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WO2025111003A1 - Procédé de production de polymères organiques, et corps moulés, et moules pour le moulage des polymères organiques - Google Patents

Procédé de production de polymères organiques, et corps moulés, et moules pour le moulage des polymères organiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025111003A1
WO2025111003A1 PCT/US2023/080955 US2023080955W WO2025111003A1 WO 2025111003 A1 WO2025111003 A1 WO 2025111003A1 US 2023080955 W US2023080955 W US 2023080955W WO 2025111003 A1 WO2025111003 A1 WO 2025111003A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
organic polymer
molding method
ultrasonic waves
mold
pressurizing
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/US2023/080955
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English (en)
Inventor
Akira Yane
Yu Kameno
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Canon Virginia Inc
Original Assignee
Canon Virginia Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Canon Virginia Inc filed Critical Canon Virginia Inc
Priority to PCT/US2023/080955 priority Critical patent/WO2025111003A1/fr
Publication of WO2025111003A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025111003A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C2043/3205—Particular pressure exerting means for making definite articles
    • B29C2043/3266—Particular pressure exerting means for making definite articles vibrating tool means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/52—Heating or cooling

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to a method for producing organic polymer molded bodies.
  • molded bodies of materials containing polypeptides which are a kind of organic polymers, are known. These molded bodies are obtained by heating and pressurizing the material into sheets or powders in a mold.
  • the present disclosure relates to a method for molding an organic polymer, by which a molded body of sufficient strength can be obtained.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for molding an organic polymer, comprising a step of externally heating the organic polymer, a step of applying ultrasonic waves to the organic polymer, and a step of pressurizing the organic polymer, and wherein the start of the application of the ultrasonic waves is performed after the start of the external heating.
  • an organic polymers molding apparatus comprising a mold, a heating means for externally heating the organic polymer, an ultrasonic applying means for applying ultrasonic waves to the organic polymer, and a pressurizing means for applying pressure to the organic polymer, and wherein the ultrasonic applying means is configured to apply ultrasonic waves in a direction parallel to the pressurizing direction and in a direction perpendicular to the pressurizing direction by the pressurizing means.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a mold for molding organic polymers.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the mold for molding organic polymers used in the embodiment.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the organic polymer molded body molded in the embodiment and the measuring portion of its strength.
  • FIG. 4 is a graph showing piston drop amount vs. temperature, with the melting temperature identified at the intersection of the dotted lines (which location is circled).
  • One of the features of the manufacturing method of the present disclosure is filling a molding material composed of an organic polymer into a mold, and applying ultrasonic waves to it.
  • a molding material composed of an organic polymer into a mold, and applying ultrasonic waves to it.
  • Organic polymers can develop strong strength through entanglement and interaction within polymer chains and/or between polymer chains.
  • the organic polymers are polymers having amide bonds, because polymers having amide bonds form interactions between the amide bonds and enhance their strength.
  • Examples of polymers having amide bonds include nylon 6 and nylon 12.
  • organic polymers are polypeptides that have many amide bonds in their molecules.
  • the organic polymers should be fibroins or a derivative of these.
  • polypeptides include poly-L-lysine and polyalanine.
  • fibroin is a protein that can he extracted from cocoons and nests, and silk fibroin, hornet silk and spider silk can be exemplified. The extraction of fibroin can be carried out, for example, with the method described in WO 2006/101223.
  • Silk fibroin forms a secondary structure called beta sheet in the polymer chain, which gathers and crystallizes to express extremely high strength.
  • hornet silk is a protein produced by wasp larvae, expresses an even stronger strength by forming a secondary structure called coiled-coil structure, formed by alpha helix gathering.
  • Additives may also be added to these organic polymers to the extent that they do not impair their properties.
  • Organic polymers can be used as molding materials. There are no particular restrictions on the form of the molding material, but examples include pellets, sheets, films, powders and flakes. Organic polymers can be synthesized or extracted to obtain flaky materials. A powdery material can be obtained by grinding this flaky material. A jet mill, hammer mill, ball mill, pin mill or the like can be used as a grinding method. In addition, powder material with uniform particle size can be obtained by performing screening after grinding.
  • pellet-like materials can be obtained by cutting a flaky material that is extruded into a strand after heating and melting it, or by pressing a flaky material into a shape such as a cylindrical shape at room temperature or in a heated state.
  • Sheet-like (film-like) materials can be obtained by heating and melting flaky or pellet-like materials and extruding them onto sheets, or by dissolving the materials into a solvent to form a solution and then applying it to a base material with a spray or a dispenser to dry and peel it off.
  • One form of the molding material may be used, or several forms may be mixed to be used.
  • Organic polymer molded bodies can be obtained by filling a mold with molding materials composed of organic polymers, and applying ultrasonic waves. This is because formation of higher-order structures is promoted by applying ultrasonic waves.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an example of a mold 3 that can be used for the molding of organic polymers.
  • the mold 3 consists of a temperature-adjustable part having a through-hole (a cylinder), upper and lower pistons 1 and 2, and ultrasonic vibrators 4 and 5.
  • the ultrasonic vibrators 4 and 5 vibrate in the direction of the arrow.
  • Organic polymer molded bodies can be obtained by loading a molding material composed of organic polymer into the through-hole of the cylinder 3, and compressing the organic polymer with the pistons 1 and 2 while applying ultrasonic vibrations using the ultrasonic vibrators 4 and 5.
  • the temperature-adjustable part are inserted into a heater (heating furnace) 6.
  • the external heating can also be achieved by a method of setting a heater such as a cartridge heater in the mold to heat the mold or using electromagnetic induction, etc. to raise the temperature of the mold by letting the mold generate heat, to heat the organic polymer by heat conduction from the mold can be used.
  • a method of heating the organic polymer by passing heated air through the mold or a method of using a light-transmitting mold instead of the mold, and heating the organic polymer by irradiating light from the outside may be used.
  • the temperature of the external heating it is desirable for the temperature of the external heating to be above the glass transition temperature of the molding material, and even more desirable for it to be above the softening temperature.
  • the glass transition temperature When exceeding the glass transition temperature, the fluidity of the molecular chains increases because the intermolecular bonds of the amorphous are broken. Furthermore, when exceeding the softening temperature, the fluidity increases significantly.
  • the temperature of the external heating it is desirable for the temperature of the external heating to be below the decomposition starting temperature. This is because when the decomposition temperature is exceeded, a breaking of the covalent bonds in the molecular chains occurs, resulting in a lowering of the molecular weight and possibly a lowering of the strength of the molded body.
  • the glass transition temperature of the molding material can be measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). And, the softening temperature of the molding material can be measured with a thermal flow evaluation device (flow tester). In addition, the decomposition starting temperature of the molding material can be measured using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA).
  • DSC differential scanning calorimetry
  • TGA thermogravimetric analysis
  • Pressurization is performed by setting the mold in a press machine and pressing down the pistons 1 and 2. It is desirable for the pressure to be applied to be 1 MPa or more, and it is more desirable for it to be 100 MPa or more. This is because the higher the pressure, the closer the distance between the molecular chains becomes, which makes entanglement and interaction between the molecular chains more likely to occur.
  • the method of letting the ultrasonic vibrators 4 and 5 contact the mold to transmit the vibrations can be used.
  • the frequency of the ultrasonic waves can be from 20 kHz or more to 1 MHz or less, and can be from 20 kHz or more to 100 kHz or less.
  • the ultrasonic vibrator may be installed in any manner as long as it contacts the mold, but one can be installed on both the piston side (piston 1 and/or 2) and the cylinder side (cylinder 3).
  • the directions of the vibration of the ultrasonic vibrators can be in different directions, including for them to be orthogonal. As shown in FIG. 1, for example, it may be configured so the ultrasonic waves are applied in the direction parallel and the direction perpendicular to the direction in which pressure is applied. This is because by vibrating the molecular chains in a plurality of directions, the movements of the molecular chains become complex, and entanglement of the molecular chains occurs efficiently.
  • the timing of the start of the application of ultrasonic waves can be after the start of the external heating. This is for the following reasons.
  • the midpoint glass transition temperature was measured by DSC using a thermal analysis system (DSC 823 manufactured by Mettler Toledo) according to JIS K 7121-1987 with the condition of a temperature rising speed of 10 degrees Celsius per minute.
  • the softening temperature can be measured using a constant load extrusion method tubular rheometer "Flow characteristic evaluation device” (a flow tester) (CFT-500D, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation).
  • the CFT-500D is a device that can graph a flow curve from the drop amount (mm) and temperature (degrees Celsius) of the piston when a constant load is applied by the piston from the top, while the measured sample filled in the cylinder is melted and extruded from the tubular hole at the bottom of the cylinder while the temperature is being raised.
  • the softening temperature (Tm) is defined as the "melting temperature in the 1/2 method" listed in the manual attached to the "Flow Tester CFT-500D," a flow characteristic evaluation device.
  • the melting temperature in the 1/2 method is calculated as follows.
  • the melting temperature or softening temperature can be defined as the temperature at the intersection point between the straight line extending the baseline on the low temperature side to the high temperature side in a graph showing the drop amount of the piston versus temperature, and the tangential line at the inflection point of the curve, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the decomposition temperature is the temperature at which decomposition begins when the temperature is raised to 25 ⁇ 400 degrees Celsius at 1 degree Celsius per minute in the atmosphere as determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) (TGA851, manufactured by Mettler Toledo).
  • the decomposition start temperature is defined as the temperature at the intersection point of the straight line extending the baseline of the low temperature side to the high temperature side and the tangential line at the inflection point of the TG curve.
  • the silk fibroin solution was applied onto a glass substrate using a bar coater (#22, manufactured by Mitsui Electric Refinery) and then dried at room temperature for 1 hour, followed by 5 hours at 80 degrees Celsius. After that, the dried film was peeled off from the substrate and a film-like material for molding was obtained. After this was left in an environment with a room temperature of 23 degrees Celsius and 50% humidity for 24 hours, the film thickness was 3.2 microns when measured. When the glass transition temperature, softening temperature and decomposition temperature were measured respectively, they were 64 degrees Celsius, 80 degrees Celsius and 185 degrees Celsius, respectively. [00062] Subsequently, the element for molding was molded using a mold 13 (with reference to FIG. 2).
  • a mold with a square columnar through-hole of 80 mm in length and 15 mm in width was used.
  • the lower piston 12 one with a groove of 2 mm in width and 35 mm in depth carved in the center, as shown in FIG. 2, was used.
  • Ultrasonic vibrators 15 and 14 vibrating in the direction of the arrows were installed in the lower piston 12 and mold 13, respectively.
  • the remaining mold set up included upper piston 11, in which no groove was provided, and the mold was inserted into heater 16.
  • a silk fibroin molded body was obtained with the same procedure as in Example 1 except that ultrasonic vibration was not applied.
  • the longitudinal strength and transverse strength were measured, they were 21 MPa and 124 MPa, respectively. In the transverse direction, sufficient strength was obtained, but there was a marked decrease in the strength in the longitudinal direction.
  • a silk fibroin molded body was obtained with a similar operation, except that the order of external heating and pressurization was changed so it was pressurized at a pressure of 600 MPa after the mold was heated to 120 degrees Celsius.
  • the longitudinal strength and transverse strength were measured, they were 131 MPa and 132 MPa, respectively. Sufficient strength was confirmed in both the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction.
  • EXAMPLE 3 A silk fibroin aqueous solution that was obtained with an operation similar to Example 1 was freeze-dried using a freeze-dryer (FD-550P) manufactured by Tokyo Rika Machinery Co., Ltd. For the freeze-drying conditions, after freezing it at -30 degrees Celsius, the atmosphere was decompressed, after which the temperature was raised to -6 degrees Celsius and it was freeze-dried for 100 hours. When measuring the bulk specific gravity, it was 0.03 g/cm 3 .
  • the silk fibroin was cut into portions of approximately 20 mg and fed into a mold with a cylindrical through-hole of 3 mm in diameter, pressurized at 25 degrees Celsius and 30 MPa, and then taken out to obtain the material for molding.
  • the bulk specific gravity of the obtained material for molding was measured, it was 1.04 g/cm 3 .
  • 4.5 g of molding material was measured and taken out, fed into the mold, and thereafter, the silk fibroin molding body was obtained with an operation similar to Example 1.
  • the longitudinal strength and transverse strength were measured, they were 126 MPa and 128 MPa, respectively. Sufficient strength was confirmed in both the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction.
  • Powdery material for molding was obtained by pulverizing freeze-dried silk fibroin, obtained with an operation similar to Example 3, for 3 seconds 10 times using an OML-1 laboratory mill manufactured by Tokyo Rika Machinery. 4.5 g of the material for molding material was measured and taken out, and fed into the mold, after which, the silk fibroin molded body was obtained with an operation similar to Example 1. When the longitudinal strength and transverse strength were measured, they were 124 MPa and 125 MPa, respectively. Sufficient strength was confirmed in both the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction.
  • a silk fibroin molded body was obtained with an operation similar to Example 1, except that the external heating temperature was changed to 100 degrees Celsius.
  • the longitudinal strength and transverse strength were measured, they were 110 MPa and 121 MPa, respectively. Sufficient strength was confirmed in both the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction.
  • a silk fibroin molded body was obtained with an operation similar to Example 1, except that the external heating temperature was changed to 80 degrees Celsius.
  • the longitudinal strength and transverse strength were measured, they were 92 MPa and 98 MPa, respectively. Sufficient strength was confirmed in both the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction.
  • Cocoons collected from wasp's nests were cut into pieces of approximately 5 mm in size, and impurities were removed to the extent that they could be visually confirmed.
  • the cocoon fragments were placed in a 9 mol/L LiBr aqueous solution and agitated at 40 degrees Celsius for 1 hour to let the cocoons dissolve.
  • the agitated LiBr aqueous solution was centrifuged to separate and remove the impurities which are insoluble components.
  • the LiBr solution, from which the impurities were removed was placed in a 30/32 (fractionated molecular weight, 12000 - 14000) cellulose tube manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd., and dialysis was conducted in distilled water at room temperature for 4 days to remove the LiBr.
  • the contents of the dialysis tube were freeze-dried using a freeze-dryer (FD-550P) manufactured by Tokyo Rika Machinery Co., Ltd.
  • FD-550P freeze-dryer
  • the atmosphere was decompressed, after which the temperature was raised to -6 degrees Celsius and it was freeze-dried for 100 hours, to obtain spider silk.
  • the obtained spider silk was pulverized repeatedly using a freeze-grinder (HTPH-01) manufactured by AS ONE Corporation, and only the pieces that could pass through a sieve with a mesh opening of 45 microns were collected to obtain the material for powder molding.
  • HTPH-01 freeze-grinder
  • EXAMPLE 9 A silk fibroin molded body was obtained with an operation similar to Example 1 except that only the ultrasonic vibrator installed in the mold part 12 was used. When the longitudinal strength and transverse strength were measured, they were 118 MPa and 130 MPa, respectively. Sufficient strength was confirmed in both the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction.
  • a silk fibroin molded body was obtained with an operation similar to Example 1 , except that only the ultrasonic vibrator installed in the mold part 13 was used.
  • the longitudinal strength and transverse strength were measured, they were 105 MPa and 130 MPa, respectively. Sufficient strength was confirmed in both the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction.
  • a silk fibroin molded body was obtained with an operation similar to Example 1, except that the order of external heating and pressurization, and then the ultrasonic waves was changed, so the external heating was started after pressurization, and ultrasonic waves were applied from the moment the mold temperature reached 100 degrees Celsius, until it reached 120 degrees Celsius.
  • the longitudinal strength and transverse strength were measured, they were 105 MPa and 119 MPa, respectively. Sufficient strength was confirmed in both the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction.
  • a silk fibroin molded body was obtained with an operation similar to Example 1, except that the order of external heating and pressurization, and then the ultrasonic waves was changed, so that after pressurization, the ultrasonic wave application was started at the same time, and 10 seconds after that the external heating was started, and the application of ultrasonic waves was continued until the mold temperature reached 120 degrees Celsius.
  • the longitudinal strength and transverse strength were measured, they were 101 MPa and 116 MPa, respectively. Sufficient strength was confirmed in both the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction.
  • a silk fibroin molded body was obtained with an operation similar to Example 1, except that the order of external heating and pressurization, and then the ultrasonic waves was changed, so that after pressurization, the external heating and ultrasonic wave application were started at the same time, and the application of ultrasonic waves was continued until the mold temperature reached 120 degrees Celsius.
  • the longitudinal strength and transverse strength were measured, they were 96 MPa and 111 MPa, respectively. Sufficient strength was confirmed in both the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction.
  • a silk fibroin molded body was obtained with an operation similar to Example 1, except that the external heating temperature was changed to 180 degrees Celsius.
  • the longitudinal strength and transverse strength were measured, they were 90 MPa and 88 MPa, respectively. Sufficient strength was confirmed in both the longitudinal direction and the transverse direction.
  • a silk fibroin molded body was obtained with an operation similar to Example 1, except that external heating was not conducted, and applying ultrasonic vibration for 30 seconds and leaving it for 30 seconds was repeated 5 times.
  • the longitudinal strength and transverse strength were measured, they were 68 MPa and 125 MPa, respectively.
  • spatially relative terms such as “under” “beneath”, “below”, “lower”, “above”, “upper”, “proximal”, “distal”, and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the various figures. It should be understood, however, that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features.
  • a relative spatial term such as “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below.
  • the device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein are to be interpreted accordingly.
  • the relative spatial terms “proximal” and “distal” may also be interchangeable, where applicable.
  • first, second, third, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, parts and/or sections. It should be understood that these elements, components, regions, parts and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms have been used only to distinguish one element, component, region, part, or section from another region, part, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, part, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, part, or section without departing from the teachings herein.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La présente divulgation concerne un procédé de production d'un corps moulé ayant une résistance suffisante par chauffage et mise sous pression dans un moule, et d'obtention d'un corps moulé. Par conséquent, la divulgation concerne un procédé de moulage d'un polymère organique, comprenant le chauffage externe du polymère organique, l'application d'ondes ultrasonores sur le polymère organique, et la mise sous pression du polymère organique, l'initiation de l'application sur le polymère organique étant effectuée après l'initiation du chauffage.
PCT/US2023/080955 2023-11-22 2023-11-22 Procédé de production de polymères organiques, et corps moulés, et moules pour le moulage des polymères organiques Pending WO2025111003A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

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PCT/US2023/080955 WO2025111003A1 (fr) 2023-11-22 2023-11-22 Procédé de production de polymères organiques, et corps moulés, et moules pour le moulage des polymères organiques

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PCT/US2023/080955 WO2025111003A1 (fr) 2023-11-22 2023-11-22 Procédé de production de polymères organiques, et corps moulés, et moules pour le moulage des polymères organiques

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5202066A (en) * 1989-04-25 1993-04-13 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Method of plasticizing molding material and apparatus therefor
US20100272843A1 (en) * 2007-08-09 2010-10-28 Fundacio Privada Ascamm Ultrasonic device for moulding micro plastic parts
US20110076451A1 (en) * 2008-05-26 2011-03-31 Harutaka Mekaru Imprinting method and device utilizing ultrasonic vibrations
US20130345384A1 (en) * 2011-03-15 2013-12-26 Stanley Rendon Ultrasonic-assisted molding of precisely-shaped articles and methods
US20140103552A1 (en) * 2011-06-08 2014-04-17 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Resin molding apparatus and resin molding method
US20180043642A1 (en) * 2016-08-11 2018-02-15 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Mold apparatus and method of using the same

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5202066A (en) * 1989-04-25 1993-04-13 Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd. Method of plasticizing molding material and apparatus therefor
US20100272843A1 (en) * 2007-08-09 2010-10-28 Fundacio Privada Ascamm Ultrasonic device for moulding micro plastic parts
US20110076451A1 (en) * 2008-05-26 2011-03-31 Harutaka Mekaru Imprinting method and device utilizing ultrasonic vibrations
US20130345384A1 (en) * 2011-03-15 2013-12-26 Stanley Rendon Ultrasonic-assisted molding of precisely-shaped articles and methods
US20140103552A1 (en) * 2011-06-08 2014-04-17 Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha Resin molding apparatus and resin molding method
US20180043642A1 (en) * 2016-08-11 2018-02-15 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Mold apparatus and method of using the same

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
AKINTAYO O. S., OLAJIDE J. L., BETIKU O. T., EGOH A. J., ADEGBESAN O. O., DARAMOLA O. O., SADIKU E. R., DESAI D. A.: "Poly(lactic acid)-silkworm silk fibre/fibroin bio-composites: A review of their processing, properties, and nascent applications", EXPRESS POLYMER LETTERS, BUDAPEST UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, vol. 14, no. 10, 1 January 2020 (2020-01-01), pages 924 - 951, XP093318366, ISSN: 1788-618X, DOI: 10.3144/expresspolymlett.2020.76 *

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