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WO2025116500A1 - Procédé et appareil de changement de période de surveillance de performance d'intelligence artificielle et/ou de modèle d'apprentissage automatique - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de changement de période de surveillance de performance d'intelligence artificielle et/ou de modèle d'apprentissage automatique Download PDF

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WO2025116500A1
WO2025116500A1 PCT/KR2024/018907 KR2024018907W WO2025116500A1 WO 2025116500 A1 WO2025116500 A1 WO 2025116500A1 KR 2024018907 W KR2024018907 W KR 2024018907W WO 2025116500 A1 WO2025116500 A1 WO 2025116500A1
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Prior art keywords
model
monitoring
period
performance monitoring
timer
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Korean (ko)
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이은종
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KT Corp
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KT Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06N—COMPUTING ARRANGEMENTS BASED ON SPECIFIC COMPUTATIONAL MODELS
    • G06N20/00—Machine learning
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/14—Network analysis or design
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L41/00—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks
    • H04L41/16—Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/04—Arrangements for maintaining operational condition
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W24/00—Supervisory, monitoring or testing arrangements
    • H04W24/08—Testing, supervising or monitoring using real traffic

Definitions

  • the above setting information further includes timer information, and the timer can be started based on the timer information.
  • the terminal can transmit the performance monitoring result of the AI/ML model to the base station, and the base station can receive it.
  • the terminal can restart the timer depending on the transmission of the performance monitoring result of the AI/ML model, and the base station can restart the timer depending on the reception of the performance monitoring result of the AI/ML model.
  • the second monitoring period can be shorter than the first monitoring period.
  • Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication system.
  • first, second, etc. used in this specification may be used to describe various components, but the components should not be limited by the terms. The terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.
  • first component may be referred to as the second component
  • second component may also be referred to as the first component.
  • a or B can mean “only A,” “only B,” or “both A and B.” In other words, as used herein, “A or B” can be interpreted as “A and/or B.” For example, as used herein, “A, B or C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.”
  • At least one of A and B can mean “only A”, “only B” or “both A and B”. Additionally, as used herein, the expressions “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” can be interpreted identically to “at least one of A and B”.
  • “at least one of A, B and C” can mean “only A,” “only B,” “only C,” or “any combination of A, B and C.” Additionally, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and/or C” can mean “at least one of A, B and C.”
  • control information when it is indicated as “control information (PDCCH)”, “PDCCH (Physical Downlink Control Channel)” may be suggested as an example of “control information”.
  • control information in this specification is not limited to “PDCCH”, and “PDDCH” may be suggested as an example of “control information”.
  • PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • PDCCH Physical Downlink Control Channel
  • the attached drawing illustrates an example of a UE (User Equipment), the illustrated UE may also be referred to as a terminal, an ME (Mobile Equipment), etc.
  • the UE may be a portable device such as a laptop, a mobile phone, a PDA, a smart phone, a multimedia device, etc., or a non-portable device such as a PC or a vehicle-mounted device.
  • UE is used as an example of a device capable of wireless communication (e.g., a wireless communication device, a wireless device, or a wireless device).
  • the operations performed by the UE can be performed by any device capable of wireless communication.
  • a device capable of wireless communication may also be referred to as a wireless communication device, a wireless device, or a wireless device.
  • base station generally refers to a fixed station that communicates with wireless devices, and can be used as a comprehensive term that includes eNodeB (evolved-NodeB), eNB (evolved-NodeB), BTS (Base Transceiver System), Access Point, gNB (Next generation NodeB), RRH (remote radio head), TP (transmission point), RP (reception point), relay, etc.
  • eNodeB evolved-NodeB
  • eNB evolved-NodeB
  • BTS Base Transceiver System
  • Access Point gNB (Next generation NodeB)
  • RRH remote radio head
  • TP transmission point
  • RP reception point
  • relay etc.
  • LTE long term evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • 5G 5th generation
  • ITU proposes three usage scenarios: eMBB (enhanced Mobile BroadBand), mMTC (massive Machine Type Communication), and URLLC (Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications).
  • eMBB enhanced Mobile BroadBand
  • mMTC massive Machine Type Communication
  • URLLC Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications
  • URLLC is for use scenarios that require high reliability and low latency.
  • services such as autonomous driving, factory automation, and augmented reality require high reliability and low latency (e.g., latency below 1ms).
  • the current latency of 4G (LTE) is statistically 21-43ms (best 10%), 33-75ms (median). This is insufficient to support services requiring latency below 1ms.
  • eMBB use scenarios are for use scenarios that require mobile ultra-wideband.
  • the 5th generation mobile communication system can support higher capacity than the current 4G LTE, increase the density of mobile broadband users, and support D2D (Device to Device), high stability, and MTC (Machine type communication).
  • 5G research and development also aims for lower standby time and lower battery consumption than the 4G mobile communication system to better implement the Internet of Things.
  • a new radio access technology (New RAT or NR) can be proposed.
  • the NR frequency band can be defined by two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2).
  • the numerical values of the frequency ranges can be changed, and for example, the two types of frequency ranges (FR1, FR2) can be as shown in Table 1 below.
  • FR1 can mean “sub 6GHz range”
  • FR2 can mean “above 6GHz range” and can be called millimeter wave (mmW).
  • mmW millimeter wave
  • FR1 can include a band of 410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 1. That is, FR1 can include a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher.
  • the frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or higher included in FR1 can include an unlicensed band.
  • the unlicensed band can be used for various purposes, for example, it can be used for communication for vehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).
  • 3GPP-based communication standards define downlink physical channels corresponding to resource elements carrying information originating from upper layers, and downlink physical signals corresponding to resource elements used by the physical layer but not carrying information originating from upper layers.
  • a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH), a physical broadcast channel (PBCH), a physical multicast channel (PMCH), a physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH), a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH), and a physical hybrid ARQ indicator channel (PHICH) are defined as downlink physical channels, and a reference signal and a synchronization signal are defined as downlink physical signals.
  • a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH), a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH), and a physical random access channel (PRACH) are defined as uplink physical channels
  • a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for uplink control/data signals
  • a sounding reference signal (SRS) used for uplink channel measurement are defined.
  • PDCCH Physical Downlink Control CHannel
  • PCFICH Physical Control Format Indicator CHannel
  • PHICH Physical Hybrid automatic retransmit request Indicator CHannel
  • PDSCH Physical Downlink Shared CHannel
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • CFI Control Format Indicator
  • Downlink ACK/NACK ACKnowlegement/Negative ACK
  • PUCCH Physical Uplink Control CHannel
  • PUSCH Physical Uplink Shared CHannel
  • PRACH Physical Random Access CHannel
  • UCI Uplink Control Information
  • Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating a wireless communication system.
  • the wireless communication system includes at least one base station (BS).
  • the BS is divided into a gNodeB (or gNB) (20a) and an eNodeB (or eNB) (20b).
  • the gNB (20a) supports 5th generation mobile communication.
  • the eNB (20b) supports 4th generation mobile communication, i.e., LTE (long term evolution).
  • Each base station (20a and 20b) provides communication services for a specific geographic area (generally called a cell) (20-1, 20-2, 20-3).
  • the cell may be further divided into a number of areas (called sectors).
  • a UE usually belongs to one cell, and the cell to which the UE belongs is called a serving cell.
  • a base station that provides communication services for a serving cell is called a serving BS. Since a wireless communication system is a cellular system, there are other cells adjacent to the serving cell. Other cells adjacent to a serving cell are called neighbor cells.
  • a base station that provides communication services for a neighbor cell is called a neighbor BS. The serving cell and neighbor cells are determined relatively based on the UE.
  • downlink means communication from a base station (20) to a UE (10)
  • uplink means communication from a UE (10) to a base station (20).
  • the transmitter may be part of the base station (20), and the receiver may be part of the UE (10).
  • the transmitter may be part of the UE (10), and the receiver may be part of the base station (20).
  • wireless communication systems can be largely divided into FDD (frequency division duplex) and TDD (time division duplex).
  • FDD frequency division duplex
  • TDD time division duplex
  • uplink transmission and downlink transmission are performed while occupying different frequency bands.
  • TDD time division duplex
  • the channel response of the TDD method is substantially reciprocal. This means that the downlink channel response and the uplink channel response are almost the same in a given frequency domain. Therefore, in a wireless communication system based on TDD, the downlink channel response has the advantage of being able to be obtained from the uplink channel response.
  • the entire frequency band is time-divided into uplink transmission and downlink transmission, so the downlink transmission by the base station and the uplink transmission by the UE cannot be performed simultaneously.
  • uplink transmission and downlink transmission are divided into subframe units, uplink transmission and downlink transmission are performed in different subframes.
  • Figure 2 illustrates the structure of a radio frame used in NR.
  • a radio frame has a length of 10 ms and is defined by two 5 ms half-frames (Half-Frames, HF).
  • a half-frame is defined by five 1 ms subframes (Subframes, SF).
  • a subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number of slots in a subframe depends on the Subcarrier Spacing (SCS).
  • SCS Subcarrier Spacing
  • Each slot contains 12 or 14 OFDM (A) symbols depending on the cyclic prefix (CP). When a normal CP is used, each slot contains 14 symbols. When an extended CP is used, each slot contains 12 symbols.
  • a symbol may include an OFDM symbol (or a CP-OFDM symbol), an SC-FDMA symbol (or a DFT-s-OFDM symbol).
  • the above numerology can be defined by the CP (cycle prefix) length and the subcarrier spacing (SCS).
  • One cell can provide multiple numerologies to the terminal.
  • the index of the numerology is represented as ⁇
  • each subcarrier spacing and the corresponding CP length can be as shown in the table below.
  • N slot symb the number of OFDM symbols per slot
  • N frame, ⁇ slot the number of slots per frame
  • N subframe, ⁇ slot the number of slots per subframe
  • OFDM(A) numerology e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.
  • OFDM(A) numerology e.g., SCS, CP length, etc.
  • the (absolute time) section of a time resource e.g., SF, slot, or TTI
  • TU Time Unit
  • Figures 3a to 3c are exemplary diagrams showing exemplary architectures for wireless communication services.
  • the UE is connected to an LTE/LTE-A based cell and an NR based cell in a DC (dual connectivity) manner.
  • DC dual connectivity
  • the above NR-based cell is connected to the core network for existing 4th generation mobile communications, i.e. Evolved Packet Core (EPC).
  • EPC Evolved Packet Core
  • NSA non-standalone
  • the UE is connected only to NR-based cells.
  • a service method based on this architecture is called SA (standalone).
  • Figure 4 illustrates the slot structure of an NR frame.
  • a slot includes multiple symbols in the time domain. For example, in the case of a normal CP, one slot includes 14 symbols, but in the case of an extended CP, one slot includes 12 symbols.
  • a carrier includes multiple subcarriers in the frequency domain.
  • An RB Resource Block
  • a BWP Bandwidth Part
  • a terminal can be configured with up to N (e.g., 4) BWPs in the downlink and uplink, respectively.
  • each element is referred to as a Resource Element (RE), to which one complex symbol can be mapped.
  • RE Resource Element
  • Figure 5 shows examples of subframe types in NR.
  • the TTI (transmission time interval) illustrated in FIG. 5 may be called a subframe or slot for NR (or new RAT).
  • the subframe (or slot) of FIG. 5 may be used in a TDD system of NR (or new RAT) to minimize data transmission delay.
  • the subframe (or slot) includes 14 symbols.
  • the symbols in the front of the subframe (or slot) may be used for a downlink (DL) control channel, and the symbols in the back of the subframe (or slot) may be used for an uplink (UL) control channel.
  • the remaining symbols may be used for DL data transmission or UL data transmission.
  • downlink transmission and uplink transmission may be sequentially performed in one subframe (or slot). Therefore, downlink data may be received within a subframe (or slot), and an uplink acknowledgement (ACK/NACK) may be transmitted within the subframe (or slot).
  • ACK/NACK uplink acknowledgement
  • subframes or slots
  • slots self-contained subframes
  • the first N symbols in a slot are used to transmit a DL control channel (hereinafter, DL control region), and the last M symbols in the slot can be used to transmit a UL control channel (hereinafter, UL control region).
  • N and M are each an integer greater than or equal to 0.
  • a resource region (hereinafter, data region) between the DL control region and the UL control region can be used for DL data transmission or UL data transmission.
  • a physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) can be transmitted in the DL control region
  • a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) can be transmitted in the DL data region.
  • a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) can be transmitted in the UL control region, and a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) can be transmitted in the UL data region.
  • a time gap may be required for a transition process from a transmission mode to a reception mode or from a reception mode to a transmission mode.
  • some OFDM symbols when switching from DL to UL in the subframe structure can be set as a guard period (GP).
  • Figure 6 illustrates the structure of a self-contained slot.
  • a frame is characterized by a self-contained structure in which a DL control channel, DL or UL data, and a UL control channel can all be included in one slot.
  • the first N symbols in a slot can be used to transmit a DL control channel (hereinafter, referred to as a DL control region), and the last M symbols in a slot can be used to transmit a UL control channel (hereinafter, referred to as a UL control region).
  • N and M are each integers greater than or equal to 0.
  • a resource region hereinafter, referred to as a data region
  • a data region between the DL control region and the UL control region can be used for DL data transmission or UL data transmission.
  • the following configuration can be considered. Each section is listed in chronological order.
  • DL Area (i) DL Data Area, (ii) DL Control Area + DL Data Area
  • UL domain (i) UL data domain, (ii) UL data domain + UL control domain.
  • a PDCCH In the DL control region, a PDCCH can be transmitted, and in the DL data region, a PDSCH can be transmitted.
  • a PUCCH In the UL control region, a PUCCH can be transmitted, and in the UL data region, a PUSCH can be transmitted.
  • DCI Downlink Control Information
  • UCI Uplink Control Information
  • ACK/NACK Positive Acknowledgement/Negative Acknowledgement
  • CSI Channel State Information
  • SR Service Request
  • GP provides a time gap during the process in which a base station and a terminal switch from a transmission mode to a reception mode or during the process in which they switch from a reception mode to a transmission mode. Some symbols at the time of switching from DL to UL within a subframe can be set to GP.
  • the current beam management method of 3GPP NR can be divided into the initial access phase and the cell connection establishment phase.
  • a terminal performing the initial access procedure establishes its initial transmit/receive (Tx/Rx) beam through a random access procedure, i.e., a RACH (random access channel) procedure.
  • Tx/Rx transmit/receive
  • RACH random access channel
  • Figure 7 shows an example of initial beam measurement and selection in NR.
  • the base station in order to provide base station transmission beam (gNB Tx beam) setting to terminals (UE1/UE2) without cell connection, the base station repeatedly transmits SSBs (synchronization signal blocks) to which beams in different directions are mapped periodically. And, SSBs can be transmitted at 20ms cycles within 5ms. Specifically, the default value for initial cell selection can be 20ms.
  • a terminal can select a qualified SSB through signal measurement for periodically transmitted SSBs and transmit a PRACH (physical random access channel) preamble mapped to the selected SSB, thereby informing the base station of information about the selected Tx beam.
  • PRACH physical random access channel
  • terminals at different locations i.e., UE1, can select an SSB having an SSB index of 3 and UE2, can select an SSB having an SSB index of 9, and then UE1 and UE2 can each transmit a corresponding PRACH preamble for the selected SSB.
  • UE1 and UE2 can each transmit a corresponding PRACH preamble for the selected SSB.
  • each SSB is beamformed in a specific direction.
  • Figure 8 shows an example of an initial connection procedure between a terminal and a base station in NR.
  • the UE receives cell-related parameter information (e.g., PRACH information corresponding to each SSB) required in the initial access stage through a system information message transmitted by a base station (gNB) (S802).
  • the system information message includes a master information block (MIB) and a system information block 1 (SIB1) including cell common information.
  • MIB master information block
  • SIB1 system information block 1
  • the terminal transmits an RA (random access) preamble belonging to the PRACH resource corresponding to the selected SSB (beam) to the base station (S805). Through this, the terminal can inform the base station of the selected initial beam information.
  • RA random access
  • the base station receives an RA (random access) preamble belonging to a PRACH resource corresponding to an SSB (beam) selected from a terminal, and in response transmits an RAR (random access response) to the terminal using the selected SSB (beam) (S806).
  • RA random access
  • RAR random access response
  • a base station that does not know the location/beam information of a terminal that first enters a cell i.e., a terminal performing the CBRA (contention based random access) procedure
  • a terminal performing the CBRA (contention based random access) procedure can set up to 64 beams in common (cell commonly) for the beam setting of a terminal that has no connection, and the terminal sequentially measures all beams to find the optimal beam at its location. This not only causes a time delay in beam selection and cell connection as the number of beams in the cell increases, but can also increase the power consumption of the terminal by requiring the terminal to measure a large number of beams.
  • the base station can identify the approximate location/beam of the initially connected terminal by mapping a wide beam for SSB, and can set a narrow beam through a beam refinement operation after the terminal accesses the cell.
  • the narrow beam provides a high data rate to the terminal
  • the base station allocates a CSI resource (CSI-RS/SSB) to which a candidate beam is mapped to the terminal in a UE-specific manner, so that the terminal continuously measures the surrounding beam strength and reports the measurement result to the base station.
  • CSI-RS/SSB CSI resource
  • Figure 9 shows an example of candidate beam settings in NR.
  • a terminal that has received a beam report performs a report based on the configuration of the base station by measuring the reference signal (RS) allocated to it.
  • RS reference signal
  • this UE-specific CSI configuration method has a problem in that as the number of terminals in a cell increases, the RS resources allocated to each terminal also rapidly increase.
  • the base station can select a method of allocating the same candidate beam, i.e., CSI resources, to terminals in similar locations, as shown in Fig. 9. This can be called UE group-specific CSI resource configuration.
  • CSI resources i.e., CSI resources
  • the base station can operate candidate beams by appropriately increasing the number of beams belonging to the CSI resource set.
  • the increased number of beams increases the burden on measurement.
  • Figures 10a to 10c illustrate three procedures for beam management in NR.
  • Beam management in NR can be defined by dividing into three procedures in terms of procedures defined in the physical layer.
  • Fig. 10a shows Procedure 1 (P1)
  • Fig. 10b shows Procedure 2 (P2)
  • Fig. 10c shows Procedure 3 (P3), respectively.
  • P1 is an operation to find a transmission reception point (TRP) beam sweeping and UE beam sweeping simultaneously while performing beam setting of a terminal performing the initial access procedure described above.
  • a terminal entering the connected mode recognizes that beams set by the base station through candidate beam (i.e., CSI resource set) setting will be swept, and first performs signal strength measurement for the TRP beam.
  • the base station When the TRP beam of the terminal is selected through P2, the base station repeatedly transmits the selected one beam through P3.
  • the terminal can select a UE beam while performing UE beam sweeping. It is up to the terminal implementation which beam the UE selects in this operation.
  • the above-described operation can be applied to both downlink (DL) and uplink (UL).
  • Figures 11a to 11c illustrate examples of beam reporting procedures in NR.
  • Beam sweeping uses a method in which the base station notifies the terminal of reference signal (RS) resource information by setting a specific candidate beam, i.e., a CSI resource set, so that information about the beam is implicitly notified by mapping it with the RS resource information. That is, rather than notifying the terminal of the actual beam index, the base station recognizes the information about the mapped beam through the index information implicitly mapped to the RS information using the RS resource indicator (RI). This is set using the 3GPP CSI framework, and the terminal implicitly reports RSRP information about the best four beams (RIs) to the base station by measuring the RS strength for the resources set by the base station.
  • the method for reporting the measurement results also depends on the RRC setting of the base station, and 3GPP defines it to be set in one of the following three ways.
  • FIG. 11a shows a periodic CSI reporting method, which is triggered through RRC configuration. That is, the terminal receives an RRC configuration message from the base station, and the RRC configuration message includes settings for CSI-related RS resources and reporting methods, i.e., CSI resource set information, and information that CSI reporting is periodic (S1101a). Thereafter, the terminal receives RSs periodically transmitted based on the received RRC configuration message (S1102a and S1105a), and measures signal strength for a beam based on the received RSs (S1103a and S1106a). Then, the terminal periodically reports the measured result (value) to the base station (S1104a and S1107a).
  • the terminal receives an RRC configuration message from the base station, and the RRC configuration message includes settings for CSI-related RS resources and reporting methods, i.e., CSI resource set information, and information that CSI reporting is periodic (S1101a). Thereafter, the terminal receives RSs periodically transmitted based on the received RRC configuration
  • FIG. 11b shows an aperiodic CSI reporting method. Even if CSI-related RS resources and a reporting method are configured through an RRC configuration message, beam measurement through RS is not performed without a trigger message (or information) from a lower layer. That is, the terminal receives an RRC configuration message including configuration of CSI-related RS resources and a reporting method, that is, CSI resource set information and information that CSI reporting is aperiodic, from the base station (S1101b), and the CSI report trigger is performed through a medium access control (MAC) control element (CE) or downlink control information (DCI).
  • MAC medium access control
  • CE control element
  • DCI downlink control information
  • the terminal receives CSI report trigger information including a trigger indication from the base station through the MAC CE or DCI (S1102b), and receives RSs transmitted once based on the received trigger indication (S1103b).
  • the transmission of RSs for the CSI resource set can be transmitted after a specific time (e.g., X slots) at which the CSI report trigger information is transmitted.
  • the terminal measures the signal strength for the beam based on the received RSs (S1104b).
  • the terminal reports the measured result (value) to the base station once (S1105b).
  • the CSI report can be transmitted after a specific time (e.g., Y slots) at which the CSI report trigger information is received.
  • Fig. 11c shows a semi-persistent reporting method, which is an intermediate method between the periodic reporting method and the aperiodic reporting method.
  • the terminal Upon receiving a configuration for CSI-related RS resources and a reporting method through an RRC configuration message, the terminal performs CSI reporting periodically until it receives a deactivation message (or information) only when activated by MAC CE. That is, the terminal receives an RRC configuration message including a configuration for CSI-related RS resources and a reporting method, that is, CSI resource set information and information that CSI reporting is semi-persistent, from the base station (S1101c), and CSI report activation is performed through MAC CE.
  • a terminal receives CSI report activation information including an activation indication from a base station via MAC CE (S1102c and S1110c), receives RSs periodically transmitted based on the received activation indication (S1103c, S1106c, S1111c and S1114c), and measures signal strength for a beam based on the received RSs (S1104c, S1107c, S1112c and S1115c). Then, the terminal periodically reports the measured result (value) to the base station (S1105c, S1108c, S1113c and S1116c). After CSI reporting is activated, if CSI report deactivation information including a deactivation indication is received from the base station via MAC CE (S1109c), the terminal stops CSI reporting.
  • 3GPP is conducting research on technology that applies AI/ML models to improve delay and terminal power consumption in the aforementioned beam search (measurement).
  • Terminology Description Data collection The process of collecting data by network nodes, management entities, or UEs for the purpose of AI/ML model training, data analysis, and inference.
  • AI/ML Model Data-driven algorithms that apply AI/ML techniques to generate output sets based on input sets.
  • AI/ML model training The process of training an AI/ML model [by learning input/output relationships] in a data-driven manner and obtaining a trained AI/ML model for inference.
  • AI/ML model inference The process of using a trained AI/ML model to generate a set of outputs based on a set of inputs.
  • AI/ML model validation A sub-process of training that evaluates the quality of an AI/ML model using a different dataset than the one used to train the model, helping to select model parameters that generalize beyond the dataset used to train the model.
  • AI/ML model testing A sub-process of training to evaluate the performance of the final AI/ML model using a different dataset than that used for model training and validation. Unlike AI/ML model validation, testing does not assume any subsequent tuning of the model. (A subprocess of training, to evaluate the performance of a final AI/ML model using a dataset different from one used for model training and validation.
  • AI/ML model AI/ML models where inference is performed entirely on the UE
  • AI/ML model AI/ML models where inference is performed entirely on the network
  • AI/ML models where inference is performed entirely on the network
  • One-sided (AI/ML) model UE-side (AI/ML) model or network-side (AI/ML) model A UE-side (AI/ML) model or a Network-side (AI/ML) model
  • Two-sided (AI/ML) model A pair of AI/ML model(s) on which joint inference is performed.
  • Joint inference is AI/ML inference where inference is performed jointly by the UE and the network, i.e., the first part of the inference is performed by the UE first and the remaining part by the gNB, or vice versa.
  • Model download Transferring models from network to UE Model transfer from the network to UE
  • Model upload Transferring models from UE to network Model transfer from UE to the network
  • Federated learning / federated training A machine learning technique that trains AI/ML models on multiple distributed edge nodes (e.g., UEs, gNBs), each performing local model training using local data samples. This technique requires multiple interactions of the model, but does not require the exchange of local data samples.
  • a machine learning technique that trains an AI/ML model across multiple decentralized edge nodes (eg, UEs, gNBs) each performing local model training using local data samples. The technique requires multiple interactions of the model, but no exchange of local data samples.
  • Offline field data Data collected in the field and used for offline training of AI/ML models The data collected from field and used for offline training of the AI/ML model
  • Online field data Data collected in the field and used for online training of AI/ML models The data collected from field and used for online training of the AI/ML model
  • Model monitoring Procedure for monitoring the inference performance of AI/ML models A procedure that monitors the inference performance of the AI/ML model
  • Supervised learning The process of training a model from inputs and their labels.
  • Unsupervised learning The process of training a model without labeled data.
  • Semi-supervised learning The process of training a model using a mixture of labeled and unlabeled data.
  • Reinforcement Learning (RL)Reinforcement Learning (RL) The process of training an AI/ML model from feedback signals (reward) based on inputs (states) and outputs (actions) of the model in an environment where the model interacts.
  • the current AI/ML model aims to apply the output through model inference to communication techniques to reduce DL (downlink) RS (reference signal) overhead and terminal measurement burden, and to improve the overall system performance by obtaining more accurate results using the model.
  • DL downlink
  • RS reference signal
  • a continuous monitoring process is required.
  • various metrics were defined as candidates during the previous study period, and depending on which node performs such performance monitoring, the reporting information from the terminal to the base station can also be defined in various ways.
  • this specification proposes that when a benchmark/reference RS resource for measuring the performance of an operating model is transmitted periodically at a terminal or base station performing wireless communication using an AI/ML model, the period for the corresponding resource can be set to at least one period based on a DL RS period set for model inference. Additionally, when more than one monitoring period is set for the terminal, we propose a method of adaptively changing the model monitoring period based on the model performance result and arbitrary settings/conditions.
  • the base station when the base station sets DL RS resources for model inference for the terminal, it sets additional DL RS resources associated with the DL RS resources for model inference for the purpose of monitoring, and the DL RS resources for monitoring can have at least one or more than one period.
  • the transmission period for the DL RS resources for monitoring can be set to a period(s) that is a multiple of n (wherein, n is a natural number greater than 1) based on the transmission period of the DL RS resources for model inference.
  • Figure 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a terminal according to one embodiment of the present specification.
  • the base station When one or more model monitoring periods are set for a terminal, the base station clearly notifies the terminal of a change in the monitoring DL RS transmission period based on information received from the terminal (e.g., a monitoring result or assistance information) or internal information of the base station, or defines that the terminal and the base station recognize the change in the monitoring DL RS transmission period based on an arbitrary condition (e.g., a timer or count).
  • information received from the terminal e.g., a monitoring result or assistance information
  • internal information of the base station e.g., a timer or count
  • the terminal receives an RRC message including DL RS resource information having at least one cycle for model monitoring from a base station (S1201).
  • the terminal performs model monitoring for each first cycle based on the received information (S1202).
  • the terminal confirms that a condition set for cycle change is satisfied (S1203).
  • satisfaction of the condition may be timer expiration or reaching a maximum COUNT value.
  • the terminal performs model monitoring for each second cycle (S1204).
  • FIG. 13 is an example showing multi-level model monitoring according to one embodiment of the present specification.
  • the monitoring cycle proposed in this specification can be set to at least one or more cycles (i.e., 1st to Nth cycles) for each terminal/model/function as a multiple (N*x) of the inference cycle (x) for the corresponding model, as shown in Fig. 13.
  • the terminal performs inference using the DL RS for model inference transmitted from the base station based on the inference cycle (x), and performs model monitoring using the DL RS for model monitor transmitted from the base station based on the monitoring cycle (e.g., N*x).
  • the terminal may start monitoring by setting the shortest period (e.g., 1st period) as the default model monitoring period or may start monitoring by explicitly receiving the default monitoring period from the base station.
  • the shortest period e.g., 1st period
  • the terminal when the terminal is set with n model monitoring periods, the terminal starts model monitoring with the indicated or default model monitoring period.
  • the 1st to Nth model monitoring periods are set in the order of the length of the period from the shortest period.
  • the base station and the terminal may want to change the model monitoring to a longer period according to the performance result value of the model or any set condition.
  • the following can be set to implicitly change the model monitoring cycle of the terminal by setting parameters such as a timer or COUNT.
  • This is preferably applied when the terminal calculates a monitoring performance metric. That is, when the terminal calculates a metric and reports the corresponding result value to the base station only under a specific condition (for example, when the performance result is lower than or equal to a set threshold), the terminal and the base station can mutually manage the timer or COUNT operation based on the corresponding model performance result value, and change the monitoring cycle according to the expiration of the timer or the arrival of the set COUNT value.
  • Option 1 Change the model monitoring based on timer
  • the terminal can be configured to receive monitoring-related DL RSs with one or more periods from the base station and be configured to report model monitoring results periodically or aperiodically.
  • a value for the timer proposed in this specification can be included in the message for configuration.
  • FIG. 14 is an example showing a timer-based model monitoring cycle change according to one embodiment of the present specification.
  • a terminal When a terminal is configured with a timer associated with an aperiodic report and a monitoring cycle, the terminal starts the configured timer at the time defined below.
  • the terminal reports to the base station a result indicating that the model performance is poor as a result of model monitoring (for example, a model performance result value below the threshold set by the base station or an indicator indicating the same meaning), the timer is restarted and the terminal changes the monitoring period to a shorter period than the current period.
  • a result indicating that the model performance is poor as a result of model monitoring for example, a model performance result value below the threshold set by the base station or an indicator indicating the same meaning
  • the terminal changes the model monitoring period to a period longer than the current period and performs monitoring based on the changed period.
  • the timer can be restarted according to the start condition of the timer.
  • the timer expiration may be defined to trigger signaling generation for the terminal or the base station to request/indicate a change in the model monitoring period. That is, when the timer expires, the terminal may request/indicate a change in the monitoring period (e.g., to a longer period) to the base station via uplink control information (UCI) or medium access control (MAC) control element (CE), or the base station may instruct the terminal to change the monitoring period via downlink control information (DCI) or MAC CE.
  • UCI uplink control information
  • MAC medium access control
  • CE medium access control element
  • the timer can be set to a value corresponding to the monitoring period as the number of monitoring periods (n) or as a number (n-1) less than the number of set periods, or can be set to a single value for the terminal. If the timer is set to a number less than the number of set periods or if one timer is set for the terminal, when the terminal performs model monitoring using the longest period (Nth period), the timer does not run, and the timer is restarted by the monitoring result report, and the monitoring period can be changed to a shorter period than the current period. When operating with the shortest period (1st period) among the set period, the timer is restarted without changing the period even if the model monitoring result is reported. In other words, this means that the timer is restarted while performing a period change to a shorter period than the current period by reporting the model monitoring result only when model monitoring is performed based on a period excluding the shortest period (1st period).
  • a life cycle management (LCM) related signal is sent or received, such as deactivating the currently active model, switching to a new model, or falling back to legacy operation, the timer is stopped.
  • LCM life cycle management
  • FIG. 15 is an example showing a timer-based model monitoring cycle change according to another embodiment of the present specification.
  • a terminal When a terminal is set to receive monitoring-related DL RSs with one or more periods from a base station and is set to periodically report model monitoring results, the terminal starts the corresponding timer at the time defined below.
  • the timer can be defined to restart when reporting to the base station a result indicating that the model performance is poor (for example, a model performance result value below the threshold set by the base station or an indicator indicating the same meaning) in the same manner as the aperiodic reporting method described above, thereby changing the monitoring cycle at the same time as the aperiodic reporting method.
  • a result indicating that the model performance is poor for example, a model performance result value below the threshold set by the base station or an indicator indicating the same meaning
  • the terminal receives an RRC message from the base station including configuration information for DL RS resources and reports related to the AI/ML model.
  • the message may include at least one of the following information:
  • the inference cycle (e.g., x slots) setting information may be included.
  • - DL RS resource and reporting method setting information for AI/ML model monitoring associated with AI/ML model inference where i) at least one monitoring period (e.g., x slots and 2x slots) setting information, ii) timer value setting information associated with monitoring, and/or iii) aperiodic reporting setting information and condition setting information for reporting (e.g., when performance results indicate poor performance below a threshold) may be included.
  • at least one monitoring period e.g., x slots and 2x slots
  • timer value setting information associated with monitoring e.g., timer value setting information associated with monitoring
  • aperiodic reporting setting information and condition setting information for reporting e.g., when performance results indicate poor performance below a threshold
  • the terminal performs monitoring based on the period according to the received RRC message.
  • the period may be the first period (1st period) according to the RRC message or a specific period (ith period).
  • the configured timer is started.
  • the terminal reports the model monitoring result to the base station, ii) restarts the timer, and iii) if there is a monitoring period shorter than the current period, changes the monitoring period to a shorter period.
  • the terminal decides to change the monitoring period to a period ((i+1)th period) that is longer than the current period (ith period), and performs monitoring based on the changed period thereafter.
  • life cycle management (LCM) instruction e.g. model deactivation/switching/fallback
  • the base station transmits an RRC message to the terminal containing configuration information for DL RS resources and reports related to the AI/ML model.
  • the message may include at least one of the following information:
  • the inference cycle (e.g., x slots) setting information may be included.
  • - DL RS resource and reporting method setting information for AI/ML model monitoring associated with AI/ML model inference wherein, i) at least one monitoring period (e.g., x slots and 2x slots) setting information, ii) timer value setting information associated with monitoring, and/or iii) aperiodic reporting setting information and condition setting information for reporting (e.g., when performance result is below threshold) may be included.
  • at least one monitoring period e.g., x slots and 2x slots
  • timer value setting information associated with monitoring e.g., timer value setting information associated with monitoring
  • aperiodic reporting setting information and condition setting information for reporting e.g., when performance result is below threshold
  • the base station transmits DL RS for monitoring based on the period according to the transmitted RRC message.
  • the period may be the first period (1st period) according to the RRC message or a specific period (ith period).
  • the configured timer is started.
  • the timer is restarted, and iii) if there is a monitoring period shorter than the current period, DL RS is transmitted based on the shorter period.
  • the base station decides to change the monitoring period to a longer period ((i+1)th period) than the current period (ith period), and then transmits DL RS based on the changed period.
  • the terminal transmits a life cycle management (LCM) instruction (e.g. model deactivation/switching/fallback) signal for the model, the timer is stopped.
  • LCM life cycle management
  • the terminal can be set to receive monitoring-related DL RSs with one or more periods from the base station and be set to report model monitoring results periodically or aperiodically.
  • the message for setting can include the maximum value (MAX value) for COUNT proposed in this specification.
  • Figure 16 is an example showing a COUNT-based model monitoring cycle change according to one embodiment of the present specification.
  • the terminal When the terminal receives a monitoring-related DL RS with one or more periods from the base station and is set to report model monitoring results aperiodically, the terminal sets the COUNT parameter to 0.
  • COUNT is increased by 1.
  • COUNT is reset to 0, and if there is a shorter period than the current period, the monitoring period is changed to a shorter period.
  • COUNT reaches the MAX value
  • the terminal changes the period to a longer period than the current period and performs monitoring based on the changed period.
  • COUNT is reset to 0.
  • the terminal or base station may trigger signaling generation to request/indicate a change in the model monitoring period. That is, when the timer expires, the terminal may request/indicate a change in the monitoring period (e.g., to a longer period) to the base station via UCI or MAC CE transmission, or the base station may instruct the terminal to change the monitoring period via DCI or MAC CE transmission.
  • the COUNT can be set to different values for the terminal cycle or for the terminal. If it is set to the terminal cycle, it is preferable that the COUNT value corresponding to the monitoring cycle be set to a number (n-1) less than the number of monitoring cycles.
  • the terminal receives an RRC message from the base station including configuration information for DL RS resources and reports related to the AI/ML model.
  • the message may include at least one of the following information:
  • the inference cycle (e.g., x slots) setting information may be included.
  • i) at least one monitoring period (e.g., x slots and 2x slots) setting information, ii) COUNT MAX value setting information associated with monitoring, and/or iii) aperiodic reporting setting information and condition setting information for reporting (e.g., when performance result is below a threshold and indicates poor performance) may be included.
  • the terminal sets the COUNT parameter to 0.
  • the terminal performs monitoring based on the period according to the received RRC message.
  • the period may be the first period (1st period) according to the RRC message or a specific period (ith period).
  • COUNT is increased by 1.
  • the terminal reports the model monitoring result to the base station, ii) resets COUNT, and iii) if the current cycle is not the shortest cycle among the set cycles, the monitoring cycle is changed to a shorter cycle than the current cycle and monitoring is performed.
  • the terminal decides to change the monitoring period to a period longer than the current period, ii) performs model monitoring based on the changed period, and iii) resets COUNT.
  • a life cycle management (LCM) instruction e.g. model deactivation/switching/fallback
  • the COUNT is set to 0.
  • the base station transmits an RRC message to the terminal containing configuration information for DL RS resources and reports related to the AI/ML model.
  • the message may include at least one of the following information:
  • the inference cycle (e.g., x slots) setting information may be included.
  • i) at least one monitoring period (e.g., x slots and 2x slots) setting information, ii) COUNT MAX value setting information associated with monitoring, and/or iii) aperiodic reporting setting information and condition setting information for reporting (e.g., when performance result is below threshold) may be included.
  • the base station sets the COUNT parameter to 0.
  • the base station transmits DL RS for monitoring based on the period according to the transmitted RRC message.
  • the period may be the first period (1st period) according to the RRC message or a specific period (ith period).
  • COUNT is increased by 1.
  • COUNT is reset
  • the base station decides to change the monitoring period to a longer period than the current period, ii) transmits DL RS for model monitoring based on the changed period, and iii) resets COUNT.
  • LCM life cycle management instructions (e.g. model deactivation/switching/fallback) signaling for the model, set the COUNT to 0.
  • a change in the monitoring period can be notified to a lower layer (e.g., PHY layer).
  • FIG. 17 is a flowchart illustrating a method of operating a terminal according to another embodiment of the present specification.
  • the terminal receives configuration information for performance monitoring of the AI/ML model from the base station (S1701).
  • the configuration information may include information on at least one monitoring period and period change condition associated with a reference signal (RS).
  • RS reference signal
  • the terminal performs performance monitoring of the AI/ML model based on a first monitoring cycle among at least one monitoring cycle (S1702).
  • the terminal performs performance monitoring of the AI/ML model based on the second monitoring cycle among at least one monitoring cycle, depending on satisfaction of the cycle change condition (S1703).
  • the above periodic change conditions may include aperiodic reporting conditions of performance monitoring results of the AI/ML model.
  • the above setting information further includes timer information, and the timer can be started based on the timer information. While the timer is running, depending on the satisfaction of the aperiodic reporting condition of the performance monitoring result of the AI/ML model, the terminal can transmit the performance monitoring result of the AI/ML model to the base station. In addition, the terminal can restart the timer depending on the transmission of the performance monitoring result of the AI/ML model.
  • the second monitoring period can be shorter than the first monitoring period.
  • the above setting information further includes timer information, and when a timer started based on the timer information expires, performance monitoring of the AI/ML model can be performed based on the second monitoring period.
  • the second monitoring period can be longer than the first monitoring period.
  • the terminal may transmit the performance monitoring result of the AI/ML model to the base station according to the satisfaction of the aperiodic reporting condition of the performance monitoring result of the AI/ML model.
  • the COUNT value may be reset.
  • the second monitoring period may be shorter than the first monitoring period.
  • the above setting information further includes information on a COUNT MAX value associated with performance monitoring of the AI/ML model, and when the increased COUNT value associated with performance monitoring of the AI/ML model reaches the COUNT MAX value, performance monitoring of the AI/ML model can be performed based on the second monitoring period.
  • the second monitoring period can be longer than the first monitoring period.
  • FIG. 18 is a flowchart illustrating an operation method of a base station according to one embodiment of the present specification.
  • the base station transmits configuration information for performance monitoring of the AI/ML model to the terminal (S1801).
  • the configuration information may include information on at least one monitoring period and period change condition associated with a reference signal (RS).
  • the base station transmits a reference signal based on a first monitoring period among at least one monitoring period (S1802).
  • the base station transmits a reference signal based on a second monitoring cycle among at least one monitoring cycle, depending on satisfaction of the cycle change condition (S1803).
  • the above periodic change conditions may include aperiodic reporting conditions of performance monitoring results of the AI/ML model.
  • the above setting information further includes timer information, and the timer can be started based on the timer information.
  • the base station can receive the performance monitoring result of the AI/ML model from the terminal according to the satisfaction of the aperiodic reporting condition of the performance monitoring result of the AI/ML model.
  • the base station can restart the timer according to the reception of the performance monitoring result of the AI/ML model.
  • the second monitoring period can be shorter than the first monitoring period.
  • the above setting information further includes timer information, and when a timer started based on the timer information expires, transmission of a reference signal based on the second monitoring period can be performed.
  • the second monitoring period can be longer than the first monitoring period.
  • the base station can receive the performance monitoring result of the AI/ML model from the terminal according to the satisfaction of the aperiodic reporting condition of the performance monitoring result of the AI/ML model.
  • the COUNT value can be reset.
  • the second monitoring period can be shorter than the first monitoring period.
  • the above setting information further includes information on a COUNT MAX value associated with performance monitoring of the AI/ML model, and when the increased COUNT value associated with performance monitoring of the AI/ML model reaches the COUNT MAX value, transmission of a reference signal based on the second monitoring period can be performed.
  • the second monitoring period can be longer than the first monitoring period.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a device according to one embodiment of the present specification.
  • the wireless communication system may include a first device (100a) and a second device (100b).
  • the above first device (100a) may be a base station, a network node, a transmitting terminal, a receiving terminal, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomous driving function, a connected car, a drone (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) module, a robot, an AR (Augmented Reality) device, a VR (Virtual Reality) device, an MR (Mixed Reality) device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate/environmental device, a device related to 5G services, or any other device related to the 4th industrial revolution field.
  • UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
  • AI Artificial Intelligence
  • a robot an AR (Augmented Reality) device, a VR (Virtual Reality) device, an MR (Mixed
  • the second device (100b) may be a base station, a network node, a transmitting terminal, a receiving terminal, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a vehicle, a vehicle equipped with an autonomous driving function, a connected car, a drone (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle, UAV), an AI (Artificial Intelligence) module, a robot, an AR (Augmented Reality) device, a VR (Virtual Reality) device, an MR (Mixed Reality) device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTC device, an IoT device, a medical device, a fintech device (or a financial device), a security device, a climate/environmental device, a device related to 5G services, or any other device related to the 4th industrial revolution field.
  • UAV Unmanned Aerial Vehicle
  • AI Artificial Intelligence
  • a robot an AR (Augmented Reality) device, a VR (Virtual Reality) device, an MR (Mixed Reality
  • the first device (100a) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (1020a), at least one memory, such as a memory (1010a), and at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver (1031a).
  • the processor (1020a) may perform the functions, procedures, and/or methods described above.
  • the processor (1020a) may perform one or more protocols.
  • the processor (1020a) may perform one or more layers of a wireless interface protocol.
  • the memory (1010a) may be connected to the processor (1020a) and may store various forms of information and/or commands.
  • the transceiver (1031a) may be connected to the processor (1020a) and may be controlled to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • the second device (100b) may include at least one processor, such as a processor (1020b), at least one memory device, such as a memory (1010b), and at least one transceiver, such as a transceiver (1031b).
  • the processor (1020b) may perform the functions, procedures, and/or methods described above.
  • the processor (1020b) may implement one or more protocols.
  • the processor (1020b) may implement one or more layers of a wireless interface protocol.
  • the memory (1010b) may be connected to the processor (1020b) and may store various forms of information and/or commands.
  • the transceiver (1031b) may be connected to the processor (1020b) and may be controlled to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • the above memory (1010a) and/or the above memory (1010b) may be connected internally or externally to the processor (1020a) and/or the processor (1020b), respectively, and may be connected to another processor via various technologies such as a wired or wireless connection.
  • the first device (100a) and/or the second device (100b) may have one or more antennas.
  • the antenna (1036a) and/or the antenna (1036b) may be configured to transmit and receive wireless signals.
  • Figure 20 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a terminal according to one embodiment of the present specification.
  • FIG. 20 is a drawing illustrating the device of FIG. 19 in more detail.
  • the device includes a memory (1010), a processor (1020), a transceiver (1031), a power management module (1091), a battery (1092), a display (1041), an input unit (1053), a speaker (1042), a microphone (1052), a subscriber identification module (SIM) card, and one or more antennas.
  • the processor (1020) may be configured to implement the proposed functions, procedures and/or methods described herein. Layers of a radio interface protocol may be implemented in the processor (1020).
  • the processor (1020) may include an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), another chipset, logic circuitry and/or data processing devices.
  • the processor (1020) may be an application processor (AP).
  • the processor (1020) may include at least one of a digital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), and a modem (modulator and demodulator).
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • CPU central processing unit
  • GPU graphics processing unit
  • modem modulator and demodulator
  • Examples of the processor (1020) may be a SNAPDRAGONTM series processor manufactured by Qualcomm®, an EXYNOSTM series processor manufactured by Samsung®, an A series processor manufactured by Apple®, a HELIOTM series processor manufactured by MediaTek®, an ATOMTM series processor manufactured by INTEL®, a KIRINTM series processor manufactured by HiSilicon®, or a corresponding next-generation processor.
  • the power management module (1091) manages power to the processor (1020) and/or the transceiver (1031).
  • the battery (1092) supplies power to the power management module (1091).
  • the display (1041) outputs the results processed by the processor (1020).
  • the input unit (1053) receives input to be used by the processor (1020).
  • the input unit (1053) can be displayed on the display (1041).
  • a SIM card is an integrated circuit used to securely store an international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) and its associated keys, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers in mobile devices such as mobile phones and computers. Contact information can also be stored on many SIM cards.
  • IMSI international mobile subscriber identity
  • the memory (1010) is operably coupled with the processor (1020) and stores various information for operating the processor (610).
  • the memory (1010) may include a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a flash memory, a memory card, a storage medium, and/or other storage devices.
  • ROM read-only memory
  • RAM random access memory
  • flash memory a non-transitory computer-readable medium
  • the modules may be stored in the memory (1010) and executed by the processor (1020).
  • the memory (1010) may be implemented within the processor (1020). Alternatively, the memory (1010) may be implemented outside the processor (1020) and may be communicatively connected to the processor (1020) via various means known in the art.
  • the transceiver (1031) is operably coupled to the processor (1020) and transmits and/or receives a radio signal.
  • the transceiver (1031) includes a transmitter and a receiver.
  • the transceiver (1031) may include a baseband circuit for processing a radio frequency signal.
  • the transceiver controls one or more antennas to transmit and/or receive a radio signal.
  • the processor (1020) transmits command information to the transceiver (1031) to initiate communication, for example, to transmit a radio signal constituting voice communication data.
  • the antenna functions to transmit and receive radio signals.
  • the transceiver (1031) may transmit the signal for processing by the processor (1020) and convert the signal to a baseband.
  • the processed signal may be converted into audible or readable information output through the speaker (1042).
  • the speaker (1042) outputs sound-related results processed by the processor (1020).
  • the microphone (1052) receives sound-related input to be used by the processor (1020).
  • a user inputs command information, such as a telephone number, for example, by pressing (or touching) a button on an input unit (1053) or by voice activation using a microphone (1052).
  • the processor (1020) receives the command information and processes it to perform an appropriate function, such as making a call to the telephone number.
  • Operational data may be extracted from a SIM card or memory (1010).
  • the processor (1020) may display command information or operational information on a display (1041) for the user's recognition and convenience.
  • FIG. 21 illustrates a block diagram of a processor in which the disclosure of the present specification is implemented.
  • the processor (1020) implementing the disclosure of the present specification may include a plurality of circuits to implement the proposed functions, procedures and/or methods described herein.
  • the processor (1020) may include a first circuit (1020-1), a second circuit (1020-2) and a third circuit (1020-3).
  • the processor (1020) may include more circuits.
  • Each circuit may include a plurality of transistors.
  • the above processor (1020) may be called an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) or AP (application processor) and may include at least one of a DSP (digital signal processor), a CPU (central processing unit), and a GPU (graphics processing unit).
  • ASIC application-specific integrated circuit
  • AP application processor
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • CPU central processing unit
  • GPU graphics processing unit
  • FIG. 22 is a block diagram showing in detail the transceiver of the first device illustrated in FIG. 19 or the transceiver unit of the device illustrated in FIG. 20.
  • the transceiver unit (1031) includes a transmitter (1031-1) and a receiver (1031-2).
  • the transmitter (1031-1) includes a DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) unit (1031-11), a subcarrier mapper (1031-12), an IFFT unit (1031-13), a CP insertion unit (1031-14), and a wireless transmitter unit (1031-15).
  • the transmitter (1031-1) may further include a modulator.
  • the transmitter may further include a scramble unit (not shown), a modulation mapper (not shown), a layer mapper (not shown), and a layer permutator (not shown), which may be arranged before the DFT unit (1031-11).
  • the transmitter (1031-1) first causes information to pass through a DFT (1031-11) before mapping the signal to a subcarrier.
  • the signal spread (or precoded in the same sense) by the DFT unit (1031-11) is mapped to a subcarrier through a subcarrier mapper (1031-12) and then passes through an IFFT (Inverse Fast Fourier Transform) unit (1031-13) to be converted into a signal on the time axis.
  • IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Transform
  • the DFT unit (1031-11) performs DFT on the input symbols and outputs complex-valued symbols. For example, if Ntx symbols are input (where Ntx is a natural number), the DFT size is Ntx.
  • the DFT unit (1031-11) may be called a transform precoder.
  • the subcarrier mapper (1031-12) maps the complex symbols to each subcarrier in the frequency domain. The complex symbols may be mapped to resource elements corresponding to resource blocks allocated for data transmission.
  • the subcarrier mapper (1031-12) may be called a resource element mapper.
  • the IFFT unit (1031-13) performs IFFT on the input symbols and outputs a baseband signal for data, which is a time-domain signal.
  • the CP insertion unit (1031-14) copies a portion of the rear part of the base band signal for data and inserts it into the front part of the base band signal for data.
  • CP insertion ISI (Inter-Symbol Interference) and ICI (Inter-Carrier Interference) are prevented, so that orthogonality can be maintained even in a multipath channel.
  • the receiver (1031-2) includes a wireless receiving unit (1031-21), a CP removing unit (1031-22), an FFT unit (1031-23), and an equalizer unit (1031-24).
  • the wireless receiving unit (1031-21), the CP removing unit (1031-22), and the FFT unit (1031-23) of the receiver (1031-2) perform the inverse functions of the wireless transmitting unit (1031-15), the CP inserting unit (1031-14), and the IFF unit (1031-13) of the transmitting terminal (1031-1).
  • the receiver (1031-2) may further include a demodulator.
  • the methods are described based on the flow chart as a series of steps or blocks, but the order of the steps described is not limited, and some steps may occur in a different order or simultaneously with other steps described above. Furthermore, those skilled in the art will understand that the steps depicted in the flow chart are not exclusive, and other steps may be included or one or more of the steps in the flow chart may be deleted without affecting the scope of the rights.

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Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un appareil pour modifier une période de surveillance de performance d'un modèle d'intelligence artificielle (IA)/apprentissage automatique (ML). Un terminal reçoit des informations de configuration pour la surveillance de performance du modèle IA/ML à partir d'une station de base. Dans la présente invention, les informations de configuration comprennent des informations sur au moins une période de surveillance et une condition de changement de période associée à un signal de référence (RS). De plus, le terminal effectue une surveillance de performance du modèle IA/ML sur la base d'une première période de surveillance parmi la ou les périodes de surveillance. Ensuite, le terminal effectue une surveillance de performance du modèle IA/ML sur la base d'une seconde période de surveillance parmi la ou les périodes de surveillance en fonction de la satisfaction de la condition de changement de période.
PCT/KR2024/018907 2023-11-27 2024-11-26 Procédé et appareil de changement de période de surveillance de performance d'intelligence artificielle et/ou de modèle d'apprentissage automatique Pending WO2025116500A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR20230166599 2023-11-27
KR10-2023-0166599 2023-11-27
KR10-2024-0170140 2024-11-25
KR1020240170140A KR20250079894A (ko) 2023-11-27 2024-11-25 인공지능 및/또는 머신러닝 모델의 성능 모니터링 주기를 변경하는 방법 및 장치

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WO2025116500A1 true WO2025116500A1 (fr) 2025-06-05

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20200146044A (ko) * 2011-01-07 2020-12-31 인터디지탈 패튼 홀딩스, 인크 다중 송신 포인트의 채널 상태 정보(csi) 전달
US20210351885A1 (en) * 2019-04-16 2021-11-11 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for reporting channel state information
WO2022000365A1 (fr) * 2020-07-01 2022-01-06 Qualcomm Incorporated Estimation et prédiction de canal de liaison descendante basées sur l'apprentissage automatique
KR20230024278A (ko) * 2020-06-15 2023-02-20 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 채널 상태 정보 트리거 및 보고
KR20230160847A (ko) * 2021-03-30 2023-11-24 엘지전자 주식회사 무선 통신 시스템에서 측정 윈도우를 설정하기 위한 방법 및 장치

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20200146044A (ko) * 2011-01-07 2020-12-31 인터디지탈 패튼 홀딩스, 인크 다중 송신 포인트의 채널 상태 정보(csi) 전달
US20210351885A1 (en) * 2019-04-16 2021-11-11 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method and apparatus for reporting channel state information
KR20230024278A (ko) * 2020-06-15 2023-02-20 퀄컴 인코포레이티드 채널 상태 정보 트리거 및 보고
WO2022000365A1 (fr) * 2020-07-01 2022-01-06 Qualcomm Incorporated Estimation et prédiction de canal de liaison descendante basées sur l'apprentissage automatique
KR20230160847A (ko) * 2021-03-30 2023-11-24 엘지전자 주식회사 무선 통신 시스템에서 측정 윈도우를 설정하기 위한 방법 및 장치

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