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WO2025193468A1 - Glass article having high knee compressive stress - Google Patents

Glass article having high knee compressive stress

Info

Publication number
WO2025193468A1
WO2025193468A1 PCT/US2025/018294 US2025018294W WO2025193468A1 WO 2025193468 A1 WO2025193468 A1 WO 2025193468A1 US 2025018294 W US2025018294 W US 2025018294W WO 2025193468 A1 WO2025193468 A1 WO 2025193468A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
equal
mpa
glass
less
glass article
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/US2025/018294
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Ryan Claude Andrews
Xiaoju GUO
Kevin Barry Reiman
Rostislav Vatchev Roussev
Wei Sun
Ljerka Ukrainczyk
Xue Wang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Corning Inc
Original Assignee
Corning Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Corning Inc filed Critical Corning Inc
Publication of WO2025193468A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025193468A1/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C21/00—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface
    • C03C21/001—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions
    • C03C21/002—Treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by diffusing ions or metals in the surface in liquid phase, e.g. molten salts, solutions to perform ion-exchange between alkali ions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C3/00—Glass compositions
    • C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
    • C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
    • C03C3/089—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron
    • C03C3/091—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing boron containing aluminium

Definitions

  • a glass article comprising: a lithium aluminosilicate composition; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body of the article having a body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm; a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 180 MPa, or greater than or equal to 185 MPa, or greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa, or greater than or equal to 200 MPa; a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC) that is greater than or equal to 0.17 ⁇ tb; a peak tension (PT) SP24-054 such that a value of PT* ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is less than or equal to 110 MPa ⁇ ⁇ ; a FOM2 value defined by
  • Aspect (b) The glass article of aspect (a) having a 2.5D configuration, and further comprising a transition region around a periphery of the body that terminates at a transition region edge having an edge thickness (te) and has a narrowing thickness from the body to the transition region edge.
  • Aspect (c) The glass article of aspect (a) or (b), wherein the DOC is greater than or equal to 0.18 ⁇ tb, or greater than or equal to 0.19 ⁇ tb, greater than or equal to 0.20 ⁇ tb, or greater than or equal to 0.21 ⁇ tb and/or less than or equal to 0.25 ⁇ tb, [0012] Aspect (d).
  • Aspect (e) The glass article of any one of aspects (a) to (d), wherein the PT is greater than or equal to 92 MPa.
  • Aspect (f) The glass article of any one of aspects (a) to (e), wherein tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.55 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm and PT* ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa ⁇ ⁇ .
  • a peak compressive stress (CSmax) of the spike region is greater than or equal to 500 MPa, or greater than or equal to 550 MPa to less than or equal to 800 MPa, or greater than or equal to 560 MPa, 570 MPa, 580 MPa, 590 MPa, 600 MPa, 610 MPa, 620 MPa, 630 MPa, 640 MPa, 650 MPa, 660 MPa, 670 MPa, 680 MPa, 690 MPa, 700 MPa, 710 MPa, 720 MPa, 730 MPa, 740 MPa, 750 MPa, and/or less than or equal to 760 MPa, 770 MPa, 780 MPa, 790 MPa, 800 MPa.
  • CSmax peak compressive stress
  • Aspect (l). The glass article of any one of aspects (a) to (k), wherein the CSk is less than or equal to 225 MPa, or less than or equal to 245 MPa, or less than or equal to 250 MPa, or less than or equal to 300 MPa.
  • Aspect (m) The glass article of any one of aspects (a) to (l), wherein the lithium aluminosilicate glass comprises: about 50 mol% to about 69 mol% SiO2; about 12.5 mol% to about 25 mol% Al2O3; about 0 mol% to about 8 mol% B2O3; about 0.5 mol% to about 8 mol% Na2O; and about 8 mol% to about 18 mol% Li2O.
  • Aspect (n) The glass article of any one of aspects (a) to (m), wherein a FOM4 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*breadth tension zone (BTZ)*PT) is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.700, or greater than or equal to 0.710, greater than or equal to 0.720, greater than or equal to 0.730, greater than or equal to 0.740, greater than or equal to 0.750, or greater than or equal to 0.760, and/or less than or equal to 1.00.
  • TA tensile area
  • BTZ breadth tension zone
  • a glass article having a 2.5D configuration comprising: a lithium aluminosilicate composition comprising: about 50 mol% to about 69 mol% SiO2; about 12.5 mol% to about 25 mol% Al2O3; about 0 mol% to about 8 mol% B2O3; about 0.5 mol% to about 8 mol% Na2O; and about 8 mol% to about 18 mol% Li2O; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body and a transition region terminating at an edge, the body having a body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, the transition region having a narrowing thickness from the body to a transition region edge having a thickness (te); a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee SP24-054 compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa,
  • Aspect (p) The glass article of aspect (o), wherein the FOM2 is greater than or equal to 0.410, or greater than or equal to 0.410, or greater than or equal to 0.420, or greater than or equal to 0.425, or greater than or equal to 0.430.
  • Aspect (q) The glass article of aspect (o) or (p), wherein the tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.50 millimeters and less than or equal to 0.68 millimeters, and the DOC is greater than or equal to 95 ⁇ m.
  • Aspect (r) Aspect (r).
  • a peak compressive stress (CSmax) of the spike region is greater than or equal to 500 MPa, or greater than or equal to 550 MPa to less than or equal to 800 MPa, or greater than or equal to 560 MPa, 570 MPa, 580 MPa, 590 MPa, 600 MPa, 610 MPa, 620 MPa, 630 MPa, 640 MPa, 650 MPa, 660 MPa, 670 MPa, 680 MPa, 690 MPa, 700 MPa, 710 MPa, 720 MPa, 730 MPa, 740 MPa, 750 MPa, and/or less than or equal to 760 MPa, 770 MPa, 780 MPa, 790 MPa, 800 MPa.
  • CSmax peak compressive stress
  • Aspect (s). The glass article of any one of aspects (o) to (r), wherein the CSk is less than or equal to 225 MPa, less than or equal to 245 MPa, or less than or equal to 250 MPa, or less than or equal to 300 MPa.
  • Aspect (t) The glass article of any one of aspects (o) to (s), wherein for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than 0.72 mm, PT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa; and for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.72 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, PT* ⁇ ⁇ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa ⁇ .
  • a glass article comprising: a lithium aluminosilicate composition; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body of the article having a body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm; a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first SP24-054 surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 180 MPa, or greater than or equal to 185 MPa, or greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa, or greater than or equal to 200 MPa; a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC) that is greater than or equal to 0.17 ⁇ tb; a peak tension (PT) such that a value of PT* ⁇ ⁇ is less than or equal to 110 MPa ⁇ ; a FOM4 value defined by tensile area (TA)
  • Aspect (v) The glass article of aspect (u) having a 2.5D configuration, and further comprising a transition region around a periphery of the body that terminates at a transition region edge having an edge thickness (te) and has a narrowing thickness from the body to the transition region edge.
  • Aspect (w) The glass article of aspect (u) or (v), wherein the DOC is greater than or equal to 0.18 ⁇ tb, or greater than or equal to 0.19 ⁇ tb, greater than or equal to 0.20 ⁇ tb, or greater than or equal to 0.21 ⁇ tb and/or less than or equal to 0.25 ⁇ tb, [0032] Aspect (x).
  • Aspect (u) to (w) The glass article of any one of aspects (u) to (w), wherein a DOLsp of the spike region is in a range of greater than or equal to 3.5 to less than or equal to 8.5 micrometers.
  • Aspect (y) The glass article of any one of aspects (u) to (x), wherein the PT is greater than or equal to 92 MPa.
  • Aspect (z) The glass article of any one of aspects (u) to (y), wherein tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.55 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm and greater than or equal to 76 MPa ⁇ ⁇ .
  • Aspect (aa) Aspect (aa).
  • Aspect (cc) The glass article of any one of aspects (u) to (bb), wherein the FOM4 is greater than or equal to 0.710, greater than or equal to 0.720, greater than or equal to 0.730, greater than or equal to 0.740, greater than or equal to 0.750, or greater than or equal to 0.760.
  • Aspect (dd) The glass article of any one of aspects (u) to (cc), wherein the tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.50 millimeters and less than or equal to 0.68 millimeters, and the DOC is greater than or equal to 95 micrometers.
  • a peak compressive stress (CSmax) of the spike region is greater than or equal to 500 MPa, or greater than or equal to 550 MPa to less than or equal to 800 MPa, or greater than or equal to 560 MPa, 570 MPa, 580 MPa, 590 MPa, 600 MPa, 610 MPa, 620 MPa, 630 MPa, 640 MPa, 650 MPa, 660 MPa, 670 MPa, 680 MPa, 690 MPa, 700 MPa, 710 MPa, 720 MPa, 730 MPa, 740 MPa, 750 MPa, and/or less than or equal to 760 MPa, 770 MPa, 780 MPa, 790 MPa, 800 MPa.
  • CSmax peak compressive stress
  • Aspect (ff). The glass article of any one of aspects (u) to (ee), wherein the CSk is less than or equal to 225 MPa, or less than or equal to 245 MPa, or less than or equal to 250 MPa, or less than or equal to 300 MPa.
  • Aspect (gg) The glass article of any one of aspects (u) to (ee), wherein the CSk is less than or equal to 225 MPa, or less than or equal to 245 MPa, or less than or equal to 250 MPa, or less than or equal to 300 MPa.
  • Aspect (hh) Aspect (hh).
  • a glass article having a 2.5D configuration comprising: a lithium aluminosilicate composition comprising: about 50 mol% to about 69 mol% SiO2; about 12.5 mol% to about 25 mol% Al2O3; about 0 mol% to about 8 mol% B2O3; about 0.5 mol% to about 8 mol% Na2O; and about 8 mol% to about 18 mol% Li2O; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body and a transition region terminating at an edge, the body having a body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, the transition region having a narrowing thickness from the body to a transition region edge having a thickness (te); a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa, or greater than or more
  • Aspect (jj) The glass article of aspect (ii), wherein the FOM4 is greater than or equal to 0.710, greater than or equal to 0.720, greater than or equal to 0.730, greater than or equal to 0.740, greater than or equal to 0.750, or greater than or equal to 0.760.
  • Aspect (kk) The glass article of aspect (ii) or (jj), wherein the tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.50 millimeters and less than or equal to 0.68 millimeters, and the DOC is greater than or equal to 95 ⁇ m.
  • Aspect (ll) Aspect (ll).
  • a peak compressive stress (CSmax) of the spike region is greater than or equal to 500 MPa, or greater than or equal to 550 MPa to less than or equal to 800 MPa, or greater than or equal to 560 MPa, 570 MPa, 580 MPa, 590 MPa, 600 MPa, 610 MPa, 620 MPa, 630 MPa, 640 MPa, 650 MPa, 660 MPa, 670 MPa, 680 MPa, 690 MPa, 700 MPa, 710 MPa, 720 MPa, 730 MPa, 740 MPa, 750 MPa, and/or less than or equal to 760 MPa, 770 MPa, 780 MPa, 790 MPa, 800 MPa.
  • CSmax peak compressive stress
  • Aspect (mm) The glass article of any one of aspects (ii) to (ll), wherein the CSk is less than or equal to 225 MPa, less than or equal to 245 MPa, or less than or equal to 250 MPa, or less than or equal to 300 MPa. [0048] Aspect (nn).
  • PT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa; and for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.72 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, PT* ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa ⁇ ⁇ .
  • a glass article comprising: a lithium aluminosilicate composition; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body of the article having a body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm; a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 180 MPa, or greater than or equal to 185 MPa, or greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa, or greater than or equal to 200 MPa; a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC) that is greater than or equal to 0.17 ⁇ tb; a central tension (CT) such that a value of CT* ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is less than or equal to 110 MPa ⁇ ⁇ ; a FOM1 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*central
  • Aspect (pp) The glass article of aspect (oo) having a 2.5D configuration, and further comprising a transition region around a periphery of the body that terminates at a transition region edge having an edge thickness (te) and has a narrowing thickness from the body to the transition region edge.
  • Aspect (qq) The glass article of aspect (oo) or (pp), wherein the DOC is greater than or equal to 0.18 ⁇ tb, or greater than or equal to 0.19 ⁇ tb, greater than or equal to 0.20 ⁇ tb, or greater than or equal to 0.21 ⁇ tb and/or less than or equal to 0.25 ⁇ tb, [0052] Aspect (rr).
  • a peak compressive stress (CSmax) of the spike region is greater than or equal to 500 MPa, or greater than or equal to 550 MPa to less than or equal to 800 MPa, or greater than or equal to 560 MPa, 570 MPa, 580 MPa, 590 MPa, 600 MPa, 610 MPa, 620 MPa, 630 MPa, 640 MPa, 650 MPa, 660 MPa, 670 MPa, 680 MPa, 690 MPa, 700 MPa, 710 MPa, 720 MPa, 730 MPa, 740 MPa, 750 MPa, and/or less than or equal to 760 MPa, 770 MPa, 780 MPa, 790 MPa, 800 MPa.
  • CSmax peak compressive stress
  • Aspect (zz) The glass article of any one of aspects (oo) to (yy), wherein the CSk is less than or equal to 225 MPa, or less than or equal to 245 MPa, or less than or equal to 250 MPa, or less than or equal to 300 MPa.
  • SP24-054 [0061] Aspect (aaa).
  • the lithium aluminosilicate glass comprises: about 50 mol% to about 69 mol% SiO2; about 12.5 mol% to about 25 mol% Al2O3; about 0 mol% to about 8 mol% B2O3; about 0.5 mol% to about 8 mol% Na2O; and about 8 mol% to about 18 mol% Li2O.
  • a FOM3 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*breadth tension zone (BTZ)*CT) is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.700, or greater than or equal to 0.710, greater than or equal to 0.720, greater than or equal to 0.730, greater than or equal to 0.740, greater than or equal to 0.750, or greater than or equal to 0.760, and/or less than or equal to 1.00.
  • TA tensile area
  • BTZ breadth tension zone
  • a glass article having a 2.5D configuration comprising: a lithium aluminosilicate composition comprising: about 50 mol% to about 69 mol% SiO2; about 12.5 mol% to about 25 mol% Al2O3; about 0 mol% to about 8 mol% B2O3; about 0.5 mol% to about 8 mol% Na2O; and about 8 mol% to about 18 mol% Li2O; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body and a transition region terminating at an edge, the body having a body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, the transition region having a narrowing thickness from the body to a transition region edge having a thickness (te); a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa, or greater than or more
  • Aspect (ddd). The glass article of aspect (ccc), wherein the FOM1 is greater than or equal to 0.410, or greater than or equal to 0.410, or greater than or equal to 0.420, or greater than or equal to 0.425, or greater than or equal to 0.430.
  • Aspect (eee) The glass article of aspect (ccc) or (ddd), wherein the tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.50 millimeters and less than or equal to 0.68 millimeters, and the DOC is greater than or equal to 95 ⁇ m. SP24-054 [0066] Aspect (fff).
  • a peak compressive stress (CSmax) of the spike region is greater than or equal to 500 MPa, or greater than or equal to 550 MPa to less than or equal to 800 MPa, or greater than or equal to 560 MPa, 570 MPa, 580 MPa, 590 MPa, 600 MPa, 610 MPa, 620 MPa, 630 MPa, 640 MPa, 650 MPa, 660 MPa, 670 MPa, 680 MPa, 690 MPa, 700 MPa, 710 MPa, 720 MPa, 730 MPa, 740 MPa, 750 MPa, and/or less than or equal to 760 MPa, 770 MPa, 780 MPa, 790 MPa, 800 MPa.
  • CSmax peak compressive stress
  • Aspect (ggg) The glass article of any one of aspects (ccc) to (fff), wherein the CSk is less than or equal to 225 MPa, less than or equal to 245 MPa, or less than or equal to 250 MPa, or less than or equal to 300 MPa.
  • Aspect (hhh) The glass article of any one of aspects (ccc) to (fff), wherein the CSk is less than or equal to 225 MPa, less than or equal to 245 MPa, or less than or equal to 250 MPa, or less than or equal to 300 MPa.
  • CT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa; and for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.72 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, CT* ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa ⁇ ⁇ .
  • a glass article comprising: a lithium aluminosilicate composition; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body of the article having a body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm; a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 180 MPa, or greater than or equal to 185 MPa, or greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa, or greater than or equal to 200 MPa; a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC) that is greater than or equal to 0.17 ⁇ tb; a central tension (CT) such that a value of CT* ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is less than or equal to 110 MPa ⁇ ⁇ ; a FOM3 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*bread
  • Aspect (jjj) The glass article of aspect (iii) having a 2.5D configuration, and further comprising a transition region around a periphery of the body that terminates at a transition region edge having an edge thickness (te) and has a narrowing thickness from the body to the transition region edge.
  • SP24-054 [0071] Aspect (kkk).
  • t b is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.55 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm and CT* ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa ⁇ ⁇ .
  • Aspect (qqq). The glass article of any one of aspects (iii) to (ppp), wherein the FOM3 is greater than or equal to 0.710, greater than or equal to 0.720, greater than or equal to 0.730, greater than or equal to 0.740, greater than or equal to 0.750, or greater than or equal to 0.760.
  • Aspect (rrr). The glass article of any one of aspects (iii) to (qqq), wherein the tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.50 millimeters and less than or equal to 0.68 millimeters, and the DOC is greater than or equal to 95 micrometers.
  • a peak compressive stress (CSmax) of the spike region is greater than or equal to 500 MPa, or greater than or equal to 550 MPa to less than or equal to 800 MPa, or greater than or equal to 560 MPa, 570 MPa, 580 MPa, 590 MPa, 600 MPa, 610 MPa, 620 SP24-054 MPa, 630 MPa, 640 MPa, 650 MPa, 660 MPa, 670 MPa, 680 MPa, 690 MPa, 700 MPa, 710 MPa, 720 MPa, 730 MPa, 740 MPa, 750 MPa, and/or less than or equal to 760 MPa, 770 MPa, 780 MPa, 790 MPa, 800 MPa.
  • CSmax peak compressive stress
  • Aspect (ttt). The glass article of any one of aspects (iii) to (sss), wherein the CSk is less than or equal to 225 MPa, or less than or equal to 245 MPa, or less than or equal to 250 MPa, or less than or equal to 300 MPa.
  • a FOM1 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*peak tension (CT)) is greater than or equal to 0.400, or greater than or equal to 0.410, or greater than or equal to 0.420, or greater than or equal to 0.425, or greater than or equal to 0.430, and less than or equal to 0.680.
  • a glass article having a 2.5D configuration comprising: a lithium aluminosilicate composition comprising: about 50 mol% to about 69 mol% SiO2; about 12.5 mol% to about 25 mol% Al2O3; about 0 mol% to about 8 mol% B2O3; about 0.5 mol% to about 8 mol% Na2O; and about 8 mol% to about 18 mol% Li2O; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body and a transition region terminating at an edge, the body having a body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, the transition region having a narrowing thickness from the body to a transition region edge having a thickness (te); a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa, or greater than or more
  • Aspect (xxx) The glass article of aspect (www), wherein the FOM3 is greater than or equal to 0.710, greater than or equal to 0.720, greater than or equal to 0.730, greater than or equal to 0.740, greater than or equal to 0.750, or greater than or equal to 0.760.
  • Aspect (yyy) The glass article of aspect (www) or (xxx), wherein the tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.50 millimeters and less than or equal to 0.68 millimeters, and the DOC is greater than or equal to 95 ⁇ m.
  • Aspect (zzz) The glass article of aspect (www), wherein the FOM3 is greater than or equal to 0.710, greater than or equal to 0.720, greater than or equal to 0.730, greater than or equal to 0.740, greater than or equal to 0.750, or greater than or equal to 0.760.
  • Aspect (yyy) The glass article of aspect (www) or (xxx), wherein the tb is in a range
  • a peak compressive stress (CSmax) of the spike region is greater than or equal to 500 MPa, or greater than or equal to 550 MPa to less than or equal to 800 MPa, or greater than or equal to 560 MPa, 570 MPa, 580 MPa, 590 MPa, 600 MPa, 610 MPa, 620 MPa, 630 MPa, 640 MPa, 650 MPa, 660 MPa, 670 MPa, 680 MPa, 690 MPa, 700 MPa, 710 MPa, 720 MPa, 730 MPa, 740 MPa, 750 MPa, and/or less than or equal to 760 MPa, 770 MPa, 780 MPa, 790 MPa, 800 MPa.
  • CSmax peak compressive stress
  • Aspect (aaaa) The glass article of any one of aspects (www) to (zzz), wherein the CSk is less than or equal to 225 MPa, less than or equal to 245 MPa, or less than or equal to 250 MPa, or less than or equal to 300 MPa.
  • a consumer electronic product comprising: a housing having a front surface, a back surface, and side surfaces; electrical components provided at least partially within the housing, the electrical components including at least a controller, a memory, and a display, the display being provided at or adjacent the front surface of the housing; and the glass article of any one or aspects (a) to (bbbb) disposed over the display.
  • a method of making a glass article having a 2.5D configuration comprising a lithium aluminosilicate composition and SP24-054 opposing first and second surfaces defining a body and a transition region terminating at an edge, the body having a body thickness (tb), the transition region having a narrowing thickness from the body to a transition region edge having a thickness (te), the method comprising: exposing a glass substrate having a 2.5D configuration to a single ion exchange (SIOX) bath to achieve a stress profile of the glass article comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 180 MPa, or greater than or equal to 185 MPa, or greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa, or greater than or equal to 200 MPa; a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth
  • a method of making a glass article having a 2.5D configuration comprising a lithium aluminosilicate composition and opposing first and second surfaces defining a body and a transition region terminating at an edge, the body having a body thickness (tb), the transition region having a narrowing thickness from the body to a transition region edge having a thickness (te), the method comprising: exposing a glass substrate having a 2.5D configuration to a single ion exchange (SIOX) bath to achieve a stress profile of the glass article comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 180 MPa, or greater than or equal to 185 MPa, or greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa, or greater than or equal to 200 MPa; a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC), the
  • Aspect (ffff). The method of aspect (dddd) or(eeee), wherein the SIOX bath comprises: a potassium nitrate content in a range of 88-92 weight percent, a sodium nitrate content in a range of 9-11 weight percent, and a lithium nitrate content in a range of 0.3-0.5 weight percent.
  • Aspect (gggg) The method of aspect (dddd) or(eeee), wherein the SIOX bath comprises: a potassium nitrate content in a range of 88-92 weight percent, a sodium nitrate content in a range of 9-11 weight percent, and a lithium nitrate content in a range of 0.3-0.5 weight percent.
  • the SIOX bath comprises: a potassium nitrate content in a range of 88-92 weight percent, a sodium nitrate content in a range of 9-11 weight percent, and a lithium nitrate content in a range of 0.3-0.5 weight percent, with the proviso that the total of the potassium nitrate content, the sodium nitrate content, and the lithium nitrate content is 100 % by weight.
  • FIG. 1 schematically depicts a cross-section of a glass having compressive stress layers on surfaces thereof according to implementations disclosed and described herein;
  • FIG. 2A is a plan view of an exemplary electronic device incorporating any of the glass articles disclosed herein;
  • FIG. 2B is a perspective view of the exemplary electronic device of FIG. 2A;
  • FIG. 3 is an exemplary stress profile across a thickness of a chemically strengthened glass article;
  • FIG.4 schematically depicts a transverse cross-section of a 2.5D glass article according to implementations herein;
  • FIG. 5 is another exemplary stress profile across a thickness of a chemically strengthened glass article;
  • FIG. 6 is a low-noise retardation curve, average of 10 measurements with rotation of the specimen between measurements, obtained from a specimen representing Comparative Example A;
  • FIG. 7 is a graph of a fifth-order polynomial fit (black dash-dotted line) extending over the tension zone and a small portion of the compression regions representing Comparative Example A;
  • FIG. 8 is a graph of residual between the 5th-order polynomial fit of FIG. 7 and the average retardation of FIG.6;
  • FIG. 9 a low-noise retardation curve, average of 10 measurements with rotation of the specimen between measurements, obtained from a specimen representing Example 1; [00107] FIG.
  • FIG. 10 is a graph of a fifth-order polynomial fit (black dash-dotted line) extending over the tension zone and a small portion of the compression regions representing Example 1; SP24-054 [00108]
  • FIG. 11 is a graph of residual between the 5th-order polynomial fit of FIG. 10 and the average retardation of FIG.9;
  • FIG. 12 a low-noise retardation curve, average of 10 measurements with rotation of the specimen between measurements, obtained from a specimen representing Example 2;
  • FIG. 13 is a graph of a fifth-order polynomial fit (black dash-dotted line) extending over the tension zone and a small portion of the compression regions representing Example 2; [00111] FIG.
  • FIG. 14 is a graph of residual between the 5th-order polynomial fit of FIG. 10 and the average retardation of FIG.12; [00112]
  • FIG.15 is an isometric view of an apparatus for introducing damage to a glass specimen having a 2.5D configuration; and [00113]
  • FIG.16 is a top plan view of a portion of an apparatus for introducing damage to a glass specimen having a 2.5D configuration.
  • DETAILED DESCRIPTION [00114]
  • Glass substrates according to one or more implementations can be selected from soda-lime silicate glass, alkali-alumino silicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, and alkali-containing aluminoborosilicate glass.
  • a "base composition” is a chemical make-up of a substrate prior to any ion exchange (IOX) treatment. That is, the base composition is undoped by any ions from IOX.
  • a composition at the center of a glass article that has been IOX treated is typically the same as the base composition when IOX treatment conditions are such that ions supplied for IOX do not diffuse into the center of the substrate.
  • a central composition at the center of the glass article comprises the base composition.
  • the term “about” means that amounts, sizes, formulations, parameters, and other quantities and characteristics are not and need not be exact, but may be approximate and/or larger or smaller, as desired, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding off, measurement error and the like, and other factors known to those of skill in the art.
  • the term “about” is used in describing a value or an end-point of a range, the disclosure should be understood to include the specific value or end-point referred to.
  • a “stress profile” is stress as a function of thickness across a glass article.
  • a compressive stress region extends from a first surface to a depth of compression (DOC) of the article, and is a region where the article is under compressive stress.
  • a central tension region extends from the DOC to include the region where the article is under tensile stress.
  • depth of compression refers to the depth at which the stress within the glass article changes from compressive to tensile stress.
  • the stress crosses from a positive (compressive) stress to a negative (tensile) stress and thus exhibits a stress value of zero.
  • compression is expressed as a negative ( ⁇ 0) stress and tension is expressed as a positive (> 0) stress.
  • CS compressive stress
  • CT central tension
  • Peak tension refers to maximum tension measured, which may or may not be at the center of the article.
  • a glass which includes a glass-based article and/or a specimen body of a glass specimen having a 2.5D configuration, has a thickness t and a first region under compressive stress (e.g., first and second compressive stress layers 120, 122 in FIG.1) extending from the surface to a depth of compression (DOC) of the glass and a second region (e.g., central region 130 in FIG.1) under a tensile SP24-054 stress or central tension (CT) extending from the DOC into the central or interior region of the glass.
  • compressive stress e.g., first and second compressive stress layers 120, 122 in FIG.1
  • CT central tension
  • the compressive stress (CS) has a maximum or peak value, which typically occurs at the surface of the glass (but such need not be the case as the peak may occur at a depth from the surface of the glass), and the CS varies with distance d from the surface according to a function.
  • the first compressive stress layer 120 extends from first surface 110 to a depth d1 and the second compressive stress layer 122 extends from second surface 112 to a depth d2. Together, these segments define a compression region or CS of glass 100.
  • the compressive stress of both compressive stress layers (120, 122 in FIG. 1) is balanced by stored tension in the central region (130) of the glass.
  • FIG.3 An exemplary stress profile of a chemically strengthened glass article is illustrated graphically in FIG.3, across a thickness t defined by a first surface 302 and a second surface 304 opposing the first surface of a glass article 300 of one or more implementations.
  • the thickness t may be about 3 millimeters or less (e.g., in the range from about 0.01 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, from about 0.1 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, from about 0.2 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, from about 0.3 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, from about 0.4 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 2.5 millimeters, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 2 millimeters, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 1.5 millimeters, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 1 millimeter, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.9 millimeter, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.8 millimeter, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.7 millimeter, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.6 millimeter, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.5 millimeter, from about 0.1 millimeter to about 0.5 millimeter, or
  • the stress profile 312 as measured by a scattered light polariscope (SCALP) as is illustrated.
  • the y-axis represents the stress value and the x-axis represents the thickness or depth within the glass article.
  • the exemplary stress profile 312 includes a surface CS 310, a maximum CT 320, and a first DOC 330.
  • the stress profile 312 SP24-054 has a CS layer 317 extending from a surface 302 to the first DOC 330.
  • a second CS layer 317 extends from surface 304 to a second DOC 332.
  • the stress profile 312 also has a CT layer 327 extending between the first DOC 330 and the second DOC 332.
  • a tension area (TA) 334 is area under the curve from 330 to 332 to “0” baseline.
  • a "knee" of a stress profile is a depth of an article where the slope of the stress profile transitions from steep to gradual. See FIG.5, for example. The knee may refer to a transition area over a span of depths where the slope is changing.
  • the knee stress CSk is defined as the value of compressive stress that the deeper portion of the CS profile extrapolates to at the depth of spike (DOLsp). The DOLsp is reported as measured by a surface-stress meter by known methods.
  • FIG.5 shows generally a stress profile of compressive stress versus normalized position showing a spike region, a knee, and a tail region; CSmax, CSk, DOLsp, and DOC.
  • a non-zero metal oxide concentration that varies from the first surface to a depth of layer (DOL) with respect to the metal oxide or that varies along at least a substantial portion of the article thickness (t) indicates that a stress has been generated in the article as a result of ion exchange.
  • the variation in metal oxide concentration may be referred to herein as a metal oxide concentration gradient.
  • the metal oxide that is non-zero in concentration and varies from the first surface to a DOL or along a portion of the thickness may be described as generating a stress in the glass article.
  • the concentration gradient or variation of metal oxides is created by chemically strengthening a glass substrate in which a plurality of first metal ions in the glass substrate is exchanged with a plurality of second metal ions.
  • depth of exchange depth of layer
  • IOX ion exchange process
  • DOL refers to the depth within a glass article (i.e., the distance from a surface of the glass article to its interior region) at which an ion of a metal oxide or alkali metal oxide (e.g., the metal ion or alkali metal ion) diffuses into the glass article where the concentration of the ion reaches a minimum value, as determined by Glow Discharge - Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GD-OES)).
  • the DOL is given as the depth of exchange of the slowest-diffusing or largest ion introduced by an ion exchange (IOX) process.
  • DOL SP24-054 with respect to potassium is the depth at which the potassium content of the glass article reaches the potassium content of the underlying substrate.
  • DOLsp as noted above refers to the depth of the CSk.
  • DOL_Zero is specific to SLP-2000 nomenclature discussed herein, which refers to depth of compression (DOC) and not DOL (e.g. DOLk or DOLsp) as discussed in this paragraph.
  • Measurement Techniques [00130] Unless otherwise specified, CT and CS are expressed herein in megaPascals (MPa), thickness is expressed in millimeters, and DOC and DOL are expressed in microns (micrometers).
  • EVANESCENT PRISM COUPLING [EPC] MEASUREMENTS [00131] For the examples herein, compressive stress (including surface/peak CS, CSmax) and CSk were measured according to U.S. Patent No. 11,703,500 entitled “METHODS OF CHARACTERIZING ION-EXCHANGED CHEMICALLY STRENGTHENED GLASSES CONTAINING LITHIUM,” assigned to Corning Incorporated, Corning NY, which is incorporated here by reference in its entirety. These techniques use an EPC system, for example, a surface stress meter (FSM) commercially available as FSM-6000, manufactured by Orihara Industrial Co., Ltd. (Japan).
  • FSM surface stress meter
  • DOLsp surface/peak stress and spike-DOL
  • the knee-stress CSk was measured using an EPC system such as FSM- 6000, but equipped with a narrowband LED light source at 640nm, such that the critical-angle (TIR) transition for each of the transverse-electric and the transverse- magnetic polarization states was well separated from any fringes, those of guided- modes occurring in the TIR region, and those for leaky modes occurring in the darker, partial-reflection region.
  • TIR critical-angle
  • each of the TE and TM polarization states exhibited one guided mode (1 fringe in the corresponding TIR region) at 640 nm.
  • CSk measurements were also obtained on a NIR FSM-system at 790nm, also in a preferred-measurement window for CSk measurements as defined in U. S. Patent No. 11,703,500, and also exhibiting one fringe in the corresponding TIR region per polarization state, and showed excellent agreement with the CSk measurement results at 640nm.
  • the aspect of critical SP24-054 importance is to choose a wavelength wherein the critical-angle transitions are not disturbed by presence of resonances (fringes) nearby on either side, and that the SOC at that specific preferred measurement wavelength is used in calculating the CSk.
  • the knee stress is given by the direct-CSk expression: [00132]
  • CS also in accordance with U.S. Patent No.
  • the SP24-054 coefficient of 0.9 is between the 1.317 which corresponds to a linear extrapolation to the surface, and the coefficient of 0.75 which corresponds to an inverted half-parabola starting flat at the surface and curving down.
  • the FSM-formula accordingly attempts to provide an approximate estimate for a variety of near-surface profiles where it makes a compromise such that the error is not too large for any of the profiles between the half-parabola and the linear.
  • the issue is, when the spike is very steep and shallow, the error in CS can get to be quite large.
  • the linear approximation for the spike from the surface to the second fringe is more accurate and acceptable.
  • DOLsp values were measured for the examples herein by a surface stress meter (FSM-6000).
  • FSM-6000 surface stress meter
  • the measurement wavelength was 365 nm, where more than 2 and less than 3 fringes in the upper (TM) fringe pattern (spectrum) were present, although it is not required in general that there be less than 3 fringes for a measurement of DOLsp for the purposes of the present invention.
  • TM upper fringe pattern
  • SOC stress optical coefficient
  • SOC in turn is measured according to Procedure C (Glass Disc Method) described in ASTM standard C770-16, entitled “Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress-Optical Coefficient,” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
  • the SOC was measured at 546 nm following said ASTM standard. Then it was determined that the SOC at 365 nm was about 6% higher than the SOC at 546 nm, and the SOC at 640 nm was about 1% lower than the SOC at 546 nm, by comparing the CS profiles of specimens of the glass composition ion-exchanged with potassium and measured at wavelengths spanning the range 365 nm to 640 nm.
  • TA is a depth integral of tensile stress, over the tension zone, and by force-balance substantially equals the area of compressive stress of an article’s two compression regions combined when the in-plane dimensions of the sheet are orders of magnitude larger than the thickness. Profiles with higher TA tend to have higher compressive-stress integral.
  • a tension zone (TZ) is a continuous region of depths through the thickness of a glass sheet where the in-plane stress is tensile.
  • the breadth of the tension zone (BTZ) is the through-thickness extent of the tension zone.
  • the tensile stress in the tension zone is the driver that changes the retardation between its minimum and its maximum, wherein the spatial derivative of the retardation is proportional to the local value of the stress.
  • the so defined total retardation ends up being proportional to the integral of the tensile stress, e.g., to the TA.
  • the thickness SP24-054 of the glass-article specimens was measured with a micrometer with a precision of 1 ⁇ .
  • inventive examples have 11-23% higher CSk than the comparative example, but have DOC reduction of only about 5%. While the difference between the inventive and the comparative examples can be visualized very clearly using RNF- based measurements having high spatial resolution and enhanced with smoothing and force-balancing techniques to improve the stress resolution, it is also possible to measure distinguishing aspects of the inventive stress profiles herein using a non- destructive method to improve characterization, including ease of practice and quality- control.
  • One aspect is that the increase in compressive-stress area of the profiles herein compared to the prior art will tend to increase the tension-stress area through the requirement of force-balance. Increased tension-stress area typically tends to increase the frangibility risk, so the stress profiles herein are of a particular family where the shape of the profile in the tension zone is controlled to allow the increase in CSk and stress area without significantly increasing the tension energy and thus the frangibility risk. Therefore, it is desirable that the shape of the profile in the tension zone conform to the characterizations disclosed herein.
  • SLP scattered-light photoelastic
  • a ratio ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ or alternatively a ratio ⁇ can be measured with significantly reduced sensitivity to calibration error in SLP-2000.
  • TA tension area, or tensile-stress integral
  • t is the thickness
  • PT stands for peak tension
  • BTZ stands for breadth of tension zone.
  • CT is the center tension. In most cases when the profile is symmetric and obtained by ion exchange, CT coincides with PT. In the context of the present disclosure, CT will stand for the tension in the middle of the tension zone, which would normally be the mid-thickness of the specimen, but does not have to exactly coincide with the mid-thickness.
  • CT the tension-zone stress profile
  • the PT is the peak tensile stress in the tension zone, which is not ambivalent to identify. It is very common that CT and PT are the same, but it is not a requirement in general.
  • the present inventors have determined that the noise in the retardation curve, limited by laser-speckle noise in the spatial distribution of optical intensity in the images of the laser beam, is too high to allow precise determination of the essential profile-shape aspects with a single SP24-054 measurement (at least with instruments manufactured by year 2018).
  • the present inventors recommend that 10 measurements of the retardation curve be obtained using SLP- 2000, wherein the glass-plate specimen is rotated slightly between measurements such that each measurement is representative of the stress in the same measurement area, but captures the specimen in a slightly different orientation than any of the other measurements.
  • a different speckle-noise pattern drives a different retardation-noise pattern on the retardation curve.
  • an average retardation curve is obtained, featuring significantly reduced noise than the retardation noise of the individual retardation curves. If measurements are taken without rotating or moving the specimen, then the retardation-noise pattern of the different measurements will tend to be almost identical, and averaging the measurements does not reduce the speckle- limited retardation noise because the average noise pattern is almost identical to the individual-measurement noise pattern.
  • the horizontal axis represents a spatial coordinate along the depth dimension, and is approximately equal to the depth measured from the surface, within the accuracy of identifying the precise location of the specimen surface on the retardation curve (typically comparable to the DOC-precision specification of ⁇ 5 ⁇ ).
  • the vertical axis SP24-054 shows the measured retardation (phase-difference) between the transverse-electric and the transverse-magnetic polarization states, in degrees.
  • the continuous line represents said average retardation of 10 measurements.
  • the two dashed lines, one near the peak of the retardation, another near the trough, represent local 4 th -order polynomial fits to help determine a more precise location of the peak and trough of the retardation with sub-pixel resolution.
  • the location of the peak and the trough were obtained from the positions of the local minimum/local maximum of the corresponding 4 th -order local polynomial fits, evaluated on a dense depth grid with depth spacing of 0.05 microns.
  • the so-obtained x-coordinates, or x-positions of the maximum and the minimum of the retardation represent the locations where stress changes sign, e.g., from compressive stress to tensile stress, or vice-versa. When measured with respect to their nearest surface of the specimen, these locations would represent the corresponding depths of compression (DOCs) relative to said nearest surfaces.
  • DOCs depths of compression
  • the incidence angle of the laser beam inside the specimen is substantially greater than about 80 degrees, then there may be a small deviation between the locations of the peak and trough of the retardation curve, and the locations where stress changes sign, but this is not the case in the examples in the present disclosure because the beam incidence angle inside the specimen is well below 80 degrees for both glass examples in the present disclosure.
  • the beam incidence angle inside the specimen is well below 80 degrees for both glass examples in the present disclosure.
  • effects of slightly different beam bending for transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic waves may lead to the need of more complicated analysis to keep the accuracy of measurement of the stress profile high [Reference: Siim Hodemann et al., “Gradient scattered light method for non-destructive stress profile determination in chemically strengthened glass”, J.
  • the spatial extent between the peak and the trough along the x direction represents the breadth of the tension zone, BTZ.
  • the retardation difference between the peak and the trough is proportional to the integral of the tensile stress in the tension zone.
  • the slope of the retardation curve (without the noise) at any point is proportional to the local stress.
  • the slope at the mid-point between the peak and the trough location is proportional to the CT, while SP24-054 the maximum slope occurring between the locations of the peak and the trough of the retardation is proportional to the PT.
  • retardation average of 10 measurement may have low-enough noise to directly determine the difference between maximum and minimum retardation with a precision adequate for the needed measurements
  • the determination of the slopes needed for the CT and the PT requires approximating the retardation curve with a noise-free retardation model or retardation fit, because numerical differentiation of noise-containing signals tends to drastically diminish the signal-to-noise ratio of the resulting derivative signal.
  • a fifth-order polynomial fit to a preferred sub-region of the retardation curve is applied (FIG.7).
  • the sub-region contains the entire tension zone, and excludes at least the outermost 50 microns on either side of the specimen, as it is well understood that the retardation in the outermost 50 microns is not a straightforwardly accurate representation of a depth integral of the stress profile due to various effects of distortion that are beyond the scope of the present discussion.
  • the focusing condition of the beam, the rate of change of stress with depth, the rate of change of stress slope with depth, and the thickness of the specimen some non-negligible degree of difference is present between the retardation in depth range 50-110 microns and a hypothetical perfect retardation that would have been exactly proportional to the depth integral of stress to a corresponding depth in that range.
  • Fitting the retardation signal at depths significantly smaller than the compression depth does not improve the accuracy with which the fit represents the retardation of the tension region.
  • ensuring an accurate measurement of important aspects of the tension-zone stress profile such as the shape preferably relies on fitting over the tension zone and only a small portion of the SP24-054 compression zone, nearest to the depth of compression.
  • the excluded depth on either side of the specimen is about 98 microns, while the DOC is at least 115 microns.
  • the fitting region extended at least 15 microns into the compression regions.
  • relatively bigger exclusion range is justified when DOC is bigger, which usually happens with thicker glass.
  • the surface of the specimen on the back side where the laser beam exits the specimen should be covered with index-matching oil and with a backing glass sheet, because otherwise a very strong surface scattering would be present originating at the glass-air interface due to the large change in refractive index between glass and air.
  • the fifth-order polynomial fit provides a noise-free representation of the retardation curve in the region of interest.
  • the present inventors use the capital letter R and the Greek symbol interchangeably to represent retardation. It can be recognized by those skilled in the art that the FOM1 through FOM4 would not change if the retardation is expressed as optical-path difference in nm or in number of wavelengths, or as optical-phase difference.
  • the present inventors use the symbol to mean retardation as optical-phase difference measured in degrees or radians, while R can be thought of the more generic representation of retardation, where it can be an optical-phase difference or an effective optical path- length difference.
  • the values of R can be replaced with in the definitions of FOM1 through FOM4,.and the slopes of the retardation can be used as the slopes of R.
  • Two other tension-zone figures of merit are also using the same measurements on the retardation curve, but with normalization to the breadth of the tension zone (BTZ);
  • the fifth-order polynomial fitting is applied with respect to a through-thickness variable that has its origin (zero value) mid-way between the locations of the peak and the trough of the retardation. Due to the retardation curve being mostly anti-symmetric, the 5 th -order polynomial fit would most effectively fit the retardation when it is applied in a region centered between the peak and the trough, e.g., with its origin between the peak and the trough.
  • each of these calibration values was obtained after measuring the SP24-054 calibration specimen 10 times, and obtaining an average of the 10 CS values to represent the calibration measurement value.
  • the present inventors set the stress correction coefficient at 1.04. Furthermore, since the retardation curve was resulting in a relatively symmetric stress profile, the “deep stress correction” was set to the same value as the stress correction. [00162]
  • the center tension of the profile for the following examples was then obtained by performing 10 measurements with slightly different orientations of the specimen, and for each measurement using the 6 th -order polynomial fit provided in the SLP2000 software, restricting the region of fitting to the interior of the specimen, excluding the outermost 70-80 micrometers on either side of the specimen.
  • FIG.4 provides a schematic depiction of a transverse cross-section of a 2.5D glass article 400.
  • the glass article having the 2.5D configuration is a mobile device cover glass.
  • the glass article 400 comprises an article body 416 and a transition region 418.
  • Back corners 402 are at an intersection of a back surface 412 and the transition region 418.
  • the back surface 412 spans between SP24-054 the back corners 402.
  • Edge surfaces 408 span between first corners 404 of the edge surfaces 408 and second corners 406 of the edge surfaces 408, having an edge thickness te.
  • Intersections 414 denote where the article body 416 having a thickness t meets the transition region 418 having a varying thickness from each respective intersection 414 to the back corner 402.
  • the article body 416 spans between the intersections 414 and to the corresponding portions of the opposing back surface 412.
  • the article body 416 has a face surface 410.
  • the edge thickness te of the edge surface 408 is thinner than a thickness tb of the article body 416 spanning from the face surface 410 to the back surface 412.
  • Damage introduction to the edge or transition region may be conducted according to concurrently-filed patent application entitled “MECHANICAL TESTING OF A GLASS SPECIMEN HAVING A 2.5D CONFIGURATION,” assigned to Corning Incorporated, Corning NY, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, followed by retained strength testing, using a 3-point bend test.
  • a glass article having a 2.5D configuration in a precise manner, specific locations of the glass article are identified so that the apparatuses herein can accommodate 2.5D specimens of any size and shape.
  • FIG.4 is annotated accordingly as follows. An x-y axis is provided for reference.
  • the first corner edges 404 are located at position 'b' with respect to the y-axis.
  • the second corner edges 406 are located at position 'c1.b' with respect to the y-axis, and at position 'c1' with respect to the x-axis.
  • the intersections 414 are annotated as 'd' with respect to the x-axis.
  • Location 'c2' is half-way between 'c1' and 'd'.
  • Location A is half-way between 'a' and 'b'.
  • Location B is half-way between 'b' and 'c.1b'.
  • Location C1 is half-way between 'c1' and 'c2', which may be referred to as contact location.
  • C1 is a location of the transition region 418 of the glass specimen 400 that contacts an impact surface of a damage introducing apparatus during use.
  • Location C1 can be in different physical locations depending on glass design, and is consistently defined among different designs in terms of edge surface corners and where the transition region begins SP24-054 relative to the specimen body.
  • Location C2 is half-way between 'd' and 'c2'. C2 could also serve as a location of the transition region 418 of the glass specimen 400 that contacts an impact surface of a damage introducing apparatus during use, namely a contact location, depending on the design and/or information sought.
  • Location D is any location on the face surface 410 of the specimen body 416. Location D is another location, which is outside of the transition region, suitable for damage introduction depending on the design and/or information sought.
  • FIG. 15 is an isometric view of an apparatus 600 for introducing damage to a glass specimen having a 2.5D configuration according to the application entitled “MECHANICAL TESTING OF A GLASS SPECIMEN HAVING A 2.5D CONFIGURATION”.
  • An x-y-z axis is provided for reference.
  • An arm 604 has a first end (not shown) to which a bob 606 is affixed.
  • the bob 606 comprises a holder 620 having a holder face 622, also referred to as a front face.
  • the holder 620 is configured to secure the glass specimen to the arm 604 during use.
  • the arm 604 has an equilibrium position, e.g., when the arm 604 is freely hanging down from the rotary shaft and is at rest, and a release angle ⁇ is greater than zero from the equilibrium position.
  • a rotary shaft 608 is affixed to a post 610.
  • a second end 605b of the arm 604 is attached to the rotary shaft 608 such that the bob 606, and similarly, the holder 620, is pivotable relative to the rotary shaft 608, and that the arm 604 is adjustable relative to the rotary shaft 608.
  • An arm adjuster 624 attaches the arm 604 to the rotary shaft 608, and allows for adjustment to positioning of the arm 604, and likewise to positioning of the holder 620 and the holder face 622, relative to an impact object 612, and in particular, to an impact surface 614.
  • the impact object 612 is attached to an apparatus base 618.
  • the impact object 612 is attached to the apparatus base 618 by way of an impact object mount 616.
  • the impact object 612 is positioned with respect to the holder 620.
  • the impact object 612 comprises the impact surface 614 comprising SP24-054 an angled edge of a triangular prism, the angled edge having an angle 614a.
  • the angled edge is 45°.
  • the impact surface 614 comprises a roughened surface, for example, an abrasive sheet, for example, sandpaper, e.g., 60-grit sandpaper.
  • the arm 604 positions the glass specimen relative to the impact object 612 such that when the holder 620 is released from a position at an angle greater than zero from the equilibrium position, namely the release angle ⁇ , the holder 620 moves toward the impact object 612 at an impact angle ⁇ that is greater than 0°.
  • a contact location of the transition region of the glass specimen contacts the impact surface 614 when the holder 620 reaches the equilibrium position.
  • damage is introduced along the short edge of the glass specimen.
  • the impact object 612 is adjustable on the impact object mount 616 to change positioning of the impact object 612, and in particular, to the impact surface 614, relative to the glass specimen, in particular, to an impact location of the glass specimen.
  • the impact object mount 616 comprises a transverse position slot 630 and a longitudinal position slot 632, which facilitate adjustment to location of the impact surface 614.
  • the impact object mount 616 is adjustable on the apparatus base 618 to change positioning of the impact object 612, and in particular, to the impact surface 614, relative to the equilibrium position and likewise to the release angle of the holder 620.
  • the impact object mount 616 comprises one or more transverse channels 634 and one or more longitudinal channels 636.
  • a first mount position adjuster 626 is movable in one of the transverse channels 634 to secure the impact object mount 616 in a desired position transverse to the apparatus base 618.
  • a second mount position adjuster 628 is movable in one of the longitudinal channels 636 to secure the impact object mount 616 in a desired position longitudinal to the apparatus base 618.
  • Longitudinal bores 638 also are available for positioning the impact object mount 616 on the apparatus base 618.
  • FIG. 16 provided is a top plan view of a portion 801 of an apparatus for introducing damage to a glass specimen having a 2.5D configuration and analogous to FIG.15.
  • a specimen holder 820 is attached to an arm 804 at a first end opposite a second end 805b of the arm 804.
  • the holder 820 has a holder face 822, also referred to as a front face.
  • a rotary shaft 808 is affixed to a post 810.
  • the second end 805b of the arm 804 is attached to the rotary shaft 808 such that the holder 820 is pivotable relative to the rotary shaft 808, and that the arm 804 is adjustable relative to the rotary shaft 808.
  • An arm adjuster 824 attaches the arm 804 to the rotary shaft 808, and allows for adjustment to positioning of the arm 804, and likewise to positioning of the holder 820 and the holder face 822, relative to an impact object 812, and in particular, to an impact surface 814.
  • the impact object 812 is attached to an apparatus base 818. In this implementation, the impact object 812 is attached to the apparatus base 818 by way of an impact object mount 816.
  • the impact object 812 is positioned with respect to the holder 820.
  • the impact object 812 comprises the impact surface 814 comprising an angled edge of a triangular prism.
  • the arm 804 positions the glass specimen relative to the impact object 812 such that when the holder 820 is released from a position at an angle greater than zero from the equilibrium position, namely the release angle ⁇ , the holder 820 moves toward the impact object 812 at an impact angle ⁇ that is greater than 0°.
  • a location of the transition region of the glass specimen contacts the impact surface 814.
  • the impact angle ⁇ is defined as the angle between the impact surface 814 and the holder face 822, which is in the absence of the glass specimen.
  • the impact angle ⁇ corresponds to the angle between the impact surface and a face surface of the specimen body, when the specimen is present.
  • the front face of the holder, or holder face, 822 is off-set from the rotary shaft 808 at a first off-set angle ⁇ .
  • the first off-set angle ⁇ is defined as the angle between an edge surface 808e of the rotary shaft 808 and the holder face 822, which is in the absence of the glass specimen.
  • an edge of the impact object 812e is off-set from a perpendicular of the rotary shaft 808 at a second off-set angle ⁇ .
  • the second off-set angle ⁇ is SP24-054 defined as the angle between a perpendicular of an edge surface 808e of the rotary shaft 808 and an edge surface of the impact object 812e that is perpendicular to the impact surface 814.
  • the impact angle ⁇ of the apparatus is a difference between a first off-set angle ⁇ of the front face of the holder relative to the rotary shaft and a second off-set angle ⁇ of an edge of the impact object perpendicular to the impact surface relative to the rotary shaft.
  • Implementations herein include glass articles having high-CSk stress profiles and advantageous strength benefit when the gain in integrated compressive stress at small and intermediate depths (up to about 100 ⁇ ) significantly outweighs the reduction in integrated compressive stress at very large depths (such as above 100 ⁇ ).
  • Implementations herein include glass articles having: a lithium aluminosilicate composition; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body of the article having a body thickness (tb); a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk); a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC); a central tension (CT); and one or more features representing benefits related to gains in integrated compressive stress, including but not limited to various figures of merit as defined herein: FOM1, FOM2, FOM3, and FOM4. [00180] Reference will now be made in detail to lithium aluminosilicate glasses and scratch resistance according to various implementations.
  • Alkali aluminosilicate glasses have good ion exchangeability, and chemical strengthening processes have been used to achieve high strength and high toughness properties in alkali aluminosilicate glasses.
  • Sodium aluminosilicate glasses are highly ion exchangeable glasses with high glass formability and quality.
  • Lithium aluminosilicate glasses are highly ion exchangeable glasses with high glass quality.
  • the substitution of Al2O3 into the silicate glass network increases the inter-diffusivity of monovalent cations during ion exchange.
  • a molten salt bath e.g., KNO3 or NaNO3
  • the stress profiles achieved through chemical strengthening may have a variety of shapes that increase the drop performance, strength, toughness, and other attributes of the glass articles as well as improved scratch resistance.
  • lithium aluminosilicate glasses with good physical properties, chemical durability, and ion exchangeability have drawn attention for use as cover glass.
  • CT central tension
  • DOC depth of compression
  • CS high compressive stress
  • the stress profiles described herein provide increased fracture resistance for lithium containing glass articles.
  • the concentration of constituent components e.g., SiO2, Al2O3, Li2O, and the like
  • mol% mole percent
  • any of the variously recited ranges of one component may be individually combined with any of the variously recited ranges for any other component.
  • an alkali metal oxide having a non-zero concentration that varies from one or both of first and second surfaces to a depth of layer (DOL) with respect to the metal oxide.
  • DOL depth of layer
  • a stress profile is generated due to the non-zero concentration of the metal oxide(s) that varies from the first surface.
  • the non-zero concentration may vary along a portion of the article thickness.
  • the concentration of the alkali metal oxide is non-zero and varies, both along a thickness range from about 0•t to about 0.3•t.
  • the concentration of the alkali metal oxide is non-zero and varies along a thickness range from about 0•t to about 0.35•t, from about 0•t to about 0.4•t, from about 0•t to about 0.45•t, from about 0•t to about 0.48•t, or from about 0•t to about 0.50•t.
  • the variation in concentration may be continuous along the above-referenced thickness ranges.
  • Variation in concentration may include a change in metal oxide concentration of about 0.2 mol % or more along a thickness segment of about 100 micrometers.
  • the change in metal oxide concentration may be about 0.3 mol % or more, about 0.4 mol % or more, or about 0.5 mol % or more along a thickness segment of about 100 micrometers. This change may be measured by known methods in the art including microprobe. SP24-054 [00184] In some implementations, the variation in concentration may be continuous along thickness segments in the range from about 10 micrometers to about 30 micrometers. In some implementations, the concentration of the alkali metal oxide decreases from the first surface to a value between the first surface and the second surface and increases from the value to the second surface. [00185] The concentration of alkali metal oxide may include more than one metal oxide (e.g., a combination of Na2O and K2O).
  • the concentration of ions having a larger radius is greater than the concentration of ions having a smaller radius at shallow depths, while at deeper depths, the concentration of ions having a smaller radius is greater than the concentration of ions having larger radius.
  • the alkali metal oxide concentration gradient extends through a substantial portion of the thickness t of the article.
  • the concentration of the metal oxide may be about 0.5 mol% or greater (e.g., about 1 mol% or greater) along the entire thickness of the first and/or second section, and is greatest at a first surface and/or a second surface 0•t and decreases substantially constantly to a value between the first and second surfaces. At that value, the concentration of the metal oxide is the least along the entire thickness t; however the concentration is also non-zero at that point. In other words, the non- zero concentration of that particular metal oxide extends along a substantial portion of the thickness t (as described herein) or the entire thickness t.
  • the total concentration of the particular metal oxide in the glass article may be in the range from about 1 mol% to about 20 mol%.
  • the concentration of the alkali metal oxide may be determined from a baseline amount of the metal oxide in the glass substrate ion exchanged to form the glass article.
  • the glass articles comprise: a body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.25 mm to less than or equal to 1.0 mm, and all values and subranges therebetween, including: greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.75 mm, and greater than or equal to 0.55 mm to less than or SP24-054 equal to 0.8 mm; greater than or equal to 0.25 mm, greater than or equal to 0.3 mm, greater than or equal to 0.35 mm, greater than or equal to 0.4 mm, greater than or equal to 0.45 mm, or greater than or equal to 0.49 mm, and/or less than or equal to 0.64 mm, less than or equal to 0.67 mm, less than or equal to 0.70 mm, less than or equal to 0.75 mm, less than or equal to
  • the glass articles comprise: a breadth of tension zone (BTZ)/body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.56 to less than or equal to 0.7, and all values and subranges therebetween, including: greater than or equal to 0.564, greater than or equal to 0.57, or greater than or equal to 0.58, and/or less than or equal to 0.7, less than or equal to 0.68, less than or equal to 0.66, less than or equal to 0.64, less than or equal to 0.62, or less than or equal to 0.6.
  • BTZ breadth of tension zone
  • tb body thickness
  • the glass articles comprise a depth of compression (DOC) that is greater than or equal to 0.17 ⁇ tb, or greater than or equal to 0.18 ⁇ tb, greater than or equal to 0.19 ⁇ tb, greater than or equal to 0.20 ⁇ tb, greater than or equal to 0.21 ⁇ tb and/or less than or equal to 0.25 ⁇ tb.
  • DOC depth of compression
  • the glass articles comprise: a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 180 MPa, including greater than or equal to 185 MPa, greater than or equal to 190 MPa, greater than or equal to 195 MPa, greater than or equal to 200 MPa and/or less than or equal to 225 MPa, less than or equal to 245 MPa, less than or equal to 250 MPa, less than or equal to 300 MPa.
  • CSk knee compressive stress
  • the glass article comprises: a spike depth of layer (DOLsp) that is greater than or equal to 3.5 micrometers, greater than or equal to 4.0 micrometers, greater than or equal to 4.2 micrometers, greater than or equal to 4.5 micrometers; and/or less than or equal to 4.9 micrometers, less than or equal to 5.0 micrometers, less than or equal to 6 micrometers, less than or equal to 7 micrometers, less than or equal to 8 micrometers, including all values and subranges therebetween.
  • DOLsp spike depth of layer
  • the glass article comprises: a depth of compression (DOC) that is greater than or equal to 95 micrometers, greater than or equal to 100 micrometers, greater than or equal to 115 micrometers, greater than or SP24-054 equal to 120 micrometers, including all values and subranges therebetween.
  • DOC depth of compression
  • the DOC is greater than or equal to 95 micrometers, greater than or equal to 100 micrometers, greater than or equal to 115 micrometers, greater than or equal to 120 micrometers, including all values and subranges therebetween.
  • the glass article comprises: a peak compressive stress (CSmax) that is greater than or equal to 500 MPa, greater than or equal to 550 MPa, greater than or equal to 600 MPa, greater than or equal to 650 MPa, greater than or equal to 700 MPa, greater than or equal to 750 MPa, and/or less than or equal to 760 MPa, less than or equal to 770 MPa, less than or equal to 780 MPa, less than or equal to 790 MPa, greater than or equal to 800 MPa, including all values and subranges therebetween.
  • CSmax peak compressive stress
  • the glass article comprises: a FOM1 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*central tension (CT)) of greater than or equal to 0.400 to less than or equal to 0.680, including all values and subranges therebetween, including greater than or equal to 0.410, greater than or equal to 0.420, greater than or equal to 0.425, or greater than or equal to 0.430.
  • FOM1 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*central tension (CT)) of greater than or equal to 0.400 to less than or equal to 0.680, including all values and subranges therebetween, including greater than or equal to 0.410, greater than or equal to 0.420, greater than or equal to 0.425, or greater than or equal to 0.430.
  • the glass article comprises: a FOM2 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(t b *peak tension (PT)) of greater than or equal to 0.400 to less than or equal to 0.680, including all values and subranges therebetween, including greater than or equal to 0.410, greater than or equal to 0.420, greater than or equal to 0.425, or greater than or equal to 0.430.
  • TA tensile area
  • PT peak tension
  • the glass article comprises: a FOM3 value defined by defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*breadth tension zone (BTZ)*CT) of greater than or equal to 0.700 to less than 1.00, including all values and subranges therebetween, including greater than or equal to 0.710, greater than or equal to 0.720, greater than or equal to 0.730, greater than or equal to 0.740, greater than or equal to 0.750, or greater than or equal to 0.760.
  • TA tensile area
  • BTZ breadth tension zone
  • the glass article comprises: a FOM4 value defined by defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*breadth tension zone (BTZ)*PT) of greater SP24-054 than or equal to 0.700 to less than 1.00, including all values and subranges therebetween, including greater than or equal to 0.710, greater than or equal to 0.720, greater than or equal to 0.730, greater than or equal to 0.740, greater than or equal to 0.750, or greater than or equal to 0.760.
  • TA tensile area
  • BTZ breadth tension zone
  • the glass article comprises: a peak tension (PT) such that a value of PT* ⁇ ⁇ is less than or equal to 110 MPa ⁇ , including less than or equal to 100 MPa ⁇ , including less than or equal to 95 MPa ⁇ , and/or greater than or equal to 71 MPa ⁇ ⁇ , greater than or equal to 76 MPa ⁇ ⁇ , or greater than or equal to 80 MPa ⁇ .
  • PT peak tension
  • the glass article comprises: a peak tension (PT) that is greater than or equal to 90 MPa, greater than or equal to 92 MPa, or greater than or equal to 100, or greater than or equal to 110 MPa.
  • PT* ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa ⁇ ⁇ , or greater than or equal to 76.5 MPa ⁇ ⁇ , or greater than or equal to 77 MPa ⁇ .
  • a lower limit for PT is: 103 MPa for 0.55 mm tb, 99 MPa for 0.60 mm tb, 95 MPa for 0.65 mm tb, 91.4 MPa for 0.70 mm tb, 88.3 for 0.75 mm tb, and 85.5 MPa for 0.8mm tb.
  • PT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa and/or CT* ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ that is greater than or equal to 71 MPa ⁇ ⁇ .
  • PT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa; and for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.72 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, PT* ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the glass article comprises: a central tension (CT) such that a value of CT* ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is less than or equal to 110 MPa ⁇ ⁇ , including less than or equal to 100 MPa ⁇ ⁇ , including less than or equal to 95 MPa ⁇ ⁇ , and/or SP24-054 greater than or equal to 71 MPa ⁇ ⁇ , greater than or equal to 76 MPa ⁇ ⁇ , or greater than or equal to 80 MPa ⁇ ⁇ .
  • CT central tension
  • the glass article comprises: a central tension (CT) that is greater than or equal to 90 MPa, greater than or equal to 92 MPa, or greater than or equal to 100, or greater than or equal to 110 MPa.
  • a lower limit for CT is: 103 MPa for 0.55 mm tb, 99 MPa for 0.60 mm tb, 95 MPa for 0.65 mm tb, 91.4 MPa for 0.70 mm tb, 88.3 for 0.75 mm tb, and 85.5 MPa for 0.8mm tb.
  • CT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa and/or CT* ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ that is greater than or equal to 71 MPa ⁇ ⁇ .
  • CT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa; and for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.72 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, CT* ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa ⁇ ⁇ .
  • Glass Substrates examples of glasses that may be used as substrates may include alkali- alumino silicate glass compositions or alkali-containing aluminoborosilicate glass compositions, though other glass compositions are contemplated.
  • Specific examples of glass substrates that may be used include but are not limited to an alkali-alumino silicate glass, an alkali-containing borosilicate glass, an alkali-alumino borosilicate glass, an alkali-containing lithium alumino silicate glass, or an alkali-containing phosphate glass.
  • the glass substrates have base compositions that may be characterized as ion exchangeable.
  • glass substrates may include a lithium- containing aluminosilicate.
  • the glass substrates may be formed from any composition capable of forming the stress profiles.
  • the glass substrates may be formed from the glass compositions described in U.S. Application No.16/202,691 titled “Glasses with Low Excess Modifier Content,” filed November 28, 2018, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the glass articles may be formed from the glass compositions described in U.S. Application No. 16/202,767 titled “Ion-Exchangeable Mixed Alkali Aluminosilicate Glasses,” filed November 28, 2018, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference.
  • the glass substrates may be characterized by the manner in which it may be formed.
  • the glass substrates may be characterized as float-formable (i.e., formed by a float process), down-drawable and, in particular, fusion-formable or slot-drawable (i.e., formed by a down draw process such as a fusion draw process or a slot draw process).
  • the glass substrates may be roll formed.
  • Some implementations of the glass substrates described herein may be formed by a down-draw process. Down-draw processes produce glass substrates having a uniform thickness that possess relatively pristine surfaces. Because the average flexural strength of the glass article is controlled by the amount and size of surface flaws, a pristine surface that has had minimal contact has a higher initial strength. In addition, down drawn glass articles have a very flat, smooth surface that can be used in its final application without costly grinding and polishing. [00214] Some implementations of the glass substrates may be described as fusion- formable (i.e., formable using a fusion draw process). The fusion process uses a drawing tank that has a channel for accepting molten glass raw material.
  • the channel has weirs that are open at the top along the length of the channel on both sides of the channel.
  • the molten glass overflows the weirs. Due to gravity, the molten glass flows down the outside surfaces of the drawing SP24-054 tank as two flowing glass films. These outside surfaces of the drawing tank extend down and inwardly so that they join at an edge below the drawing tank. The two flowing glass films join at this edge to fuse and form a single flowing glass article.
  • the fusion draw method offers the advantage that, because the two glass films flowing over the channel fuse together, neither of the outside surfaces of the resulting glass article comes in contact with any part of the apparatus. Thus, the surface properties of the fusion drawn glass article are not affected by such contact.
  • Some implementations of the glass substrates described herein may be formed by a slot draw process.
  • the slot draw process is distinct from the fusion draw method.
  • the molten raw material glass is provided to a drawing tank.
  • the bottom of the drawing tank has an open slot with a nozzle that extends the length of the slot.
  • the molten glass flows through the slot/nozzle and is drawn downward as a continuous glass article and into an annealing region.
  • a base composition comprises: 9.39-25 mol % alumina (Al2O3), 0.1-20 mol % sodium oxide (Na2O), and up to 9.01 mol % boron oxide (B2O3), and at least one alkaline earth metal oxide, wherein 15 mol % ⁇ (R2O+R′O—Al2O3 — ZrO2)—B2O3 ⁇ 2 mol%, where R is Na and optionally one or more of Li, K, Rb, and Cs, and R′ is one or more of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba.
  • the glass substrates described herein may exhibit an amorphous microstructure and may be substantially free of crystals or crystallites.
  • the glass-base substrates articles exclude glass-ceramic materials in some implementations.
  • Ion Exchange (IOX) Treatment Chemical strengthening of glass substrates having base compositions is done by placing the ion-exchangeable glass substrates in a molten bath containing cations (e.g., K+, Na+, Ag+, etc) that diffuse into the glass while the smaller alkali ions (e.g., Na+, Li+) of the glass diffuse out into the molten bath. The replacement of the smaller cations by larger ones creates compressive stresses near the top surface of glass.
  • cations e.g., K+, Na+, Ag+, etc
  • a method of making a glass article having a 2.5D configuration comprises: exposing a glass substrate having a 2.5D configuration to a single ion exchange (SIOX) bath to achieve a desired stress profile.
  • the glass article comprises a lithium aluminosilicate composition and opposing first and second surfaces defining a body and a transition region terminating at an edge, the body having a body thickness (tb), the transition region having a narrowing thickness from the body to a transition region edge having a thickness (te).
  • the SIOX bath comprises: a potassium nitrate content in a range of 88-92 weight percent, a sodium nitrate content in a range of 9-11 weight percent, and a lithium nitrate content in a range of 0.3-0.5 weight percent.
  • a total of the potassium nitrate content, the sodium nitrate content, and the lithium nitrate content is 100% by weight.
  • the glass articles disclosed herein may be incorporated into another article such as an article with a display (or display articles) (e.g., consumer electronics, including mobile phones, tablets, computers, navigation systems, and the like), architectural articles, transportation articles (e.g., automobiles, trains, aircraft, sea craft, etc.), appliance articles, or any article that requires some transparency, scratch- resistance, abrasion resistance or a combination thereof.
  • a display or display articles
  • FIGS.2A and 2B An exemplary article incorporating any of the glass articles disclosed herein is shown in FIGS.2A and 2B. Specifically, FIGS.
  • FIGS. 2A and 2B show a consumer electronic device 200 including a housing 202 having front 204, back 206, and side surfaces 208; electrical components (not shown) that are at least partially inside or entirely within the housing and including at least a controller, a memory, and a display 210 at or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; and a cover 212 at or over the front surface of the housing such that it is over the display.
  • the cover 212 and/or housing 202 may include any of the glass articles disclosed herein.
  • the edge surface 408 of the 2.5D geometry has an edge thickness te that is thinner than a thickness tb of the article body 416 spanning from the face surface 410 to the back surface 412.
  • the thinner part tends to reach maximum or peak CT sooner than the thicker part.
  • the CT begins to decrease, and by then the compressive-stress area of the local stress profile is also decreasing for at least one component of the compressive stress that is parallel to the local surface.
  • the comparative recipes generally provided approximately peak CT in the non-edge area (thicker).
  • compositions I and II had the following compositions.
  • Composition I 17.83 mol % Al2O3, 6.11 mol % B2O3, 4.41 mol % MgO, 1.73 mol % Na2O, 58.39 mol % SiO2, 0.08 mol % SnO2, 0.18 mol % K2O, 0.02 mol % Fe2O3, 0.58 mol % CaO, and 10.66 mol % Li2O (0.00 mol % SrO, 0.00 mol % ZnO, and 0.00 mol % P2O5); and a Na2O/Li2O molar ratio of 0.16.
  • Composition II 15.37 mol % Al2O3, 6.00 mol % B2O3, 1.92 mol % MgO, 1.59 mol % Na2O, 61.04 mol % SiO2, 0.07 mol % K2O, 0.02 mol % SP24-054 Fe2O3, 9.73 mol % Li2O, 4.22 mol % CaO, 0.0129 mol % Cr2O3, 0.0017 mol % Co3O4, and 0.0008 mol % CuO (0.00 mol % SnO2, 0.00 mol % SrO, 0.00 mol % P2O5, 0.00 mol % ZnO); and a Na2O/Li2O molar ratio of 0.16.
  • the glass specimen was loaded into the holder (e.g., 620 of FIG.6) by taping the back face (412 of FIG.4) of the specimen to the holder face (e.g., 622 of FIG.12) such that the front face (410 of FIG.4) is oriented towards the impact surface (e.g., 614 of FIG. 12).
  • the impact surface included a roughened surface feature.
  • the roughened surface feature was an abrasive sheet of sandpaper that was adhesively bonded to the impact surface.
  • the sandpaper was a 60-grit Al-O abrasive surface.
  • the impact surface was an angled edge of a triangular prism. The angled edge had an angle of 45° corner, having a 2- mm radius.
  • a first off-set angle ⁇ front face of the holder off-set from the rotary shaft
  • a second off-set angle ⁇ an edge of the impact object perpendicular to the impact surface off-set from a perpendicular to the rotary shaft
  • Table 1 provides a summary of the example preparations.
  • the articles prepared according to the SIOX conditions of Table 1 yielded non-frangible articles.
  • SP24-054 Table 1 [00228]
  • Table 2 provides a summary of CSk, DOLsp, and CS measured as discussed above with respect to EPC measurements.
  • Table 2 [00229] As shown in Table 2, Examples 1 and 2 treated with high CSk SIOX conditions showed improved CSk relative to Comparative Example A.
  • Inventive Example 2 (“E2”) having glass thickness of 0.571mm and CT of 114.6 MPa, featured BTZ at 0.34mm, thus BTZ/t is 0.596, DOC at 0.115mm, and DOC/t at 0.202.
  • FIG. 6 is a low-noise retardation curve, average of 10 measurements with rotation of the specimen between measurements, obtained from a specimen representing Comparative Example A. Average retardation ⁇ of the 10 measurements, in degrees, is provided versus position relative to approximate location of first surface “x” as identified in SLP-2000 software (thin continuous line), and local polynomial fits near the peak and the trough of the average retardation (thicker dash- dotted lines).
  • the fitting region for each local fit extends about 40 pixels (about 51 microns) into the tension zone and about 25 pixels (about 32 microns) into the neighboring compression zone.
  • FIG. 7 is a graph of a fifth-order polynomial fit (black dash-dotted line) extending over the tension zone and a small portion of the compression regions, representing Comparative Example A.
  • the thin continuous line represents the average retardation of 10 measurements, plotted against a through-thickness axis “z” where the zero of the axis is assigned to the mid-plane between the depths of maximum and minimum retardation as determined by the precise depths of the peak and the trough as determined with the help of the local 4 th -order polynomial fits of the previous figure.
  • the thin vertical dashed lines indicate the locations of the beginning and the end of the 5 th -order-polynomial fitting region.
  • the value “z” is the axis along the through-thickness direction normal to the plane of the extended glass sheet (same exact direction as the x-axis), but with its origin located at the mid-plane between the peak and the trough of the retardation.
  • FIG.8 is a graph of residual between the 5th-order polynomial fit of FIG.7 and the average retardation of FIG.6, plotted against the though-thickness coordinate “z” SP24-054 over the fitting region for comparative example CE1. Over the fitting region, the difference in retardation does not exceed 2 degrees by absolute value.
  • FIG. 9 a low-noise retardation curve versus “x” as defined above, average of 10 measurements with rotation of the specimen between measurements, obtained from a specimen representing Example 1.
  • the thin continuous line represents the average retardation curve of 10 measurements on SLP-2000 (thin continuous line) and local 4th-order polynomial fits (black dash-dotted lines) in the vicinity of the peak and the trough, to determine more precise locations of the peak and trough, for inventive Example 1.
  • FIG.10 is a graph of a fifth-order polynomial fit (black dash-dotted line) versus “z” as defined above extending over the tension zone and a small portion of the compression regions, representing Example 1. This information is used for determining the figures of merit of the tension zone though measurements of the peak and trough of the retardation, and the slope at the mid-point as well as the maximum slope.
  • the dashed vertical lines represent the bounds of the fitting region.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph of residual between the 5th-order polynomial fit of FIG. 10 and the average retardation of FIG.9, plotted against the though-thickness coordinate “z” as defined above over the fitting region for inventive Example 1. Over the fitting region, the difference in retardation does not exceed 1 degree by absolute value over the extent of the fitting region.
  • FIG. 12 a low-noise retardation curve versus “x” as defined above, average of 10 measurements with rotation of the specimen between measurements, obtained from a specimen representing Example 2.
  • the thin continuous line represents the average retardation curve of 10 measurements on SLP-2000 (thin continuous line) and local 4th-order polynomial fits (black dash-dotted lines) in the vicinity of the peak and the trough, to determine more precise locations of the peak and trough, for inventive Example 1.
  • SP24-054 [00241]
  • FIG.13 is a graph of a fifth-order polynomial fit (black dash-dotted line) versus “z” as defined above extending over the tension zone and a small portion of the compression regions, representing Example 2.
  • FIG. 14 is a graph of residual between the 5th-order polynomial fit of FIG. 13 and the average retardation of FIG. 12, plotted against the though-thickness coordinate “z” as defined above over the fitting region for inventive Example 2.
  • Table 5 provides a summary of load to failure for Example 1 and Comparative Example A, after the edge damage introduction according to “MECHANICAL TESTING OF A GLASS SPECIMEN HAVING A 2.5D CONFIGURATION.” [00245] Table 5 also provides a summary of body damage introduction using two different grits (180 grit and 80 grit sandpaper), and a 4-point bend test. The body SP24-054 damage introduction was according to a “surface impact test” method described in U.S.
  • the apparatus for surface impact test of a glass article comprises a pendulum including a bob attached to a pivot.
  • the bob includes a base for receiving a glass article, and the glass article is affixed to the base.
  • the surface impact test apparatus further includes an impacting object positioned such that when the bob is released from a position at an angle greater than zero from the equilibrium position, the surface of the bob contacts the impacting object.
  • the impacting object includes an abrasive sheet having an abrasive surface to be placed in contact with the outer surface of the glass article.
  • the abrasive sheet comprises sandpaper of a desired grit.

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Abstract

Glass articles have high-CSk stress profiles and advantageous strength benefit when the gain in integrated compressive stress at small and intermediate depths (up to about 100 μm ), outweighing any reduction in integrated compressive stress at larger depths (such as above 100 μm ). Glass articles include: a lithium aluminosilicate composition; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body of the article having a body thickness (tb); a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk); a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC); a central tension (CT) or a peak tension (PT); and one or more features representing benefits related to gains in integrated compressive stress, including but not limited to various figures of merit as defined herein.

Description

SP24-054 GLASS ARTICLE HAVING HIGH KNEE COMPRESSIVE STRESS BACKGROUND Cross-Reference to Related Application [0001] This application claims the benefit of priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119 of U.S. Provisional Application Serial No.63/563674 filed on March 11, 2024, the content of which is relied upon and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Field [0002] This disclosure relates to glass articles having high knee compressive stresses (CSk) and improved resistance to damage at edges, including articles having 2.5D configurations. Methods of making the same are also disclosed. Technical Background [0003] Designs of devices in the consumer electronics market continue to evolve. Designs that include 2.5D and 3D configurations are becoming more common as these features improve aesthetics of the devices. Handheld devices such as phones and tablets, however, are prone to drop events, which can introduce a combination of surface damage and bending stresses to a cover glass. Drop events are a common cause of failure for the cover glass. To combat this failure mode, typically compressive stresses are added to a surface of the cover glass to help resist damage and failure. Depth of damage is related to depth of compressive stress with respect to survivability in these drop events. [0004] Chemical treatment is a strengthening method to impart a desired and/or engineered stress profile in a glass article, such as a cover glass, the stress profile having one or more of the following parameters: compressive stress (CS), depth of compression (DOC), and maximum central tension (CT). Many glass articles, including those with engineered stress profiles, have a compressive stress that is highest or at a peak at the glass surface and reduces from a peak value moving away from the surface into the depth of the article, and there is zero stress at some interior location of the glass article before the stress in the glass article becomes tensile. SP24-054 Chemical strengthening by ion exchange (IOX) of alkali-containing glass is a proven methodology in this field. [0005] 2.5D configurations include radii that are added to outside edges of a cover glass, and are susceptible to reliability concerns because such areas can be significantly reduced in thickness leading to a reduction in depth of compressive stress hence facilitating more frequent failures. [0006] It has been a continuous effort for glass makers and handheld device manufacturers to improve drop performance of handheld devices. In addition, there is a desire to maintain known reliability and toughness of existing cover glasses and to develop opportunities for enhanced designs, e.g., those with 2.5D and 3D configurations. [0007] Accordingly, a need exists for glass articles having 2.5D configurations with improved damage resistance in outside edges having added radii. SUMMARY [0008] Aspects of the disclosure pertain to glass articles having 2.5D configurations, and methods of making the same. Traditional 2D configurations are those glasses considered totally flat with no edge or a 90 degree edge. Reference to 2.5D configurations herein means those glasses having curvature, usually considered slight curvature, at the edges. As to 3D configurations, those glasses have curvature, usually significant, at any location. Such glass articles are used in consumer devices such as mobile phones. [0009] Aspect (a). A glass article comprising: a lithium aluminosilicate composition; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body of the article having a body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm; a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 180 MPa, or greater than or equal to 185 MPa, or greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa, or greater than or equal to 200 MPa; a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC) that is greater than or equal to 0.17^tb; a peak tension (PT) SP24-054 such that a value of PT*^^^ is less than or equal to 110 MPa√^^ ; a FOM2 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*peak tension (PT)) of greater than or equal to 0.400 to less than or equal to 0.680. [0010] Aspect (b). The glass article of aspect (a) having a 2.5D configuration, and further comprising a transition region around a periphery of the body that terminates at a transition region edge having an edge thickness (te) and has a narrowing thickness from the body to the transition region edge. [0011] Aspect (c). The glass article of aspect (a) or (b), wherein the DOC is greater than or equal to 0.18^tb, or greater than or equal to 0.19^tb, greater than or equal to 0.20^tb, or greater than or equal to 0.21^tb and/or less than or equal to 0.25^tb, [0012] Aspect (d). The glass article of any one of aspects (a) to (c), wherein a DOLsp of the spike region is in a range of greater than or equal to 3.5 to less than or equal to 8.5 micrometers. [0013] Aspect (e). The glass article of any one of aspects (a) to (d), wherein the PT is greater than or equal to 92 MPa. [0014] Aspect (f). The glass article of any one of aspects (a) to (e), wherein tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.55 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm and PT*^^^ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^. [0015] Aspect (g). The glass article of any one of aspects (a) to (e), wherein tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.72 mm and PT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa. [0016] Aspect (h). The glass article of any one of aspects (a) to (e), wherein for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than 0.72 mm, PT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa; and for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.72 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, PT*^^^ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^. [0017] Aspect (i). The glass article of any one of aspects (a) to (h), wherein the FOM2 is greater than or equal to 0.410, or greater than or equal to 0.420, or greater than or equal to 0.425, or greater than or equal to 0.430. SP24-054 [0018] Aspect (j). The glass article of any one of aspects (a) to (i), wherein the tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.50 millimeters and less than or equal to 0.68 millimeters, and the DOC is greater than or equal to 95 micrometers. [0019] Aspect (k). The glass article of any one of aspects (a) to (j), wherein a peak compressive stress (CSmax) of the spike region is greater than or equal to 500 MPa, or greater than or equal to 550 MPa to less than or equal to 800 MPa, or greater than or equal to 560 MPa, 570 MPa, 580 MPa, 590 MPa, 600 MPa, 610 MPa, 620 MPa, 630 MPa, 640 MPa, 650 MPa, 660 MPa, 670 MPa, 680 MPa, 690 MPa, 700 MPa, 710 MPa, 720 MPa, 730 MPa, 740 MPa, 750 MPa, and/or less than or equal to 760 MPa, 770 MPa, 780 MPa, 790 MPa, 800 MPa. [0020] Aspect (l). The glass article of any one of aspects (a) to (k), wherein the CSk is less than or equal to 225 MPa, or less than or equal to 245 MPa, or less than or equal to 250 MPa, or less than or equal to 300 MPa. [0021] Aspect (m). The glass article of any one of aspects (a) to (l), wherein the lithium aluminosilicate glass comprises: about 50 mol% to about 69 mol% SiO2; about 12.5 mol% to about 25 mol% Al2O3; about 0 mol% to about 8 mol% B2O3; about 0.5 mol% to about 8 mol% Na2O; and about 8 mol% to about 18 mol% Li2O. [0022] Aspect (n). The glass article of any one of aspects (a) to (m), wherein a FOM4 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*breadth tension zone (BTZ)*PT) is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.700, or greater than or equal to 0.710, greater than or equal to 0.720, greater than or equal to 0.730, greater than or equal to 0.740, greater than or equal to 0.750, or greater than or equal to 0.760, and/or less than or equal to 1.00. [0023] Aspect (o). A glass article having a 2.5D configuration, and comprising: a lithium aluminosilicate composition comprising: about 50 mol% to about 69 mol% SiO2; about 12.5 mol% to about 25 mol% Al2O3; about 0 mol% to about 8 mol% B2O3; about 0.5 mol% to about 8 mol% Na2O; and about 8 mol% to about 18 mol% Li2O; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body and a transition region terminating at an edge, the body having a body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, the transition region having a narrowing thickness from the body to a transition region edge having a thickness (te); a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee SP24-054 compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa, or greater than or equal to 200 MPa; a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC), the DOC being greater than or equal to 0.19^tb; a peak tension (PT) of greater than or equal to 90 MPa; a FOM2 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*peak tension (PT)) of greater than or equal to 0.400 to less than or equal to 0.680. [0024] Aspect (p). The glass article of aspect (o), wherein the FOM2 is greater than or equal to 0.410, or greater than or equal to 0.410, or greater than or equal to 0.420, or greater than or equal to 0.425, or greater than or equal to 0.430. [0025] Aspect (q). The glass article of aspect (o) or (p), wherein the tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.50 millimeters and less than or equal to 0.68 millimeters, and the DOC is greater than or equal to 95 µm. [0026] Aspect (r). The glass article of any one of aspects (o) to (q), wherein a peak compressive stress (CSmax) of the spike region is greater than or equal to 500 MPa, or greater than or equal to 550 MPa to less than or equal to 800 MPa, or greater than or equal to 560 MPa, 570 MPa, 580 MPa, 590 MPa, 600 MPa, 610 MPa, 620 MPa, 630 MPa, 640 MPa, 650 MPa, 660 MPa, 670 MPa, 680 MPa, 690 MPa, 700 MPa, 710 MPa, 720 MPa, 730 MPa, 740 MPa, 750 MPa, and/or less than or equal to 760 MPa, 770 MPa, 780 MPa, 790 MPa, 800 MPa. [0027] Aspect (s). The glass article of any one of aspects (o) to (r), wherein the CSk is less than or equal to 225 MPa, less than or equal to 245 MPa, or less than or equal to 250 MPa, or less than or equal to 300 MPa. [0028] Aspect (t). The glass article of any one of aspects (o) to (s), wherein for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than 0.72 mm, PT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa; and for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.72 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, PT*^^^ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^. [0029] Aspect (u). A glass article comprising: a lithium aluminosilicate composition; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body of the article having a body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm; a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first SP24-054 surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 180 MPa, or greater than or equal to 185 MPa, or greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa, or greater than or equal to 200 MPa; a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC) that is greater than or equal to 0.17^tb; a peak tension (PT) such that a value of PT*^^^ is less than or equal to 110 MPa√^^ ; a FOM4 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*breadth tension zone (BTZ)* peak tension (PT)) of greater than or equal to 0.700 to less than or equal to 1.00. [0030] Aspect (v). The glass article of aspect (u) having a 2.5D configuration, and further comprising a transition region around a periphery of the body that terminates at a transition region edge having an edge thickness (te) and has a narrowing thickness from the body to the transition region edge. [0031] Aspect (w). The glass article of aspect (u) or (v), wherein the DOC is greater than or equal to 0.18^tb, or greater than or equal to 0.19^tb, greater than or equal to 0.20^tb, or greater than or equal to 0.21^tb and/or less than or equal to 0.25^tb, [0032] Aspect (x). The glass article of any one of aspects (u) to (w), wherein a DOLsp of the spike region is in a range of greater than or equal to 3.5 to less than or equal to 8.5 micrometers. [0033] Aspect (y). The glass article of any one of aspects (u) to (x), wherein the PT is greater than or equal to 92 MPa. [0034] Aspect (z). The glass article of any one of aspects (u) to (y), wherein tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.55 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm and greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^. [0035] Aspect (aa). The glass article of any one of aspects (u) to (y), wherein tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.72 mm and PT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa. [0036] Aspect (bb). The glass article of any one of aspects (u) to (y), wherein for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than 0.72 mm, PT is greater than SP24-054 or equal to 91 MPa; and for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.72 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, PT*^^^ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^. [0037] Aspect (cc). The glass article of any one of aspects (u) to (bb), wherein the FOM4 is greater than or equal to 0.710, greater than or equal to 0.720, greater than or equal to 0.730, greater than or equal to 0.740, greater than or equal to 0.750, or greater than or equal to 0.760. [0038] Aspect (dd). The glass article of any one of aspects (u) to (cc), wherein the tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.50 millimeters and less than or equal to 0.68 millimeters, and the DOC is greater than or equal to 95 micrometers. [0039] Aspect (ee). The glass article of any one of aspects (u) to (dd), wherein a peak compressive stress (CSmax) of the spike region is greater than or equal to 500 MPa, or greater than or equal to 550 MPa to less than or equal to 800 MPa, or greater than or equal to 560 MPa, 570 MPa, 580 MPa, 590 MPa, 600 MPa, 610 MPa, 620 MPa, 630 MPa, 640 MPa, 650 MPa, 660 MPa, 670 MPa, 680 MPa, 690 MPa, 700 MPa, 710 MPa, 720 MPa, 730 MPa, 740 MPa, 750 MPa, and/or less than or equal to 760 MPa, 770 MPa, 780 MPa, 790 MPa, 800 MPa. [0040] Aspect (ff). The glass article of any one of aspects (u) to (ee), wherein the CSk is less than or equal to 225 MPa, or less than or equal to 245 MPa, or less than or equal to 250 MPa, or less than or equal to 300 MPa. [0041] Aspect (gg). The glass article of any one of aspects (u) to (ff), wherein the lithium aluminosilicate glass comprises: about 50 mol% to about 69 mol% SiO2; about 12.5 mol% to about 25 mol% Al2O3; about 0 mol% to about 8 mol% B2O3; about 0.5 mol% to about 8 mol% Na2O; and about 8 mol% to about 18 mol% Li2O. [0042] Aspect (hh). The glass article of any one of aspects (u) to (gg), wherein a FOM2 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*peak tension (PT)) is greater than or equal to 0.400, or greater than or equal to 0.410, or greater than or equal to 0.420, or greater than or equal to 0.425, or greater than or equal to 0.430, and less than or equal to 0.680. SP24-054 [0043] Aspect (ii). A glass article having a 2.5D configuration, and comprising: a lithium aluminosilicate composition comprising: about 50 mol% to about 69 mol% SiO2; about 12.5 mol% to about 25 mol% Al2O3; about 0 mol% to about 8 mol% B2O3; about 0.5 mol% to about 8 mol% Na2O; and about 8 mol% to about 18 mol% Li2O; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body and a transition region terminating at an edge, the body having a body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, the transition region having a narrowing thickness from the body to a transition region edge having a thickness (te); a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa, or greater than or equal to 200 MPa; a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC), the DOC being greater than or equal to 0.19^tb; a peak tension (PT) of greater than or equal to 90 MPa; a FOM4 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*breadth tension zone (BTZ)* peak tension (PT)) of greater than or equal to 0.700 to less than or equal to 1.00. [0044] Aspect (jj). The glass article of aspect (ii), wherein the FOM4 is greater than or equal to 0.710, greater than or equal to 0.720, greater than or equal to 0.730, greater than or equal to 0.740, greater than or equal to 0.750, or greater than or equal to 0.760. [0045] Aspect (kk). The glass article of aspect (ii) or (jj), wherein the tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.50 millimeters and less than or equal to 0.68 millimeters, and the DOC is greater than or equal to 95 µm. [0046] Aspect (ll). The glass article of any one of aspects (ii) to (kk), wherein a peak compressive stress (CSmax) of the spike region is greater than or equal to 500 MPa, or greater than or equal to 550 MPa to less than or equal to 800 MPa, or greater than or equal to 560 MPa, 570 MPa, 580 MPa, 590 MPa, 600 MPa, 610 MPa, 620 MPa, 630 MPa, 640 MPa, 650 MPa, 660 MPa, 670 MPa, 680 MPa, 690 MPa, 700 MPa, 710 MPa, 720 MPa, 730 MPa, 740 MPa, 750 MPa, and/or less than or equal to 760 MPa, 770 MPa, 780 MPa, 790 MPa, 800 MPa. SP24-054 [0047] Aspect (mm). The glass article of any one of aspects (ii) to (ll), wherein the CSk is less than or equal to 225 MPa, less than or equal to 245 MPa, or less than or equal to 250 MPa, or less than or equal to 300 MPa. [0048] Aspect (nn). The glass article of any one of aspects (ii) to (mm), wherein for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than 0.72 mm, PT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa; and for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.72 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, PT*^^^ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^. [0049] Aspect (oo). A glass article comprising: a lithium aluminosilicate composition; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body of the article having a body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm; a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 180 MPa, or greater than or equal to 185 MPa, or greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa, or greater than or equal to 200 MPa; a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC) that is greater than or equal to 0.17^tb; a central tension (CT) such that a value of CT*^^^ is less than or equal to 110 MPa√^^ ; a FOM1 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*central tension (CT)) of greater than or equal to 0.400 to less than or equal to 0.680. [0050] Aspect (pp). The glass article of aspect (oo) having a 2.5D configuration, and further comprising a transition region around a periphery of the body that terminates at a transition region edge having an edge thickness (te) and has a narrowing thickness from the body to the transition region edge. [0051] Aspect (qq). The glass article of aspect (oo) or (pp), wherein the DOC is greater than or equal to 0.18^tb, or greater than or equal to 0.19^tb, greater than or equal to 0.20^tb, or greater than or equal to 0.21^tb and/or less than or equal to 0.25^tb, [0052] Aspect (rr). The glass article of any one of aspects (oo) to (qq), wherein a DOLsp of the spike region is in a range of greater than or equal to 3.5 to less than or equal to 8.5 micrometers. SP24-054 [0053] Aspect (ss). The glass article of any one of aspects (oo) to (rr), wherein the CT is greater than or equal to 92 MPa. [0054] Aspect (tt). The glass article of any one of aspects (oo) to (ss), wherein tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.55 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm and greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^. [0055] Aspect (uu). The glass article of any one of aspects (oo) to (ss), wherein tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.72 mm and CT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa. [0056] Aspect (vv). The glass article of any one of aspects (oo) to (ss), wherein for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than 0.72 mm, CT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa; and for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.72 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, CT*^^^ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^. [0057] Aspect (ww). The glass article of any one of aspects (oo) to (vv), wherein the FOM1 is greater than or equal to 0.410, or greater than or equal to 0.420, or greater than or equal to 0.425, or greater than or equal to 0.430. [0058] Aspect (xx). The glass article of any one of aspects (oo) to (ww), wherein the tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.50 millimeters and less than or equal to 0.68 millimeters, and the DOC is greater than or equal to 95 micrometers. [0059] Aspect (yy). The glass article of any one of aspects (oo) to (xx), wherein a peak compressive stress (CSmax) of the spike region is greater than or equal to 500 MPa, or greater than or equal to 550 MPa to less than or equal to 800 MPa, or greater than or equal to 560 MPa, 570 MPa, 580 MPa, 590 MPa, 600 MPa, 610 MPa, 620 MPa, 630 MPa, 640 MPa, 650 MPa, 660 MPa, 670 MPa, 680 MPa, 690 MPa, 700 MPa, 710 MPa, 720 MPa, 730 MPa, 740 MPa, 750 MPa, and/or less than or equal to 760 MPa, 770 MPa, 780 MPa, 790 MPa, 800 MPa. [0060] Aspect (zz). The glass article of any one of aspects (oo) to (yy), wherein the CSk is less than or equal to 225 MPa, or less than or equal to 245 MPa, or less than or equal to 250 MPa, or less than or equal to 300 MPa. SP24-054 [0061] Aspect (aaa). The glass article of any one of aspects (oo) to (zz), wherein the lithium aluminosilicate glass comprises: about 50 mol% to about 69 mol% SiO2; about 12.5 mol% to about 25 mol% Al2O3; about 0 mol% to about 8 mol% B2O3; about 0.5 mol% to about 8 mol% Na2O; and about 8 mol% to about 18 mol% Li2O. [0062] Aspect (bbb). The glass article of any one of aspects (oo) to (aaa), wherein a FOM3 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*breadth tension zone (BTZ)*CT) is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.700, or greater than or equal to 0.710, greater than or equal to 0.720, greater than or equal to 0.730, greater than or equal to 0.740, greater than or equal to 0.750, or greater than or equal to 0.760, and/or less than or equal to 1.00. [0063] Aspect (ccc). A glass article having a 2.5D configuration, and comprising: a lithium aluminosilicate composition comprising: about 50 mol% to about 69 mol% SiO2; about 12.5 mol% to about 25 mol% Al2O3; about 0 mol% to about 8 mol% B2O3; about 0.5 mol% to about 8 mol% Na2O; and about 8 mol% to about 18 mol% Li2O; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body and a transition region terminating at an edge, the body having a body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, the transition region having a narrowing thickness from the body to a transition region edge having a thickness (te); a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa, or greater than or equal to 200 MPa; a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC), the DOC being greater than or equal to 0.19^tb; a central tension (CT) of greater than or equal to 90 MPa; a FOM1 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*peak tension (CT)) of greater than or equal to 0.400 to less than or equal to 0.680. [0064] Aspect (ddd). The glass article of aspect (ccc), wherein the FOM1 is greater than or equal to 0.410, or greater than or equal to 0.410, or greater than or equal to 0.420, or greater than or equal to 0.425, or greater than or equal to 0.430. [0065] Aspect (eee). The glass article of aspect (ccc) or (ddd), wherein the tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.50 millimeters and less than or equal to 0.68 millimeters, and the DOC is greater than or equal to 95 µm. SP24-054 [0066] Aspect (fff). The glass article of any one of aspects (ccc) to (eee), wherein a peak compressive stress (CSmax) of the spike region is greater than or equal to 500 MPa, or greater than or equal to 550 MPa to less than or equal to 800 MPa, or greater than or equal to 560 MPa, 570 MPa, 580 MPa, 590 MPa, 600 MPa, 610 MPa, 620 MPa, 630 MPa, 640 MPa, 650 MPa, 660 MPa, 670 MPa, 680 MPa, 690 MPa, 700 MPa, 710 MPa, 720 MPa, 730 MPa, 740 MPa, 750 MPa, and/or less than or equal to 760 MPa, 770 MPa, 780 MPa, 790 MPa, 800 MPa. [0067] Aspect (ggg). The glass article of any one of aspects (ccc) to (fff), wherein the CSk is less than or equal to 225 MPa, less than or equal to 245 MPa, or less than or equal to 250 MPa, or less than or equal to 300 MPa. [0068] Aspect (hhh). The glass article of any one of aspects (ccc) to (ggg), wherein for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than 0.72 mm, CT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa; and for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.72 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, CT*^^^ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^. [0069] Aspect (iii). A glass article comprising: a lithium aluminosilicate composition; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body of the article having a body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm; a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 180 MPa, or greater than or equal to 185 MPa, or greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa, or greater than or equal to 200 MPa; a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC) that is greater than or equal to 0.17^tb; a central tension (CT) such that a value of CT*^^^ is less than or equal to 110 MPa√^^ ; a FOM3 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*breadth tension zone (BTZ)* central tension (CT)) of greater than or equal to 0.700 to less than or equal to 1.00. [0070] Aspect (jjj). The glass article of aspect (iii) having a 2.5D configuration, and further comprising a transition region around a periphery of the body that terminates at a transition region edge having an edge thickness (te) and has a narrowing thickness from the body to the transition region edge. SP24-054 [0071] Aspect (kkk). The glass article of aspect (iii) or (jjj), wherein the DOC is greater than or equal to 0.18^tb, or greater than or equal to 0.19^tb, greater than or equal to 0.20^tb, or greater than or equal to 0.21^tb and/or less than or equal to 0.25^tb, [0072] Aspect (lll). The glass article of any one of aspects (iii) to (kkk), wherein a DOLsp of the spike region is in a range of greater than or equal to 3.5 to less than or equal to 8.5 micrometers. [0073] Aspect (mmm). The glass article any one of aspects (iii) to (lll), wherein the CT is greater than or equal to 92 MPa. [0074] Aspect (nnn). The glass article of any one of aspects (iii) to (mmm), wherein tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.55 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm and CT*^^^ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^. [0075] Aspect (ooo). The glass article of any one of aspects (iii) to (mmm), wherein tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.72 mm and CT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa. [0076] Aspect (ppp). The glass article of any one of aspects (iii) to (mmm), wherein for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than 0.72 mm, CT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa; and for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.72 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, CT*^^^ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^. [0077] Aspect (qqq). The glass article of any one of aspects (iii) to (ppp), wherein the FOM3 is greater than or equal to 0.710, greater than or equal to 0.720, greater than or equal to 0.730, greater than or equal to 0.740, greater than or equal to 0.750, or greater than or equal to 0.760. [0078] Aspect (rrr). The glass article of any one of aspects (iii) to (qqq), wherein the tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.50 millimeters and less than or equal to 0.68 millimeters, and the DOC is greater than or equal to 95 micrometers. [0079] Aspect (sss). The glass article of any one of aspects (iii) to (rrr), wherein a peak compressive stress (CSmax) of the spike region is greater than or equal to 500 MPa, or greater than or equal to 550 MPa to less than or equal to 800 MPa, or greater than or equal to 560 MPa, 570 MPa, 580 MPa, 590 MPa, 600 MPa, 610 MPa, 620 SP24-054 MPa, 630 MPa, 640 MPa, 650 MPa, 660 MPa, 670 MPa, 680 MPa, 690 MPa, 700 MPa, 710 MPa, 720 MPa, 730 MPa, 740 MPa, 750 MPa, and/or less than or equal to 760 MPa, 770 MPa, 780 MPa, 790 MPa, 800 MPa. [0080] Aspect (ttt). The glass article of any one of aspects (iii) to (sss), wherein the CSk is less than or equal to 225 MPa, or less than or equal to 245 MPa, or less than or equal to 250 MPa, or less than or equal to 300 MPa. [0081] Aspect (uuu). The glass article of any one of aspects (iii) to (ttt), wherein the lithium aluminosilicate glass comprises: about 50 mol% to about 69 mol% SiO2; about 12.5 mol% to about 25 mol% Al2O3; about 0 mol% to about 8 mol% B2O3; about 0.5 mol% to about 8 mol% Na2O; and about 8 mol% to about 18 mol% Li2O. [0082] Aspect (vvv). The glass article of any one of aspects (iii) to (uuu), wherein a FOM1 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*peak tension (CT)) is greater than or equal to 0.400, or greater than or equal to 0.410, or greater than or equal to 0.420, or greater than or equal to 0.425, or greater than or equal to 0.430, and less than or equal to 0.680. [0083] Aspect (www). A glass article having a 2.5D configuration, and comprising: a lithium aluminosilicate composition comprising: about 50 mol% to about 69 mol% SiO2; about 12.5 mol% to about 25 mol% Al2O3; about 0 mol% to about 8 mol% B2O3; about 0.5 mol% to about 8 mol% Na2O; and about 8 mol% to about 18 mol% Li2O; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body and a transition region terminating at an edge, the body having a body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, the transition region having a narrowing thickness from the body to a transition region edge having a thickness (te); a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa, or greater than or equal to 200 MPa; a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC), the DOC being greater than or equal to 0.19^tb; a central tension (CT) of greater than or equal to 90 MPa; a FOM3 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*breadth tension zone (BTZ)* peak tension (CT)) of greater than or equal to 0.700 to less than or equal to 1.00. SP24-054 [0084] Aspect (xxx). The glass article of aspect (www), wherein the FOM3 is greater than or equal to 0.710, greater than or equal to 0.720, greater than or equal to 0.730, greater than or equal to 0.740, greater than or equal to 0.750, or greater than or equal to 0.760. [0085] Aspect (yyy). The glass article of aspect (www) or (xxx), wherein the tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.50 millimeters and less than or equal to 0.68 millimeters, and the DOC is greater than or equal to 95 µm. [0086] Aspect (zzz). The glass article of any one of aspects (www) to (yyy), wherein a peak compressive stress (CSmax) of the spike region is greater than or equal to 500 MPa, or greater than or equal to 550 MPa to less than or equal to 800 MPa, or greater than or equal to 560 MPa, 570 MPa, 580 MPa, 590 MPa, 600 MPa, 610 MPa, 620 MPa, 630 MPa, 640 MPa, 650 MPa, 660 MPa, 670 MPa, 680 MPa, 690 MPa, 700 MPa, 710 MPa, 720 MPa, 730 MPa, 740 MPa, 750 MPa, and/or less than or equal to 760 MPa, 770 MPa, 780 MPa, 790 MPa, 800 MPa. [0087] Aspect (aaaa). The glass article of any one of aspects (www) to (zzz), wherein the CSk is less than or equal to 225 MPa, less than or equal to 245 MPa, or less than or equal to 250 MPa, or less than or equal to 300 MPa. [0088] Aspect (bbbb). The glass article of any one of aspects (www) to (aaaa), wherein for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than 0.72 mm, CT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa; and for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.72 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, PT*^^^ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^. [0089] Aspect (cccc). A consumer electronic product, comprising: a housing having a front surface, a back surface, and side surfaces; electrical components provided at least partially within the housing, the electrical components including at least a controller, a memory, and a display, the display being provided at or adjacent the front surface of the housing; and the glass article of any one or aspects (a) to (bbbb) disposed over the display. [0090] Aspect (dddd) .A method of making a glass article having a 2.5D configuration, the glass article comprising a lithium aluminosilicate composition and SP24-054 opposing first and second surfaces defining a body and a transition region terminating at an edge, the body having a body thickness (tb), the transition region having a narrowing thickness from the body to a transition region edge having a thickness (te), the method comprising: exposing a glass substrate having a 2.5D configuration to a single ion exchange (SIOX) bath to achieve a stress profile of the glass article comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 180 MPa, or greater than or equal to 185 MPa, or greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa, or greater than or equal to 200 MPa; a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC), the DOC being greater than or equal to 0.17^tb; a peak tension (PT) such that a value of PT*^^^ is less than or equal to 110 MPa√^^ or a central tension (CT) such that a value of less than or equal to 110 MPa√^^; a FOM2 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*peak tension (PT)) of greater than or equal to 0.400 to less than or equal to 0.680 or a FOM1 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*central tension (CT)) of greater than or equal to 0.400 to less than or equal to 0.680. [0091] Aspect (eeee). A method of making a glass article having a 2.5D configuration, the glass article comprising a lithium aluminosilicate composition and opposing first and second surfaces defining a body and a transition region terminating at an edge, the body having a body thickness (tb), the transition region having a narrowing thickness from the body to a transition region edge having a thickness (te), the method comprising: exposing a glass substrate having a 2.5D configuration to a single ion exchange (SIOX) bath to achieve a stress profile of the glass article comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 180 MPa, or greater than or equal to 185 MPa, or greater than or equal to 190 MPa, or greater than or equal to 195 MPa, or greater than or equal to 200 MPa; a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC), the DOC being greater than or equal to 0.17^tb; a peak tension (PT) such that a value of PT*^^^ is less than or equal to 110 MPa√^^ or a central tension (CT) such that a value of CT*^^^ is less than or equal to 110 MPa√^^; a FOM4 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*breadth tension zone (BTZ)* peak tension (PT)) of greater than or equal to SP24-054 0.700 to less than or equal to 1.00 or a FOM3 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*breadth tension zone (BTZ)* central tension (CT)) of greater than or equal to 0.700 to less than or equal to 1.00. [0092] Aspect (ffff). The method of aspect (dddd) or(eeee), wherein the SIOX bath comprises: a potassium nitrate content in a range of 88-92 weight percent, a sodium nitrate content in a range of 9-11 weight percent, and a lithium nitrate content in a range of 0.3-0.5 weight percent. [0093] Aspect (gggg). The method of aspect (dddd) or(eeee), wherein the SIOX bath comprises: a potassium nitrate content in a range of 88-92 weight percent, a sodium nitrate content in a range of 9-11 weight percent, and a lithium nitrate content in a range of 0.3-0.5 weight percent, with the proviso that the total of the potassium nitrate content, the sodium nitrate content, and the lithium nitrate content is 100 % by weight. [0094] Additional features and advantages will be set forth in the detailed description which follows, and in part will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art from that description or recognized by practicing the implementations described herein, including the detailed description which follows, the claims, as well as the appended drawings. [0095] It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description describe various implementations and are intended to provide an overview or framework for understanding the nature and character of the claimed subject matter. The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of the various implementations, and are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification. The drawings illustrate the various implementations described herein, and together with the description serve to explain the principles and operations of the claimed subject matter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS [0096] The accompanying figures, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate several implementations described below. SP24-054 [0097] FIG. 1 schematically depicts a cross-section of a glass having compressive stress layers on surfaces thereof according to implementations disclosed and described herein; [0098] FIG. 2A is a plan view of an exemplary electronic device incorporating any of the glass articles disclosed herein; [0099] FIG. 2B is a perspective view of the exemplary electronic device of FIG. 2A; [00100] FIG. 3 is an exemplary stress profile across a thickness of a chemically strengthened glass article; [00101] FIG.4 schematically depicts a transverse cross-section of a 2.5D glass article according to implementations herein; [00102] FIG. 5 is another exemplary stress profile across a thickness of a chemically strengthened glass article; [00103] FIG. 6 is a low-noise retardation curve, average of 10 measurements with rotation of the specimen between measurements, obtained from a specimen representing Comparative Example A; [00104] FIG. 7 is a graph of a fifth-order polynomial fit (black dash-dotted line) extending over the tension zone and a small portion of the compression regions representing Comparative Example A; [00105] FIG. 8 is a graph of residual between the 5th-order polynomial fit of FIG. 7 and the average retardation of FIG.6; [00106] FIG. 9 a low-noise retardation curve, average of 10 measurements with rotation of the specimen between measurements, obtained from a specimen representing Example 1; [00107] FIG. 10 is a graph of a fifth-order polynomial fit (black dash-dotted line) extending over the tension zone and a small portion of the compression regions representing Example 1; SP24-054 [00108] FIG. 11 is a graph of residual between the 5th-order polynomial fit of FIG. 10 and the average retardation of FIG.9; [00109] FIG. 12 a low-noise retardation curve, average of 10 measurements with rotation of the specimen between measurements, obtained from a specimen representing Example 2; [00110] FIG. 13 is a graph of a fifth-order polynomial fit (black dash-dotted line) extending over the tension zone and a small portion of the compression regions representing Example 2; [00111] FIG. 14 is a graph of residual between the 5th-order polynomial fit of FIG. 10 and the average retardation of FIG.12; [00112] FIG.15 is an isometric view of an apparatus for introducing damage to a glass specimen having a 2.5D configuration; and [00113] FIG.16 is a top plan view of a portion of an apparatus for introducing damage to a glass specimen having a 2.5D configuration. DETAILED DESCRIPTION [00114] Before describing several exemplary implementations, it is to be understood that the disclosure is not limited to the details of construction or process steps set forth in the following disclosure. The disclosure provided herein is capable of other implementations and of being practiced or being carried out in various ways. [00115] Reference throughout this specification to "one implementation," "certain implementations," "various implementations," "one or more implementations" or "an implementation" means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the implementation is included in at least one implementation of the disclosure. Thus, the appearances of the phrases such as "in one or more implementations," "in certain implementations," "in various implementations," "in one implementation" or "in an implementation" in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily referring to the same implementation, or to only one implementation. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, SP24-054 materials, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more implementations. Definitions [00116] The terms "glass article" and "glass substrates" are used to include any object made of glass. Glass substrates according to one or more implementations can be selected from soda-lime silicate glass, alkali-alumino silicate glass, alkali-containing borosilicate glass, and alkali-containing aluminoborosilicate glass. [00117] A "base composition" is a chemical make-up of a substrate prior to any ion exchange (IOX) treatment. That is, the base composition is undoped by any ions from IOX. A composition at the center of a glass article that has been IOX treated is typically the same as the base composition when IOX treatment conditions are such that ions supplied for IOX do not diffuse into the center of the substrate. In one or more implementations, a central composition at the center of the glass article comprises the base composition. [00118] It is noted that the terms "substantially" and "about" may be utilized herein to represent the inherent degree of uncertainty that may be attributed to any quantitative comparison, value, measurement, or other representation. These terms are also utilized herein to represent the degree by which a quantitative representation may vary from a stated reference without resulting in a change in the basic function of the subject matter at issue. Thus, for example, a glass article that is "substantially free of MgO" is one in which MgO is not actively added or batched into the glass article, but may be present in very small amounts as a contaminant. As used herein, the term “about” means that amounts, sizes, formulations, parameters, and other quantities and characteristics are not and need not be exact, but may be approximate and/or larger or smaller, as desired, reflecting tolerances, conversion factors, rounding off, measurement error and the like, and other factors known to those of skill in the art. When the term “about” is used in describing a value or an end-point of a range, the disclosure should be understood to include the specific value or end-point referred to. Whether or not a numerical value or end-point of a range in the specification recites “about,” the numerical value or end-point of a range is intended to include two implementations: one modified by “about,” and one not modified by “about.” It will be SP24-054 further understood that the endpoints of each of the ranges are significant both in relation to the other endpoint, and independently of the other endpoint. [00119] Unless otherwise specified, all compositions described herein are expressed in terms of mole percent (mol %) on an oxide basis. [00120] A “stress profile” is stress as a function of thickness across a glass article. A compressive stress region extends from a first surface to a depth of compression (DOC) of the article, and is a region where the article is under compressive stress. A central tension region extends from the DOC to include the region where the article is under tensile stress. [00121] As used herein, depth of compression (DOC) refers to the depth at which the stress within the glass article changes from compressive to tensile stress. At the DOC, the stress crosses from a positive (compressive) stress to a negative (tensile) stress and thus exhibits a stress value of zero. According to the convention normally used in mechanical arts, compression is expressed as a negative (< 0) stress and tension is expressed as a positive (> 0) stress. Throughout this description, however, positive values of stress are compressive stress (CS), which are expressed as a positive or absolute value – i.e., as recited herein, CS = ½CS½. Additionally, negative values of stress are tensile stress. But when used with the term “tensile”, stress or central tension (CT) may be expressed as a positive value, i.e., CT = ½CT½. Central tension (CT) refers to tensile stress in a central region or a central tension region of the glass article. Maximum central tension (maximum CT or CTmax) may occur in the central tension region nominally at 0.5•t, where t is the article thickness, which allows for variation from exact center of the location of the maximum tensile stress. Peak tension (PT) refers to maximum tension measured, which may or may not be at the center of the article. [00122] With reference to FIG.1, a glass, which includes a glass-based article and/or a specimen body of a glass specimen having a 2.5D configuration, has a thickness t and a first region under compressive stress (e.g., first and second compressive stress layers 120, 122 in FIG.1) extending from the surface to a depth of compression (DOC) of the glass and a second region (e.g., central region 130 in FIG.1) under a tensile SP24-054 stress or central tension (CT) extending from the DOC into the central or interior region of the glass. [00123] The compressive stress (CS) has a maximum or peak value, which typically occurs at the surface of the glass (but such need not be the case as the peak may occur at a depth from the surface of the glass), and the CS varies with distance d from the surface according to a function. Referring again to FIG.1, the first compressive stress layer 120 extends from first surface 110 to a depth d1 and the second compressive stress layer 122 extends from second surface 112 to a depth d2. Together, these segments define a compression region or CS of glass 100. [00124] The compressive stress of both compressive stress layers (120, 122 in FIG. 1) is balanced by stored tension in the central region (130) of the glass. [00125] An exemplary stress profile of a chemically strengthened glass article is illustrated graphically in FIG.3, across a thickness t defined by a first surface 302 and a second surface 304 opposing the first surface of a glass article 300 of one or more implementations. In one or more implementations, the thickness t may be about 3 millimeters or less (e.g., in the range from about 0.01 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, from about 0.1 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, from about 0.2 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, from about 0.3 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, from about 0.4 millimeter to about 3 millimeters, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 2.5 millimeters, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 2 millimeters, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 1.5 millimeters, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 1 millimeter, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.9 millimeter, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.8 millimeter, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.7 millimeter, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.6 millimeter, from about 0.01 millimeter to about 0.5 millimeter, from about 0.1 millimeter to about 0.5 millimeter, or from about 0.3 millimeter to about 0.5 millimeter.) [00126] The stress profile extends from the first surface 302 to the second surface 304 (or along the entire length of the thickness t). In the implementation shown in FIG. 3, the stress profile 312 as measured by a scattered light polariscope (SCALP) as is illustrated. The y-axis represents the stress value and the x-axis represents the thickness or depth within the glass article. The exemplary stress profile 312 includes a surface CS 310, a maximum CT 320, and a first DOC 330. The stress profile 312 SP24-054 has a CS layer 317 extending from a surface 302 to the first DOC 330. A second CS layer 317 extends from surface 304 to a second DOC 332. The stress profile 312 also has a CT layer 327 extending between the first DOC 330 and the second DOC 332. A tension area (TA) 334 is area under the curve from 330 to 332 to “0” baseline. [00127] A "knee" of a stress profile is a depth of an article where the slope of the stress profile transitions from steep to gradual. See FIG.5, for example. The knee may refer to a transition area over a span of depths where the slope is changing. The knee stress CSk is defined as the value of compressive stress that the deeper portion of the CS profile extrapolates to at the depth of spike (DOLsp). The DOLsp is reported as measured by a surface-stress meter by known methods. FIG.5 shows generally a stress profile of compressive stress versus normalized position showing a spike region, a knee, and a tail region; CSmax, CSk, DOLsp, and DOC. [00128] A non-zero metal oxide concentration that varies from the first surface to a depth of layer (DOL) with respect to the metal oxide or that varies along at least a substantial portion of the article thickness (t) indicates that a stress has been generated in the article as a result of ion exchange. The variation in metal oxide concentration may be referred to herein as a metal oxide concentration gradient. The metal oxide that is non-zero in concentration and varies from the first surface to a DOL or along a portion of the thickness may be described as generating a stress in the glass article. The concentration gradient or variation of metal oxides is created by chemically strengthening a glass substrate in which a plurality of first metal ions in the glass substrate is exchanged with a plurality of second metal ions. [00129] As used herein, the terms "depth of exchange", "depth of layer" (DOL), "chemical depth of layer", and "depth of chemical layer" may be used interchangeably, describing in general the depth at which ion exchange facilitated by an ion exchange process (IOX) takes place for a particular ion. DOL refers to the depth within a glass article (i.e., the distance from a surface of the glass article to its interior region) at which an ion of a metal oxide or alkali metal oxide (e.g., the metal ion or alkali metal ion) diffuses into the glass article where the concentration of the ion reaches a minimum value, as determined by Glow Discharge - Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GD-OES)). In some implementations, the DOL is given as the depth of exchange of the slowest-diffusing or largest ion introduced by an ion exchange (IOX) process. DOL SP24-054 with respect to potassium (DOLK) is the depth at which the potassium content of the glass article reaches the potassium content of the underlying substrate. DOLsp as noted above refers to the depth of the CSk. It is noted that the terminology “DOL_Zero” is specific to SLP-2000 nomenclature discussed herein, which refers to depth of compression (DOC) and not DOL (e.g. DOLk or DOLsp) as discussed in this paragraph. Measurement Techniques [00130] Unless otherwise specified, CT and CS are expressed herein in megaPascals (MPa), thickness is expressed in millimeters, and DOC and DOL are expressed in microns (micrometers). EVANESCENT PRISM COUPLING [EPC] MEASUREMENTS [00131] For the examples herein, compressive stress (including surface/peak CS, CSmax) and CSk were measured according to U.S. Patent No. 11,703,500 entitled "METHODS OF CHARACTERIZING ION-EXCHANGED CHEMICALLY STRENGTHENED GLASSES CONTAINING LITHIUM," assigned to Corning Incorporated, Corning NY, which is incorporated here by reference in its entirety. These techniques use an EPC system, for example, a surface stress meter (FSM) commercially available as FSM-6000, manufactured by Orihara Industrial Co., Ltd. (Japan). For the examples herein, surface/peak stress and spike-DOL (DOLsp ) were measured based on a surface-stress meter FSM-6000 with measurement wavelength of 365 nm. The knee-stress CSk was measured using an EPC system such as FSM- 6000, but equipped with a narrowband LED light source at 640nm, such that the critical-angle (TIR) transition for each of the transverse-electric and the transverse- magnetic polarization states was well separated from any fringes, those of guided- modes occurring in the TIR region, and those for leaky modes occurring in the darker, partial-reflection region. Specifically for the examples herein, each of the TE and TM polarization states exhibited one guided mode (1 fringe in the corresponding TIR region) at 640 nm. For the same example, CSk measurements were also obtained on a NIR FSM-system at 790nm, also in a preferred-measurement window for CSk measurements as defined in U. S. Patent No. 11,703,500, and also exhibiting one fringe in the corresponding TIR region per polarization state, and showed excellent agreement with the CSk measurement results at 640nm. The aspect of critical SP24-054 importance is to choose a wavelength wherein the critical-angle transitions are not disturbed by presence of resonances (fringes) nearby on either side, and that the SOC at that specific preferred measurement wavelength is used in calculating the CSk. With difference ^்ெ ^^^௧ − ^்ா ^^^௧ in critical-angle effective index values for TM and TE polarization states determined from the shift between the critical-angle (TIR) transitions according to these requirements, the knee stress is given by the direct-CSk expression: [00132] For CS, also in accordance with U.S. Patent No. 11,703,500, a linear-spike approximation was used to calculate surface CS, according to which the surface CS is: [00133] where [00134] and , [00135] stands for the effective index of the lowest-order mode, corresponding to the first fringe that is farthest from the transition. stands for the effective index of the second mode, corresponding to the second fringe which is second-farthest from the transition. In the examples, there were only 2 fringes for TM and 2 fringes for TE at 365 nm, so there were no other modes. [00136] The coefficient of 1.317 in the above formula is different from the standard extrapolation in the traditional FSM-6000 software, which uses a coefficient of 0.9. The SP24-054 coefficient of 0.9 is between the 1.317 which corresponds to a linear extrapolation to the surface, and the coefficient of 0.75 which corresponds to an inverted half-parabola starting flat at the surface and curving down. The FSM-formula accordingly attempts to provide an approximate estimate for a variety of near-surface profiles where it makes a compromise such that the error is not too large for any of the profiles between the half-parabola and the linear. The issue is, when the spike is very steep and shallow, the error in CS can get to be quite large. In most cases in the context of Li glasses with state-of-the-art chemical strengthening, the linear approximation for the spike from the surface to the second fringe is more accurate and acceptable. [00137] DOLsp values were measured for the examples herein by a surface stress meter (FSM-6000). For the examples herein, the measurement wavelength was 365 nm, where more than 2 and less than 3 fringes in the upper (TM) fringe pattern (spectrum) were present, although it is not required in general that there be less than 3 fringes for a measurement of DOLsp for the purposes of the present invention. Surface stress measurements rely upon the use of an accurate value of the stress optical coefficient (SOC), which is related to the stress-induced birefringence of the glass. SOC in turn is measured according to Procedure C (Glass Disc Method) described in ASTM standard C770-16, entitled “Standard Test Method for Measurement of Glass Stress-Optical Coefficient,” the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. In the present disclosure, the SOC was measured at 546 nm following said ASTM standard. Then it was determined that the SOC at 365 nm was about 6% higher than the SOC at 546 nm, and the SOC at 640 nm was about 1% lower than the SOC at 546 nm, by comparing the CS profiles of specimens of the glass composition ion-exchanged with potassium and measured at wavelengths spanning the range 365 nm to 640 nm. Thus, for measurements of surface compressive stress at 365nm a stress-optic coefficient was used that was 6% higher than the coefficient measured at 546nm, and for the CSk measurement at 640nm, a stress-optic coefficient value was used that was 1% lower than the measured value at 546nm. [00138] In some implementations, reference to DOLsp is interchangeable with DOLk. SP24-054 SCATTERED LIGHT PHOTOELASTIC (SLP) MEASUREMENTS [00139] Measurement techniques by scattered light photoelastic (SLP) analysis were used herein for measuring various features of glass articles including, but not limited to: DOC, CT, retardation curve, total retardation, and tension area (TA). For example, a commercially-available SLP device is model SLP-2000 by Orihara Industrial Co., Ltd. (Japan). TA is a depth integral of tensile stress, over the tension zone, and by force-balance substantially equals the area of compressive stress of an article’s two compression regions combined when the in-plane dimensions of the sheet are orders of magnitude larger than the thickness. Profiles with higher TA tend to have higher compressive-stress integral. [00140] A tension zone (TZ) is a continuous region of depths through the thickness of a glass sheet where the in-plane stress is tensile. The breadth of the tension zone (BTZ) is the through-thickness extent of the tension zone. The tension area (TA) of a tension zone equals the depth-integral of the tensile stress over the depth-extent of said tension zone: [00141] If a glass sheet of thickness ^ has a single interior tension zone bounded on the outside by two compression regions extending from the two outer surfaces to depths of compression DOC1 and DOC2 measured respectively relative to those surfaces, respectively, then the TA is given by: ^^ = ∫௧ି^ை^మ ^ை^భ ^(^)^^ . [00142] Reference to “total retardation” is a difference between the maximum and the minimum of a retardation curve measured on the SLP-instrument and encompassing the entire region of tensile stress in the specimen (the tension zone). The tensile stress in the tension zone is the driver that changes the retardation between its minimum and its maximum, wherein the spatial derivative of the retardation is proportional to the local value of the stress. Thus, the so defined total retardation ends up being proportional to the integral of the tensile stress, e.g., to the TA. The thickness SP24-054 of the glass-article specimens was measured with a micrometer with a precision of 1^^. [00143] The inventive high-CSk stress profiles, revealed as advantageous through significant rigorous mechanical testing, are not a mere trade-off between increased compressive stress in a shallower region (10-20 ^^) and decreased compressive stress at deeper regions (above 100 ^^). Rather, these high-CSk profiles lead to significant strength benefit when the gain in integrated compressive stress at small and intermediate depths (up to about 100 ^^) significantly outweighs the reduction in integrated compressive stress at very large depths (such as above 100 ^^). For example, the inventive examples have 11-23% higher CSk than the comparative example, but have DOC reduction of only about 5%. While the difference between the inventive and the comparative examples can be visualized very clearly using RNF- based measurements having high spatial resolution and enhanced with smoothing and force-balancing techniques to improve the stress resolution, it is also possible to measure distinguishing aspects of the inventive stress profiles herein using a non- destructive method to improve characterization, including ease of practice and quality- control. One aspect is that the increase in compressive-stress area of the profiles herein compared to the prior art will tend to increase the tension-stress area through the requirement of force-balance. Increased tension-stress area typically tends to increase the frangibility risk, so the stress profiles herein are of a particular family where the shape of the profile in the tension zone is controlled to allow the increase in CSk and stress area without significantly increasing the tension energy and thus the frangibility risk. Therefore, it is desirable that the shape of the profile in the tension zone conform to the characterizations disclosed herein. At present, a broadly used tool for non-destructive stress-profile analysis, particularly of Li-containing glasses, in the cover-glass industry is the scattered-light photoelastic (SLP) stress meter SLP- 2000 manufactured by Orihara Industrial Co., Ltd. The performance specification of the standard SLP-2000 with operating light source wavelength of about 518 nm defines measurement precision of ±10 MPa for stress and ±5 microns for depth, for the portion of the stress profile exceeding the depth of 50 microns, and measurement accuracy for standard glass at ±20 MPa for compressive stress and ±10 microns for “DOL_Zero”, which stands for DOC (depth of compression, which is the depth where the stress changes from compressive to tensile). These standard-specification SP24-054 performance metrics of SLP-2000 are not adequate to distinguish the inventive high- performing profiles (without increased frangibility risk) from comparative prior-art examples that do not share the superior mechanical strength. Focusing on the post- processing, the measurement models provided with the SLP-2000 software (2018 version) for interpreting the captured retardation data from the scattered-light measurement do not provide explicit analysis of the tension-zone characteristics relevant to frangibility, apart from reporting DOC and CT, which do associate with the frangibility risk but in a complex way when the profile shape is allowed to vary. Furthermore, a significant effort is required to establish accuracy of calibration of the tensile stress measurement for SLP-based measurements. For example, it is common that different units of SLP-based instruments present calibration differences on the order of 5%. [00144] One aspect of the invention: a ratio ்^ ்^ ௧×^் or alternatively a ratio ^்^×^், can be measured with significantly reduced sensitivity to calibration error in SLP-2000. TA stands for tension area, or tensile-stress integral; t is the thickness, and PT stands for peak tension, BTZ stands for breadth of tension zone. A related aspect is the ratio ்^ ௧×^் or the ratio ்^ ^்^×^் , where CT is the center tension. In most cases when the profile is symmetric and obtained by ion exchange, CT coincides with PT. In the context of the present disclosure, CT will stand for the tension in the middle of the tension zone, which would normally be the mid-thickness of the specimen, but does not have to exactly coincide with the mid-thickness. With this choice of measurement location, mid-way between the two turning points of the retardation curve, it is easiest to determine which point on the tension-zone stress profile the CT corresponds to. The PT is the peak tensile stress in the tension zone, which is not ambivalent to identify. It is very common that CT and PT are the same, but it is not a requirement in general. [00145] To utilize the best available precision and spatial resolution from SLP-2000, measurements are performed using the shortest available laser wavelength with SLP- 2000, which is 405 nm. Even with a 405nm laser source, the present inventors have determined that the noise in the retardation curve, limited by laser-speckle noise in the spatial distribution of optical intensity in the images of the laser beam, is too high to allow precise determination of the essential profile-shape aspects with a single SP24-054 measurement (at least with instruments manufactured by year 2018). Thus, to achieve an accurate measure of the inventive aspects above, the present inventors recommend that 10 measurements of the retardation curve be obtained using SLP- 2000, wherein the glass-plate specimen is rotated slightly between measurements such that each measurement is representative of the stress in the same measurement area, but captures the specimen in a slightly different orientation than any of the other measurements. In this way, a different speckle-noise pattern drives a different retardation-noise pattern on the retardation curve. After all 10 measurements are completed and the retardation curves saved, an average retardation curve is obtained, featuring significantly reduced noise than the retardation noise of the individual retardation curves. If measurements are taken without rotating or moving the specimen, then the retardation-noise pattern of the different measurements will tend to be almost identical, and averaging the measurements does not reduce the speckle- limited retardation noise because the average noise pattern is almost identical to the individual-measurement noise pattern. If rotation of the specimen is not possible or not preferred (for example, if it is important not to average the stress over different orientations), then instead of rotating the specimen, it would be acceptable to simply shift the specimen slightly, just so the laser beam passes through a different sub- region of the specimen, still representative of the target region of interest. This is in most cases not difficult to achieve, because the SLP-2000 laser-beam diameter is usually less than 100 micrometers at 405nm, such that a shift of 100 micrometers would result in a different sub-region of the specimen being probed, and thus a completely different speckle-noise pattern, such that 10 different measurements would only require a total side-wise shift of 1 mm, which is usually a much smaller distance than the size of a region of interest where the stress profile is considered substantially non-changing. [00146] An example low-noise retardation curve, average of 10 measurements with rotation of the specimen between measurements, obtained from specimen representing Comparative Example A, discussed below, is shown in FIG. 6. The horizontal axis represents a spatial coordinate along the depth dimension, and is approximately equal to the depth measured from the surface, within the accuracy of identifying the precise location of the specimen surface on the retardation curve (typically comparable to the DOC-precision specification of ±5 ^^). The vertical axis SP24-054 shows the measured retardation (phase-difference) between the transverse-electric and the transverse-magnetic polarization states, in degrees. The continuous line represents said average retardation of 10 measurements. The two dashed lines, one near the peak of the retardation, another near the trough, represent local 4th-order polynomial fits to help determine a more precise location of the peak and trough of the retardation with sub-pixel resolution. The location of the peak and the trough were obtained from the positions of the local minimum/local maximum of the corresponding 4th-order local polynomial fits, evaluated on a dense depth grid with depth spacing of 0.05 microns. The so-obtained x-coordinates, or x-positions of the maximum and the minimum of the retardation, represent the locations where stress changes sign, e.g., from compressive stress to tensile stress, or vice-versa. When measured with respect to their nearest surface of the specimen, these locations would represent the corresponding depths of compression (DOCs) relative to said nearest surfaces. If the incidence angle of the laser beam inside the specimen, measured relative to the orientation normal to the specimen large surfaces, is substantially greater than about 80 degrees, then there may be a small deviation between the locations of the peak and trough of the retardation curve, and the locations where stress changes sign, but this is not the case in the examples in the present disclosure because the beam incidence angle inside the specimen is well below 80 degrees for both glass examples in the present disclosure. At very high beam angle, especially substantially above 80 degrees, effects of slightly different beam bending for transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic waves may lead to the need of more complicated analysis to keep the accuracy of measurement of the stress profile high [Reference: Siim Hodemann et al., “Gradient scattered light method for non-destructive stress profile determination in chemically strengthened glass”, J. Mater. Sci 51: 5962-5978 (2016)]. [00147] The spatial extent between the peak and the trough along the x direction represents the breadth of the tension zone, BTZ. [00148] The retardation difference between the peak and the trough is proportional to the integral of the tensile stress in the tension zone. The slope of the retardation curve (without the noise) at any point is proportional to the local stress. Thus, the slope at the mid-point between the peak and the trough location, is proportional to the CT, while SP24-054 the maximum slope occurring between the locations of the peak and the trough of the retardation is proportional to the PT. [00149] While retardation average of 10 measurement may have low-enough noise to directly determine the difference between maximum and minimum retardation with a precision adequate for the needed measurements, the determination of the slopes needed for the CT and the PT requires approximating the retardation curve with a noise-free retardation model or retardation fit, because numerical differentiation of noise-containing signals tends to drastically diminish the signal-to-noise ratio of the resulting derivative signal. For the purposes of precise measurements of the tension zone and its vicinity in the present disclosure, a fifth-order polynomial fit to a preferred sub-region of the retardation curve is applied (FIG.7). [00150] The sub-region contains the entire tension zone, and excludes at least the outermost 50 microns on either side of the specimen, as it is well understood that the retardation in the outermost 50 microns is not a straightforwardly accurate representation of a depth integral of the stress profile due to various effects of distortion that are beyond the scope of the present discussion. Furthermore, depending on the scattering intensity of the specimen-prism interfacing oil (liquid, fluid), the specimen-back-cover-interfacing oil, and the index mismatch between oil and glass, oil and prism, and the surface roughness of the glass specimen and the prism, the focusing condition of the beam, the rate of change of stress with depth, the rate of change of stress slope with depth, and the thickness of the specimen, some non-negligible degree of difference is present between the retardation in depth range 50-110 microns and a hypothetical perfect retardation that would have been exactly proportional to the depth integral of stress to a corresponding depth in that range. The difference (or error) typically diminishes with increasing depth, and is most often small enough by a depth of 110 microns unless the surface roughness is very significant and causes very bright surface scattering, corrupting the retardation signal corresponding to relatively large depths. Fitting the retardation signal at depths significantly smaller than the compression depth does not improve the accuracy with which the fit represents the retardation of the tension region. Thus, ensuring an accurate measurement of important aspects of the tension-zone stress profile such as the shape, preferably relies on fitting over the tension zone and only a small portion of the SP24-054 compression zone, nearest to the depth of compression. In the present examples with glass 9306, the excluded depth on either side of the specimen is about 98 microns, while the DOC is at least 115 microns. The fitting region extended at least 15 microns into the compression regions. In general, relatively bigger exclusion range is justified when DOC is bigger, which usually happens with thicker glass. To avoid corrupting the retardation to a large depth by significant back-surface scattering, the surface of the specimen on the back side where the laser beam exits the specimen should be covered with index-matching oil and with a backing glass sheet, because otherwise a very strong surface scattering would be present originating at the glass-air interface due to the large change in refractive index between glass and air. [00151] The fifth-order polynomial fit provides a noise-free representation of the retardation curve in the region of interest. Numerical or analytical differentiation of the best-fit fifth-order polynomial allows to determine the slope at the mid-point between the two stress zero-crossing points with relatively high accuracy. [00152] Defining the retardation slope associated with the center tension as [00153] where R is the retardation represented by the best-fit 5th-order polynomial, and ^(R^^௫) and ^(^^^^) are the positions of the maximum and minimum of the retardation curve, bounding the tension zone, as determined by the local 4th-order polynomial fits around the peak and trough of the average raw retardation, respectively; x is a coordinate along the depth direction through the thickness; [00154] also defining the retardation slope associated with the peak tension as [00155] With these definitions, the following two figures of merit of the inventive stress profile (tension-zone FOMs) that are relatively insensitive to stress-calibration error can be calculated as FOM1 and FOM2: SP24-054 [00156] where t is the thickness, as measured by a micrometer. The present inventors use the capital letter R and the Greek symbol interchangeably to represent retardation. It can be recognized by those skilled in the art that the FOM1 through FOM4 would not change if the retardation is expressed as optical-path difference in nm or in number of wavelengths, or as optical-phase difference. The present inventors use the symbol to mean retardation as optical-phase difference measured in degrees or radians, while R can be thought of the more generic representation of retardation, where it can be an optical-phase difference or an effective optical path- length difference. The values of R can be replaced with in the definitions of FOM1 through FOM4,.and the slopes of the retardation can be used as the slopes of R. [00157] Two other tension-zone figures of merit (FOM3 and FOM4) are also using the same measurements on the retardation curve, but with normalization to the breadth of the tension zone (BTZ); [00158] The fifth-order polynomial fitting is applied with respect to a through-thickness variable that has its origin (zero value) mid-way between the locations of the peak and the trough of the retardation. Due to the retardation curve being mostly anti-symmetric, the 5th-order polynomial fit would most effectively fit the retardation when it is applied in a region centered between the peak and the trough, e.g., with its origin between the peak and the trough. [00159] The above figures of merit are all dimensionless, driven by the profile shape in the tension zone. The higher the FOM value, the more uniform the tensile-stress distribution in the tension zone. FOM3 and FOM4 may be more convenient to use across multiple thicknesses because their upper bounds do not depend on the ratio ௧ . Rather, FOM4 is bounded from above by the value 1, and FOM3 is bound by SP24-054 approximately 1, assuming that CT is almost the same as PT, which is the case for most currently practical profiles. [00160] Measurement of CT and PT using SLP2000. To ensure high fracture resistance and to avoid frangibility when it is problematic, it is important to have as accurate measurement of tensile stress by SLP2000 as possible, which requires as accurate instrument calibration as possible. To achieve this, it is necessary to supply the SLP2000 software with accurate values for the prism index and the measured- glass index at the measurement wavelength, as well as an accurate value for the stress-optic coefficient (SOC) of the measured glass at the measurement wavelength. It is also important, when using the calibration specimens for depth and stress calibration provided by the SLP2000 manufacturer (Orihara Industrial Co. Ltd.), to ensure that the correct calibration values of the calibration specimens at the measurement wavelength are supplied. These include the “depth standard glass” for “DOL_zero” (Depth value) and “Stress standard glass” for surface CS (Stress value). There are three calibration coefficients provided in the 2018 version of the SLP2000 software, one for Depth Correction, one for Stress correction (CS correction), and one for “Deep Stress correction”. When the retardation curve in the tension zone gives an accurate representation of the depth integral of the stress profile in the tension zone, then the “deep stress correction” calibration coefficient needs to be equal or approximately equal to the “stress correction” coefficient, otherwise the stress profile would get distorted by the application of deep-stress correction. It is also the case that when “deep stress correction” is not set to the same value as “stress correction”, then the stress-profile shape changes depending on the depth to which the deep stress correction refers (the deep stress correction value is supposed to be applied to a particular depth). Thus, it is best to keep the deep stress correction factor the same as the CS stress correction factor, to avoid unexpected distortions of the profile. [00161] In the SLP2000 instrument used by the inventors, performing depth calibration using the depth calibration specimen resulted in a depth correction coefficient very close to 1, usually between 0.99 and 1.0, so the present inventors kept the value of the depth correction coefficient at 1. The compressive-stress calibration, applied multiple times over many days, had average values ranging from about 1.038 to about 1.048. Each of these calibration values was obtained after measuring the SP24-054 calibration specimen 10 times, and obtaining an average of the 10 CS values to represent the calibration measurement value. The present inventors set the stress correction coefficient at 1.04. Furthermore, since the retardation curve was resulting in a relatively symmetric stress profile, the “deep stress correction” was set to the same value as the stress correction. [00162] The center tension of the profile for the following examples was then obtained by performing 10 measurements with slightly different orientations of the specimen, and for each measurement using the 6th-order polynomial fit provided in the SLP2000 software, restricting the region of fitting to the interior of the specimen, excluding the outermost 70-80 micrometers on either side of the specimen. It was determined that despite the relatively high retardation noise in individual measurements, averaging the CT of 10 measurements with different specimen orientations produced a value that was nearly identical to the CT that is obtained after averaging all the 10 retardations first and then performing a fit to calculate the CT. Hence, for the purposes of determining the CT of the profile, it is adequate to average the CT of 10 measurements with slightly different orientations or positions, as explained earlier, taking advantage of the 6th-order polynomial fit utility in the SLP2000 software. Glass Articles with 2.5D Configurations [00163] Glass articles herein have stress profiles that are designed to have improved edge strength, in particular improved strength in transition regions of articles having 2.5D configurations. Compressive stress at the knee (CSk) was determined as a driver to improve transition region strength. Experiments were carried out to boost CSk mainly by increasing sodium (Na) concentration, reducing lithium (Li) concentration and shortening ion exchange duration, and remaining in a safe zone in terms of frangible risk. Mechanical tests including face drop, 2D slapper and scratch were used to evaluate the samples from high CSk recipes. [00164] FIG.4 provides a schematic depiction of a transverse cross-section of a 2.5D glass article 400. In one or more implementations, the glass article having the 2.5D configuration is a mobile device cover glass. The glass article 400 comprises an article body 416 and a transition region 418. Back corners 402 are at an intersection of a back surface 412 and the transition region 418. The back surface 412 spans between SP24-054 the back corners 402. Edge surfaces 408 span between first corners 404 of the edge surfaces 408 and second corners 406 of the edge surfaces 408, having an edge thickness te. Intersections 414 denote where the article body 416 having a thickness t meets the transition region 418 having a varying thickness from each respective intersection 414 to the back corner 402. The article body 416 spans between the intersections 414 and to the corresponding portions of the opposing back surface 412. The article body 416 has a face surface 410. The edge thickness te of the edge surface 408 is thinner than a thickness tb of the article body 416 spanning from the face surface 410 to the back surface 412. [00165] Damage introduction to the edge or transition region may be conducted according to concurrently-filed patent application entitled “MECHANICAL TESTING OF A GLASS SPECIMEN HAVING A 2.5D CONFIGURATION,” assigned to Corning Incorporated, Corning NY, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, followed by retained strength testing, using a 3-point bend test. For facilitating introducing damage to a glass article having a 2.5D configuration in a precise manner, specific locations of the glass article are identified so that the apparatuses herein can accommodate 2.5D specimens of any size and shape. FIG.4 is annotated accordingly as follows. An x-y axis is provided for reference. For this implementation, for illustration purposes, the back corners 402 are located at y=0, and are annotated as 'a'. The first corner edges 404 are located at position 'b' with respect to the y-axis. The second corner edges 406 are located at position 'c1.b' with respect to the y-axis, and at position 'c1' with respect to the x-axis. The intersections 414 are annotated as 'd' with respect to the x-axis. Location 'c2' is half-way between 'c1' and 'd'. The specimen body thickness t is in the “y” direction from 'a' to D, which is any position on the specimen body, where y=t. Location A is half-way between 'a' and 'b'. Location B is half-way between 'b' and 'c.1b'. [00166] Location C1 is half-way between 'c1' and 'c2', which may be referred to as contact location. In one or more implementations, preferably C1 is a location of the transition region 418 of the glass specimen 400 that contacts an impact surface of a damage introducing apparatus during use. Location C1 can be in different physical locations depending on glass design, and is consistently defined among different designs in terms of edge surface corners and where the transition region begins SP24-054 relative to the specimen body. Such apparatuses have the ability to change impact angle and off-set angles, are designed to accommodate different designs so that location C1 is reliably and repeatably contacted upon impact. [00167] Location C2 is half-way between 'd' and 'c2'. C2 could also serve as a location of the transition region 418 of the glass specimen 400 that contacts an impact surface of a damage introducing apparatus during use, namely a contact location, depending on the design and/or information sought. [00168] Location D is any location on the face surface 410 of the specimen body 416. Location D is another location, which is outside of the transition region, suitable for damage introduction depending on the design and/or information sought. [00169] FIG. 15 is an isometric view of an apparatus 600 for introducing damage to a glass specimen having a 2.5D configuration according to the application entitled “MECHANICAL TESTING OF A GLASS SPECIMEN HAVING A 2.5D CONFIGURATION”. An x-y-z axis is provided for reference. An arm 604 has a first end (not shown) to which a bob 606 is affixed. The bob 606 comprises a holder 620 having a holder face 622, also referred to as a front face. The holder 620 is configured to secure the glass specimen to the arm 604 during use. The arm 604 has an equilibrium position, e.g., when the arm 604 is freely hanging down from the rotary shaft and is at rest, and a release angle ^ is greater than zero from the equilibrium position. A rotary shaft 608 is affixed to a post 610. A second end 605b of the arm 604 is attached to the rotary shaft 608 such that the bob 606, and similarly, the holder 620, is pivotable relative to the rotary shaft 608, and that the arm 604 is adjustable relative to the rotary shaft 608. An arm adjuster 624, for example, a nut and bolt combination, attaches the arm 604 to the rotary shaft 608, and allows for adjustment to positioning of the arm 604, and likewise to positioning of the holder 620 and the holder face 622, relative to an impact object 612, and in particular, to an impact surface 614. [00170] The impact object 612 is attached to an apparatus base 618. In this implementation, the impact object 612 is attached to the apparatus base 618 by way of an impact object mount 616. The impact object 612 is positioned with respect to the holder 620. The impact object 612 comprises the impact surface 614 comprising SP24-054 an angled edge of a triangular prism, the angled edge having an angle 614a. In one or more implementations, the angled edge is 45°. In one or more implementations, the impact surface 614 comprises a roughened surface, for example, an abrasive sheet, for example, sandpaper, e.g., 60-grit sandpaper. In use, the arm 604 positions the glass specimen relative to the impact object 612 such that when the holder 620 is released from a position at an angle greater than zero from the equilibrium position, namely the release angle ^, the holder 620 moves toward the impact object 612 at an impact angle φ that is greater than 0°. A contact location of the transition region of the glass specimen contacts the impact surface 614 when the holder 620 reaches the equilibrium position. In one or more implementations, damage is introduced along the short edge of the glass specimen. [00171] In FIG. 15, the impact object 612 is adjustable on the impact object mount 616 to change positioning of the impact object 612, and in particular, to the impact surface 614, relative to the glass specimen, in particular, to an impact location of the glass specimen. The impact object mount 616 comprises a transverse position slot 630 and a longitudinal position slot 632, which facilitate adjustment to location of the impact surface 614. [00172] In FIG. 15, the impact object mount 616 is adjustable on the apparatus base 618 to change positioning of the impact object 612, and in particular, to the impact surface 614, relative to the equilibrium position and likewise to the release angle of the holder 620. The impact object mount 616 comprises one or more transverse channels 634 and one or more longitudinal channels 636. A first mount position adjuster 626 is movable in one of the transverse channels 634 to secure the impact object mount 616 in a desired position transverse to the apparatus base 618. A second mount position adjuster 628 is movable in one of the longitudinal channels 636 to secure the impact object mount 616 in a desired position longitudinal to the apparatus base 618. Longitudinal bores 638 also are available for positioning the impact object mount 616 on the apparatus base 618. [00173] Contact of the glass specimen against an impact object is achieved by moving the bob away from an equilibrium position and releasing such that sharp contact damage is introduced. An impact angle φ and off-set angles of the apparatus (α,β), discussed in detail with respect to FIG. 13, accommodate 2.5D and 3D SP24-054 configurations such that contact is achieved at a desired location of the glass specimen in a repeatable way. [00174] In FIG. 16, provided is a top plan view of a portion 801 of an apparatus for introducing damage to a glass specimen having a 2.5D configuration and analogous to FIG.15. A specimen holder 820 is attached to an arm 804 at a first end opposite a second end 805b of the arm 804. The holder 820 has a holder face 822, also referred to as a front face. A rotary shaft 808 is affixed to a post 810. The second end 805b of the arm 804 is attached to the rotary shaft 808 such that the holder 820 is pivotable relative to the rotary shaft 808, and that the arm 804 is adjustable relative to the rotary shaft 808. An arm adjuster 824, for example, a nut and bolt combination, attaches the arm 804 to the rotary shaft 808, and allows for adjustment to positioning of the arm 804, and likewise to positioning of the holder 820 and the holder face 822, relative to an impact object 812, and in particular, to an impact surface 814. [00175] The impact object 812 is attached to an apparatus base 818. In this implementation, the impact object 812 is attached to the apparatus base 818 by way of an impact object mount 816. The impact object 812 is positioned with respect to the holder 820. The impact object 812 comprises the impact surface 814 comprising an angled edge of a triangular prism. In use, the arm 804 positions the glass specimen relative to the impact object 812 such that when the holder 820 is released from a position at an angle greater than zero from the equilibrium position, namely the release angle ^, the holder 820 moves toward the impact object 812 at an impact angle φ that is greater than 0°. In use, a location of the transition region of the glass specimen contacts the impact surface 814. The impact angle φ is defined as the angle between the impact surface 814 and the holder face 822, which is in the absence of the glass specimen. In turn, the impact angle φ corresponds to the angle between the impact surface and a face surface of the specimen body, when the specimen is present. [00176] In one or more implementations, the front face of the holder, or holder face, 822 is off-set from the rotary shaft 808 at a first off-set angle α. The first off-set angle α is defined as the angle between an edge surface 808e of the rotary shaft 808 and the holder face 822, which is in the absence of the glass specimen. In one or more implementations, an edge of the impact object 812e is off-set from a perpendicular of the rotary shaft 808 at a second off-set angle β. That is, the second off-set angle β is SP24-054 defined as the angle between a perpendicular of an edge surface 808e of the rotary shaft 808 and an edge surface of the impact object 812e that is perpendicular to the impact surface 814. [00177] The impact angle φ of the apparatus is a difference between a first off-set angle α of the front face of the holder relative to the rotary shaft and a second off-set angle β of an edge of the impact object perpendicular to the impact surface relative to the rotary shaft. General Overview of Properties of Glass Articles [00178] Implementations herein include glass articles having high-CSk stress profiles and advantageous strength benefit when the gain in integrated compressive stress at small and intermediate depths (up to about 100 ^^) significantly outweighs the reduction in integrated compressive stress at very large depths (such as above 100 ^^). [00179] Implementations herein include glass articles having: a lithium aluminosilicate composition; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body of the article having a body thickness (tb); a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk); a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC); a central tension (CT); and one or more features representing benefits related to gains in integrated compressive stress, including but not limited to various figures of merit as defined herein: FOM1, FOM2, FOM3, and FOM4. [00180] Reference will now be made in detail to lithium aluminosilicate glasses and scratch resistance according to various implementations. Alkali aluminosilicate glasses have good ion exchangeability, and chemical strengthening processes have been used to achieve high strength and high toughness properties in alkali aluminosilicate glasses. Sodium aluminosilicate glasses are highly ion exchangeable glasses with high glass formability and quality. Lithium aluminosilicate glasses are highly ion exchangeable glasses with high glass quality. The substitution of Al2O3 into the silicate glass network increases the inter-diffusivity of monovalent cations during ion exchange. By chemical strengthening in a molten salt bath (e.g., KNO3 or NaNO3), glasses with high strength, high toughness, and high indentation cracking resistance SP24-054 can be achieved. The stress profiles achieved through chemical strengthening may have a variety of shapes that increase the drop performance, strength, toughness, and other attributes of the glass articles as well as improved scratch resistance. [00181] Therefore, lithium aluminosilicate glasses with good physical properties, chemical durability, and ion exchangeability have drawn attention for use as cover glass. Through different ion exchange processes, greater central tension (CT), depth of compression (DOC), and high compressive stress (CS) can be achieved. The stress profiles described herein provide increased fracture resistance for lithium containing glass articles. [00182] In implementations of glass compositions described herein, the concentration of constituent components (e.g., SiO2, Al2O3, Li2O, and the like) are given in mole percent (mol%) on an oxide basis, unless otherwise specified. It should be understood that any of the variously recited ranges of one component may be individually combined with any of the variously recited ranges for any other component. [00183] In the glass articles, there is an alkali metal oxide having a non-zero concentration that varies from one or both of first and second surfaces to a depth of layer (DOL) with respect to the metal oxide. A stress profile is generated due to the non-zero concentration of the metal oxide(s) that varies from the first surface. The non-zero concentration may vary along a portion of the article thickness. In some implementations, the concentration of the alkali metal oxide is non-zero and varies, both along a thickness range from about 0•t to about 0.3•t. In some implementations, the concentration of the alkali metal oxide is non-zero and varies along a thickness range from about 0•t to about 0.35•t, from about 0•t to about 0.4•t, from about 0•t to about 0.45•t, from about 0•t to about 0.48•t, or from about 0•t to about 0.50•t. The variation in concentration may be continuous along the above-referenced thickness ranges. Variation in concentration may include a change in metal oxide concentration of about 0.2 mol % or more along a thickness segment of about 100 micrometers. The change in metal oxide concentration may be about 0.3 mol % or more, about 0.4 mol % or more, or about 0.5 mol % or more along a thickness segment of about 100 micrometers. This change may be measured by known methods in the art including microprobe. SP24-054 [00184] In some implementations, the variation in concentration may be continuous along thickness segments in the range from about 10 micrometers to about 30 micrometers. In some implementations, the concentration of the alkali metal oxide decreases from the first surface to a value between the first surface and the second surface and increases from the value to the second surface. [00185] The concentration of alkali metal oxide may include more than one metal oxide (e.g., a combination of Na2O and K2O). In some implementations, where two metal oxides are utilized and where the radius of the ions differ from one or another, the concentration of ions having a larger radius is greater than the concentration of ions having a smaller radius at shallow depths, while at deeper depths, the concentration of ions having a smaller radius is greater than the concentration of ions having larger radius. [00186] In one or more implementations, the alkali metal oxide concentration gradient extends through a substantial portion of the thickness t of the article. In some implementations, the concentration of the metal oxide may be about 0.5 mol% or greater (e.g., about 1 mol% or greater) along the entire thickness of the first and/or second section, and is greatest at a first surface and/or a second surface 0•t and decreases substantially constantly to a value between the first and second surfaces. At that value, the concentration of the metal oxide is the least along the entire thickness t; however the concentration is also non-zero at that point. In other words, the non- zero concentration of that particular metal oxide extends along a substantial portion of the thickness t (as described herein) or the entire thickness t. The total concentration of the particular metal oxide in the glass article may be in the range from about 1 mol% to about 20 mol%. [00187] The concentration of the alkali metal oxide may be determined from a baseline amount of the metal oxide in the glass substrate ion exchanged to form the glass article. [00188] In one or more implementations, the glass articles comprise: a body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.25 mm to less than or equal to 1.0 mm, and all values and subranges therebetween, including: greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.75 mm, and greater than or equal to 0.55 mm to less than or SP24-054 equal to 0.8 mm; greater than or equal to 0.25 mm, greater than or equal to 0.3 mm, greater than or equal to 0.35 mm, greater than or equal to 0.4 mm, greater than or equal to 0.45 mm, or greater than or equal to 0.49 mm, and/or less than or equal to 0.64 mm, less than or equal to 0.67 mm, less than or equal to 0.70 mm, less than or equal to 0.75 mm, less than or equal to 0.80 mm, or less than or equal to 1.0 mm. [00189] In one or more implementations, the glass articles comprise: a breadth of tension zone (BTZ)/body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.56 to less than or equal to 0.7, and all values and subranges therebetween, including: greater than or equal to 0.564, greater than or equal to 0.57, or greater than or equal to 0.58, and/or less than or equal to 0.7, less than or equal to 0.68, less than or equal to 0.66, less than or equal to 0.64, less than or equal to 0.62, or less than or equal to 0.6. [00190] In one or more implementations, the glass articles comprise a depth of compression (DOC) that is greater than or equal to 0.17^tb, or greater than or equal to 0.18^tb, greater than or equal to 0.19^tb, greater than or equal to 0.20^tb, greater than or equal to 0.21^tb and/or less than or equal to 0.25^tb. [00191] In one or more implementations, the glass articles comprise: a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 180 MPa, including greater than or equal to 185 MPa, greater than or equal to 190 MPa, greater than or equal to 195 MPa, greater than or equal to 200 MPa and/or less than or equal to 225 MPa, less than or equal to 245 MPa, less than or equal to 250 MPa, less than or equal to 300 MPa. [00192] In one or more implementations, the glass article comprises: a spike depth of layer (DOLsp) that is greater than or equal to 3.5 micrometers, greater than or equal to 4.0 micrometers, greater than or equal to 4.2 micrometers, greater than or equal to 4.5 micrometers; and/or less than or equal to 4.9 micrometers, less than or equal to 5.0 micrometers, less than or equal to 6 micrometers, less than or equal to 7 micrometers, less than or equal to 8 micrometers, including all values and subranges therebetween. [00193] In one or more implementations, the glass article comprises: a depth of compression (DOC) that is greater than or equal to 95 micrometers, greater than or equal to 100 micrometers, greater than or equal to 115 micrometers, greater than or SP24-054 equal to 120 micrometers, including all values and subranges therebetween. In another implementation, when the tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.50 millimeters and less than or equal to 0.68 millimeters, the DOC is greater than or equal to 95 micrometers, greater than or equal to 100 micrometers, greater than or equal to 115 micrometers, greater than or equal to 120 micrometers, including all values and subranges therebetween. [00194] In one or more implementations, the glass article comprises: a peak compressive stress (CSmax) that is greater than or equal to 500 MPa, greater than or equal to 550 MPa, greater than or equal to 600 MPa, greater than or equal to 650 MPa, greater than or equal to 700 MPa, greater than or equal to 750 MPa, and/or less than or equal to 760 MPa, less than or equal to 770 MPa, less than or equal to 780 MPa, less than or equal to 790 MPa, greater than or equal to 800 MPa, including all values and subranges therebetween. [00195] In one or more implementations, the glass article comprises: a FOM1 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*central tension (CT)) of greater than or equal to 0.400 to less than or equal to 0.680, including all values and subranges therebetween, including greater than or equal to 0.410, greater than or equal to 0.420, greater than or equal to 0.425, or greater than or equal to 0.430. [00196] In one or more implementations, the glass article comprises: a FOM2 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*peak tension (PT)) of greater than or equal to 0.400 to less than or equal to 0.680, including all values and subranges therebetween, including greater than or equal to 0.410, greater than or equal to 0.420, greater than or equal to 0.425, or greater than or equal to 0.430. [00197] In one or more implementations, the glass article comprises: a FOM3 value defined by defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*breadth tension zone (BTZ)*CT) of greater than or equal to 0.700 to less than 1.00, including all values and subranges therebetween, including greater than or equal to 0.710, greater than or equal to 0.720, greater than or equal to 0.730, greater than or equal to 0.740, greater than or equal to 0.750, or greater than or equal to 0.760. [00198] In one or more implementations, the glass article comprises: a FOM4 value defined by defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*breadth tension zone (BTZ)*PT) of greater SP24-054 than or equal to 0.700 to less than 1.00, including all values and subranges therebetween, including greater than or equal to 0.710, greater than or equal to 0.720, greater than or equal to 0.730, greater than or equal to 0.740, greater than or equal to 0.750, or greater than or equal to 0.760. [00199] In one or more implementations, the glass article comprises: a peak tension (PT) such that a value of PT*^^^ is less than or equal to 110 MPa√^^, including less than or equal to 100 MPa√^^, including less than or equal to 95 MPa√^^, and/or greater than or equal to 71 MPa√^^, greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^, or greater than or equal to 80 MPa√^^. [00200] In one or more implementations, the glass article comprises: a peak tension (PT) that is greater than or equal to 90 MPa, greater than or equal to 92 MPa, or greater than or equal to 100, or greater than or equal to 110 MPa. [00201] In one or more implementations, for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.55 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, PT*^^^ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^, or greater than or equal to 76.5 MPa√^^, or greater than or equal to 77 MPa√^^. Accordingly, in one or more implementations, a lower limit for PT is: 103 MPa for 0.55 mm tb, 99 MPa for 0.60 mm tb, 95 MPa for 0.65 mm tb, 91.4 MPa for 0.70 mm tb, 88.3 for 0.75 mm tb, and 85.5 MPa for 0.8mm tb. [00202] In one or more implementations, for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.72 mm, PT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa and/or CT*^^^ that is greater than or equal to 71 MPa√^^. [00203] In one or more implementations, for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than 0.72 mm, PT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa; and for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.72 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, PT*^^^ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^. [00204] In one or more implementations, the glass article comprises: a central tension (CT) such that a value of CT*^^^ is less than or equal to 110 MPa√^^, including less than or equal to 100 MPa√^^, including less than or equal to 95 MPa√^^, and/or SP24-054 greater than or equal to 71 MPa√^^, greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^, or greater than or equal to 80 MPa√^^. [00205] In one or more implementations, the glass article comprises: a central tension (CT) that is greater than or equal to 90 MPa, greater than or equal to 92 MPa, or greater than or equal to 100, or greater than or equal to 110 MPa. [00206] In one or more implementations, for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.55 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, is greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^, or greater than or equal to 76.5 MPa√^^, or greater than or equal to 77 MPa√^^. Accordingly, in one or more implementations, a lower limit for CT is: 103 MPa for 0.55 mm tb, 99 MPa for 0.60 mm tb, 95 MPa for 0.65 mm tb, 91.4 MPa for 0.70 mm tb, 88.3 for 0.75 mm tb, and 85.5 MPa for 0.8mm tb. [00207] In one or more implementations, for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.72 mm, CT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa and/or CT*^^^ that is greater than or equal to 71 MPa√^^. [00208] In one or more implementations, for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than 0.72 mm, CT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa; and for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.72 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, CT*^^^ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^. Glass Substrates [00209] Examples of glasses that may be used as substrates may include alkali- alumino silicate glass compositions or alkali-containing aluminoborosilicate glass compositions, though other glass compositions are contemplated. Specific examples of glass substrates that may be used include but are not limited to an alkali-alumino silicate glass, an alkali-containing borosilicate glass, an alkali-alumino borosilicate glass, an alkali-containing lithium alumino silicate glass, or an alkali-containing phosphate glass. The glass substrates have base compositions that may be characterized as ion exchangeable. As used herein, "ion exchangeable" means that a substrate comprising the composition is capable of exchanging cations located at or SP24-054 near the surface of the substrate with cations of the same valence that are either larger or smaller in size. [00210] In one or more implementations, glass substrates may include a lithium- containing aluminosilicate. [00211] In implementations, the glass substrates may be formed from any composition capable of forming the stress profiles. In some implementations, the glass substrates may be formed from the glass compositions described in U.S. Application No.16/202,691 titled “Glasses with Low Excess Modifier Content,” filed November 28, 2018, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. In some implementations, the glass articles may be formed from the glass compositions described in U.S. Application No. 16/202,767 titled “Ion-Exchangeable Mixed Alkali Aluminosilicate Glasses,” filed November 28, 2018, the entirety of which is incorporated herein by reference. [00212] The glass substrates may be characterized by the manner in which it may be formed. For instance, the glass substrates may be characterized as float-formable (i.e., formed by a float process), down-drawable and, in particular, fusion-formable or slot-drawable (i.e., formed by a down draw process such as a fusion draw process or a slot draw process). In implementations, the glass substrates may be roll formed. [00213] Some implementations of the glass substrates described herein may be formed by a down-draw process. Down-draw processes produce glass substrates having a uniform thickness that possess relatively pristine surfaces. Because the average flexural strength of the glass article is controlled by the amount and size of surface flaws, a pristine surface that has had minimal contact has a higher initial strength. In addition, down drawn glass articles have a very flat, smooth surface that can be used in its final application without costly grinding and polishing. [00214] Some implementations of the glass substrates may be described as fusion- formable (i.e., formable using a fusion draw process). The fusion process uses a drawing tank that has a channel for accepting molten glass raw material. The channel has weirs that are open at the top along the length of the channel on both sides of the channel. When the channel fills with molten material, the molten glass overflows the weirs. Due to gravity, the molten glass flows down the outside surfaces of the drawing SP24-054 tank as two flowing glass films. These outside surfaces of the drawing tank extend down and inwardly so that they join at an edge below the drawing tank. The two flowing glass films join at this edge to fuse and form a single flowing glass article. The fusion draw method offers the advantage that, because the two glass films flowing over the channel fuse together, neither of the outside surfaces of the resulting glass article comes in contact with any part of the apparatus. Thus, the surface properties of the fusion drawn glass article are not affected by such contact. [00215] Some implementations of the glass substrates described herein may be formed by a slot draw process. The slot draw process is distinct from the fusion draw method. In slot draw processes, the molten raw material glass is provided to a drawing tank. The bottom of the drawing tank has an open slot with a nozzle that extends the length of the slot. The molten glass flows through the slot/nozzle and is drawn downward as a continuous glass article and into an annealing region. [00216] In an implementation, a base composition comprises: 9.39-25 mol % alumina (Al2O3), 0.1-20 mol % sodium oxide (Na2O), and up to 9.01 mol % boron oxide (B2O3), and at least one alkaline earth metal oxide, wherein 15 mol %≦(R2O+R′O—Al2O3 — ZrO2)—B2O3 ≦2 mol%, where R is Na and optionally one or more of Li, K, Rb, and Cs, and R′ is one or more of Mg, Ca, Sr, and Ba. [00217] In one or more implementations, the glass substrates described herein may exhibit an amorphous microstructure and may be substantially free of crystals or crystallites. In other words, the glass-base substrates articles exclude glass-ceramic materials in some implementations. Ion Exchange (IOX) Treatment [00218] Chemical strengthening of glass substrates having base compositions is done by placing the ion-exchangeable glass substrates in a molten bath containing cations (e.g., K+, Na+, Ag+, etc) that diffuse into the glass while the smaller alkali ions (e.g., Na+, Li+) of the glass diffuse out into the molten bath. The replacement of the smaller cations by larger ones creates compressive stresses near the top surface of glass. Tensile stresses are generated in the interior of the glass to balance the near- surface compressive stresses. SP24-054 [00219] In one or more implementations, a method of making a glass article having a 2.5D configuration comprises: exposing a glass substrate having a 2.5D configuration to a single ion exchange (SIOX) bath to achieve a desired stress profile. The glass article comprises a lithium aluminosilicate composition and opposing first and second surfaces defining a body and a transition region terminating at an edge, the body having a body thickness (tb), the transition region having a narrowing thickness from the body to a transition region edge having a thickness (te). In implementations, the SIOX bath comprises: a potassium nitrate content in a range of 88-92 weight percent, a sodium nitrate content in a range of 9-11 weight percent, and a lithium nitrate content in a range of 0.3-0.5 weight percent. In some implementations, there is a proviso that a total of the potassium nitrate content, the sodium nitrate content, and the lithium nitrate content is 100% by weight. [00220] In one or more implementations, the methods achieve characteristics according to any aspects disclosed herein. End Products [00221] The glass articles disclosed herein may be incorporated into another article such as an article with a display (or display articles) (e.g., consumer electronics, including mobile phones, tablets, computers, navigation systems, and the like), architectural articles, transportation articles (e.g., automobiles, trains, aircraft, sea craft, etc.), appliance articles, or any article that requires some transparency, scratch- resistance, abrasion resistance or a combination thereof. An exemplary article incorporating any of the glass articles disclosed herein is shown in FIGS.2A and 2B. Specifically, FIGS. 2A and 2B show a consumer electronic device 200 including a housing 202 having front 204, back 206, and side surfaces 208; electrical components (not shown) that are at least partially inside or entirely within the housing and including at least a controller, a memory, and a display 210 at or adjacent to the front surface of the housing; and a cover 212 at or over the front surface of the housing such that it is over the display. In some implementations, the cover 212 and/or housing 202 may include any of the glass articles disclosed herein. SP24-054 EXAMPLES [00222] Various implementations will be further clarified by the following examples. [00223] Glass substrates having a 2.5D configuration and including Composition I or Composition II were ion exchanged under various conditions in single ion exchange (SIOX) baths, summarized in Table 1. The goals were: prepare articles having higher CSk compared to the comparative articles in order to maximize compressive-stress area and stay away from frangibility limit (increasing the concentration of Na in molten salt bath, reducing the concentration of Li or a combination of both were utilized to achieve this goal); and shorten ion exchange (IOX) treatment time so that the thinned edge area of the 2.5D configuration would not significantly pass its peak-CT point of chemical strengthening. [00224] As shown in FIG. 4, the edge surface 408 of the 2.5D geometry has an edge thickness te that is thinner than a thickness tb of the article body 416 spanning from the face surface 410 to the back surface 412. During ion-exchange processes, the thinner part tends to reach maximum or peak CT sooner than the thicker part. Once it passes peak-CT ion-exchange time, the CT begins to decrease, and by then the compressive-stress area of the local stress profile is also decreasing for at least one component of the compressive stress that is parallel to the local surface. Without intending to be bound by theory, the comparative recipes generally provided approximately peak CT in the non-edge area (thicker). But for the edge area (thinner), the comparative recipes “over-ion-exchanged” the edge and the CT in the thinner edge area decreased after passing through peak-CT. Therefore, the ability to resist physical damage at the thinner edge area deteriorates as a result of relatively low compressive stress at the edge for at least one component of stress due to “over-ion-exchange” of the thinner near-edge region. [00225] Compositions I and II had the following compositions. Composition I: 17.83 mol % Al2O3, 6.11 mol % B2O3, 4.41 mol % MgO, 1.73 mol % Na2O, 58.39 mol % SiO2, 0.08 mol % SnO2, 0.18 mol % K2O, 0.02 mol % Fe2O3, 0.58 mol % CaO, and 10.66 mol % Li2O (0.00 mol % SrO, 0.00 mol % ZnO, and 0.00 mol % P2O5); and a Na2O/Li2O molar ratio of 0.16. Composition II: 15.37 mol % Al2O3, 6.00 mol % B2O3, 1.92 mol % MgO, 1.59 mol % Na2O, 61.04 mol % SiO2, 0.07 mol % K2O, 0.02 mol % SP24-054 Fe2O3, 9.73 mol % Li2O, 4.22 mol % CaO, 0.0129 mol % Cr2O3, 0.0017 mol % Co3O4, and 0.0008 mol % CuO (0.00 mol % SnO2, 0.00 mol % SrO, 0.00 mol % P2O5, 0.00 mol % ZnO); and a Na2O/Li2O molar ratio of 0.16. [00226] The articles of the examples were analyzed for their stress profiles. Edge or transition areas of these articles were also subjected to damage introduction according to concurrently-filed patent application entitled “MECHANICAL TESTING OF A GLASS SPECIMEN HAVING A 2.5D CONFIGURATION,” assigned to Corning Incorporated, Corning NY, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety, followed by retained strength testing, using a 3-point bend test. For each specimen, the following operations were conducted. The glass specimen was loaded into the holder (e.g., 620 of FIG.6) by taping the back face (412 of FIG.4) of the specimen to the holder face (e.g., 622 of FIG.12) such that the front face (410 of FIG.4) is oriented towards the impact surface (e.g., 614 of FIG. 12). The impact surface included a roughened surface feature. The roughened surface feature was an abrasive sheet of sandpaper that was adhesively bonded to the impact surface. For example, the sandpaper was a 60-grit Al-O abrasive surface. The impact surface was an angled edge of a triangular prism. The angled edge had an angle of 45° corner, having a 2- mm radius. This radius allowed for effective contact between the adhesive-bonded sandpaper, used for damage introduction to the sample, and the impact surface while also concentrating the surface particle(s) on the transition region at contact location C1 (of FIG.4). With reference to FIG.13, a first off-set angle α (front face of the holder off-set from the rotary shaft) was 24° and a second off-set angle β (an edge of the impact object perpendicular to the impact surface off-set from a perpendicular to the rotary shaft) was 24°. Once the glass specimen was loaded into the holder, the swing arm (604 of FIG.12) was released from a 15° angular position corresponding to an impact energy of about 0.05J, dropping the glass spline onto a 60-grit Al-O abrasive surface to create damage. [00227] Table 1 provides a summary of the example preparations. The articles prepared according to the SIOX conditions of Table 1 yielded non-frangible articles. SP24-054 Table 1 [00228] Table 2 provides a summary of CSk, DOLsp, and CS measured as discussed above with respect to EPC measurements. Table 2 [00229] As shown in Table 2, Examples 1 and 2 treated with high CSk SIOX conditions showed improved CSk relative to Comparative Example A. [00230] Table 3 provides a summary of thickness of the specimen body (tb), breadth of tension zone (BTZ), BTZ/t, depth of compression (DOC), DOC/t, central tension (CT), and measured as discussed above with respect to SLP measurements, or calculated accordingly. SP24-054 Table 3 [00231] Table 4 provides a summary of exclusion depth [mm] and various calculations of FOM based on TA/CT and TA/PT as represented by the 5th-order polynomial, measured as discussed above with respect to SLP measurements. Table 4 [00232] Inventive Example 2 (“E2”) having glass thickness of 0.571mm and CT of 114.6 MPa, featured BTZ at 0.34mm, thus BTZ/t is 0.596, DOC at 0.115mm, and DOC/t at 0.202. According to the measurement result utilizing the fifth-order polynomial fit, the tension zone of example E2 has FOM1=TA/(t*CT)=0.457, FOM2=(TA/t*PT)=0.455, FOM3=(TA/BTZ*CT)=0.767, and FOM4=(TA/BTZ*PT)=0.763. [00233] It should be understood that accuracy of these values of FOM1 through FOM4 is subject to the ability of the 5th-order polynomial fit to accurately fit the retardation curve in the region of interest. Generally, it is expected that the 5th-order polynomial fit is adequate to ascertain that a high-CT, high-DOC, and high-CSk profile intended to SP24-054 have higher stress area compared to prior-art profiles has adequately high FOM1 through FOM4 to be non-frangible and advantaged compared to prior-art profiles. The fifth-order polynomial fit may less accurately estimate the true FOM values when the FOM1 or FOM2 are significantly higher than about 0.5, and when FOM3 and FOM4 are significantly higher than about 0.85, but in such cases it would be clear that the calculated FOM values are significantly above the lower limits as disclosed herein. [00234] FIG. 6 is a low-noise retardation curve, average of 10 measurements with rotation of the specimen between measurements, obtained from a specimen representing Comparative Example A. Average retardation Φ of the 10 measurements, in degrees, is provided versus position relative to approximate location of first surface “x” as identified in SLP-2000 software (thin continuous line), and local polynomial fits near the peak and the trough of the average retardation (thicker dash- dotted lines). The fitting region for each local fit extends about 40 pixels (about 51 microns) into the tension zone and about 25 pixels (about 32 microns) into the neighboring compression zone. The value “x” along the X-axis along the through- thickness direction normal to the plane of the extended glass sheet, having its origin (zero value) at approximately the first surface of the glass sheet, as determined by SLP2000 either automatically or manually by an operator. [00235] FIG. 7 is a graph of a fifth-order polynomial fit (black dash-dotted line) extending over the tension zone and a small portion of the compression regions, representing Comparative Example A. The thin continuous line represents the average retardation of 10 measurements, plotted against a through-thickness axis “z” where the zero of the axis is assigned to the mid-plane between the depths of maximum and minimum retardation as determined by the precise depths of the peak and the trough as determined with the help of the local 4th-order polynomial fits of the previous figure. The thin vertical dashed lines indicate the locations of the beginning and the end of the 5th-order-polynomial fitting region. The value “z” is the axis along the through-thickness direction normal to the plane of the extended glass sheet (same exact direction as the x-axis), but with its origin located at the mid-plane between the peak and the trough of the retardation. [00236] FIG.8 is a graph of residual between the 5th-order polynomial fit of FIG.7 and the average retardation of FIG.6, plotted against the though-thickness coordinate “z” SP24-054 over the fitting region for comparative example CE1. Over the fitting region, the difference in retardation does not exceed 2 degrees by absolute value. [00237] FIG. 9 a low-noise retardation curve versus “x” as defined above, average of 10 measurements with rotation of the specimen between measurements, obtained from a specimen representing Example 1. The thin continuous line represents the average retardation curve of 10 measurements on SLP-2000 (thin continuous line) and local 4th-order polynomial fits (black dash-dotted lines) in the vicinity of the peak and the trough, to determine more precise locations of the peak and trough, for inventive Example 1. [00238] FIG.10 is a graph of a fifth-order polynomial fit (black dash-dotted line) versus “z” as defined above extending over the tension zone and a small portion of the compression regions, representing Example 1. This information is used for determining the figures of merit of the tension zone though measurements of the peak and trough of the retardation, and the slope at the mid-point as well as the maximum slope. The dashed vertical lines represent the bounds of the fitting region. The average retardation curve for inventive Example 1 (thin continuous line) is plotted against the through-thickness axis centered on the mid-plane between the locations of the peak and the trough of the retardation as precisely determined by the local 4th-order polynomial fits. [00239] FIG. 11 is a graph of residual between the 5th-order polynomial fit of FIG. 10 and the average retardation of FIG.9, plotted against the though-thickness coordinate “z” as defined above over the fitting region for inventive Example 1. Over the fitting region, the difference in retardation does not exceed 1 degree by absolute value over the extent of the fitting region. [00240] FIG. 12 a low-noise retardation curve versus “x” as defined above, average of 10 measurements with rotation of the specimen between measurements, obtained from a specimen representing Example 2. The thin continuous line represents the average retardation curve of 10 measurements on SLP-2000 (thin continuous line) and local 4th-order polynomial fits (black dash-dotted lines) in the vicinity of the peak and the trough, to determine more precise locations of the peak and trough, for inventive Example 1. SP24-054 [00241] FIG.13 is a graph of a fifth-order polynomial fit (black dash-dotted line) versus “z” as defined above extending over the tension zone and a small portion of the compression regions, representing Example 2. This information is used for determining the figures of merit of the tension zone though measurements of the peak and trough of the retardation, and the slope at the mid-point as well as the maximum slope. The dashed vertical lines represent the bounds of the fitting region. The average retardation curve for inventive Example 1 (thin continuous line) is plotted against the through-thickness axis centered on the mid-plane between the locations of the peak and the trough of the retardation as precisely determined by the local 4th-order polynomial fits. [00242] FIG. 14 is a graph of residual between the 5th-order polynomial fit of FIG. 13 and the average retardation of FIG. 12, plotted against the though-thickness coordinate “z” as defined above over the fitting region for inventive Example 2. Over the fitting region, the difference in retardation does not exceed 2 degrees by absolute value. [00243] Damage introduction according to “MECHANICAL TESTING OF A GLASS SPECIMEN HAVING A 2.5D CONFIGURATION” followed by retained strength testing, using a Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature test according to ASTM-C1161 – 13 using a 3-point fixture (3-point bend test) were carried out to compare the edge resistance to damage between samples ion-exchanged with a high CSk recipe (Example 1 ) and comparative recipe (Comparative Example A ). All glass articles subjected to SIOX were selectively hit at the transition area at contact location C1 with 60 grit sand paper to generate flaw depth around 50 micrometers (µm). This technique was to approximate flaw size as found in field failure cases. After damage introduction, the glass articles went through the 3 points bending (3PB) mechanical test with cracked side at tension. [00244] Table 5 provides a summary of load to failure for Example 1 and Comparative Example A, after the edge damage introduction according to “MECHANICAL TESTING OF A GLASS SPECIMEN HAVING A 2.5D CONFIGURATION.” [00245] Table 5 also provides a summary of body damage introduction using two different grits (180 grit and 80 grit sandpaper), and a 4-point bend test. The body SP24-054 damage introduction was according to a “surface impact test” method described in U.S. Patent No.11,131,611 to Corning Incorporated, which is incorporated herein by reference. The apparatus for surface impact test of a glass article comprises a pendulum including a bob attached to a pivot. The bob includes a base for receiving a glass article, and the glass article is affixed to the base. The surface impact test apparatus further includes an impacting object positioned such that when the bob is released from a position at an angle greater than zero from the equilibrium position, the surface of the bob contacts the impacting object. The impacting object includes an abrasive sheet having an abrasive surface to be placed in contact with the outer surface of the glass article. The abrasive sheet comprises sandpaper of a desired grit. Thereafter, a test referred to as Flexural Strength of Advanced Ceramics at Ambient Temperature according to ASTM-C1161 – 13 using a 4-point fixture (4-point bend test) was conducted for assessing retained strength. [00246] The high CSk profile of Example 1 not only improved the 2.5D edge strength, but also maintained or improved mechanical performance in non-edge areas as shown in Table 5. Table 5 [00247] The data of Table 5 shows statistically significant improvements, which are indicators of improved drop-fracture resistance of the inventive articles. [00248] All compositional components, relationships, and ratios described in this specification are provided in mol% unless otherwise stated. All ranges disclosed in this specification include any and all ranges and subranges encompassed by the broadly disclosed ranges whether or not explicitly stated before or after a range is disclosed. SP24-054 [00249] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the implementations described herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the claimed subject matter. Thus it is intended that the specification cover the modifications and variations of the various implementations described herein provided such modification and variations come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

SP24-054 What is claimed is: 1. A glass article comprising: a lithium aluminosilicate composition; opposing first and second surfaces defining a body of the article having a body thickness (tb) in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm; a stress profile of the body comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 180 MPa; a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC) that is greater than or equal to 0.17^tb; a peak tension (PT) such that a value of PT*^^^ is less than or equal to 110 MPa√^^ ; a FOM2 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*peak tension (PT)) of greater than or equal to 0.400 to less than or equal to 0.680. 2. The glass article of claim 1 having a 2.5D configuration, and further comprising a transition region around a periphery of the body that terminates at a transition region edge having an edge thickness (te) and has a narrowing thickness from the body to the transition region edge. 3. The glass article of claim 1, wherein the DOC is greater than or equal to 0.18^tb and/or less than or equal to 0.25^tb, 4. The glass article of claim 1, wherein a DOLsp of the spike region is in a range of greater than or equal to 3.5 to less than or equal to 8.5 micrometers. 5. The glass article of claim 1, wherein the PT is greater than or equal to 92 MPa. 6. The glass article of claim 1, wherein tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.55 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm and PT*^^^ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^. SP24-054 7. The glass article of claim 1, wherein tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than or equal to 0.72 mm and PT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa. 8. The glass article of claim 1, wherein for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.3 mm to less than 0.72 mm, PT is greater than or equal to 91 MPa; and for tb in a range of greater than or equal to 0.72 mm to less than or equal to 0.8 mm, PT*^^^ is greater than or equal to 76 MPa√^^. 9. The glass article of claim 1, wherein the FOM2 is greater than or equal to 0.410. 10. The glass article of claim 1, wherein the tb is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.50 millimeters and less than or equal to 0.68 millimeters, and the DOC is greater than or equal to 95 micrometers. 11. The glass article of claim 1, wherein a peak compressive stress (CSmax) of the spike region is greater than or equal to 500 MPa. 12. The glass article of claim 1, wherein the CSk is less than or equal to 300 MPa. 13. The glass article of claim 1, wherein the lithium aluminosilicate glass comprises: about 50 mol% to about 69 mol% SiO2; about 12.5 mol% to about 25 mol% Al2O3; about 0 mol% to about 8 mol% B2O3; about 0.5 mol% to about 8 mol% Na2O; and about 8 mol% to about 18 mol% Li2O. 14. The glass article of claim 1, wherein a FOM4 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*breadth tension zone (BTZ)*PT) is in a range of greater than or equal to 0.700 to less than or equal to 1.00. 15. A consumer electronic product, comprising: a housing having a front surface, a back surface, and side surfaces; electrical components provided at least partially within the housing, the electrical components including at least a controller, a memory, and a SP24-054 display, the display being provided at or adjacent the front surface of the housing; and the glass article of claim 1 disposed over the display. 16. A method of making a glass article having a 2.5D configuration, the glass article comprising a lithium aluminosilicate composition and opposing first and second surfaces defining a body and a transition region terminating at an edge, the body having a body thickness (tb), the transition region having a narrowing thickness from the body to a transition region edge having a thickness (te), the method comprising: exposing a glass substrate having a 2.5D configuration to a single ion exchange (SIOX) bath to achieve a stress profile of the glass article comprising: a spike region extending from the first surface to a knee; a knee compressive stress (CSk) of greater than or equal to 180 MPa; a tail region extending from the knee to a center of the glass-based article and including a depth of compression (DOC), the DOC being greater than or equal to 0.17^tb; a peak tension (PT) such that a value of PT*^^^ is less than or equal to 110 MPa√^^ or a central tension (CT) such that a value of CT*^^^ is less than or equal to 110 MPa√^^; a FOM2 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*peak tension (PT)) of greater than or equal to 0.400 to less than or equal to 0.680 or a FOM1 value defined by tensile area (TA)/(tb*central tension (CT)) of greater than or equal to 0.400 to less than or equal to 0.680. 17. The method of claim 16, wherein the SIOX bath comprises: a potassium nitrate content in a range of 88-92 weight percent, a sodium nitrate content in a range of 9-11 weight percent, and a lithium nitrate content in a range of 0.3-0.5 weight percent.
PCT/US2025/018294 2024-03-11 2025-03-04 Glass article having high knee compressive stress Pending WO2025193468A1 (en)

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