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WO2025107691A1 - Répétitions pour transmission - Google Patents

Répétitions pour transmission Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025107691A1
WO2025107691A1 PCT/CN2024/107087 CN2024107087W WO2025107691A1 WO 2025107691 A1 WO2025107691 A1 WO 2025107691A1 CN 2024107087 W CN2024107087 W CN 2024107087W WO 2025107691 A1 WO2025107691 A1 WO 2025107691A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
repetitions
transmission
frequency
processor
reference frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/CN2024/107087
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Zhennian SUN
Haipeng Lei
Xiaodong Yu
Xin Guo
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lenovo Beijing Ltd
Original Assignee
Lenovo Beijing Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lenovo Beijing Ltd filed Critical Lenovo Beijing Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2024/107087 priority Critical patent/WO2025107691A1/fr
Publication of WO2025107691A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025107691A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/002—Transmission of channel access control information
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/08—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by repeating transmission, e.g. Verdan system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L1/00—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received
    • H04L1/12—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel
    • H04L1/16—Arrangements for detecting or preventing errors in the information received by using return channel in which the return channel carries supervisory signals, e.g. repetition request signals
    • H04L1/18—Automatic repetition systems, e.g. Van Duuren systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W72/00—Local resource management
    • H04W72/04—Wireless resource allocation
    • H04W72/044—Wireless resource allocation based on the type of the allocated resource
    • H04W72/0453—Resources in frequency domain, e.g. a carrier in FDMA
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W74/00—Wireless channel access
    • H04W74/08—Non-scheduled access, e.g. ALOHA
    • H04W74/0833—Random access procedures, e.g. with 4-step access

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to wireless communications, and more specifically to repetitions for transmission.
  • a wireless communications system may include one or multiple network communication devices, such as base stations (BSs) , which may be otherwise known as an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology.
  • BSs base stations
  • eNB eNodeB
  • gNB next-generation NodeB
  • Each network communication devices such as a base station may support wireless communications for one or multiple user communication devices, which may be otherwise known as user equipment (UE) , or other suitable terminology.
  • the wireless communications system may support wireless communications with one or multiple user communication devices by utilizing resources of the wireless communication system (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) .
  • time resources e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like
  • frequency resources e.g., subcarriers, carriers
  • the wireless communications system may support wireless communications across various radio access technologies including third generation (3G) radio access technology, fourth generation (4G) radio access technology, fifth generation (5G) radio access technology, among other suitable radio access technologies beyond 5G (e.g., sixth generation (6G) ) .
  • 3G third generation
  • 4G fourth generation
  • 5G fifth generation
  • 6G sixth generation
  • IoT Internet of things
  • the present disclosure relates to methods, apparatuses, and systems that support repetitions for transmission, especially for random access of ambient IoT devices.
  • Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein include, selecting a frequency from a set of candidate frequencies for a transmission from the first device to a second device, determining a number of repetitions for the transmission based on the selected frequency and a reference frequency, and performing the number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency. In this way, the resource utilization is improved.
  • Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include determining the number of repetitions for the transmission by: determining a maximum number of repetitions based on one of (i) the selected frequency and the reference frequency or (ii) the selected frequency, the reference frequency, and a second number of repetitions for the transmission on the reference frequency; and determining the number of repetitions for the transmission based on the maximum number of repetitions, wherein the number of repetitions for the transmission is less than or equal to the maximum number of repetitions.
  • Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, to the second device, an indication of the number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency.
  • the set of candidate frequencies may be configured by the second device, the set of candidate frequencies may be configured by a network device, the set of candidate frequencies may be indicated by the second device, the set of candidate frequencies may be indicated by a network device, or the set of candidate frequencies may be predefined.
  • the reference frequency may comprise a lowest frequency among the set of candidate frequencies, or the reference frequency may be indicated by the second device.
  • the number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency is a first number.
  • Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving, from the second device, an indication of a second number of repetitions for a transmission on the reference frequency, and the first number of repetitions is determined further based on the second number of repetitions.
  • no repetition is to be performed for a transmission on the reference frequency.
  • a time duration of the number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency may be shorter than or equal to a time duration of a transmission on the reference frequency, or a time duration of the first number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency may be shorter than or equal to a time duration of the second number of repetitions for the transmission on the reference frequency.
  • the indication may be received via one of the following: a preamble of a transmission from the second device to the first device; control information of a transmission from the second device to the first device; or a physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) .
  • PRDCH physical reader-to-device channel
  • the indication may be provided by one of the following: a preamble of the transmission; or a number of the repetitions of a preamble of the transmission.
  • the first device may comprise an Internet of things (IoT) device.
  • the second device may comprise a reader of the IoT device.
  • the frequency may comprise a backscatter link frequency (BLF) .
  • the transmission may comprise a message 1 (Msg1) of a 2-step random access (RA) , a Msg1 of a 4-step RA, or a message 3 (Msg3) of the 4-step RA.
  • Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein include, transmitting, to a first device, a reference frequency among a set of candidate frequencies; and receiving, from the first device, a number of repetitions for a transmission on a selected frequency among the set of candidate frequencies, wherein the number of repetitions is determined based on the selected frequency and the reference frequency. In this way, the resource utilization is improved.
  • Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include transmitting, to one or more first devices, the set of candidate frequencies for one or more transmission from the one or more first devices to the second device.
  • Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving, from at least one first device among the one or more first devices, at least one transmission on at least one frequency; and determining the reference frequency based on the at least one frequency, and the reference frequency is the lowest frequency among the at least one frequency.
  • Some implementations of the method and apparatuses described herein may further include receiving, from the first device, an indication of the number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency.
  • the set of candidate frequencies may be configured by the second device, the set of candidate frequencies may be configured by a network device, the set of candidate frequencies may be indicated by the second device, the set of candidate frequencies may be indicated by a network device, or the set of candidate frequencies may be predefined.
  • a time duration of the number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency may be shorter than or equal to a time duration of a transmission on the reference frequency, or a time duration of the first number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency may be shorter than or equal to a time duration of the second number of repetitions for the transmission on the reference frequency.
  • At least one of the reference frequency or the indication of the second number may be transmitted via one of the following: a preamble of a transmission from the second device to the first device; control information of a transmission from the second device to the first device; or a physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) .
  • PRDCH physical reader-to-device channel
  • the indication may be provided by one of the following: a preamble of the transmission; or a number of the repetitions of a preamble of the transmission.
  • FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system that supports repetitions for transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1B illustrates an example of the physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) generation associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • PDRCH physical device-to-reader channel
  • FIG. 1C illustrates an example of 4-step access procedure associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1D illustrates an example of 2-step access procedure associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 1E illustrates an example of chip durations of different backscatter link frequencies (BLFs) associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • BPFs backscatter link frequencies
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an example signaling chart illustrating an example process that supports repetitions for transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a first example in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a second example in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a third example in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a fourth example in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 7-8 illustrate examples of devices that support repetitions for transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIGS. 9-10 illustrate examples of processors that support repetitions for transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports repetitions for transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method that supports repetitions for transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • references in the present disclosure to “one embodiment, ” “an example embodiment, ” “an embodiment, ” “some embodiments, ” and the like indicate that the embodiment (s) described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but it is not necessary that every embodiment includes the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment (s) . Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described.
  • first and second or the like may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another element. For example, a first element could also be termed as a second element, and similarly, a second element could also be termed as a first element, without departing from the scope of embodiments. As used herein, the term “and/or” includes any and all combinations of one or more of the listed terms.
  • the term “communication network” refers to a network following any suitable communication standards, such as, 5G new radio (NR) , Long Term Evolution (LTE) , LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) , Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA) , High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA) , Narrow Band Internet of Things (NB-IoT) , and so on.
  • NR 5G new radio
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • HSPA High-Speed Packet Access
  • NB-IoT Narrow Band Internet of Things
  • the communications between a user equipment and a network device in the communication network may be performed according to any suitable generation communication protocols, including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and/or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future.
  • any suitable generation communication protocols including but not limited to, the first generation (1G) , the second generation (2G) , 2.5G, 2.75G, the third generation (3G) , the fourth generation (4G) , 4.5G, the fifth generation (5G) communication protocols, and/or any other protocols either currently known or to be developed in the future.
  • Embodiments of the present disclosure may be applied in various communication systems. Given the rapid development in communications, there will also be future type communication technologies and systems in which the present disclosure may be embodied. It should not be seen as limiting the scope of the present disclosure to only the aforementioned systems.
  • the term “network device” generally refers to a node in a communication network via which a user equipment can access the communication network and receive services therefrom.
  • the network device may refer to a base station (BS) or an access point (AP) , for example, a node B (NodeB or NB) , a radio access network (RAN) node, an evolved NodeB (eNodeB or eNB) , a NR NB (also referred to as a gNB) , a Remote Radio Unit (RRU) , a radio header (RH) , an infrastructure device for a V2X (vehicle-to-everything) communication, a transmission and reception point (TRP) , a reception point (RP) , a remote radio head (RRH) , a relay, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a low power node such as a femto a base station (BS) , a pico BS,
  • UE user equipment
  • a user equipment generally refers to any end device that may be capable of wireless communications.
  • a user equipment may also be referred to as a communication device, a terminal device, an end user device, a subscriber station (SS) , an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) , a portable subscriber station, a mobile station (MS) , or an access terminal (AT) .
  • SS subscriber station
  • UAV unmanned aerial vehicle
  • MS mobile station
  • AT access terminal
  • the user equipment may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a cellular phone, a smart phone, a voice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a tablet, a wearable user equipment, a personal digital assistant (PDA) , a portable computer, a desktop computer, an image capture user equipment such as a digital camera, a gaming user equipment, a music storage and playback appliance, a vehicle-mounted wireless user equipment, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, laptop-embedded equipment (LEE) , laptop-mounted equipment (LME) , a USB dongle, a smart device, wireless customer-premises equipment (CPE) , an Internet of Things (loT) device, a watch or other wearable, a head-mounted display (HMD) , a vehicle, a drone, a medical device (for example, a remote surgery device) , an industrial device (for example, a robot and/or other wireless devices operating in an industrial and/or an automated processing chain
  • FIG. 1A illustrates an example of a wireless communications system 100 that supports repetitions for transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may include one or more network entities 102 (also referred to as network equipment) , one or more UEs 104, a core network 106, and a packet data network 108.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may support various radio access technologies.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may be a 4G network, such as an LTE network or an LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) network.
  • LTE-A LTE-Advanced
  • the wireless communications system 100 may be a 5G network, such as an NR network.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may be a combination of a 4G network and a 5G network, or other suitable radio access technology including Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi) , IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX) , IEEE 802.20.
  • IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
  • Wi-Fi Wi-Fi
  • WiMAX IEEE 802.16
  • IEEE 802.20 The wireless communications system 100 may support radio access technologies beyond 5G. Additionally, the wireless communications system 100 may support technologies, such as time division multiple access (TDMA) , frequency division multiple access (FDMA) , or code division multiple access (CDMA) , etc.
  • TDMA time division multiple access
  • FDMA frequency division multiple access
  • CDMA code division multiple access
  • the one or more network entities 102 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region to form the wireless communications system 100.
  • One or more of the network entities 102 described herein may be or include or may be referred to as a network node, a base station, a network element, a radio access network (RAN) , a base transceiver station, an access point, a NodeB, an eNodeB (eNB) , a next-generation NodeB (gNB) , or other suitable terminology.
  • a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may communicate via a communication link 110, which may be a wireless or wired connection.
  • a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may perform wireless communication (e.g., receive signaling, transmit signaling) over a Uu interface.
  • a network entity 102 may provide a geographic coverage area 112 for which the network entity 102 may support services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) for one or more UEs 104 within the geographic coverage area 112.
  • a network entity 102 and a UE 104 may support wireless communication of signals related to services (e.g., voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcast, etc. ) according to one or multiple radio access technologies.
  • a network entity 102 may be moveable, for example, a satellite associated with a non-terrestrial network.
  • different geographic coverage areas 112 associated with the same or different radio access technologies may overlap, but the different geographic coverage areas 112 may be associated with different network entities 102.
  • Information and signals described herein may be represented using any of a variety of different technologies and techniques.
  • data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced throughout the description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof.
  • the one or more UEs 104 may be dispersed throughout a geographic region of the wireless communications system 100.
  • a UE 104 may include or may be referred to as a mobile device, a wireless device, a remote device, a remote unit, a handheld device, or a subscriber device, or some other suitable terminology.
  • the UE 104 may be referred to as a unit, a station, a terminal, or a client, among other examples.
  • the UE 104 may be referred to as an Internet-of-Things (IoT) device, an Internet-of-Everything (IoE) device, or machine-type communication (MTC) device, among other examples.
  • IoT Internet-of-Things
  • IoE Internet-of-Everything
  • MTC machine-type communication
  • a UE 104 may be stationary in the wireless communications system 100.
  • a UE 104 may be mobile in the wireless communications system 100.
  • the one or more UEs 104 may be devices in different forms or having different capabilities. Some examples of UEs 104 are illustrated in FIG. 1A.
  • a UE 104 may be capable of communicating with various types of devices, such as the network entities 102, other UEs 104, or network equipment (e.g., the core network 106, the packet data network 108, a relay device, an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, or another network equipment) , as shown in FIG. 1A.
  • a UE 104 may support communication with other network entities 102 or UEs 104, which may act as relays in the wireless communications system 100.
  • a UE 104 may also be able to support wireless communication directly with other UEs 104 over a communication link 114.
  • a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a device-to-device (D2D) communication link.
  • D2D device-to-device
  • the communication link 114 may be referred to as a sidelink.
  • a UE 104 may support wireless communication directly with another UE 104 over a PC5 interface.
  • a network entity 102 may support communications with the core network 106, or with another network entity 102, or both.
  • a network entity 102 may interface with the core network 106 through one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) .
  • the network entities 102 may communicate with each other over the backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an X2, Xn, or another network interface) .
  • the network entities 102 may communicate with each other directly (e.g., between the network entities 102) .
  • the network entities 102 may communicate with each other or indirectly (e.g., via the core network 106) .
  • one or more network entities 102 may include subcomponents, such as an access network entity, which may be an example of an access node controller (ANC) .
  • An ANC may communicate with the one or more UEs 104 through one or more other access network transmission entities, which may be referred to as a radio heads, smart radio heads, or transmission-reception points (TRPs) .
  • TRPs transmission-reception points
  • a network entity 102 may be configured in a disaggregated architecture, which may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed among two or more network entities 102, such as an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open RAN (O-RAN) (e.g., a network configuration sponsored by the O-RAN Alliance) , or a virtualized RAN (vRAN) (e.g., a cloud RAN (C-RAN) ) .
  • IAB integrated access backhaul
  • O-RAN open RAN
  • vRAN virtualized RAN
  • C-RAN cloud RAN
  • a network entity 102 may include one or more of a central unit (CU) , a distributed unit (DU) , a radio unit (RU) , a RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) (e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC) ) , a Service Management and Orchestration (SMO) system, or any combination thereof.
  • CU central unit
  • DU distributed unit
  • RU radio unit
  • RIC RAN Intelligent Controller
  • RIC e.g., a Near-Real Time RIC (Near-RT RIC) , a Non-Real Time RIC (Non-RT RIC)
  • SMO Service Management and Orchestration
  • An RU may also be referred to as a radio head, a smart radio head, a remote radio head (RRH) , a remote radio unit (RRU) , or a transmission reception point (TRP) .
  • One or more components of the network entities 102 in a disaggregated RAN architecture may be co-located, or one or more components of the network entities 102 may be located in distributed locations (e.g., separate physical locations) .
  • one or more network entities 102 of a disaggregated RAN architecture may be implemented as virtual units (e.g., a virtual CU (VCU) , a virtual DU (VDU) , a virtual RU (VRU) ) .
  • VCU virtual CU
  • VDU virtual DU
  • VRU virtual RU
  • Split of functionality between a CU, a DU, and an RU may be flexible and may support different functionalities depending upon which functions (e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof) are performed at a CU, a DU, or an RU.
  • functions e.g., network layer functions, protocol layer functions, baseband functions, radio frequency functions, and any combinations thereof
  • a functional split of a protocol stack may be employed between a CU and a DU such that the CU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the DU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack.
  • the CU may host upper protocol layer (e.g., a layer 3 (L3) , a layer 2 (L2) ) functionality and signaling (e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC) , service data adaption protocol (SDAP) , Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) ) .
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • SDAP service data adaption protocol
  • PDCP Packet Data Convergence Protocol
  • the CU may be connected to one or more DUs or RUs, and the one or more DUs or RUs may host lower protocol layers, such as a layer 1 (L1) (e.g., physical (PHY) layer) or an L2 (e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access control (MAC) layer) functionality and signaling, and may each be at least partially controlled by the CU 160.
  • L1 e.g., physical (PHY) layer
  • L2 e.g., radio link control (RLC) layer, medium access
  • a functional split of the protocol stack may be employed between a DU and an RU such that the DU may support one or more layers of the protocol stack and the RU may support one or more different layers of the protocol stack.
  • the DU may support one or multiple different cells (e.g., via one or more RUs) .
  • a functional split between a CU and a DU, or between a DU and an RU may be within a protocol layer (e.g., some functions for a protocol layer may be performed by one of a CU, a DU, or an RU, while other functions of the protocol layer are performed by a different one of the CU, the DU, or the RU) .
  • a CU may be functionally split further into CU control plane (CU-CP) and CU user plane (CU-UP) functions.
  • a CU may be connected to one or more DUs via a midhaul communication link (e.g., F1, F1-c, F1-u)
  • a DU may be connected to one or more RUs via a fronthaul communication link (e.g., open fronthaul (FH) interface)
  • FH open fronthaul
  • a midhaul communication link or a fronthaul communication link may be implemented in accordance with an interface (e.g., a channel) between layers of a protocol stack supported by respective network entities 102 that are in communication via such communication links.
  • the core network 106 may support user authentication, access authorization, tracking, connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions.
  • the core network 106 may be an evolved packet core (EPC) , or a 5G core (5GC) , which may include a control plane entity that manages access and mobility (e.g., a mobility management entity (MME) , an access and mobility management functions (AMF) ) and a user plane entity that routes packets or interconnects to external networks (e.g., a serving gateway (S-GW) , a Packet Data Network (PDN) gateway (P-GW) , or a user plane function (UPF) ) .
  • EPC evolved packet core
  • 5GC 5G core
  • MME mobility management entity
  • AMF access and mobility management functions
  • S-GW serving gateway
  • PDN gateway Packet Data Network gateway
  • UPF user plane function
  • control plane entity may manage non-access stratum (NAS) functions, such as mobility, authentication, and bearer management (e.g., data bearers, signal bearers, etc. ) for the one or more UEs 104 served by the one or more network entities 102 associated with the core network 106.
  • NAS non-access stratum
  • the core network 106 may communicate with the packet data network 108 over one or more backhaul links 116 (e.g., via an S1, N2, N2, or another network interface) .
  • the packet data network 108 may include an application server 118.
  • one or more UEs 104 may communicate with the application server 118.
  • a UE 104 may establish a session (e.g., a protocol data unit (PDU) session, or the like) with the core network 106 via a network entity 102.
  • the core network 106 may route traffic (e.g., control information, data, and the like) between the UE 104 and the application server 118 using the established session (e.g., the established PDU session) .
  • the PDU session may be an example of a logical connection between the UE 104 and the core network 106 (e.g., one or more network functions of the core network 106) .
  • the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may use resources of the wireless communications system 100 (e.g., time resources (e.g., symbols, slots, subframes, frames, or the like) or frequency resources (e.g., subcarriers, carriers) ) to perform various operations (e.g., wireless communications) .
  • the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different resource structures.
  • the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support different frame structures.
  • the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support a single frame structure.
  • the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures (i.e., multiple frame structures) .
  • the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may support various frame structures based on one or more numerologies.
  • One or more numerologies may be supported in the wireless communications system 100, and a numerology may include a subcarrier spacing and a cyclic prefix.
  • a first subcarrier spacing e.g., 15 kHz
  • a normal cyclic prefix e.g. 15 kHz
  • the first numerology associated with the first subcarrier spacing (e.g., 15 kHz) may utilize one slot per subframe.
  • a time interval of a resource may be organized according to frames (also referred to as radio frames) .
  • Each frame may have a duration, for example, a 10 millisecond (ms) duration.
  • each frame may include multiple subframes.
  • each frame may include 10 subframes, and each subframe may have a duration, for example, a 1 ms duration.
  • each frame may have the same duration.
  • each subframe of a frame may have the same duration.
  • a time interval of a resource may be organized according to slots.
  • a subframe may include a number (e.g., quantity) of slots.
  • the number of slots in each subframe may also depend on the one or more numerologies supported in the wireless communications system 100.
  • Each slot may include a number (e.g., quantity) of symbols (e.g., OFDM symbols) .
  • the number (e.g., quantity) of slots for a subframe may depend on a numerology.
  • a slot For a normal cyclic prefix, a slot may include 14 symbols.
  • a slot For an extended cyclic prefix (e.g., applicable for 60 kHz subcarrier spacing) , a slot may include 12 symbols.
  • an electromagnetic (EM) spectrum may be split, based on frequency or wavelength, into various classes, frequency bands, frequency channels, etc.
  • the wireless communications system 100 may support one or multiple operating frequency bands, such as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz –7.125 GHz) , FR2 (24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz) , FR3 (7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz) , FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz) , FR4a or FR4-1 (52.6 GHz –71 GHz) , and FR5 (114.25 GHz –300 GHz) .
  • FR1 410 MHz –7.125 GHz
  • FR2 24.25 GHz –52.6 GHz
  • FR3 7.125 GHz –24.25 GHz
  • FR4 (52.6 GHz –114.25 GHz)
  • FR4a or FR4-1 52.6 GHz –71 GHz
  • FR5 114.25 GHz
  • the network entities 102 and the UEs 104 may perform wireless communications over one or more of the operating frequency bands.
  • FR1 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for cellular communications traffic (e.g., control information, data) .
  • FR2 may be used by the network entities 102 and the UEs 104, among other equipment or devices for short-range, high data rate capabilities.
  • FR1 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least three numerologies) .
  • FR2 may be associated with one or multiple numerologies (e.g., at least 2 numerologies) .
  • FIG. 1B illustrates an example of the physical device-to-reader channel (PDRCH) generation associated with aspects of the present disclosure. It is noted that other blocks could be added if agreed.
  • PDRCH generation at the device e.g., the A-IoT device
  • at least following blocks are studied as the baseline: cyclic redundancy check (CRC) bits are appended if there is non-zero length CRC; coding; modulation.
  • CRC cyclic redundancy check
  • coding coding
  • modulation modulation
  • FIG. 1C illustrates an example of 4-step access procedure associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the device sends an ID to the reader in Msg1, and the ID is a random ID generated by device (e.g. randomly generated or generated based on device ID) .
  • the reader echoes the ID received in Msg1, and further information may be included in Msg2.
  • the device sends device ID and/or any other upper layer data (depending on upper layer request) in Msg3. If the Msg2 including the same random ID in Msg1 is received, the device considers the contention resolution as successful. RAN2 assumes the size of random ID in Msg1 should be sufficient for contention resolution purpose.
  • “Msg4” i.e. the subsequent reader to device, R2D, transmission after device to reader, D2R, transmission
  • Msg4 can be considered to handle the Msg3 transmission failure (due to various reasons) .
  • FIG. 1D illustrates an example of 2-step access procedure associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the device sends Device ID and/or any other upper layer data (depending on upper layer request) in Msg1.
  • the reader may echo some information from Msg1.
  • the line coding is based on the different length of each chip after line coding to achieve different frequencies, e.g., BLFs.
  • BLF radio frequency identification
  • the BLF could be from 40 kHz to 640 kHz.
  • the duration of each chip could be varied depending on the frequency, for example, the duration of the chip with a frequency of 40 kHz may be 16 times the duration of the chip with a frequency of 640Hz. Therefore, the D2R transmission with higher frequency will occupy shorter time duration.
  • repetition has been proposed to be studied, e.g., block level repetition/bit-level repetition or chip level repetition.
  • bits received from higher layers and/or physical layer (according to what is present) after CRC attachment (if used) are block wise repeated R block times.
  • bit level type 1 each bit after CRC attachment (if used) is repeated R bit times.
  • bit level type 2 each bit after both CRC attachment (if used) and FEC (if used) is repeated R bit times.
  • chip level each chip after line coding (if used) or after square wave modulation (if used) is repeated R chip times, which is equivalent to extending the duration of each chip by R chip times.
  • the times of repetitions for D2R transmission need to be determined considering the slotted-Aloha with FDMed resources.
  • FIG. 1E illustrates an example of chip durations of different BLFs associated with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the time duration of the D2R transmission is determined by the BLF if same payload size is transmitted by all the A-IoT devices.
  • the transmission duration is much shorter than the device with lower BLF.
  • the resources not occupied by the device with higher BLF they will be wasted since no other devices will perform D2R transmission on these resources and the reader cannot transmit feedback on these resources either considering the half-duplex of the reader.
  • a first device selects a frequency from a set of candidate frequencies for a transmission from the first device to a second device. Based on the selected frequency and a reference frequency, the first device determines a number of repetitions for the transmission. The first device then performs the number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency. In this way, the frequency for the transmission and the number of repetitions are determined, and thus the resource utilization is improved.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a signaling chart illustrating an example process 200 in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the process 200 may involve the first device 201 and the second device 202. It would be appreciated that although the process 200 is applied in the communication environment 100 of FIG. 1A, this process may be likewise applied to other communication scenarios with similar issues.
  • the first device 201 may comprise an IoT device, e.g., A-IoT device.
  • the second device 202 may comprise a reader of the IoT device. It is to be understood that the number of the first device 201 or the second device 202 is only for the purpose of illustration without suggesting any limitations.
  • the process 200 may include any suitable number of devices adapted for implementing embodiments of the present disclosure. Although not shown, it would be appreciated that one or more first devices may be comprised in the process 200.
  • the second device 202 transmits 210 a reference frequency 215 among a set of candidate frequencies to the first device 201.
  • the first device 201 may receive 220 the reference frequency 215 from the second device 202.
  • the reference frequency may be indicated by the second device 202, e.g., indicated by reader via MSG2.
  • the reader may successfully receive MSG1 on one or more frequencies among the candidate frequencies from different A-IoT devices.
  • the reader will transmit responses to the A-IoT device via MSG2 to the A-IoT devices which it has successfully received the MSG1 to schedule the transmission of MSG3.
  • the reader could indicate the information of lowest frequency on which it has successfully received MSG1 to assist the A-IoT device to determine times of repetitions of the D2R transmission carrying MSG3.
  • the reference frequency may comprise a lowest frequency among the set of candidate frequencies.
  • the first device 201 may select the lowest frequency among the set of candidate frequencies as the reference frequency by default.
  • the set of candidate frequencies may be configured by the second device 202. In some other embodiments, the set of candidate frequencies may be configured by a network device. Alternatively, the set of candidate frequencies may be indicated by the second device 202. In addition, the set of candidate frequencies may be indicated by a network device. For instance, a set of candidate frequencies may be indicated or configured by the reader or network, e.g., in MSG0 transmitted from a reader to the A-IoT devices. The set of candidate frequencies may be N frequencies, e.g., ⁇ F 0 , F 2 , F 3 , ..., F N-1 ⁇ . Alternatively, the set of candidate frequencies may be predefined.
  • the first device 201 selects 225 a frequency from a set of candidate frequencies for a transmission from the first device 201 to a second device 202.
  • the frequency may comprise a backscatter link frequency (BLF) .
  • the transmission may comprise a Msg1 of a 2-step RA, a Msg1 of a 4-step RA, or a Msg3 of the 4-step RA.
  • the first device 201 which will transmit response to the reader during random access procedure randomly selects a frequency from the candidate frequencies.
  • the first device 201 may perform a D2R transmission carrying MSG1 with the selected frequency achieved by line coding.
  • the first device 201 may uses the same frequency to transmit MSG1 and MSG3.
  • the first device 201 determines 230 a number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency. In some embodiments, no repetition is to be performed for a transmission on the reference frequency. Alternatively or additionally, a time duration of the number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency may be shorter than or equal to a time duration of a transmission on the reference frequency.
  • the first device 201 may determine the times of repetitions of D2R transmission based on a selected frequency and the lowest frequency among the candidate frequencies.
  • all the A-IoT devices transmit MSG1 with same payload size (e.g., 16 bits ID for 4-step RA or 96 bits for 2-step RA) during random access. Since the frequency used by each A-IoT device is randomly selected by the A-IoT device, the lowest frequency may be used as the reference frequency. For the A-IoT device which selects frequency other than lowest frequency could assume that the lowest frequency may be used by the other A-IoT device and assumes there has no repetitions for the D2R transmission with lowest frequency. In this case, the A-IoT device may determine the times of repetitions to guarantee that total time duration of its D2R transmission does not exceed the time duration of the D2R transmission by the other A-IoT device on the lowest frequency.
  • payload size e.g. 16 bits ID for 4-step RA or 96 bits for 2-step RA
  • multiple frequencies may be indicated or configured or pre-defined for the random access of A-IoT, and F 0 is the lowest frequency among the candidate frequencies. There is no repetition for the D2R transmission with F 0 .
  • the A-IoT device determines the times of repetitions to guarantee that the total D2R transmission just doesn’t exceed the time duration of the D2R transmission with F 0 .
  • the times of repetitions of D2R transmission with F X may be determined as The times of repetitions of the F X is 2, and the times of repetitions of the F Y is 5.
  • the first device 201 may determine the times of repetitions of D2R transmission based on a selected frequency and the indicated frequency. For instance, the D2R transmission carrying MSG3 with indicated reference frequency has no repetition, and the A-IoT device transmitting D2R carrying MSG3 with the frequency other than the indicated reference frequencycould determine the time of repetition based on the frequency and the indicated reference frequency to guarantee the time duration just doesn’t exceed the time duration of the D2R transmission with the indicated reference frequency, for example As shown in FIG. 4, F Ref is the indicated reference frequency. There is no repetition for the D2R transmission with F Ref . The times of repetitions of D2R transmission with F Y may be determined as The times of repetitions of the F Y is 3.
  • the number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency is a first number
  • the first device 201 may further receive an indication of a second number of repetitions for a transmission on the reference frequency from the second device 202.
  • the first number of repetitions is further determined based on the second number of repetitions.
  • repetition may be needed even for the D2R transmission on the reference frequency.
  • the reader may indicate the times of repetitions for the D2R transmission with lowest frequency, and the A-IoT device selects frequency other than the lowest frequency could further determine the times of repetitions of its own D2R transmission with the selected frequency.
  • the times of repetitions of D2R transmission with F X is determined as where F 0 is the lowest frequency among the candidate frequencies and M is the times of repetitions for the D2R transmission with lowest frequency.
  • the times of repetitions on the lowest frequency is indicated by the reader with R2D transmission. As shown in FIG.
  • the times of repetitions of the F X is 4, and the times of repetitions of the F Y is 9.
  • the reader may indicate the times of repetitions for the D2R transmission carrying MSG3 with the reference frequency.
  • the payload size of Msg1 and Msg3 may be different, for example in RFID, there are 16 bits carried by Msg1 and at least 96 bits carried by Msg3.
  • the reader may further indicate the times of repetitions of the D2R transmission carrying Msg3 with the reference frequency, for example, the reader indicates M as the time of repetitions.
  • F Ref is the indicated reference frequency
  • the A-IoT device may determine the times of repetitions for the D2R transmission with F Y as The times of repetitions of the F Y is 6.
  • a time duration of the first number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency may be shorter than or equal to a time duration of the second number of repetitions for the transmission on the reference frequency.
  • the indication may be received via a preamble of a transmission from the second device to the first device, control information of a transmission from the second device to the first device, a PRDCH e.g., a media access control (MAC) control element (MAC CE) , or a combination of two or more of above mentioned items.
  • a PRDCH e.g., a media access control (MAC) control element (MAC CE)
  • the first device 201 may determine the maximum number of repetitions based on the selected frequency and the reference frequency. Alternatively, if there are repetitions during the transmission on the selected frequency, the first device 201 may determine the maximum number of repetitions based on the selected frequency, the reference frequency, and a second number of repetitions for the transmission on the reference frequency. Then the first device 201 may determine the number of repetitions for the transmission based on the maximum number of repetitions, and the number of repetitions for the transmission is less than or equal to the maximum number of repetitions.
  • the A-IoT device may determine the times of repetitions based on the randomly selected frequency and the lowest frequency or a reference frequency and/or the indicated times of repetitions on the lowest frequency or reference frequency, and the A-IoT device may transmit the D2R transmission with the determined times of repetitions or an actual times of repetitions.
  • the determined times of repetitions could be as the maximum times of repetitions and the actual times of repetitions is not larger than the determined times of repetitions.
  • the actual times of repetitions is determined by the A-IoT device.
  • the first device 201 performs 235 the number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency.
  • the second device 202 receives 245 the number of repetitions for a transmission 240 from the first device 201 on a selected frequency among the set of candidate frequencies. The number of repetitions is determined based on the selected frequency and the reference frequency.
  • the first device 201 may further transmit an indication of the number of repetitions to the second device 202 for the transmission on the selected frequency.
  • the A-IoT device For block-level repetition, there has no issue even the actual times of repetitions is determined by the A-IoT device with the restriction of maximum times of repetitions determined.
  • the reader For bit-level repetition type 1 and type 2, the reader needs to know the actual times of repetitions to decode the corresponding PDRCH. Therefore, the A-IoT device needs to indicate the actual times of repetitions to reader.
  • the indication may be provided by a number of the repetitions of a preamble of the transmission.
  • the number of repetitions may be indicated by the times of repetitions of the preamble.
  • one preamble is pre-defined, the A-IoT device transmits multiple times of the preamble, and the times of repetitions of PDRCH is same as the times of repetitions of the preamble.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a device 700 that supports repetitions for transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the device 700 may be an example of a UE 104 as described herein.
  • the device 700 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof.
  • the device 700 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 702, a memory 704, a transceiver 706, and, optionally, an I/O controller 708. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
  • interfaces e.g., buses
  • the processor 702 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) .
  • the processor 702 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller.
  • a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 702.
  • the processor 702 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 704) to cause the device 700 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
  • the memory 704 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) .
  • the memory 704 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 702 cause the device 700 to perform various functions described herein.
  • the code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory.
  • the code may not be directly executable by the processor 702 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.
  • the memory 704 may include, among other things, a basic I/O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
  • BIOS basic I/O system
  • the I/O controller 708 may manage input and output signals for the device 700.
  • the I/O controller 708 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02.
  • the I/O controller 708 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral.
  • the I/O controller 708 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system.
  • the I/O controller 708 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 706.
  • a user may interact with the device 700 via the I/O controller 708 or via hardware components controlled by the I/O controller 708.
  • the device 700 may include a single antenna 710. However, in some other implementations, the device 700 may have more than one antenna 710 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.
  • the transceiver 706 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 710, wired, or wireless links as described herein.
  • the transceiver 706 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver.
  • a receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium.
  • the receive chain may include one or more antennas 710 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium.
  • the receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal.
  • the receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal.
  • the receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a device 800 that supports repetitions for transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the device 800 may be an example of a network entity 102 or a UE 104 as described herein.
  • the device 800 may support wireless communication with one or more network entities 102, UEs 104, or any combination thereof.
  • the device 800 may include components for bi-directional communications including components for transmitting and receiving communications, such as a processor 802, a memory 804, a transceiver 806, and, optionally, an I/O controller 808. These components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
  • the processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations thereof or various components thereof may be examples of means for performing various aspects of the present disclosure as described herein.
  • the processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations or components thereof may support a method for performing one or more of the operations described herein.
  • the processor 802, the memory 804, the transceiver 806, or various combinations or components thereof may be implemented in hardware (e.g., in communications management circuitry) .
  • the hardware may include a processor, a digital signal processor (DSP) , an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) , a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof configured as or otherwise supporting a means for performing the functions described in the present disclosure.
  • the processor 802 and the memory 804 coupled with the processor 802 may be configured to perform one or more of the functions described herein (e.g., executing, by the processor 802, instructions stored in the memory 804) .
  • the processor 802 may support wireless communication at the device 800 in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
  • the processor 802 may be configured to operable to support a means for transmitting, to a first device, a reference frequency among a set of candidate frequencies; and a means for receiving, from the first device, a number of repetitions for a transmission on a selected frequency among the set of candidate frequencies, wherein the number of repetitions is determined based on the selected frequency and the reference frequency.
  • the processor 802 may be configured to operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1200.
  • the processor 802 may include an intelligent hardware device (e.g., a general-purpose processor, a DSP, a CPU, a microcontroller, an ASIC, an FPGA, a programmable logic device, a discrete gate or transistor logic component, a discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof) .
  • the processor 802 may be configured to operate a memory array using a memory controller.
  • a memory controller may be integrated into the processor 802.
  • the processor 802 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in a memory (e.g., the memory 804) to cause the device 800 to perform various functions of the present disclosure.
  • the memory 804 may include random access memory (RAM) and read-only memory (ROM) .
  • the memory 804 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 802 cause the device 800 to perform various functions described herein.
  • the code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory.
  • the code may not be directly executable by the processor 802 but may cause a computer (e.g., when compiled and executed) to perform functions described herein.
  • the memory 804 may include, among other things, a basic I/O system (BIOS) which may control basic hardware or software operation such as the interaction with peripheral components or devices.
  • BIOS basic I/O system
  • the I/O controller 808 may manage input and output signals for the device 800.
  • the I/O controller 808 may also manage peripherals not integrated into the device M02.
  • the I/O controller 808 may represent a physical connection or port to an external peripheral.
  • the I/O controller 808 may utilize an operating system such as or another known operating system.
  • the I/O controller 808 may be implemented as part of a processor, such as the processor 806.
  • a user may interact with the device 800 via the I/O controller 808 or via hardware components controlled by the I/O controller 808.
  • the device 800 may include a single antenna 810. However, in some other implementations, the device 800 may have more than one antenna 810 (i.e., multiple antennas) , including multiple antenna panels or antenna arrays, which may be capable of concurrently transmitting or receiving multiple wireless transmissions.
  • the transceiver 806 may communicate bi-directionally, via the one or more antennas 810, wired, or wireless links as described herein.
  • the transceiver 806 may represent a wireless transceiver and may communicate bi-directionally with another wireless transceiver.
  • the transceiver 806 may also include a modem to modulate the packets, to provide the modulated packets to one or more antennas 810 for transmission, and to demodulate packets received from the one or more antennas 810.
  • the transceiver 806 may include one or more transmit chains, one or more receive chains, or a combination thereof.
  • a transmit chain may be configured to generate and transmit signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) .
  • the transmit chain may include at least one modulator for modulating data onto a carrier signal, preparing the signal for transmission over a wireless medium.
  • the at least one modulator may be configured to support one or more techniques such as amplitude modulation (AM) , frequency modulation (FM) , or digital modulation schemes like phase-shift keying (PSK) or quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) .
  • the transmit chain may also include at least one power amplifier configured to amplify the modulated signal to an appropriate power level suitable for transmission over the wireless medium.
  • the transmit chain may also include one or more antennas 810 for transmitting the amplified signal into the air or wireless medium.
  • a receive chain may be configured to receive signals (e.g., control information, data, packets) over a wireless medium.
  • the receive chain may include one or more antennas 810 for receive the signal over the air or wireless medium.
  • the receive chain may include at least one amplifier (e.g., a low-noise amplifier (LNA) ) configured to amplify the received signal.
  • the receive chain may include at least one demodulator configured to demodulate the receive signal and obtain the transmitted data by reversing the modulation technique applied during transmission of the signal.
  • the receive chain may include at least one decoder for decoding the processing the demodulated signal to receive the transmitted data.
  • FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a processor 900 that supports repetitions for transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the processor 900 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • the processor 900 may include a controller 902 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • the processor 900 may optionally include at least one memory 904. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 900 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 906.
  • ALUs arithmetic-logic units
  • One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
  • the processor 900 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • a protocol stack e.g., a software stack
  • operations e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading
  • the processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • DRAM dynamic RAM
  • SDRAM synchronous dynamic RAM
  • SRAM static RAM
  • FeRAM ferroelectric RAM
  • MRAM magnetic RAM
  • RRAM resistive RAM
  • PCM phase change memory
  • the controller 902 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • the controller 902 may operate as a control unit of the processor 900, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 900. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
  • the controller 902 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 904 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • the controller 902 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 904.
  • the controller 902 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved.
  • the controller 902 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 900 to cause the processor 900 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • the controller 902 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 900.
  • the controller 902 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 900.
  • ALUs arithmetic logic units
  • the memory 904 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 900 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 904 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 900) . In some other implementations, the memory 904 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 900) .
  • caches e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 900 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc.
  • the memory 904 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 900) . In some other implementations, the memory 904 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 900) .
  • the memory 904 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 900, cause the processor 900 to perform various functions described herein.
  • the code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory.
  • the controller 902 and/or the processor 900 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 904 to cause the processor 900 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting transmit power prioritization ) .
  • the processor 900 and/or the controller 902 may be coupled with or to the memory 904, the processor 900, the controller 902, and the memory 904 may be configured to perform various functions described herein.
  • the processor 900 may include multiple processors and the memory 904 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
  • the one or more ALUs 906 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • the one or more ALUs 906 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) .
  • the one or more ALUs 906 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 900) .
  • One or more ALUs 906 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data.
  • one or more ALUs 906 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed.
  • One or more ALUs 906 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 906 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 906 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
  • logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 906 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
  • the processor 900 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
  • the processor 902 may be configured to or operable to support a means for selecting a frequency from a set of candidate frequencies for a transmission from the first device to a second device; a means for determining a number of repetitions for the transmission based on the selected frequency and a reference frequency; and a means for performing the number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency.
  • the processor 900 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1100.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates an example of a processor 1000 that supports repetitions for transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the processor 1000 may be an example of a processor configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • the processor 1000 may include a controller 1002 configured to perform various operations in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • the processor 1000 may optionally include at least one memory 1004. Additionally, or alternatively, the processor 1000 may optionally include one or more arithmetic-logic units (ALUs) 1006.
  • ALUs arithmetic-logic units
  • One or more of these components may be in electronic communication or otherwise coupled (e.g., operatively, communicatively, functionally, electronically, electrically) via one or more interfaces (e.g., buses) .
  • the processor 1000 may be a processor chipset and include a protocol stack (e.g., a software stack) executed by the processor chipset to perform various operations (e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • a protocol stack e.g., a software stack
  • operations e.g., receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading
  • the processor chipset may include one or more cores, one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1000) or other memory (e.g., random access memory (RAM) , read-only memory (ROM) , dynamic RAM (DRAM) , synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM) , static RAM (SRAM) , ferroelectric RAM (FeRAM) , magnetic RAM (MRAM) , resistive RAM (RRAM) , flash memory, phase change memory (PCM) , and others) .
  • RAM random access memory
  • ROM read-only memory
  • DRAM dynamic RAM
  • SDRAM synchronous dynamic RAM
  • SRAM static RAM
  • FeRAM ferroelectric RAM
  • MRAM magnetic RAM
  • RRAM resistive RAM
  • PCM phase change memory
  • the controller 1002 may be configured to manage and coordinate various operations (e.g., signaling, receiving, obtaining, retrieving, transmitting, outputting, forwarding, storing, determining, identifying, accessing, writing, reading) of the processor 1000 to cause the processor 1000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • the controller 1002 may operate as a control unit of the processor 1000, generating control signals that manage the operation of various components of the processor 1000. These control signals include enabling or disabling functional units, selecting data paths, initiating memory access, and coordinating timing of operations.
  • the controller 1002 may be configured to fetch (e.g., obtain, retrieve, receive) instructions from the memory 1004 and determine subsequent instruction (s) to be executed to cause the processor 1000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • the controller 1002 may be configured to track memory address of instructions associated with the memory 1004.
  • the controller 1002 may be configured to decode instructions to determine the operation to be performed and the operands involved.
  • the controller 1002 may be configured to interpret the instruction and determine control signals to be output to other components of the processor 1000 to cause the processor 1000 to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • the controller 1002 may be configured to manage flow of data within the processor 1000.
  • the controller 1002 may be configured to control transfer of data between registers, arithmetic logic units (ALUs) , and other functional units of the processor 1000.
  • ALUs arithmetic logic units
  • the memory 1004 may include one or more caches (e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1000 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc. In some implementation, the memory 1004 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1000) . In some other implementations, the memory 1004 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1000) .
  • caches e.g., memory local to or included in the processor 1000 or other memory, such RAM, ROM, DRAM, SDRAM, SRAM, MRAM, flash memory, etc.
  • the memory 1004 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., local to the processor 1000) . In some other implementations, the memory 1004 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., remote to the processor 1000) .
  • the memory 1004 may store computer-readable, computer-executable code including instructions that, when executed by the processor 1000, cause the processor 1000 to perform various functions described herein.
  • the code may be stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium such as system memory or another type of memory.
  • the controller 1002 and/or the processor 1000 may be configured to execute computer-readable instructions stored in the memory 1004 to cause the processor 1000 to perform various functions (e.g., functions or tasks supporting transmit power prioritization ) .
  • the processor 1000 and/or the controller 1002 may be coupled with or to the memory 1004, the processor 1000, the controller 1002, and the memory 1004 may be configured to perform various functions described herein.
  • the processor 1000 may include multiple processors and the memory 1004 may include multiple memories. One or more of the multiple processors may be coupled with one or more of the multiple memories, which may, individually or collectively, be configured to perform various functions herein.
  • the one or more ALUs 1006 may be configured to support various operations in accordance with examples as described herein.
  • the one or more ALUs 1006 may reside within or on a processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1000) .
  • the one or more ALUs 1006 may reside external to the processor chipset (e.g., the processor 1000) .
  • One or more ALUs 1006 may perform one or more computations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division on data.
  • one or more ALUs 1006 may receive input operands and an operation code, which determines an operation to be executed.
  • One or more ALUs 1006 be configured with a variety of logical and arithmetic circuits, including adders, subtractors, shifters, and logic gates, to process and manipulate the data according to the operation. Additionally, or alternatively, the one or more ALUs 1006 may support logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 1006 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
  • logical operations such as AND, OR, exclusive-OR (XOR) , not-OR (NOR) , and not-AND (NAND) , enabling the one or more ALUs 1006 to handle conditional operations, comparisons, and bitwise operations.
  • the processor 1000 may support wireless communication in accordance with examples as disclosed herein.
  • the processor 1002 may be configured to or operable to support a means for transmitting, to a first device, a reference frequency among a set of candidate frequencies; and a means for receiving, from the first device, a number of repetitions for a transmission on a selected frequency among the set of candidate frequencies, wherein the number of repetitions is determined based on the selected frequency and the reference frequency.
  • the processor 1000 may be configured to or operable to support other means for other implementations of method 1200.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1100 that supports repetitions for transmission in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of the method 1100 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of the method 1100 may be performed by a UE 104 as described herein.
  • the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
  • the method may include selecting a frequency from a set of candidate frequencies for a transmission from the first device to a second device.
  • the operations of 1105 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1105 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
  • the method may include determining a number of repetitions for the transmission based on the selected frequency and a reference frequency.
  • the operations of 1110 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1110 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
  • the method may include performing the number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency.
  • the operations of 1115 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1115 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
  • the set of candidate frequencies may be configured by the second device. In some embodiments, the set of candidate frequencies may be configured by a network device. In some embodiments, the set of candidate frequencies may be indicated by the second device. In some embodiments, the set of candidate frequencies may be indicated by a network device. In some embodiments, the set of candidate frequencies may be predefined.
  • the reference frequency may comprise a lowest frequency among the set of candidate frequencies. In some embodiments, the reference frequency may be indicated by the second device.
  • the number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency is a first number
  • the method may further include receiving, from the second device, an indication of a second number of repetitions for a transmission on the reference frequency, and the first number of repetitions is determined further based on the second number of repetitions. In some embodiments, no repetition is to be performed for a transmission on the reference frequency.
  • a time duration of the number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency may be shorter than or equal to a time duration of a transmission on the reference frequency. In some embodiments, a time duration of the first number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency may be shorter than or equal to a time duration of the second number of repetitions for the transmission on the reference frequency.
  • the indication may be received via one of the following: a preamble of a transmission from the second device to the first device; control information of a transmission from the second device to the first device; or a physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) .
  • PRDCH physical reader-to-device channel
  • the method may further include determining the number of repetitions for the transmission by: determining a maximum number of repetitions based on one of (i) the selected frequency and the reference frequency or (ii) the selected frequency, the reference frequency, and a second number of repetitions for the transmission on the reference frequency; and determining the number of repetitions for the transmission based on the maximum number of repetitions, wherein the number of repetitions for the transmission is less than or equal to the maximum number of repetitions.
  • the method may further include transmitting, to the second device, an indication of the number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency.
  • the indication may be provided by one of the following: a preamble of the transmission; or a number of the repetitions of a preamble of the transmission.
  • the first device may comprise an Internet of things (IoT) device.
  • the second device may comprise a reader of the IoT device.
  • the frequency may comprise a backscatter link frequency (BLF) .
  • the transmission may comprise a message 1 (Msg1) of a 2-step random access (RA) , a Msg1 of a 4-step RA, or a message 3 (Msg3) of the 4-step RA.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates a flowchart of a method 1200 that supports repetition transmissions in accordance with aspects of the present disclosure.
  • the operations of the method 1900 may be implemented by a device or its components as described herein.
  • the operations of the method 1200 may be performed by a network entity 102 or a UE 104 as described herein.
  • the device may execute a set of instructions to control the function elements of the device to perform the described functions. Additionally, or alternatively, the device may perform aspects of the described functions using special-purpose hardware.
  • the method may include transmitting, to a first device, a reference frequency among a set of candidate frequencies.
  • the operations of 1205 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1205 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
  • the method may include receiving, from the first device, a number of repetitions for a transmission on a selected frequency among the set of candidate frequencies, and the number of repetitions is determined based on the selected frequency and the reference frequency.
  • the operations of 1210 may be performed in accordance with examples as described herein. In some implementations, aspects of the operations of 1210 may be performed by a device as described with reference to FIG. 1A.
  • the number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency is a first number
  • the method may further include transmitting, to a first device, an indication of a second number of repetitions for a transmission on the reference frequency from the first device to a second device, and the first number of repetitions is determined further based on the second number of repetitions.
  • the method may further include transmitting, to one or more first devices, the set of candidate frequencies for one or more transmission from the one or more first devices to the second device.
  • the set of candidate frequencies may be configured by the second device. In some embodiments, the set of candidate frequencies may be configured by a network device. In some embodiments, the set of candidate frequencies may be indicated by the second device. In some embodiments, the set of candidate frequencies may be indicated by a network device. In some embodiments, the set of candidate frequencies may be predefined.
  • the method may further include receiving, from at least one first device among the one or more first devices, at least one transmission on at least one frequency; and determining the reference frequency based on the at least one frequency, and the reference frequency is the lowest frequency among the at least one frequency.
  • a time duration of the number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency may be shorter than or equal to a time duration of a transmission on the reference frequency. In some embodiments, a time duration of the first number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency may be shorter than or equal to a time duration of the second number of repetitions for the transmission on the reference frequency.
  • At least one of the reference frequency or the indication of the second number may be transmitted via one of the following: a preamble of a transmission from the second device to the first device; control information of a transmission from the second device to the first device; or a physical reader-to-device channel (PRDCH) .
  • PRDCH physical reader-to-device channel
  • the method may further include receiving, from the first device, an indication of the number of repetitions for the transmission on the selected frequency.
  • the indication may be provided by one of the following: a preamble of the transmission; or a number of the repetitions of a preamble of the transmission.
  • the first device may comprise an Internet of things (IoT) device.
  • the second device may comprise a reader of the IoT device.
  • the frequency may comprise a backscatter link frequency (BLF) .
  • the transmission may comprise a message 1 (Msg1) of a 2-step random access (RA) , a Msg1 of a 4-step RA, or a message 3 (Msg3) of the 4-step RA.
  • a general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices (e.g., a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • the functions described herein may be implemented in hardware, software executed by a processor, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software executed by a processor, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations are within the scope of the disclosure and appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, functions described herein may be implemented using software executed by a processor, hardware, firmware, hardwiring, or combinations of any of these. Features implementing functions may also be physically located at various positions, including being distributed such that portions of functions are implemented at different physical locations.
  • Computer-readable media includes both non-transitory computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
  • a non-transitory storage medium may be any available medium that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer.
  • non-transitory computer-readable media may include RAM, ROM, electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM) , flash memory, compact disk (CD) ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium that may be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of instructions or data structures and that may be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor.
  • an article “a” before an element is unrestricted and understood to refer to “at least one” of those elements or “one or more” of those elements.
  • the terms “a, ” “at least one, ” “one or more, ” and “at least one of one or more” may be interchangeable.
  • a list of items indicates an inclusive list such that, for example, a list of at least one of A, B, or C means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C) .
  • the phrase “based on” shall not be construed as a reference to a closed set of conditions. For example, an example step that is described as “based on condition A” may be based on both a condition A and a condition B without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
  • the phrase “based on” shall be construed in the same manner as the phrase “based at least in part on.
  • a “set” may include one or more elements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

Divers aspects de la présente divulgation concernent des répétitions pour transmission. Selon un aspect, un premier dispositif sélectionne une fréquence à partir d'un ensemble de fréquences candidates pour une transmission du premier dispositif à un second dispositif. Sur la base de la fréquence sélectionnée et d'une fréquence de référence, le premier dispositif détermine un nombre de répétitions pour la transmission. Le premier dispositif effectue ensuite le nombre de répétitions pour la transmission sur la fréquence sélectionnée.
PCT/CN2024/107087 2024-07-23 2024-07-23 Répétitions pour transmission Pending WO2025107691A1 (fr)

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010061096A1 (fr) * 2008-11-25 2010-06-03 France Telecom Technique de selection d'une frequence de communication
US20200196297A1 (en) * 2016-08-19 2020-06-18 Ntt Docomo, Inc. Resource determination method, base station, and mobile station
US20210029710A1 (en) * 2018-03-07 2021-01-28 Shanghai Langbo Communication Technology Company Limited Method and device used in ue and base station for wireless communication

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010061096A1 (fr) * 2008-11-25 2010-06-03 France Telecom Technique de selection d'une frequence de communication
US20200196297A1 (en) * 2016-08-19 2020-06-18 Ntt Docomo, Inc. Resource determination method, base station, and mobile station
US20210029710A1 (en) * 2018-03-07 2021-01-28 Shanghai Langbo Communication Technology Company Limited Method and device used in ue and base station for wireless communication

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