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WO2025191500A1 - Procédé, appareil et programme informatique - Google Patents

Procédé, appareil et programme informatique

Info

Publication number
WO2025191500A1
WO2025191500A1 PCT/IB2025/052648 IB2025052648W WO2025191500A1 WO 2025191500 A1 WO2025191500 A1 WO 2025191500A1 IB 2025052648 W IB2025052648 W IB 2025052648W WO 2025191500 A1 WO2025191500 A1 WO 2025191500A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
activation signal
user equipment
configuration
reader
activator
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/IB2025/052648
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Taylan SAHIN
Mikko SÄILY
Muhammad Ikram ASHRAF
Stepan Kucera
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nokia Technologies Oy
Original Assignee
Nokia Technologies Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nokia Technologies Oy filed Critical Nokia Technologies Oy
Publication of WO2025191500A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025191500A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/0009—Transmission of position information to remote stations
    • G01S5/0018—Transmission from mobile station to base station
    • G01S5/0036—Transmission from mobile station to base station of measured values, i.e. measurement on mobile and position calculation on base station
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W64/00—Locating users or terminals or network equipment for network management purposes, e.g. mobility management
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/74—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/76—Systems using reradiation of radio waves, e.g. secondary radar systems; Analogous systems wherein pulse-type signals are transmitted
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0205—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/003—Transmission of data between radar, sonar or lidar systems and remote stations
    • G01S7/006—Transmission of data between radar, sonar or lidar systems and remote stations using shared front-end circuitry, e.g. antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/70—Services for machine-to-machine communication [M2M] or machine type communication [MTC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
    • H04W4/80—Services using short range communication, e.g. near-field communication [NFC], radio-frequency identification [RFID] or low energy communication
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
    • G16Y—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS [IoT]
    • G16Y40/00—IoT characterised by the purpose of the information processing
    • G16Y40/60—Positioning; Navigation

Definitions

  • the present application relates to an apparatus, method and computer program.
  • the present application relates to Internet of Thing (loT) devices.
  • Some examples relate to Ambient loT (A-IoT) devices.
  • a communication system can be seen as a facility that enables communication sessions between two or more entities such as user terminals, base stations and/or other nodes by providing carriers between the various entities involved in the communications path.
  • a communication system can be provided for example by means of a communication network and one or more compatible communication devices.
  • the communication sessions may comprise, for example, communication of data for carrying communications such as voice, video, electronic mail (email), text message, multimedia and/or content data and so on.
  • Nonlimiting examples of services provided comprise two-way or multi-way calls, data communication or multimedia services and access to a data network system, such as the Internet.
  • the communication system and associated devices typically operate in accordance with a given standard or specification which sets out what the various entities associated with the system are permitted to do and how that should be achieved. Communication protocols and/or parameters which shall be used for the connection are also typically defined.
  • UTRAN 3G radio
  • Other examples of communication systems are the long-term evolution (LTE) of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) radio-access technology and so-called 5G or New Radio (NR) networks.
  • LTE long-term evolution
  • UMTS Universal Mobile Telecommunications System
  • NR New Radio
  • an apparatus comprising: means for sending, to at least one Radio Access Network node, a request to identify at least one user equipment to be used as an activator and/or a reader of an activation signal for at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device; means for sending a configuration to at least one of: the at least one user equipment; or the at least one Radio Access Network node; wherein the configuration is for at least one of: transmitting the activation signal as the activator; or receiving and measuring, as the reader, a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the at least one target loT device; means for sending, to the at least one user equipment, an indication to activate the configuration; after the activation signal is sent based on the configuration to the at least one target loT device, means for receiving a measurement report comprising information for calculating a position of one or more of the at least one target loT device.
  • the activation signal is sent by the activator to the at least one target loT device and the signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the target loT device is received at the reader.
  • the measurement report is received from the at least one user equipment or from the at least one Radio Access Network node.
  • the request comprises at least one of: an indication of a first number of user equipment devices to be used as a respective activator for the activation signal, wherein the first number may be zero or an integer; an indication of a second number of user equipment devices to be used as a respective receiver for the activation signal, wherein the second number may be zero or an integer; or an identifier of each of the at least one user equipment to be used as a respective activator and/or reader for the activation signal.
  • the apparatus comprises: means for receiving, from the at least one Radio Access Network node, a response to the request, the response comprising at least one of: an identifier of the at least one user equipment; an indication of whether a user equipment identified in the request has been found by the at least one Radio Access Network node; or an indication of whether a user equipment identified in the request has not been found by the at least one Radio Access Network node.
  • the at least one user equipment comprises an activator and the configuration is for the at least one user equipment to transmit the activation signal
  • the configuration comprises at least one of: a bandwidth of the activation signal; a frequency of the activation signal; a time for starting to send the activation signal; an amount of time during which the activation signal is to be sent; a power level for sending the activation signal; at least one transmission time resource for the activation signal; at least one frequency resource for the activation signal; a periodicity of the activation signal; a duration of the activation signal; a muting pattern for the activation signal; a transmit power for the activation signal; a coding scheme for the activation signal; or a modulation scheme for the activation signal.
  • the at least one user equipment comprises a reader and the configuration is for the at least one user equipment to receive and measure the activation signal
  • the configuration comprises at least one of: at least one transmission time resource for the activation signal; at least one frequency resource for the activation signal; a periodicity of the activation signal; a duration of the activation signal; a muting pattern for the activation signal; a transmit power for the activation signal; a coding scheme for the activation signal; a modulation scheme for the activation signal; or a type of positioning measurement to be performed on measurements of the activation signal backscattered from the at least one target loT device to the reader.
  • the type of positioning measurement to be performed comprises at least one of TOA; RSTD; AOA; AOD; RSRP; RSRPP; or RSSI.
  • the configuration is sent as characteristics to the at least one Radio Access Network node and the at least one Radio Access Network node determines an actual configuration for the activation signal based on the characteristics, wherein the actual configuration for the activation signal is sent to the at least one user equipment, and wherein the actual configuration for the activation signal comprises at least one of: a bandwidth of the activation signal; a frequency of the activation signal; a time for starting to send the activation signal; an amount of time during which the activation signal is to be sent; a power level for sending the activation signal; at least one transmission time resource for the activation signal; at least one frequency resource for the activation signal; a periodicity of the activation signal; a duration of the activation signal; a muting pattern for the activation signal; a transmit power for the activation signal; a coding scheme for the activation signal; a modulation scheme for the activation signal or a type of positioning measurement to be performed on measurements of the activation signal backscattered from the at least one
  • an apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: sending, to at least one Radio Access Network node, a request to identify at least one user equipment to be used as an activator and/or a reader of an activation signal for at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device; sending a configuration to at least one of: the at least one user equipment; or the at least one Radio Access Network node; wherein the configuration is for at least one of: transmitting the activation signal as the activator; or receiving and measuring, as the reader, a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the at least one target loT device; sending, to the at least one user equipment, an indication to activate the configuration; after the activation signal is sent based on the configuration to the at least one AIoT device, receiving a measurement report comprising information for calculating a position of one or more of the at least one target loT device.
  • the activation signal is sent by the activator to the at least one target loT device and the signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the target loT device is received at the reader.
  • the measurement report is received from the at least one user equipment or from the at least one Radio Access Network node.
  • the request comprises at least one of: an indication of a first number of user equipment devices to be used as a respective activator for the activation signal, wherein the first number may be zero or an integer; an indication of a second number of user equipment devices to be used as a respective receiver for the activation signal, wherein the second number may be zero or an integer; or an identifier of each of the at least one user equipment to be used as a respective activator and/or reader for the activation signal.
  • the at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions cause, when executed by the at least one processor, the apparatus at least to perform: receiving, from the at least one Radio Access Network node, a response to the request, the response comprising at least one of: an identifier of the at least one user equipment; an indication of whether a user equipment identified in the request has been found by the at least one Radio Access Network node; or an indication of whether a user equipment identified in the request has not been found by the at least one Radio Access Network node.
  • the at least one user equipment comprises an activator and the configuration is for the at least one user equipment to transmit the activation signal
  • the configuration comprises at least one of: a bandwidth of the activation signal; a frequency of the activation signal; a time for starting to send the activation signal; an amount of time during which the activation signal is to be sent; a power level for sending the activation signal; at least one transmission time resource for the activation signal; at least one frequency resource for the activation signal; a periodicity of the activation signal; a duration of the activation signal; a muting pattern for the activation signal; a transmit power for the activation signal; a coding scheme for the activation signal; or a modulation scheme for the activation signal.
  • the at least one user equipment comprises a reader and the configuration is for the at least one user equipment to receive and measure the activation signal
  • the configuration comprises at least one of: at least one transmission time resource for the activation signal; at least one frequency resource for the activation signal; a periodicity of the activation signal; a duration of the activation signal; a muting pattern for the activation signal; a transmit power for the activation signal; a coding scheme for the activation signal; a modulation scheme for the activation signal; or a type of positioning measurement to be performed on measurements of the activation signal backscattered from the at least one target loT device to the reader.
  • the type of positioning measurement to be performed comprises at least one of TOA; RSTD; AOA; AOD; RSRP; RSRPP; or RSSI.
  • the configuration is sent as characteristics to the at least one Radio Access Network node and the at least one Radio Access Network node determines an actual configuration for the activation signal based on the characteristics, wherein the actual configuration for the activation signal is sent to the at least one user equipment, and wherein the actual configuration for the activation signal comprises at least one of: a bandwidth of the activation signal; a frequency of the activation signal; a time for starting to send the activation signal; an amount of time during which the activation signal is to be sent; a power level for sending the activation signal; at least one transmission time resource for the activation signal; at least one frequency resource for the activation signal; a periodicity of the activation signal; a duration of the activation signal; a muting pattern for the activation signal; a transmit power for the activation signal; a coding scheme for the activation signal; a modulation scheme for the activation signal or a type of positioning measurement to be performed on measurements of the activation signal backscattered from the at least one
  • the at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions cause, when executed by the at least one processor, the apparatus at least to perform:
  • a method comprising: sending, to at least one Radio Access Network node, a request to identify at least one user equipment to be used as an activator and/or a reader of an activation signal for at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device; sending a configuration to at least one of: the at least one user equipment; or the at least one Radio Access Network node; wherein the configuration is for at least one of: transmitting the activation signal as the activator; or receiving and measuring, as the reader, a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the at least one target loT device; sending, to the at least one user equipment, an indication to activate the configuration; after the activation signal is sent based on the configuration to the at least one AIoT device, receiving a measurement report comprising information for calculating a position of one or more of the at least one target loT device.
  • the activation signal is sent by the activator to the at least one target loT device and the signal
  • the measurement report is received from the at least one user equipment or from the at least one Radio Access Network node.
  • the request comprises at least one of: an indication of a first number of user equipment devices to be used as a respective activator for the activation signal, wherein the first number may be zero or an integer; an indication of a second number of user equipment devices to be used as a respective receiver for the activation signal, wherein the second number may be zero or an integer; or an identifier of each of the at least one user equipment to be used as a respective activator and/or reader for the activation signal.
  • the method comprises: receiving, from the at least one Radio Access Network node, a response to the request, the response comprising at least one of: an identifier of the at least one user equipment; an indication of whether a user equipment identified in the request has been found by the at least one Radio Access Network node; or an indication of whether a user equipment identified in the request has not been found by the at least one Radio Access Network node.
  • the at least one user equipment comprises an activator and the configuration is for the at least one user equipment to transmit the activation signal
  • the configuration comprises at least one of: a bandwidth of the activation signal; a frequency of the activation signal; a time for starting to send the activation signal; an amount of time during which the activation signal is to be sent; a power level for sending the activation signal; at least one transmission time resource for the activation signal; at least one frequency resource for the activation signal; a periodicity of the activation signal; a duration of the activation signal; a muting pattern for the activation signal; a transmit power for the activation signal; a coding scheme for the activation signal; or a modulation scheme for the activation signal.
  • the at least one user equipment comprises a reader and the configuration is for the at least one user equipment to receive and measure the activation signal
  • the configuration comprises at least one of: at least one transmission time resource for the activation signal; at least one frequency resource for the activation signal; a periodicity of the activation signal; a duration of the activation signal; a muting pattern for the activation signal; a transmit power for the activation signal; a coding scheme for the activation signal; a modulation scheme for the activation signal; or a type of positioning measurement to be performed on measurements of the activation signal backscattered from the at least one target loT device to the reader.
  • the type of positioning measurement to be performed comprises at least one of TOA; RSTD; AOA; AOD; RSRP; RSRPP; or RSSI.
  • the configuration is sent as characteristics to the at least one Radio Access Network node and the at least one Radio Access Network node determines an actual configuration for the activation signal based on the characteristics, wherein the actual configuration for the activation signal is sent to the at least one user equipment, and wherein the actual configuration for the activation signal comprises at least one of: a bandwidth of the activation signal; a frequency of the activation signal; a time for starting to send the activation signal; an amount of time during which the activation signal is to be sent; a power level for sending the activation signal; at least one transmission time resource for the activation signal; at least one frequency resource for the activation signal; a periodicity of the activation signal; a duration of the activation signal; a muting pattern for the activation signal; a transmit power for the activation signal; a coding scheme for the activation signal; a modulation scheme for the activation signal or a type of positioning measurement to be performed on measurements of the activation signal backscattered from the at least one
  • a computer readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: sending, to at least one Radio Access Network node, a request to identify at least one user equipment to be used as an activator and/or a reader of an activation signal for at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device; sending a configuration to at least one of: the at least one user equipment; or the at least one Radio Access Network node; wherein the configuration is for at least one of: transmitting the activation signal as the activator; or receiving and measuring, as the reader, a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the at least one target loT device; sending, to the at least one user equipment, an indication to activate the configuration; after the activation signal is sent based on the configuration to the at least one AIoT device, receiving a measurement report comprising information for calculating a position of one or more of the at least one target loT device.
  • a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: sending, to at least one Radio Access Network node, a request to identify at least one user equipment to be used as an activator and/or a reader of an activation signal for at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device; sending a configuration to at least one of: the at least one user equipment; or the at least one Radio Access Network node; wherein the configuration is for at least one of: transmitting the activation signal as the activator; or receiving and measuring, as the reader, a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the at least one target loT device; sending, to the at least one user equipment, an indication to activate the configuration; after the activation signal is sent based on the configuration to the at least one AIoT device, receiving a measurement report comprising information for calculating a position of one or more of the at least one target loT device.
  • an apparatus comprising: means for receiving, from a network entity, a request to identify at least one user equipment to be used as an activator and/or a reader of an activation signal for at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device; means for determining, based on the request, the at least one user equipment to be used as an activator and/or a reader of the activation signal for the at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device.
  • the activation signal is sent by the activator to the at least one target loT device and a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the target loT device is received at the reader.
  • the request comprises at least one of: an indication of a first number of user equipment devices to be used as activators for the activation signal, wherein the first number may be zero or an integer; an indication of a second number of user equipment devices to be used as receivers for the activation signal, wherein the second number may be zero or an integer; or an identifier of each of the at least one user equipment to be used as a respective activator and/or reader for the activation signal.
  • the apparatus comprises: means for sending, to the network entity, a response to the request, the response comprising at least one of: an identifier of the at least one user equipment; an indication of whether a user equipment identified in the request has been determined as the at least one user equipment; or an indication of whether a user equipment identified in the request has not been determined as the at least one user equipment.
  • the apparatus comprises: means for transmitting the activation signal as the activator; or receiving and measuring, as the reader, a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the at least one target loT device; means for sending the configuration to the at least one user equipment; sending an indication of the configuration to the network entity.
  • the apparatus comprises: means for receiving, from the network entity, characteristics for the activation signal; wherein the determining the configuration comprises determining, based on the characteristics of the activation signal, the configuration; means for sending the configuration to the at least one user equipment; means for sending an indication of the configuration to the network entity.
  • the at least one user equipment comprises an activator and the configuration is for the at least one user equipment to transmit the activation signal
  • the configuration comprises at least one of: a bandwidth of the activation signal; a frequency of the activation signal; a time for starting to send the activation signal; an amount of time during which the activation signal is to be sent; a power level for sending the activation signal; at least one transmission time resource for the activation signal; at least one frequency resource for the activation signal; a periodicity of the activation signal; a duration of the activation signal; a muting pattern for the activation signal; a transmit power for the activation signal; a coding scheme for the activation signal; or a modulation scheme for the activation signal.
  • the at least one user equipment comprises a reader and the configuration is for the at least one user equipment to receive and measure a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the target loT device, wherein the configuration comprises at least one of: at least one transmission time resource for the activation signal; at least one frequency resource for the activation signal; a periodicity of the activation signal; a duration of the activation signal; a muting pattern for the activation signal; a transmit power for the activation signal; a coding scheme for the activation signal; a modulation scheme for the activation signal; or a type of positioning measurement to be performed on measurements of the activation signal backscattered from the at least one target loT device to the reader.
  • the type of positioning measurement to be performed comprises at least one of TOA; RSTD; AOA; AOD; RSRP; RSRPP; or RSSI.
  • an apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: receiving, from a network entity, a request to identify at least one user equipment to be used as an activator and/or a reader of an activation signal for at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device; determining, based on the request, the at least one user equipment to be used as an activator and/or a reader of the activation signal for the at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device.
  • the activation signal is sent by the activator to the at least one target loT device and a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the target loT device is received at the reader.
  • the request comprises at least one of: an indication of a first number of user equipment devices to be used as activators for the activation signal, wherein the first number may be zero or an integer; an indication of a second number of user equipment devices to be used as receivers for the activation signal, wherein the second number may be zero or an integer; or an identifier of each of the at least one user equipment to be used as a respective activator and/or reader for the activation signal.
  • the at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions cause, when executed by the at least one processor, the apparatus at least to perform: sending, to the network entity, a response to the request, the response comprising at least one of: an identifier of the at least one user equipment; an indication of whether a user equipment identified in the request has been determined as the at least one user equipment; or an indication of whether a user equipment identified in the request has not been determined as the at least one user equipment.
  • the at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions cause, when executed by the at least one processor, the apparatus at least to perform: determining a configuration for at least one of: transmitting the activation signal as the activator; or receiving and measuring, as the reader, a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the at least one target loT device; sending the configuration to the at least one user equipment; sending an indication of the configuration to the network entity.
  • the at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions cause, when executed by the at least one processor, the apparatus at least to perform: receiving, from the network entity, characteristics for the activation signal; wherein the determining the configuration comprises determining, based on the characteristics of the activation signal, the configuration; sending the configuration to the at least one user equipment; sending an indication of the configuration to the network entity.
  • the at least one user equipment comprises an activator and the configuration is for the at least one user equipment to transmit the activation signal
  • the configuration comprises at least one of: a bandwidth of the activation signal; a frequency of the activation signal; a time for starting to send the activation signal; an amount of time during which the activation signal is to be sent; a power level for sending the activation signal; at least one transmission time resource for the activation signal; at least one frequency resource for the activation signal; a periodicity of the activation signal; a duration of the activation signal; a muting pattern for the activation signal; a transmit power for the activation signal; a coding scheme for the activation signal; or a modulation scheme for the activation signal.
  • the at least one user equipment comprises a reader and the configuration is for the at least one user equipment to receive and measure a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the target loT device, wherein the configuration comprises at least one of: at least one transmission time resource for the activation signal; at least one frequency resource for the activation signal; a periodicity of the activation signal; a duration of the activation signal; a muting pattern for the activation signal; a transmit power for the activation signal; a coding scheme for the activation signal; a modulation scheme for the activation signal; or a type of positioning measurement to be performed on measurements of the activation signal backscattered from the at least one target loT device to the reader.
  • the type of positioning measurement to be performed comprises at least one of TOA; RSTD; AOA; AOD; RSRP; RSRPP; or RSSI.
  • a method comprising: receiving, from a network entity, a request to identify at least one user equipment to be used as an activator and/or a reader of an activation signal for at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device; determining, based on the request, the at least one user equipment to be used as an activator and/or a reader of the activation signal for the at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device.
  • the activation signal is sent by the activator to the at least one target loT device and a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the target loT device is received at the reader.
  • the request comprises at least one of: an indication of a first number of user equipment devices to be used as activators for the activation signal, wherein the first number may be zero or an integer; an indication of a second number of user equipment devices to be used as receivers for the activation signal, wherein the second number may be zero or an integer; or an identifier of each of the at least one user equipment to be used as a respective activator and/or reader for the activation signal.
  • the method comprises: sending, to the network entity, a response to the request, the response comprising at least one of: an identifier of the at least one user equipment; an indication of whether a user equipment identified in the request has been determined as the at least one user equipment; or an indication of whether a user equipment identified in the request has not been determined as the at least one user equipment.
  • the method comprises: determining a configuration for at least one of: transmitting the activation signal as the activator; or receiving and measuring, as the reader, a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the at least one target loT device; sending the configuration to the at least one user equipment; sending an indication of the configuration to the network entity.
  • the method comprises: receiving, from the network entity, characteristics for the activation signal; wherein the determining the configuration comprises determining, based on the characteristics of the activation signal, the configuration; sending the configuration to the at least one user equipment; sending an indication of the configuration to the network entity.
  • the at least one user equipment comprises an activator and the configuration is for the at least one user equipment to transmit the activation signal
  • the configuration comprises at least one of: a bandwidth of the activation signal; a frequency of the activation signal; a time for starting to send the activation signal; an amount of time during which the activation signal is to be sent; a power level for sending the activation signal; at least one transmission time resource for the activation signal; at least one frequency resource for the activation signal; a periodicity of the activation signal; a duration of the activation signal; a muting pattern for the activation signal; a transmit power for the activation signal; a coding scheme for the activation signal; or a modulation scheme for the activation signal.
  • the at least one user equipment comprises a reader and the configuration is for the at least one user equipment to receive and measure a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the target loT device, wherein the configuration comprises at least one of: at least one transmission time resource for the activation signal; at least one frequency resource for the activation signal; a periodicity of the activation signal; a duration of the activation signal; a muting pattern for the activation signal; a transmit power for the activation signal; a coding scheme for the activation signal; a modulation scheme for the activation signal; or a type of positioning measurement to be performed on measurements of the activation signal backscattered from the at least one target loT device to the reader.
  • the type of positioning measurement to be performed comprises at least one of TOA; RSTD; AOA; AOD; RSRP; RSRPP; or RSSI.
  • a computer readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: receiving, from a network entity, a request to identify at least one user equipment to be used as an activator and/or a reader of an activation signal for at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device; determining, based on the request, the at least one user equipment to be used as an activator and/or a reader of the activation signal for the at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device.
  • a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: receiving, from a network entity, a request to identify at least one user equipment to be used as an activator and/or a reader of an activation signal for at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device; determining, based on the request, the at least one user equipment to be used as an activator and/or a reader of the activation signal for the at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device.
  • an apparatus comprising: means for receiving, at a user equipment and from a network entity or from a Radio Access Network node, an indication that the user equipment is to be used as an activator and/or reader of an activation signal for at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device; means for receiving, from the network entity or from the Radio Access Network node, a configuration for the user equipment for at least one of: transmitting the activation signal as the activator; or receiving and measuring, as the reader, a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the at least target loT device; means for receiving, from the network entity, an indication to activate the configuration; means for performing as an activator and/or reader of the activation signal for the at least one target loT device according to the indication and the configuration.
  • the indication indicates that the user equipment is to be used as a reader and the apparatus comprises: means for measuring the signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the at least one target loT device; means for generating a measurement report based on the measuring; means for sending the measurement report to the network entity or the Radio Access Network node.
  • the indication indicates that the user equipment is to be used as an activator and the configuration comprises at least one of: a bandwidth of the activation signal; a frequency of the activation signal; a time for starting to send the activation signal; an amount of time during which the activation signal is to be sent; or a power level for sending the activation signal.
  • the indication indicates that the user equipment is to be used as a reader and the configuration comprises at least one of: at least one transmission time resource for the activation signal; at least one frequency resource for the activation signal; a periodicity of the activation signal; a duration of the activation signal; a muting pattern for the activation signal; a transmit power for the activation signal; a coding scheme for the activation signal; a modulation scheme for the activation signal; or a type of positioning measurement to be performed on measurements of the activation signal backscattered from the at least one target loT device to the reader.
  • the type of positioning measurement to be performed comprises at least one of TOA; RSTD; AOA; AOD; RSRP; RSRPP; or RSSI.
  • an apparatus comprising at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor, cause the apparatus at least to perform: receiving, at a user equipment and from a network entity or from a Radio Access Network node, an indication that the user equipment is to be used as an activator and/or reader of an activation signal for at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device; receiving, from the network entity or from the Radio Access Network node, a configuration for the user equipment for at least one of: transmitting the activation signal as the activator; or receiving and measuring, as the reader, a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the at least target loT device; receiving, from the network entity, an indication to activate the configuration; performing as an activator and/or reader of the activation signal for the at least one target loT device according to the indication and the configuration.
  • the indication indicates that the user equipment is to be used as a reader and the at least one processor and at least one memory storing instructions cause, when executed by the at least one processor, the apparatus at least to perform: measuring the signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the at least one target loT device; generating a measurement report based on the measuring; sending the measurement report to the network entity or the Radio Access Network node.
  • the indication indicates that the user equipment is to be used as an activator and the configuration comprises at least one of: a bandwidth of the activation signal; a frequency of the activation signal; a time for starting to send the activation signal; an amount of time during which the activation signal is to be sent; or a power level for sending the activation signal.
  • the indication indicates that the user equipment is to be used as a reader and the configuration comprises at least one of: at least one transmission time resource for the activation signal; at least one frequency resource for the activation signal; a periodicity of the activation signal; a duration of the activation signal; a muting pattern for the activation signal; a transmit power for the activation signal; a coding scheme for the activation signal; a modulation scheme for the activation signal; or a type of positioning measurement to be performed on measurements of the activation signal backscattered from the at least one target loT device to the reader.
  • the type of positioning measurement to be performed comprises at least one of TOA; RSTD; AOA; AOD; RSRP; RSRPP; or RSSI.
  • a method comprising: receiving, at a user equipment and from a network entity or from a Radio Access Network node, an indication that the user equipment is to be used as an activator and/or reader of an activation signal for at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device; receiving, from the network entity or from the Radio Access Network node, a configuration for the user equipment for at least one of: transmitting the activation signal as the activator; or receiving and measuring, as the reader, a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the at least target loT device; receiving, from the network entity, an indication to activate the configuration; performing as an activator and/or reader of the activation signal for the at least one target loT device according to the indication and the configuration.
  • the indication indicates that the user equipment is to be used as a reader and the method comprises: measuring the signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the at least one target loT device; generating a measurement report based on the measuring; sending the measurement report to the network entity or the Radio Access Network node.
  • the indication indicates that the user equipment is to be used as an activator and the configuration comprises at least one of: a bandwidth of the activation signal; a frequency of the activation signal; a time for starting to send the activation signal; an amount of time during which the activation signal is to be sent; or a power level for sending the activation signal.
  • the indication indicates that the user equipment is to be used as a reader and the configuration comprises at least one of: at least one transmission time resource for the activation signal; at least one frequency resource for the activation signal; a periodicity of the activation signal; a duration of the activation signal; a muting pattern for the activation signal; a transmit power for the activation signal; a coding scheme for the activation signal; a modulation scheme for the activation signal; or a type of positioning measurement to be performed on measurements of the activation signal backscattered from the at least one target loT device to the reader.
  • the type of positioning measurement to be performed comprises at least one of TOA; RSTD; AOA; AOD; RSRP; RSRPP; or RSSI.
  • a fourteenth aspect there is provided a computer readable medium comprising instructions which, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: receiving, at a user equipment and from a network entity or from a Radio Access Network node, an indication that the user equipment is to be used as an activator and/or reader of an activation signal for at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device; receiving, from the network entity or from the Radio Access Network node, a configuration for the user equipment for at least one of: transmitting the activation signal as the activator; or receiving and measuring, as the reader, a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the at least target loT device; receiving, from the network entity, an indication to activate the configuration; performing as an activator and/or reader of the activation signal for the at least one target loT device according to the indication and the configuration.
  • a non-transitory computer readable medium comprising program instructions that, when executed by an apparatus, cause the apparatus to perform at least the following: receiving, at a user equipment and from a network entity or from a Radio Access Network node, an indication that the user equipment is to be used as an activator and/or reader of an activation signal for at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device; receiving, from the network entity or from the Radio Access Network node, a configuration for the user equipment for at least one of: transmitting the activation signal as the activator; or receiving and measuring, as the reader, a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the at least target loT device; receiving, from the network entity, an indication to activate the configuration; performing as an activator and/or reader of the activation signal for the at least one target loT device according to the indication and the configuration.
  • Figure 1 shows a first network topology
  • Figure 2 shows a second network topology
  • Figure 3 shows an example signal flow
  • Figure 4 shows an example method flow
  • Figure 5 shows an example method flow
  • Figure 6 shows an example method flow
  • Figure 7 shows a representation of a control apparatus according to some example embodiments.
  • Figure 8 shows a representation of an apparatus according to some example embodiments.
  • Figure 9 shows a schematic representation of a non-volatile memory medium storing instructions which when executed by a processor allow a processor to perform one or more of the steps of the methods disclosed herein.
  • the present disclosure relates to loT devices, and in some examples to Ambient loT (AIoT) devices. Some examples relate to positioning AIoT devices.
  • AIoT device is used herein throughout, it should be noted that the examples described herein apply to any suitable target loT device, where a target loT device is a loT device to be located.
  • loT devices usually consume tens or hundreds of milliwatts power during transceiving, while the cost is a few dollars.
  • loT devices with ten or even a hundred times lower cost and power consumption are needed, especially for a large number of applications requiring batteryless devices.
  • Regular replacement of batteries in battery powered devices is impractical due to consumption of materials and manpower.
  • Devices that can use energy harvested from a surrounding environment are therefore useful, especially in applications with a large number of device (e.g., ID tags and sensors).
  • a passive radio is a device that can harness energy from wireless signals sent on specific carriers and/or bandwidths and charges a simple circuitry that, once activated, it will emit/reflect a signal which encodes at least the ID of the passive radio.
  • passive radio (tag) transmission is referred to. It should be understood that such passive radio transmission does not necessarily mean active generation and transmission of an RF signal but in some examples could instead include modulating the reflection of an activation signal and/or adding an overlay signal to the activation signal. This is discussed further below with respect to device types A, B and C.
  • the typical system architecture around a passive radio comprises:
  • An activator a device that sends an activation signal targeted at charging, waking up the passive radio, and/or transmitting the signal that is used by the passive radio to modulate the reflection signal.
  • the passive radio harnesses energy over a range of frequencies and listens for activation signals. Once such a signal is detected, the passive radio emits/reflects a signal which is specific to a radio ID of the passive radio. In some examples, other passive radios may be included in the system architecture.
  • a reader a device that listens and detects the passive radio signals.
  • the reader may or may not be collocated/merged with the activator.
  • Passive radios may comprise batteryless devices with no energy storage capability at all, and may depend on availability of an external source of energy.
  • Semi-passive devices may have a limited energy storage capability that does not need to be replaced or recharged manually.
  • 3GPP TR 38.848 V0.1.0 describes three ambient loT device types, A, B and C:
  • Device A No energy storage, no independent signal generation/amplification, i.e., backscattering transmission on a carrier wave provided externally.
  • Device B Has energy storage, no independent signal generation, i.e., backscattering transmission on a carrier wave provided externally. Use of stored energy can include amplification for reflected signals.
  • Device C Has energy storage, has independent signal generation, i.e., active RF components for transmission.
  • 3GPP TR 38.848 describes topologies for Ambient loT networks and devices. Two of these topologies are shown in Figures 1 and 2. In these topologies, the AIoT device may be provided with a carrier wave from other node(s) either inside or outside the topology.
  • the links in each topology may be bidirectional or unidirectional.
  • BS Base Station
  • UE User Equipment
  • assisting node or intermediate node could be multiple BSs or UEs, respectively.
  • the mixture of indoor and outdoor placement of such nodes is regarded as a network implementation choice.
  • Figure 1 shows a first topology with BS 102 and A-IoT device 100 which communicate directly and bidirectionally.
  • the communication between the base station and the ambient loT device includes Ambient loT data and/or signalling.
  • This topology includes the possibility that BS 102 transmitting to A-IoT 100 device is a different from BS 102 receiving from A-IoT device 100.
  • Figure 2 shows a second topology with BS 202, an intermediate node 204 and A-IoT device 200.
  • A-IoT device 200 communicates bidirectionally with an intermediate node 204 between device 200 and BS 202.
  • intermediate node 204 can be a relay, IAB node, UE, positioning reference unit, repeater, etc. which is capable of enabling connectivity with the Ambient loT.
  • Intermediate node 204 transfers the information between BS 202 and the A-IoT device 200.
  • Positioning is one of the use cases identified for AIoT devices. Due to their ultra-low transmission/reception and processing capability, passive AIoT devices (specifically device A, B) are not expected to perform any positioning-related measurements, e.g., using Downlink (DL) Positioning Reference Signals (PRS) transmitted from Transmission/Reception points (TRPs). Similarly, AIoT devices are not expected perform any positioning-related procedures, e.g., Location Positioning Protocol (LPP) signalling with Location Management Function (LMF) or Local LMF (Location Management Component (LMC) in RAN), positioning in different Radio Resource Configuration (RRC) states (connected, inactive, idle), etc. Therefore, positioning methods using minimal transmission/reception and processing at the AIoT devices are useful for positioning the AIoT devices.
  • LPF Location Positioning Protocol
  • LMF Location Management Function
  • LMC Location Management Component
  • RRC Radio Resource Configuration
  • Intermediate nodes may be determined and configured by their serving Radio Access Network (RAN) node (e.g., gNB), using additional coordination between LMF and gNB (where positioning is coordinated by LMF). Some examples described herein allow such coordination for positioning the AIoT devices.
  • RAN Radio Access Network
  • AIoT devices may be positioned using RAN nodes (gNBs) to determine and optionally configured UEs as intermediate nodes for activating and/or reading AIoT device transmissions for positioning purposes. Examples may be used in Topology 2 described in FIG. 2, for example.
  • AIoT devices of a passive type are used, where the passive AIoT devices backscatter an activation signal on a carrier wave provided externally.
  • an initial location service request comes from an entity hosting an AIoT service, e.g., Gateway Mobile Location Service (GMLC), serving Access and Mobility Management Function (AMF), or from an activator/reader UE, which is the intermediate node 204 in Topology 2.
  • GMLC Gateway Mobile Location Service
  • AMF Access and Mobility Management Function
  • an LMF requests a RAN node to provide a certain number of activator(s) and reader(s) for positioning a target AIoT device(s) and optionally to configure activation signal (and the reception of the corresponding expected backscattering transmission from AIoT device) by providing the necessary characteristics of this signal, e.g., in terms of required bandwidth as per positioning Quality of Service (QoS) requirement.
  • QoS Quality of Service
  • the intermediate nodes may be informed about a configuration to activate and/or receive and measure an AIoT device, where an LMF may help in transferring a related measurement configuration to one or more UEs served by respective RAN nodes.
  • One or more reader UEs may then report their measurement to an LMF for positioning estimate calculation.
  • FIG. 3 shows an example message flow.
  • a network entity 312 (in this example, shown as LMF 312) requests one or more radio access network (RAN) nodes to determine and provide activator(s) and/or reader(s) for positioning a target AIoT device 300.
  • the one or more RAN nodes may depend on a number of Transmission Reception Points (TRPs), positioning QoS requirement, etc.
  • TRPs Transmission Reception Points
  • the request sent at 301 may relate to multiple AIoT devices.
  • the request may comprise at least one of: a list of devices with a list of device identifiers, a group of devices with a group identifier, a type of device with device type identifier, etc.
  • the request at 301 may indicate a number of activator(s) and/or reader(s) required for locating AIoT device 300 (or for a group of AIoT devices).
  • LMF 312 may have information describing which RAN node can provide coverage for AIoT device 300 before sending the request at 301.
  • RAN node 306 determines a requested number of UEs for activation and/or reading.
  • a UE may be used as an activator for AIoT device 300, as a reader for AIoT device 300 or as an activator and a reader for AIoT device 300.
  • UE1 304a is used as an activator and UE2 304b is used as a reader.
  • UE1 304a may comprise UE2 304b.
  • gNB 1 306 informs LMF 312 about the determined activator(s) and/or reader(s). This may be performed by providing identifiers, count, a binary indication whether the activator or reader has been found or not found. In some examples, at 307 gNBl 306 may provide an indication that there are no available intermediate nodes to be used as an activator and/or reader.
  • LMF 312 may request RAN nodes that provided activator(s) and/or reader(s) to determine activation and/or reading configurations for positioning purposes.
  • LMF 312 requests gNBl 306 to determine activation and/or reading configurations for positioning purposes as gNB 1 306 provided activator and/or reader information at 307.
  • LMF 312 may provide necessary or desired characteristics, e.g., bandwidth, frequency, time, power, etc. depending on the positioning QoS requirements.
  • LMF 312 may have information describing positioning- related information of activator(s) and/or reader(s) (e.g., information describing the absolute location of activator(s) and/or reader(s).
  • gNBl 306 determines an activation configuration (an “actual configuration” for the activation signal). This may based on LMF 312’s indication of requirements at 309, or may be determined at gNBl 306 without using the indication of requirements. In some examples, gNBl 306 may determine the activation configuration and/or measurement configuration unilaterally for a UE (e.g., without a request or requirements received from LMF 312). Optionally, a measurement configuration for measuring the activation signal at a reader UE is determined at 311 (this may be based on the requirements received at 309, or may be determined unilaterally at gNBl 306). In this example, LMF 312 may determine an activation configuration for UE1 304a and a measurement configuration for UE2 304b. A determined configuration for activation of an activation signal by an activator may indicate at least one of:
  • gNBl 306 may inform LMF 312 about the actual configuration determined to use for activator and/or reader.
  • a configuration for reading an activation signal (“a measurement configuration”) may have similar characteristics indicated as for a configuration for activation described above. Additionally, a type of positioning measurement to be performed on measurements of a signal backscattered from AIoT device 300 may be included, for example one or more of: Time of Arrival (TOA); Reference Signal Time Difference (RSTD); Angle of Arrival (AOA); Angle of Departure (AOD); Reference Signal Received Power (RSRP); Received Signal Received Path Power (RSRPP); Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI).
  • the measurement configuration may be determined by gNBl 306 at 311 or by LMF 312 at 319.
  • the activation configuration may then be provided from gNBl 306 to UE1 304a at 313. If gNB 1 306 determines the measurement configuration at 311, this may be provided from gNBl 306 to UE2 304b at 315. The activation configuration and optionally the measurement configuration may be provided by gNBl 306 to LMF 312.
  • the measurement configuration for a received signal from AIoT device 300 is not determined at 311 by gNBl 306, it may be determined at 319 by LMF 312. This may then be provided to UE2 304b from LMF 312.
  • LMF 312 may also inform corresponding gNBs (gNB2 310 in this example) about the corresponding measurement configuration.
  • the measurement configuration can then be provided from gNB2 310 to the relevant UEs that are used as readers (UE3 308 in this example) for the signal resulting from the backscattering of the activation signal from AIoT device 300.
  • activation and/or measurement configurations may be sent from LMF 312 directly to UE1 304a, UE2 304b and/or UE3 308). This is shown at 323, 325 and 327 of FIG. 3.
  • LMF 312 may activate the configured UEs for transmitting the activation signal to AIoT device 300.
  • LMF 312 may activate the configured UEs for measuring the backscattered signal for positioning purposes.
  • 329 and 331 may be signalled from LMF 312 to the UEs directly via LPP.
  • 329 and 331 may be signalled from LMF 213 to a serving gNB(s) of the UE(s) first via New Radio Positioning Protocol A (NRRPa), then the gNB may forward the activation to the respective UEs via RRA or Medium Access Control.
  • NRRPa New Radio Positioning Protocol A
  • an activation signal is sent from activator UE1 304a using the configuration discussed above.
  • a signal is returned from AIoT device 300 to reader UE2 304b and/or UE3 308.
  • the signal received at 335 may comprise a backscattered signal.
  • reader UE2 304b and/or UE3 308 may perform the requested measurements for AIoT device 300.
  • these measurements may then be returned to LMF 312 which can calculate a location estimate of AIoT device 300 using the collected positioning measurements.
  • signalling between LMF 213 and gNB 1 306 and/or gNB2 310 may utilize NRPPa protocol.
  • signalling between LMG 312 and UE1 304a, UE2 304b and/or UE3 308 may utilize LPP protocol.
  • signalling between RAN node(s) and UE(s) may utilize RRC or MAC protocols.
  • At least one of UE1 304a, UE2 304b or UE3 308 may comprise a Positioning Reference Unit (PRU) (or other UEs with known locations).
  • PRU Positioning Reference Unit
  • RAN nodes(s) may activate the reporting of AIoT device measurements from intermediate nodes over a MAC Control Element.
  • FIG. 4 shows an example method flow.
  • the method may be performed, for example, by a network entity, (e.g., LMF 312).
  • a network entity e.g., LMF 3112.
  • the method comprises sending, to at least one Radio Access Network node, a request to identify at least one user equipment to be used as an activator and/or a reader of an activation signal for at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device.
  • the at least one target loT device may comprise at least one AIoT device.
  • the method comprises sending a configuration to at least one of: the at least one user equipment; or the at least one Radio Access Network node, wherein the configuration is for at least one of: transmitting the activation signal as the activator; or receiving and measuring, as the reader, a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the at least one target loT device.
  • the method comprises sending to the at least one user equipment, an indication to activate the configuration.
  • the method comprises after the activation signal is sent based on the configuration to the at least one target loT device, receiving a measurement report comprising information for calculating a position of one or more of the at least one target loT device.
  • FIG. 5 shows an example method flow.
  • the method may be performed, for example, by a RAN node (e.g., gNBl 306).
  • a RAN node e.g., gNBl 306
  • the method comprises receiving, from a network entity, a request to identify at least one user equipment to be used as an activator and/or a reader of an activation signal for at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device.
  • the at least one target loT device may comprise at least one AIoT device.
  • the method comprises determining, based on the request, the at least one user equipment to be used as an activator and/or a reader of the activation signal for the at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example method flow.
  • the method may be performed, for example, by a UE (e.g., UE1 304a or UE2 304b).
  • a UE e.g., UE1 304a or UE2 304b.
  • the method comprises receiving, at a user equipment and from a network entity or from a Radio Access Network node, an indication that the user equipment is to be used as an activator and/or reader of an activation signal for at least one target Internet of Things, loT, device.
  • the at least one target loT device may comprise at least one AIoT device.
  • the method comprises receiving, from the network entity or from the Radio Access Network node, a configuration for the user equipment for at least one of: transmitting the activation signal as the activator; or receiving and measuring, as the reader, a signal resulting from the activation signal being backscattered by the at least target loT device.
  • the method comprises receiving, from the network entity, an indication to activate the configuration.
  • the method comprises performing as an activator and/or reader of the activation signal for the at least one target loT device according to the indication and the configuration.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a control apparatus 700 for controlling a network (e.g., an apparatus such as an LMF) .
  • the control apparatus may comprise at least one random access memory (RAM) 711a, at least on read only memory (ROM) 711b, at least one processor 712, 713 and an input/output interface 714.
  • the at least one processor 712, 713 may be coupled to the RAM 711a and the ROM 711b.
  • the at least one processor 712, 713 may be configured to execute an appropriate software code 715.
  • the software code 715 may, for example, allow the at least one processor 712, 713 to perform one or more steps of any method flow described herein.
  • the software code 715 may be stored in the ROM 71 lb.
  • the control apparatus 700 may be interconnected with another control apparatus 700 controlling another function of the RAN or the core network.
  • FIG. 8 illustrates an example of a terminal 800, such as a UE.
  • a terminal may be used as an activator and/or a receiver.
  • the terminal 800 may be provided by any device capable of sending and receiving radio signals.
  • the terminal may comprise a user equipment, a mobile station (MS) or mobile device, such as a mobile phone or what is known as a ’smart phone’, a computer provided with a wireless interface card or other wireless interface facility (e.g., USB dongle), a personal data assistant (PDA) or a tablet provided with wireless communication capabilities, a machine-type communications (MTC) device, an Internet of things (loT) type communication device or any combinations of these or the like.
  • the terminal 800 may provide, for example, communication of data for carrying communications.
  • the communications may be one or more of voice, electronic mail (email), text message, multimedia, data, machine data and so on.
  • the terminal 800 may be configured to receive signals over an air or radio interface 807 via appropriate apparatus for receiving and may transmit signals via appropriate apparatus for transmitting radio signals.
  • transceiver apparatus is designated schematically by block 806.
  • the transceiver apparatus 806 may be provided, for example, by means of a radio part and associated antenna arrangement.
  • the antenna arrangement may be arranged internally or externally to the mobile device.
  • the terminal 800 may be provided with at least one processor 801, at least one memory ROM 802a, at least one RAM 802b and other possible components 803 and 804 for use in software and hardware aided execution of tasks it is designed to perform, including control of access to and communications with access systems and other communication devices.
  • the at least one processor 801 is coupled to the RAM 802b and the ROM 802a.
  • the at least one processor 801 may be configured to execute an appropriate software code 808.
  • the software code 808 may for example allow to perform one or more of steps of any method flow described herein.
  • the software code 808 may be stored in the ROM 802a.
  • the processor, storage and other relevant control apparatus can be provided on an appropriate circuit board and/or in chipsets.
  • This example is denoted by reference 802.
  • the device may optionally have a user interface, such as key pad 805, touch sensitive screen or pad, combinations thereof or the like.
  • a display, a speaker and a microphone may be provided depending on the type of the device.
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic representation of non-volatile memory media 900a (e.g. computer disc (CD) or digital versatile disc (DVD)) and 900b (e.g. universal serial bus (USB) memory stick) storing instructions and/or parameters 902 which when executed by a processor allow the processor to perform one or more of the steps of any method flow described herein.
  • the apparatuses may comprise or be coupled to other units or modules etc., such as radio parts or radio heads, used in or for transmission and/or reception. Although the apparatuses have been described, in some examples as one entity, different modules and memory may be implemented in one or more physical or logical entities.
  • the various examples may be implemented in hardware or special purpose circuitry, software, logic or any combination thereof. Some examples detailed in the subject disclosure may be implemented in hardware, while other aspects may be implemented in firmware or software which may be executed by a controller, microprocessor or other computing device, although the subject disclosure is not limited thereto. While various aspects of the subject disclosure may be illustrated and described as block diagrams, flow charts, or using some other pictorial representation, it is well understood that these blocks, apparatus, systems, techniques or methods described herein may be implemented in, as non-limiting examples, hardware, software, firmware, special purpose circuits or logic, general purpose hardware or controller or other computing devices, or some combination thereof.
  • circuitry may refer to one or more or all of the following examples:
  • software e.g., firmware
  • circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor (or multiple processors) or portion of a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and/or firmware.
  • circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the particular claim element, a baseband integrated circuit or processor integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
  • the various examples detailed in the subject disclosure may be implemented by computer software executable by a data processor of the mobile device, such as in the processor entity, or by hardware, or by a combination of software and hardware.
  • Computer software or program also called program product, including software routines, applets and/or macros, may be stored in any apparatus-readable data storage medium and they comprise program instructions to perform particular tasks.
  • a computer program product may comprise one or more computer-executable components which, when the program is run, are configured to carry out one or more steps of any method flow described herein.
  • the one or more computerexecutable components may be at least one software code or portions of it.
  • any blocks of the logic flow as in the Figures may represent program steps, or interconnected logic circuits, blocks and functions, or a combination of program steps and logic circuits, blocks and functions.
  • the software may be stored on such physical media as memory chips, or memory blocks implemented within the processor, magnetic media such as hard disk or floppy disks, and optical media such as DVD and the data variants thereof, CD.
  • the physical media may be implemented as a non-transitory media.
  • non-transitory is a limitation of the medium itself (e.g., tangible, not a signal) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM).
  • the memory may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment and may be implemented using any suitable data storage technology, such as semiconductor-based memory devices, magnetic memory devices and systems, optical memory devices and systems, fixed memory and removable memory.
  • the data processors may be of any type suitable to the local technical environment, and may comprise one or more of general-purpose computers, special purpose computers, microprocessors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (ASIC), FPGA, gate level circuits and processors based on multi core processor architecture, as non-limiting examples.
  • Examples of the subject disclosure may be practiced in various components, such as integrated circuit modules.
  • the design of integrated circuits is by and large a highly automated process.
  • Complex and powerful software tools are available for converting a logic level design into a semiconductor circuit design ready to be etched and formed on a semiconductor substrate.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
  • Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé comprenant : l'envoi, à au moins un nœud de réseau d'accès radio, d'une requête d'identification d'au moins un équipement utilisateur à utiliser en tant qu'activateur et/ou lecteur d'un signal d'activation pour au moins un dispositif de l'Internet des Objets, IdO, cible ; l'envoi d'une configuration à au moins l'un parmi : l'au moins un équipement utilisateur ; ou l'au moins un nœud de réseau d'accès radio ; la configuration étant destinée à au moins l'une parmi : la transmission du signal d'activation en tant qu'activateur ; ou la réception et la mesure, en tant que lecteur, d'un signal résultant du signal d'activation rétrodiffusé par l'au moins un dispositif d'IdO cible ; l'envoi, à l'au moins un équipement utilisateur, d'une indication pour activer la configuration ; après l'envoi du signal d'activation sur la base de la configuration de l'au moins un dispositif d'IdO cible, la réception d'un rapport de mesure comprenant des informations pour calculer une position d'un ou plusieurs desdits dispositifs d'IdO cibles.
PCT/IB2025/052648 2024-03-14 2025-03-12 Procédé, appareil et programme informatique Pending WO2025191500A1 (fr)

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GB2403693.1 2024-03-14
GB2403693.1A GB2639257A (en) 2024-03-14 2024-03-14 Method, apparatus and computer program

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WO2025191500A1 true WO2025191500A1 (fr) 2025-09-18

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2019158187A1 (fr) * 2018-02-13 2019-08-22 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Techniques d'estimation de position assistée de manière coopérative
US20240078404A1 (en) * 2022-09-02 2024-03-07 Nokia Technologies Oy Adaptive configuration of multistatic tag backscatter

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2025533536A (ja) * 2022-09-22 2025-10-07 ノキア テクノロジーズ オサケユイチア デバイスディスカバリおよびポジショニング

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WO2019158187A1 (fr) * 2018-02-13 2019-08-22 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Techniques d'estimation de position assistée de manière coopérative
US20240078404A1 (en) * 2022-09-02 2024-03-07 Nokia Technologies Oy Adaptive configuration of multistatic tag backscatter

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"3rd Generation Partnership Project; Technical Specification Group Radio Access Network; Study on Ambient IoT (Internet of Things) in RAN (Release 18)", no. V0.1.0, 31 March 2023 (2023-03-31), pages 1 - 17, XP052284547, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://ftp.3gpp.org/Specs/archive/38_series/38.848/38848-010.zip RP� 230419 TR 38.848-rm.docx> [retrieved on 20230331] *
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