound represented by formula (b1) is 2,2'-dimethylbenzidine (mTB).
  • the ratio of the structural unit (B1) in the structural unit B is preferably 40 to 100 mol%, more preferably 50 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 70 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 80 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 85 to 100 mol%, and even more preferably 85 to 95 mol%.
  • the ratio of the structural unit (B1) in the structural unit B may be 100 mol%, and the structural unit B may consist only of the structural unit (B1).
  • the structural unit B may consist only of the structural unit (B1), or may include a structural unit other than the structural unit (B1).
  • the structural unit B further includes, as a structural unit other than the structural unit (B1), a structural unit (B2) derived from a compound represented by the following formula (b2): (In formula (b2), each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Y is a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and n is 0 or 1.)
  • each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
  • Y is a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 30 carbon atoms
  • n is 0 or 1.
  • Each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom, and more preferably both of the two R's are hydrogen atoms.
  • n is 0 or 1, preferably 1.
  • the compound represented by formula (b2) is 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide (DABA).
  • the structural unit B By including in the structural unit B a structural unit derived from 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide (DABA) among the structural units (B2), it is possible to improve the colorless transparency and elongation while maintaining the high elastic modulus of the polyimide resin.
  • DABA 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide
  • the compound represented by formula (b2) when n is 1, contains Y which is a divalent group having 12 to 30 carbon atoms. Y is a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and is preferably a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 26 carbon atoms.
  • preferred compounds when n is 1 include compounds represented by the following formula (b21), compounds represented by the following formula (b22), compounds represented by the following formula (b23), and compounds represented by the following formula (b24).
  • the compound represented by formula (b2) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (b21), a compound represented by the following formula (b22), a compound represented by the following formula (b23), and a compound represented by the following formula (b24), more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (b21), a compound represented by the following formula (b22), and a compound represented by the following formula (b23), even more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (b21) and a compound represented by the following formula (b23), and still more preferably a compound represented by formula (b21).
  • the compound represented by formula (b21) is N,N'-(2,2'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[4-amino-3-methylbenzamide] (AMB-mTOL).
  • AMB-mTOL N,N'-(2,2'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[4-amino-3-methylbenzamide]
  • the structural unit B contains a structural unit derived from the compound represented by formula (b21), which is one of the structural units (B2), it is possible to improve the colorless transparency and elongation while maintaining the high elastic modulus of the polyimide resin.
  • the compound represented by formula (b22) is N,N'-[(octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetraoxobenzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dipyrrole-2,6(1H,3H)-diyl)bis(3-methoxy-4,1-phenylene)]bis[4-amino-benzamide] (AB-MP-HPMDI).
  • the structural unit B contains a structural unit derived from the compound represented by formula (b22), which is one of the structural units (B2), it is possible to improve the colorless transparency and elongation while maintaining a high elastic modulus of the polyimide resin.
  • the compound represented by formula (b23) is N,N'-(2,2'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[4-amino-benzamide] (AB-mTOL).
  • the structural unit B contains a structural unit derived from the compound represented by formula (b23), which is one of the structural units (B2), it is possible to improve the colorless transparency and elongation while maintaining a high elastic modulus of the polyimide resin.
  • the compound represented by formula (b24) is N,N'-(oxydi-4,1-phenylene)bis[4-amino-benzamide] (AB-44ODA).
  • the structural unit B contains a structural unit derived from the compound represented by formula (b24), which is one of the structural units (B2), it is possible to improve the colorless transparency and elongation while maintaining a high elastic modulus of the polyimide resin.
  • the structural unit (B2) in the structural unit B, it is possible to improve the colorless transparency and elongation while maintaining a high elastic modulus of the polyimide resin.
  • the proportion of the structural unit (B2) in the structural unit B is preferably 1 to 60 mol%, more preferably 1 to 50 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 40 mol%, still more preferably 1 to 30 mol%, even more preferably 3 to 25 mol%, even more preferably 3 to 20 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 20 mol%, and even more preferably 5 to 15 mol%.
  • the molar ratio of the structural unit (B1) to the structural unit (B2) in the structural unit B [(B1)/(B2)] is preferably 40/60 to 99/1, more preferably 50/50 to 99/1, even more preferably 60/40 to 99/1, even more preferably 70/30 to 99/1, even more preferably 75/25 to 97/3, even more preferably 80/20 to 97/3, even more preferably 80/20 to 95/5, and even more preferably 85/15 to 95/5.
  • the total ratio of the structural unit (B1) and the structural unit (B2) in the structural unit B is preferably 70 mol% or more, more preferably 80 mol% or more, even more preferably 90 mol% or more, and preferably 100 mol% or less.
  • the structural units contained in the structural unit B may be only the structural unit (B1) and the structural unit (B2).
  • the structural unit B may contain structural units other than the structural unit (B1) and the structural unit (B2).
  • Diamines that provide such structural units are not particularly limited, but include aromatic diamines, alicyclic diamines, and aliphatic diamines, excluding the compound represented by formula (b1) and excluding the compound represented by formula (b2).
  • Aromatic diamines other than the above compounds include 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (4,4'-DDS), 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (3,3'-DDS), octafluorobenzidine (8FBZ), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene-1,4-diamine, 2,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene-1,3-diamine, bis(4-aminophenyl)terephthalate (APTP), 1,4-bis(4-aminobenzoyloxy)benzene, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (4,4'-ODA), 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), 9, 9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene (BAFL), 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl (
  • alicyclic diamine examples include 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane (1,3-BAC), 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,3-cyclohexyldiamine, 1,4-cyclohexyldiamine, isophoronediamine, bis(aminomethyl)norbornane, 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexyl ether, and 2,2-bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)propane.
  • Aliphatic diamines include ethylenediamine and hexamethylenediamine.
  • an aromatic diamine means a diamine containing one or more aromatic rings
  • an alicyclic diamine means a diamine containing one or more alicyclic rings but no aromatic rings
  • an aliphatic diamine means a diamine containing neither an aromatic ring nor an alicyclic ring.
  • the structural unit optionally contained in the structural unit B may be of one type, or of two or more types.
  • the polyimide resin of the present invention does not contain the following structural element (c).
  • X is a fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom, or a carbon atom.
  • the structural element (c) in the present invention will be described in detail below. Note that the structural element (c) in the polyimide resin, its production method, polyimide varnish, and polyimide film of the present invention all have the same meaning.
  • the carbon atom bonded to the CF2 group other than X in formula (c) is a secondary carbon, a tertiary carbon, or a quaternary carbon, and may be a carbon atom constituting an aromatic ring, and may be substituted with an atom other than a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom. Examples of the atom other than a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom include a halogen atom, a nitrogen atom, and an oxygen atom.
  • the carbon atom X is a primary carbon, a secondary carbon, a tertiary carbon, or a quaternary carbon, and may be a carbon atom constituting an aromatic ring, and may be substituted with an atom other than a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom.
  • the atom other than a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom include a halogen atom, a nitrogen atom, and an oxygen atom.
  • the structural element (c) is a perfluoroalkyl structure or a polyfluoroalkyl structure.
  • polyimide resins containing the above structural elements include polyimide resins having a structural unit derived from the following tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a structural unit derived from the following diamine.
  • the polyimide resin of the present invention does not have any of the structural units derived from the following tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the structural units derived from the following diamine.
  • tetracarboxylic dianhydride examples include 9,9-bis(trifluoromethyl)-9H-xanthene-2,3,6,7-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (6FCDA), 2,2-bis[4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane dianhydride, and 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA).
  • the diamines include 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (6FODA), 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl (2,2'-TFMB), 3,3'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-5,5'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane (HFDA), 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-methylphenyl)hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane (HFBAPP), and the like.
  • 6FODA 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether
  • the number average molecular weight of the polyimide resin is preferably 5,000 to 300,000 from the viewpoint of the mechanical strength of the resulting polyimide film.
  • the number average molecular weight of the polyimide resin can be determined, for example, from a standard polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) equivalent value measured by gel filtration chromatography.
  • the polyimide resin may contain a structure other than the polyimide chain (a structure formed by imide bonding between the structural unit A and the structural unit B).
  • structures other than the polyimide chain that may be contained in the polyimide resin include structures containing amide bonds.
  • the structures other than the polyimide chain do not contain the structural element (c).
  • the polyimide resin preferably contains a polyimide chain (a structure formed by imide bonding of structural unit A and structural unit B) as a main structure. Therefore, the ratio of the polyimide chain in the polyimide resin is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 90% by mass or more, and even more preferably 99% by mass or more. Also, it is preferably 100% by mass or less. Even more preferably, it is 100% by mass, and the polyimide resin may be composed of only polyimide chains.
  • the structural unit A derived from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride contains a structural unit (A1) derived from a compound represented by formula (a1), and the structural unit (A1) contains 35 mol % or more of a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride. Therefore, it is necessary to produce the polyimide resin under conditions that result in the trans structure. According to the production method of the present invention, a polyimide resin having the trans structure can be obtained.
  • a first production method which is a first embodiment includes a step of imidizing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride containing a compound represented by the following formula (a1) and a diamine containing a compound represented by the following formula (b1) in the presence of a base catalyst and an organic solvent containing a lactone-based solvent, in which the ratio of the compound represented by formula (a1) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is 35 mol % or more, neither the tetracarboxylic dianhydride nor the diamine contains the following structural element (c), and the amount of the base catalyst is 30 mol % or more relative to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, or the organic solvent containing a lactone-based solvent includes an amide-based solvent.
  • the first production method further includes a method in which the amount of the base catalyst is 30 mol % or more based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and a method in which the organic solvent containing a lactone solvent contains an amide solvent.
  • the method in which the amount of the base catalyst is 30 mol % or more based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride (The method in which the amount of the base catalyst is 30 mol % or more based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride)
  • the polyimide resin having the trans structure can be obtained. It is believed that when the amount of the base catalyst is equal to or greater than a certain amount, the imidization reaction is promoted and at the same time the isomerization reaction from cis type to trans type easily proceeds, making it possible to obtain a polyimide resin having a trans type structure.
  • the base catalyst and organic solvent used in this method are described below.
  • the base catalyst examples include organic base catalysts such as pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, ⁇ -picoline, ⁇ -picoline, 2,4-lutidine, 2,6-lutidine, trimethylamine, triethylamine (TEA), tripropylamine, tributylamine, triethylenediamine, imidazole, N,N-dimethylaniline, and N,N-diethylaniline; and inorganic base catalysts such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, and sodium hydrogencarbonate.
  • organic base catalysts such as pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, ⁇ -picoline, ⁇ -picoline, 2,4-lutidine, 2,6-lutidine, trimethylamine, triethylamine (TEA), tripropylamine, tributylamine, triethylenediamine, imidazole, N,N-dimethylaniline, and N,N-dieth
  • an organic base catalyst is more preferred, at least one selected from the group consisting of triethylamine and triethylenediamine is even more preferred, and both triethylamine and triethylenediamine are even more preferred. Therefore, it is even more preferred that the base catalyst contains both triethylamine and triethylenediamine.
  • the amount of base catalyst used in this method is 30 mol% or more, preferably 100 mol% or less, more preferably 30 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 30 to 60 mol%, and even more preferably 40 to 60 mol%, relative to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • the amount of triethylamine used in this step is preferably 20 mol% or more, preferably 100 mol% or less, more preferably 20 to 90 mol%, even more preferably 20 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 20 to 55 mol%, even more preferably 30 to 55 mol%, and even more preferably 40 to 55 mol%, relative to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • the amount of triethylenediamine is preferably 50 mol% or less, more preferably 1 to 50 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 20 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 10 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 7 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 6 mol%, even more preferably 2 to 6 mol%, and even more preferably 3 to 6 mol%, based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • the organic solvent used in the present method includes a lactone solvent.
  • lactone solvents include ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL) and ⁇ -valerolactone, with ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL) being preferred.
  • the ratio of the lactone solvent contained in the organic solvent is preferably 10 to 100 mass%, more preferably 30 to 100 mass%, even more preferably 50 to 100 mass%, still more preferably 70 to 100 mass%, still more preferably 90 to 100 mass%, still more preferably 95 to 100 mass%, and still more preferably 99 to 100 mass%, relative to the total amount of the organic solvent, and the organic solvent may consist of only the lactone solvent.
  • the organic solvent may include an organic solvent other than a lactone-based solvent.
  • organic solvents include, but are not limited to, aprotic solvents other than lactone-based solvents, phenol-based solvents, etc.
  • Examples of aprotic solvents other than lactone-based solvents include amide-based solvents, glycol-based solvents, phosphorus-containing amide-based solvents, sulfur-containing solvents, ketone-based solvents, amine-based solvents, ester-based solvents, ether-based solvents, and carbonate-based solvents.
  • Examples of the amide solvent include N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylcaprolactam, 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone, tetramethylurea, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, and 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide.
  • glycol solvent examples include diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
  • examples of phosphorus-containing amide solvents include hexamethylphosphoric amide and hexamethylphosphine triamide.
  • Examples of the sulfur-containing solvent include dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and sulfolane.
  • Examples of the ketone solvent include acetone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, and methylcyclohexanone.
  • the amine solvent examples include picoline and pyridine.
  • Examples of the ester solvent include 2-methoxy-1-methylethyl acetate.
  • ether solvent examples include 1,2-dimethoxyethane, bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether, 1,2-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane, bis[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]ether, tetrahydrofuran, and 1,4-dioxane.
  • carbonate solvent examples include diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate.
  • phenol-based solvent examples include phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, 2,3-xylenol, 2,4-xylenol, 2,5-xylenol, 2,6-xylenol, 3,4-xylenol, and 3,5-xylenol.
  • organic solvents other than the lactone solvents aprotic solvents are preferred, and amide solvents are more preferred.
  • the organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the base catalyst examples include organic base catalysts such as pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, ⁇ -picoline, ⁇ -picoline, 2,4-lutidine, 2,6-lutidine, trimethylamine, triethylamine (TEA), tripropylamine, tributylamine, triethylenediamine, imidazole, N,N-dimethylaniline, and N,N-diethylaniline; and inorganic base catalysts such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, and sodium hydrogencarbonate.
  • organic base catalysts such as pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, ⁇ -picoline, ⁇ -picoline, 2,4-lutidine, 2,6-lutidine, trimethylamine, triethylamine (TEA), tripropylamine, tributylamine, triethylenediamine, imidazole, N,N-dimethylaniline, and N,N-dieth
  • an organic base catalyst is more preferred, at least one selected from the group consisting of triethylamine and triethylenediamine is even more preferred, and it is even more preferred to use both triethylamine and triethylenediamine.
  • the amount of base catalyst used in this step is preferably 100 mol% or less, more preferably 1 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 30 to 60 mol%, and even more preferably 40 to 60 mol%, based on the amount of tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • the amount of triethylamine used in this step is preferably 100 mol% or less, more preferably 1 to 90 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 55 mol%, even more preferably 30 to 55 mol%, and even more preferably 40 to 55 mol%, relative to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • the amount of triethylenediamine is preferably 50 mol% or less, more preferably 1 to 50 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 20 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 10 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 7 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 6 mol%, even more preferably 2 to 6 mol%, and even more preferably 3 to 6 mol%, based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • the amount of the base catalyst used in this step relative to the amount of the diamine is preferably the same as the amount relative to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride. Therefore, the amount of the base catalyst used in this step is preferably 100 mol % or less, more preferably 1 to 100 mol %, even more preferably 1 to 60 mol %, still more preferably 5 to 60 mol %, still more preferably 10 to 60 mol %, still more preferably 30 to 60 mol %, and still more preferably 40 to 60 mol %, based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine.
  • the amount of triethylamine used in this step is preferably 100 mol% or less, more preferably 1 to 90 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 55 mol%, even more preferably 30 to 55 mol%, and even more preferably 40 to 55 mol%, based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine.
  • the amount of triethylenediamine is preferably 50 mol % or less, more preferably 1 to 50 mol %, even more preferably 1 to 20 mol %, still more preferably 1 to 10 mol %, still more preferably 1 to 7 mol %, still more preferably 1 to 6 mol %, still more preferably 2 to 6 mol %, and still more preferably 3 to 6 mol %, based on the amounts of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine.
  • "with respect to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine” means “with respect to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and similarly with respect to the amount of the diamine.”
  • the organic solvents used in the present method include lactone-based solvents and amide-based solvents.
  • lactone solvents include ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL) and ⁇ -valerolactone, with ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL) being preferred.
  • amide solvent include N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylcaprolactam, 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone, tetramethylurea, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, and 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, and N,N-dimethylacetamide is preferred.
  • the mass ratio of the lactone solvent to the amide solvent in the organic solvent [lactone solvent/amide solvent] is preferably 50/50 to 99/1, more preferably 60/40 to 99/1, even more preferably 60/40 to 97/3, even more preferably 70/30 to 95/5, even more preferably 70/30 to 90/10, even more preferably 70/30 to 85/15, and even more preferably 75/25 to 85/15.
  • the total ratio of the lactone solvent and the amide solvent contained in the organic solvent is preferably 10 to 100% by mass, more preferably 30 to 100% by mass, even more preferably 50 to 100% by mass, even more preferably 70 to 100% by mass, even more preferably 90 to 100% by mass, even more preferably 95 to 100% by mass, and even more preferably 99 to 100% by mass, and the organic solvent may consist only of a lactone solvent and an amide solvent, and preferably consists only of a lactone solvent and an amide solvent.
  • the organic solvent may include organic solvents other than lactone solvents and amide solvents. Such organic solvents are not particularly limited, but include aprotic solvents other than lactone solvents and amide solvents, phenol solvents, etc.
  • Examples of aprotic solvents other than lactone solvents and amide solvents include glycol solvents, phosphorus-containing amide solvents, sulfur-containing solvents, ketone solvents, amine solvents, ester solvents, ether solvents, and carbonate solvents.
  • Examples of the glycol solvent include diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
  • Examples of phosphorus-containing amide solvents include hexamethylphosphoric amide and hexamethylphosphine triamide.
  • Examples of the sulfur-containing solvent include dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and sulfolane.
  • Examples of the ketone solvent include acetone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, and methylcyclohexanone.
  • Examples of the amine solvent include picoline and pyridine.
  • Examples of the ester solvent include 2-methoxy-1-methylethyl acetate.
  • Examples of the ether solvent include 1,2-dimethoxyethane, bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether, 1,2-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane, bis[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]ether, tetrahydrofuran, and 1,4-dioxane.
  • Examples of the carbonate solvent include diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate.
  • phenol-based solvent examples include phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, 2,3-xylenol, 2,4-xylenol, 2,5-xylenol, 2,6-xylenol, 3,4-xylenol, and 3,5-xylenol.
  • organic solvents other than the lactone solvents and amide solvents, aprotic solvents are preferred.
  • the organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • a second production method which is a second embodiment includes a step of imidizing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride containing a compound represented by the following formula (a1) and a diamine containing a compound represented by the following formula (b1) in the presence of a base catalyst, in which the ratio of the compound represented by formula (a1) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is 35 mol % or more, and the compound represented by formula (a1) contains a compound represented by the following formula (a11):
  • the compound represented by formula (a1) serving as the raw material has a trans structure, a polyimide resin having the trans structure can be obtained.
  • the catalyst and organic solvent used in this method are described below.
  • the base catalyst examples include organic base catalysts such as pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, ⁇ -picoline, ⁇ -picoline, 2,4-lutidine, 2,6-lutidine, trimethylamine, triethylamine (TEA), tripropylamine, tributylamine, triethylenediamine, imidazole, N,N-dimethylaniline, and N,N-diethylaniline; and inorganic base catalysts such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, and sodium hydrogencarbonate.
  • organic base catalysts such as pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, ⁇ -picoline, ⁇ -picoline, 2,4-lutidine, 2,6-lutidine, trimethylamine, triethylamine (TEA), tripropylamine, tributylamine, triethylenediamine, imidazole, N,N-dimethylaniline, and N,N-dieth
  • an organic base catalyst is more preferable, at least one selected from the group consisting of triethylamine and triethylenediamine is even more preferable, and it is even more preferable to use both triethylamine and triethylenediamine.
  • the amount of base catalyst used in this method is preferably 100 mol% or less, more preferably 1 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 30 to 60 mol%, and even more preferably 40 to 60 mol%, based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • the amount of triethylamine used in this method is preferably 100 mol% or less, more preferably 1 to 90 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 55 mol%, even more preferably 30 to 55 mol%, and even more preferably 40 to 55 mol%, relative to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • the amount of triethylenediamine is preferably 50 mol% or less, more preferably 1 to 50 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 20 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 10 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 7 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 6 mol%, even more preferably 2 to 6 mol%, and even more preferably 3 to 6 mol%, based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • the amount of the base catalyst used in this step relative to the amount of the diamine is preferably the same as the amount relative to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride. Therefore, the amount of the base catalyst used in the present method is preferably 100 mol % or less, more preferably 1 to 100 mol %, even more preferably 1 to 60 mol %, still more preferably 5 to 60 mol %, still more preferably 10 to 60 mol %, still more preferably 30 to 60 mol %, and still more preferably 40 to 60 mol %, based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine.
  • the amount of triethylamine used in this method is preferably 100 mol% or less, more preferably 1 to 90 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 55 mol%, even more preferably 30 to 55 mol%, and even more preferably 40 to 55 mol%, based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine.
  • the amount of triethylenediamine is preferably 50 mol % or less, more preferably 1 to 50 mol %, even more preferably 1 to 20 mol %, still more preferably 1 to 10 mol %, still more preferably 1 to 7 mol %, still more preferably 1 to 6 mol %, still more preferably 2 to 6 mol %, and still more preferably 3 to 6 mol %, based on the amounts of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine.
  • "with respect to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine” means “with respect to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and similarly with respect to the amount of the diamine.”
  • the organic solvent used in this method is not limited as long as it does not inhibit the imidization reaction and can dissolve the resulting polyimide resin, but preferably contains a lactone-based solvent.
  • lactone solvents include ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL) and ⁇ -valerolactone, with ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL) being preferred.
  • the ratio of the lactone solvent contained in the organic solvent is preferably 10 to 100 mass%, more preferably 30 to 100 mass%, even more preferably 50 to 100 mass%, still more preferably 70 to 100 mass%, still more preferably 90 to 100 mass%, still more preferably 95 to 100 mass%, and still more preferably 99 to 100 mass%, and the organic solvent may consist of only the lactone solvent.
  • the organic solvent may include an organic solvent other than a lactone-based solvent.
  • organic solvents include, but are not limited to, aprotic solvents other than lactone-based solvents, phenol-based solvents, etc.
  • Examples of aprotic solvents other than lactone-based solvents include amide-based solvents, glycol-based solvents, phosphorus-containing amide-based solvents, sulfur-containing solvents, ketone-based solvents, amine-based solvents, ester-based solvents, ether-based solvents, and carbonate-based solvents.
  • Examples of the amide solvent include N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylcaprolactam, 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone, tetramethylurea, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, and 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide.
  • glycol solvent examples include diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
  • examples of phosphorus-containing amide solvents include hexamethylphosphoric amide and hexamethylphosphine triamide.
  • Examples of the sulfur-containing solvent include dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and sulfolane.
  • Examples of the ketone solvent include acetone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, and methylcyclohexanone.
  • the amine solvent examples include picoline and pyridine.
  • Examples of the ester solvent include 2-methoxy-1-methylethyl acetate.
  • ether solvent examples include 1,2-dimethoxyethane, bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether, 1,2-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane, bis[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]ether, tetrahydrofuran, and 1,4-dioxane.
  • carbonate solvent examples include diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate.
  • phenol-based solvent examples include phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, 2,3-xylenol, 2,4-xylenol, 2,5-xylenol, 2,6-xylenol, 3,4-xylenol, and 3,5-xylenol.
  • organic solvents other than the lactone solvents aprotic solvents are preferred, and amide solvents are more preferred.
  • the organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
  • the tetracarboxylic dianhydride contains a compound represented by the following formula (a1), and the ratio of the compound represented by the following formula (a1) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is 35 mol % or more. In addition, it is preferable that the tetracarboxylic dianhydride does not contain the following structural element (c). In the first production method, the tetracarboxylic dianhydride does not contain the following structural element (c).
  • X is a fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom, or a carbon atom.
  • tetracarboxylic dianhydride contains a certain amount or more of the compound represented by formula (a1), the resulting polyimide resin can have improved colorless transparency, increased elastic modulus, good elongation, and improved solvent solubility, without containing the perfluoroalkyl structure or polyfluoroalkyl structure represented by the structural element (c).
  • the compound represented by formula (a1) is 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (HPMDA).
  • the ratio of the compound represented by formula (a1) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is preferably 35 mol% or more, more preferably 50 mol% or more, even more preferably 70 mol% or more, even more preferably 80 mol% or more, even more preferably 85 mol% or more, even more preferably 90 mol% or more, with the upper limit being 100 mol% or less.
  • the tetracarboxylic dianhydride may consist only of the compound represented by formula (a1).
  • the ratio of the compound represented by formula (a11) contained in the compound represented by formula (a1) is preferably 30 to 100 mol%, more preferably 50 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 60 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 70 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 80 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 90 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 95 to 100 mol%, may be 100 mol%, and even more preferably is 100 mol%.
  • the compound represented by formula (a1) may be composed only of the compound represented by formula (a11), and it is even more preferable that the compound represented by formula (a1) is composed only of the compound represented by formula (a11).
  • the tetracarboxylic dianhydride may consist only of the compound represented by formula (a1), or may contain a tetracarboxylic dianhydride other than the compound represented by formula (a1).
  • the tetracarboxylic dianhydride other than the compound represented by formula (a1) further contains a compound represented by the following formula (a2):
  • the compound represented by formula (a2) is 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA).
  • CBDA 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride
  • the elastic modulus of the polyimide resin can be particularly increased.
  • the ratio of the compound represented by formula (a2) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is preferably 0 to 27 mol%, preferably 0.5 to 27 mol%, more preferably 1 to 27 mol%, even more preferably 3 to 27 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 27 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 27 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 25 mol%, even more preferably 15 to 25 mol%, even more preferably 15 to 23 mol%, and even more preferably 15 to 22 mol%.
  • the ratio of the compound represented by formula (a1) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is preferably 73 to 100 mol%, and the ratio of the compound represented by formula (a1) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride in the case where the tetracarboxylic dianhydride contains a compound represented by formula (a2) is preferably 99.5 mol% or less, more preferably 73 to 99.5 mol%, even more preferably 73 to 99 mol%, even more preferably 73 to 97 mol%, even more preferably 73 to 95 mol%, even more preferably 73 to 90 mol%, even more preferably 75 to 90 mol%, even more preferably 75 to 85 mol%, even more preferably 77 to 85 mol%, and even more preferably 78 to 85 mol%.
  • the molar ratio of the compound represented by formula (a1) to the compound represented by formula (a2) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride [(a1)/(a2)] is preferably 73/27 to 99.5/0.5, more preferably 73/27 to 99/1, even more preferably 73/27 to 97/3, even more preferably 73/27 to 95/5, even more preferably 73/27 to 90/10, even more preferably 75/25 to 90/10, even more preferably 75/25 to 85/15, even more preferably 77/23 to 85/15, and even more preferably 78/22 to 85/15.
  • the total ratio of the compound represented by formula (a1) and the compound represented by formula (a2) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 70 mol% or more, even more preferably 90 mol% or more, and preferably 100 mol% or less.
  • the tetracarboxylic dianhydride may consist only of the compound represented by formula (a1) and the compound represented by formula (a2), and it is preferable that the tetracarboxylic dianhydride consists only of the compound represented by formula (a1) and the compound represented by formula (a2).
  • ODPA 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride
  • DSDA 3,3',
  • Examples of alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include cyclohexane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-cyclopentane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-bicyclohexyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, decahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene-2,3,6,7-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (DNDA), 5,5'-(1,4-phenylene)-bis[hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran-1,3-dione], 5,5'-bis-2-norborane, and the like.
  • DNDA 5,
  • aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride examples include 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride refers to a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride containing one or more aromatic rings
  • alicyclic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride refers to a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride containing one or more alicyclic rings but no aromatic rings
  • aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride refers to a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride containing neither an aromatic ring nor an alicyclic ring.
  • the optionally contained tetracarboxylic dianhydride may be one type or two or more types.
  • the diamine contains a compound represented by the following formula (b1): In addition, it is preferable that the diamine does not contain the following structural element (c).
  • X is a fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom, or a carbon atom.
  • the elastic modulus can be increased while maintaining the colorless transparency and solvent solubility of the polyimide resin without containing a perfluoroalkyl structure or polyfluoroalkyl structure represented by the structural element (c).
  • the compound represented by formula (b1) is 2,2'-dimethylbenzidine (mTB).
  • the ratio of the compound represented by formula (b1) in the diamine is preferably 40 to 100 mol%, more preferably 50 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 70 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 80 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 85 to 100 mol%, and even more preferably 85 to 95 mol%.
  • the diamine may consist only of the compound represented by formula (b1).
  • the diamine may consist only of the compound represented by formula (b1), or may contain a diamine other than the compound represented by formula (b1).
  • the diamine other than the compound represented by formula (b1) further contains a compound represented by the following formula (b2): (In formula (b2), each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Y is a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and n is 0 or 1.)
  • each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
  • Y is a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 30 carbon atoms
  • n is 0 or 1.
  • Each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom, and more preferably both of the two R's are hydrogen atoms.
  • n is 0 or 1, preferably 1.
  • the compound represented by formula (b2) is 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide (DABA).
  • the diamine contains a structural unit derived from 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide (DABA) among the compounds represented by formula (b2), it is possible to improve the colorless transparency and elongation while maintaining the high elastic modulus of the polyimide resin.
  • DABA 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide
  • the compound represented by formula (b2) when n is 1, contains Y which is a divalent group having 12 to 30 carbon atoms. Y is a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and is preferably a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 26 carbon atoms.
  • preferred compounds when n is 1 include compounds represented by the following formula (b21), compounds represented by the following formula (b22), compounds represented by the following formula (b23), and compounds represented by the following formula (b24).
  • the compound represented by formula (b2) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (b21), a compound represented by the following formula (b22), a compound represented by the following formula (b23), and a compound represented by the following formula (b24), more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (b21), a compound represented by the following formula (b22), and a compound represented by the following formula (b23), even more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (b21) and a compound represented by the following formula (b23), and still more preferably a compound represented by formula (b21).
  • the compound represented by formula (b21) is N,N'-(2,2'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[4-amino-3-methylbenzamide] (AMB-mTOL).
  • AMB-mTOL N,N'-(2,2'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[4-amino-3-methylbenzamide]
  • the compound represented by formula (b22) is N,N'-[(octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetraoxobenzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dipyrrole-2,6(1H,3H)-diyl)bis(3-methoxy-4,1-phenylene)]bis[4-amino-benzamide] (AB-MP-HPMDI).
  • the diamine contains the compound represented by formula (b22)
  • the colorless transparency and elongation of the polyimide resin can be improved while maintaining a high elastic modulus.
  • the compound represented by formula (b23) is N,N'-(2,2'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[4-amino-benzamide] (AB-mTOL).
  • the compound represented by formula (b24) is N,N'-(oxydi-4,1-phenylene)bis[4-amino-benzamide] (AB-44ODA).
  • the diamine contains the compound represented by formula (b24)
  • the colorless transparency and elongation of the polyimide resin can be improved while maintaining a high elastic modulus.
  • the ratio of the compound represented by formula (b2) in the diamine is preferably 1 to 60 mol%, more preferably 1 to 50 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 40 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 30 mol%, even more preferably 3 to 25 mol%, even more preferably 3 to 20 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 20 mol%, and even more preferably 5 to 15 mol%.
  • the molar ratio of the compound represented by formula (b1) to the compound represented by formula (b2) in the diamine [(b1)/(b2)] is preferably 40/60 to 99/1, more preferably 50/50 to 99/1, even more preferably 60/40 to 99/1, still more preferably 70/30 to 99/1, still more preferably 75/25 to 97/3, still more preferably 80/20 to 97/3, still more preferably 80/20 to 95/5, and still more preferably 85/15 to 95/5.
  • the total ratio of the compound represented by formula (b1) and the compound represented by formula (b2) in the diamine is preferably 70 mol% or more, more preferably 80 mol% or more, even more preferably 90 mol% or more, and preferably 100 mol% or less.
  • the diamine may be composed of only the compound represented by formula (b1) and the compound represented by formula (b2).
  • the diamine may include a diamine other than the compound represented by formula (b1) and the compound represented by formula (b2).
  • diamines are not particularly limited, but include aromatic diamines, alicyclic diamines, and aliphatic diamines, excluding the compound represented by formula (b1) and the compound represented by formula (b2).
  • Aromatic diamines other than the above compounds include 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (4,4'-DDS), 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (3,3'-DDS), octafluorobenzidine (8FBZ), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene-1,4-diamine, 2,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene-1,3-diamine, bis(4-aminophenyl)terephthalate (APTP), 1,4-bis(4-aminobenzoyloxy)benzene, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (4,4'-ODA), 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), 9, 9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene (BAFL), 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl (
  • alicyclic diamine examples include 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane (1,3-BAC), 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,3-cyclohexyldiamine, 1,4-cyclohexyldiamine, isophoronediamine, bis(aminomethyl)norbornane, 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexyl ether, and 2,2-bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)propane.
  • Aliphatic diamines include ethylenediamine and hexamethylenediamine.
  • an aromatic diamine means a diamine containing one or more aromatic rings
  • an alicyclic diamine means a diamine containing one or more alicyclic rings but no aromatic rings
  • an aliphatic diamine means a diamine containing neither an aromatic ring nor an alicyclic ring.
  • the optionally contained diamine may be one type or two or more types.
  • the method for producing a polyimide resin of the present invention includes a step of imidizing the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine, and it is preferable to carry out the imidization reaction under the following conditions.
  • the ratio of the amounts of tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine charged is preferably 0.9 to 1.1 moles of diamine per mole of tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • a terminal blocking agent may be used in this process.
  • Monoamines or dicarboxylic acids are preferred as terminal blocking agents.
  • the amount of terminal blocking agent introduced is preferably 0.0001 to 0.1 mol, more preferably 0.001 to 0.06 mol, per 1 mol of tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
  • Examples of monoamine terminal blocking agents include methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, benzylamine, 4-methylbenzylamine, 4-ethylbenzylamine, 4-dodecylbenzylamine, 3-methylbenzylamine, 3-ethylbenzylamine, aniline, 3-methylaniline, and 4-methylaniline, with benzylamine and aniline being preferred.
  • Dicarboxylic acids are preferred as dicarboxylic acid terminal blocking agents, and a portion of the dicarboxylic acid terminal blocking agent may be ring-closed.
  • Examples include phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, 4-chlorophthalic acid, tetrafluorophthalic acid, 2,3-benzophenone dicarboxylic acid, 3,4-benzophenone dicarboxylic acid, cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, cyclopentane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, and 4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, with phthalic acid and phthalic anhydride being preferred.
  • the method for reacting the tetracarboxylic dianhydride with the diamine is not particularly limited, and any known method can be used. Specific reaction methods include (1) a method in which a tetracarboxylic dianhydride, a diamine, and an organic solvent are charged into a reactor, and the mixture is stirred at 0 to 80° C. for 0.5 to 30 hours, and then the temperature is raised to carry out an imidization reaction; (2) a method in which a diamine and an organic solvent are charged into a reactor and dissolved, and then a tetracarboxylic dianhydride is charged, and the mixture is stirred at 0 to 80° C.
  • the temperature of the imidization reaction is preferably 120 to 250°C, more preferably 160 to 200°C, from the viewpoint of reaction rate and suppression of gelation, etc.
  • the reaction time is preferably 0.5 to 10 hours after the start of distillation of the generated water.
  • the polyimide varnish of the present invention is obtained by dissolving the polyimide resin of the present invention in an organic solvent. That is, the polyimide varnish of the present invention contains the polyimide resin of the present invention and an organic solvent, and the polyimide resin is dissolved in the organic solvent.
  • the organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the polyimide resin. However, it is preferable to use the above-mentioned compounds as the organic solvent used in the production of the polyimide resin, either alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
  • the polyimide varnish of the present invention may be a solution of a polyimide resin obtained by carrying out polymerization and imidization in an organic solvent as described above, or may be a solution obtained by diluting the polyimide solution by further adding an organic solvent.
  • the polyimide varnish of the present invention preferably contains 5 to 40 mass %, more preferably 8 to 30 mass %, and even more preferably 10 to 20 mass % of the polyimide resin of the present invention.
  • the viscosity of the polyimide varnish is preferably 1 to 200 Pa ⁇ s, more preferably 1 to 100 Pa ⁇ s.
  • the viscosity of the polyimide varnish is a value measured at 25°C using an E-type viscometer.
  • the polyimide varnish of the present invention may contain various additives such as inorganic fillers, adhesion promoters, release agents, flame retardants, UV stabilizers, antioxidants, surfactants, leveling agents, defoamers, fluorescent brightening agents, crosslinking agents, polymerization initiators, and photosensitizers, as long as the additives do not impair the required properties of the polyimide resin and polyimide film.
  • additives such as inorganic fillers, adhesion promoters, release agents, flame retardants, UV stabilizers, antioxidants, surfactants, leveling agents, defoamers, fluorescent brightening agents, crosslinking agents, polymerization initiators, and photosensitizers, as long as the additives do not impair the required properties of the polyimide resin and polyimide film.
  • the method for producing the polyimide varnish of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any known method can be applied.
  • the organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the polyimide resin, but it is preferable to use the above-mentioned compounds as the organic solvent used in the production of the polyimide resin, either alone or in a mixture of two or more kinds. Among them, at least one selected from the group consisting of lactone solvents and amide solvents is preferable, lactone solvents are more preferable, and it is even more preferable to contain both lactone solvents and amide solvents.
  • At least one selected from the group consisting of ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL) and N,N-dimethylacetamide is more preferable, ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL) is more preferable, and it is even more preferable to contain both ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL) and N,N-dimethylacetamide.
  • the organic solvent contained in the polyimide varnish may contain only ⁇ -butyrolactone, but the polyimide varnish preferably contains 20 mass % or more of ⁇ -butyrolactone, more preferably 20 to 90 mass %, even more preferably 20 to 70 mass %, even more preferably 20 to 60 mass %, even more preferably 20 to 50 mass %, even more preferably 30 to 50 mass %, and even more preferably 30 to 45 mass %, based on the total amount of the polyimide varnish.
  • the organic solvent contained in the polyimide varnish preferably contains 30% by mass or more of ⁇ -butyrolactone, based on the total amount of the organic solvent, more preferably contains 30 to 95% by mass, even more preferably contains 30 to 80% by mass, even more preferably contains 30 to 70% by mass, even more preferably contains 35 to 60% by mass, and even more preferably contains 35 to 50% by mass.
  • the polyimide varnish preferably contains an amide solvent in an amount of 1% by mass or more, more preferably 5 to 70% by mass, even more preferably 20 to 70% by mass, even more preferably 25 to 70% by mass, even more preferably 35 to 70% by mass, even more preferably 35 to 60% by mass, and even more preferably 40 to 60% by mass, based on the total amount of the polyimide varnish.
  • the organic solvent contained in the polyimide varnish preferably contains an amide solvent in an amount of 1% by mass or more, more preferably 5 to 70% by mass, even more preferably 20 to 70% by mass, even more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, even more preferably 40 to 65% by mass, and even more preferably 50 to 65% by mass, based on the total amount of the organic solvent.
  • the polyimide film of the present invention contains the polyimide resin described above. Therefore, the polyimide film of the present invention does not contain a perfluoroalkyl structure or a polyfluoroalkyl structure, and is excellent in colorless transparency, high elastic modulus, and elongation.
  • the polyimide film of the present invention preferably has the following physical properties.
  • the polyimide film of the present invention preferably has a YI of 7.5 or less, a total light transmittance of 80% or more, a haze of 1.0% or less, a tensile elongation at break of 5% or more in a tensile test performed under conditions of 23° C.
  • test piece of 50 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 mm ⁇ 120 mm, a tensile speed of 20 mm/min, and a chuck distance of 50 mm, and a tensile modulus of elasticity of 3.8 GPa or more calculated as the slope of the stress-strain curve obtained by the tensile test in the section from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm strain by the least squares method.
  • the YI is preferably 7.5 or less, more preferably 7.2 or less, even more preferably 5.0 or less, even more preferably 4.0 or less, even more preferably 3.0 or less, and even more preferably 2.0 or less.
  • the total light transmittance is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 85% or more, even more preferably 86% or more, even more preferably 87% or more, and even more preferably 88% or more.
  • the haze is preferably 1.0% or less, more preferably 0.9% or less, even more preferably 0.6% or less, even more preferably 0.5% or less, even more preferably 0.4% or less, even more preferably 0.3% or less, and even more preferably 0.2% or less.
  • the tensile elongation at break in a tensile test performed under conditions of 23°C 50% RH, test piece 50 ⁇ m x 10mm x 120mm, tensile speed 20mm/min, and chuck distance 50mm is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 6% or more, even more preferably 7% or more, even more preferably 8% or more, even more preferably 9% or more, even more preferably 10% or more, and even more preferably 11% or more.
  • the tensile modulus calculated as the slope of the least squares method in the section from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm in a stress-strain curve obtained by a tensile test performed under conditions of an environment of 23°C and 50% RH, a test piece of 50 ⁇ m ⁇ 10 mm ⁇ 120 mm, a tensile speed of 20 mm/min, and a chuck distance of 50 mm, is preferably 3.8 GPa or more, more preferably 3.9 GPa or more, even more preferably 4.0 GPa or more, still more preferably 4.1 GPa or more, still more preferably 4.2 GPa or more, and still more preferably 4.3 GPa or more.
  • the above-mentioned physical properties in the present invention can be specifically measured by the methods described in the Examples.
  • the polyimide film of the present invention contains the polyimide resin, does not contain a perfluoroalkyl structure or a polyfluoroalkyl structure, and is colorless and transparent, has a high elastic modulus, and is also excellent in elongation. Therefore, the polyimide film of the present invention is suitable for use as an optical material or electronic material, particularly as a display material.
  • the thickness of the polyimide film of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 250 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 100 ⁇ m, even more preferably 8 to 80 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 10 to 80 ⁇ m.
  • the film thickness is within the above range, it can be suitably used as an optical material or electronic material, particularly as a display material.
  • the thickness of the polyimide film can be easily controlled by adjusting the solids concentration and viscosity of the varnish.
  • the method for producing the polyimide film of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any known method can be used.
  • the polyimide film can be obtained by applying a polyimide varnish onto a support and drying it.
  • the following production method is preferred. That is, a preferred method for producing a polyimide film includes a coating step of coating the polyimide varnish on a support to obtain a coating film, a primary drying step of drying the coating film and peeling it off from the support to obtain a self-supporting film, and a secondary drying step of drying the self-supporting film at 210° C., preferably 220° C. or higher.
  • the coating step is a step of applying a polyimide varnish onto a support to obtain a coating film.
  • the support is preferably a glass plate, a metal plate, a metal drum, a metal belt, or a plastic film having a smooth surface, more preferably a glass plate or a plastic film, and even more preferably a plastic film. From the viewpoint of improving productivity, it is preferable to use an endless support such as a metal drum or a metal belt, or a long plastic film as the support, and produce the polyimide film by a roll-to-roll method.
  • the coating method include known coating methods such as spin coating, slit coating, blade coating, and die coating, and can be applied without any particular limitation.
  • a glass rod, a coater, or the like may also be used.
  • the coating thickness is preferably 1 to 250 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 100 ⁇ m, even more preferably 8 to 80 ⁇ m, and still more preferably 10 to 80 ⁇ m, in terms of the thickness of the polyimide film after drying. If necessary, a release agent may be applied in advance to the surface of the support.
  • the primary drying step is a step in which the coating film is dried and peeled off from the support to obtain a self-supporting film.
  • the primary drying is a step of removing a part of the organic solvent to obtain a self-supporting film, and the organic solvent is removed by heating the coating film on the support.
  • the temperature when removing the organic solvent is preferably 50 to 140°C, more preferably 50 to 120°C. In order to prevent heating for a long time, the temperature may be gradually increased.
  • the first temperature is preferably 50 to 90°C, more preferably 50 to 70°C.
  • the final temperature is preferably 80 to 140°C, more preferably 90 to 120°C.
  • the organic solvent is preferably removed under a nitrogen atmosphere.
  • the organic solvent may be removed under reduced pressure, normal pressure, or increased pressure.
  • the resulting film is peeled off from the support, and after peeling, the film has self-supporting properties.
  • the secondary drying step is a step of drying the self-supporting film at 210° C. or higher.
  • the edges of the self-supporting film obtained in the previous step are fixed and dried at 210° C. or higher.
  • the temperature of the secondary drying is preferably 210 to 300° C., more preferably 210 to 280° C., even more preferably 210 to 260° C., still more preferably 220 to 260° C., and even more preferably 220 to 240° C.
  • the secondary drying is preferably carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere, and may be carried out under any of reduced pressure, normal pressure, and increased pressure.
  • the secondary drying time may be appropriately adjusted depending on the above temperature, but is preferably 3 to 60 minutes, more preferably 5 to 60 minutes, even more preferably 5 to 30 minutes, and even more preferably 5 to 20 minutes. From the viewpoint of further improving the colorless transparency, the time is preferably from 3 to 30 minutes, more preferably from 3 to 20 minutes, even more preferably from 3 to 15 minutes, and even more preferably from 5 to 15 minutes. On the other hand, from the viewpoint of further improving the elastic modulus, the time is more preferably from 10 to 50 minutes, even more preferably from 15 to 40 minutes, and even more preferably from 17 to 28 minutes. After secondary drying, the product is cooled and may be annealed.
  • Polyimide resin structure The structures of the polyimide resins obtained in the examples and comparative examples were analyzed by the following method.
  • Ratio of trans structure derived from cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride HPMDA trans structure ratio
  • the ratio of the trans structure derived from cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride in the polyimide resin was calculated as follows by measuring the 1 H-NMR spectrum of the polyimide resin. The 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured using an NMR spectrophotometer (ASCEnd TM 500, manufactured by BRUKER CORPORATION) and a deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide solution of the polyimide resin.
  • the ratio of the trans structure derived from cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride was calculated from the integral value of the peak derived from the cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid moiety shown below.
  • the tensile modulus, tensile strength, and tensile elongation at break were measured in accordance with JIS K7127:1999 using a tensile tester "Strograph VG-1E" manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd.
  • the chuck distance was 50 mm
  • the test piece size was 10 mm x 120 mm
  • the test speed (tensile speed) was 20 mm/min
  • the measurement temperature was 23°C.
  • the tensile modulus was calculated as the slope of the stress-strain curve obtained by the tensile test in the section from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm strain by the least squares method.
  • Example 2 the type and amount of diamine, tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and imidization catalyst were changed to the raw materials shown in Table 1.
  • the type of solvent was changed to the solvent shown in Table 1, and the amount of solvent at the start of the reaction was adjusted so that the concentration of the resulting polyimide resin was 30 mass%.
  • a polyimide varnish containing a polyimide resin was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the reaction temperature was changed to the temperature shown in Table 1.
  • the reaction temperature temperature at reflux
  • a polyimide film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The physical properties and evaluation results of the film are shown in Table 1.
  • the polyimide resin of the present invention has the above properties even though it does not contain a perfluoroalkyl structure or a polyfluoroalkyl structure. It is also found that the polyimide resin obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention contains 35 mol % or more of a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride. Therefore, it is found that the polyimide resin obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention has a high elastic modulus and high strength, as well as excellent elongation and colorless transparency.

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Abstract

This polyimide resin has a constituent unit A derived from tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride and a constituent unit B derived from a diamine, wherein the constituent unit A includes a constituent unit (A1) derived from a compound represented by formula (a1), the constituent unit (A1) includes 35 mol% or more of a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, the constituent unit B includes a constituent unit (B1) derived from a compound represented by formula (b1), and the polyimide resin does not include the structural element (c). In formula (c), X is a fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom, or a carbon atom.

Description

ポリイミド樹脂Polyimide Resin

 本発明はポリイミド樹脂に関する。 The present invention relates to polyimide resins.

 一般にポリイミド樹脂は、芳香族テトラカルボン酸無水物と芳香族ジアミンを重縮合して得られる。ポリイミド樹脂は、その構造から、分子の剛直性、共鳴安定化、強い化学結合を有する。そのため、ポリイミド樹脂は、優れた耐熱性、耐薬品性、機械物性、電気特性を有し、成形材料、複合材料、電気・電子部品、光学材料、ディスプレイ、航空宇宙等の分野において幅広く用いられている。
 近年は、光学材料や電子材料の中でも画像表示装置の材料として応用が進んでおり、無色透明性や、ポリイミド樹脂の溶剤溶解性などの特性が要求されてきている。しかし、従来のポリイミドは、ヘイズ値とイエローインデックス(YI:黄色度)が高いものが多いといった問題を有していた。この問題の解決策として、たとえば、特許文献1には、全ヘイズ値が4以下であり、イエローインデックスが3以下であり、全光線透過率が90%以上であるフッ素化ポリイミド層を含むことを特徴とするフィルムが提案されている。
Generally, polyimide resins are obtained by polycondensation of aromatic tetracarboxylic anhydrides and aromatic diamines. Due to their structure, polyimide resins have molecular rigidity, resonance stabilization, and strong chemical bonds. Therefore, polyimide resins have excellent heat resistance, chemical resistance, mechanical properties, and electrical properties, and are widely used in fields such as molding materials, composite materials, electrical and electronic parts, optical materials, displays, and aerospace.
In recent years, polyimides have been increasingly used as optical and electronic materials for image display devices, and properties such as colorless transparency and solvent solubility of polyimide resins are being required. However, conventional polyimides have a problem in that many of them have high haze values and yellow indexes (YI: yellowness). As a solution to this problem, for example, Patent Document 1 proposes a film that includes a fluorinated polyimide layer having a total haze value of 4 or less, a yellow index of 3 or less, and a total light transmittance of 90% or more.

特開2016-027146号公報JP 2016-027146 A

 フッ素化ポリイミドは、無色性や透明性を向上させ、溶解性を向上させることができるが、ペルフルオロアルキル化合物及びポリフルオロアルキル化合物(PFAS;perfluoroalkyl substances and polyfluoroalkyl substances)の群に属する化合物の一部は環境に対する負荷や健康に関する有害性への懸念から欧州のREACH(Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals)規則において制限物質となっており、今後もその規制は厳しくなることが予想される。こういった事情を背景に電子部品中にペルフルオロアルキル化合物及びポリフルオロアルキル化合物の使用が制限されることがある。
 単に無色透明性を向上させるだけであれば、脂肪族原料や脂環式原料等を用いることで無色性や透明性を向上させることもできる。しかし、非常に重要な性能である機械特性が低下してしまい、ポリイミド樹脂の無色透明性と機械特性の両立は困難であり、PFASに該当することなく、無色透明性と機械特性のいずれにも優れるポリイミド樹脂が求められていた。
 本発明はこのような状況に鑑みてなされたものであり、本発明の課題は、高弾性率と高強度を有しつつも伸びにも優れ、溶媒に可溶であり、無色透明性にも優れるポリイミド樹脂を提供することにある。特にペルフルオロアルキル構造やポリフルオロアルキル構造を含むことなく、前記性質を有するポリイミド樹脂を提供することを課題とする。
Fluorinated polyimide can improve colorlessness and transparency and improve solubility, but some compounds belonging to the group of perfluoroalkyl compounds and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFAS; perfluoroalkyl substances and polyfluoroalkyl substances) are restricted substances in the European REACH (Registration, Evaluation, Authorization and Restriction of Chemicals) regulations due to concerns about environmental burden and health hazards, and the regulations are expected to become stricter in the future. Against this background, the use of perfluoroalkyl compounds and polyfluoroalkyl compounds in electronic components may be restricted.
If it is only necessary to improve colorlessness and transparency, it is possible to improve colorlessness and transparency by using an aliphatic raw material, an alicyclic raw material, etc. However, this leads to a decrease in mechanical properties, which are very important performance properties, and it is difficult to achieve both colorlessness and mechanical properties in a polyimide resin. Therefore, there has been a demand for a polyimide resin that is excellent in both colorlessness and transparency and mechanical properties without falling under the category of PFAS.
The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a polyimide resin that has a high elastic modulus and high strength, is excellent in elongation, is soluble in a solvent, and is colorless and transparent. In particular, an object of the present invention is to provide a polyimide resin that has the above properties without containing a perfluoroalkyl structure or a polyfluoroalkyl structure.

 本発明者らは、特定の構成単位の組み合わせと特定構造を含むポリイミド樹脂が上記課題を解決できることを見出し、発明を完成させるに至った。 The inventors discovered that a polyimide resin containing a specific combination of structural units and a specific structure can solve the above problems, leading to the completion of the invention.

 すなわち、本発明は、下記の[1]~[17]に関する。
[1]テトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来する構成単位A及びジアミンに由来する構成単位Bを有するポリイミド樹脂であって、構成単位Aが下記式(a1)で表される化合物に由来する構成単位(A1)を含み、構成単位(A1)が(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来するトランス型構造を35モル%以上含み、構成単位Bが下記式(b1)で表される化合物に由来する構成単位(B1)を含み、下記構造要素(c)を含まない、ポリイミド樹脂。

Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000008

(式(c)中、Xはフッ素原子、水素原子又は炭素原子である。)
[2]構成単位Bが、更に下記式(b2)で表される化合物に由来する構成単位(B2)を含む、前記[1]に記載のポリイミド樹脂。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000009

(式(b2)中、Rはそれぞれ独立して水素原子又はメチル基であり、Yは芳香環を含む炭素数12~30の2価の基であり、nは0又は1である。)
[3]構成単位B中における構成単位(B2)の比率が1~60モル%である、前記[2]に記載のポリイミド樹脂。
[4]構成単位(A1)が(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来するトランス型構造を70~100モル%含む、前記[1]~[3]のいずれか1つに記載のポリイミド樹脂。
[5]構成単位B中における構成単位(B1)の比率が85~100モル%である、前記[1]~[4]のいずれか1つに記載のポリイミド樹脂。
[6]前記[1]~[5]のいずれか1つに記載のポリイミド樹脂が有機溶媒に溶解してなるポリイミドワニス。
[7]前記[1]~[5]のいずれか1つに記載のポリイミド樹脂を含む、ポリイミドフィルム。
[8]厚さ50μmとしたときの、YIが7.5以下であり、全光線透過率が80%以上であり、ヘイズが1.0%以下であり、23℃50%RHの環境下、試験片50μm×10mm×120mm、引張速度20mm/分、チャック間距離50mmの条件で行う引張試験による引張破壊点伸びが5%以上であり、前記引張試験によって得られる応力-ひずみ曲線においてひずみ0.1mmから0.5mmまでの区間の最小二乗法による傾きとして算出される引張弾性率が3.8GPa以上である、前記[7]に記載のポリイミドフィルム。
[9]下記式(a1)で表される化合物を含むテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、下記式(b1)で表される化合物を含むジアミンとを、塩基触媒及びラクトン系溶媒を含む有機溶媒存在下でイミド化する工程を有し、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物と前記ジアミンのいずれもが下記構造要素(c)を含まず、前記塩基触媒の量が前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物の量に対して30モル%以上であるか、又はラクトン系溶媒を含む有機溶媒がアミド系溶媒を含む、ポリイミド樹脂の製造方法。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000010

[10]下記式(a1)で表される化合物を含むテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、下記式(b1)で表される化合物を含むジアミンとを、塩基触媒存在下でイミド化する工程を有し、式(a1)で表される化合物が下記式(a11)で表される化合物を含む、ポリイミド樹脂の製造方法。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000011

[11]前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物及び前記ジアミンのいずれもが下記構造要素(c)を含まない、前記[10]に記載のポリイミド樹脂の製造方法。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000012

(式(c)中、Xはフッ素原子、水素原子又は炭素原子である。)
[12]前記塩基触媒がトリエチルアミン及びトリエチレンジアミンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、前記[9]~[11]のいずれか1つに記載のポリイミドワニスの製造方法。
[13]前記塩基触媒がトリエチルアミン及びトリエチレンジアミンの両方を含む、前記[9]~[12]のいずれか1つに記載のポリイミド樹脂の製造方法。
[14]前記ジアミンが、更に下記式(b2)で表される化合物を含む、前記[9]~[13]のいずれか1つに記載のポリイミド樹脂の製造方法。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000013

(式(b2)中、Rはそれぞれ独立して水素原子又はメチル基であり、Yは芳香環を含む炭素数12~30の2価の基であり、nは0又は1である。)
[15]前記ジアミン中における式(b2)で表される化合物の比率が1~60モル%である、前記[14]に記載のポリイミド樹脂の製造方法。
[16]前記ジアミン中における式(b1)で表される化合物の比率が85~100モル%である、前記[9]~[15]のいずれか1つに記載のポリイミド樹脂の製造方法。
[17]式(a1)で表される化合物が下記式(a11)で表される化合物を含み、式(a1)で表される化合物中における式(a11)で表される化合物の比率が50~100モル%である、前記[9]~[16]のいずれか1つに記載のポリイミド樹脂の製造方法。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000014
That is, the present invention relates to the following [1] to [17].
[1] A polyimide resin having a structural unit A derived from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a structural unit B derived from a diamine, wherein the structural unit A contains a structural unit (A1) derived from a compound represented by the following formula (a1), the structural unit (A1) contains 35 mol % or more of a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, the structural unit B contains a structural unit (B1) derived from a compound represented by the following formula (b1), and does not contain the following structural element (c):
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000008

(In formula (c), X is a fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom, or a carbon atom.)
[2] The polyimide resin according to the above [1], wherein the structural unit B further contains a structural unit (B2) derived from a compound represented by the following formula (b2):
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000009

(In formula (b2), each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Y is a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and n is 0 or 1.)
[3] The polyimide resin according to the above [2], wherein the ratio of the structural unit (B2) in the structural unit B is 1 to 60 mol %.
[4] The polyimide resin according to any one of [1] to [3] above, wherein the structural unit (A1) contains 70 to 100 mol % of a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride.
[5] The polyimide resin according to any one of the above [1] to [4], wherein the ratio of the structural unit (B1) in the structural unit B is 85 to 100 mol %.
[6] A polyimide varnish obtained by dissolving the polyimide resin according to any one of [1] to [5] above in an organic solvent.
[7] A polyimide film comprising the polyimide resin according to any one of [1] to [5] above.
[8] The polyimide film according to [7] above, having a thickness of 50 μm, a YI of 7.5 or less, a total light transmittance of 80% or more, a haze of 1.0% or less, a tensile elongation at break of 5% or more in a tensile test performed under conditions of 23° C. and 50% RH, a test piece of 50 μm × 10 mm × 120 mm, a tensile speed of 20 mm/min, and a chuck distance of 50 mm, and a tensile modulus of elasticity of 3.8 GPa or more calculated as a slope of the stress-strain curve obtained by the tensile test in the section from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm strain by the least squares method.
[9] A method for producing a polyimide resin, comprising: a step of imidizing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride containing a compound represented by the following formula (a1) and a diamine containing a compound represented by the following formula (b1) in the presence of a base catalyst and an organic solvent containing a lactone-based solvent, wherein neither the tetracarboxylic dianhydride nor the diamine contains the following structural element (c), and the amount of the base catalyst is 30 mol % or more relative to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, or the organic solvent containing the lactone-based solvent contains an amide-based solvent.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000010

[10] A method for producing a polyimide resin, comprising: a step of imidizing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride containing a compound represented by the following formula (a1) and a diamine containing a compound represented by the following formula (b1) in the presence of a base catalyst, wherein the compound represented by formula (a1) contains a compound represented by the following formula (a11):
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000011

[11] The method for producing a polyimide resin according to [10] above, wherein neither the tetracarboxylic dianhydride nor the diamine contains the following structural element (c):
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000012

(In formula (c), X is a fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom, or a carbon atom.)
[12] The method for producing a polyimide varnish according to any one of [9] to [11] above, wherein the base catalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of triethylamine and triethylenediamine.
[13] The method for producing a polyimide resin according to any one of [9] to [12] above, wherein the base catalyst contains both triethylamine and triethylenediamine.
[14] The method for producing a polyimide resin according to any one of [9] to [13] above, wherein the diamine further contains a compound represented by the following formula (b2):
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000013

(In formula (b2), each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Y is a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and n is 0 or 1.)
[15] The method for producing a polyimide resin according to [14] above, wherein the ratio of the compound represented by formula (b2) in the diamine is 1 to 60 mol %.
[16] The method for producing a polyimide resin according to any one of [9] to [15] above, wherein the ratio of the compound represented by formula (b1) in the diamine is 85 to 100 mol %.
[17] The method for producing a polyimide resin according to any one of the above [9] to [16], wherein the compound represented by formula (a1) contains a compound represented by the following formula (a11), and the ratio of the compound represented by formula (a1) in the compound represented by formula (a1) is 50 to 100 mol %.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000014

 本発明によれば、高弾性率と高強度を有しつつも伸びにも優れ、溶媒に可溶であり、無色透明性にも優れるポリイミド樹脂を提供する。特にペルフルオロアルキル構造やポリフルオロアルキル構造を含むことなく、前記性質を有するポリイミド樹脂を提供することができる。そのため、本発明のポリイミド樹脂は、光学材料や電子材料、とりわけディスプレイの材料として有用である。 The present invention provides a polyimide resin that has a high elastic modulus and high strength, yet also has excellent elongation, is soluble in solvents, and is colorless and transparent. In particular, it is possible to provide a polyimide resin that has the above properties without containing a perfluoroalkyl structure or a polyfluoroalkyl structure. Therefore, the polyimide resin of the present invention is useful as an optical material or electronic material, particularly as a display material.

[ポリイミド樹脂]
 本発明のポリイミド樹脂は、テトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来する構成単位A及びジアミンに由来する構成単位Bを有するポリイミド樹脂であって、構成単位Aが下記式(a1)で表される化合物に由来する構成単位(A1)を含み、構成単位(A1)が(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来するトランス型構造を35モル%以上含み、構成単位Bが下記式(b1)で表される化合物に由来する構成単位(B1)を含み、下記構造要素(c)を含まない、ポリイミド樹脂である。
 本発明のポリイミド樹脂は、無色透明性に優れ、高弾性率を有しつつも伸びにも優れ、溶媒に可溶である。

Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000015

(式(c)中、Xはフッ素原子、水素原子又は炭素原子である。) [Polyimide resin]
The polyimide resin of the present invention is a polyimide resin having a structural unit A derived from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a structural unit B derived from a diamine, wherein the structural unit A contains a structural unit (A1) derived from a compound represented by the following formula (a1), the structural unit (A1) contains 35 mol % or more of a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, and the structural unit B contains a structural unit (B1) derived from a compound represented by the following formula (b1), but does not contain the following structural element (c):
The polyimide resin of the present invention is colorless and has excellent transparency, has a high elastic modulus and excellent elongation, and is soluble in a solvent.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000015

(In formula (c), X is a fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom, or a carbon atom.)

 なお、本発明のポリイミド樹脂が、高弾性率と高強度を有しつつも伸びにも優れ、溶媒に可溶であり、無色透明性にも優れる理由は定かではないが、次のように考えられる。
 本発明のポリイミド樹脂は、脂環式構造であるシクロヘキサン構造を有することで、無色透明性に優れ、溶解性にも優れるものと考えられる。また、置換基を有するビフェニル構造という剛直な構造を有することから高弾性率かつ高強度となるものと考えられる。更に(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来するトランス型構造はパッキングが良好と考えられ、これの構造を一定量以上含むことで、前記性能を維持しつつ、高弾性率かつ高強度となるものと考えられ更に、パッキング良好になることでポリマー鎖の滑りぬけによる破断が抑えられ、伸びが向上するものと考えられる。以上のことから、本発明のポリイミド樹脂は、高弾性率と高強度を有しつつも伸びにも優れ、溶媒に可溶であり、無色透明性にも優れると考えられる。
The reason why the polyimide resin of the present invention has a high elastic modulus and high strength, yet is excellent in elongation, is soluble in a solvent, and is colorless and transparent is not clear, but is thought to be as follows.
The polyimide resin of the present invention is considered to have excellent colorless transparency and solubility due to the inclusion of a cyclohexane structure, which is an alicyclic structure. In addition, it is considered to have a high elastic modulus and high strength due to the inclusion of a rigid structure, namely a biphenyl structure having a substituent. Furthermore, the trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride is considered to have good packing, and it is considered that by including a certain amount or more of this structure, it is possible to achieve a high elastic modulus and high strength while maintaining the above-mentioned performance, and further, it is considered that the good packing suppresses breakage due to slippage of polymer chains and improves elongation. From the above, it is considered that the polyimide resin of the present invention has a high elastic modulus and high strength, is excellent in elongation, is soluble in a solvent, and is colorless and transparent.

<構成単位A>
 構成単位Aは、ポリイミド樹脂に占めるテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来する構成単位である。
 構成単位Aは、下記式(a1)で表される化合物に由来する構成単位(A1)を含み、構成単位(A1)が(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来するトランス型構造を35モル%以上含む。また、下記構造要素(c)を含まない。

Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000016

(式(c)中、Xはフッ素原子、水素原子又は炭素原子である。)
 構成単位Aが構成単位(A1)、特にトランス型構造を一定量以上含むことによって、構造要素(c)で示されるペルフルオロアルキル構造やポリフルオロアルキル構造を含むことなく、ポリイミド樹脂の弾性率と強度を高め、伸びも良好にし、無色透明性を向上させ、溶媒可溶性も向上することができる。 <Structural Unit A>
The structural unit A is a structural unit derived from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride contained in a polyimide resin.
The structural unit A contains a structural unit (A1) derived from a compound represented by the following formula (a1), and the structural unit (A1) contains 35 mol % or more of a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride and does not contain the following structural element (c).
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000016

(In formula (c), X is a fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom, or a carbon atom.)
When the structural unit A contains at least a certain amount of the structural unit (A1), particularly the trans structure, it is possible to increase the elastic modulus and strength of the polyimide resin, improve elongation, improve colorless transparency, and improve solvent solubility without containing the perfluoroalkyl structure or polyfluoroalkyl structure represented by the structural element (c).

 式(a1)で表される化合物は、1,2,4,5-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物(HPMDA)である。
 構成単位Aが構成単位(A1)を含むことによって、ポリイミド樹脂の透明性を向上させつつ、伸びも向上させることができる。また、溶媒溶解性も向上させることができる。
The compound represented by formula (a1) is 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (HPMDA).
By including the structural unit (A1) in the structural unit A, the transparency of the polyimide resin can be improved, and the elongation can also be improved. In addition, the solvent solubility can also be improved.

 構成単位A中における構成単位(A1)の比率は、好ましくは35モル%以上であり、より好ましくは50モル%以上であり、更に好ましくは70モル%以上であり、より更に好ましくは80モル%以上であり、より更に好ましくは85モル%以上であり、より更に好ましくは90モル%以上であり、上限は100モル%以下である。構成単位Aは構成単位(A1)のみからなっていてもよい。 The ratio of the structural unit (A1) in the structural unit A is preferably 35 mol% or more, more preferably 50 mol% or more, even more preferably 70 mol% or more, even more preferably 80 mol% or more, even more preferably 85 mol% or more, even more preferably 90 mol% or more, with the upper limit being 100 mol% or less. The structural unit A may consist of only the structural unit (A1).

 構成単位(A1)は、(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来するトランス型構造を含む。
 (1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来するトランス型構造とは、ポリイミド樹脂の骨格中で下記式(1)の構造をいう。なお、下記式(2)の構造はシス型構造であり、前記トランス型構造に含まれない。
 なお、式(1)の構造を得るための原料は、(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物が好ましいが、(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に限られず、シス型構造を有する(1S,2R,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物等の(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物以外の原料であってもよい。つまり、式(1)の構造が、(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来するトランス型構造である。

Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000017

 構成単位(A1)に含まれる(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来するトランス型構造の比率は、構成単位(A1)中、35モル%以上である。構成単位(A1)に含まれる(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来するトランス型構造の比率は、構成単位(A1)中、好ましくは35~100モル%であり、より好ましくは40~100モル%であり、更に好ましくは50~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは55~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは60~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは70~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは75~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは80~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは85~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは90~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは95~100モル%であり、構成単位(A1)は(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来するトランス型構造のみからなっていてもよく、構成単位(A1)は(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来するトランス型構造のみからなっていることがより更に好ましい。構成単位(A1)が、トランス型構造を含むことによって、得られるポリイミド樹脂の透明性を向上させ、弾性率を高めることができる。
 すなわち、構成単位(A1)に含まれる式(1)の構造の比率は、構成単位(A1)中、35モル%以上である。構成単位(A1)に含まれる式(1)の構造の比率は、構成単位(A1)中、好ましくは35~100モル%であり、より好ましくは40~100モル%であり、更に好ましくは50~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは55~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは60~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは70~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは75~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは80~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは85~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは90~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは95~100モル%であり、構成単位(A1)は式(1)の構造のみからなっていてもよく、構成単位(A1)は式(1)の構造のみからなっていることがより更に好ましい。構成単位(A1)が、トランス型構造を含むことによって、得られるポリイミド樹脂の透明性を向上させ、弾性率を高めることができる。 The structural unit (A1) contains a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride.
The trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride refers to a structure of the following formula (1) in the skeleton of a polyimide resin. Note that the structure of the following formula (2) is a cis structure and is not included in the trans structure.
The raw material for obtaining the structure of formula (1) is preferably (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, but is not limited to (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, and may be a raw material other than (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, such as (1S,2R,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride having a cis structure. In other words, the structure of formula (1) is a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000017

The ratio of the trans structure derived from the (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride contained in the structural unit (A1) is 35 mol% or more in the structural unit (A1). The ratio of the trans structure derived from the (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride contained in the structural unit (A1) is preferably 35 to 100 mol%, more preferably 40 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 50 to 100 mol%, still more preferably 55 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 60 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 70 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 75 to 100 mol%, and still more preferably It is preferably 80 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 85 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 90 to 100 mol%, and even more preferably 95 to 100 mol%, and the structural unit (A1) may consist only of a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, and it is even more preferable that the structural unit (A1) consists only of a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride. By including a trans structure in the structural unit (A1), the transparency of the obtained polyimide resin can be improved and the elastic modulus can be increased.
That is, the ratio of the structure of formula (1) contained in the structural unit (A1) is 35 mol% or more in the structural unit (A1). The ratio of the structure of formula (1) contained in the structural unit (A1) is preferably 35 to 100 mol%, more preferably 40 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 50 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 55 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 60 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 70 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 75 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 80 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 85 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 90 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 95 to 100 mol%, and the structural unit (A1) may be composed only of the structure of formula (1), and it is even more preferable that the structural unit (A1) is composed only of the structure of formula (1). When the structural unit (A1) contains a trans structure, the transparency of the resulting polyimide resin can be improved and the elastic modulus can be increased.

 構成単位Aは、構成単位(A1)のみからなっていてもよく、構成単位(A1)以外の構成単位を含んでもよいが、好ましくは、構成単位(A1)以外の構成単位として、さらに下記式(a2)で表される化合物に由来する構成単位(A2)を含む。

Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000018
The structural unit A may be composed only of the structural unit (A1), or may include a structural unit other than the structural unit (A1). Preferably, however, the structural unit A further includes, as a structural unit other than the structural unit (A1), a structural unit (A2) derived from a compound represented by the following formula (a2):
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000018

 式(a2)で表される化合物は、1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物(CBDA)である。
 構成単位Aが構成単位(A2)を含むことによって、特にポリイミド樹脂の弾性率を高めることができる。
The compound represented by formula (a2) is 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA).
When the structural unit A contains the structural unit (A2), the elastic modulus of the polyimide resin can be particularly increased.

 構成単位A中における構成単位(A2)の比率は、好ましくは0~27モル%であり、より好ましくは0.5~27モル%であり、更に好ましくは1~27モル%であり、より更に好ましくは3~27モル%であり、より更に好ましくは5~27モル%であり、より更に好ましくは10~27モル%であり、より更に好ましくは10~25モル%であり、より更に好ましくは15~25モル%であり、より更に好ましくは15~23モル%であり、より更に好ましくは15~22モル%である。 The ratio of structural unit (A2) in structural unit A is preferably 0 to 27 mol%, more preferably 0.5 to 27 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 27 mol%, even more preferably 3 to 27 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 27 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 27 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 25 mol%, even more preferably 15 to 25 mol%, even more preferably 15 to 23 mol%, and even more preferably 15 to 22 mol%.

 構成単位A中における構成単位(A1)の比率は、好ましくは73~100モル%であり、構成単位Aが構成単位(A2)を含む場合の構成単位A中における構成単位(A1)の比率は、好ましくは99.5モル%以下であり、より好ましくは73~99.5モル%であり、更に好ましくは73~99モル%であり、より更に好ましくは73~97モル%であり、より更に好ましくは73~95モル%であり、より更に好ましくは73~90モル%であり、より更に好ましくは75~90モル%であり、より更に好ましくは75~85モル%であり、より更に好ましくは77~85モル%であり、より更に好ましくは78~85モル%である。構成単位A中における構成単位(A2)の比率を上記範囲とすることによって、得られるポリイミド樹脂の透明性を向上させつつ、高い弾性率と優れた伸びを両立させることができる。 The ratio of the structural unit (A1) in the structural unit A is preferably 73 to 100 mol%, and when the structural unit A contains the structural unit (A2), the ratio of the structural unit (A1) in the structural unit A is preferably 99.5 mol% or less, more preferably 73 to 99.5 mol%, even more preferably 73 to 99 mol%, even more preferably 73 to 97 mol%, even more preferably 73 to 95 mol%, even more preferably 73 to 90 mol%, even more preferably 75 to 90 mol%, even more preferably 75 to 85 mol%, even more preferably 77 to 85 mol%, and even more preferably 78 to 85 mol%. By setting the ratio of the structural unit (A2) in the structural unit A to the above range, it is possible to improve the transparency of the obtained polyimide resin while achieving both a high elastic modulus and excellent elongation.

 構成単位A中における構成単位(A2)に対する構成単位(A1)のモル比[(A1)/(A2)]は、好ましくは73/27~99.5/0.5であり、より好ましくは73/27~99/1であり、更に好ましくは73/27~97/3であり、より更に好ましくは73/27~95/5であり、より更に好ましくは73/27~90/10であり、より更に好ましくは75/25~90/10であり、より更に好ましくは75/25~85/15であり、より更に好ましくは77/23~85/15であり、より更に好ましくは78/22~85/15である。前記モル比とすることで、得られるポリイミド樹脂の透明性を向上させつつ、高い弾性率と優れた伸びを両立させることができる。 The molar ratio of the structural unit (A1) to the structural unit (A2) in the structural unit A [(A1)/(A2)] is preferably 73/27 to 99.5/0.5, more preferably 73/27 to 99/1, even more preferably 73/27 to 97/3, even more preferably 73/27 to 95/5, even more preferably 73/27 to 90/10, even more preferably 75/25 to 90/10, even more preferably 75/25 to 85/15, even more preferably 77/23 to 85/15, and even more preferably 78/22 to 85/15. By setting the molar ratio as described above, it is possible to improve the transparency of the resulting polyimide resin while simultaneously achieving both a high elastic modulus and excellent elongation.

 構成単位A中における構成単位(A1)及び構成単位(A2)の合計の比率は、好ましくは50モル%以上であり、より好ましくは70モル%以上であり、更に好ましくは90モル%以上であり、また、好ましくは100モル%以下である。構成単位Aは構成単位(A1)と構成単位(A2)とのみからなっていてもよく、構成単位Aは構成単位(A1)と構成単位(A2)とのみからなることがより更に好ましい。構成単位A中における構成単位(A1)及び構成単位(A2)の合計の比率は、100モル%であってもよく、100モル%であることがより更に好ましい。 The total ratio of the structural units (A1) and (A2) in the structural unit A is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 70 mol% or more, even more preferably 90 mol% or more, and preferably 100 mol% or less. The structural unit A may consist only of the structural units (A1) and (A2), and it is even more preferable that the structural unit A consists only of the structural units (A1) and (A2). The total ratio of the structural units (A1) and (A2) in the structural unit A may be 100 mol%, and it is even more preferable that it is 100 mol%.

 構成単位Aは、構成単位(A1)及び構成単位(A2)以外の構成単位を含んでもよい。そのような構成単位を与えるテトラカルボン酸二無水物としては、特に限定されないが、前記化合物を除く芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物、脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物、及び脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物が挙げられる。 The structural unit A may contain structural units other than the structural unit (A1) and the structural unit (A2). The tetracarboxylic dianhydride that gives such a structural unit is not particularly limited, but may include aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides other than the above compounds, alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, and aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides.

 前記化合物を除く芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物としては、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸無水物(ODPA)、3,3’,4,4’-ジフェニルスルホンテトラカルボン酸二無水物(DSDA)、3,3’,4,4’-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物(BTDA)、ヒドロキノンジフタル酸無水物(HQDEA)、エチレングリコールビス(トリメリテート)二無水物(TMEG)、2,2’,3,3’,5,5’-ヘキサメチル[1,1’-ビフェニル]-4,4’-ジイル=ビス(1,3-ジオキソ-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-ベンゾフラン-5-カルボキシラート)(TMPBP-TME)、2,2-ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)-プロパン二無水物が挙げられる。 Aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides other than the above compounds include 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA), 3,3',4,4'-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (DSDA), 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), hydroquinone diphthalic anhydride (HQDEA), ethylene glycol bis(trimellitate) dianhydride (TMEG), 2,2',3,3',5,5'-hexamethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl=bis(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carboxylate) (TMPBP-TME), and 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-propane dianhydride.

 脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物としては、シクロヘキサン-1,2,3,4-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,2,3,4-シクロペンタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,2,4,5-シクロペンタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ビシクロヘキシルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,2,3,4-テトラメチル-1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、デカヒドロ-1,4:5,8-ジメタノナフタレン-2,3,6,7-テトラカルボン酸二無水物(DNDA)、5,5'-(1,4-phenylene)-bis[hexahydro-4,7-Methanoisobenzofuran-1,3-dione]、5,5’-ビス-2-ノルボルネン-5,5’,6,6’-テトラカルボン酸-5,5’,6,6’-二無水物、ノルボルナン-2-スピロ-α-シクロペンタノン-α’-スピロ-2’’-ノルボルナン-5,5’,6,6’-テトラカルボン酸無水物(CpODA)、2,2-プロピリデン-4,4’-ビス(シクロヘキサン-1,2-ジカルボン酸)二無水物、オキシ-4,4’-ビス(シクロヘキサン-1,2-ジカルボン酸)二無水物、ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクト-7-エン-2,3,5,6-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン-2,3:5,6-テトラカルボン酸二無水物(BODA)、ビシクロ[4.4.0]デカン-2,3,6,7-テトラカルボン酸二無水物等が挙げられる。
 脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物としては、1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物等が挙げられる。
 なお、本明細書において、芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物とは芳香環を1つ以上含むテトラカルボン酸二無水物を意味し、脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物とは脂環を1つ以上含み、かつ芳香環を含まないテトラカルボン酸二無水物を意味し、脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物とは芳香環も脂環も含まないテトラカルボン酸二無水物を意味する。
 構成単位Aに任意に含まれる構成単位は、1種でもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。
Examples of alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include cyclohexane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-cyclopentane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-bicyclohexyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, decahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene-2,3,6,7-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (DNDA), 5,5'-(1,4-phenylene)-bis[hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran-1,3-dione], 5,5'-bis-2-norborane, and the like. ene-5,5',6,6'-tetracarboxylic acid-5,5',6,6'-dianhydride, norbornane-2-spiro-α-cyclopentanone-α'-spiro-2''-norbornane-5,5',6,6'-tetracarboxylic acid anhydride (CpODA), 2,2-propylidene-4,4'-bis(cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid) dianhydride, oxy-4,4'-bis(cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid) dianhydride, bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3:5,6-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BODA), bicyclo[4.4.0]decane-2,3,6,7-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, and the like.
Examples of the aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride include 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride.
In this specification, the term "aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride" refers to a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride containing one or more aromatic rings, the term "alicyclic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride" refers to a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride containing one or more alicyclic rings but no aromatic rings, and the term "aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride" refers to a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride containing neither an aromatic ring nor an alicyclic ring.
The structural unit optionally contained in the structural unit A may be of one type, or of two or more types.

<構成単位B>
 構成単位Bは、ポリイミド樹脂に占めるジアミンに由来する構成単位である。
 構成単位Bは、下記式(b1)で表される化合物に由来する構成単位(B1)を含む。また、下記構造要素(c)を含まない。

Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000019

(式(c)中、Xはフッ素原子、水素原子又は炭素原子である。) <Structural Unit B>
The structural unit B is a structural unit derived from a diamine contained in the polyimide resin.
The structural unit B contains a structural unit (B1) derived from a compound represented by the following formula (b1): In addition, it does not contain the following structural element (c).
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000019

(In formula (c), X is a fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom, or a carbon atom.)

 構成単位Bが構成単位(B1)を含むことによって、構造要素(c)で示されるペルフルオロアルキル構造やポリフルオロアルキル構造を含むことなく、ポリイミド樹脂の無色透明性や溶媒可溶性を維持しつつ、弾性率を高めることができる。
 式(b1)で表される化合物は、2,2’-ジメチルベンジジン(mTB)である。
When the structural unit B contains the structural unit (B1), the elastic modulus can be increased while maintaining the colorless transparency and solvent solubility of the polyimide resin without containing the perfluoroalkyl structure or polyfluoroalkyl structure represented by the structural element (c).
The compound represented by formula (b1) is 2,2'-dimethylbenzidine (mTB).

 構成単位B中における構成単位(B1)の比率は、好ましくは40~100モル%であり、より好ましくは50~100モル%であり、更に好ましくは70~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは80~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは85~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは85~95モル%である。構成単位B中における構成単位(B1)の比率は、100モル%であってもよく、構成単位Bは構成単位(B1)のみからなっていてもよい。 The ratio of the structural unit (B1) in the structural unit B is preferably 40 to 100 mol%, more preferably 50 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 70 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 80 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 85 to 100 mol%, and even more preferably 85 to 95 mol%. The ratio of the structural unit (B1) in the structural unit B may be 100 mol%, and the structural unit B may consist only of the structural unit (B1).

 構成単位Bは、構成単位(B1)のみからなっていてもよく、構成単位(B1)以外の構成単位を含んでもよいが、好ましくは、構成単位(B1)以外の構成単位として、さらに下記式(b2)で表される化合物に由来する構成単位(B2)を含む。

Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000020

(式(b2)中、Rはそれぞれ独立して水素原子又はメチル基であり、Yは芳香環を含む炭素数12~30の2価の基であり、nは0又は1である。) The structural unit B may consist only of the structural unit (B1), or may include a structural unit other than the structural unit (B1). Preferably, however, the structural unit B further includes, as a structural unit other than the structural unit (B1), a structural unit (B2) derived from a compound represented by the following formula (b2):
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000020

(In formula (b2), each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Y is a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and n is 0 or 1.)

 式(b2)において、Rはそれぞれ独立して水素原子又はメチル基であり、Yは芳香環を含む炭素数12~30の2価の基であり、nは0又は1である。
 Rはそれぞれ独立して水素原子又はメチル基であるが、好ましくは水素原子であり、より好ましくは2つのRがいずれも水素原子である。
 nは0又は1であり、好ましくは1である。
 式(b2)において、2つのRがいずれも水素原子であり、nが0の場合、式(b2)で表される化合物は、4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリド(DABA)である。
 構成単位Bが構成単位(B2)のうち、4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリド(DABA)由来の構成単位を含むことによって、ポリイミド樹脂の高い弾性率を維持しつつ、無色透明性と伸びを向上することができる。
In formula (b2), each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Y is a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and n is 0 or 1.
Each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom, and more preferably both of the two R's are hydrogen atoms.
n is 0 or 1, preferably 1.
In formula (b2), when both of R are hydrogen atoms and n is 0, the compound represented by formula (b2) is 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide (DABA).
By including in the structural unit B a structural unit derived from 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide (DABA) among the structural units (B2), it is possible to improve the colorless transparency and elongation while maintaining the high elastic modulus of the polyimide resin.

 式(b2)において、nが1の場合、式(b2)で表される化合物は、炭素数12~30の2価の基であるYを含む。
 Yは芳香環を含む炭素数12~30の2価の基であり、好ましくは芳香環を含む炭素数12~26の2価の基である。
 式(b2)で表される化合物のうち、nが1の場合の好ましい化合物として、下記式(b21)で表される化合物、下記式(b22)で表される化合物、下記式(b23)で表される化合物、及び下記式(b24)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
 式(b2)で表される化合物としては、好ましくは、下記式(b21)で表される化合物、下記式(b22)で表される化合物、下記式(b23)で表される化合物、及び下記式(b24)で表される化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、より好ましくは、下記式(b21)で表される化合物、下記式(b22)で表される化合物、及び下記式(b23)で表される化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、更に好ましくは、下記式(b21)で表される化合物、及び下記式(b23)で表される化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、より更に好ましくは、下記式(b21)で表される化合物である。

Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000021
In formula (b2), when n is 1, the compound represented by formula (b2) contains Y which is a divalent group having 12 to 30 carbon atoms.
Y is a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and is preferably a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 26 carbon atoms.
Among the compounds represented by formula (b2), preferred compounds when n is 1 include compounds represented by the following formula (b21), compounds represented by the following formula (b22), compounds represented by the following formula (b23), and compounds represented by the following formula (b24).
The compound represented by formula (b2) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (b21), a compound represented by the following formula (b22), a compound represented by the following formula (b23), and a compound represented by the following formula (b24), more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (b21), a compound represented by the following formula (b22), and a compound represented by the following formula (b23), even more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (b21) and a compound represented by the following formula (b23), and still more preferably a compound represented by formula (b21).
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000021

 式(b21)で表される化合物は、N,N’-(2,2’-ジメチル[1,1’-ビフェニル]-4,4’-ジイル)ビス[4-アミノ-3-メチルベンズアミド](AMB-mTOL)である。
 構成単位Bが構成単位(B2)のうち、式(b21)で表される化合物由来の構成単位を含むことによって、ポリイミド樹脂の高い弾性率を維持しつつ、無色透明性と伸びを向上することができる。
 式(b22)で表される化合物は、N,N’-[(オクタヒドロ-1,3,5,7-テトラオキソベンゾ[1,2-c:4,5-c’]ジピロール-2,6(1H,3H)-ジイル)ビス(3-メトキシ-4,1-フェニレン)]ビス[4-アミノ-ベンズアミド](AB-MP-HPMDI)である。
 構成単位Bが構成単位(B2)のうち、式(b22)で表される化合物由来の構成単位を含むことによって、ポリイミド樹脂の高い弾性率を維持しつつ、無色透明性と伸びを向上することができる。
 式(b23)で表される化合物は、N,N’-(2,2’-ジメチル[1,1’-ビフェニル]-4,4’-ジイル)ビス[4-アミノ-ベンズアミド] (AB-mTOL)である。
 構成単位Bが構成単位(B2)のうち、式(b23)で表される化合物由来の構成単位を含むことによって、ポリイミド樹脂の高い弾性率を維持しつつ、無色透明性と伸びを向上することができる。
 式(b24)で表される化合物は、N,N’-(オキシジ-4,1-フェニレン)ビス[4-アミノ-ベンスアミド](AB-44ODA)である。
 構成単位Bが構成単位(B2)のうち、式(b24)で表される化合物由来の構成単位を含むことによって、ポリイミド樹脂の高い弾性率を維持しつつ、無色透明性と伸びを向上することができる。
 以上のように、構成単位Bが構成単位(B2)を含むことによって、ポリイミド樹脂の高い弾性率を維持しつつ、無色透明性と伸びを向上することができる。
The compound represented by formula (b21) is N,N'-(2,2'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[4-amino-3-methylbenzamide] (AMB-mTOL).
When the structural unit B contains a structural unit derived from the compound represented by formula (b21), which is one of the structural units (B2), it is possible to improve the colorless transparency and elongation while maintaining the high elastic modulus of the polyimide resin.
The compound represented by formula (b22) is N,N'-[(octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetraoxobenzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dipyrrole-2,6(1H,3H)-diyl)bis(3-methoxy-4,1-phenylene)]bis[4-amino-benzamide] (AB-MP-HPMDI).
When the structural unit B contains a structural unit derived from the compound represented by formula (b22), which is one of the structural units (B2), it is possible to improve the colorless transparency and elongation while maintaining a high elastic modulus of the polyimide resin.
The compound represented by formula (b23) is N,N'-(2,2'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[4-amino-benzamide] (AB-mTOL).
When the structural unit B contains a structural unit derived from the compound represented by formula (b23), which is one of the structural units (B2), it is possible to improve the colorless transparency and elongation while maintaining a high elastic modulus of the polyimide resin.
The compound represented by formula (b24) is N,N'-(oxydi-4,1-phenylene)bis[4-amino-benzamide] (AB-44ODA).
When the structural unit B contains a structural unit derived from the compound represented by formula (b24), which is one of the structural units (B2), it is possible to improve the colorless transparency and elongation while maintaining a high elastic modulus of the polyimide resin.
As described above, by including the structural unit (B2) in the structural unit B, it is possible to improve the colorless transparency and elongation while maintaining a high elastic modulus of the polyimide resin.

 構成単位B中における構成単位(B2)の比率は、好ましくは1~60モル%であり、より好ましくは1~50モル%であり、更に好ましくは1~40モル%であり、より更に好ましくは1~30モル%であり、より更に好ましくは3~25モル%であり、より更に好ましくは3~20モル%であり、より更に好ましくは5~20モル%であり、より更に好ましくは5~15モル%である。
 構成単位B中における構成単位(B2)の比率を上記範囲とすることによって、得られるポリイミド樹脂の高い弾性率を維持しつつ、無色透明性と伸びを向上することができる。
The proportion of the structural unit (B2) in the structural unit B is preferably 1 to 60 mol%, more preferably 1 to 50 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 40 mol%, still more preferably 1 to 30 mol%, even more preferably 3 to 25 mol%, even more preferably 3 to 20 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 20 mol%, and even more preferably 5 to 15 mol%.
By setting the ratio of the structural unit (B2) in the structural unit B within the above range, it is possible to improve the colorless transparency and elongation of the obtained polyimide resin while maintaining a high elastic modulus.

 構成単位B中における、構成単位(B2)に対する構成単位(B1)のモル比[(B1)/(B2)]は、好ましくは40/60~99/1であり、より好ましくは50/50~99/1であり、更に好ましくは60/40~99/1であり、より更に好ましくは70/30~99/1であり、より更に好ましくは75/25~97/3であり、より更に好ましくは80/20~97/3であり、より更に好ましくは80/20~95/5であり、より更に好ましくは85/15~95/5である。構成単位B中における構成単位(B2)に対する構成単位(B1)のモル比を上記範囲とすることによって、得られるポリイミド樹脂の高い弾性率を維持しつつ、無色透明性と伸びを向上することができる。 The molar ratio of the structural unit (B1) to the structural unit (B2) in the structural unit B [(B1)/(B2)] is preferably 40/60 to 99/1, more preferably 50/50 to 99/1, even more preferably 60/40 to 99/1, even more preferably 70/30 to 99/1, even more preferably 75/25 to 97/3, even more preferably 80/20 to 97/3, even more preferably 80/20 to 95/5, and even more preferably 85/15 to 95/5. By setting the molar ratio of the structural unit (B1) to the structural unit (B2) in the structural unit B in the above range, the colorless transparency and elongation of the resulting polyimide resin can be improved while maintaining a high elastic modulus.

 構成単位B中における構成単位(B1)及び構成単位(B2)の比率の合計は、好ましくは70モル%以上であり、より好ましくは80モル%以上であり、更に好ましくは90モル%以上であり、また、好ましくは100モル%以下である。構成単位Bに含まれる構成単位は、構成単位(B1)及び構成単位(B2)のみであってもよい。 The total ratio of the structural unit (B1) and the structural unit (B2) in the structural unit B is preferably 70 mol% or more, more preferably 80 mol% or more, even more preferably 90 mol% or more, and preferably 100 mol% or less. The structural units contained in the structural unit B may be only the structural unit (B1) and the structural unit (B2).

 構成単位Bは、構成単位(B1)及び構成単位(B2)以外の構成単位を含んでもよい。そのような構成単位を与えるジアミンとしては、特に限定されないが、式(b1)で表される化合物を除き、式(b2)で表される化合物を除く芳香族ジアミン、脂環式ジアミン、及び脂肪族ジアミンが挙げられる。 The structural unit B may contain structural units other than the structural unit (B1) and the structural unit (B2). Diamines that provide such structural units are not particularly limited, but include aromatic diamines, alicyclic diamines, and aliphatic diamines, excluding the compound represented by formula (b1) and excluding the compound represented by formula (b2).

 前記化合物以外の芳香族ジアミンとしては、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン(4,4’-DDS)、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン(3,3’-DDS)、オクタフルオロベンジジン(8FBZ)、2,3,5,6-テトラフルオロベンゼン-1,4-ジアミン、2,4,5,6-テトラフルオロベンゼン-1,3-ジアミン、ビス(4-アミノフェニル)テレフタレート(APTP)、1,4-ビス(4-アミノベンゾイルオキシ)ベンゼン、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル(4,4’-ODA)、3,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン(DDM)、9,9-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)フルオレン(BAFL)、4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル(ベンジジン)、4,4’-ジアミノ-3,3’-ジメチルビフェニル、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルフィド、4,4’-ジアミノベンゾフェノン、2,2-ビス(3-アミノフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)プロパン、5-アミノ-1,3,3-トリメチル-1-(4-アミノフェニル)-インダン(5-TMDM)、6-アミノ-1,3,3-トリメチル-1-(4-アミノフェニル)-インダン(6-TMDM)、1,3-ビス(3-アミノ-α,α-ジメチルベンジル)ベンゼン、1,3-ビス(4-アミノ-α,α-ジメチルベンジル)ベンゼン(BisAM)、1,4-ビス(4-アミノ-α,α-ジメチルベンジル)ベンゼン(BisAP)、4,4’-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)ビフェニル、4,4’-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ビフェニル(BODA)、1,1-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]シクロヘキサン、2,2-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]プロパン(BAPP)、1,4-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、1,4-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、1,3-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、ビス[4-(3-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]ケトン、ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]ケトン、ビス[4-(3-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]スルフィド、ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]スルフィド、ビス[4-(3-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]エーテル、ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]エーテル、ビス[4-(3-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]スルホン、ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]スルホン、4,4-ジアミノベンズアニリド、4-アミノ安息香酸-4-アミノフェニル、3,4-ジアミノベンズアニリド等が挙げられる。 Aromatic diamines other than the above compounds include 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (4,4'-DDS), 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (3,3'-DDS), octafluorobenzidine (8FBZ), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene-1,4-diamine, 2,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene-1,3-diamine, bis(4-aminophenyl)terephthalate (APTP), 1,4-bis(4-aminobenzoyloxy)benzene, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (4,4'-ODA), 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), 9, 9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene (BAFL), 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl (benzidine), 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 4,4'-diaminobenzophenone, 2,2-bis(3-aminophenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)propane, 5-amino-1,3,3-trimethyl-1-(4-aminophenyl)-indan (5-TMDM), 6-amino-1,3,3-trimethyl-1-(4-aminophenyl)-indan (6-TMDM), 1,3-bis(3-amino-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)benzene, 1,3-bis (4-amino-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)benzene (BisAM), 1,4-bis(4-amino-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)benzene (BisAP), 4,4'-bis(3-aminophenoxy)biphenyl, 4,4'-bis(4-aminophenoxy)biphenyl (BODA), 1,1-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]cyclohexane, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane (BAPP), 1,4-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy) C) Benzene, bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]ketone, bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]ketone, bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfide, bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfide, bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]ether, bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]ether, bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone, bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone, 4,4-diaminobenzanilide, 4-aminobenzoic acid-4-aminophenyl, 3,4-diaminobenzanilide, etc.

 脂環式ジアミンとしては、1,3-ビス(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン(1,3-BAC)、1,4-ビス(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,3-シクロヘキシルジアミン、1,4-シクロヘキシルジアミン、イソホロンジアミン、ビス(アミノメチル)ノルボルナン、4,4’-ジアミノジシクロヘキシルメタン、4,4’-ジアミノジシクロヘキシルエーテル、2,2-ビス(4-アミノシクロヘキシル)プロパン等が挙げられる。
 脂肪族ジアミンとしては、エチレンジアミン及びヘキサメチレンジアミン等が挙げられる。
 なお、本明細書において、芳香族ジアミンとは芳香環を1つ以上含むジアミンを意味し、脂環式ジアミンとは脂環を1つ以上含み、かつ芳香環を含まないジアミンを意味し、脂肪族ジアミンとは芳香環も脂環も含まないジアミンを意味する。
 構成単位Bに任意に含まれる構成単位は、1種でもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。
Examples of the alicyclic diamine include 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane (1,3-BAC), 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,3-cyclohexyldiamine, 1,4-cyclohexyldiamine, isophoronediamine, bis(aminomethyl)norbornane, 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexyl ether, and 2,2-bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)propane.
Aliphatic diamines include ethylenediamine and hexamethylenediamine.
In this specification, an aromatic diamine means a diamine containing one or more aromatic rings, an alicyclic diamine means a diamine containing one or more alicyclic rings but no aromatic rings, and an aliphatic diamine means a diamine containing neither an aromatic ring nor an alicyclic ring.
The structural unit optionally contained in the structural unit B may be of one type, or of two or more types.

<ポリイミド樹脂の構造・特性>
 本発明のポリイミド樹脂は、下記構造要素(c)を含まない。

Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000022

(式(c)中、Xはフッ素原子、水素原子又は炭素原子である。) <Structure and properties of polyimide resin>
The polyimide resin of the present invention does not contain the following structural element (c).
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000022

(In formula (c), X is a fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom, or a carbon atom.)

 本発明における構造要素(c)を以下に詳細に説明する。なお、本発明のポリイミド樹脂、その製造方法、ポリイミドワニス、ポリイミドフィルムにおける構造要素(c)はいずれも同じ意味である。
 式(c)におけるX以外のCF基に結合する炭素原子は、2級炭素、3級炭素又は4級炭素であり、芳香環を構成する炭素原子であってもよく、水素原子及び炭素原子以外の原子で置換されていてもよい。水素原子及び炭素原子以外の原子としては、ハロゲン、窒素原子、酸素原子等が挙げられる。
 Xが炭素原子である場合、Xである炭素原子は、1級炭素、2級炭素、3級炭素又は4級炭素であり、芳香環を構成する炭素原子であってもよく、水素原子及び炭素原子以外の原子で置換されていてもよい。水素原子及び炭素原子以外の原子としては、ハロゲン、窒素原子、酸素原子等が挙げられる。
 構造要素(c)は、ペルフルオロアルキル構造又はポリフルオロアルキル構造である。上記構造要素を含むポリイミド樹脂として、たとえば、次に挙げるテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来する構成単位、及び次に挙げるジアミンに由来する構成単位を有するポリイミド樹脂が挙げられる。つまり、本発明のポリイミド樹脂は、次に挙げるテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来する構成単位、及び次に挙げるジアミンに由来する構成単位のいずれもを有さない。
The structural element (c) in the present invention will be described in detail below. Note that the structural element (c) in the polyimide resin, its production method, polyimide varnish, and polyimide film of the present invention all have the same meaning.
The carbon atom bonded to the CF2 group other than X in formula (c) is a secondary carbon, a tertiary carbon, or a quaternary carbon, and may be a carbon atom constituting an aromatic ring, and may be substituted with an atom other than a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom. Examples of the atom other than a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom include a halogen atom, a nitrogen atom, and an oxygen atom.
When X is a carbon atom, the carbon atom X is a primary carbon, a secondary carbon, a tertiary carbon, or a quaternary carbon, and may be a carbon atom constituting an aromatic ring, and may be substituted with an atom other than a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom. Examples of the atom other than a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom include a halogen atom, a nitrogen atom, and an oxygen atom.
The structural element (c) is a perfluoroalkyl structure or a polyfluoroalkyl structure. Examples of polyimide resins containing the above structural elements include polyimide resins having a structural unit derived from the following tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a structural unit derived from the following diamine. In other words, the polyimide resin of the present invention does not have any of the structural units derived from the following tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the structural units derived from the following diamine.

 前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物としては、9,9-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)-9H-キサンテン-2,3,6,7-テトラカルボン酸二無水物(6FCDA)、2,2-ビス[4-(3,4-ジカルボキシフェノキシ)フェニル]ヘキサフルオロプロパン二無水物、4,4’-(ヘキサフルオロイソプロピリデン)ジフタル酸無水物(6FDA)等が挙げられる。 Examples of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride include 9,9-bis(trifluoromethyl)-9H-xanthene-2,3,6,7-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (6FCDA), 2,2-bis[4-(3,4-dicarboxyphenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane dianhydride, and 4,4'-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic anhydride (6FDA).

 前記ジアミンとしては、2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)-4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル(6FODA)、2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル(2,2’-TFMB)、3,3’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)-5,5’-ジアミノビフェニル、2,2-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン(HFDA)、2,2-ビス(3-アミノ-4-メチルフェニル)ヘキサフルオロプロパン、2,2-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]ヘキサフルオロプロパン(HFBAPP)等が挙げられる。 The diamines include 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (6FODA), 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl (2,2'-TFMB), 3,3'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2'-bis(trifluoromethyl)-5,5'-diaminobiphenyl, 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane (HFDA), 2,2-bis(3-amino-4-methylphenyl)hexafluoropropane, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane (HFBAPP), and the like.

 ポリイミド樹脂の数平均分子量は、得られるポリイミドフィルムの機械的強度の観点から、好ましくは5,000~300,000である。なお、ポリイミド樹脂の数平均分子量は、例えば、ゲルろ過クロマトグラフィー測定による標準ポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)換算値より求めることができる。 The number average molecular weight of the polyimide resin is preferably 5,000 to 300,000 from the viewpoint of the mechanical strength of the resulting polyimide film. The number average molecular weight of the polyimide resin can be determined, for example, from a standard polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) equivalent value measured by gel filtration chromatography.

 ポリイミド樹脂は、ポリイミド鎖(構成単位Aと構成単位Bとがイミド結合してなる構造)以外の構造を含んでもよい。ポリイミド樹脂中に含まれうるポリイミド鎖以外の構造としては、例えばアミド結合を含む構造等が挙げられる。ただし、ポリイミド鎖以外の構造にも構造要素(c)を含まない。
 ポリイミド樹脂は、ポリイミド鎖(構成単位Aと構成単位Bとがイミド結合してなる構造)を主たる構造として含むことが好ましい。したがって、ポリイミド樹脂中に占めるポリイミド鎖の比率は、好ましくは50質量%以上であり、より好ましくは70質量%以上であり、更に好ましくは90質量%以上であり、より更に好ましくは99質量%以上である。また、好ましくは100質量%以下である。より更に好ましくは100質量%であり、ポリイミド樹脂はポリイミド鎖のみからなっていてもよい。
The polyimide resin may contain a structure other than the polyimide chain (a structure formed by imide bonding between the structural unit A and the structural unit B). Examples of structures other than the polyimide chain that may be contained in the polyimide resin include structures containing amide bonds. However, the structures other than the polyimide chain do not contain the structural element (c).
The polyimide resin preferably contains a polyimide chain (a structure formed by imide bonding of structural unit A and structural unit B) as a main structure. Therefore, the ratio of the polyimide chain in the polyimide resin is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, even more preferably 90% by mass or more, and even more preferably 99% by mass or more. Also, it is preferably 100% by mass or less. Even more preferably, it is 100% by mass, and the polyimide resin may be composed of only polyimide chains.

[ポリイミド樹脂の製造方法]
 本発明のポリイミド樹脂は、テトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来する構成単位Aが式(a1)で表される化合物に由来する構成単位(A1)を含み、構成単位(A1)が(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来するトランス型構造を35モル%以上含む。したがって、前記トランス型構造となるような条件で製造する必要がある。本発明の製造方法によれば、前記トランス型構造を有するポリイミド樹脂を得ることができる。
[Method of producing polyimide resin]
In the polyimide resin of the present invention, the structural unit A derived from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride contains a structural unit (A1) derived from a compound represented by formula (a1), and the structural unit (A1) contains 35 mol % or more of a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride. Therefore, it is necessary to produce the polyimide resin under conditions that result in the trans structure. According to the production method of the present invention, a polyimide resin having the trans structure can be obtained.

<第一の製造方法>
 本発明のポリイミド樹脂の製造方法のうち、第一の実施形態である第一の製造方法は、下記式(a1)で表される化合物を含むテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、下記式(b1)で表される化合物を含むジアミンとを、塩基触媒及びラクトン系溶媒を含む有機溶媒存在下でイミド化する工程を有し、テトラカルボン酸二無水物中における式(a1)で表される化合物の比率が35モル%以上であり、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物と前記ジアミンのいずれもが下記構造要素(c)を含まず、前記塩基触媒の量が前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物の量に対して30モル%以上であるか、又はラクトン系溶媒を含む有機溶媒がアミド系溶媒を含む、ポリイミド樹脂の製造方法である。
 第一の製造方法は、更に、塩基触媒の量がテトラカルボン酸二無水物の量に対して30モル%以上である方法と、ラクトン系溶媒を含む有機溶媒がアミド系溶媒を含む方法を含む。

Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000023
<First manufacturing method>
Among the methods for producing a polyimide resin of the present invention, a first production method which is a first embodiment includes a step of imidizing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride containing a compound represented by the following formula (a1) and a diamine containing a compound represented by the following formula (b1) in the presence of a base catalyst and an organic solvent containing a lactone-based solvent, in which the ratio of the compound represented by formula (a1) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is 35 mol % or more, neither the tetracarboxylic dianhydride nor the diamine contains the following structural element (c), and the amount of the base catalyst is 30 mol % or more relative to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, or the organic solvent containing a lactone-based solvent includes an amide-based solvent.
The first production method further includes a method in which the amount of the base catalyst is 30 mol % or more based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and a method in which the organic solvent containing a lactone solvent contains an amide solvent.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000023

(塩基触媒の量がテトラカルボン酸二無水物の量に対して30モル%以上である方法)
 第一の製造方法のうち、塩基触媒の量がテトラカルボン酸二無水物の量に対して30モル%以上である方法を用いることによって、前記トランス型構造を有するポリイミド樹脂を得ることができる。
 塩基触媒の量が一定量以上であると、イミド化反応を促進させると同時にシス型からトランス型への異性化反応が進みやすくなると考えられ、トランス型構造を有するポリイミド樹脂を得ることができるものと考えられる。
 本方法における、塩基触媒と有機溶媒について、下記に説明する。
(The method in which the amount of the base catalyst is 30 mol % or more based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride)
Among the first production methods, by using a method in which the amount of the base catalyst is 30 mol % or more based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, the polyimide resin having the trans structure can be obtained.
It is believed that when the amount of the base catalyst is equal to or greater than a certain amount, the imidization reaction is promoted and at the same time the isomerization reaction from cis type to trans type easily proceeds, making it possible to obtain a polyimide resin having a trans type structure.
The base catalyst and organic solvent used in this method are described below.

 前記塩基触媒としては、ピリジン、キノリン、イソキノリン、α-ピコリン、β-ピコリン、2,4-ルチジン、2,6-ルチジン、トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン(TEA)、トリプロピルアミン、トリブチルアミン、トリエチレンジアミン、イミダゾール、N,N-ジメチルアニリン、N,N-ジエチルアニリン等の有機塩基触媒、水酸化カリウムや水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム等の無機塩基触媒が挙げられる。
 上記の塩基触媒は単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
 上記のうち、取り扱い性の観点から、有機塩基触媒がより好ましく、トリエチルアミン及びトリエチレンジアミンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種が更に好ましく、トリエチルアミン及びトリエチレンジアミンの両方がより更に好ましい。したがって、塩基触媒はトリエチルアミン及びトリエチレンジアミンの両方を含むことがより更に好ましい。
Examples of the base catalyst include organic base catalysts such as pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, α-picoline, β-picoline, 2,4-lutidine, 2,6-lutidine, trimethylamine, triethylamine (TEA), tripropylamine, tributylamine, triethylenediamine, imidazole, N,N-dimethylaniline, and N,N-diethylaniline; and inorganic base catalysts such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, and sodium hydrogencarbonate.
The above base catalysts may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
Among the above, from the viewpoint of handling, an organic base catalyst is more preferred, at least one selected from the group consisting of triethylamine and triethylenediamine is even more preferred, and both triethylamine and triethylenediamine are even more preferred. Therefore, it is even more preferred that the base catalyst contains both triethylamine and triethylenediamine.

 本方法で用いられる塩基触媒の量は、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物の量に対して、30モル%以上であり、好ましくは100モル%以下であり、より好ましくは30~100モル%であり、更に好ましくは30~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは40~60モル%である。 The amount of base catalyst used in this method is 30 mol% or more, preferably 100 mol% or less, more preferably 30 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 30 to 60 mol%, and even more preferably 40 to 60 mol%, relative to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.

 本工程で用いられるトリエチルアミンの量は、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物の量に対して、好ましくは20モル%以上であり、好ましくは100モル%以下であり、より好ましくは20~90モル%であり、更に好ましくは20~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは20~55モル%であり、より更に好ましくは30~55モル%であり、より更に好ましくは40~55モル%である。 The amount of triethylamine used in this step is preferably 20 mol% or more, preferably 100 mol% or less, more preferably 20 to 90 mol%, even more preferably 20 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 20 to 55 mol%, even more preferably 30 to 55 mol%, and even more preferably 40 to 55 mol%, relative to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.

 トリエチルアミン及びトリエチレンジアミンの両方を用いる場合、トリエチレンジアミンの量は、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物の量に対して、好ましくは50モル%以下であり、より好ましくは1~50モル%であり、更に好ましくは1~20モル%であり、より更に好ましくは1~10モル%であり、より更に好ましくは1~7モル%であり、より更に好ましくは1~6モル%であり、より更に好ましくは2~6モル%であり、より更に好ましくは3~6モル%である。 When both triethylamine and triethylenediamine are used, the amount of triethylenediamine is preferably 50 mol% or less, more preferably 1 to 50 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 20 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 10 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 7 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 6 mol%, even more preferably 2 to 6 mol%, and even more preferably 3 to 6 mol%, based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.

 本方法で用いられる前記有機溶媒は、ラクトン系溶媒を含む。
 ラクトン系溶媒としては、γ-ブチロラクトン(GBL)、γ-バレロラクトン等が挙げられ、γ-ブチロラクトン(GBL)が好ましい。
 前記有機溶媒中に含まれるラクトン系溶媒の比率は、有機溶媒全量に対して、好ましくは10~100質量%であり、より好ましくは30~100質量%であり、更に好ましくは50~100質量%であり、より更に好ましくは70~100質量%であり、より更に好ましくは90~100質量%であり、より更に好ましくは95~100質量%であり、より更に好ましくは99~100質量%であり、前記有機溶媒はラクトン系溶媒のみからなっていてもよい。
The organic solvent used in the present method includes a lactone solvent.
Examples of lactone solvents include γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and γ-valerolactone, with γ-butyrolactone (GBL) being preferred.
The ratio of the lactone solvent contained in the organic solvent is preferably 10 to 100 mass%, more preferably 30 to 100 mass%, even more preferably 50 to 100 mass%, still more preferably 70 to 100 mass%, still more preferably 90 to 100 mass%, still more preferably 95 to 100 mass%, and still more preferably 99 to 100 mass%, relative to the total amount of the organic solvent, and the organic solvent may consist of only the lactone solvent.

 前記有機溶媒はラクトン系溶媒以外の有機溶媒を含んでもよい。そのような有機溶媒としては、特に限定されないが、ラクトン系溶媒以外の非プロトン性溶媒、フェノール系溶媒等が挙げられる。 The organic solvent may include an organic solvent other than a lactone-based solvent. Such organic solvents include, but are not limited to, aprotic solvents other than lactone-based solvents, phenol-based solvents, etc.

 ラクトン系溶媒以外の非プロトン性溶媒としては、アミド系溶媒、グリコール系溶媒、含リン系アミド系溶媒、含硫黄系溶媒、ケトン系溶媒、アミン系溶媒、エステル系溶媒、エーテル系溶媒、カーボネート系溶媒等が挙げられる。
 アミド系溶媒としては、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチルカプロラクタム、1,3-ジメチルイミダゾリジノン、テトラメチル尿素、3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド等が挙げられる。
 グリコール系溶媒としては、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル等が挙げられる。
 含リン系アミド系溶媒としては、ヘキサメチルホスホリックアミド、ヘキサメチルホスフィントリアミド等が挙げられる。
 含硫黄系溶媒としては、ジメチルスルホン、ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン等が挙げられる。
 ケトン系溶媒としては、アセトン、シクロペンタノン、シクロヘキサノン、メチルシクロヘキサノン等が挙げられる。
 アミン系溶媒としては、ピコリン、ピリジン等が挙げられる。
 エステル系溶媒としては、酢酸(2-メトキシ-1-メチルエチル)等が挙げられる。
 エーテル系溶媒としては、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、ビス(2-メトキシエチル)エーテル、1,2-ビス(2-メトキシエトキシ)エタン、ビス〔2-(2-メトキシエトキシ)エチル〕エーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサン等が挙げられる。
 カーボネート系溶媒としては、ジエチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート等が挙げられる。
Examples of aprotic solvents other than lactone-based solvents include amide-based solvents, glycol-based solvents, phosphorus-containing amide-based solvents, sulfur-containing solvents, ketone-based solvents, amine-based solvents, ester-based solvents, ether-based solvents, and carbonate-based solvents.
Examples of the amide solvent include N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylcaprolactam, 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone, tetramethylurea, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, and 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide.
Examples of the glycol solvent include diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
Examples of phosphorus-containing amide solvents include hexamethylphosphoric amide and hexamethylphosphine triamide.
Examples of the sulfur-containing solvent include dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and sulfolane.
Examples of the ketone solvent include acetone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, and methylcyclohexanone.
Examples of the amine solvent include picoline and pyridine.
Examples of the ester solvent include 2-methoxy-1-methylethyl acetate.
Examples of the ether solvent include 1,2-dimethoxyethane, bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether, 1,2-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane, bis[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]ether, tetrahydrofuran, and 1,4-dioxane.
Examples of the carbonate solvent include diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate.

 フェノール系溶媒としては、フェノール、o-クレゾール、m-クレゾール、p-クレゾール、2,3-キシレノール、2,4-キシレノール、2,5-キシレノール、2,6-キシレノール、3,4-キシレノール、3,5-キシレノール等が挙げられる。
 上記ラクトン系溶媒以外の有機溶媒の中でも、非プロトン系溶媒が好ましく、アミド系溶媒がより好ましい。また、上記の有機溶媒は単独で又は2種以上混合して用いてもよい。
Examples of the phenol-based solvent include phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, 2,3-xylenol, 2,4-xylenol, 2,5-xylenol, 2,6-xylenol, 3,4-xylenol, and 3,5-xylenol.
Among the organic solvents other than the lactone solvents, aprotic solvents are preferred, and amide solvents are more preferred. The organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

(ラクトン系溶媒を含む有機溶媒がアミド系溶媒を含む方法)
 第一の製造方法のうち、ラクトン系溶媒を含む有機溶媒がアミド系溶媒を含む方法を用いることによって、前記トランス型構造を有するポリイミド樹脂を得ることができる。
 有機溶媒にアミド系溶媒を含むことによって、閉環時にシス型からトランス型への異性化反応が進みやすくなると考えられ、そのため、トランス型構造を有するポリイミド樹脂を得ることができるものと考えられる。
 本方法における、塩基触媒と有機溶媒について、下記に説明する。
(Method in which the organic solvent containing a lactone-based solvent contains an amide-based solvent)
Among the first production methods, by using a method in which the organic solvent containing a lactone-based solvent contains an amide-based solvent, it is possible to obtain the polyimide resin having the trans structure.
It is believed that the inclusion of an amide-based solvent in the organic solvent facilitates the isomerization reaction from cis to trans during ring closure, and therefore a polyimide resin having a trans structure can be obtained.
The base catalyst and organic solvent used in this method are described below.

 前記塩基触媒としては、ピリジン、キノリン、イソキノリン、α-ピコリン、β-ピコリン、2,4-ルチジン、2,6-ルチジン、トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン(TEA)、トリプロピルアミン、トリブチルアミン、トリエチレンジアミン、イミダゾール、N,N-ジメチルアニリン、N,N-ジエチルアニリン等の有機塩基触媒、水酸化カリウムや水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム等の無機塩基触媒が挙げられる。
 上記の塩基触媒は単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
 上記のうち、取り扱い性の観点から、有機塩基触媒がより好ましく、トリエチルアミン及びトリエチレンジアミンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種が更に好ましく、トリエチルアミン及びトリエチレンジアミンの両方を用いることがより更に好ましい。
Examples of the base catalyst include organic base catalysts such as pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, α-picoline, β-picoline, 2,4-lutidine, 2,6-lutidine, trimethylamine, triethylamine (TEA), tripropylamine, tributylamine, triethylenediamine, imidazole, N,N-dimethylaniline, and N,N-diethylaniline; and inorganic base catalysts such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, and sodium hydrogencarbonate.
The above base catalysts may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
Of the above, from the viewpoint of handleability, an organic base catalyst is more preferred, at least one selected from the group consisting of triethylamine and triethylenediamine is even more preferred, and it is even more preferred to use both triethylamine and triethylenediamine.

 本工程で用いられる塩基触媒の量は、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物の量に対して、好ましくは100モル%以下であり、より好ましくは1~100モル%であり、更に好ましくは1~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは5~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは10~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは30~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは40~60モル%である。 The amount of base catalyst used in this step is preferably 100 mol% or less, more preferably 1 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 30 to 60 mol%, and even more preferably 40 to 60 mol%, based on the amount of tetracarboxylic dianhydride.

 本工程で用いられるトリエチルアミンの量は、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物の量に対して、好ましくは100モル%以下であり、より好ましくは1~90モル%であり、更に好ましくは1~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは5~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは10~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは10~55モル%であり、より更に好ましくは30~55モル%であり、より更に好ましくは40~55モル%である。 The amount of triethylamine used in this step is preferably 100 mol% or less, more preferably 1 to 90 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 55 mol%, even more preferably 30 to 55 mol%, and even more preferably 40 to 55 mol%, relative to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.

 トリエチルアミン及びトリエチレンジアミンの両方を用いる場合、トリエチレンジアミンの量は、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物の量に対して、好ましくは50モル%以下であり、より好ましくは1~50モル%であり、更に好ましくは1~20モル%であり、より更に好ましくは1~10モル%であり、より更に好ましくは1~7モル%であり、より更に好ましくは1~6モル%であり、より更に好ましくは2~6モル%であり、より更に好ましくは3~6モル%である。 When both triethylamine and triethylenediamine are used, the amount of triethylenediamine is preferably 50 mol% or less, more preferably 1 to 50 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 20 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 10 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 7 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 6 mol%, even more preferably 2 to 6 mol%, and even more preferably 3 to 6 mol%, based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.

 本工程で用いられる塩基触媒の量は、ジアミンの量に対しても、テトラカルボン酸二無水物の量に対する量と同様であることが好ましい。
 したがって、本工程で用いられる塩基触媒の量は、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物及び前記ジアミンの量に対して、好ましくは100モル%以下であり、より好ましくは1~100モル%であり、更に好ましくは1~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは5~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは10~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは30~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは40~60モル%である。
The amount of the base catalyst used in this step relative to the amount of the diamine is preferably the same as the amount relative to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
Therefore, the amount of the base catalyst used in this step is preferably 100 mol % or less, more preferably 1 to 100 mol %, even more preferably 1 to 60 mol %, still more preferably 5 to 60 mol %, still more preferably 10 to 60 mol %, still more preferably 30 to 60 mol %, and still more preferably 40 to 60 mol %, based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine.

 本工程で用いられるトリエチルアミンの量は、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物及び前記ジアミンの量に対して、好ましくは100モル%以下であり、より好ましくは1~90モル%であり、更に好ましくは1~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは5~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは10~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは10~55モル%であり、より更に好ましくは30~55モル%であり、より更に好ましくは40~55モル%である。 The amount of triethylamine used in this step is preferably 100 mol% or less, more preferably 1 to 90 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 55 mol%, even more preferably 30 to 55 mol%, and even more preferably 40 to 55 mol%, based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine.

 トリエチルアミン及びトリエチレンジアミンの両方を用いる場合、トリエチレンジアミンの量は、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物及び前記ジアミンの量に対して、好ましくは50モル%以下であり、より好ましくは1~50モル%であり、更に好ましくは1~20モル%であり、より更に好ましくは1~10モル%であり、より更に好ましくは1~7モル%であり、より更に好ましくは1~6モル%であり、より更に好ましくは2~6モル%であり、より更に好ましくは3~6モル%である。
 なお、「前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物及び前記ジアミンの量に対して」とは、「前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物の量に対して、そして前記ジアミンの量に対しても同様に」という意味である。
When both triethylamine and triethylenediamine are used, the amount of triethylenediamine is preferably 50 mol % or less, more preferably 1 to 50 mol %, even more preferably 1 to 20 mol %, still more preferably 1 to 10 mol %, still more preferably 1 to 7 mol %, still more preferably 1 to 6 mol %, still more preferably 2 to 6 mol %, and still more preferably 3 to 6 mol %, based on the amounts of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine.
Incidentally, "with respect to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine" means "with respect to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and similarly with respect to the amount of the diamine."

 本方法で用いられる前記有機溶媒は、ラクトン系溶媒とアミド系溶媒を含む。
 ラクトン系溶媒としては、γ-ブチロラクトン(GBL)、γ-バレロラクトン等が挙げられ、γ-ブチロラクトン(GBL)が好ましい。
 アミド系溶媒としては、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチルカプロラクタム、1,3-ジメチルイミダゾリジノン、テトラメチル尿素、3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド等が挙げられ、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミドが好ましい。
The organic solvents used in the present method include lactone-based solvents and amide-based solvents.
Examples of lactone solvents include γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and γ-valerolactone, with γ-butyrolactone (GBL) being preferred.
Examples of the amide solvent include N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylcaprolactam, 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone, tetramethylurea, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, and 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, and N,N-dimethylacetamide is preferred.

 前記有機溶媒中における、アミド系溶媒に対するラクトン系溶媒の質量比[ラクトン系溶媒/アミド系溶媒]は、好ましくは50/50~99/1であり、より好ましくは60/40~99/1であり、更に好ましくは60/40~97/3であり、より更に好ましくは70/30~95/5であり、より更に好ましくは70/30~90/10であり、より更に好ましくは70/30~85/15であり、より更に好ましくは75/25~85/15である。 The mass ratio of the lactone solvent to the amide solvent in the organic solvent [lactone solvent/amide solvent] is preferably 50/50 to 99/1, more preferably 60/40 to 99/1, even more preferably 60/40 to 97/3, even more preferably 70/30 to 95/5, even more preferably 70/30 to 90/10, even more preferably 70/30 to 85/15, and even more preferably 75/25 to 85/15.

 前記有機溶媒中に含まれるラクトン系溶媒とアミド系溶媒の比率の合計は、有機溶媒全量に対して、好ましくは10~100質量%であり、より好ましくは30~100質量%であり、更に好ましくは50~100質量%であり、より更に好ましくは70~100質量%であり、より更に好ましくは90~100質量%であり、より更に好ましくは95~100質量%であり、より更に好ましくは99~100質量%であり、前記有機溶媒はラクトン系溶媒とアミド系溶媒のみからなっていてもよく、前記有機溶媒はラクトン系溶媒とアミド系溶媒のみからなっていることが好ましい。 The total ratio of the lactone solvent and the amide solvent contained in the organic solvent is preferably 10 to 100% by mass, more preferably 30 to 100% by mass, even more preferably 50 to 100% by mass, even more preferably 70 to 100% by mass, even more preferably 90 to 100% by mass, even more preferably 95 to 100% by mass, and even more preferably 99 to 100% by mass, and the organic solvent may consist only of a lactone solvent and an amide solvent, and preferably consists only of a lactone solvent and an amide solvent.

 前記有機溶媒はラクトン系溶媒とアミド系溶媒以外の有機溶媒を含んでもよい。そのような有機溶媒としては、特に限定されないが、ラクトン系溶媒とアミド系溶媒以外の非プロトン性溶媒、フェノール系溶媒等が挙げられる。 The organic solvent may include organic solvents other than lactone solvents and amide solvents. Such organic solvents are not particularly limited, but include aprotic solvents other than lactone solvents and amide solvents, phenol solvents, etc.

 ラクトン系溶媒とアミド系溶媒以外の非プロトン性溶媒としては、グリコール系溶媒、含リン系アミド系溶媒、含硫黄系溶媒、ケトン系溶媒、アミン系溶媒、エステル系溶媒、エーテル系溶媒、カーボネート系溶媒等が挙げられる。
 グリコール系溶媒としては、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル等が挙げられる。
 含リン系アミド系溶媒としては、ヘキサメチルホスホリックアミド、ヘキサメチルホスフィントリアミド等が挙げられる。
 含硫黄系溶媒としては、ジメチルスルホン、ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン等が挙げられる。
 ケトン系溶媒としては、アセトン、シクロペンタノン、シクロヘキサノン、メチルシクロヘキサノン等が挙げられる。
 アミン系溶媒としては、ピコリン、ピリジン等が挙げられる。
 エステル系溶媒としては、酢酸(2-メトキシ-1-メチルエチル)等が挙げられる。
 エーテル系溶媒としては、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、ビス(2-メトキシエチル)エーテル、1,2-ビス(2-メトキシエトキシ)エタン、ビス〔2-(2-メトキシエトキシ)エチル〕エーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサン等が挙げられる。
 カーボネート系溶媒としては、ジエチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート等が挙げられる。
Examples of aprotic solvents other than lactone solvents and amide solvents include glycol solvents, phosphorus-containing amide solvents, sulfur-containing solvents, ketone solvents, amine solvents, ester solvents, ether solvents, and carbonate solvents.
Examples of the glycol solvent include diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
Examples of phosphorus-containing amide solvents include hexamethylphosphoric amide and hexamethylphosphine triamide.
Examples of the sulfur-containing solvent include dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and sulfolane.
Examples of the ketone solvent include acetone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, and methylcyclohexanone.
Examples of the amine solvent include picoline and pyridine.
Examples of the ester solvent include 2-methoxy-1-methylethyl acetate.
Examples of the ether solvent include 1,2-dimethoxyethane, bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether, 1,2-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane, bis[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]ether, tetrahydrofuran, and 1,4-dioxane.
Examples of the carbonate solvent include diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate.

 フェノール系溶媒としては、フェノール、o-クレゾール、m-クレゾール、p-クレゾール、2,3-キシレノール、2,4-キシレノール、2,5-キシレノール、2,6-キシレノール、3,4-キシレノール、3,5-キシレノール等が挙げられる。
 上記ラクトン系溶媒とアミド系溶媒以外の有機溶媒の中でも、非プロトン系溶媒が好ましい。また、上記の有機溶媒は単独で又は2種以上混合して用いてもよい。
Examples of the phenol-based solvent include phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, 2,3-xylenol, 2,4-xylenol, 2,5-xylenol, 2,6-xylenol, 3,4-xylenol, and 3,5-xylenol.
Among the organic solvents other than the lactone solvents and amide solvents, aprotic solvents are preferred. The organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

<第二の製造方法>
 本発明のポリイミド樹脂の製造方法のうち、第二の実施形態である第二の製造方法は、下記式(a1)で表される化合物を含むテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、下記式(b1)で表される化合物を含むジアミンとを、塩基触媒存在下でイミド化する工程を有し、テトラカルボン酸二無水物中における式(a1)で表される化合物の比率が35モル%以上であり、式(a1)で表される化合物が下記式(a11)で表される化合物を含む、ポリイミド樹脂の製造方法である。
 第二の製造方法においては、原料となる式(a1)で表される化合物がトランス型構造を有しているため、前記トランス型構造を有するポリイミド樹脂を得ることができる。

Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000024

 本方法における、触媒と有機溶媒について、下記に説明する。 <Second Manufacturing Method>
Among the methods for producing a polyimide resin of the present invention, a second production method which is a second embodiment includes a step of imidizing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride containing a compound represented by the following formula (a1) and a diamine containing a compound represented by the following formula (b1) in the presence of a base catalyst, in which the ratio of the compound represented by formula (a1) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is 35 mol % or more, and the compound represented by formula (a1) contains a compound represented by the following formula (a11):
In the second production method, since the compound represented by formula (a1) serving as the raw material has a trans structure, a polyimide resin having the trans structure can be obtained.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000024

The catalyst and organic solvent used in this method are described below.

 前記塩基触媒としては、ピリジン、キノリン、イソキノリン、α-ピコリン、β-ピコリン、2,4-ルチジン、2,6-ルチジン、トリメチルアミン、トリエチルアミン(TEA)、トリプロピルアミン、トリブチルアミン、トリエチレンジアミン、イミダゾール、N,N-ジメチルアニリン、N,N-ジエチルアニリン等の有機塩基触媒、水酸化カリウムや水酸化ナトリウム、炭酸カリウム、炭酸ナトリウム、炭酸水素カリウム、炭酸水素ナトリウム等の無機塩基触媒が挙げられる。
 上記の塩基触媒は単独で又は2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
 上記のうち、取り扱い性の観点から、有機塩基触媒がより好ましく、トリエチルアミン及びトリエチレンジアミンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種が更に好ましく、トリエチルアミン及びトリエチレンジアミンの両方を用いることがより更に好ましい。
Examples of the base catalyst include organic base catalysts such as pyridine, quinoline, isoquinoline, α-picoline, β-picoline, 2,4-lutidine, 2,6-lutidine, trimethylamine, triethylamine (TEA), tripropylamine, tributylamine, triethylenediamine, imidazole, N,N-dimethylaniline, and N,N-diethylaniline; and inorganic base catalysts such as potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate, potassium hydrogencarbonate, and sodium hydrogencarbonate.
The above base catalysts may be used alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
Among the above, from the viewpoint of handleability, an organic base catalyst is more preferable, at least one selected from the group consisting of triethylamine and triethylenediamine is even more preferable, and it is even more preferable to use both triethylamine and triethylenediamine.

 本方法で用いられる塩基触媒の量は、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物の量に対して、好ましくは100モル%以下であり、より好ましくは1~100モル%であり、更に好ましくは1~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは5~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは10~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは30~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは40~60モル%である。 The amount of base catalyst used in this method is preferably 100 mol% or less, more preferably 1 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 30 to 60 mol%, and even more preferably 40 to 60 mol%, based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.

 本方法で用いられるトリエチルアミンの量は、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物の量に対して、好ましくは100モル%以下であり、より好ましくは1~90モル%であり、更に好ましくは1~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは5~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは10~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは10~55モル%であり、より更に好ましくは30~55モル%であり、より更に好ましくは40~55モル%である。 The amount of triethylamine used in this method is preferably 100 mol% or less, more preferably 1 to 90 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 55 mol%, even more preferably 30 to 55 mol%, and even more preferably 40 to 55 mol%, relative to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.

 トリエチルアミン及びトリエチレンジアミンの両方を用いる場合、トリエチレンジアミンの量は、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物の量に対して、好ましくは50モル%以下であり、より好ましくは1~50モル%であり、更に好ましくは1~20モル%であり、より更に好ましくは1~10モル%であり、より更に好ましくは1~7モル%であり、より更に好ましくは1~6モル%であり、より更に好ましくは2~6モル%であり、より更に好ましくは3~6モル%である。 When both triethylamine and triethylenediamine are used, the amount of triethylenediamine is preferably 50 mol% or less, more preferably 1 to 50 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 20 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 10 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 7 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 6 mol%, even more preferably 2 to 6 mol%, and even more preferably 3 to 6 mol%, based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.

 本工程で用いられる塩基触媒の量は、ジアミンの量に対しても、テトラカルボン酸二無水物の量に対する量と同様であることが好ましい。
 したがって、本方法で用いられる塩基触媒の量は、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物及び前記ジアミンの量に対して、好ましくは100モル%以下であり、より好ましくは1~100モル%であり、更に好ましくは1~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは5~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは10~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは30~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは40~60モル%である。
The amount of the base catalyst used in this step relative to the amount of the diamine is preferably the same as the amount relative to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
Therefore, the amount of the base catalyst used in the present method is preferably 100 mol % or less, more preferably 1 to 100 mol %, even more preferably 1 to 60 mol %, still more preferably 5 to 60 mol %, still more preferably 10 to 60 mol %, still more preferably 30 to 60 mol %, and still more preferably 40 to 60 mol %, based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine.

 本方法で用いられるトリエチルアミンの量は、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物及び前記ジアミンの量に対して、好ましくは100モル%以下であり、より好ましくは1~90モル%であり、更に好ましくは1~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは5~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは10~60モル%であり、より更に好ましくは10~55モル%であり、より更に好ましくは30~55モル%であり、より更に好ましくは40~55モル%である。 The amount of triethylamine used in this method is preferably 100 mol% or less, more preferably 1 to 90 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 60 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 55 mol%, even more preferably 30 to 55 mol%, and even more preferably 40 to 55 mol%, based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine.

 トリエチルアミン及びトリエチレンジアミンの両方を用いる場合、トリエチレンジアミンの量は、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物及び前記ジアミンの量に対して、好ましくは50モル%以下であり、より好ましくは1~50モル%であり、更に好ましくは1~20モル%であり、より更に好ましくは1~10モル%であり、より更に好ましくは1~7モル%であり、より更に好ましくは1~6モル%であり、より更に好ましくは2~6モル%であり、より更に好ましくは3~6モル%である。
 なお、「前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物及び前記ジアミンの量に対して」とは、「前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物の量に対して、そして前記ジアミンの量に対しても同様に」という意味である。
When both triethylamine and triethylenediamine are used, the amount of triethylenediamine is preferably 50 mol % or less, more preferably 1 to 50 mol %, even more preferably 1 to 20 mol %, still more preferably 1 to 10 mol %, still more preferably 1 to 7 mol %, still more preferably 1 to 6 mol %, still more preferably 2 to 6 mol %, and still more preferably 3 to 6 mol %, based on the amounts of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine.
Incidentally, "with respect to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine" means "with respect to the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and similarly with respect to the amount of the diamine."

 本方法で用いられる前記有機溶媒は、イミド化反応を阻害せず、得られるポリイミド樹脂を溶解できるものであれば制限はないが、好ましくはラクトン系溶媒を含む。
 ラクトン系溶媒としては、γ-ブチロラクトン(GBL)、γ-バレロラクトン等が挙げられ、γ-ブチロラクトン(GBL)が好ましい。
 前記有機溶媒中に含まれるラクトン系溶媒の比率は、有機溶媒全量に対して、好ましくは10~100質量%であり、より好ましくは30~100質量%であり、更に好ましくは50~100質量%であり、より更に好ましくは70~100質量%であり、より更に好ましくは90~100質量%であり、より更に好ましくは95~100質量%であり、より更に好ましくは99~100質量%であり、前記有機溶媒はラクトン系溶媒のみからなっていてもよい。
The organic solvent used in this method is not limited as long as it does not inhibit the imidization reaction and can dissolve the resulting polyimide resin, but preferably contains a lactone-based solvent.
Examples of lactone solvents include γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and γ-valerolactone, with γ-butyrolactone (GBL) being preferred.
The ratio of the lactone solvent contained in the organic solvent is preferably 10 to 100 mass%, more preferably 30 to 100 mass%, even more preferably 50 to 100 mass%, still more preferably 70 to 100 mass%, still more preferably 90 to 100 mass%, still more preferably 95 to 100 mass%, and still more preferably 99 to 100 mass%, and the organic solvent may consist of only the lactone solvent.

 前記有機溶媒はラクトン系溶媒以外の有機溶媒を含んでもよい。そのような有機溶媒としては、特に限定されないが、ラクトン系溶媒以外の非プロトン性溶媒、フェノール系溶媒等が挙げられる。 The organic solvent may include an organic solvent other than a lactone-based solvent. Such organic solvents include, but are not limited to, aprotic solvents other than lactone-based solvents, phenol-based solvents, etc.

 ラクトン系溶媒以外の非プロトン性溶媒としては、アミド系溶媒、グリコール系溶媒、含リン系アミド系溶媒、含硫黄系溶媒、ケトン系溶媒、アミン系溶媒、エステル系溶媒、エーテル系溶媒、カーボネート系溶媒等が挙げられる。
 アミド系溶媒としては、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチルカプロラクタム、1,3-ジメチルイミダゾリジノン、テトラメチル尿素、3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド、3-ブトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミド等が挙げられる。
 グリコール系溶媒としては、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、トリエチレングリコール、トリエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル等が挙げられる。
 含リン系アミド系溶媒としては、ヘキサメチルホスホリックアミド、ヘキサメチルホスフィントリアミド等が挙げられる。
 含硫黄系溶媒としては、ジメチルスルホン、ジメチルスルホキシド、スルホラン等が挙げられる。
 ケトン系溶媒としては、アセトン、シクロペンタノン、シクロヘキサノン、メチルシクロヘキサノン等が挙げられる。
 アミン系溶媒としては、ピコリン、ピリジン等が挙げられる。
 エステル系溶媒としては、酢酸(2-メトキシ-1-メチルエチル)等が挙げられる。
 エーテル系溶媒としては、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、ビス(2-メトキシエチル)エーテル、1,2-ビス(2-メトキシエトキシ)エタン、ビス〔2-(2-メトキシエトキシ)エチル〕エーテル、テトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサン等が挙げられる。
 カーボネート系溶媒としては、ジエチルカーボネート、メチルエチルカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート等が挙げられる。
Examples of aprotic solvents other than lactone-based solvents include amide-based solvents, glycol-based solvents, phosphorus-containing amide-based solvents, sulfur-containing solvents, ketone-based solvents, amine-based solvents, ester-based solvents, ether-based solvents, and carbonate-based solvents.
Examples of the amide solvent include N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N-methylcaprolactam, 1,3-dimethylimidazolidinone, tetramethylurea, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, and 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide.
Examples of the glycol solvent include diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, triethylene glycol, and triethylene glycol dimethyl ether.
Examples of phosphorus-containing amide solvents include hexamethylphosphoric amide and hexamethylphosphine triamide.
Examples of the sulfur-containing solvent include dimethyl sulfone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and sulfolane.
Examples of the ketone solvent include acetone, cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, and methylcyclohexanone.
Examples of the amine solvent include picoline and pyridine.
Examples of the ester solvent include 2-methoxy-1-methylethyl acetate.
Examples of the ether solvent include 1,2-dimethoxyethane, bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether, 1,2-bis(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane, bis[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]ether, tetrahydrofuran, and 1,4-dioxane.
Examples of the carbonate solvent include diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate.

 フェノール系溶媒としては、フェノール、o-クレゾール、m-クレゾール、p-クレゾール、2,3-キシレノール、2,4-キシレノール、2,5-キシレノール、2,6-キシレノール、3,4-キシレノール、3,5-キシレノール等が挙げられる。
 上記ラクトン系溶媒以外の有機溶媒の中でも、非プロトン系溶媒が好ましく、アミド系溶媒がより好ましい。また、上記の有機溶媒は単独で又は2種以上混合して用いてもよい。
Examples of the phenol-based solvent include phenol, o-cresol, m-cresol, p-cresol, 2,3-xylenol, 2,4-xylenol, 2,5-xylenol, 2,6-xylenol, 3,4-xylenol, and 3,5-xylenol.
Among the organic solvents other than the lactone solvents, aprotic solvents are preferred, and amide solvents are more preferred. The organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

<イミド化工程>
 本発明のポリイミド樹脂の製造方法のイミド化工程において、第一の実施形態である第一の製造方法と第二の実施形態である第二の製造方法に共通する条件等について次に説明する。
<Imidization step>
In the imidization step of the method for producing a polyimide resin of the present invention, conditions and the like common to the first production method which is the first embodiment and the second production method which is the second embodiment will now be described.

(テトラカルボン酸二無水物)
 前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、下記式(a1)で表される化合物を含み、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物中における下記式(a1)で表される化合物の比率は35モル%以上である。また、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、下記構造要素(c)を含まないことが好ましい。第一の製造方法においては、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、下記構造要素(c)を含まない。

Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000025

(式(c)中、Xはフッ素原子、水素原子又は炭素原子である。)
 テトラカルボン酸二無水物が式(a1)で表される化合物を一定量以上含むことによって、得られるポリイミド樹脂は、構造要素(c)で示されるペルフルオロアルキル構造やポリフルオロアルキル構造を含むことなく、無色透明性を向上させつつ、弾性率を高め、伸びも良好にし、溶媒可溶性も向上することができる。 (Tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride)
The tetracarboxylic dianhydride contains a compound represented by the following formula (a1), and the ratio of the compound represented by the following formula (a1) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is 35 mol % or more. In addition, it is preferable that the tetracarboxylic dianhydride does not contain the following structural element (c). In the first production method, the tetracarboxylic dianhydride does not contain the following structural element (c).
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000025

(In formula (c), X is a fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom, or a carbon atom.)
When the tetracarboxylic dianhydride contains a certain amount or more of the compound represented by formula (a1), the resulting polyimide resin can have improved colorless transparency, increased elastic modulus, good elongation, and improved solvent solubility, without containing the perfluoroalkyl structure or polyfluoroalkyl structure represented by the structural element (c).

 式(a1)で表される化合物は、1,2,4,5-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物(HPMDA)である。 The compound represented by formula (a1) is 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (HPMDA).

 テトラカルボン酸二無水物中における式(a1)で表される化合物の比率は、好ましくは35モル%以上であり、より好ましくは50モル%以上であり、更に好ましくは70モル%以上であり、より更に好ましくは80モル%以上であり、より更に好ましくは85モル%以上であり、より更に好ましくは90モル%以上であり、上限は100モル%以下である。テトラカルボン酸二無水物は式(a1)で表される化合物のみからなっていてもよい。 The ratio of the compound represented by formula (a1) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is preferably 35 mol% or more, more preferably 50 mol% or more, even more preferably 70 mol% or more, even more preferably 80 mol% or more, even more preferably 85 mol% or more, even more preferably 90 mol% or more, with the upper limit being 100 mol% or less. The tetracarboxylic dianhydride may consist only of the compound represented by formula (a1).

 式(a1)で表される化合物は、下記式(a11)で表される化合物を含むことが好ましい。第二の製造方法においては、式(a1)で表される化合物は、下記式(a11)で表される化合物を含む。
 下記式(a11)で表される化合物は(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物である。
 (1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物はトランス型構造を有する。下記式(a12)で表される化合物はシス型構造であり、前記下記式(a11)で表される化合物に含まれない。

Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000026

 式(a1)で表される化合物に含まれる式(a11)で表される化合物の比率は、式(a1)で表される化合物中、好ましくは30~100モル%であり、より好ましくは50~100モル%であり、更に好ましくは60~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは70~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは80~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは90~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは95~100モル%であり、100モル%であってもよく、100モル%であることがより更に好ましい。式(a1)で表される化合物は、式(a11)で表される化合物のみからなっていてもよく、式(a1)で表される化合物は、式(a11)で表される化合物のみからなっていることがより更に好ましい。
 式(a1)で表される化合物が、式(a11)で表される化合物を含むことによって、得られるポリイミドフィルム(ポリイミド樹脂)の透明性を向上させ、弾性率を高めることができる。なお、式(a1)で表される化合物として、式(a12)で表される化合物のみを用いても、製造条件によって、得られるポリイミド樹脂にトランス型構造を導入することができるが、式(a11)で表される化合物を用いることでより確実に得られるポリイミド樹脂にトランス型構造を導入することができるため、好ましい。 The compound represented by formula (a1) preferably includes a compound represented by the following formula (a11): In the second production method, the compound represented by formula (a1) includes a compound represented by the following formula (a11).
The compound represented by the following formula (a11) is (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride.
(1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride has a trans structure. The compound represented by the following formula (a12) has a cis structure and is not included in the compound represented by the following formula (a11).
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000026

The ratio of the compound represented by formula (a11) contained in the compound represented by formula (a1) is preferably 30 to 100 mol%, more preferably 50 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 60 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 70 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 80 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 90 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 95 to 100 mol%, may be 100 mol%, and even more preferably is 100 mol%. The compound represented by formula (a1) may be composed only of the compound represented by formula (a11), and it is even more preferable that the compound represented by formula (a1) is composed only of the compound represented by formula (a11).
The compound represented by formula (a1) contains the compound represented by formula (a11), which improves the transparency of the obtained polyimide film (polyimide resin) and increases the elastic modulus. Note that, even if only the compound represented by formula (a12) is used as the compound represented by formula (a1), a trans structure can be introduced into the obtained polyimide resin depending on the production conditions, but it is preferable to use the compound represented by formula (a11) because the trans structure can be introduced more reliably into the obtained polyimide resin.

 テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、式(a1)で表される化合物のみからなっていてもよく、式(a1)で表される化合物以外のテトラカルボン酸二無水物を含んでもよいが、好ましくは、式(a1)で表される化合物以外のテトラカルボン酸二無水物として、さらに下記式(a2)で表される化合物を含む。

Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000027
The tetracarboxylic dianhydride may consist only of the compound represented by formula (a1), or may contain a tetracarboxylic dianhydride other than the compound represented by formula (a1). Preferably, however, the tetracarboxylic dianhydride other than the compound represented by formula (a1) further contains a compound represented by the following formula (a2):
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000027

 式(a2)で表される化合物は、1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物(CBDA)である。
 テトラカルボン酸二無水物が式(a2)で表される化合物を含むことによって、特にポリイミド樹脂の弾性率を高めることができる。
The compound represented by formula (a2) is 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (CBDA).
When the tetracarboxylic dianhydride contains the compound represented by formula (a2), the elastic modulus of the polyimide resin can be particularly increased.

 テトラカルボン酸二無水物中における式(a2)で表される化合物の比率は、好ましくは0~27モル%であり、好ましくは0.5~27モル%であり、より好ましくは1~27モル%であり、更に好ましくは3~27モル%であり、より更に好ましくは5~27モル%であり、より更に好ましくは10~27モル%であり、より更に好ましくは10~25モル%であり、より更に好ましくは15~25モル%であり、より更に好ましくは15~23モル%であり、より更に好ましくは15~22モル%である。 The ratio of the compound represented by formula (a2) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is preferably 0 to 27 mol%, preferably 0.5 to 27 mol%, more preferably 1 to 27 mol%, even more preferably 3 to 27 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 27 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 27 mol%, even more preferably 10 to 25 mol%, even more preferably 15 to 25 mol%, even more preferably 15 to 23 mol%, and even more preferably 15 to 22 mol%.

 テトラカルボン酸二無水物中における式(a1)で表される化合物の比率は、好ましくは73~100モル%であり、テトラカルボン酸二無水物が式(a2)で表される化合物を含む場合のテトラカルボン酸二無水物中における式(a1)で表される化合物の比率は、好ましくは99.5モル%以下であり、より好ましくは73~99.5モル%であり、更に好ましくは73~99モル%であり、より更に好ましくは73~97モル%であり、より更に好ましくは73~95モル%であり、より更に好ましくは73~90モル%であり、より更に好ましくは75~90モル%であり、より更に好ましくは75~85モル%であり、より更に好ましくは77~85モル%であり、より更に好ましくは78~85モル%である。テトラカルボン酸二無水物中における式(a1)で表される化合物の比率を上記範囲とすることによって、得られるポリイミドフィルム(ポリイミド樹脂)の透明性を向上させつつ、高い弾性率と優れた伸びを両立させることができる。 The ratio of the compound represented by formula (a1) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is preferably 73 to 100 mol%, and the ratio of the compound represented by formula (a1) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride in the case where the tetracarboxylic dianhydride contains a compound represented by formula (a2) is preferably 99.5 mol% or less, more preferably 73 to 99.5 mol%, even more preferably 73 to 99 mol%, even more preferably 73 to 97 mol%, even more preferably 73 to 95 mol%, even more preferably 73 to 90 mol%, even more preferably 75 to 90 mol%, even more preferably 75 to 85 mol%, even more preferably 77 to 85 mol%, and even more preferably 78 to 85 mol%. By setting the ratio of the compound represented by formula (a1) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride to the above range, it is possible to improve the transparency of the obtained polyimide film (polyimide resin) while simultaneously achieving high elastic modulus and excellent elongation.

 テトラカルボン酸二無水物中における式(a2)で表される化合物に対する式(a1)で表される化合物のモル比[(a1)/(a2)]は、好ましくは73/27~99.5/0.5であり、より好ましくは73/27~99/1であり、更に好ましくは73/27~97/3であり、より更に好ましくは73/27~95/5であり、より更に好ましくは73/27~90/10であり、より更に好ましくは75/25~90/10であり、より更に好ましくは75/25~85/15であり、より更に好ましくは77/23~85/15であり、より更に好ましくは78/22~85/15である。前記モル比とすることで、得られるポリイミド樹脂の透明性を向上させつつ、高い弾性率と優れた伸びを両立させることができる。 The molar ratio of the compound represented by formula (a1) to the compound represented by formula (a2) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride [(a1)/(a2)] is preferably 73/27 to 99.5/0.5, more preferably 73/27 to 99/1, even more preferably 73/27 to 97/3, even more preferably 73/27 to 95/5, even more preferably 73/27 to 90/10, even more preferably 75/25 to 90/10, even more preferably 75/25 to 85/15, even more preferably 77/23 to 85/15, and even more preferably 78/22 to 85/15. By setting the molar ratio as described above, it is possible to improve the transparency of the resulting polyimide resin while simultaneously achieving both a high elastic modulus and excellent elongation.

 テトラカルボン酸二無水物中における式(a1)で表される化合物及び式(a2)で表される化合物の合計の比率は、好ましくは50モル%以上であり、より好ましくは70モル%以上であり、更に好ましくは90モル%以上であり、また、好ましくは100モル%以下である。テトラカルボン酸二無水物は式(a1)で表される化合物と式(a2)で表される化合物とのみからなっていてもよく、テトラカルボン酸二無水物は式(a1)で表される化合物と式(a2)で表される化合物とのみからなることが好ましい。 The total ratio of the compound represented by formula (a1) and the compound represented by formula (a2) in the tetracarboxylic dianhydride is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 70 mol% or more, even more preferably 90 mol% or more, and preferably 100 mol% or less. The tetracarboxylic dianhydride may consist only of the compound represented by formula (a1) and the compound represented by formula (a2), and it is preferable that the tetracarboxylic dianhydride consists only of the compound represented by formula (a1) and the compound represented by formula (a2).

 テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、式(a1)で表される化合物及び式(a2)で表される化合物以外のテトラカルボン酸二無水物を含んでもよい。そのようなテトラカルボン酸二無水物としては、特に限定されないが、式(a1)で表される化合物を除き、かつ式(a2)で表される化合物を除く芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物、脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物、及び脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物が挙げられる。 The tetracarboxylic dianhydride may include tetracarboxylic dianhydrides other than the compound represented by formula (a1) and the compound represented by formula (a2). Such tetracarboxylic dianhydrides are not particularly limited, but may include aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, and aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, excluding the compound represented by formula (a1) and excluding the compound represented by formula (a2).

 前記化合物を除く芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物としては、4,4’-オキシジフタル酸無水物(ODPA)、3,3’,4,4’-ジフェニルスルホンテトラカルボン酸二無水物(DSDA)、3,3’,4,4’-ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸二無水物(BTDA)、ヒドロキノンジフタル酸無水物(HQDEA)、エチレングリコールビス(トリメリテート)二無水物(TMEG)、2,2’,3,3’,5,5’-ヘキサメチル[1,1’-ビフェニル]-4,4’-ジイル=ビス(1,3-ジオキソ-1,3-ジヒドロ-2-ベンゾフラン-5-カルボキシラート)(TMPBP-TME)、2,2-ビス(3,4-ジカルボキシフェニル)-プロパン二無水物が挙げられる。 Aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides other than the above compounds include 4,4'-oxydiphthalic anhydride (ODPA), 3,3',4,4'-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (DSDA), 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), hydroquinone diphthalic anhydride (HQDEA), ethylene glycol bis(trimellitate) dianhydride (TMEG), 2,2',3,3',5,5'-hexamethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl=bis(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2-benzofuran-5-carboxylate) (TMPBP-TME), and 2,2-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)-propane dianhydride.

 脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物としては、シクロヘキサン-1,2,3,4-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,2,3,4-シクロペンタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,2,4,5-シクロペンタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、3,3’,4,4’-ビシクロヘキシルテトラカルボン酸二無水物、1,2,3,4-テトラメチル-1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物、デカヒドロ-1,4:5,8-ジメタノナフタレン-2,3,6,7-テトラカルボン酸二無水物(DNDA)、5,5'-(1,4-phenylene)-bis[hexahydro-4,7-Methanoisobenzofuran-1,3-dione]、5,5’-ビス-2-ノルボルネン-5,5’,6,6’-テトラカルボン酸-5,5’,6,6’-二無水物、ノルボルナン-2-スピロ-α-シクロペンタノン-α’-スピロ-2’’-ノルボルナン-5,5’,6,6’-テトラカルボン酸無水物(CpODA)、2,2-プロピリデン-4,4’-ビス(シクロヘキサン-1,2-ジカルボン酸)二無水物、オキシ-4,4’-ビス(シクロヘキサン-1,2-ジカルボン酸)二無水物、ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクト-7-エン-2,3,5,6-テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ビシクロ[2.2.2]オクタン-2,3:5,6-テトラカルボン酸二無水物(BODA)、ビシクロ[4.4.0]デカン-2,3,6,7-テトラカルボン酸二無水物等が挙げられる。
 脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物としては、1,2,3,4-ブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物等が挙げられる。
 なお、本明細書において、芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物とは芳香環を1つ以上含むテトラカルボン酸二無水物を意味し、脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物とは脂環を1つ以上含み、かつ芳香環を含まないテトラカルボン酸二無水物を意味し、脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物とは芳香環も脂環も含まないテトラカルボン酸二無水物を意味する。
 任意に含まれるテトラカルボン酸二無水物は、1種でもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。
Examples of alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include cyclohexane-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclopentane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-cyclopentane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3',4,4'-bicyclohexyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutane tetracarboxylic dianhydride, decahydro-1,4:5,8-dimethanonaphthalene-2,3,6,7-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (DNDA), 5,5'-(1,4-phenylene)-bis[hexahydro-4,7-methanoisobenzofuran-1,3-dione], 5,5'-bis-2-norborane, and the like. ene-5,5',6,6'-tetracarboxylic acid-5,5',6,6'-dianhydride, norbornane-2-spiro-α-cyclopentanone-α'-spiro-2''-norbornane-5,5',6,6'-tetracarboxylic acid anhydride (CpODA), 2,2-propylidene-4,4'-bis(cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid) dianhydride, oxy-4,4'-bis(cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid) dianhydride, bicyclo[2.2.2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,3:5,6-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (BODA), bicyclo[4.4.0]decane-2,3,6,7-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride, and the like.
Examples of the aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride include 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride.
In this specification, the term "aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride" refers to a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride containing one or more aromatic rings, the term "alicyclic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride" refers to a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride containing one or more alicyclic rings but no aromatic rings, and the term "aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride" refers to a tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride containing neither an aromatic ring nor an alicyclic ring.
The optionally contained tetracarboxylic dianhydride may be one type or two or more types.

(ジアミン)
 前記ジアミンは、下記式(b1)で表される化合物を含む。また、前記ジアミンは、下記構造要素(c)を含まないことが好ましい。

Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000028

(式(c)中、Xはフッ素原子、水素原子又は炭素原子である。) (Diamine)
The diamine contains a compound represented by the following formula (b1): In addition, it is preferable that the diamine does not contain the following structural element (c).
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000028

(In formula (c), X is a fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom, or a carbon atom.)

 ジアミンが式(b1)で表される化合物を含むことによって、構造要素(c)で示されるペルフルオロアルキル構造やポリフルオロアルキル構造を含むことなく、ポリイミド樹脂の無色透明性や溶媒可溶性を維持しつつ、弾性率を高めることができる。
 式(b1)で表される化合物は、2,2’-ジメチルベンジジン(mTB)である。
When the diamine contains a compound represented by formula (b1), the elastic modulus can be increased while maintaining the colorless transparency and solvent solubility of the polyimide resin without containing a perfluoroalkyl structure or polyfluoroalkyl structure represented by the structural element (c).
The compound represented by formula (b1) is 2,2'-dimethylbenzidine (mTB).

 ジアミン中における式(b1)で表される化合物の比率は、好ましくは40~100モル%であり、より好ましくは50~100モル%であり、更に好ましくは70~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは80~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは85~100モル%であり、より更に好ましくは85~95モル%である。ジアミンは式(b1)で表される化合物のみからなっていてもよい。 The ratio of the compound represented by formula (b1) in the diamine is preferably 40 to 100 mol%, more preferably 50 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 70 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 80 to 100 mol%, even more preferably 85 to 100 mol%, and even more preferably 85 to 95 mol%. The diamine may consist only of the compound represented by formula (b1).

 ジアミンは、式(b1)で表される化合物のみからなっていてもよく、式(b1)で表される化合物以外のジアミンを含んでもよいが、好ましくは、式(b1)で表される化合物以外のジアミンとして、さらに下記式(b2)で表される化合物を含む。

Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000029

(式(b2)中、Rはそれぞれ独立して水素原子又はメチル基であり、Yは芳香環を含む炭素数12~30の2価の基であり、nは0又は1である。) The diamine may consist only of the compound represented by formula (b1), or may contain a diamine other than the compound represented by formula (b1). Preferably, however, the diamine other than the compound represented by formula (b1) further contains a compound represented by the following formula (b2):
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000029

(In formula (b2), each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Y is a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and n is 0 or 1.)

 式(b2)において、Rはそれぞれ独立して水素原子又はメチル基であり、Yは芳香環を含む炭素数12~30の2価の基であり、nは0又は1である。
 Rはそれぞれ独立して水素原子又はメチル基であるが、好ましくは水素原子であり、より好ましくは2つのRがいずれも水素原子である。
 nは0又は1であり、好ましくは1である。
 式(b2)において、2つのRがいずれも水素原子であり、nが0の場合、式(b2)で表される化合物は、4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリド(DABA)である。
 ジアミンが式(b2)で表される化合物のうち、4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリド(DABA)由来の構成単位を含むことによって、ポリイミド樹脂の高い弾性率を維持しつつ、無色透明性と伸びを向上することができる。
In formula (b2), each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Y is a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and n is 0 or 1.
Each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom, and more preferably both of the two R's are hydrogen atoms.
n is 0 or 1, preferably 1.
In formula (b2), when both of R are hydrogen atoms and n is 0, the compound represented by formula (b2) is 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide (DABA).
When the diamine contains a structural unit derived from 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide (DABA) among the compounds represented by formula (b2), it is possible to improve the colorless transparency and elongation while maintaining the high elastic modulus of the polyimide resin.

 式(b2)において、nが1の場合、式(b2)で表される化合物は、炭素数12~30の2価の基であるYを含む。
 Yは芳香環を含む炭素数12~30の2価の基であり、好ましくは芳香環を含む炭素数12~26の2価の基である。
 式(b2)で表される化合物のうち、nが1の場合の好ましい化合物として、下記式(b21)で表される化合物、下記式(b22)で表される化合物、下記式(b23)で表される化合物、及び下記式(b24)で表される化合物が挙げられる。
 式(b2)で表される化合物としては、好ましくは、下記式(b21)で表される化合物、下記式(b22)で表される化合物、下記式(b23)で表される化合物、及び下記式(b24)で表される化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、より好ましくは、下記式(b21)で表される化合物、下記式(b22)で表される化合物、及び下記式(b23)で表される化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、更に好ましくは、下記式(b21)で表される化合物、及び下記式(b23)で表される化合物からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つであり、より更に好ましくは、下記式(b21)で表される化合物である。

Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000030
In formula (b2), when n is 1, the compound represented by formula (b2) contains Y which is a divalent group having 12 to 30 carbon atoms.
Y is a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and is preferably a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 26 carbon atoms.
Among the compounds represented by formula (b2), preferred compounds when n is 1 include compounds represented by the following formula (b21), compounds represented by the following formula (b22), compounds represented by the following formula (b23), and compounds represented by the following formula (b24).
The compound represented by formula (b2) is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (b21), a compound represented by the following formula (b22), a compound represented by the following formula (b23), and a compound represented by the following formula (b24), more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (b21), a compound represented by the following formula (b22), and a compound represented by the following formula (b23), even more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a compound represented by the following formula (b21) and a compound represented by the following formula (b23), and still more preferably a compound represented by formula (b21).
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000030

 式(b21)で表される化合物は、N,N’-(2,2’-ジメチル[1,1’-ビフェニル]-4,4’-ジイル)ビス[4-アミノ-3-メチルベンズアミド](AMB-mTOL)である。
 ジアミンが式(b21)で表される化合物を含むことによって、ポリイミド樹脂の高い弾性率を維持しつつ、無色透明性と伸びを向上することができる。
 式(b22)で表される化合物は、N,N’-[(オクタヒドロ-1,3,5,7-テトラオキソベンゾ[1,2-c:4,5-c’]ジピロール-2,6(1H,3H)-ジイル)ビス(3-メトキシ-4,1-フェニレン)]ビス[4-アミノ-ベンズアミド](AB-MP-HPMDI)である。
 ジアミンが式(b22)で表される化合物を含むことによって、ポリイミド樹脂の高い弾性率を維持しつつ、無色透明性と伸びを向上することができる。
 式(b23)で表される化合物は、N,N’-(2,2’-ジメチル[1,1’-ビフェニル]-4,4’-ジイル)ビス[4-アミノ-ベンズアミド](AB-mTOL)である。
 ジアミンが式(b23)で表される化合物を含むことによって、ポリイミド樹脂の高い弾性率を維持しつつ、無色透明性と伸びを向上することができる。
 式(b24)で表される化合物は、N,N’-(オキシジ-4,1-フェニレン)ビス[4-アミノ-ベンスアミド](AB-44ODA)である。
 ジアミンが式(b24)で表される化合物を含むことによって、ポリイミド樹脂の高い弾性率を維持しつつ、無色透明性と伸びを向上することができる。
 以上のように、ジアミンが式(b2)で表される化合物を含むことによって、ポリイミド樹脂の高い弾性率を維持しつつ、無色透明性と伸びを向上することができる。
The compound represented by formula (b21) is N,N'-(2,2'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[4-amino-3-methylbenzamide] (AMB-mTOL).
When the diamine contains the compound represented by formula (b21), the colorless transparency and elongation of the polyimide resin can be improved while maintaining a high elastic modulus.
The compound represented by formula (b22) is N,N'-[(octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetraoxobenzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']dipyrrole-2,6(1H,3H)-diyl)bis(3-methoxy-4,1-phenylene)]bis[4-amino-benzamide] (AB-MP-HPMDI).
When the diamine contains the compound represented by formula (b22), the colorless transparency and elongation of the polyimide resin can be improved while maintaining a high elastic modulus.
The compound represented by formula (b23) is N,N'-(2,2'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[4-amino-benzamide] (AB-mTOL).
When the diamine contains the compound represented by formula (b23), the colorless transparency and elongation of the polyimide resin can be improved while maintaining a high elastic modulus.
The compound represented by formula (b24) is N,N'-(oxydi-4,1-phenylene)bis[4-amino-benzamide] (AB-44ODA).
When the diamine contains the compound represented by formula (b24), the colorless transparency and elongation of the polyimide resin can be improved while maintaining a high elastic modulus.
As described above, when the diamine contains the compound represented by formula (b2), it is possible to improve the colorless transparency and elongation while maintaining a high elastic modulus of the polyimide resin.

 ジアミン中における式(b2)で表される化合物の比率は、好ましくは1~60モル%であり、より好ましくは1~50モル%であり、更に好ましくは1~40モル%であり、より更に好ましくは1~30モル%であり、より更に好ましくは3~25モル%であり、より更に好ましくは3~20モル%であり、より更に好ましくは5~20モル%であり、より更に好ましくは5~15モル%である。ジアミン中における式(b2)で表される化合物の比率を上記範囲とすることによって、得られるポリイミド樹脂の高い弾性率を維持しつつ、無色透明性と伸びを向上することができる。 The ratio of the compound represented by formula (b2) in the diamine is preferably 1 to 60 mol%, more preferably 1 to 50 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 40 mol%, even more preferably 1 to 30 mol%, even more preferably 3 to 25 mol%, even more preferably 3 to 20 mol%, even more preferably 5 to 20 mol%, and even more preferably 5 to 15 mol%. By setting the ratio of the compound represented by formula (b2) in the diamine within the above range, it is possible to improve the colorless transparency and elongation while maintaining the high elastic modulus of the obtained polyimide resin.

 ジアミン中における、式(b2)で表される化合物に対する式(b1)で表される化合物のモル比[(b1)/(b2)]は、好ましくは40/60~99/1であり、より好ましくは50/50~99/1であり、更に好ましくは60/40~99/1であり、より更に好ましくは70/30~99/1であり、より更に好ましくは75/25~97/3であり、より更に好ましくは80/20~97/3であり、より更に好ましくは80/20~95/5であり、より更に好ましくは85/15~95/5である。
 ジアミン中における式(b2)で表される化合物に対する式(b1)で表される化合物のモル比を上記範囲とすることによって、得られるポリイミド樹脂の高い弾性率を維持しつつ、無色透明性と伸びを向上することができる。
The molar ratio of the compound represented by formula (b1) to the compound represented by formula (b2) in the diamine [(b1)/(b2)] is preferably 40/60 to 99/1, more preferably 50/50 to 99/1, even more preferably 60/40 to 99/1, still more preferably 70/30 to 99/1, still more preferably 75/25 to 97/3, still more preferably 80/20 to 97/3, still more preferably 80/20 to 95/5, and still more preferably 85/15 to 95/5.
By setting the molar ratio of the compound represented by formula (b1) to the compound represented by formula (b2) in the diamine within the above range, it is possible to improve the colorless transparency and elongation of the obtained polyimide resin while maintaining a high elastic modulus.

 ジアミン中における式(b1)で表される化合物及び式(b2)で表される化合物の比率の合計は、好ましくは70モル%以上であり、より好ましくは80モル%以上であり、更に好ましくは90モル%以上であり、また、好ましくは100モル%以下である。ジアミンは、式(b1)で表される化合物及び式(b2)で表される化合物のみであってもよい。 The total ratio of the compound represented by formula (b1) and the compound represented by formula (b2) in the diamine is preferably 70 mol% or more, more preferably 80 mol% or more, even more preferably 90 mol% or more, and preferably 100 mol% or less. The diamine may be composed of only the compound represented by formula (b1) and the compound represented by formula (b2).

 ジアミンは、式(b1)で表される化合物及び式(b2)で表される化合物以外のジアミンを含んでもよい。そのようなジアミンとしては、特に限定されないが、式(b1)で表される化合物を除き、式(b2)で表される化合物を除く芳香族ジアミン、脂環式ジアミン、及び脂肪族ジアミンが挙げられる。 The diamine may include a diamine other than the compound represented by formula (b1) and the compound represented by formula (b2). Such diamines are not particularly limited, but include aromatic diamines, alicyclic diamines, and aliphatic diamines, excluding the compound represented by formula (b1) and the compound represented by formula (b2).

 前記化合物以外の芳香族ジアミンとしては、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン(4,4’-DDS)、3,3’-ジアミノジフェニルスルホン(3,3’-DDS)、オクタフルオロベンジジン(8FBZ)、2,3,5,6-テトラフルオロベンゼン-1,4-ジアミン、2,4,5,6-テトラフルオロベンゼン-1,3-ジアミン、ビス(4-アミノフェニル)テレフタレート(APTP)、1,4-ビス(4-アミノベンゾイルオキシ)ベンゼン、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル(4,4’-ODA)、3,4’-ジアミノジフェニルエーテル、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルメタン(DDM)、9,9-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)フルオレン(BAFL)、4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル(ベンジジン)、4,4’-ジアミノ-3,3’-ジメチルビフェニル、4,4’-ジアミノジフェニルスルフィド、4,4’-ジアミノベンゾフェノン、2,2-ビス(3-アミノフェニル)プロパン、2,2-ビス(4-アミノフェニル)プロパン、5-アミノ-1,3,3-トリメチル-1-(4-アミノフェニル)-インダン(5-TMDM)、6-アミノ-1,3,3-トリメチル-1-(4-アミノフェニル)-インダン(6-TMDM)、1,3-ビス(3-アミノ-α,α-ジメチルベンジル)ベンゼン、1,3-ビス(4-アミノ-α,α-ジメチルベンジル)ベンゼン(BisAM)、1,4-ビス(4-アミノ-α,α-ジメチルベンジル)ベンゼン(BisAP)、4,4’-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)ビフェニル、4,4’-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ビフェニル(BODA)、1,1-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]シクロヘキサン、2,2-ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]プロパン(BAPP)、1,4-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、1,4-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、1,3-ビス(3-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、1,3-ビス(4-アミノフェノキシ)ベンゼン、ビス[4-(3-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]ケトン、ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]ケトン、ビス[4-(3-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]スルフィド、ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]スルフィド、ビス[4-(3-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]エーテル、ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]エーテル、ビス[4-(3-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]スルホン、ビス[4-(4-アミノフェノキシ)フェニル]スルホン、4,4-ジアミノベンズアニリド、4-アミノ安息香酸-4-アミノフェニル、3,4-ジアミノベンズアニリド等が挙げられる。 Aromatic diamines other than the above compounds include 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (4,4'-DDS), 3,3'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (3,3'-DDS), octafluorobenzidine (8FBZ), 2,3,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene-1,4-diamine, 2,4,5,6-tetrafluorobenzene-1,3-diamine, bis(4-aminophenyl)terephthalate (APTP), 1,4-bis(4-aminobenzoyloxy)benzene, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether (4,4'-ODA), 3,4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM), 9, 9-bis(4-aminophenyl)fluorene (BAFL), 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl (benzidine), 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dimethylbiphenyl, 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfide, 4,4'-diaminobenzophenone, 2,2-bis(3-aminophenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-aminophenyl)propane, 5-amino-1,3,3-trimethyl-1-(4-aminophenyl)-indan (5-TMDM), 6-amino-1,3,3-trimethyl-1-(4-aminophenyl)-indan (6-TMDM), 1,3-bis(3-amino-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)benzene, 1,3-bis (4-amino-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)benzene (BisAM), 1,4-bis(4-amino-α,α-dimethylbenzyl)benzene (BisAP), 4,4'-bis(3-aminophenoxy)biphenyl, 4,4'-bis(4-aminophenoxy)biphenyl (BODA), 1,1-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]cyclohexane, 2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]propane (BAPP), 1,4-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,4-bis(4-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,3-bis(3-aminophenoxy)benzene, 1,3-bis(4-aminophenoxy) C) Benzene, bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]ketone, bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]ketone, bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfide, bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfide, bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]ether, bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]ether, bis[4-(3-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone, bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]sulfone, 4,4-diaminobenzanilide, 4-aminobenzoic acid-4-aminophenyl, 3,4-diaminobenzanilide, etc.

 脂環式ジアミンとしては、1,3-ビス(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン(1,3-BAC)、1,4-ビス(アミノメチル)シクロヘキサン、1,3-シクロヘキシルジアミン、1,4-シクロヘキシルジアミン、イソホロンジアミン、ビス(アミノメチル)ノルボルナン、4,4’-ジアミノジシクロヘキシルメタン、4,4’-ジアミノジシクロヘキシルエーテル、2,2-ビス(4-アミノシクロヘキシル)プロパン等が挙げられる。
 脂肪族ジアミンとしては、エチレンジアミン及びヘキサメチレンジアミン等が挙げられる。
 なお、本明細書において、芳香族ジアミンとは芳香環を1つ以上含むジアミンを意味し、脂環式ジアミンとは脂環を1つ以上含み、かつ芳香環を含まないジアミンを意味し、脂肪族ジアミンとは芳香環も脂環も含まないジアミンを意味する。
 任意に含まれるジアミンは、1種でもよいし、2種以上であってもよい。
Examples of the alicyclic diamine include 1,3-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane (1,3-BAC), 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane, 1,3-cyclohexyldiamine, 1,4-cyclohexyldiamine, isophoronediamine, bis(aminomethyl)norbornane, 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane, 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexyl ether, and 2,2-bis(4-aminocyclohexyl)propane.
Aliphatic diamines include ethylenediamine and hexamethylenediamine.
In this specification, an aromatic diamine means a diamine containing one or more aromatic rings, an alicyclic diamine means a diamine containing one or more alicyclic rings but no aromatic rings, and an aliphatic diamine means a diamine containing neither an aromatic ring nor an alicyclic ring.
The optionally contained diamine may be one type or two or more types.

(イミド化条件)
 本発明のポリイミド樹脂の製造方法は、前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物と、前記ジアミンとを、イミド化する工程を有するが、以下の条件でイミド化反応を行うことが好ましい。
(Imidization conditions)
The method for producing a polyimide resin of the present invention includes a step of imidizing the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine, and it is preferable to carry out the imidization reaction under the following conditions.

 本工程において、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンの仕込み量比は、テトラカルボン酸二無水物1モルに対してジアミンが0.9~1.1モルであることが好ましい。 In this process, the ratio of the amounts of tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine charged is preferably 0.9 to 1.1 moles of diamine per mole of tetracarboxylic dianhydride.

 また、本工程において、テトラカルボン酸二無水物及びジアミンの他に、末端封止剤を用いてもよい。末端封止剤としてはモノアミン類あるいはジカルボン酸類が好ましい。導入される末端封止剤の仕込み量としては、テトラカルボン酸二無水物1モルに対して0.0001~0.1モルが好ましく、0.001~0.06モルがより好ましい。モノアミン類末端封止剤としては、例えば、メチルアミン、エチルアミン、プロピルアミン、ブチルアミン、ベンジルアミン、4-メチルベンジルアミン、4-エチルベンジルアミン、4-ドデシルベンジルアミン、3-メチルベンジルアミン、3-エチルベンジルアミン、アニリン、3-メチルアニリン、4-メチルアニリン等が挙げられ、ベンジルアミン、アニリンが好ましい。ジカルボン酸類末端封止剤としては、ジカルボン酸類が好ましく、その一部を閉環していてもよい。例えば、フタル酸、無水フタル酸、4-クロロフタル酸、テトラフルオロフタル酸、2,3-ベンゾフェノンジカルボン酸、3,4-ベンゾフェノンジカルボン酸、シクロヘキサン-1,2-ジカルボン酸、シクロペンタン-1,2-ジカルボン酸、4-シクロヘキセン-1,2-ジカルボン酸等が挙げられ、フタル酸、無水フタル酸が好ましい。 In addition to the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine, a terminal blocking agent may be used in this process. Monoamines or dicarboxylic acids are preferred as terminal blocking agents. The amount of terminal blocking agent introduced is preferably 0.0001 to 0.1 mol, more preferably 0.001 to 0.06 mol, per 1 mol of tetracarboxylic dianhydride. Examples of monoamine terminal blocking agents include methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, benzylamine, 4-methylbenzylamine, 4-ethylbenzylamine, 4-dodecylbenzylamine, 3-methylbenzylamine, 3-ethylbenzylamine, aniline, 3-methylaniline, and 4-methylaniline, with benzylamine and aniline being preferred. Dicarboxylic acids are preferred as dicarboxylic acid terminal blocking agents, and a portion of the dicarboxylic acid terminal blocking agent may be ring-closed. Examples include phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, 4-chlorophthalic acid, tetrafluorophthalic acid, 2,3-benzophenone dicarboxylic acid, 3,4-benzophenone dicarboxylic acid, cyclohexane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, cyclopentane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, and 4-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid, with phthalic acid and phthalic anhydride being preferred.

 テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンとを反応させる方法には特に制限はなく、公知の方法を用いることができる。
 具体的な反応方法としては、(1)テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ジアミン、及び有機溶媒を反応器に仕込み、0~80℃で0.5~30時間撹拌し、その後に昇温してイミド化反応を行う方法、(2)ジアミン及び有機溶媒を反応器に仕込んで溶解させた後、テトラカルボン酸二無水物を仕込み、必要に応じて0~80℃で0.5~30時間撹拌し、その後に昇温してイミド化反応を行う方法、(3)テトラカルボン酸二無水物、ジアミン、及び有機溶媒を反応器に仕込み、直ちに昇温してイミド化反応を行う方法等が挙げられる。
The method for reacting the tetracarboxylic dianhydride with the diamine is not particularly limited, and any known method can be used.
Specific reaction methods include (1) a method in which a tetracarboxylic dianhydride, a diamine, and an organic solvent are charged into a reactor, and the mixture is stirred at 0 to 80° C. for 0.5 to 30 hours, and then the temperature is raised to carry out an imidization reaction; (2) a method in which a diamine and an organic solvent are charged into a reactor and dissolved, and then a tetracarboxylic dianhydride is charged, and the mixture is stirred at 0 to 80° C. for 0.5 to 30 hours as necessary, and then the temperature is raised to carry out an imidization reaction; and (3) a method in which a tetracarboxylic dianhydride, a diamine, and an organic solvent are charged into a reactor, and the temperature is immediately raised to carry out an imidization reaction.

 イミド化反応では、ディーンスターク装置などを用いて、製造時に生成する水を除去しながら反応を行うことが好ましい。このような操作を行うことで、重合度及びイミド化率をより上昇させることができる。 In the imidization reaction, it is preferable to use a Dean-Stark apparatus or the like to carry out the reaction while removing the water generated during production. By carrying out such an operation, it is possible to further increase the degree of polymerization and the imidization rate.

 イミド化反応の温度は、反応率及びゲル化等の抑制の観点から、好ましくは120~250℃、より好ましくは160~200℃である。また、反応時間は、生成水の留出開始後、好ましくは0.5~10時間である。 The temperature of the imidization reaction is preferably 120 to 250°C, more preferably 160 to 200°C, from the viewpoint of reaction rate and suppression of gelation, etc. The reaction time is preferably 0.5 to 10 hours after the start of distillation of the generated water.

[ポリイミドワニス]
 本発明のポリイミドワニスは、本発明のポリイミド樹脂が有機溶媒に溶解してなるものである。すなわち、本発明のポリイミドワニスは、本発明のポリイミド樹脂及び有機溶媒を含み、当該ポリイミド樹脂は当該有機溶媒に溶解している。
 有機溶媒はポリイミド樹脂が溶解するものであればよく、特に限定されないが、ポリイミド樹脂の製造に用いられる有機溶媒として上述した化合物を、単独又は2種以上を混合して用いることが好ましい。
 本発明のポリイミドワニスは、前記のように有機溶媒中で重合及びイミド化を行って得られるポリイミド樹脂の溶液そのものであってもよいし、又は当該ポリイミド溶液に対して更に有機溶媒を追加して希釈したものであってもよい。
[Polyimide varnish]
The polyimide varnish of the present invention is obtained by dissolving the polyimide resin of the present invention in an organic solvent. That is, the polyimide varnish of the present invention contains the polyimide resin of the present invention and an organic solvent, and the polyimide resin is dissolved in the organic solvent.
The organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the polyimide resin. However, it is preferable to use the above-mentioned compounds as the organic solvent used in the production of the polyimide resin, either alone or in combination of two or more kinds.
The polyimide varnish of the present invention may be a solution of a polyimide resin obtained by carrying out polymerization and imidization in an organic solvent as described above, or may be a solution obtained by diluting the polyimide solution by further adding an organic solvent.

 本発明のポリイミド樹脂は溶媒溶解性を有しているため、室温で安定な高濃度のワニスとすることができる。本発明のポリイミドワニスは、本発明のポリイミド樹脂を5~40質量%含むことが好ましく、8~30質量%含むことがより好ましく、10~20質量%含むことが更に好ましい。ポリイミドワニスの粘度は1~200Pa・sが好ましく、1~100Pa・sがより好ましい。ポリイミドワニスの粘度は、E型粘度計を用いて25℃で測定される値である。
 また、本発明のポリイミドワニスは、ポリイミド樹脂及びポリイミドフィルムの要求特性を損なわない範囲で、無機フィラー、接着促進剤、剥離剤、難燃剤、紫外線安定剤、酸化防止剤、界面活性剤、レベリング剤、消泡剤、蛍光増白剤、架橋剤、重合開始剤、感光剤等各種添加剤を含んでもよい。
 本発明のポリイミドワニスの製造方法は特に限定されず、公知の方法を適用することができる。
Since the polyimide resin of the present invention has solvent solubility, it can be made into a highly concentrated varnish that is stable at room temperature. The polyimide varnish of the present invention preferably contains 5 to 40 mass %, more preferably 8 to 30 mass %, and even more preferably 10 to 20 mass % of the polyimide resin of the present invention. The viscosity of the polyimide varnish is preferably 1 to 200 Pa·s, more preferably 1 to 100 Pa·s. The viscosity of the polyimide varnish is a value measured at 25°C using an E-type viscometer.
In addition, the polyimide varnish of the present invention may contain various additives such as inorganic fillers, adhesion promoters, release agents, flame retardants, UV stabilizers, antioxidants, surfactants, leveling agents, defoamers, fluorescent brightening agents, crosslinking agents, polymerization initiators, and photosensitizers, as long as the additives do not impair the required properties of the polyimide resin and polyimide film.
The method for producing the polyimide varnish of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any known method can be applied.

 有機溶媒はポリイミド樹脂が溶解するものであればよく、特に限定されないが、ポリイミド樹脂の製造に用いられる有機溶媒として上述した化合物を、単独又は2種以上を混合して用いることが好ましい。なかでもラクトン系溶媒及びアミド系溶媒からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つが好ましく、ラクトン系溶媒がより好ましく、ラクトン系溶媒とアミド系溶媒を両方含むことが更に好ましい。γ-ブチロラクトン(GBL)及びN,N-ジメチルアセトアミドからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つがより好ましく、γ-ブチロラクトン(GBL)が更に好ましく、γ-ブチロラクトン(GBL)とN,N-ジメチルアセトアミドを両方含むことがより更に好ましい。上記溶媒を含むことによって、ポリイミド樹脂の溶解性と塗布性が向上する。
 ポリイミドワニスに含まれる有機溶媒として、γ-ブチロラクトンのみを含んでもよいが、前記ポリイミドワニスは、γ-ブチロラクトンを、ポリイミドワニス全量に対して、20質量%以上含むことが好ましく、20~90質量%含むことがより好ましく、20~70質量%含むことが更に好ましく、20~60質量%含むことがより更に好ましく、20~50質量%含むことがより更に好ましく、30~50質量%含むことがより更に好ましく、30~45質量%含むことがより更に好ましい。
 また、ポリイミドワニスに含まれる有機溶媒は、γ-ブチロラクトンを、有機溶媒全量に対して、30質量%以上含むことが好ましく、30~95質量%含むことがより好ましく、30~80質量%含むことが更に好ましく、30~70質量%含むことがより更に好ましく、35~60質量%含むことがより更に好ましく、35~50質量%含むことがより更に好ましい。
The organic solvent is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the polyimide resin, but it is preferable to use the above-mentioned compounds as the organic solvent used in the production of the polyimide resin, either alone or in a mixture of two or more kinds. Among them, at least one selected from the group consisting of lactone solvents and amide solvents is preferable, lactone solvents are more preferable, and it is even more preferable to contain both lactone solvents and amide solvents. At least one selected from the group consisting of γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and N,N-dimethylacetamide is more preferable, γ-butyrolactone (GBL) is more preferable, and it is even more preferable to contain both γ-butyrolactone (GBL) and N,N-dimethylacetamide. By including the above-mentioned solvent, the solubility and coatability of the polyimide resin are improved.
The organic solvent contained in the polyimide varnish may contain only γ-butyrolactone, but the polyimide varnish preferably contains 20 mass % or more of γ-butyrolactone, more preferably 20 to 90 mass %, even more preferably 20 to 70 mass %, even more preferably 20 to 60 mass %, even more preferably 20 to 50 mass %, even more preferably 30 to 50 mass %, and even more preferably 30 to 45 mass %, based on the total amount of the polyimide varnish.
Furthermore, the organic solvent contained in the polyimide varnish preferably contains 30% by mass or more of γ-butyrolactone, based on the total amount of the organic solvent, more preferably contains 30 to 95% by mass, even more preferably contains 30 to 80% by mass, even more preferably contains 30 to 70% by mass, even more preferably contains 35 to 60% by mass, and even more preferably contains 35 to 50% by mass.

 ポリイミドワニスに含まれる有機溶媒として、前記ポリイミドワニスは、アミド系溶媒を、ポリイミドワニス全量に対して、1質量%以上含むことが好ましく、5~70質量%含むことがより好ましく、20~70質量%含むことが更に好ましく、25~70質量%含むことがより更に好ましく、35~70質量%含むことがより更に好ましく、35~60質量%含むことがより更に好ましく、40~60質量%含むことがより更に好ましい。
 また、ポリイミドワニスに含まれる有機溶媒は、アミド系溶媒を、有機溶媒全量に対して、1質量%以上含むことが好ましく、5~70質量%含むことがより好ましく、20~70質量%含むことが更に好ましく、30~70質量%含むことがより更に好ましく、40~65質量%含むことがより更に好ましく、50~65質量%含むことがより更に好ましい。
As the organic solvent contained in the polyimide varnish, the polyimide varnish preferably contains an amide solvent in an amount of 1% by mass or more, more preferably 5 to 70% by mass, even more preferably 20 to 70% by mass, even more preferably 25 to 70% by mass, even more preferably 35 to 70% by mass, even more preferably 35 to 60% by mass, and even more preferably 40 to 60% by mass, based on the total amount of the polyimide varnish.
Furthermore, the organic solvent contained in the polyimide varnish preferably contains an amide solvent in an amount of 1% by mass or more, more preferably 5 to 70% by mass, even more preferably 20 to 70% by mass, even more preferably 30 to 70% by mass, even more preferably 40 to 65% by mass, and even more preferably 50 to 65% by mass, based on the total amount of the organic solvent.

[ポリイミドフィルム]
 本発明のポリイミドフィルムは、前記ポリイミド樹脂を含む。したがって、本発明のポリイミドフィルムは、ペルフルオロアルキル構造やポリフルオロアルキル構造を含むことなく、無色透明性に優れ、高弾性率を有しつつも伸びにも優れる。
[Polyimide film]
The polyimide film of the present invention contains the polyimide resin described above. Therefore, the polyimide film of the present invention does not contain a perfluoroalkyl structure or a polyfluoroalkyl structure, and is excellent in colorless transparency, high elastic modulus, and elongation.

 本発明のポリイミドフィルムが有する好適な物性値は以下の通りである。
 本発明のポリイミドフィルムは、好ましくは、厚さ50μmとしたときの、YIが7.5以下であり、全光線透過率が80%以上であり、ヘイズが1.0%以下であり、23℃50%RHの環境下、試験片50μm×10mm×120mm、引張速度20mm/分、チャック間距離50mmの条件で行う引張試験による引張破壊点伸びが5%以上であり、前記引張試験によって得られる応力-ひずみ曲線においてひずみ0.1mmから0.5mmまでの区間の最小二乗法による傾きとして算出される引張弾性率が3.8GPa以上である。以下により詳細に説明する。
The polyimide film of the present invention preferably has the following physical properties.
The polyimide film of the present invention preferably has a YI of 7.5 or less, a total light transmittance of 80% or more, a haze of 1.0% or less, a tensile elongation at break of 5% or more in a tensile test performed under conditions of 23° C. and 50% RH, a test piece of 50 μm×10 mm×120 mm, a tensile speed of 20 mm/min, and a chuck distance of 50 mm, and a tensile modulus of elasticity of 3.8 GPa or more calculated as the slope of the stress-strain curve obtained by the tensile test in the section from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm strain by the least squares method. These will be described in more detail below.

 厚さ50μmとしたときのYIは、好ましくは7.5以下であり、より好ましくは7.2以下であり、更に好ましくは5.0以下であり、より更に好ましくは4.0以下であり、より更に好ましくは3.0以下であり、より更に好ましくは2.0以下である。 When the thickness is 50 μm, the YI is preferably 7.5 or less, more preferably 7.2 or less, even more preferably 5.0 or less, even more preferably 4.0 or less, even more preferably 3.0 or less, and even more preferably 2.0 or less.

 厚さ50μmとしたときの全光線透過率は、好ましくは80%以上であり、より好ましくは85%以上であり、更に好ましくは86%以上であり、より更に好ましくは87%以上であり、より更に好ましくは88%以上である。 When the thickness is 50 μm, the total light transmittance is preferably 80% or more, more preferably 85% or more, even more preferably 86% or more, even more preferably 87% or more, and even more preferably 88% or more.

 厚さ50μmとしたときのヘイズは、好ましくは1.0%以下であり、より好ましくは0.9%以下であり、更に好ましくは0.6%以下であり、より更に好ましくは0.5%以下であり、より更に好ましくは0.4%以下であり、より更に好ましくは0.3%以下であり、より更に好ましくは0.2%以下である。 When the thickness is 50 μm, the haze is preferably 1.0% or less, more preferably 0.9% or less, even more preferably 0.6% or less, even more preferably 0.5% or less, even more preferably 0.4% or less, even more preferably 0.3% or less, and even more preferably 0.2% or less.

 23℃50%RHの環境下、試験片50μm×10mm×120mm、引張速度20mm/分、チャック間距離50mmの条件で行う引張試験による引張破壊点伸びは、好ましくは5%以上であり、より好ましくは6%以上であり、更に好ましくは7%以上であり、より更に好ましくは8%以上であり、より更に好ましくは9%以上であり、より更に好ましくは10%以上であり、より更に好ましくは11%以上である。 The tensile elongation at break in a tensile test performed under conditions of 23°C 50% RH, test piece 50μm x 10mm x 120mm, tensile speed 20mm/min, and chuck distance 50mm is preferably 5% or more, more preferably 6% or more, even more preferably 7% or more, even more preferably 8% or more, even more preferably 9% or more, even more preferably 10% or more, and even more preferably 11% or more.

 23℃50%RHの環境下、試験片50μm×10mm×120mm、引張速度20mm/分、チャック間距離50mmの条件で行う引張試験によって得られる応力-ひずみ曲線においてひずみ0.1mmから0.5mmまでの区間の最小二乗法による傾きとして算出される引張弾性率は、好ましくは3.8GPa以上であり、より好ましくは3.9GPa以上であり、更に好ましくは4.0GPa以上であり、より更に好ましくは4.1GPa以上であり、より更に好ましくは4.2GPa以上であり、より更に好ましくは4.3GPa以上である。
 なお、本発明における上述の物性値は、具体的には実施例に記載の方法で測定することができる。
The tensile modulus, calculated as the slope of the least squares method in the section from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm in a stress-strain curve obtained by a tensile test performed under conditions of an environment of 23°C and 50% RH, a test piece of 50 μm × 10 mm × 120 mm, a tensile speed of 20 mm/min, and a chuck distance of 50 mm, is preferably 3.8 GPa or more, more preferably 3.9 GPa or more, even more preferably 4.0 GPa or more, still more preferably 4.1 GPa or more, still more preferably 4.2 GPa or more, and still more preferably 4.3 GPa or more.
The above-mentioned physical properties in the present invention can be specifically measured by the methods described in the Examples.

 本発明のポリイミドフィルムは、前記ポリイミド樹脂を含み、ペルフルオロアルキル構造やポリフルオロアルキル構造を含むことなく、無色透明性に優れ、高弾性率を有しつつも伸びにも優れる。したがって、本発明のポリイミドフィルムは、光学材料や電子材料、とりわけディスプレイの材料として好適に用いられる。 The polyimide film of the present invention contains the polyimide resin, does not contain a perfluoroalkyl structure or a polyfluoroalkyl structure, and is colorless and transparent, has a high elastic modulus, and is also excellent in elongation. Therefore, the polyimide film of the present invention is suitable for use as an optical material or electronic material, particularly as a display material.

 本発明のポリイミドフィルムの厚さには特に制限はないが、好ましくは1~250μmであり、より好ましくは5~100μmであり、更に好ましくは8~80μmであり、より更に好ましくは10~80μmである。フィルムの厚さが上記範囲であると、光学材料や電子材料、とりわけディスプレイの材料として好適に用いることができる。
 ポリイミドフィルムの厚さは、ワニスの固形分濃度や粘度を調整することにより、容易に制御することができる。
The thickness of the polyimide film of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 250 μm, more preferably 5 to 100 μm, even more preferably 8 to 80 μm, and still more preferably 10 to 80 μm. When the film thickness is within the above range, it can be suitably used as an optical material or electronic material, particularly as a display material.
The thickness of the polyimide film can be easily controlled by adjusting the solids concentration and viscosity of the varnish.

<ポリイミドフィルムの製造方法>
 本発明のポリイミドフィルムの製造方法には特に制限はなく、公知の方法を用いることができる。たとえば、ポリイミドワニスを支持体上に塗布して乾燥することで得ることができる。このような方法のなかでも、次に示す製造方法が好ましい。
 すなわち、前記ポリイミドワニスを支持体上に塗布して塗布膜を得る塗布工程と、前記塗布膜を乾燥し、支持体から剥離して自己支持性フィルムを得る一次乾燥工程と、前記自己支持性フィルムを210℃、好ましくは220℃以上で乾燥する二次乾燥工程を有する、ポリイミドフィルムの製造方法が好ましい。
<Method of manufacturing polyimide film>
The method for producing the polyimide film of the present invention is not particularly limited, and any known method can be used. For example, the polyimide film can be obtained by applying a polyimide varnish onto a support and drying it. Among these methods, the following production method is preferred.
That is, a preferred method for producing a polyimide film includes a coating step of coating the polyimide varnish on a support to obtain a coating film, a primary drying step of drying the coating film and peeling it off from the support to obtain a self-supporting film, and a secondary drying step of drying the self-supporting film at 210° C., preferably 220° C. or higher.

 塗布工程は、ポリイミドワニスを支持体上に塗布して塗布膜を得る工程である。
 支持体としては、平滑な面を有する、ガラス板、金属板、金属ドラム、金属ベルト、プラスチックフィルムが好ましく、ガラス板又はプラスチックフィルムがより好ましく、プラスチックフィルムが更に好ましい。また、生産性向上の観点から、支持体として、金属ドラム、金属ベルト等の無端支持体、または長尺プラスチックフィルム等を用い、Roll-to-Rollによりポリイミドフィルムを製造することが好ましい。
 塗布方法としては、スピンコート、スリットコート、ブレードコート、ダイコート等の公知の塗布方法が挙げられ、特定制限なく適用できる。ガラス棒やコーター等を用いてもよい。
 塗布の厚さは、乾燥後のポリイミドフィルムの厚さで、好ましくは1~250μm、より好ましくは5~100μm、更に好ましくは8~80μm、より更に好ましくは10~80μmとなるように塗布することが好ましい。
 前記支持体の表面には、必要に応じて、予め離型剤を塗布しておいてもよい。
The coating step is a step of applying a polyimide varnish onto a support to obtain a coating film.
The support is preferably a glass plate, a metal plate, a metal drum, a metal belt, or a plastic film having a smooth surface, more preferably a glass plate or a plastic film, and even more preferably a plastic film. From the viewpoint of improving productivity, it is preferable to use an endless support such as a metal drum or a metal belt, or a long plastic film as the support, and produce the polyimide film by a roll-to-roll method.
Examples of the coating method include known coating methods such as spin coating, slit coating, blade coating, and die coating, and can be applied without any particular limitation. A glass rod, a coater, or the like may also be used.
The coating thickness is preferably 1 to 250 μm, more preferably 5 to 100 μm, even more preferably 8 to 80 μm, and still more preferably 10 to 80 μm, in terms of the thickness of the polyimide film after drying.
If necessary, a release agent may be applied in advance to the surface of the support.

 一次乾燥工程は、前記塗布膜を乾燥し、支持体から剥離して自己支持性フィルムを得る工程である。
 一次乾燥は、自己支持性フィルムを得るために有機溶媒の一部を除去する工程であり、支持体上の塗布膜を加熱することで有機溶媒を除去する。
 有機溶媒を除去する際の温度は、好ましくは50~140℃であり、より好ましくは50~120℃である。長時間の加熱を抑制するために、徐々に温度を上げて行ってもよい。その場合の、1回目の温度は、好ましくは50~90℃であり、より好ましくは50~70℃である。最後の温度は、好ましくは80~140℃であり、より好ましくは90~120℃である。有機溶媒の除去は、窒素雰囲気下で行うことが好ましい。有機溶媒の除去は、減圧、常圧、加圧のいずれで行ってもよい。
 得られたフィルムを支持体より剥離する。剥離後のフィルムは自己支持性を有する。
The primary drying step is a step in which the coating film is dried and peeled off from the support to obtain a self-supporting film.
The primary drying is a step of removing a part of the organic solvent to obtain a self-supporting film, and the organic solvent is removed by heating the coating film on the support.
The temperature when removing the organic solvent is preferably 50 to 140°C, more preferably 50 to 120°C. In order to prevent heating for a long time, the temperature may be gradually increased. In this case, the first temperature is preferably 50 to 90°C, more preferably 50 to 70°C. The final temperature is preferably 80 to 140°C, more preferably 90 to 120°C. The organic solvent is preferably removed under a nitrogen atmosphere. The organic solvent may be removed under reduced pressure, normal pressure, or increased pressure.
The resulting film is peeled off from the support, and after peeling, the film has self-supporting properties.

 二次乾燥工程は、前記自己支持性フィルムを210℃以上で乾燥する工程である。
 前工程で得られた自己支持性フィルムの端部を固定し、210℃以上で乾燥する。
 二次乾燥の温度は、好ましくは210~300℃であり、より好ましくは210~280℃であり、更に好ましくは210~260℃であり、より更に好ましくは220~260℃であり、より更に好ましくは220~240℃である。二次乾燥の温度を上記範囲とすることによって、弾性率を高めることができ、更に無色透明性と高弾性率を両立することができる。
 二次乾燥は、窒素雰囲気下で行うことが好ましい。二次乾燥は、減圧、常圧、加圧のいずれの圧力で行ってもよい。
 また、二次乾燥の時間は、上記温度によって適宜調整すればよいが、3~60分間であることが好ましく、5~60分間であることがより好ましく、5~30分間であることが更に好ましく、5~20分間であることがより更に好ましい。
 無色透明性をより向上させる観点からは、3~30分間であることが好ましく、3~20分間であることがより好ましく、3~15分間であることが更に好ましく、5~15分間であることがより更に好ましい。
 一方、弾性率をより向上させる観点からは、10~50分間であることがより好ましく、15~40分間であることが更に好ましく、17~28分間であることがより更に好ましい。
 二次乾燥後には、冷却するが、アニーリングを行ってもよい。
The secondary drying step is a step of drying the self-supporting film at 210° C. or higher.
The edges of the self-supporting film obtained in the previous step are fixed and dried at 210° C. or higher.
The temperature of the secondary drying is preferably 210 to 300° C., more preferably 210 to 280° C., even more preferably 210 to 260° C., still more preferably 220 to 260° C., and even more preferably 220 to 240° C. By setting the temperature of the secondary drying within the above range, the elastic modulus can be increased, and furthermore, both colorless transparency and high elastic modulus can be achieved.
The secondary drying is preferably carried out under a nitrogen atmosphere, and may be carried out under any of reduced pressure, normal pressure, and increased pressure.
The secondary drying time may be appropriately adjusted depending on the above temperature, but is preferably 3 to 60 minutes, more preferably 5 to 60 minutes, even more preferably 5 to 30 minutes, and even more preferably 5 to 20 minutes.
From the viewpoint of further improving the colorless transparency, the time is preferably from 3 to 30 minutes, more preferably from 3 to 20 minutes, even more preferably from 3 to 15 minutes, and even more preferably from 5 to 15 minutes.
On the other hand, from the viewpoint of further improving the elastic modulus, the time is more preferably from 10 to 50 minutes, even more preferably from 15 to 40 minutes, and even more preferably from 17 to 28 minutes.
After secondary drying, the product is cooled and may be annealed.

 以下に、実施例により本発明を具体的に説明する。但し、本発明はこれらの実施例により何ら制限されるものではない。 The present invention will be specifically explained below with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited in any way to these examples.

[ポリイミド樹脂の構造]
 実施例及び比較例で得たポリイミド樹脂の構造分析を以下に示す方法によって行った。
[Polyimide resin structure]
The structures of the polyimide resins obtained in the examples and comparative examples were analyzed by the following method.

(1)シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物(HPMDA)に由来するトランス型構造の比率(HPMDAトランス構造比率)
 ポリイミド樹脂のシクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来するトランス型構造の比率は、ポリイミド樹脂のH-NMRスペクトルを測定することによって以下のように算出した。
 H-NMRスペクトル測定は、NMR分光光度計(ASCEndTM500、BRUKER CORPORATION製)を用い、ポリイミド樹脂の重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド溶液を用いて測定した。下記シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸部分に由来するピークの積分値から、シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来するトランス型構造の比率を算出した。
(1) Ratio of trans structure derived from cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (HPMDA) (HPMDA trans structure ratio)
The ratio of the trans structure derived from cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride in the polyimide resin was calculated as follows by measuring the 1 H-NMR spectrum of the polyimide resin.
The 1 H-NMR spectrum was measured using an NMR spectrophotometer (ASCEnd 500, manufactured by BRUKER CORPORATION) and a deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide solution of the polyimide resin. The ratio of the trans structure derived from cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride was calculated from the integral value of the peak derived from the cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid moiety shown below.

H NMR(DMSO-d
 A=δ2.179ppmからδ2.279ppmの範囲にあるピークの積分値(トランス-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸プロトン(3位,6位)、4H)
 B=δ2.279ppmからδ2.391ppmの範囲にあるピークの積分値(シス-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸プロトン(3位,6位)、4H)
  トランス型構造の比率(mol%)=A/(A+B)×100
1H NMR (DMSO- d6 )
A = integral value of the peak in the range of δ 2.179 ppm to δ 2.279 ppm (trans-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid protons (3-position, 6-position), 4H)
B = integral value of the peak in the range from δ 2.279 ppm to δ 2.391 ppm (cis-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid protons (3rd and 6th positions), 4H)
Ratio of trans structure (mol%)=A/(A+B)×100

[ポリイミドフィルム(ポリイミド樹脂)の評価]
 実施例及び比較例で得たポリイミドフィルム(ポリイミド樹脂)の各物性の測定及び評価を以下に示す方法によって行った。
[Evaluation of Polyimide Film (Polyimide Resin)]
The physical properties of the polyimide films (polyimide resins) obtained in the examples and comparative examples were measured and evaluated by the methods described below.

(1)ポリイミドフィルム厚さ
 ポリイミドフィルムの厚さは、株式会社ミツトヨ製のマイクロメーターを用いて測定した。
(1) Polyimide Film Thickness The thickness of the polyimide film was measured using a micrometer manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation.

(2)引張弾性率、引張強度、及び引張破断伸び
 引張弾性率、引張強度、及び引張破断伸びは、JIS K7127:1999に準拠し、東洋精機株式会社製の引張試験機「ストログラフVG-1E」を用いて測定した。チャック間距離は50mm、試験片サイズは10mm×120mm、試験速度(引張速度)は20mm/分、測定温度は23℃とした。
 引張弾性率は、前記引張試験によって得られる応力-ひずみ曲線においてひずみ0.1mmから0.5mmまでの区間の最小二乗法による傾きとして算出した。
 引張弾性率の値が大きいものほど、ポリイミドフィルム(ポリイミド樹脂)は高弾性率であり好ましい。引張強度の値が大きいものほど、ポリイミドフィルム(ポリイミド樹脂)は強度に優れ、好ましい。また、引張破断伸びの値が大きいものほど、ポリイミドフィルム(ポリイミド樹脂)は伸びに優れ、好ましい。
(2) Tensile Modulus, Tensile Strength, and Tensile Elongation at Break The tensile modulus, tensile strength, and tensile elongation at break were measured in accordance with JIS K7127:1999 using a tensile tester "Strograph VG-1E" manufactured by Toyo Seiki Co., Ltd. The chuck distance was 50 mm, the test piece size was 10 mm x 120 mm, the test speed (tensile speed) was 20 mm/min, and the measurement temperature was 23°C.
The tensile modulus was calculated as the slope of the stress-strain curve obtained by the tensile test in the section from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm strain by the least squares method.
The higher the tensile modulus of elasticity, the higher the polyimide film (polyimide resin) is, and the more preferable it is. The higher the tensile strength, the better the strength of the polyimide film (polyimide resin). Also, the higher the tensile elongation at break, the better the elongation of the polyimide film (polyimide resin) is, and the more preferable it is.

(3)全光線透過率、イエローインデックス(YI)、及びヘイズ
 全光線透過率はJIS K7361-1:1997に準拠し、YIはASTM E313-05(D光源、65°)に準拠し、ヘイズはJIS K7136:2000に準拠し、いずれも色彩・濁度同時測定器(COH7700、日本電色工業株式会社製)を用いて測定した。
 全光線透過率の値が大きいほど、ポリイミドフィルム(ポリイミド樹脂)の透明性に優れる。ポリイミドフィルムのYIの値が小さいほど、ポリイミドフィルム(ポリイミド樹脂)の無色性に優れる。ヘイズの値が小さいほど、ポリイミドフィルム(ポリイミド樹脂)の無色透明性に優れる。
(3) Total Light Transmittance, Yellow Index (YI), and Haze The total light transmittance was measured in accordance with JIS K7361-1:1997, YI in accordance with ASTM E313-05 (D light source, 65°), and haze in accordance with JIS K7136:2000, all of which were measured using a color and turbidity simultaneous measuring instrument (COH7700, manufactured by Nippon Denshoku Industries Co., Ltd.).
The larger the total light transmittance, the more excellent the transparency of the polyimide film (polyimide resin).The smaller the YI value of the polyimide film, the more excellent the colorlessness of the polyimide film (polyimide resin).The smaller the haze value, the more excellent the colorless transparency of the polyimide film (polyimide resin).

<成分等の略号>
 実施例及び比較例にて使用したテトラカルボン酸成分及びジアミン成分、並びにその略号は以下の通りである。
<Abbreviations for ingredients, etc.>
The tetracarboxylic acid components and diamine components used in the examples and comparative examples, and their abbreviations, are as follows:

(テトラカルボン酸二無水物)
HPMDA:1,2,4,5-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物(式(a1)で表される化合物、式(a11)で表される化合物の含有量と式(a12)で表される化合物の含有量の比[(a11)/(a12)]=0/100、三菱ガス化学株式会社製)
trans-HPMDA:(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物(式(a11)で表される化合物、式(a11)で表される化合物の含有量と式(a12)で表される化合物の含有量の比[(a11)/(a12)]=100/0)
CBDA:1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物(式(a2)で表される化合物)
(Tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride)
HPMDA: 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (ratio of the content of the compound represented by formula (a1), the content of the compound represented by formula (a11), and the content of the compound represented by formula (a12) [(a11)/(a12)]=0/100, manufactured by Mitsubishi Gas Chemical Company, Inc.)
trans-HPMDA: (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (compound represented by formula (a11), ratio of the content of the compound represented by formula (a11) to the content of the compound represented by formula (a12) [(a11)/(a12)]=100/0)
CBDA: 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (compound represented by formula (a2))

(ジアミン)
mTB:2,2’-ジメチルベンジジン(式(b1)で表される化合物、セイカ株式会社製)
DABA:4,4’-ジアミノベンズアニリド(式(b2)で表される化合物、n=0、Rはいずれも水素原子、セイカ株式会社製)
AMB-mTOL:N,N’-(2,2’-ジメチル[1,1’-ビフェニル]-4,4’-ジイル)ビス[4-アミノ-3-メチルベンズアミド](式(b21)で表される化合物)
(Diamine)
mTB: 2,2'-dimethylbenzidine (compound represented by formula (b1), manufactured by Seika Corporation)
DABA: 4,4'-diaminobenzanilide (a compound represented by formula (b2), n=0, R is a hydrogen atom, manufactured by Seika Corporation)
AMB-mTOL: N,N'-(2,2'-dimethyl[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis[4-amino-3-methylbenzamide] (compound represented by formula (b21))

 実施例及び比較例において使用した、溶媒及び触媒の略号等は下記の通りである。
GBL:γ-ブチロラクトン(三菱ケミカル株式会社製)
DMAc:N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド
TEA:トリエチルアミン(関東化学株式会社製)
TEDA:トリエチレンジアミン
The abbreviations for the solvents and catalysts used in the examples and comparative examples are as follows.
GBL: γ-butyrolactone (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation)
DMAc: N,N-dimethylacetamide TEA: triethylamine (Kanto Chemical Co., Ltd.)
TEDA: Triethylenediamine

<ポリイミド樹脂、ポリイミドワニス及びポリイミドフィルムの製造>
実施例1
 ステンレス製半月型撹拌翼、窒素導入管、冷却管を取り付けたディーンスターク、温度計、ガラス製エンドキャップを備えた300mLの5つ口丸底フラスコに、ジアミンであるmTB 15.20g(0.0715モル)、DABA 1.81g(0.0079モル)、及び溶媒としてGBL 64.2gを投入し、窒素雰囲気下、系内温度70℃とし、回転数200rpmで撹拌して溶液を得た。
 この溶液に、テトラカルボン酸二無水物であるHPMDA 14.26g(0.0636モル)とCBDA 3.12g(0.0159モル)、溶媒としてGBL 8.0gを一括で添加した後、イミド化触媒としてTEA 4.02g(0.0397モル)、TEDA 0.45g(0.0040モル)及び溶媒としてGBLを投入し、反応を開始する際の溶媒の量は得られるポリイミド樹脂の濃度が30質量%となるように調整した。マントルヒーターで加熱し、約20分間かけて反応系内温度を190℃まで上げた。留去される成分を捕集しつつ、反応系内温度を190℃に保持して1.3時間還流し、ポリイミド樹脂を含む溶液を得た。固形分濃度が15質量%になるようにDMAcを添加し、反応系内温度を50℃まで冷却し、ポリイミド樹脂を含むポリイミドワニスを得た(ワニス中の溶媒組成(質量)GBL/DMAc=38/47)。
 続いてPET(ポリエチレンテレフタレート)基板上へ、得られたポリイミドワニスを塗布し、ホットプレートを用い、60℃で20分間保持し、更に80℃で20分間保持し、PET基板から剥離した後、空気雰囲気下、熱風乾燥機中220℃で20分間加熱して溶媒を蒸発させ、ポリイミドフィルムを得た。フィルムの物性及び評価結果を表1に示す。
<Production of polyimide resin, polyimide varnish, and polyimide film>
Example 1
Into a 300 mL five-neck round-bottom flask equipped with a stainless steel half-moon shaped stirring blade, a nitrogen inlet tube, a Dean-Stark equipped with a cooling tube, a thermometer, and a glass end cap, 15.20 g (0.0715 mol) of mTB, which is a diamine, 1.81 g (0.0079 mol) of DABA, and 64.2 g of GBL as a solvent were placed, and the mixture was stirred at a rotation speed of 200 rpm under a nitrogen atmosphere, with the system temperature set to 70° C. to obtain a solution.
To this solution, 14.26 g (0.0636 mol) of HPMDA and 3.12 g (0.0159 mol) of CBDA, which are tetracarboxylic dianhydrides, and 8.0 g of GBL as a solvent were added all at once, and then 4.02 g (0.0397 mol) of TEA as an imidization catalyst, 0.45 g (0.0040 mol) of TEDA, and GBL as a solvent were added, and the amount of solvent at the start of the reaction was adjusted so that the concentration of the resulting polyimide resin was 30% by mass. The reaction was heated with a mantle heater, and the temperature in the reaction system was raised to 190 ° C. over about 20 minutes. While collecting the components distilled off, the temperature in the reaction system was kept at 190 ° C. and refluxed for 1.3 hours to obtain a solution containing a polyimide resin. DMAc was added so that the solid content concentration became 15% by mass, and the temperature inside the reaction system was cooled to 50° C. to obtain a polyimide varnish containing a polyimide resin (solvent composition (by mass) in the varnish: GBL/DMAc=38/47).
The polyimide varnish was then applied onto a PET (polyethylene terephthalate) substrate, and held at 60° C. for 20 minutes on a hot plate, then held at 80° C. for 20 minutes. After peeling off the PET substrate, the film was heated in an air atmosphere in a hot air dryer at 220° C. for 20 minutes to evaporate the solvent, yielding a polyimide film. The physical properties and evaluation results of the film are shown in Table 1.

実施例2~7及び比較例1
 実施例1において、ジアミン、テトラカルボン酸二無水物、イミド化触媒の種類及び量を、それぞれ表1に示した原料に変更した。溶媒の種類は表1に示した溶媒に変更し、反応を開始する際の溶媒の量は得られるポリイミド樹脂の濃度が30質量%となるように調整した。そして、反応温度を表1に示した温度に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、ポリイミド樹脂を含むポリイミドワニスを得た。全ての実施例において同様の状態で製造するため、重合溶媒の沸点により反応温度(還流時の温度)を調整した。更に実施例1と同様にして、ポリイミドフィルムを得た。フィルムの物性及び評価結果を表1に示す。
Examples 2 to 7 and Comparative Example 1
In Example 1, the type and amount of diamine, tetracarboxylic dianhydride, and imidization catalyst were changed to the raw materials shown in Table 1. The type of solvent was changed to the solvent shown in Table 1, and the amount of solvent at the start of the reaction was adjusted so that the concentration of the resulting polyimide resin was 30 mass%. Then, a polyimide varnish containing a polyimide resin was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the reaction temperature was changed to the temperature shown in Table 1. In order to produce all the examples under the same conditions, the reaction temperature (temperature at reflux) was adjusted according to the boiling point of the polymerization solvent. Furthermore, a polyimide film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1. The physical properties and evaluation results of the film are shown in Table 1.

Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000031
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000031

 表1に示すように、実施例のポリイミド樹脂(ポリイミドフィルム)は、引張弾性率及び引張強度が非常に大きいことに加え、引張破断点伸びも大きいことがわかる。更に実施例のポリイミド樹脂(ポリイミドフィルム)は、全光線透過率が大きく、YIも小さく、ヘイズも小さいことがわかる。
 このことから、本発明のポリイミド樹脂は、高弾性率と高強度を有しつつも伸びにも優れ、無色透明性にも優れることがわかる。また、本発明のポリイミド樹脂は、ワニスとして溶媒に溶解していることから、溶媒に可溶であることがわかる。特に本発明のポリイミド樹脂は、ペルフルオロアルキル構造やポリフルオロアルキル構造を含んでいないにもかかわらず、前記性質を有していることがわかる。
 また、実施例の製造方法によって得られたポリイミド樹脂は、(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来するトランス型構造を35モル%以上含むことがわかる。したがって、本発明の製造方法によって得られたポリイミド樹脂は、高弾性率と高強度を有しつつも伸びにも優れ、無色透明性にも優れることがわかる。
As shown in Table 1, the polyimide resins (polyimide films) of the examples have very high tensile modulus and tensile strength, as well as high tensile elongation at break. Furthermore, the polyimide resins (polyimide films) of the examples have high total light transmittance, low YI, and low haze.
From this, it is understood that the polyimide resin of the present invention has high elastic modulus and high strength, and is also excellent in elongation and colorless transparency. In addition, since the polyimide resin of the present invention is dissolved in a solvent as a varnish, it is understood that it is soluble in a solvent. In particular, it is understood that the polyimide resin of the present invention has the above properties even though it does not contain a perfluoroalkyl structure or a polyfluoroalkyl structure.
It is also found that the polyimide resin obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention contains 35 mol % or more of a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride. Therefore, it is found that the polyimide resin obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention has a high elastic modulus and high strength, as well as excellent elongation and colorless transparency.

Claims (17)

 テトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来する構成単位A及びジアミンに由来する構成単位Bを有するポリイミド樹脂であって、
 構成単位Aが下記式(a1)で表される化合物に由来する構成単位(A1)を含み、
 構成単位(A1)が(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来するトランス型構造を35モル%以上含み、
 構成単位Bが下記式(b1)で表される化合物に由来する構成単位(B1)を含み、
 下記構造要素(c)を含まない、ポリイミド樹脂。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000001

(式(c)中、Xはフッ素原子、水素原子又は炭素原子である。)
A polyimide resin having a structural unit A derived from a tetracarboxylic dianhydride and a structural unit B derived from a diamine,
The structural unit A includes a structural unit (A1) derived from a compound represented by the following formula (a1):
the structural unit (A1) contains 35 mol % or more of a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride,
The structural unit B includes a structural unit (B1) derived from a compound represented by the following formula (b1):
A polyimide resin not containing the following structural element (c):
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000001

(In formula (c), X is a fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom, or a carbon atom.)
 構成単位Bが、更に下記式(b2)で表される化合物に由来する構成単位(B2)を含む、請求項1に記載のポリイミド樹脂。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000002

(式(b2)中、Rはそれぞれ独立して水素原子又はメチル基であり、Yは芳香環を含む炭素数12~30の2価の基であり、nは0又は1である。)
The polyimide resin according to claim 1 , wherein the structural unit B further comprises a structural unit (B2) derived from a compound represented by the following formula (b2):
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000002

(In formula (b2), each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Y is a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and n is 0 or 1.)
 構成単位B中における構成単位(B2)の比率が1~60モル%である、請求項2に記載のポリイミド樹脂。 The polyimide resin according to claim 2, in which the ratio of structural unit (B2) in structural unit B is 1 to 60 mol %.  構成単位(A1)が(1R,2S,4S,5R)-シクロヘキサンテトラカルボン酸二無水物に由来するトランス型構造を70~100モル%含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1つに記載のポリイミド樹脂。 The polyimide resin according to any one of claims 1 to 3, in which the structural unit (A1) contains 70 to 100 mol % of a trans structure derived from (1R,2S,4S,5R)-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride.  構成単位B中における構成単位(B1)の比率が85~100モル%である、請求項1~4のいずれか1つに記載のポリイミド樹脂。 The polyimide resin according to any one of claims 1 to 4, in which the ratio of structural unit (B1) in structural unit B is 85 to 100 mol %.  請求項1~5のいずれか1つに記載のポリイミド樹脂が有機溶媒に溶解してなるポリイミドワニス。 A polyimide varnish obtained by dissolving the polyimide resin according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in an organic solvent.  請求項1~5のいずれか1つに記載のポリイミド樹脂を含む、ポリイミドフィルム。 A polyimide film comprising the polyimide resin according to any one of claims 1 to 5.  厚さ50μmとしたときの、YIが7.5以下であり、全光線透過率が80%以上であり、ヘイズが1.0%以下であり、
 23℃50%RHの環境下、試験片50μm×10mm×120mm、引張速度20mm/分、チャック間距離50mmの条件で行う引張試験による引張破壊点伸びが5%以上であり、
 前記引張試験によって得られる応力-ひずみ曲線においてひずみ0.1mmから0.5mmまでの区間の最小二乗法による傾きとして算出される引張弾性率が3.8GPa以上である、請求項7に記載のポリイミドフィルム。
When the thickness is 50 μm, the YI is 7.5 or less, the total light transmittance is 80% or more, and the haze is 1.0% or less,
The tensile elongation at break is 5% or more in a tensile test performed under conditions of 23°C, 50% RH, a test piece of 50 μm × 10 mm × 120 mm, a tensile speed of 20 mm/min, and a chuck distance of 50 mm.
8. The polyimide film according to claim 7, wherein the polyimide film has a tensile modulus of elasticity of 3.8 GPa or more, calculated as a slope of a least squares method in a section from 0.1 mm to 0.5 mm in strain in a stress-strain curve obtained by the tensile test.
 下記式(a1)で表される化合物を含むテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、下記式(b1)で表される化合物を含むジアミンとを、塩基触媒及びラクトン系溶媒を含む有機溶媒存在下でイミド化する工程を有し、
 前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物と前記ジアミンのいずれもが下記構造要素(c)を含まず、
 前記塩基触媒の量が前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物の量に対して30モル%以上であるか、又はラクトン系溶媒を含む有機溶媒がアミド系溶媒を含む、ポリイミド樹脂の製造方法。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000003
The present invention includes a step of imidizing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride containing a compound represented by the following formula (a1) and a diamine containing a compound represented by the following formula (b1) in the presence of a base catalyst and an organic solvent containing a lactone solvent,
Neither the tetracarboxylic dianhydride nor the diamine contains the following structural element (c):
a lactone-based solvent containing an amide-based solvent, the organic solvent being 30 mol % or more based on the amount of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride;
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000003
 下記式(a1)で表される化合物を含むテトラカルボン酸二無水物と、下記式(b1)で表される化合物を含むジアミンとを、塩基触媒存在下でイミド化する工程を有し、
 式(a1)で表される化合物が下記式(a11)で表される化合物を含む、ポリイミド樹脂の製造方法。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000004
The method includes a step of imidizing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride containing a compound represented by the following formula (a1) and a diamine containing a compound represented by the following formula (b1) in the presence of a base catalyst,
A method for producing a polyimide resin, wherein the compound represented by formula (a1) includes a compound represented by the following formula (a11):
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000004
 前記テトラカルボン酸二無水物及び前記ジアミンのいずれもが下記構造要素(c)を含まない、請求項10に記載のポリイミド樹脂の製造方法。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000005

(式(c)中、Xはフッ素原子、水素原子又は炭素原子である。)
The method for producing a polyimide resin according to claim 10, wherein neither the tetracarboxylic dianhydride nor the diamine contains the following structural element (c):
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000005

(In formula (c), X is a fluorine atom, a hydrogen atom, or a carbon atom.)
 前記塩基触媒がトリエチルアミン及びトリエチレンジアミンからなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項9~11のいずれか1つに記載のポリイミド樹脂の製造方法。 The method for producing a polyimide resin according to any one of claims 9 to 11, wherein the base catalyst is at least one selected from the group consisting of triethylamine and triethylenediamine.  前記塩基触媒がトリエチルアミン及びトリエチレンジアミンの両方を含む、請求項9~12のいずれか1つに記載のポリイミド樹脂の製造方法。 The method for producing a polyimide resin according to any one of claims 9 to 12, wherein the base catalyst contains both triethylamine and triethylenediamine.  前記ジアミンが、更に下記式(b2)で表される化合物を含む、請求項9~13のいずれか1つに記載のポリイミド樹脂の製造方法。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000006

(式(b2)中、Rはそれぞれ独立して水素原子又はメチル基であり、Yは芳香環を含む炭素数12~30の2価の基であり、nは0又は1である。)
The method for producing a polyimide resin according to any one of claims 9 to 13, wherein the diamine further contains a compound represented by the following formula (b2):
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000006

(In formula (b2), each R is independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Y is a divalent group containing an aromatic ring and having 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and n is 0 or 1.)
 前記ジアミン中における式(b2)で表される化合物の比率が1~60モル%である、請求項14に記載のポリイミド樹脂の製造方法。 The method for producing a polyimide resin according to claim 14, wherein the ratio of the compound represented by formula (b2) in the diamine is 1 to 60 mol %.  前記ジアミン中における式(b1)で表される化合物の比率が85~100モル%である、請求項9~15のいずれか1つに記載のポリイミド樹脂の製造方法。 The method for producing a polyimide resin according to any one of claims 9 to 15, wherein the ratio of the compound represented by formula (b1) in the diamine is 85 to 100 mol %.  式(a1)で表される化合物が下記式(a11)で表される化合物を含み、式(a1)で表される化合物中における式(a11)で表される化合物の比率が50~100モル%である、請求項9~16のいずれか1つに記載のポリイミド樹脂の製造方法。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000007
The method for producing a polyimide resin according to any one of claims 9 to 16, wherein the compound represented by formula (a1) includes a compound represented by the following formula (a11), and the ratio of the compound represented by formula (a1) in the compound represented by formula (a1) is 50 to 100 mol %.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-C000007
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