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WO2025102139A1 - Method for recovering iron and lead from furnace slag from pre-processing of lead-acid battery components - Google Patents

Method for recovering iron and lead from furnace slag from pre-processing of lead-acid battery components Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2025102139A1
WO2025102139A1 PCT/BR2024/050520 BR2024050520W WO2025102139A1 WO 2025102139 A1 WO2025102139 A1 WO 2025102139A1 BR 2024050520 W BR2024050520 W BR 2024050520W WO 2025102139 A1 WO2025102139 A1 WO 2025102139A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lead
furnace
slag
iron
acid battery
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PCT/BR2024/050520
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French (fr)
Portuguese (pt)
Inventor
Charles DUPOND
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority claimed from BR102024023602-5A external-priority patent/BR102024023602A2/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2025102139A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025102139A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B7/00Working up raw materials other than ores, e.g. scrap, to produce non-ferrous metals and compounds thereof; Methods of a general interest or applied to the winning of more than two metals
    • C22B7/04Working-up slag
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B13/00Obtaining lead
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B13/00Obtaining lead
    • C22B13/02Obtaining lead by dry processes

Definitions

  • the present invention patent refers to a process that may be continuous or not, in a blast furnace, cupola type furnaces or similar for the recovery of iron and lead from lead-acid battery slag, applicable in the area of metallurgy and steelmaking, specifically in the metalworking industry for the recovery of iron, lead and other metals, with the objective of minimizing the disposal of these metals in landfills through recycling, enabling a more noble destination for this raw material, with the advantages of protecting water resources and soil against leaching and reducing the costs associated with the supply of iron and lead for battery recycling.
  • Lead-acid battery recovery processes currently use pre-processing furnaces for the components of these batteries, which mostly generate high concentrations of pollutants and slag with high concentrations of impurities and heavy metals such as lead.
  • the metallurgical, steel and metalworking industries lack effective and sustainable ways to reuse or dispose of this slag in a more noble way, and it is commonly discarded in landfills.
  • metals such as iron, lead, manganese, zinc, copper, tin and antimony can leach out, causing contamination of soil and water systems.
  • Lead is a highly toxic metal that can cause illness and even death in living organisms. In humans, prolonged exposure to lead can lead to accumulation in the body, affecting the brain, circulatory system, kidneys, digestive and reproductive systems, and can also cause genetic mutations in future generations. This metal is dispersed in the environment, contaminating soil, water and air, especially through inadequate disposal practices and industrial emissions, representing a major risk to public health and the environment, which requires rigorous waste management practices.
  • Korean patent KR102412921B1 describes a process for recovering lead from used batteries using a rotary kiln. This method involves pre-processing the battery components, including the lead paste and grid. A mixture of at least 20% by total weight of a carbon source, an iron source, a sodium source and a calcium source is then added to the lead source material before being fed into the rotary kiln for smelting.
  • Korean patent KR101108236B1 presents an automated system for extracting and refining lead from batteries.
  • the steps performed by the equipment include: extraction of residual acid; grinding; separation and; smelting. Initially, the device removes the acid from the battery and grinds it into pieces. The separation of the substrates is carried out by difference in densities. The extracted paste is neutralized before being melted together with the recovered lead in a device that combines the mixing, melting and refining phases, in the automated process.
  • the patent fulfills the objective of recycling lead, it uses wet electrolysis, which has several disadvantages in this process, such as high energy consumption, pH control and high temperature.
  • chlorine gas is generated, which is much more dangerous to health and the atmosphere.
  • the wear of the electrodes may require additional treatment steps, which can increase the time, cost and efficiency of the process.
  • Chinese patent CN115161489A discloses a process for producing lead alloys from waste lead-acid battery cases.
  • One of the objectives of this invention is to solve the problem of copper contamination in lead alloy.
  • the process involves crushing, grinding and refining the battery grids, facilitating the fusion and reaction with the copper removal agent, resulting in a lead alloy with low levels of impurities.
  • Chinese patent CN111778415 A discloses a method for preparing a slag reducing agent based on battery production sludge. The process involves pumping the sludge and residues from wastewater treatment into a sludge tank, where they are agitated and subsequently pressed in a filter to form a filter press sludge rich in inorganic matter. This sludge acts as a reducing agent, recovering large amounts of lead and minimizing slag formation.
  • Chinese patent CN107312946B presents a slag subtraction agent for battery grids, composed of CaCCh, charcoal, sawdust, borax and sodium carbonate. The purpose of applying these components is to minimize the oxidation of liquid lead, limiting slag formation to 2.5 - 2.9%, segregating the substrates and decreasing lead loss.
  • Chinese patent CN113621810 aims to provide a lead ingredient and preparation method for regenerating and reducing waste lead-acid batteries and lead-containing waste materials, using the battery component pre-processing furnace itself to reduce the cost of regenerating and reducing waste lead-acid batteries and lead-containing waste materials.
  • Return slag refers to the bottom slag containing iron and lead left over from previous smelting furnaces. This solution realizes the reuse of return slag by adding part of the return slag to reduce the melting point of the overall slag, saving energy and playing a role in slag manufacturing and reducing the amount of iron filings used in slag manufacturing.
  • the patent process mentions replacing iron filings or chips with pyrite iron ore slag, that is, it is not just lead slag.
  • the waste used for recovery is: metal battery components plus lead scrap; the furnace used is a short drum rotary furnace; and the slag obtained after smelting consists of sodium and iron sulfide, which are chemically processed by acid-base reactions, which generate salts and water, which are undesirable in the process because they contribute to the oxidation of the materials to be recovered, which does not occur, unlike the process of this patent.
  • the patent presents a process focused on environmental regulations, the complexity and several stages of the process such as leaching, oxidation, decantation and filtration can increase the costs and energy used in the process, in addition to the risks of contamination involved in these stages.
  • PROCESS FOR RECOVERING IRON AND LEAD FROM SLAG FROM PRE-PROCESSING FURNACE OF LEAD-ACID BATTERY COMPONENTS object of this patent, aims to solve the limitations and disadvantages of the methods currently used for recycling and recovering iron and lead and other metals, promoting a more efficient and environmentally safe recycling of the metallic residues present in the slag of lead-acid batteries.
  • the present invention relates to an innovative process for recycling iron, lead and other elements from the disposal of lead slag.
  • This process is structured in stages that use reverse logistics to transform ferrous lead slag into mainly lead and iron that can be reused in the recycling of lead/acid batteries.
  • the proposed methodology aims to minimize the amount of environmentally aggressive metals, reducing disposal in landfills and offering an environmentally friendly method for lead recovery, contributing significantly to the reduction of environmental contamination.
  • the advantages of the process of this patent are the following: protection of water resources for future generations who may pay the high price of water tables and soil completely contaminated by leaching; reduction of costs associated with the supply of iron and lead for battery recycling; recycling of lead slag from the smelting of pre-processing of lead-acid battery components; reduction of raw material costs for the slag generators themselves who will have iron and lead reused, generating a reduction in the high costs of iron for recycling batteries and more noble metals.
  • Contaminated cast iron because it contains other noble metals, is still discarded in landfills, worsening the environmental liability.
  • This patent solves this problem through a secondary process that transforms contaminated cast iron into a reusable ferrous alloy, at levels above 95% of concentrated iron, which can be returned to the pre-processing furnace, replacing the iron chips, establishing circular recycling and reverse logistics or even for the metalworking industry;
  • Figure 1 illustrating the schematic representation of the steps, substrates, parameters and equipment involved in the process for reusing slag of the present patent - separation by ingots;
  • Figure 2 illustrates the schematic representation of the steps, substrates, parameters and equipment involved in the alternative process for reusing slag of the present patent - atomization
  • Figure 3 illustrating: (A) Granulated sample in receiving state; (B) Sample melted with an oxyacetylene torch and resolidified;
  • Figure 4 illustrating: (A) Base of the electric arc furnace before melting the samples; (B) Base of the electric arc furnace after melting the samples;
  • Figure 5 illustrating the powder sample after being subjected to the electric arc in the electric arc furnace
  • Figure 6 illustrates the granulated sample after being subjected to the electric arc in the electric arc furnace.
  • the present invention describes a process for the continuous or discontinuous reuse of slag (3.1) from lead-acid batteries in a smelting furnace (1), such as a blast furnace, cupola furnace or similar, while maintaining strict control of the temperature and purity of the reused substrates.
  • a smelting furnace (1) such as a blast furnace, cupola furnace or similar
  • the furnace (1) initially preheated, is uniformly charged with coke (2), and a mixture (3) of slag (3.1) from lead-acid batteries with flux (3.2), forming the basis for processing;
  • the coke (2) and the mixture (3) are added through the loading mouth (1.1) in alternating layers, creating a controlled environment where the material is uniformly heated through the entry of air into the nozzles (1.2), melting and descending by gravity inside the furnace (1).
  • the temperature in the furnace (1) is strictly maintained between 888°C and 1700°C, since lead boils at 1749°C, and for safety reasons the furnace (1) has a gas scrubber (7) containing a collection duct (7.1), lower opening (7.2), filling with neutralizing chemicals (7.3) and exhaust fan (7.4) to prevent contamination of the factory environment;
  • the metals begin to liquefy according to their melting points.
  • the liquid metals are segregated by differences in density, with the lead (4) and the ferrous alloy (5) being extracted in the lower spout (1.4) and the residual slag (6) begins to liquefy according to the melting points of its constituents and is extracted in the upper spout (1.3) of the furnace (1);
  • the lead (4) and the ferrous alloy (5) are fed into two sequential uneven pans (8) that decant the lead and the evaporated contaminants are directed to the lower opening (7.2) of the gas scrubber (7);
  • the ingots (9) with a lower layer of lead (4) with an upper layer of ferrous alloy (5), after cooling, both are separated by means of longitudinal cuts with a saw (10), so that the longitudinal cuts are made at a safe height to avoid contamination of lead (4) in the ferrous alloy (5) in a proportion greater than that permitted by law;
  • Lead (4) is directed to the lead-acid battery industry or for processing or use in the metallurgical industry;
  • the ferrous alloy (5) with a qualitative composition of iron, tin, copper, zinc, manganese and maximum antimony and lead within the legislation is intended for processing or use in the metal-mechanical industry; and
  • the residual slag flow (6) separated from the upper spout (1.3) is directed to a patio for cooling in the ambient air and can be sent to other industrial sectors, such as cement production, as long as it contains levels of contaminants such as lead (4) within those permitted by law.
  • the separation of iron and lead alloys may occur in the following sequence, according to Figure 2: a.l
  • the furnace (1) initially preheated, is uniformly loaded with coke (2) and a mixture (3) of slag (3.1) from lead-acid batteries with flux (3.2), forming the basis for processing; b.l
  • the coke (2) and the mixture (3) are added through the loading mouth (1.1) in alternating layers, creating a controlled environment where the material is uniformly heated through the entry of air into the nozzles (1.2), melting and descending by gravity inside the furnace (1).
  • the temperature in the furnace (1) is strictly maintained between 888°C and 1700°C, since lead boils at 1749°C, and for safety reasons the furnace (1) has a gas scrubber (7) containing a collection duct (7.1), a lower opening (7.2), a filling with neutralizing chemicals (7.3) and an exhaust fan (7.4), preventing contamination of the factory environment; d.l Inside the furnace (1), the metals begin to liquefy according to their melting points.
  • the liquid metals are segregated by differences in density, with the lead (4) and the ferrous alloy (5) being extracted through the lower spout (1.4) and the residual slag (6) beginning to liquefy according to the melting points of its constituents and being extracted through the upper spout (1.3) of the furnace (1); e.1
  • the liquid flow of lead (4) and ferrous alloy (5) are fed into a channel (11)
  • the evaporated contaminants are directed to the lower opening (7.2) of the gas scrubber (7) and downstream the liquid flow leaves the channel (11) through the opening thereof forming a cascade that receives atomization (12) through a lower jet of water or gases that cool the metals forming iron chips with lead (13); and f.l
  • the flow of residual slag (6) separated from the upper spout (1.3) is directed to a yard for cooling and can be forwarded to other industrial sectors, such as cement production, as long as it contains levels of contaminants such as lead (4) within the levels permitted by legislation.
  • the first batch of granulated slag samples was melted using a blowtorch fed with a mixture of oxygen and acetylene. This mixture was chosen because it produced a flame with a temperature of up to 3,200°C, thus ensuring the fusion of all compounds present in the sample.
  • the sample melted easily under the acetylene and oxygen flame. However, apparently, the bonds of the compounds, or at least of most of the compounds present, were not broken to release the metallic elements. As a result, the molten sample resolidified into fragments, appearing solid in a manner very similar to its initial state.
  • the second batch of granulated sample was melted in an electric arc furnace (EAF) under an argon atmosphere. Since the position of the electric arc in the AEF is manually adjusted, it was difficult to move the arc over the sample, as it dispersed a lot of powder (and possibly gases) during its melting, obscuring the furnace chamber and blackening its entire interior with fine particulate matter, as can be seen in Figure 4.
  • EAF electric arc furnace
  • the powder sample did not react as expected to the electric arc and remained in powder form after the FEA process, in a condition very similar to that upon receipt, as shown in Figure 5. It is even possible that the electric arc dispersed the powder particles throughout the EAF chamber, and a sintering or pelletizing process may be necessary to better work with the powder samples.
  • the granulated sample performed better in the EAF, melting under the action of the electric arc and resolidifying according to the geometry of the cavity in the EAF base, instead of fragmenting during solidification as occurred in the process with the oxyacetylene torch.
  • Figure 6 shows the granulated sample after melting in the EAF, where it can be seen that it has a brighter appearance, very similar to hematite. Furthermore, when sanded with the grinding wheel, the sample presented a very metallic shine. We can state that this process did not result in the formation of metal, as desired, due to the low density of the final compound and its brittleness. As seen in Figure 6, the material is fragmented, and this fracture occurred under very low tension (the sample was flexed manually).
  • the slag (3.1) from lead-acid batteries is a complex material, and the analysis of its thermal and melting behaviors, performed with an acetylene torch and FEA, was essential to understand how the slag would react to different heat sources and how the materials could be separated efficiently. These tests provided valuable information about the temperature required for complete melting of the compounds, the difficulties encountered when trying to melt the sample in different forms (granular and powder), and how to adjust the temperature and melting time variables to optimize the process.
  • the results obtained in the initial laboratory tests can be applied to larger capacity furnaces, such as blast furnaces and cupola furnaces, adapting the process to different industrial equipment, which guarantees the viability of the process on a large scale. Based on these observations, we carried out new tests in a pit-type furnace, simulating the blast furnace or cupola furnace.
  • the process was carried out with a well-type furnace, simulating the supply layers of a cupola furnace, maintaining maximum temperatures between 1,686°C and 1,700°C, respecting this temperature due to the boiling point of lead being 1,749°C.
  • the coking coal reduced the oxides and melted the metals, which, in the liquid phase, flowed between the coke fragments, accumulating at the bottom of the well-type furnace.
  • the flux (3.2) contributed to the removal of impurities to the slag (3.1).
  • Limestone derived from the flux, decomposed into calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) at high temperatures.
  • the CaO then reacted with acidic impurities in the slag (3.1) from the recycling process, such as silica (SiO2), forming the slag with a base composition of calcium silicate CaSiOi.
  • the most suitable process for obtaining metals from the samples provided would be through a cupola furnace (1).
  • This furnace (1) uses coking coal (2) and the granulated, sintered or pelletized samples are placed under the coal, which, when incandescent, provides heat to melt the samples and carbon to reduce the metallic compounds.
  • Table 1 most of the iron, zinc, copper, manganese, tin, antimony and lead can be easily obtained by this process, while other compounds are volatilized or removed together with the residual slag (6).
  • the purifications and separations achieved showed a purity of the recovered lead (4) above 81.0%, and the residual contamination of toxic metals at minimal levels, illustrating the effectiveness of the new methodology.
  • the optimized process not only stands out in terms of technical performance, but also offers a more sustainable and economical approach to the reuse of noble and/or toxic metals.
  • this concentration is higher than the legislation, this residual slag (6) is sent to landfills in reduced volumes, minimizing toxicity and environmental impact.

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Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for continuous or discontinuous reuse of slag (3.1) from lead-acid batteries in a smelting furnace (1), such as a blast furnace, a cupola furnace or the like, maintaining strict control of the temperature and purity of the reused substrates with recovery of iron (5) and lead (4) from slag (3.1) from lead-acid batteries, applicable in the field of metallurgy and steelmaking, specifically in the metalworking industry for recovering iron (5), lead (4) and other metals, by means of reverse recycling, including landfill restoration, allowing a more beneficial destination for this raw material, with the advantages of protecting water and soil resources from leaching and reducing the costs associated with suppling iron (5) and lead (4) for battery recycling.

Description

PROCESSO PARA RECUPERAÇÃO DE FERRO E CHUMBO A PARTIR DE ESCÓRIA DE FORNO DE PRÉ-PROCESSAMENTO DE COMPONENTES DE BATERIAS DE CHUMBO-ÁCIDO PROCESS FOR RECOVERING IRON AND LEAD FROM PRE-PROCESSING FURNACE SLAG OF LEAD-ACID BATTERY COMPONENTS

Campo da invenção Field of invention

A presente patente de invenção refere-se a um processo que pode ser contínuo ou não, em alto- forno, fornos do tipo cubilot ou similares para a recuperação de ferro e chumbo a partir de escória de baterias de chumbo-ácido, aplicável na área da metalurgia e siderurgia, especificamente na indústria metal mecânica para a recuperação de ferro, chumbo e outros metais, com o objetivo de minimizar o descarte desses metais em aterros sanitários através de reciclagem, viabilizando um destino mais nobre para essa matéria prima, com as vantagens da proteção dos recursos hídricos e do solo contra a lixiviação e diminuição dos custos associados ao fornecimento de ferro e chumbo para a reciclagem de baterias. The present invention patent refers to a process that may be continuous or not, in a blast furnace, cupola type furnaces or similar for the recovery of iron and lead from lead-acid battery slag, applicable in the area of metallurgy and steelmaking, specifically in the metalworking industry for the recovery of iron, lead and other metals, with the objective of minimizing the disposal of these metals in landfills through recycling, enabling a more noble destination for this raw material, with the advantages of protecting water resources and soil against leaching and reducing the costs associated with the supply of iron and lead for battery recycling.

Fundamentos da invenção Fundamentals of the invention

Os processos de recuperação de baterias de chumbo-ácido atualmente utilizam forno de pré- processamento de componentes dessas baterias, em sua maioria, geram elevadas concentrações de poluentes e escórias com altas concentrações de impurezas e metais pesados como o chumbo. Ainda, a indústria metalúrgica, siderúrgica e metal mecânica carecem de formas eficazes e sustentáveis para o reaproveitamento mais nobre ou destinação adequada dessas escórias, sendo comumente descartadas em aterros sanitários. Onde, com o passar do tempo, metais como o ferro, chumbo, manganês, zinco, cobre, estanho e antimônio podem sofrer lixiviação causando contaminação do solo e dos sistemas hídricos. Lead-acid battery recovery processes currently use pre-processing furnaces for the components of these batteries, which mostly generate high concentrations of pollutants and slag with high concentrations of impurities and heavy metals such as lead. Furthermore, the metallurgical, steel and metalworking industries lack effective and sustainable ways to reuse or dispose of this slag in a more noble way, and it is commonly discarded in landfills. Over time, metals such as iron, lead, manganese, zinc, copper, tin and antimony can leach out, causing contamination of soil and water systems.

O chumbo é um metal bastante tóxico, capaz de causar doenças e até morte nos organismos vivos. Nos humanos, a exposição prolongada de chumbo pode levar ao acúmulo no organismo, afetando o cérebro, o sistema circulatório, rins, sistema digestivo e reprodutor, além do fato de poder gerar mutações genéticas em gerações futuras. Esse metal se dispersa no ambiente contaminando solo, água e ar, especialmente por práticas inadequadas de descarte e emissões industriais, representando um grande risco à saúde pública e ao meio ambiente, o que demanda rigorosas práticas de gestão de resíduos. Lead is a highly toxic metal that can cause illness and even death in living organisms. In humans, prolonged exposure to lead can lead to accumulation in the body, affecting the brain, circulatory system, kidneys, digestive and reproductive systems, and can also cause genetic mutations in future generations. This metal is dispersed in the environment, contaminating soil, water and air, especially through inadequate disposal practices and industrial emissions, representing a major risk to public health and the environment, which requires rigorous waste management practices.

Muitas abordagens já investigaram processos para a recuperação do chumbo dessa escória e sua destinação mais nobre, como por exemplo, sua aplicação em materiais para construção civil. Entretanto, essas abordagens apresentam diversas limitações e problemas técnicos que são desafiadores para a redução do impacto econômico e ambiental. Many approaches have already investigated processes for recovering lead from this slag and its more noble destination, such as its application in civil construction materials. However, these approaches present several limitations and technical problems that are challenging for reducing the economic and environmental impact.

Dessa maneira, efetuando-se buscas nos bancos de patentes mundiais, e pesquisas de patenteabilidade na Internet, foram encontradas as seguintes revelações: Thus, by searching the world's patent databases and conducting patentability searches on the Internet, the following findings were found:

O objeto da patente coreana KR102412921B1 descreve um processo para a recuperação de chumbo a partir de baterias usadas, utilizando forno rotativo. Tal método envolve o pré -processamento dos componentes das baterias, incluindo a pasta e a grade de chumbo. Em seguida, é adicionada uma mistura de pelo menos 20% em peso total de uma fonte de carbono, uma fonte de ferro, uma fonte de sódio e uma fonte de cálcio ao material de origem do chumbo antes de ser inserida no forno rotativo para fundição. The subject matter of Korean patent KR102412921B1 describes a process for recovering lead from used batteries using a rotary kiln. This method involves pre-processing the battery components, including the lead paste and grid. A mixture of at least 20% by total weight of a carbon source, an iron source, a sodium source and a calcium source is then added to the lead source material before being fed into the rotary kiln for smelting.

Embora a patente coreana apresente uma boa solução para o problema, existem altos custos operacionais associados ao rigoroso padrão de controle de emissões atmosféricas reportado pelos inventores. Além disso, a utilização direta de pelo menos 20% em peso de uma mistura de substratos no processo de fundição pode afetar a qualidade do chumbo recuperado e aumentar o nível de impurezas na escória gerada. Although the Korean patent presents a good solution to the problem, there are high operating costs associated with the strict air emission control standard reported by the inventors. Furthermore, the direct use of at least 20% by weight of a substrate mixture in the smelting process can affect the quality of the recovered lead and increase the level of impurities in the generated slag.

A patente coreana KR101108236B1 apresenta um sistema automatizado para extrair e refinar chumbo de baterias. As etapas realizadas pelo equipamento incluem: extração de ácido residual; moagem; separação e; fundição. Inicialmente, o aparelho remove o ácido da bateria e a tritura em pedaços. A separação dos substratos é realizada por diferença de densidades. A pasta extraída é neutralizada antes de ser fundida juntamente com o chumbo recuperado em um dispositivo que combina as fases de mistura, fusão e refino, no processo automatizado. Korean patent KR101108236B1 presents an automated system for extracting and refining lead from batteries. The steps performed by the equipment include: extraction of residual acid; grinding; separation and; smelting. Initially, the device removes the acid from the battery and grinds it into pieces. The separation of the substrates is carried out by difference in densities. The extracted paste is neutralized before being melted together with the recovered lead in a device that combines the mixing, melting and refining phases, in the automated process.

Mesmo a patente coreana apresentando um bom resultado, o processo ainda se mostra bastante complexo e com várias etapas. Isso pode gerar custos mais elevados de manutenção, devido ao processo ser automatizado. Ainda, a pasta de chumbo neutralizada e outros materiais não são aproveitados, agravando ainda mais o problema de destinação adequada desses resíduos. Even though the Korean patent presents good results, the process is still quite complex and involves several steps. This can generate higher maintenance costs, since the process is automated. Furthermore, the neutralized lead paste and other materials are not used, further aggravating the problem of proper disposal of this waste.

A patente chinesa CN115821054A apresenta um processo de fundição que mistura concentrado de chumbo com ar enriquecido para obter escória oxidada rica em chumbo. Essa escória é então combinada com um agente redutor, resultando em lingotes de chumbo e zinco. O ferro fundido é resfriado para formar uma liga, que, por eletrólise úmida, gera pó de ferro e lama de ânodo com metais raros. Chinese patent CN115821054A describes a smelting process that mixes lead concentrate with enriched air to produce lead-rich oxidized slag. This slag is then combined with a reducing agent, resulting in lead and zinc ingots. The molten iron is cooled to form an alloy, which, through wet electrolysis, produces iron powder and anode slurry with rare metals.

Embora a patente cumpra com o objetivo de reciclagem do chumbo, utiliza a eletrólise úmida, que apresenta várias desvantagens nesse processo, como o elevado gasto de energia, o controle do pH e alta temperatura. Além disso, ocorre a geração de gás cloro, muito mais perigoso à saúde e à atmosfera. Por fim, o desgaste dos eletrodos pode exigir etapas adicionais de tratamento, o que pode aumentar o tempo, custo e eficiência do processo. Although the patent fulfills the objective of recycling lead, it uses wet electrolysis, which has several disadvantages in this process, such as high energy consumption, pH control and high temperature. In addition, chlorine gas is generated, which is much more dangerous to health and the atmosphere. Finally, the wear of the electrodes may require additional treatment steps, which can increase the time, cost and efficiency of the process.

A patente chinesa CN115161489A revela um processo para produzir ligas de chumbo a partir de resíduos de caixas de baterias de chumbo-ácido. Um dos objetivos desta invenção é resolver problemas da contaminação por cobre na liga de chumbo. O processo envolve trituração, moagem e refinamento das grades de bateria, facilitando a fusão e reação com o agente de remoção de cobre, resultando em uma liga de chumbo com baixos níveis de impurezas. Chinese patent CN115161489A discloses a process for producing lead alloys from waste lead-acid battery cases. One of the objectives of this invention is to solve the problem of copper contamination in lead alloy. The process involves crushing, grinding and refining the battery grids, facilitating the fusion and reaction with the copper removal agent, resulting in a lead alloy with low levels of impurities.

Apesar do método descrito na patente chinesa gerar um produto final com baixos teores de impurezas de cobre, o processo utiliza um método de sulfuração para a remoção do mesmo, reação pela qual pode gerar substratos ainda mais tóxicos prejudiciais ao meio ambiente. Although the method described in the Chinese patent generates a final product with low levels of copper impurities, the process uses a sulfuration method to remove it, a reaction that can generate even more toxic substrates that are harmful to the environment.

A patente chinesa CN111778415 A apresenta um método para o preparo de um agente redutor de escória baseado no lodo da produção de baterias. O processo envolve bombeamento do lodo e resíduos do tratamento de águas residuais para um tanque de lodo, onde são agitados e posteriormente prensados em um filtro para formar um lodo de filtro prensa rico em matéria inorgânica. Esse prensado atua como agente redutor recuperando grandes quantidades de chumbo e minimizando a formação de escória. Chinese patent CN111778415 A discloses a method for preparing a slag reducing agent based on battery production sludge. The process involves pumping the sludge and residues from wastewater treatment into a sludge tank, where they are agitated and subsequently pressed in a filter to form a filter press sludge rich in inorganic matter. This sludge acts as a reducing agent, recovering large amounts of lead and minimizing slag formation.

Embora a patente chinesa consiga recuperar grandes quantidades de chumbo, a composição do próprio lodo utilizado no processo de redução pode comprometer a pureza do chumbo recuperado através de contaminações cruzadas, o que adicionaria uma etapa a mais no processo visando uma nova purificação do chumbo obtido. A patente chinesa CN107312946B apresenta um agente de subtração de escória para grades de baterias, composto por CaCCh, carvão vegetal, serragem, bórax e carbonato de sódio O objetivo da aplicação desses componentes é minimizar a oxidação do chumbo líquido, limitando a formação de escória a 2,5 - 2,9%, segregando os substratos e diminuindo a perda de chumbo. Although the Chinese patent can recover large quantities of lead, the composition of the sludge itself used in the reduction process can compromise the purity of the recovered lead through cross-contamination, which would add an additional step in the process aimed at further purifying the lead obtained. Chinese patent CN107312946B presents a slag subtraction agent for battery grids, composed of CaCCh, charcoal, sawdust, borax and sodium carbonate. The purpose of applying these components is to minimize the oxidation of liquid lead, limiting slag formation to 2.5 - 2.9%, segregating the substrates and decreasing lead loss.

O processo descrito na patente parece bastante interessante no primeiro ponto de vista. Entretanto, podem ocorrer a formação de muitos resíduos e partículas sólidas indesejáveis, derivados da queima do carvão vegetal e da serragem, acarretando uma etapa adicional e indesejada de purificação do produto final. The process described in the patent seems quite interesting at first glance. However, many undesirable residues and solid particles may be formed, resulting from the burning of charcoal and sawdust, leading to an additional and undesirable stage of purification of the final product.

A patente chinesa CN113621810 visa fornecer um ingrediente de chumbo e um método de preparação para regenerar e reduzir resíduos de baterias de chumbo-ácido e materiais residuais contendo chumbo, utiliza o próprio forno de pré-processamento de componentes dessas baterias de modo a reduzir o custo de regeneração e redução de resíduos de baterias de chumbo -ácido e materiais residuais contendo chumbo. A escória de retorno se refere à escória de fundo contendo ferro e chumbo que sobrou de fornos de fundição anteriores. Esta solução realiza a reutilização da escória de retorno através da adição de parte da escória de retorno para reduzir o ponto de fusão da escória geral, economizando energia e desempenhando um papel na fabricação de escória e reduzindo a quantidade de limalhas de ferro usadas na fabricação de escória. Ainda, o processo da patente fala em substituição de limalha ou cavaco de ferro por escória de minério de ferro de pirita, ou seja, não se trata somente de escória de chumbo. Chinese patent CN113621810 aims to provide a lead ingredient and preparation method for regenerating and reducing waste lead-acid batteries and lead-containing waste materials, using the battery component pre-processing furnace itself to reduce the cost of regenerating and reducing waste lead-acid batteries and lead-containing waste materials. Return slag refers to the bottom slag containing iron and lead left over from previous smelting furnaces. This solution realizes the reuse of return slag by adding part of the return slag to reduce the melting point of the overall slag, saving energy and playing a role in slag manufacturing and reducing the amount of iron filings used in slag manufacturing. In addition, the patent process mentions replacing iron filings or chips with pyrite iron ore slag, that is, it is not just lead slag.

Trata-se de um aperfeiçoamento no processo de pré -processamento para extrair matérias-primas através de fundição de pasta e grade de baterias residuais em forno onde chumbo é recuperado por separação de escória de ferro, o processo não aproveita toda a escória separada no forno e, portanto, não recupera grande parte de ferro e metais valiosos que continuam sendo descartados nos aterros sanitários, o que não ocorre, diferenciando do processo da presente patente. processo descrito na patente AU1646295 A fornece um método eficaz para a recuperação de metais pesados de resíduos de baterias, com um enfoque na segurança ambiental e na conformidade com as regulamentações. As etapas de lixiviação e oxidação, combinadas com técnicas de decantação e filtração, resultam em resíduos que são significativamente menos tóxicos, permitindo uma disposição mais segura ou mesmo a reciclagem dos materiais tratados. As variações e modificações do processo também são contempladas, permitindo melhorias contínuas na operação em escala industrial. This is an improvement in the pre-processing process for extracting raw materials by melting waste battery paste and grid in a furnace where lead is recovered by separating iron slag. The process does not use all the slag separated in the furnace and therefore does not recover much of the iron and valuable metals that continue to be discarded in landfills, which does not occur, unlike the process of the present patent. The process described in patent AU1646295 A provides an effective method for the recovery of heavy metals from battery waste, with a focus on environmental safety and regulatory compliance. The leaching and oxidation steps, combined with decantation and filtration techniques, result in waste that is significantly less toxic, allowing for safer disposal or even recycling of the treated materials. Variations and modifications of the process are also contemplated, allowing for continuous improvements in industrial-scale operation.

Os resíduos para a recuperação utilizados são: componentes metálicos de bateria mais sucata de chumbo, o forno utilizado é um forno rotativo de tambor curto, e a escória obtida após a fundição é constituída de sulfeto de sódio e ferro que são processados quimicamente por reações ácido -base, que geram sais e água, indesejável no processo por contribuírem com a oxidação dos materiais a serem recuperados, o que não ocorre, diferenciando do processo da presente patente. Ainda, apesar da patente apresentar um processo focado nas regulamentações ambientais, a complexidade e diversas etapas do processo como lixiviação, oxidação, decantação e filtração podem aumentar os custos e a energia gasta no processo, além dos riscos de contaminação envolvidos nessas etapas. The waste used for recovery is: metal battery components plus lead scrap; the furnace used is a short drum rotary furnace; and the slag obtained after smelting consists of sodium and iron sulfide, which are chemically processed by acid-base reactions, which generate salts and water, which are undesirable in the process because they contribute to the oxidation of the materials to be recovered, which does not occur, unlike the process of this patent. Furthermore, although the patent presents a process focused on environmental regulations, the complexity and several stages of the process such as leaching, oxidation, decantation and filtration can increase the costs and energy used in the process, in addition to the risks of contamination involved in these stages.

As anterioridades apresentam as seguintes desvantagens e inconvenientes: não tem aplicação para a reciclagem de escória de chumbo proveniente de fundição de pré -processamento de componentes de baterias de chumbo-ácido; não resolvem os impactos ambientais em todo planeta decorrente de reciclagem de baterias; insegurança para as futuras gerações que poderão pagar o preço alto de lençóis de água e solo totalmente contaminados pelas lixiviações das escórias caso não sejam tomadas medidas drásticas de contenção desta contaminação com metais pesados e; alto custo de matéria prima para os próprios geradores de escória que terão ferro e chumbo reaproveitados, gerando altos custos em ferro para reciclagem de baterias. The above presents the following disadvantages and drawbacks: it has no application for the recycling of lead slag from the casting of pre-processing of components of lead-acid batteries; do not resolve the environmental impacts on the entire planet resulting from battery recycling; insecurity for future generations who may pay the high price of water tables and soil completely contaminated by slag leaching if drastic measures are not taken to contain this contamination with heavy metals; and; high cost of raw materials for the slag generators themselves who will have iron and lead reused, generating high costs in iron for battery recycling.

PROCESSO PARA RECUPERAÇÃO DE FERRO E CHUMBO A PARTIR DE ESCÓRIA DE FORNO DE PRÉ-PROCESSAMENTO DE COMPONENTES DE BATERIAS DE CHUMBO-ÁCIDO, objeto desta patente, visa solucionar as limitações e desvantagens dos métodos atualmente utilizados para reciclagem e recuperação de ferro e chumbo e outros metais, promovendo uma reciclagem mais eficiente e ambientalmente segura dos resíduos metálicos presentes nas escórias de baterias de chumbo -ácido. PROCESS FOR RECOVERING IRON AND LEAD FROM SLAG FROM PRE-PROCESSING FURNACE OF LEAD-ACID BATTERY COMPONENTS, object of this patent, aims to solve the limitations and disadvantages of the methods currently used for recycling and recovering iron and lead and other metals, promoting a more efficient and environmentally safe recycling of the metallic residues present in the slag of lead-acid batteries.

No Brasil, com o aproveitamento desses 8 milhões de kg de escória mensalmente, geramos uma economia em compras de mais de 7 milhões de kg de cavaco de ferro, representando economia aproximada de R$ 10.000.000,00 em compra de cavaco de ferro pelos geradores da escória, e em 232 mil kg de chumbo mensalmente descartados nas escórias em aterros sanitários, representando R$ 2.320.000,00 além de redução nos impactos ambientais para atuais e futuras gerações. In Brazil, by using these 8 million kg of slag monthly, we generate savings in purchases of more than 7 million kg of iron chips, representing savings of approximately R$10,000,000.00 in purchases of iron chips by slag generators, and in 232 thousand kg of lead discarded monthly in slag in landfills, representing R$2,320,000.00 in addition to a reduction in environmental impacts for current and future generations.

No Brasil, anualmente o resíduo de fabricas recicladoras de baterias chumbo ácido é de 8 milhões de kg, que tem custo de aterro sanitário e fretes para destinar até os aterros, custos esses significativos, bem como o passivo ambiental preocupante. Com a aplicação desse método de recuperação do chumbo, ferro e outros metais, proposto por esta patente, reverte-se um ônus ambiental que precisa urgentemente ser solucionado, além de transformar em um retorno financeiro totalizando números acima de R$ 10.000.000,00 por mês aos próprios geradores desse passivo ambiental relevante. In Brazil, the waste from lead-acid battery recycling plants amounts to 8 million kg per year, which involves significant landfill and freight costs to transport to landfills, as well as a worrying environmental liability. By applying this method of recovering lead, iron and other metals, as proposed by this patent, an environmental burden that urgently needs to be resolved is reversed, in addition to transforming it into a financial return totaling over R$10,000,000.00 per month for the generators of this significant environmental liability.

A presente invenção refere-se a um processo inovador de reciclagem de ferro, chumbo e outros elementos provenientes do descarte de escória de chumbo. Este processo é estruturado em etapas que utilizam logística reversa para transformar escória de chumbo ferrosa em principalmente chumbo e ferro reutilizável na reciclagem de baterias de chumbo/ácido. A metodologia proposta visa minimizar a quantidade de metais agressivos ao meio ambiente, reduzindo o descarte em aterros sanitários e oferecendo um método ecologicamente correto para a recuperação de chumbo, contribuindo significativamente para a redução da contaminação ambiental. The present invention relates to an innovative process for recycling iron, lead and other elements from the disposal of lead slag. This process is structured in stages that use reverse logistics to transform ferrous lead slag into mainly lead and iron that can be reused in the recycling of lead/acid batteries. The proposed methodology aims to minimize the amount of environmentally aggressive metals, reducing disposal in landfills and offering an environmentally friendly method for lead recovery, contributing significantly to the reduction of environmental contamination.

As vantagens do processo da presente patente são as seguintes: proteção dos recursos hídricos para as futuras gerações que poderão pagar o preço alto de lençóis de água e solo totalmente contaminados pelas lixiviações; diminuição de custos associados ao fornecimento de ferro e chumbo para a reciclagem de baterias; reciclagem de escória de chumbo proveniente de fundição de pré -processamento de componentes de baterias de chumbo-ácido; reduz o custo de matéria prima para os próprios geradores de escória que terão ferro e chumbo reaproveitados, gerando diminuição dos altos custos em ferro para reciclagem de baterias e metais mais nobres. The advantages of the process of this patent are the following: protection of water resources for future generations who may pay the high price of water tables and soil completely contaminated by leaching; reduction of costs associated with the supply of iron and lead for battery recycling; recycling of lead slag from the smelting of pre-processing of lead-acid battery components; reduction of raw material costs for the slag generators themselves who will have iron and lead reused, generating a reduction in the high costs of iron for recycling batteries and more noble metals.

As anterioridades apresentam os seguintes problemas e insuficiências técnicas que foram resolvidos pelo presente invento mostrados na sequência: A escória de chumbo, proveniente de fornos de pré -processamento de componentes de baterias descartáveis, gera grande impacto ambiental devido ao descarte inadequado pela indústria de reciclagem. Resolvido pela presente patente pela reutilização da escória de chumbo, recuperando o chumbo e a liga ferrosa que são recirculados nos fornos de pré -processamento dos resíduos componentes de baterias, reduzindo a quantidade de resíduos descartados em mais de 80% ; The prior art presents the following problems and technical insufficiencies that were solved by the present invention shown below: Lead slag from pre-processing furnaces for disposable battery components generates a major environmental impact due to inadequate disposal by the recycling industry. This patent solves the problem by reusing lead slag, recovering the lead and ferrous alloy that are recirculated in pre-processing furnaces for battery component waste, reducing the amount of discarded waste by more than 80%;

O ferro fundido contaminado, por conter outros metais nobres, ainda é descartado em aterros sanitários, agravando o passivo ambiental. Resolvido pela presente patente através de um processo secundário que transforma o ferro fundido contaminado em uma liga ferrosa reutilizável, em níveis acima de 95% de ferro concentrado, o qual, pode retomar ao forno de pré -processamento, substituindo os cavacos de ferro, estabelecendo reciclagem circular e uma logística reversa ou ainda para a indústria metal mecânica; Contaminated cast iron, because it contains other noble metals, is still discarded in landfills, worsening the environmental liability. This patent solves this problem through a secondary process that transforms contaminated cast iron into a reusable ferrous alloy, at levels above 95% of concentrated iron, which can be returned to the pre-processing furnace, replacing the iron chips, establishing circular recycling and reverse logistics or even for the metalworking industry;

Concentrações elevadas de chumbo na escória de chumbo, considerado como impureza e aumentando o risco de contato humano ou animal. Resolvido pela presente patente por um processo que resulta em uma liga ferrosa com teor de metais restritos inferior a 0,05%, garantindo segurança para o uso sem risco de contaminação; High concentrations of lead in lead slag, considered as an impurity and increasing the risk of human or animal contact. Solved by this patent by a process that results in a ferrous alloy with a restricted metal content of less than 0.05%, ensuring safety for use without risk of contamination;

A tecnologia revelada na anterioridade da patente CN113621810 não aproveita totalmente a escória de chumbo de fomos de pré-processamento de componentes de baterias descartáveis, sendo atualmente descartados em aterros sanitários. Resolvido pela presente patente pelo reprocessamento total da referida escória obtendo chumbo e liga ferrosa (ferro e metais valiosos) reciclado eliminando o passivo ambiental; e The technology disclosed in the prior art of patent CN113621810 does not fully utilize the lead slag from pre-processing processes of disposable battery components, which are currently discarded in landfills. This patent has resolved the issue by fully reprocessing said slag, obtaining recycled lead and ferrous alloy (iron and valuable metals), eliminating environmental liabilities; and

Considerando o número de fabricantes recicladores de baterias chumbo ácido somente em território brasileiro, bem como suas capacidades produtivas pesquisadas, os atemos sanitários que já receberam escórias de chumbo de baterias estimam-se o volume acima de 8 milhões de kg de escória / mês destinados para aterro sanitário atualmente. Totalizando anualmente números em torno de 100 milhões de kg, isso mostra o tamanho do impacto ambiental que está sendo gerado desenfreadamente, resolvido pela presente patente através ressuscitação dos referidos aterros sanitários atuais, que se tornaram verdadeiras minas de ferro e de chumbo, retirando as escórias ali armazenados e processando pela presente tecnologia eliminando o referido passivo ambiental. Considering the number of manufacturers recycling lead-acid batteries in Brazil alone, as well as their researched production capacities, the sanitary landfills that have already received lead slag from batteries are estimated to have a volume of over 8 million kg of slag/month currently destined for landfills. Totaling around 100 million kg annually, this shows the size of the environmental impact that is being generated uncontrollably, resolved by this patent through the resuscitation of the aforementioned current sanitary landfills, which have become true iron and lead mines, removing the slag stored there and processing it using this technology, eliminating the aforementioned environmental liability.

Breve descrição dos desenhos Brief description of the drawings

Para melhor compreensão da presente patente, são anexadas as seguintes figuras: For a better understanding of this patent, the following figures are attached:

Figura 1 que ilustra a representação esquemática das etapas, substratos, parâmetros e equipamentos envolvidos no processo para reaproveitamento de escória da presente patente - separação por lingotes; Figure 1 illustrating the schematic representation of the steps, substrates, parameters and equipment involved in the process for reusing slag of the present patent - separation by ingots;

Figura 2 que ilustra a representação esquemática das etapas, substratos, parâmetros e equipamentos envolvidos na alternativa no processo para reaproveitamento de escória da presente patente - atomização; Figure 2 illustrates the schematic representation of the steps, substrates, parameters and equipment involved in the alternative process for reusing slag of the present patent - atomization;

Figura 3 que ilustra: (A) Amostra granulada em estado de recebimento; (B) Amostra fundida com maçarico de oxiacetileno e resolidificada; Figura 4 que ilustra: (A) Base do forno elétrico a arco antes da fusão das amostras; (B) Base do forno elétrico a arco depois da fusão das amostras; Figure 3 illustrating: (A) Granulated sample in receiving state; (B) Sample melted with an oxyacetylene torch and resolidified; Figure 4 illustrating: (A) Base of the electric arc furnace before melting the samples; (B) Base of the electric arc furnace after melting the samples;

Figura 5 que ilustra a amostra em pó após ser submetida ao arco voltaico no forno elétrico a arco;Figure 5 illustrating the powder sample after being subjected to the electric arc in the electric arc furnace;

Figura 6 que ilustra a amostra granulada após ser submetida ao arco voltaico no forno elétrico a arco. Figure 6 illustrates the granulated sample after being subjected to the electric arc in the electric arc furnace.

Descrição da invenção Description of the invention

A presente invenção descreve um processo para o reaproveitamento contínuo ou descontínuo da escória (3.1) de baterias de chumbo-ácido em forno (1) de fundição, como alto-forno, forno cubilot ou similares, mantendo um controle rigoroso de temperatura e pureza dos substratos reaproveitados. De acordo com a Figura 1, o processo envolve as seguintes etapas: The present invention describes a process for the continuous or discontinuous reuse of slag (3.1) from lead-acid batteries in a smelting furnace (1), such as a blast furnace, cupola furnace or similar, while maintaining strict control of the temperature and purity of the reused substrates. According to Figure 1, the process involves the following steps:

O forno (1), inicialmente pré-aquecido, é carregado uniformemente com coque (2), e mistura (3) de escória (3.1) de baterias de chumbo-ácido com fundente (3.2), formando a base para o processamento; The furnace (1), initially preheated, is uniformly charged with coke (2), and a mixture (3) of slag (3.1) from lead-acid batteries with flux (3.2), forming the basis for processing;

O coque (2) e a mistura (3) são adicionados através da boca de carga (1.1) em camadas alternadas, criando um ambiente controlado onde o material é uniformemente aquecido através da entrada de ar nos bocais (1.2), fundindo-se e descendo por gravidade no interior do forno (1). The coke (2) and the mixture (3) are added through the loading mouth (1.1) in alternating layers, creating a controlled environment where the material is uniformly heated through the entry of air into the nozzles (1.2), melting and descending by gravity inside the furnace (1).

Para que o chumbo (4) não volatilize e contamine os substratos no processo, a temperatura no forno (1) é rigorosamente mantida entre 888°C e 1700°C, uma vez que o chumbo entra em ebulição a 1749°C, e por segurança o forno (1) possui um lavador de gás (7) contendo duto de captação (7.1), abertura inferior (7.2), recheio com produtos químicos neutralizantes (7.3) e exaustor (7.4) evitando a contaminação do ambiente fabril; To prevent lead (4) from volatilizing and contaminating the substrates during the process, the temperature in the furnace (1) is strictly maintained between 888°C and 1700°C, since lead boils at 1749°C, and for safety reasons the furnace (1) has a gas scrubber (7) containing a collection duct (7.1), lower opening (7.2), filling with neutralizing chemicals (7.3) and exhaust fan (7.4) to prevent contamination of the factory environment;

Dentro do forno (1), os metais começam a liquefazer conforme seus pontos de fusão, nessa etapa os metais líquidos são segregados por diferenças de densidade, sendo o chumbo (4) e a liga ferrosa (5) extraídos na bica inferior (1.4) e a escória residual (6) começa a liquefazer conforme os pontos de fusão de seus constituintes e é extraída na bica superior (1.3) do forno (1); Inside the furnace (1), the metals begin to liquefy according to their melting points. At this stage, the liquid metals are segregated by differences in density, with the lead (4) and the ferrous alloy (5) being extracted in the lower spout (1.4) and the residual slag (6) begins to liquefy according to the melting points of its constituents and is extracted in the upper spout (1.3) of the furnace (1);

O chumbo (4) e a liga ferrosa (5) são alimentados em duas panelas desniveladas sequenciais (8) que decantam o chumbo e os contaminantes evaporados são direcionados para a abertura inferior (7.2) do lavador de gases (7); The lead (4) and the ferrous alloy (5) are fed into two sequential uneven pans (8) that decant the lead and the evaporated contaminants are directed to the lower opening (7.2) of the gas scrubber (7);

Em seguida o fluxo líquido de chumbo (4) e de liga ferrosa (5) são alimentados em lingoteiras (9) para esfriamento ao ar ambiente; Then the liquid flow of lead (4) and ferrous alloy (5) is fed into ingot molds (9) for cooling in the ambient air;

Os lingotes (9) com camada inferior de chumbo (4) com camada superior de liga ferrosa (5), após o resfriamento ambos são separados por meio de cortes longitudinais com serra (10), de modo que os cortes longitudinais são feitos em altura segura para evitar contaminação de chumbo (4) na liga ferrosa (5) em proporção maior que a legislação permite; The ingots (9) with a lower layer of lead (4) with an upper layer of ferrous alloy (5), after cooling, both are separated by means of longitudinal cuts with a saw (10), so that the longitudinal cuts are made at a safe height to avoid contamination of lead (4) in the ferrous alloy (5) in a proportion greater than that permitted by law;

O chumbo (4) é direcionado para a indústria de baterias chumbo -ácido ou para processamento ou uso indústria metalúrgica; Lead (4) is directed to the lead-acid battery industry or for processing or use in the metallurgical industry;

A liga ferrosa (5) com composição qualitativa de ferro, estanho, cobre, zinco, manganês e máximo de antimônio e chumbo dentro da legislação é direcionada para processamento ou uso na indústria metal mecânica; e O fluxo da escória residual (6) separado da bica superior (1.3) é direcionada para um pátio para resfriamento ao ar ambiente e pode ser encaminhada para outros setores industriais, como a produção de cimento, desde que contenha níveis de contaminantes como chumbo (4) dentro dos permitidos pela legislação. The ferrous alloy (5) with a qualitative composition of iron, tin, copper, zinc, manganese and maximum antimony and lead within the legislation is intended for processing or use in the metal-mechanical industry; and The residual slag flow (6) separated from the upper spout (1.3) is directed to a patio for cooling in the ambient air and can be sent to other industrial sectors, such as cement production, as long as it contains levels of contaminants such as lead (4) within those permitted by law.

Em uma alternativa de processo, a separação de liga de ferro e chumbo poderá ocorrer na seguinte sequência, de acordo com a Figura 2: a.l O forno (1), inicialmente pré-aquecido, é carregado uniformemente com coque (2), e mistura (3) de escória (3.1) de baterias de chumbo-ácido com fundente (3.2), formando a base para o processamento; b.l O coque (2) e a mistura (3) são adicionados através da boca de carga (1.1) em camadas alternadas, criando um ambiente controlado onde o material é uniformemente aquecido através da entrada de ar nos bocais (1.2), fundindo-se e descendo por gravidade no interior do forno (1). c.1 Para que o chumbo (4) não volatilize e contamine os substratos no processo, a temperatura no forno (1) é rigorosamente mantida entre 888°C e 1700°C, uma vez que o chumbo entra em ebulição a 1749°C, e por segurança o forno (1) possui um lavador de gás (7) contendo duto de captação (7.1), abertura inferior (7.2), recheio com produtos químicos neutralizantes (7.3) e exaustor (7.4) evitando a contaminação do ambiente fabril; d.l Dentro do forno (1), os metais começam a liquefazer conforme seus pontos de fusão, nessa etapa os metais líquidos são segregados por diferenças de densidade, sendo o chumbo (4) e a liga ferrosa (5) extraídos na bica inferior (1.4) e a escória residual (6) começa a liquefazer conforme os pontos de fusão de seus constituintes e é extraída na bica superior (1.3) do forno (1); e.1 Em seguida o fluxo líquido de chumbo (4) e de liga ferrosa (5) são alimentados em canaleta (11), os contaminantes evaporados são direcionados para a abertura inferior (7.2) do lavador de gás (7) e a jusante o fluxo líquido sai da canaleta (11) através da abertura da mesma formando uma cascata que recebe uma atomização (12) através de jato inferior de água ou de gases que resfriam os metais formando cavacos de ferro com chumbo (13); e f.l O fluxo da escória residual (6) separado da bica superior (1.3) é direcionada para um pátio para resfriamento e pode ser encaminhada para outros setores industriais, como a produção de cimento, desde que contenha níveis de contaminantes como chumbo (4) dentro dos níveis permitidos pela legislação. In an alternative process, the separation of iron and lead alloys may occur in the following sequence, according to Figure 2: a.l The furnace (1), initially preheated, is uniformly loaded with coke (2) and a mixture (3) of slag (3.1) from lead-acid batteries with flux (3.2), forming the basis for processing; b.l The coke (2) and the mixture (3) are added through the loading mouth (1.1) in alternating layers, creating a controlled environment where the material is uniformly heated through the entry of air into the nozzles (1.2), melting and descending by gravity inside the furnace (1). c.1 To prevent lead (4) from volatilizing and contaminating the substrates during the process, the temperature in the furnace (1) is strictly maintained between 888°C and 1700°C, since lead boils at 1749°C, and for safety reasons the furnace (1) has a gas scrubber (7) containing a collection duct (7.1), a lower opening (7.2), a filling with neutralizing chemicals (7.3) and an exhaust fan (7.4), preventing contamination of the factory environment; d.l Inside the furnace (1), the metals begin to liquefy according to their melting points. At this stage, the liquid metals are segregated by differences in density, with the lead (4) and the ferrous alloy (5) being extracted through the lower spout (1.4) and the residual slag (6) beginning to liquefy according to the melting points of its constituents and being extracted through the upper spout (1.3) of the furnace (1); e.1 Then the liquid flow of lead (4) and ferrous alloy (5) are fed into a channel (11), the evaporated contaminants are directed to the lower opening (7.2) of the gas scrubber (7) and downstream the liquid flow leaves the channel (11) through the opening thereof forming a cascade that receives atomization (12) through a lower jet of water or gases that cool the metals forming iron chips with lead (13); and f.l The flow of residual slag (6) separated from the upper spout (1.3) is directed to a yard for cooling and can be forwarded to other industrial sectors, such as cement production, as long as it contains levels of contaminants such as lead (4) within the levels permitted by legislation.

Exemplos de concretização da invenção Examples of embodiment of the invention

Antes de iniciar o processo descrito, foram realizados extensivos testes com amostras de escória (3.1) proveniente de baterias de chumbo-ácido, utilizando maçarico de oxiacetileno de até 3200°C, forno tipo elétrico a arco (FEA), e finalmente forno tipo poço (que simula um forno cubilot ou alto-forno) para determinar os parâmetros ideais de operação. Essas análises incluíram o ajuste das condições de temperatura, tempo de fusão e distribuição dos materiais dentro do forno. Com base nos resultados obtidos, foi possível identificar as melhores práticas para a separação eficiente dos metais presentes, além de otimizar o controle de contaminação. Esses dados também são aplicáveis a fornos de maior capacidade, permitindo a adaptação do processo para diferentes tipos de equipamentos industriais. Através de análises físico-químicas, um exemplo representativo da escória de baterias proveniente de forno de pré -processamento de componentes de baterias de chumbo-ácido, encontramos os seguintes resultados apresentados na Tabela 1 : Before starting the process described, extensive tests were performed on slag samples (3.1) from lead-acid batteries, using an oxyacetylene torch at up to 3200°C, an electric arc furnace (EAF), and finally a pit furnace (which simulates a cupola furnace or blast furnace) to determine the ideal operating parameters. These analyses included adjusting the temperature conditions, melting time, and distribution of materials within the furnace. Based on the results obtained, it was possible to identify the best practices for the efficient separation of the metals present, in addition to optimizing contamination control. These data are also applicable to larger capacity furnaces, allowing the process to be adapted to different types of industrial equipment. Through physical-chemical analysis, a representative example of battery slag from a pre-processing furnace for lead-acid battery components, we found the following results presented in Table 1:

TABELA 1 - COMPOSIÇÃO DA ESCÓRIA

Figure imgf000010_0001
TABLE 1 - SLAG COMPOSITION
Figure imgf000010_0001

O primeiro lote de amostra granulada de escória foi submetido à fusão utilizando um maçarico alimentado com uma mistura de oxigênio e acetileno. Essa mistura foi escolhida por produzir uma chama com temperatura de até 3.200°C, garantindo, assim, a fusão de todos os compostos presentes na amostra. A amostra fundiu-se facilmente sob a chama de acetileno e oxigênio. Entretanto, aparentemente, as ligações dos compostos, ou pelo menos da maioria dos compostos presentes, não foram quebradas para a liberação dos elementos metálicos. Como resultado, a amostra fundida voltou a solidificar em fragmentos, apresentando-se sólida de forma muito similar ao seu estado inicial. The first batch of granulated slag samples was melted using a blowtorch fed with a mixture of oxygen and acetylene. This mixture was chosen because it produced a flame with a temperature of up to 3,200°C, thus ensuring the fusion of all compounds present in the sample. The sample melted easily under the acetylene and oxygen flame. However, apparently, the bonds of the compounds, or at least of most of the compounds present, were not broken to release the metallic elements. As a result, the molten sample resolidified into fragments, appearing solid in a manner very similar to its initial state.

A amostra fundiu-se facilmente sob a chama de acetileno e oxigênio. Entretanto, aparentemente, as ligações dos compostos, ou pelo menos da maioria dos compostos presentes, não foram quebradas para a liberação dos elementos metálicos. Como resultado, a amostra fundida voltou a solidificar em fragmentos, apresentando-se sólida de forma muito similar ao seu estado inicial, como é possível observar na Figura 3. The sample melted easily under the acetylene and oxygen flame. However, apparently, the bonds of the compounds, or at least of most of the compounds present, were not broken to release the metallic elements. As a result, the molten sample solidified again in fragments, appearing solid in a way very similar to its initial state, as can be seen in Figure 3.

O segundo lote de amostra granulada foi fundido em um forno elétrico a arco (FEA) sob uma atmosfera de argônio. Como a posição do arco voltaico no FEA é ajustada manualmente, houve dificuldade em mover o arco sobre a amostra, pois ela dispersou muito pó (e possivelmente gases) durante sua fusão, obscurecendo a câmara do forno e enegrecendo todo o seu interior com particulado fino, conforme pode ser observado na Figura 4. Na base do FEA foram utilizadas as cavidades: 1.1.1 para a amostra em pó (Figura 4 - A) e 2.2.2 para a amostra granulada (Figura 4 - B). The second batch of granulated sample was melted in an electric arc furnace (EAF) under an argon atmosphere. Since the position of the electric arc in the AEF is manually adjusted, it was difficult to move the arc over the sample, as it dispersed a lot of powder (and possibly gases) during its melting, obscuring the furnace chamber and blackening its entire interior with fine particulate matter, as can be seen in Figure 4. At the base of the AEF, the following cavities were used: 1.1.1 for the powder sample (Figure 4 - A) and 2.2.2 for the granulated sample (Figure 4 - B).

A amostra em pó não reagiu como esperado ao arco voltaico e permaneceu em forma de pó após o processo no FEA, em uma condição muito similar à de recebimento, conforme apresentado na Figura 5. É possível, inclusive, que o arco voltaico tenha dispersado as partículas de pó pela câmara do FEA, e talvez seja necessário um processo de sinterização ou pelotização para trabalhar melhor com as amostras em pó. The powder sample did not react as expected to the electric arc and remained in powder form after the FEA process, in a condition very similar to that upon receipt, as shown in Figure 5. It is even possible that the electric arc dispersed the powder particles throughout the EAF chamber, and a sintering or pelletizing process may be necessary to better work with the powder samples.

A amostra granulada teve um desempenho melhor no FEA, fundindo-se sob a ação do arco voltaico e resolidificando conforme a geometria da cavidade da base do FEA, em vez de se fragmentar durante a solidificação como ocorreu no processo com o maçarico de oxiacetileno. A Figura 6 apresenta a amostra granulada após a fusão no FEA, onde é possível observar que ela possui um aspecto mais brilhante, muito semelhante à hematita. Além disso, ao ser lixada no rebolo do esmeril, a amostra apresentou um brilho bem metálico. Podemos afirmar que esse processo não resultou na formação de metal, como era desejado, devido à baixa densidade do composto final e à sua fragilidade. Como visto na Figura 6, o material está fragmentado, e essa fratura ocorreu sob baixíssima tensão (a amostra foi fletida manualmente). The granulated sample performed better in the EAF, melting under the action of the electric arc and resolidifying according to the geometry of the cavity in the EAF base, instead of fragmenting during solidification as occurred in the process with the oxyacetylene torch. Figure 6 shows the granulated sample after melting in the EAF, where it can be seen that it has a brighter appearance, very similar to hematite. Furthermore, when sanded with the grinding wheel, the sample presented a very metallic shine. We can state that this process did not result in the formation of metal, as desired, due to the low density of the final compound and its brittleness. As seen in Figure 6, the material is fragmented, and this fracture occurred under very low tension (the sample was flexed manually).

A escória (3.1) de baterias de chumbo-ácido é um material complexo, e a análise dos comportamentos térmicos e de fusão, realizada com maçarico de acetileno e FEA, foi fundamental para entender como a escória reagiria a diferentes fontes de calor e como os materiais poderiam ser separados de maneira eficiente. Esses testes forneceram informações valiosas sobre a temperatura necessária para a fusão completa dos compostos, as dificuldades encontradas ao tentar fundir a amostra em diferentes formas (granulada e em pó), e como ajustar as variáveis de temperatura e tempo de fusão para otimizar o processo. The slag (3.1) from lead-acid batteries is a complex material, and the analysis of its thermal and melting behaviors, performed with an acetylene torch and FEA, was essential to understand how the slag would react to different heat sources and how the materials could be separated efficiently. These tests provided valuable information about the temperature required for complete melting of the compounds, the difficulties encountered when trying to melt the sample in different forms (granular and powder), and how to adjust the temperature and melting time variables to optimize the process.

Os resultados obtidos nos testes iniciais em laboratório, podem ser aplicados em fornos de maior capacidade, como alto-fornos e fornos cubilot, adaptando o processo para diferentes equipamentos industriais, o que garante a viabilidade do processo em larga escala. Baseado nessas observações, efetuamos novos testes em um forno do tipo poço, simulando o alto-forno ou cubilot. The results obtained in the initial laboratory tests can be applied to larger capacity furnaces, such as blast furnaces and cupola furnaces, adapting the process to different industrial equipment, which guarantees the viability of the process on a large scale. Based on these observations, we carried out new tests in a pit-type furnace, simulating the blast furnace or cupola furnace.

Adaptando o processo para alto-forno, forno cubilot ou similares a partir de um forno do tipo poço. Adapting the process for blast furnace, cupola furnace or similar from a pit type furnace.

O processo foi realizado com o forno do tipo poço, simulando as camadas de abastecimento do forno cubilot, mantendo as temperaturas máximas entre 1.686°C e 1700°C, respeitando essa temperatura devido ao ponto de ebulição do chumbo ser de 1749°C. Nessa faixa de temperatura, o carvão coque reduziu os óxidos e fundiu os metais, que, em fase líquida, fluíram entre os fragmentos de coque acumulando-se no fundo do forno do tipo poço. The process was carried out with a well-type furnace, simulating the supply layers of a cupola furnace, maintaining maximum temperatures between 1,686°C and 1,700°C, respecting this temperature due to the boiling point of lead being 1,749°C. In this temperature range, the coking coal reduced the oxides and melted the metals, which, in the liquid phase, flowed between the coke fragments, accumulating at the bottom of the well-type furnace.

O fundente (3.2) contribuiu para remover as impurezas para a escória (3.1). O calcário, derivado do fundente, se decompôs em óxido de cálcio (CaO) e dióxido de carbono (CO2) em altas temperaturas. O CaO então reagiu com as impurezas ácidas da escória (3.1) do processo de reciclagem, como sílica (SÍO2), formando a escória com uma composição base de silicato de cálcio CaSiOi. The flux (3.2) contributed to the removal of impurities to the slag (3.1). Limestone, derived from the flux, decomposed into calcium oxide (CaO) and carbon dioxide (CO2) at high temperatures. The CaO then reacted with acidic impurities in the slag (3.1) from the recycling process, such as silica (SiO2), forming the slag with a base composition of calcium silicate CaSiOi.

Resumo das reações químicas do processo: Summary of chemical reactions in the process:

Decomposição do calcário fundente: CaCCÇ CaO + CO2 Decomposition of molten limestone: CaCCÇ CaO + CO2

Formação da escória: CaO + SÍO2 CaSiOi Slag formation: CaO + SiO2 CaSiOi

A adição de calcário como fundente (3.2) otimizou a qualidade do ferro fundido produzido, tornando-o mais limpo e livre de impurezas, o que é essencial para melhorar suas propriedades mecânicas. Tanto o metal líquido quanto a escória se acumularam no fundo do forno tipo poço, onde foram separados pela diferença de densidade. Além do próprio chumbo, como resultado desse processo, obteve-se uma boa liga ferrosa, muito rica em carbono (entre 3% e 4% conforme análises realizadas durante o processo). A qual pode ser utilizada para produção de aço em vez de ferro fundido, desde que o metal líquido passe por um conversor. The addition of limestone as a fluxing agent (3.2) optimized the quality of the cast iron produced, making it cleaner and free of impurities, which is essential to improve its mechanical properties. Both the liquid metal and the slag accumulated at the bottom of the shaft-type furnace, where they were separated by the difference in density. In addition to the lead itself, as a result of this process, a good ferrous alloy was obtained, very rich in carbon (between 3% and 4% according to analyses carried out during the process). This can be used to produce steel instead of cast iron, as long as the liquid metal passes through a converter.

Quanto a quantidade de substratos utilizados, os inúmeros testes realizados mostraram que a faixa a ser utilizada de coque (2) era de 8 a 45%; fundente (3.2) foi de 5 a 20%; ambos, em relação a quantidade percentual de escória (3.1) de bateria de chumbo-ácido. Regarding the quantity of substrates used, the numerous tests carried out showed that the range to be used of coke (2) was 8 to 45%; flux (3.2) was 5 to 20%; both, in relation to the percentage quantity of slag (3.1) of lead-acid batteries.

As reações que ocorreram com a escória foram: The reactions that occurred with the slag were:

Fe2C>3 + 3CO — > 2Fe + 3CC>2. Fe2C>3 + 3CO — > 2Fe + 3CC>2.

Para o bom funcionamento do forno (1) cubilot é necessário haver um controle externo efetivo para deduzir certas regras imperativas de operação e controlar alguns fenômenos como: temperatura, ferro fundido líquido, calor de fusão e temperatura de combustão do coque (2), lembrando do ponto de ebulição do chumbo (4), mantendo um ambiente de operação seguro. For the proper functioning of the cupola furnace (1) it is necessary to have effective external control to deduce certain imperative operating rules and control some phenomena such as: temperature, liquid molten iron, heat of fusion and combustion temperature of coke (2), remembering the boiling point of lead (4), maintaining a safe operating environment.

Tendo em vista que cada modelo de alto-forno, forno cubilot, possui diâmetros distintos conforme sua capacidade produtiva, logo faz-se a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento nas granulometrias do coque (2), altura da cama de coque (2), vazão de ar nas ventaneiras (1.2) e uso da injeção de oxigênio e a altura do cadinho se mostraram de grande importância para serem modificados almejando a melhoria do processo. Considering that each model of blast furnace, cupola furnace, has different diameters according to its production capacity, there is therefore a need to improve the coke granulometry (2), height of the coke bed (2), air flow in the tuyeres (1.2) and the use of oxygen injection and the height of the crucible were shown to be of great importance to be modified in order to improve the process.

O processo mais indicado para a obtenção de metais a partir das amostras fornecidas seria por meio de um forno (1) tipo cubilot. Esse forno (1) utiliza carvão coque (2) e as amostras granuladas, sinterizadas ou pelotizadas são colocadas sob o carvão, que, ao incandescer, fornece calor para fundir as amostras e carbono para reduzir os compostos metálicos. Como visto na Tabela 1, a maior parte de ferro, zinco, cobre, manganês, estanho, antimônio e chumbo podem ser obtidos facilmente por esse processo, enquanto outros compostos são volatilizados ou removidos junto com a escória residual (6). Além disso, como dentre os metais citados, apenas a densidade do chumbo não é próxima à densidade do ferro, e ele pode ser removido por corte, pois se concentra na parte inferior do lingote (9), restando uma liga ferrosa (5) com propriedades muito interessantes devido aos elementos de liga que estarão contidos nela. The most suitable process for obtaining metals from the samples provided would be through a cupola furnace (1). This furnace (1) uses coking coal (2) and the granulated, sintered or pelletized samples are placed under the coal, which, when incandescent, provides heat to melt the samples and carbon to reduce the metallic compounds. As seen in Table 1, most of the iron, zinc, copper, manganese, tin, antimony and lead can be easily obtained by this process, while other compounds are volatilized or removed together with the residual slag (6). Furthermore, as among the metals mentioned, only the density of lead is not close to that of iron, and it can be removed by cutting, since it is concentrated in the lower part of the ingot (9), leaving a ferrous alloy (5) with very interesting properties due to the alloying elements that will be contained in it.

Os exemplos apresentados evidenciam a meticulosidade com que os inventores abordaram o desenvolvimento do processo de reciclagem, levando em conta múltiplas variáveis para otimizar cada etapa. A inovação não só maximiza o reaproveitamento de metais valiosos, mas também minimiza a geração de resíduos tóxicos, apresentando uma solução economicamente viável e ambientalmente segura para o gerenciamento de resíduos industriais e a reciclagem de baterias de chumbo/ácido. The examples presented demonstrate the meticulousness with which the inventors approached the development of the recycling process, taking into account multiple variables to optimize each step. The innovation not only maximizes the reuse of valuable metals, but also minimizes the generation of toxic waste, presenting an economically viable and environmentally safe solution for the management of industrial waste and the recycling of lead/acid batteries.

As purificações e separações alcançadas mostraram uma pureza do chumbo (4) recuperado acima de 81,0%, e a contaminação residual de metais tóxicos em níveis mínimos, ilustram a eficácia da nova metodologia. O processo otimizado não apenas se destaca em termos de desempenho técnico, mas também oferece uma abordagem mais sustentável e econômica para o reaproveitamento de metais nobres e/ou tóxicos. The purifications and separations achieved showed a purity of the recovered lead (4) above 81.0%, and the residual contamination of toxic metals at minimal levels, illustrating the effectiveness of the new methodology. The optimized process not only stands out in terms of technical performance, but also offers a more sustainable and economical approach to the reuse of noble and/or toxic metals.

Caso essa concentração seja superior a legislação, essa escória residual (6) é direcionada a aterros sanitários em volumes reduzidos, minimizando a toxicidade e impacto ambiental. If this concentration is higher than the legislation, this residual slag (6) is sent to landfills in reduced volumes, minimizing toxicity and environmental impact.

Claims

REIVINDICAÇÕES 1. PROCESSO PARA RECUPERAÇÃO DE FERRO E CHUMBO A PARTIR DE ESCÓRIA DE FORNO DE PRÉ-PROCESSAMENTO DE COMPONENTES DE BATERIAS DE CHUMBO-ÁCIDO, caracterizado por ser dotado das seguintes etapas: a) O forno (1), inicialmente pré-aquecido, é carregado uniformemente com coque (2), e mistura (3) de escória de baterias de chumbo-ácido (3.1) com fundente (3.2), formando a base para o processamento; b) O coque (2) e a mistura (3) são adicionados através da boca de carga (1.1) em camadas alternadas, criando um ambiente controlado onde o material é uniformemente aquecido através da entrada de ar nos bocais (1.2), fundindo-se e descendo por gravidade no interior do forno (1); c) Para que o chumbo (4) não volatilize e contamine os substratos no processo, a temperatura no forno (1) é rigorosamente mantida entre 888°C e 1700°C, uma vez que o chumbo entra em ebulição a 1749°C, e por segurança o forno (1) possui um lavador de gás (7) contendo duto de captação (7.1), abertura inferior (7.2), recheio com produtos químicos neutralizantes (7.3) e exaustor (7.4) evitando a contaminação do ambiente fabril; d) Dentro do forno (1), os metais começam a liquefazer conforme seus pontos de fusão, nessa etapa os metais líquidos são segregados por diferenças de densidade, sendo o chumbo (4) e a liga ferrosa (5) extraídos na bica inferior (1.4) e a escória residual (6) começa a liquefazer conforme os pontos de fusão de seus constituintes e é extraída na bica superior (1.3) do forno (1); e) O chumbo (4) e a liga ferrosa (5) são alimentados em duas panelas desniveladas sequenciais (8) que decantam o chumbo e os contaminantes evaporados são direcionados para a abertura inferior (7.2) do lavador de gases (7); f) Em seguida o fluxo líquido de chumbo (4) e de liga ferrosa (5) são alimentados em lingoteiras para esfriamento ao ar ambiente; g) Os lingotes (9) com camada inferior de chumbo (4) com camada superior de liga ferrosa (5), após o resfriamento ambos são separados por meio de corte longitudinal com serra (10), de modo que os cortes longitudinais são feitos em altura segura para evitar contaminação de chumbo (4) na liga ferrosa (5) em proporção maior que a legislação permite; e h) O fluxo da escória residual (6) separado da bica superior (1.3) é direcionada para um pátio para resfriamento ao ar ambiente e pode ser encaminhada para outros setores industriais, como a produção de cimento, desde que contenha níveis de contaminantes como chumbo (4) dentro da legislação. 1. PROCESS FOR RECOVERING IRON AND LEAD FROM FURNACE SLAG FOR PRE-PROCESSING LEAD-ACID BATTERY COMPONENTS, characterized by being equipped with the following steps: a) The furnace (1), initially preheated, is uniformly loaded with coke (2), and a mixture (3) of lead-acid battery slag (3.1) with flux (3.2), forming the basis for processing; b) The coke (2) and the mixture (3) are added through the loading mouth (1.1) in alternating layers, creating a controlled environment where the material is uniformly heated through the entry of air into the nozzles (1.2), melting and descending by gravity inside the furnace (1); c) To prevent lead (4) from volatilizing and contaminating the substrates during the process, the temperature in the furnace (1) is strictly maintained between 888°C and 1700°C, since lead boils at 1749°C, and for safety reasons the furnace (1) has a gas scrubber (7) containing a collection duct (7.1), a lower opening (7.2), a filling with neutralizing chemicals (7.3) and an exhaust fan (7.4), preventing contamination of the factory environment; d) Inside the furnace (1), the metals begin to liquefy according to their melting points. At this stage, the liquid metals are segregated by differences in density, with the lead (4) and the ferrous alloy (5) being extracted from the lower spout (1.4) and the residual slag (6) beginning to liquefy according to the melting points of its constituents and being extracted from the upper spout (1.3) of the furnace (1); e) The lead (4) and the ferrous alloy (5) are fed into two sequential uneven pans (8) that decant the lead and the evaporated contaminants are directed to the lower opening (7.2) of the gas scrubber (7); f) Then the liquid flow of lead (4) and ferrous alloy (5) are fed into ingot molds for cooling in ambient air; g) The ingots (9) with a lower layer of lead (4) with an upper layer of ferrous alloy (5), after cooling, both are separated by means of longitudinal cutting with a saw (10), so that the longitudinal cuts are made at a safe height to avoid contamination of lead (4) in the ferrous alloy (5) in a proportion greater than the legislation allows; and h) The residual slag flow (6) separated from the upper spout (1.3) is directed to a patio for cooling in ambient air and can be sent to other industrial sectors, such as cement production, as long as it contains levels of contaminants such as lead (4) within the legislation. 2. PROCESSO PARA RECUPERAÇÃO DE FERRO E CHUMBO A PARTIR DE ESCÓRIA DE FORNO DE PRÉ-PROCESSAMENTO DE COMPONENTES DE BATERIAS DE CHUMBO-ÁCIDO, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado por, alternativamente ser dotado das seguintes etapas: a.l O forno (1), inicialmente pré-aquecido, é carregado uniformemente com coque (2), e mistura (3) de escória de baterias de chumbo-ácido (3.1) com fundente (3.2), formando a base para o processamento; b.l O coque (2) e a mistura (3) são adicionados através da boca de carga (1.1) em camadas alternadas, criando um ambiente controlado onde o material é uniformemente aquecido através da entrada de ar nos bocais (1.2), fundindo-se e descendo por gravidade no interior do forno (1); c.l Para que o chumbo (4) não volatilize e contamine os substratos no processo, a temperatura no forno (1) é rigorosamente mantida entre 888°C e 1700°C, uma vez que o chumbo entra em ebulição a 1749°C, e por segurança o forno (1) possui um lavador de gás (7) contendo duto de captação (7.1), abertura inferior (7.2), recheio com produtos químicos neutralizantes (7.3) e exaustor (7.4) evitando a contaminação do ambiente fabril; d.l Dentro do forno (1), os metais começam a liquefazer conforme seus pontos de fusão, nessa etapa os metais líquidos são segregados por diferenças de densidade, sendo o chumbo (4) e a liga ferrosa (5) extraídos na bica inferior (1.4) e a escória residual (6) começa a liquefazer conforme os pontos de fusão de seus constituintes e é extraída na bica superior (1.3) do forno (1); e.l Em seguida o fluxo líquido de chumbo (4) e de liga ferrosa (5) são alimentados em canaleta (11), os contaminantes evaporados são direcionados para a abertura inferior (7.2) do lavador de gás (7) e a jusante o fluxo líquido sai da canaleta (11) através da abertura da mesma formando uma cascata que recebe uma atomização (12) através de jato inferior de água ou de gases que resfriam os metais formando cavacos de ferro com chumbo (13); e f.l O fluxo da escória residual (6) separado da bica superior (1.3) é direcionada para um pátio para resfriamento e pode ser encaminhada para outros setores industriais, como a produção de cimento, desde que contenha níveis de contaminantes como chumbo (4) dentro da legislação. 2. PROCESS FOR RECOVERING IRON AND LEAD FROM FURNACE SLAG FOR PRE-PROCESSING LEAD-ACID BATTERY COMPONENTS, according to claim 1, characterized in that, alternatively, it is provided with the following steps: al The furnace (1), initially preheated, is uniformly loaded with coke (2), and a mixture (3) of lead-acid battery slag (3.1) with flux (3.2), forming the basis for processing; bl The coke (2) and the mixture (3) are added through the loading mouth (1.1) in alternating layers, creating a controlled environment where the material is uniformly heated through the air intake in the nozzles (1.2), melting and descending by gravity inside the furnace (1); cl To prevent the lead (4) from volatilizing and contaminating the substrates in the process, the temperature in the furnace (1) is strictly maintained between 888°C and 1700°C, since the lead boils at 1749°C, and for safety the furnace (1) has a gas scrubber (7) containing a collection duct (7.1), lower opening (7.2), filling with neutralizing chemicals (7.3) and exhaust fan (7.4) preventing contamination of the factory environment; dl Inside the furnace (1), the metals begin to liquefy according to their melting points. At this stage, the liquid metals are segregated by differences in density, with the lead (4) and the ferrous alloy (5) being extracted from the lower spout (1.4) and the residual slag (6) beginning to liquefy according to the melting points of its constituents and being extracted from the upper spout (1.3) of the furnace (1); el Then the liquid flow of lead (4) and ferrous alloy (5) are fed into a gutter (11), the evaporated contaminants are directed to the lower opening (7.2) of the gas scrubber (7) and downstream the liquid flow leaves the gutter (11) through its opening, forming a cascade that receives atomization (12) through a lower jet of water or gases that cool the metals, forming iron chips with lead (13); and fl The residual slag flow (6) separated from the upper spout (1.3) is directed to a patio for cooling and can be sent to other industrial sectors, such as cement production, as long as it contains levels of contaminants such as lead (4) within the legislation. 3. PROCESSO PARA RECUPERAÇÃO DE FERRO E CHUMBO A PARTIR DE ESCÓRIA DE FORNO DE PRÉ-PROCESSAMENTO DE COMPONENTES DE BATERIAS DE CHUMBO-ÁCIDO, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado pela quantidade de substratos utilizados de coque (2) ser de 8 a 45% e a quantidade de fundente (3.2) ser de 5 a 20%, ambos em relação à quantidade de escória (3.1) de bateria de chumbo-ácido. 3. PROCESS FOR RECOVERING IRON AND LEAD FROM SLAG FROM PRE-PROCESSING FURNACE OF LEAD-ACID BATTERY COMPONENTS, according to claim 1, characterized in that the amount of coke substrates used (2) is 8 to 45% and the amount of flux (3.2) is 5 to 20%, both in relation to the amount of lead-acid battery slag (3.1). 4. PROCESSO PARA RECUPERAÇÃO DE FERRO E CHUMBO A PARTIR DE ESCÓRIA DE FORNO DE PRÉ-PROCESSAMENTO DE COMPONENTES DE BATERIAS DE CHUMBO-ÁCIDO, de acordo com a reivindicação 1 , caracterizado pela obtenção de liga ferrosa (5) com composição qualitativa com ferro, estanho, cobre, zinco, manganês, e máximo de antimônio e chumbo, cujo limite está contido dentro do permitido pela legislação, e quantitativa em carbono entre 3% e 4%. 4. PROCESS FOR RECOVERING IRON AND LEAD FROM SLAG FROM PRE-PROCESSING FURNACE OF LEAD-ACID BATTERY COMPONENTS, according to claim 1, characterized by obtaining a ferrous alloy (5) with a qualitative composition with iron, tin, copper, zinc, manganese, and maximum antimony and lead, the limit of which is contained within that permitted by law, and quantitative in carbon between 3% and 4%. 5. PROCESSO PARA RECUPERAÇÃO DE FERRO E CHUMBO A PARTIR DE ESCÓRIA DE FORNO DE PRÉ-PROCESSAMENTO DE COMPONENTES DE BATERIAS DE CHUMBO-ÁCIDO, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pela obtenção de chumbo (4) com pureza do acima de 81,0%. 5. PROCESS FOR RECOVERING IRON AND LEAD FROM SLAG FROM PRE-PROCESSING FURNACE OF LEAD-ACID BATTERY COMPONENTS, according to claim 1, characterized by obtaining lead (4) with a purity of above 81.0%. 6. PROCESSO PARA RECUPERAÇÃO DE FERRO E CHUMBO A PARTIR DE ESCÓRIA DE FORNO DE PRÉ-PROCESSAMENTO DE COMPONENTES DE BATERIAS DE CHUMBO-ÁCIDO, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado pela obtenção de escória residual (6) com composição qualitativa com CaO, sílica, ferro e chumbo onde o percentual de chumbo (4) está contido dentro do limite da legislação. 6. PROCESS FOR RECOVERING IRON AND LEAD FROM SLAG FROM PRE-PROCESSING FURNACE OF LEAD-ACID BATTERY COMPONENTS, according to claim 1, characterized by obtaining residual slag (6) with qualitative composition with CaO, silica, iron and lead where the percentage of lead (4) is contained within the limit of the legislation. 7. PROCESSO PARA RECUPERAÇÃO DE FERRO E CHUMBO A PARTIR DE ESCÓRIA DE FORNO DE PRÉ-PROCESSAMENTO DE COMPONENTES DE BATERIAS DE CHUMBO-ÁCIDO, de acordo com a reivindicação 1, caracterizado por ressuscitar aterros sanitários com escórias (3.1) de ricas em ferro, chumbo, estanho, cobre e zinco. 7. PROCESS FOR RECOVERING IRON AND LEAD FROM SLAG FROM PRE-PROCESSING FURNACE OF LEAD-ACID BATTERY COMPONENTS, according to claim 1, characterized by resuscitating landfills with slag (3.1) rich in iron, lead, tin, copper and zinc.
PCT/BR2024/050520 2023-11-13 2024-11-13 Method for recovering iron and lead from furnace slag from pre-processing of lead-acid battery components Pending WO2025102139A1 (en)

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