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WO2025119433A2 - Procédé de mise à disposition d'eau potable, dispositif d'alimentation en eau potable et unité de commutation d'eau chaude et de rinçage - Google Patents

Procédé de mise à disposition d'eau potable, dispositif d'alimentation en eau potable et unité de commutation d'eau chaude et de rinçage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025119433A2
WO2025119433A2 PCT/DE2024/101045 DE2024101045W WO2025119433A2 WO 2025119433 A2 WO2025119433 A2 WO 2025119433A2 DE 2024101045 W DE2024101045 W DE 2024101045W WO 2025119433 A2 WO2025119433 A2 WO 2025119433A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flushing
hot water
line
cold
dhw
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/DE2024/101045
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German (de)
English (en)
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WO2025119433A3 (fr
Inventor
Kaspar BAUSCH
Thomas KISTEMANN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Viega Technology GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Viega Technology GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102024100027.9A external-priority patent/DE102024100027A1/de
Application filed by Viega Technology GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Viega Technology GmbH and Co KG
Publication of WO2025119433A2 publication Critical patent/WO2025119433A2/fr
Publication of WO2025119433A3 publication Critical patent/WO2025119433A3/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
    • E03B7/07—Arrangement of devices, e.g. filters, flow controls, measuring devices, siphons or valves, in the pipe systems
    • E03B7/08—Arrangement of draining devices, e.g. manual shut-off valves
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B7/00—Water main or service pipe systems
    • E03B7/04—Domestic or like local pipe systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0073—Arrangements for preventing the occurrence or proliferation of microorganisms in the water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D17/00—Domestic hot-water supply systems
    • F24D17/0078—Recirculation systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for providing drinking water via a DHW (hot water) line and a DHW (cold water) line at a withdrawal point.
  • the invention also relates to a drinking water supply arrangement comprising at least one hot water source, at least one withdrawal point, at least one DHW line connecting the hot water source to the withdrawal point, and at least one hot water demand valve arranged between the DHW line and the withdrawal point, as well as at least one DHW line.
  • the invention also relates to a hot water switching unit and a flushing switching unit.
  • Such drinking water supply arrangements and corresponding provision methods for providing drinking water via a domestic hot water line and a domestic hot water line at a withdrawal point are known, for example, from DE 37 23 089 A1 and from DE 102017 010893 A1 or also from DE 102004033 770 A1, from DE 102019 107 179 A1, from DE 20 2013 104 471 U1 and from DE 10 2018 208 662 A1.
  • US 2019/0093904 A1 and DE 202012 012276 U1 disclose such drinking water supply arrangements or provision methods.
  • DE 37 23 089 A1 and DE 102017 010 893 A1 disclose a circulation path between the DHW line and the TWK line, through which a circulation pump can pump drinking hot water from the DHW line into the TWK line in order to shorten as much as possible the time frame within which drinking hot water is provided at the point of use.
  • DE 102004 033 770 A1, DE 10 2019 107 179 A1, DE 20 2013 104471 U1, and DE 102018208662 A1 disclose a terminal flush in toilet cisterns or other flush outlets in order to quickly provide hot drinking water continuously or at desired operating times. This is also intended to reduce the risk of Legionella proliferation.
  • Legionella are ubiquitous bacteria found in water that can multiply optimally in the temperature range between 25°C and 45°C. Therefore, significant accumulation can occur in domestic hot water (DWW) from drinking water supply systems, also known as drinking water installations (TWI), for example, in buildings.
  • DWW domestic hot water
  • TWI drinking water installations
  • the species Legionella pneumophila is an important opportunistic pathogen that can cause pneumonia. At least 6,000 cases are estimated to occur in Germany each year. Transmission and infection occur predominantly via aerosol.
  • a common example of this is the use of individual branch lines or series lines or combinations thereof to connect a central domestic hot water system or hot water source with the various water extraction points.
  • the formation of legionella within the water pipes can be a major problem.
  • branch lines the water in the pipes stagnates if it is not drawn off at one of the water extraction points. This is a major problem from a hygiene point of view, particularly with regard to the domestic hot water pipe.
  • a hot water source preferably provides domestic hot water with a temperature of at least 60 °C, especially if it is designed in accordance with standards, this corresponds to a temperature above which no significant proliferation of legionella occurs and legionella bacteria die in large numbers.
  • One approach to reducing the frequency of pipe flushing or the volume of pipes to be flushed is to design the domestic hot water pipes, or at least parts of them, as circulation pipes.
  • the domestic hot water circulates continuously or regularly, thus preventing prolonged stagnation of the water.
  • cooling of the domestic hot water can be significantly limited.
  • the cooled water must be reheated to the required initial temperature of at least 60 °C to suppress Legionella growth.
  • the domestic hot water is therefore repeatedly heated, even when not in use, which generates high energy requirements, especially in poorly insulated pipes in existing buildings. Despite these measures, temperatures in the peripheral DHW pipes, especially in existing buildings, rarely reach the required temperature level of at least 55 °C.
  • US 2019/0093904 A1 and DE 20 2012 012 276 U1 use the circulation for a sterilization or disinfection step by circulating warm water at a sufficiently high temperature, whereby DE 20 2012 012 276 U1 also suggests subsequently draining the hot water, which has then been circulated several times, in combination with a rinsing process, although the exact process and, above all, the type of drainage are left open.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a supply method for the provision of drinking water, a drinking water supply arrangement and a hot water switching unit which minimize the growth of Legionella with the lowest possible energy and water consumption.
  • the invention is based on the fundamental finding that the growth of Legionella can be minimized if at least part of a DHW pipe is flushed with cold water as needed. In particular, it is then not absolutely necessary to maintain temperatures of over 50 °C in the corresponding pipe sections over longer periods, for example at night or in holiday homes, in houses of holiday complexes or barracks for weeks or months, which is energetically pointless on the one hand and, on the other hand, leads to temperature ranges at contact points between DHW pipes and DHK pipes, for example in the area of withdrawal points or at T-pieces that branch off to short branch pipes, in which Legionella can preferentially grow.
  • Cold flushing can be used in the corresponding Pipe sections can reduce the temperature quickly and effectively, so that the risk of Legionella growth can be minimized with reduced or as low an energy requirement as possible.
  • the unused DHW pipes can therefore be set to cold after a cold flush and left cold during periods of interruption in use. Only then, for example, every 72 hours, can the cold drinking water in the DHW pipes and, accordingly, also in the DHW pipes be replaced, if necessary, to simulate normal operation, for example.
  • a method for providing drinking water via a domestic hot water line and a domestic hot water line at a withdrawal point can be characterized in that at least one section of the domestic hot water line constituting part of the domestic hot water line is subjected to cold flushing as required in order to minimize the growth of Legionella bacteria while consuming as little energy and water as possible, regardless of the other combinations of features described as advantageous here.
  • the cold flushing can preferably be carried out by removing drinking water from the domestic hot water line section or after the withdrawal of hot drinking water, before excessive proliferation of Legionella bacteria can occur.
  • a circulation system in particular a DHW circulation system
  • these parts can then be set to cold accordingly.
  • This can particularly be implemented in a cascading manner if circulation systems are planned one after the other or in parallel. Circulation systems that are not required can then be set to cold, while others can still be operated according to the desired specifications. For example, in a school, the teaching room and the toilets can be heated from 7:00 a.m. via the circulation system, while this is done for the showers in the gym, for example according to the timetable, by being activated by the teacher at the start of sports lessons or by a trigger when the lights in the changing rooms are switched on or similar.
  • the individual circulations can then also be switched back to cold in a staggered manner, whereby a main circulation can also be switched to cold if all subsequent circulations, for example the circulations for the toilets, the staff room and the showers, are or are already switched to cold.
  • a main circulation can also be switched to cold if all subsequent circulations, for example the circulations for the toilets, the staff room and the showers, are or are already switched to cold.
  • a drinking water supply arrangement with at least one hot water source, with at least one withdrawal point, with at least one DHW line connecting the hot water source to the withdrawal point and with at least one hot water demand valve arranged between the DHW line and the withdrawal point as well as with at least one DHW line
  • a cold water flushing line is arranged between the DHW line and the DHW line, which provides cold drinking water to the DHW line and opens into the DHW line in order to minimize the growth of Legionella with the lowest possible energy and water consumption.
  • this DHW pipe section which can or should then be flushed with cold water as required, can be limited on the one hand by the cold water flushing pipe and on the other hand by a flushing outlet or a flushing circulation pipe, so that cold flushing can then take place from the cold water flushing pipe through the corresponding DHW pipe section to the flushing outlet or to the circulation.
  • a DHW pipe section is understood to be a section of a DHW pipe which, for example, is to be flushed with cold water as required.
  • any section of a DHW pipe can initially represent a corresponding DHW pipe section, whereby it is understood that although the possibility of an arbitrary definition of such pipe sections exists, as a rule pipe sections, and in particular DHW pipe sections, are or should be defined between connections, outlets, valves, branches, bends or similar special features of pipes in order to then be able to carry out certain measures together in the corresponding pipe sections, such as a flushing process. It is understood that in addition to In addition to DHW pipe lines, TWK pipes can also be divided into corresponding parts, i.e. TWK pipe sections, if this seems sensible.
  • All known devices for providing hot water can serve as a hot water source or domestic hot water heating system.
  • these can be, for example, hot water storage tanks, which are heated and kept warm by heating systems, heat pumps, solar thermal systems, possibly with the aid of additional electric heaters, or by other means.
  • Instantaneous water heaters or direct gas or coal-fired boilers can also be used as hot water sources in a conventional manner.
  • Any known domestic hot water pipe can serve as a domestic hot water pipe, which can be used to provide domestic hot water in a conventional manner over desired distances.
  • Such domestic hot water pipes are generally made of copper, stainless steel, or other metals, or of other metal or plastic composite systems, or in the form of another device that appears suitable for transporting drinking water, especially domestic hot water.
  • Such pipes are well known, particularly in the form of pipes or hoses.
  • withdrawal points any arrangement of drinking water supply systems in which drinking water can be or is made available as needed can be considered as withdrawal points.
  • Such withdrawal points can be found, for example, in the usual way at washbasins, showers, bathtubs, bidets, toilets, or individual water withdrawal devices, such as those well known for connecting garden hoses, washing machines, dishwashers, refrigerators, coffee machines, and the like.
  • corresponding tapping points on the respective drinking water supply arrangement include valves, for example hot water demand valves or cold water demand valves, by means of which drinking water can be provided as required by opening and closing.
  • valves for example hot water demand valves or cold water demand valves
  • the corresponding tapping points do not have their own valves, but that these are provided by the corresponding equipment, which, however, can potentially lead to increased effort when changing equipment.
  • at least one shut-off valve is usually provided at these points.
  • Tapping points with mixing valves are also known, in which hot and cold drinking water are mixed via combined valves and provided on demand.
  • electromotive, electromagnetic, pneumatic, or hydraulically controlled valves can also be used at the tapping points, or as hot or cold water demand valves, or as other valves used in a related context.
  • manually operated valves are ruled out for practical reasons alone, even if manual operation following appropriate instructions, even if issued by a control system, seems conceivable in order to specifically control a valve.
  • Any device with which the flow of drinking water can be influenced in the desired manner can be used as hot water demand valves or cold water demand valves, as well as the other valves explained in this context.
  • screw valves In particular, screw valves, rotary valves, rotary slide valves, angle valves, straight-way valves, angle seat valves, multi-way valves, and/or distribution valves can be used.
  • disc valves, angle seat valves, diaphragm valves, and ball valves are particularly well known. It is understood that other known valve types can also be used accordingly.
  • a hot water demand valve can be almost any valve suitable for drinking water, by means of which an opening in a domestic hot water line can be closed or opened.
  • the term cold water demand valve refers to a valve by means of which a domestic hot water line can be opened or closed as required.
  • any device by means of which cold drinking water can be brought from a domestic hot water line to a domestic hot water line can be considered a cold water flushing line.
  • a cold water flushing line can also be used for other purposes.
  • it is referred to as a cold water flushing line if it is suitable and intended to supply cold drinking water for the purpose of flushing a domestic hot water line or a section of that domestic hot water line or section of that domestic hot water line.
  • the cold water flushing line can be in the form of a pipe or a hose or in the form of another device which appears suitable for the transport of drinking water, in particular cold drinking water.
  • the cold water flushing line can also be made of plastic, metallic materials or composite systems, including metal-plastic composite systems.
  • the DHW line section is rinsed with cold water after drinking water has been drawn off, as already explained above, and thus preferably then set to cold. This prevents the remaining hot water in the DHW line or in the DHW line section from cooling down to such an extent that the temperature window within which the risk of Legionella proliferation is particularly high is reached, maintained for a longer period, or passed through over a longer period.
  • the temperature window within which the risk of Legionella proliferation is particularly high is reached, maintained for a longer period, or passed through over a longer period.
  • cold flushing can be carried out using cold drinking water from the drinking water line, as already indicated above, and for which purpose the cold water flushing line can preferably be provided.
  • the cold water flushing line can preferably be provided.
  • a hot water switching unit can be provided cumulatively or alternatively to the other feature combinations explained above as being advantageous, which is characterized by a hot water inlet flange and by a hot water pipe partial flange fluidically connected to the hot water inlet flange by a DHW arm, which can be connected optionally to the hot water inlet flange and to a cold water inlet flange of the hot water switching unit fluidically connected to a cold water flushing arm which opens into the DHW arm at an opening, wherein the opening can preferably be realized by a passive coupling of the arms or by a discrete directional control valve, which can be implemented structurally easily with a suitable design.
  • Such a hot water switching unit enables cold flushing of a DHW pipe section and thus minimises the growth of Legionella with the lowest possible energy and water consumption, unlike the thermostatic mixer with flushing function from DE 20 2014 105 702 Ul, also in terms of installation in the simplest possible way, since ultimately the DHW pipe section to be flushed as required only needs to be connected to the hot water pipe section flange, the cold water inlet flange to an inlet for cold drinking water, for example to the cold water flushing pipe, and the hot water inlet flange to the DHW pipe on the hot water source side in order to enable flushing as required.
  • the drinking water supply arrangement can be designed such that the hot water switching unit is inserted into the domestic hot water line via its hot water inlet flange and its hot water pipe section flange, and into the cold water flushing line via its cold water inlet flange.
  • the cold water flushing line then preferably opens into the domestic hot water line within the hot water switching unit, which then enables flushing of the domestic hot water pipe section.
  • Flanges can be any of the known methods used to connect a drinking water-carrying unit, such as a hot water switch unit, to drinking water pipes, i.e., to domestic hot water pipes or domestic hot water pipes.
  • the flange connection can, for example, comprise disc-shaped attachments attached to pipe ends which are clamped or connected to one another. Loose attachment discs are also conceivable which, when clamped to one another, can seal pipe ends by means of collars.
  • connections between pipes can, as is well known, also be made in other ways, for example by means of screw connections, compression fittings, press connections, welded or soldered connections, adhesive connections, sliding sleeve connections, socket connections or plug-in or grooved connections, whereby two suitably prepared pipe ends are positioned relative to one another in a manner appropriate to the type of connection and then connected to one another.
  • the term “flange” preferably refers to any pipe end or hose end which is prepared in a corresponding manner for a selected type of pipe connection. If necessary, this can even be a simple pipe or hose end, if the corresponding pipe connection is to be realized, for example, via a shrink clamp or shrink sleeve or a press connection. Accordingly, in this context, the term “flange” refers in particular to any pipe or hose end that is suitable and intended for attachment to other pipes or hoses.
  • a hot water control valve can be arranged between the hot water inlet flange and the hot water pipe part flange or in the DHW arm (30) between the hot water inlet flange and the mouth of the cold water flushing arm in the DHW arm, so that the flow through the DHW pipe interrupted by the hot water switching unit or to the DHW pipe part can be interrupted or opened as required.
  • a hot water flushing valve can be installed on the side of the cold water flushing line opening into the DHW line facing away from the hot water demand valve. be arranged so that - regardless of the presence of a hot water switching unit as a unit installed in the DHW line - the DHW line can be interrupted as needed before the cold water flush line joins the DHW line.
  • the hot water flush valve in particular, can be the hot water control valve, or the hot water control valve of the hot water switching unit can be used as the hot water flush valve.
  • the hot water switching unit may also comprise a cold water control valve arranged between the cold water inlet flange and the hot water pipe flange or in the cold water flushing arm, by means of which cold drinking water can be selectively supplied to a DHW arm or a pipe section between the hot water inlet flange and the hot water pipe flange or in particular the hot water pipe flange.
  • a cold water control valve arranged between the cold water inlet flange and the hot water pipe flange or in the cold water flushing arm, by means of which cold drinking water can be selectively supplied to a DHW arm or a pipe section between the hot water inlet flange and the hot water pipe flange or in particular the hot water pipe flange.
  • a cold water flush valve can be arranged in the cold water flush line, so that the cold water flush line or a cold water flush arm can be used optionally to supply cold drinking water to the outlet of the cold water flush line into the DHW line.
  • the cold water flush line can be connected to the DHW line via a cold water flush valve.
  • the cold water control valve can in particular be the cold water flushing valve or it can be used to flush the DHW pipe or the DHW pipe section.
  • the connectivity can be achieved in particular by suitable valves, in particular, for example, by discrete directional control valves, which are controlled or guided in such a way that there are no smooth transitions between flow and blocking, or this only occurs for a very short time, for example, only to avoid unwanted pressure surges.
  • discrete directional control valves therefore describe the exact opposite of proportionally controlled or controlled directional control valves, in which different flow rates can be selected proportionally to an input signal and maintained over a longer period of time.
  • the hot and cold water control valves or the hot and cold water flush valves can also be implemented together by a multi-way valve if this appears advantageous for structural or other reasons.
  • a discrete 2/3-way multi-way valve can be used to The DHW arm on the one hand and the cold water flush arm on the other hand can each be optionally connected to the hot water pipe flange, whereby this discrete 2/3 multi-way valve can then be provided at the mouth of the cold water flush arm into the DHW arm.
  • the outlet can also be realized by a purely passive coupling, for example, a T-piece.
  • passive refers to hydraulic assemblies that do not include any adjustment capability, in particular pipes, hoses, branches, or connections, for example in the form of T-pieces, crosspieces, or similar.
  • a hot water switching unit can be provided cumulatively or alternatively to the other combinations of features explained here as being advantageous, which is characterized by a hot water inlet flange and by a hot water pipe partial flange fluidically connected to the hot water inlet flange by a DHW arm, which can be connected optionally to the hot water inlet flange and to a cold water inlet flange of the hot water switching unit fluidically connected to a cold water flushing arm which opens into the DHW arm at an opening, wherein a check valve opening in the direction of the hot water pipe partial flange can preferably be arranged between the hot water inlet flange and the opening in the DHW arm and/or in the cold water flushing arm, which can be implemented structurally in a simple manner with a suitable design.
  • Such a hot water switching unit enables cold flushing of a DHW pipe section and thus minimises the growth of Legionella with the lowest possible energy and water consumption, also in terms of installation in the simplest possible way, since ultimately the DHW pipe section to be flushed as required only needs to be connected to the hot water pipe section flange, the cold water inlet flange to an inlet for cold drinking water, for example to the cold water flushing pipe, and the hot water inlet flange to the DHW pipe on the hot water source side in order to enable flushing as required and the check valves can reliably prevent uncontrolled flow in an undesirable direction.
  • such hot water switching units unlike the thermostatic mixer with flushing function disclosed in DE 20 2014 105 702 Ul, are extremely flexible and versatile and can be used cost-effectively.
  • the combination of check valves and discrete hot and cold water flush valves proves to be advantageous, as this can provide hygienic redundancy.
  • the flush valves alone can prevent unwanted backflow of flush water by closing them according to the specifically implemented process.
  • the check valves can also prevent backflow in the event of a valve failure, thus ensuring hygienically perfect operation.
  • the check valves can also reduce the load on the hot and cold water flush valves, which can accordingly enable the use of cheaper components.
  • a circulation line may branch off from the DHW line, as is well known in the art.
  • Such a circulation line is generally routed back to the hot water source, which enables hot water to be provided at a sufficiently high temperature through circulation through the hot water source to the branch of the circulation line, so that, in particular, any demand times can be minimized in the case of longer pipe runs.
  • a circulation can ultimately be considered as a component of the heat source, unless special measures are also provided or desired with regard to circulation.
  • the cold water flushing line flows into the DHW line between the branch of the circulation line and the hot water demand valve. If the DHW line only branches off to a utility line and not into a circulation system, it may accordingly be advantageous if the cold water flushing line flows into the DHW line between this branch and the hot water demand valve. In this way, the area of the DHW line or the part of the DHW line not covered by the circulation system can be flushed, at least to a large extent, in accordance with the present explanations.
  • the DHW line has a flushing outlet so that, as already explained above, the water in the DHW line or in the DHW line section Drinking water can be flushed out and ultimately leave the drinking water supply arrangement.
  • Such a flush outlet can ultimately discharge in a known manner, for example, into a toilet cistern, a siphon, or a floor drain. It is also conceivable to use the flushed drinking water for secondary purposes, for example, for cleaning or irrigation. However, due to the recommendations for avoiding the consumption of stagnant water (see Section 52, Paragraph 1 of the Drinking Water Ordinance of June 20, 2023), the flush water should no longer be used for consumption after the flushing unit.
  • the flushing outlet may preferably be hygienically separated from the destination to which the drinking water, whether hot or cold drinking water, discharged or flushed through the flushing outlet is directed, in order to avoid any possible recontamination.
  • a flushing circulation for cold flushing, possibly in addition to the hot water circulation already explained above and which is optional, which seems particularly conceivable if a flushing circulation can be provided through the DHW line section or through the DHW line to be flushed, the cold water flushing line, the associated DHW line section and a flushing circulation line, the total water quantity of which, taking into account the quantity of domestic hot water in the DHW line to be flushed or in the DHW power section, is sufficient to reduce the average temperature of the water to sufficiently below 25 °C or to a sufficiently low temperature so that there is no longer any risk of increased growth of Legionella.
  • the mass of the heated and also cooled DHW pipe components or DHW pipe sub-components, as well as the other pipe components involved, can also be included in such considerations or the associated calculations. For example, if only the water quantities are taken into account, 8 l of hot drinking water at 55 °C and 40 l of cold drinking water at 15 °C result in an average total temperature of less than 22 °C when the corresponding water quantities are mixed together. This can be ensured, if necessary, by appropriate flushing circulation, whereby the above DHW volume from the same usage unit can be considered as a type of existing flushing volume.
  • a cooling circulation and/or a cooling flushing system for cold drinking water may also be provided, for example by means of a corresponding device, particularly if there is a risk that the drinking water pipes will heat up excessively due to structural conditions, such as existing insulation or nearby heating or DHW pipes.
  • a cooling flushing system an existing flushing outlet, which is connected, for example, to a cold water flushing outlet valve for the purpose of regular flushing after longer periods of inactivity, for example after 72 hours, may be used.
  • Both cooling circulation and cooling flushing can, if necessary, lead to sufficient cooling simply by the movement of the respective water, as already disclosed with regard to cooling circulation, for example, in EP 1 845 207 A1, EP 3 037 591 A1, DE 20 2015 007 277 U1 or DE 20 2019 001 121 U1.
  • a cold junction can also be provided in addition, if necessary, in order not only to distribute any locally present excess heat in the drinking water supply arrangement during cooling circulation or to flush it out of the drinking water supply arrangement during cooling flushing, but also to actively extract heat from the drinking water supply arrangement via the cold junction. The latter then enables longer downtimes until another cooling flush or cooling circulation must or should be carried out.
  • any device that can be used to specifically provide a temperature sink in a drinking water supply system can be used as a cold junction.
  • this could be the evaporator of a compressor refrigeration machine or a heat exchanger of another refrigeration machine.
  • flushing can be carried out as a combination of flushing processes with varying effectiveness. For example, both a temperature reduction and a water exchange for drinking water hygiene reasons can be carried out. If this is desired in the form of circulation to save water, filtration and/or other germicidal or germ-reducing measures can also be provided.
  • the flushing outlet can be opened and closed via a hot water flushing outlet valve so that flushing can be initiated in a targeted manner and under given circumstances.
  • cold flushing can then take place until the hot drinking water present in the DHW pipe section has been replaced by cold drinking water in a defined quantity at the flush outlet or at the draw-off point, for example if a flush outlet is provided there into a siphon or if drinking water can be taken in via a toilet cistern.
  • This quantity can be defined, for example, taking into account the pipe volume of the DHW pipe and a correspondingly defined period of time.
  • a temperature measurement is also conceivable, on the basis of which it can be determined whether the hot drinking water in the DHW pipe or in the DHW pipe section has been sufficiently replaced by cold drinking water.
  • a flushing switch unit provides appropriate flanges that allow easy installation in a drinking water supply arrangement and, on the other hand, includes any control devices, such as valves, etc., but also additional electrical devices, so that an electrical or signaling connection can be carried out relatively easily, and possibly even by personnel with only electrical training. Appropriately provided connections can then certainly enable a relatively reliable and rapid electrical installation even for electrically trained personnel.
  • a flushing switching unit which is characterized by a hot water inlet flange which can be optionally connected to a flushing flange of the flushing switching unit via a passive coupling and/or via a discrete directional control valve, in particular in contrast to the thermostatic mixer with flushing function as disclosed in DE 20 2014 105 702 U1, enables a minimization of the growth of Legionella with the lowest possible Energy and water consumption.
  • a flushing switch unit is relatively easy to install in a drinking water supply system via its hot water inlet flange and its flushing flange.
  • the flushing switch unit can be connected to the DHW line of the drinking water supply system via its hot water inlet flange and to the flushing outlet via its flushing flange, so that the flushing switch unit, once the corresponding connections are closed, can immediately enable flushing, in particular of the connected DHW line.
  • the flushing switching unit can have a cold water inlet flange, which can also be connected either to the hot water inlet flange or to the flushing flange.
  • This design can appear advantageous because it makes it possible, for example, to flush both the cold DHW lines and the DHW lines on a regular basis during periods of often longer interruptions in use in barracks or holiday complexes.
  • a water exchange should, for example, take place after 72 hours at the latest.
  • this cold water inlet flange can also be connected to the flushing flange or to the hot water inlet flange, preferably via a passive coupling or via a discrete directional control valve, so that the most flexible use possible can be achieved at low cost.
  • electrical or electronic devices or sensors may also be provided in the flushing switching unit, such as a control unit, which may also enable communication with the hot water switching unit or with a home computer.
  • the pipes for cold drinking water and hot drinking water i.e., TWK pipes or DHW pipes
  • TWK pipes or DHW pipes are often laid in close proximity to each other, preferably in riser shafts in large or tall buildings, for example, in main lines, which then branch off into sublines in individual apartments or floors.
  • Such laying is often done together with the piping of the central heating system. This makes it conceivable that the cold drinking water in its TWK line is also heated through thermal crosstalk.
  • the temperature of the cold drinking water in the inlet is approximately 15 °C to
  • Flushing the TWK line or components of TWK lines can, as already explained above, serve to reduce the temperature in the corresponding TWK line or its components.
  • a cold water inlet flange or a cold water flush outlet valve to a corresponding flush outlet may also be useful.
  • the flushing switching unit may comprise a hot water flushing outlet valve arranged between the hot water inlet flange and the flushing flange, whereby an optional connection of the hot water inlet flange to the flushing flange can be implemented in a structurally simple manner.
  • the hot water flush outlet valve of the flushing switching unit can then represent the hot water flush outlet of the drinking water supply arrangement, so that the latter can be provided in a structurally simple manner.
  • the flushing switching unit can comprise a cold water flushing outlet valve arranged between the cold water inlet flange and the flushing flange or the hot water inlet flange, so that, if desired, additional cold drinking water can be provided through the flushing flange if such cold drinking water is required, for example, to fill a cistern of a toilet.
  • the flushing outlet of the DHW line is provided from this end, or from the cold water flushing line, in the direction of the hot water source in the DHW line.
  • the arrangement of the flushing outlet or a circulation line used for flushing then defines the section of the DHW line that is to be flushed, or the DHW Z line section, accordingly.
  • the flushing outlet can then be connected or flanged to the hot water switching unit, for example, if the hot water switching unit is equipped accordingly.
  • a hot water switching unit which is characterized by a hot water inlet flange and by a hot water pipe partial flange which is fluidically connected to the hot water inlet flange by a DHW arm and which can be connected optionally to the hot water inlet flange and to a flushing flange which is fluidically connected to a flushing arm which opens into the DHW arm at an opening, makes it possible to minimize the growth of Legionella with the lowest possible energy and water consumption, wherein a check valve opening in the direction of the flushing flange can preferably be arranged in the flushing arm, which, with a suitable design, can be implemented structurally easily.
  • Such a hot water switch unit enables cold flushing of a DHW pipe section and thus minimises the growth of Legionella with the lowest possible energy and water consumption, also in terms of installation in the simplest possible way, since ultimately the DHW pipe section to be flushed as required only needs to be connected to the hot water pipe section flange, the flushing flange to a flushing outlet, and the hot water inlet flange to the DHW pipe on the hot water source side in order to enable flushing as required and to reliably prevent uncontrolled flow in an undesired direction through the check valve.
  • such a hot water switch unit unlike the one described in DE 20 2014 105 702 Ul revealed thermostatic mixer with flushing function extremely flexible and versatile in its use, cost-effective.
  • a flushing switching unit can be characterized by a hot water inlet flange which can be optionally connected to a cold water inlet flange of the flushing switching unit.
  • a cold water flushing line can be opened via the flushing switch unit, if it is installed in a drinking water supply arrangement, which then, if the hot water pipe part flange is connected to the flushing flange in the hot water switch unit, which can be achieved, for example, by a corresponding valve, enables a reverse flushing with cold drinking water.
  • the flushing volume can be minimized if, for example, the temperature at the flushing outlet, for example in the hot water switching unit, is measured, so that if the temperature drops, it can be assumed that sufficient cold flushing has taken place.
  • Counterflow can make it possible to minimize the water volume if not the entire section of the DHW pipe or the entire length of the DHW pipe to be flushed has been heated during the withdrawal of domestic hot water. Counterflow can also make it possible to reduce energy loss, especially with very frequent cold flushing of longer DHW pipes.
  • a temperature measurement can be used, for example, by inserting a thermal marker near a flush outlet or on a flush circulation line to determine when and when a flushing process can be completed and, for example, an associated valve can be closed again.
  • a target temperature can be specified, for example, via the flushing switching unit.
  • a target temperature set in this way via the flushing switching unit, or a target flushing temperature derived or learned from user behavior, for example, can eliminate the need for an additional permanent connection, such as an electrical signal line.
  • a hot-cold transition such as that which naturally occurs during a cold flush of a domestic hot water line in which domestic hot water with a temperature above 45 °C is present, can be used accordingly, for example, referred to or used as a thermal marker. It is then possible to transmit such flush-stop signals along the domestic hot water lines or, if necessary, the domestic hot water lines without having to lay electrical signal lines or other separate signal lines, such as fiber optic cables, or exchange electromagnetic signals. This can prove particularly advantageous for retrofitting purposes, for example, by minimizing installation effort.
  • Pressure signals can be used cumulatively or alternatively for such signal transmissions.
  • a brief opening of a flushing line or a flushing outlet which in an advantageous embodiment can be realized, for example, by fast-acting solenoid valves, can be measured as a corresponding pressure signal along drinking water pipes and interpreted accordingly.
  • a flushing switching unit can signal the desire to initiate a flushing process, for example with cold drinking water, so that the hot water switching unit, which receives a corresponding pressure signal or a falling line pressure or a corresponding pressure marker, can provide cold drinking water to the DHW line section or the DHW line to be flushed.
  • the hot water switching unit may comprise a control unit which, for example, can control the hot water control valve or the cold water control valve or, if necessary, also another flushing valve provided additionally or alternatively, as required.
  • the control unit can also include, for example, a request detection system that detects the request for hot drinking water. This can be done, for example, by a pressure sensor. A data input can also be used cumulatively or alternatively.
  • the request detection system can, in particular, be designed to detect, in addition to the request for drinking water, the request for flushing water, i.e., cold drinking water, which—as already explained above—can be implemented, for example, by a pressure sensor.
  • a corresponding request recognition can be provided via a data input to the control unit, wherein a corresponding data input can be implemented in particular electromagnetically or by cable.
  • control unit of the hot water switching unit can also be operatively connected to a hot water flushing outlet valve of the drinking water supply arrangement and, for example, issue a flushing signal to the hot water outlet valve.
  • This can also be done via a cable, for example, by directly connecting the hot water flushing outlet valve.
  • electromagnetic signal transmission can also be implemented in this regard.
  • the positions of, for example, mixer tap levers can also be detected wirelessly, so that, for example, domestic hot water is only provided by the hot water switch unit when there is a specific request.
  • a corresponding flushing signal can also be sent from the hot water switching unit to the flushing switching unit in order, for example, to control a hot water flushing outlet valve or, if applicable, a cold water flushing outlet valve, which may also be used for counterflow flushing.
  • the flushing switching unit can cumulatively or alternatively comprise a control unit, which in turn controls or can control, for example, the hot water flushing outlet valve or the cold water flushing outlet valve of the flushing switching unit.
  • this control unit of the flushing switching unit can also be used to directly control components of the hot water switching unit or the cold water flushing valve and/or the hot water flushing valve of the drinking water supply arrangement. It is also conceivable for the control unit of the flushing switching unit to act as a master and control a control unit of the hot water switching unit, specifying when normal operation or flushing operation takes place.
  • control unit of the flushing switching unit may be designed to receive a flushing signal from a home computer or the hot water switching unit or from a control unit of the hot water switching unit.
  • the flushing switching unit can be signal-connected to a hot water temperature sensor or to a cold water temperature sensor of the flushing switching unit, so that corresponding temperatures previously input to the flushing switching unit or learned by the flushing switching unit can be measured and, if necessary, also passed on as flushing start or flushing stop temperatures or for receiving thermal markers or for other purposes.
  • the DHW line can be fluidically connected to a circulation line, which enables circulation for individual usage lines branching off from a main line, so that domestic hot water can be brought as close as possible to any tapping points at the highest possible temperature.
  • a circulation line which enables circulation for individual usage lines branching off from a main line, so that domestic hot water can be brought as close as possible to any tapping points at the highest possible temperature.
  • a hot water switching unit may also comprise a circulation inlet flange that can be optionally connected to a flushing flange of the hot water switching unit or to a cold water inlet flange of the hot water switching unit.
  • This also makes it possible to flush the circulation line when the part of the DHW line to be flushed or the DHW line section is supplied with cold drinking water, for example via the cold water flushing line, and the flushing flange is fluidically connected to the circulation inlet flange and this connection to the flushing flange is open, which can be realized, for example, by a flushing outlet valve that is correspondingly open.
  • the circulation inlet flange can be connected to the cold water inlet flange
  • the DHW line or the DHW line section should be connected to a corresponding flushing outlet at a suitable location so that when the connection between the cold water inlet flange and the circulation inlet flange is opened, the cold drinking water provided there can flush through the circulation line and the corresponding parts of the DHW line to the flushing outlet.
  • This will generally result in the flushing drinking water flowing in the opposite direction to the normal flow of the domestic hot water, thus resulting in the corresponding advantages already explained above.
  • the circulation inlet flange can preferably be fluidically connected to a circulation outlet flange via a circulation arm, so that the corresponding hot water switching unit only needs to be inserted into a circulation line.
  • a circulation valve can be arranged in the circulation arm, via which the circulation can be separated accordingly if flushing is to be carried out.
  • the drinking water supply arrangement may comprise at least one utility line branching off from a main line, in each of which a supplementary circulation line is provided, as already indicated above.
  • a supplementary circulation line is provided in this circulation line.
  • a flushing outlet can be provided in such a utility line so that at least parts of the corresponding circulation line can also be flushed.
  • this flushing outlet can also be opened and closed via a hot water flushing outlet valve, so that flushing can be carried out as needed.
  • the hot water flushing outlet valve can also be the flushing outlet valve of the hot water switching unit, so that the former can be provided in a structurally simple manner.
  • a circulation valve in particular a circulation valve arranged in the hot water switching unit, is arranged on the side of the flushing outlet facing the main line in order to prevent backflow of cold drinking water or drinking water displaced during flushing into the main line-side circulation line or even into the hot water source.
  • the hot water switching unit can be inserted into the circulation line, in particular via its circulation inlet flange and its circulation outlet flange, which in particular allows for easy installation of the corresponding hot water switching unit.
  • the flushing direction can also be reversed if a cold flush includes the circulation line or parts thereof, as indicated above.
  • the arrangement of the mouth of the cold water flushing line and the flushing outlet and the corresponding valves can ultimately be located anywhere, as long as a corresponding circuit from the cold water flushing line to the flushing outlet can be maintained.
  • an arrangement as close to the main line as possible appears advantageous, whereby it is irrelevant whether the Cold water flushing line flows into the DHW line or into the circulation line, if the flushing outlet then branches off from the other of these two lines, i.e. from the circulation line or the DHW line.
  • Circulation systems can also, as already mentioned above, be flushed with cold or warm water, or heated or cold, as needed, if this seems advantageous or sensible. This applies in particular to circulation systems arranged in series or parallel.
  • Figure 1 shows a first drinking water supply arrangement in a schematic representation
  • Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of a first hot water switching unit usable in the drinking water supply arrangement according to Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of a first flushing switching unit usable in the drinking water supply arrangement according to Figure 1
  • Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a second hot water switching unit usable in the drinking water supply arrangement according to Figure 1;
  • Figure 5 shows a schematic representation of a second flushing switching unit usable in the drinking water supply arrangement according to Figure 1;
  • Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of a third hot water switching unit usable in the drinking water supply arrangement according to Figure 1;
  • Figure 7 shows a schematic representation of a third flushing switching unit usable in the drinking water supply arrangement according to Figure 1;
  • Figure 8 shows a fourth hot water switching unit in a schematic representation
  • Figure 9 shows a second drinking water supply arrangement in a schematic representation.
  • the drinking water supply arrangement 10 described by way of example in Figure 1 comprises a TWK (cold drinking water) line 80 and a TWW (hot drinking water) line 70, which are fed by a TWK (cold drinking water) feed 82 in a manner known per se.
  • TWK cold drinking water
  • TWW hot drinking water
  • Such drinking water supply arrangements 10 are well known from the prior art and generally comprise a main line 18, from which at least one utility line 19A, 19B, 19C branches off.
  • a main line 18 from which at least one utility line 19A, 19B, 19C branches off.
  • three utility lines 19A, 19B, 19C branch off from the main line 18 to corresponding utility units.
  • several main lines 18 may also be provided.
  • the domestic hot water inlet 82 not only leads into the domestic hot water line 80, but also into a hot water source 11, which in this embodiment is designed as a heatable hot water tank.
  • a hot water source 11 which in this embodiment is designed as a heatable hot water tank.
  • Any type of hot water source can be provided at this point, such as instantaneous water heaters, thermal solar systems, or heat pumps, possibly with additional electric heating, or a gas boiler.
  • Drinking water can be supplied to the drinking water supply arrangement 10 via tapping points 12, which, depending on requirements, comprise hot water demand valves 13 (numbered only as an example) and cold water demand valves 14 (numbered only as an example). in particular hot drinking water, cold drinking water or mixtures thereof.
  • tapping points 12 which, depending on requirements, comprise hot water demand valves 13 (numbered only as an example) and cold water demand valves 14 (numbered only as an example). in particular hot drinking water, cold drinking water or mixtures thereof.
  • the extraction points 12 are each provided in the usage lines 19A, 19B, and 19C, so that, if necessary, a separate usage calculation for the respective usage unit could also be carried out via separate and known individual meters (not shown here). Likewise, common extraction points 12 can be provided, which are fed directly from the main line 18.
  • the main line 18 and the utility lines 19A, 19B, 19C may also be further branched. It is also conceivable that in alternative embodiments, several hot water sources 11 are provided in parallel, which may also supply separate main lines 18 with domestic hot water, in particular if the capacity of the domestic hot water supply 82 is sufficient for this purpose.
  • the main lines 18 and utility lines 19A, 19B, 19C can run horizontally or vertically, which ultimately depends on the arrangement of the extraction points 12, the TWK feed 82 and the hot water source 11 or the hot water sources 11.
  • the drinking water supply arrangement 10 shown as an example in Figure 1 can be provided, for example, for a three-story building in which the main line 18 runs vertically and the respective service lines 19 for each floor run horizontally and the hot water source 11 and the TWK feed 82 are arranged in the basement.
  • a circulation line 15 is provided, which branches off from the DHW line 80 at a branch 16 near the usage line 19C and is fed back to the Hot water source 11, so that in the part of the DHW line 80 and the circulation line 15 extending from the hot water source 11 to the branch 16, a domestic hot water circulation can be maintained through the hot water source 11, which ensures that in the part of the DHW line 80 which lies between the hot water source 11 and the branch 16 of the circulation line 15, sufficiently tempered domestic hot water is constantly available.
  • the flushing outlet 95 of the usage line 19A can open into a siphon below the withdrawal point 12 provided at the end of the usage line 19A. which may also apply to the flush outlets 95 of the service lines 19B, 19C. In other embodiments, it is known to lead such a flush outlet 95, for example, into a floor drain.
  • DE 10 2004 033 770 A1, DE 10 2019 107 179 A1, DE 20 2013 104 471 U1, and DE 10 2018 208 662 A1 disclose the possibility of allowing the flush outlet to open into a toilet cistern 92, in which case a supplementary cold water flush outlet valve 94 may be provided, by means of which the toilet cistern 92 may be completely filled if the flushed-out hot drinking water is insufficient to fill it.
  • a supplementary cold water flush outlet valve 94 may be provided, by means of which the toilet cistern 92 may be completely filled if the flushed-out hot drinking water is insufficient to fill it.
  • the same is also provided for the service line 19C of the exemplary embodiment according to Figure 1.
  • the cold water flushing outlet valve 94 can also be used to flush the TWK line 80, for example to carry out a water exchange recommended for drinking water hygiene reasons or to specifically reduce the temperature in the TWK line 80 or parts thereof.
  • a cold water flushing line 81 which opens between the extraction points 12 of the usage lines 19A, 19B, 19C and the associated branches 16A, 16B, 16C of the DHW line 80 to these usage lines 19A, 19B, 19C from the DHW line 80 into the DHW line sections of these usage lines 19A, 19B, 19C.
  • These cold water flushing lines 81 can, as will be explained below by way of example, be selectively opened so that, if a flushing process known per se from the prior art for flushing with hot drinking water takes place, it may also be possible to flush with cold drinking water instead.
  • DHW line sections 71 can be defined, which extend from this opening to the ends of the respective usage lines 19A, 19B, 19C and, if a cold flush is to be carried out, can then also be flushed cold.
  • This hot water switching unit 20 comprises a hot water inlet flange 31 and a hot water pipe partial flange 33, which are fluidically connected to one another via a DHW (domestic hot water) arm 30, as well as a cold water inlet flange 42, which is fluidically connected to a cold water flushing arm 40 and opens into the DHW arm 30 at an opening 49.
  • a hot water switching unit 20 ensures that it can be inserted into the DHW line 70 with its water inlet flange 31 and the hot water pipe partial flange 33, so that domestic hot water can flow in the desired manner.
  • the respective flanges 31, 42, 33 are shown in Figure 2 by way of example as conventional flanges with flange rings, whereby these flanges 31, 42, 33 and also all other flanges shown here can be shaped according to specific requirements so that they can be connected in a suitable manner to the associated pipes, whereby in this regard all installation types known for drinking water supply regulations 10 can be used depending on the specific requirements.
  • a cold water control valve 46 is arranged in the cold water flushing arm 40, which serves as a cold water flushing valve 45 and can provide cold drinking water by opening and closing at the mouth 49.
  • a hot water control valve 36 is provided in the DHW arm 30 between the orifice 49 and the hot water inlet flange 31, by means of which the flow through the DHW arm 30 to the orifice 49 can be controlled.
  • This hot water control valve 36 serves in the present case as a hot water flush valve 35.
  • control valves 36, 46 are each driven by an electric motor. Depending on the specific implementation, other drive mechanisms may also be provided for these control valves 36, 46.
  • the orifice 49 can be realized by a passive coupling in the form of a T-piece, since ultimately all control processes can be implemented by the control valves 36, 46.
  • suitable directional control valves in particular discretely, i.e. non-proportionally, controlled or designed directional control valves, can be used at the orifice.
  • control valves 36, 46 or, if applicable, a corresponding directional control valve are controlled via a control unit 21, which is also provided in the hot water switching unit 20.
  • a check valve 34 is arranged in the DHW arm 30, preferably between the hot water inlet flange 31 and the hot water control valve 36, and a check valve 44 is arranged in the cold water flushing arm 40, preferably between the cold water inlet flange 42 and the cold water control valve 46.
  • a DHW arm temperature sensor 22 and a DHW arm pressure sensor 28 are arranged in the DHW arm 30, preferably between the orifice 49 and the hot water control valve 36.
  • the DHW arm pressure sensor 28 in particular, can be used, for example, to detect a demand for domestic hot water based on a change in pressure, for example, if an unusually high pressure drop is recorded during a cold flush, which exceeds the pressure drop that occurs during flushing. In such a case, the control unit 21 can then close the cold water control valve 46 or the cold water flush valve 45 and release the hot water control valve 36 or the hot water flush valve 35 accordingly.
  • a DHW arm pressure sensor 28 is accordingly advantageous, regardless of the other specific design of the hot water switching unit 20, in fluidic contact with a hot water pipe partial flange 33 of the hot water switching unit 20.
  • the DHW arm temperature sensor 22 can be used to monitor, if necessary, the temperature profile of the DHW arm 30 and thus also of the DHW line 70 in the vicinity of the hot water switching unit 20. If this temperature falls below a given value, a cold flush of the DHW line section 71 can be initiated - possibly after a certain time.
  • a TWK (cold drinking water) arm temperature sensor 23 is also arranged in the cold water flush arm 40, which can also be omitted if necessary.
  • This TWK arm temperature sensor 23 can also be used for monitoring purposes. If necessary, its monitoring function can also serve only special purposes. This allows, for example, the above-mentioned flushing target temperatures or thermal markers to be monitored in their respective configuration.
  • the corresponding hot water switching unit 20 can be used in a variety of ways or is only used in special cases, for example when flushing circulation is to be used for cold flushing.
  • control unit 21 is now enabled, for example via corresponding signal lines or corresponding control lines, to directly control the hot water flushing outlet valves 93 or the cold water flushing outlet valves 94.
  • the hot water switching unit 20 can be enabled to carry out cold flushing as required or in accordance with requirements.
  • a flushing switching unit 50 which in turn comprises a control unit 51 which can communicate, for example, via an electrical signal line or via electromagnetic signals with the control unit 21 of the hot water switching unit 20.
  • Corresponding signal connections can generally also be closed by untrained personnel or can even be set up automatically if appropriate programming is available.
  • Such a flushing switching unit 50 is shown as an example in Figure 3.
  • the flushing switching unit 50 shown as an example in Figure 3 comprises a hot water inlet flange 61, a cold water inlet flange 62 and a flushing flange 63, wherein the hot water inlet flange 61 is connected via a DHW (domestic hot water) arm 64 to a flushing arm 66, which in turn opens into the flushing flange 63, and wherein at the connection between the hot water inlet flange 61 and the flushing arm 66, a cold water flushing arm 65 opens, which is fluidically connected to the cold water inlet flange 62.
  • the connection is made as a passive coupling 67 in the form of a T-piece.
  • the flushing switching unit 50 comprises a hot water flushing outlet valve 55, which can be selectively opened and closed by the control unit 51 to initiate flushing. It is understood that in different embodiments, the control unit 21 of the hot water switching unit 20 can also directly address the hot water flushing outlet valve 55.
  • the cold water flushing arm 65 and/or the cold water inlet flange 62 may be dispensed with if a supplementary supply of cold drinking water does not appear necessary for the current use of this flushing switching unit 50. This may be the case, in particular, if the flushing of the drinking water lines is already ensured by other means, which can be carried out in a planned manner, for example, by means of self-flushing fittings.
  • flushing switching unit 50 is to be connected, for example, to a toilet cistern 92 or to other devices which can also be adequately supplied with cold drinking water, which may also be a washing machine, for example, it proves to be advantageous to also provide a cold water flushing outlet valve 56 in the flushing switching unit 50 so that cold drinking water can be made available optionally, which can preferably also be done via the control unit 51 or, if appropriate, also via an external control unit, such as the control unit 21 of the hot water switching unit 20.
  • valves of this flushing switching unit 50 may also be replaced by a suitable directional control valve, in particular by a discrete or discretely controlled directional control valve, which may be provided instead of the passive coupling 67.
  • check valves 54 are provided in the arms 64, 65, 66 of the flushing switching unit 50, this preferably being the case on the flange side of the respective arms 64, 65, 66.
  • the flushing switching unit 50 also has a hot water temperature sensor 52, which is arranged in the DHW arm 64.
  • This hot water temperature sensor 52 can, for example, detect the arrival of cold drinking water at the flushing switching unit 50, which can be interpreted as a thermal marker or by which it can be recognized that sufficient flushing has taken place.
  • the cold temperature sensor 23 of the hot water switching unit 20 can, if necessary, measure a temperature and the hot water switching unit 20 can, by means of a switching or active connection, pass on to the flushing switching unit 50 the information as to the temperature range in which the TWK of the flushing is to be expected.
  • a corresponding evaluation or information technology processing of the detection of a flushing target temperature or such a thermal marker takes place in the hot water switching unit 20, so that the flushing switching unit 50 only receives corresponding information and then, if necessary, receives and executes instructions on how to react, for example, to the thermal marker.
  • the cold flushing takes place for a little longer, even if the thermal marker has already reached the flushing switching unit 50, in order to ensure that the corresponding DHW line 70 or the DHW line section 71 has also cooled down accordingly in its material boundary, for example with its pipe wall.
  • the flushing switching unit 50 also includes a cold water temperature sensor 53, which, however, does not necessarily have to be provided initially. However, a corresponding cold water temperature sensor 53 may be useful in special cases, for example, when circulation is used for cold flushing or other special applications exist, so that it may well be expedient to already have this cold water temperature sensor 53 in the flushing switching unit 50.
  • the DHW arm pressure sensor 28 can be used to detect certain situations, such as domestic hot water requirements or flushing operations, so that the hot water switching unit 20 can react accordingly.
  • the hot water switching unit 20 can serve as a slave if it can distinguish between a flushing process and a request for domestic hot water via the different pressure drops.
  • the pressure in the TWK line 80 can also be monitored for this purpose if necessary.
  • any pressure sensor found in the TWK line 80 can be used for this purpose.
  • TWK arm pressure sensor 29 in the hot water switching unit 20 in its cold water flushing arm 40, as shown by way of example in Figure 4, so that pressure changes in the TWK- Line 80 can be monitored or recorded.
  • the demand behavior in the respective usage line 19A, 19B, 19C can be monitored in more detail in order to be able to initiate a cold flush at the most appropriate times if necessary.
  • control unit 21 it is conceivable to design the control unit 21 to be self-learning for this purpose or, if necessary, to link it in terms of information technology to one or more central processing units which are designed to be self-learning in order to carry out the cold rinsing at the most advantageous times possible.
  • a flushing switching unit 50 can also have a DHW arm pressure sensor 68 or a cold water pressure sensor 69.
  • This also enables an evaluation of corresponding demand pressure signals, which, in particular, if necessary in conjunction with a corresponding hot water switching unit 20 and communication of the associated control units 21, 51 or through the evaluation in a central control unit, enables detailed statements about the respective requirement profile in the associated usage line 19A, 19B, 19C.
  • the TWW arm pressure sensor 68 of the flushing switching unit 50 shown in Figure 5 is located on the side of the TWW arm 64 of the hot water inlet flange 61 facing away from the hot water flushing outlet valve 55.
  • the DHW arm pressure sensor 28 may also be arranged between the orifice 49 and the hot water pipe flange 33 instead of directly behind the hot water control valve 36 if this appears to be advantageous from a measurement point of view.
  • the hot water switching unit 20 additionally comprises a flushing flange 43, which is connected to the cold water flushing arm 40 via a check valve 38 and a flushing outlet valve 37, each provided in a flushing arm 41.
  • the connection can optionally also be made at the mouth 49 or at another location in the DHW arm 30.
  • the line part of the cold water flushing arm 40 which lies between the connection of the flushing arm 41 to the cold water flushing arm 40 and the mouth 49, can optionally also be regarded as part of the flushing arm 41 or as part of both the cold water flushing arm 40 and the flushing arm 41.
  • the cold water flush arm 40 and the associated cold water inlet flange 42 may also be omitted from this hot water switching unit 20, since in this implementation, cold drinking water can ultimately be supplied from the flush switching unit 50.
  • retaining these components allows for increased flexibility in the use of this hot water switching unit 20.
  • the orifice 49 is implemented by a passive coupling, whereby suitable directional control valves, in particular discrete or discretely controlled directional control valves, can also be used at this point.
  • a corresponding backflow can also occur, for example, through the flushing switching units 50, as shown in Figures 3 and 5, if a valve is added to their flushing arm 66, which prevents unwanted outflow through the flushing flange 63 of these flushing switching units 50, as long as the counterpressure of the check valve 54 present in the flushing arm 66 is not sufficient for this purpose.
  • a valve which performs a corresponding blocking function appears advantageous in any case.
  • the flushing switching unit 50 in a structurally simple manner, can realize a corresponding backflow by simply opening the cold water flushing outlet valve 56 if flushing is to be carried out.
  • the cold water flushing outlet valve 56 is controlled directly by the control unit 21 of the associated hot water switching unit 20, that is to say in particular by the hot water switching unit 20 according to Figure 6, which, as provided in the present embodiment, can be done via the control unit 51 by information technology means, in particular via electromagnetic signals.
  • the control unit 21 of the hot water switching unit 20 or a central control unit can directly address the cold water flushing outlet valve 56, for example via an electrical line, so that a separate molded flushing switching unit 50 can be dispensed with, since in such a case ultimately only the cold water flushing outlet valve 56 is connected to a cold water flushing line 81 provided at the end of the respective usage line 19A, 19B, 19C, which
  • the DHW line 80 must be used to connect the DHW line 70 or the DHW line section 71.
  • the check valve 54 should also be provided in the cold water flush arm 65 to reliably prevent unwanted crosstalk of domestic hot water from the DHW line 70 into the DHW line 80.
  • circulation lines 15A, 15B, 15C are provided for each utility line 19A, 19B, 19C, which in particular makes it possible to dispense with flush switching units 50, flush outlets 95 and hot water or cold water flush outlet valves 93, 94, which lead to toilets 91 or similar.
  • the hot water switching unit 20A shown in Figure 8 can be provided, which additionally has a circulation inlet flange 26 and a circulation outlet flange 27, which are connected to each other via a circulation arm 25.
  • a circulation valve 39 is also provided, which can be driven by a motor.
  • This flushing process can be monitored, if necessary, by the circulation arm temperature sensor 24 or by the DHW arm temperature sensor 22, whereby one of these temperature sensors 22, 24 can also be omitted in order to avoid redundancies.

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Abstract

La croissance des légionelles peut être minimisée si au moins une partie d'une conduite d'eau chaude sanitaire (ECS) est rincée à froid selon les besoins. Il n'est alors pas absolument nécessaire de maintenir des températures supérieures à 50 °C dans les parties correspondantes des conduites pendant des périodes prolongées, par exemple la nuit ou dans les maisons de vacances, dans les maisons des centres de vacances ou des casernes pendant des semaines ou des mois, ce qui, d'une part, n'a aucun sens du point de vue énergétique et, d'autre part, conduit à des plages de température dans lesquelles les légionelles peuvent se développer de manière préférentielle aux points de contact entre les conduites d'eau chaude sanitaire et les conduites d'eau froide potable, par exemple au niveau des points de prélèvement ou des pièces en T qui bifurquent vers de courtes conduites de dérivation. Le rinçage à froid peut abaisser rapidement et efficacement la température dans les parties correspondantes de la conduite, de sorte que le risque de développement de légionelles puisse être minimisé avec une consommation d'énergie réduite ou aussi faible que possible.
PCT/DE2024/101045 2023-12-07 2024-12-05 Procédé de mise à disposition d'eau potable, dispositif d'alimentation en eau potable et unité de commutation d'eau chaude et de rinçage Pending WO2025119433A2 (fr)

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DE102023134369.6 2023-12-07
DE102023134369 2023-12-07
DE102024100027.9A DE102024100027A1 (de) 2023-12-07 2024-01-02 Bereitstellungsverfahren zur Bereitstellung von Trinkwasser, Trinkwasserversorgungsanordnung sowie Warmwasser- und Spülschalteinheit
DE102024100027.9 2024-01-02
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