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WO2025190484A1 - Émetteur-récepteur sans fil en duplex intégral - Google Patents

Émetteur-récepteur sans fil en duplex intégral

Info

Publication number
WO2025190484A1
WO2025190484A1 PCT/EP2024/056804 EP2024056804W WO2025190484A1 WO 2025190484 A1 WO2025190484 A1 WO 2025190484A1 EP 2024056804 W EP2024056804 W EP 2024056804W WO 2025190484 A1 WO2025190484 A1 WO 2025190484A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
receiver
signal
antenna elements
transmitter
leakage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
PCT/EP2024/056804
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Muris Sarajlic
Henrik Sjöland
Medhat MOHAMAD
Shousheng He
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Original Assignee
Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB filed Critical Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
Priority to PCT/EP2024/056804 priority Critical patent/WO2025190484A1/fr
Publication of WO2025190484A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025190484A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming

Definitions

  • the embodiments herein relate to a full duplex wireless transceiver and a method for suppressing Tx-Rx leakage in the transceiver.
  • a corresponding computer program and a computer program carrier are also disclosed.
  • the electromagnetic wavelength is short.
  • the wavelength is just 1 mm.
  • Antenna elements then also get small, and to reach practical communication distances rather large array antennas (with a large number of antenna elements) may be needed.
  • a half wavelength spacing corresponds to 0.5 mm, so a square centimeter sized array will fit 400 antenna elements. It becomes power consuming to drive so many antenna elements with a wideband and phase coherent signal to transmit or receive high data-rate signals.
  • the gain of a lens at 300 GHz has been investigated in prior art.
  • a lens antenna of just 10 mm diameter may have a gain of more than 25 dBi. At these high frequencies high gain may thus be obtained from very small lenses, suitable for use also in lightweight portable devices.
  • Antennas may be arranged in a 2D array which enables beamforming in both azimuth and elevation. Several antennas may be chosen simultaneously which widens the beam.
  • a reason for choosing a switched-beam lens antenna over a phased array is power consumption.
  • each antenna will typically have an associated PA placed right after the antenna. Therefore, for an array with N antennas, power consumption of the amplifier section is Nx power consumption of one PA.
  • switched-beam lens antenna only has one PA activated at a time, so power consumption of the amplifier part is a factor of N smaller than in the phased array.
  • the switched-beam lens antenna has additional benefits, such as lack of phase shifters and consequently no beam squint problem at high relative bandwidths. However, a total radiated output power will be less compared to operating many transmit branches. Switched-beam lens antennas are a particularly attractive solution at very high frequencies (e.g. high mmWave, 100 - 300 GHz) due to a beneficial ratio between physical size and gain at the very high frequencies.
  • full-duplex may double the link throughput compared with half-duplex. If N data streams are transmitted and received concurrently, resulting throughput is 2N times larger than single-stream half-duplex.
  • the received signals In full duplex the received signals must be isolated from the signals generated by the co-located transmitter, which are typically many orders of magnitude stronger. Very accurate cancellation of the transmitted signal to the received (either via direct leakage or reflection) is thus required. If the transmitted signal is known, it may be subtracted from the received signal in the digital domain at the near end. However, the transmitter also produces distortion and noise. While the distortion may be calculated, at increasing expense the more accuracy is needed, the noise cannot be calculated and cancelled in the digital part. Another problem is signal echoes of the transmission returning to the receiver, like unwanted radar signals, that require cancellation. It is also necessary to protect the active parts of the receiver from too strong transmit signals, otherwise the receiver will be de-sensitized and reception will be blocked. All this calls for cancellation schemes in multiple domains, RF cancellation, analog IF or baseband cancellation, as well as digital baseband cancellation. The complexity and performance requirements of the circuitry may be very high.
  • Multistream transmission/reception in combination with full duplex is an effective way of increasing throughput.
  • how to cancel the multistream near-end Tx-Rx leakage when lenses are used is an open problem.
  • An object of embodiments herein may be to obviate some of the problems related to full duplex operation.
  • the object is achieved by a wireless transceiver for full duplex wireless communication.
  • the wireless transceiver comprises a wireless transmitter.
  • the wireless transmitter comprises a first switched beam antenna.
  • the first switched beam antenna comprises one or more transmitter antenna elements and a first lens for beamforming a respective transmit beam from the one or more transmitter antenna elements.
  • the wireless transmitter is configured to transmit a first transmitter signal, occupying first time and frequency resources, from a first transmitter antenna element of the one or more transmitter antenna elements into a first transmit direction with the first lens.
  • the wireless transceiver further comprises a wireless receiver comprising a second switched beam antenna.
  • the second switched beam antenna comprises two or more receiver antenna elements comprising one or more first receiver antenna elements and one or more second receiver antenna elements, and a second lens for beamforming a respective receive beam to the two or more receiver antenna elements.
  • Each receiver antenna element of the two or more receiver antenna elements is arranged at a different position with respect to an axis of the second lens.
  • the wireless receiver is configured to receive a first receiver signal with a first receiver antenna element of the one or more first receiver antenna elements from a first receive direction using the second lens, the first receiver signal occupying the first time and frequency resources.
  • the wireless receiver is configured to receive a respective leakage signal with the one or more second receiver antenna elements.
  • the respective leakage signal is associated with the first transmitter signal and occupies the first time and frequency resources.
  • the wireless receiver is further configured to modify the respective leakage signal and subtract respective modified leakage signals from the respective first receiver signal.
  • the object is achieved by a method, performed by the wireless transceiver node according to the first aspect, for full duplex wireless communication in the wireless transceiver.
  • the method may further be for cancelling the Tx leakage at the active Rx antenna or at least for reducing influence of Tx-Rx leakage.
  • the wireless transceiver node transmits a first transmitter signal, occupying first time and frequency resources, from a first transmitter antenna element of the one or more transmitter antenna elements into a first transmit direction with the first lens.
  • the wireless transceiver node receives a first receiver signal with a first receiver antenna element of the one or more first receiver antenna elements from a first receive direction using the second lens, the first receiver signal occupying the first time and frequency resources.
  • the wireless transceiver node receives a respective leakage signal with the one or more second receiver antenna elements.
  • the respective leakage signal is associated with the first transmitter signal and occupies the first time and frequency resources.
  • the wireless transceiver node modifies the respective leakage signal and subtracts respective modified leakage signals from the respective first receiver signal.
  • the object is achieved by a computer program comprising instructions, which when executed by a processor, causes the processor to perform actions according to any of the aspects above.
  • the object is achieved by a carrier comprising the computer program of the aspect above, wherein the carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, an electromagnetic signal, a magnetic signal, an electric signal, a radio signal, a microwave signal, or a computer-readable storage medium.
  • the wireless transceiver is configured to subtract the respective modified leakage signals from the respective first receiver signal a low overhead, effective way of implementing Tx-Rx leakage cancellation is enabled.
  • the idle antenna to cancel the leakage does not carry any significant extra cost in hardware resources, since the receive chains are already present to support different beam directions.
  • the only additional functionality needed is to modify the leakage signal and subtract it.
  • the modification may be implemented by a phase and amplitude adjustment in analog passband or IF or baseband, which may be considered relatively cheap, especially if phase shifting is implemented in a Local Oscillator (LO) as part of mixing received signals.
  • LO Local Oscillator
  • the technique is well suited for sub-THz and THz systems with high bandwidth, where generating the cancellation in the digital domain would be costly due to the very high sample rates, characterizing and compensating for linear effects like signal delay and frequency response, as well as non-linear distortion.
  • Figure 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a lens and its focal points
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a switched-beam lens antenna for a transmitter
  • Figure 3 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a further switched-beam lens antenna for a receiver
  • Figure 4a is a block diagram schematically illustrating a switched-beam lens antenna according to some embodiments herein,
  • Figure 4b is a further block diagram schematically illustrating a switched-beam lens antenna according to some further embodiments herein,
  • Figure 4c is a further block diagram schematically illustrating a switched-beam lens antenna according to some further embodiments herein,
  • Figure 5a is a further block diagram schematically illustrating antenna elements of a switched-beam lens antenna according to some embodiments herein,
  • Figure 5b is a further block diagram schematically illustrating antenna elements of a switched-beam lens antenna according to some embodiments herein,
  • Figure 5c is a further block diagram schematically illustrating antenna elements of a switched-beam lens antenna according to some further embodiments herein,
  • Figure 6 is a flowchart illustrating embodiments of a method for leakage cancellation during full duplex communication
  • Figure 7 is a diagram of propagation channels seen by the leakage signal between the transmit antenna and different receive antennas
  • Figure 8 is a diagram illustrating link budget with leakage suppression requirement
  • Figure 9 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a system model for performance assessment
  • Figure 10 is a diagram schematically illustrating simulation results based on embodiments disclosed herein,
  • Figure 11 is a schematic block diagram illustrating embodiments of a wireless transceiver node according to some embodiments herein,
  • Figure 12 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a wireless communication system.
  • Embodiments herein relate to Tx-Rx leakage cancellation in full duplex operation of a wireless transceiver. More specifically, embodiments herein relate to a wireless transceiver in which a transmitter and a receiver use separate switched-beam lens antennas and transmit and receive in a full-duplex setup. Embodiments herein use a signal from one or several Rx chains, connected to antenna elements which are not intended to capture a received signal, e.g. antenna elements intended for other beam directions, or antenna elements dedicated to leakage cancellation, to cancel the Tx leakage at the active Rx antenna.
  • FIG. 4a schematically illustrates some example embodiments of a full-duplex wireless transceiver 400, i.e. the wireless transceiver 400 is for full duplex wireless communication.
  • the wireless transceiver 400 may be part of a wireless transceiver node, such as a wireless communications device or a base station.
  • the wireless transmitter 410 is configured to transmit a first transmitter signal STx, occupying first time and frequency resources, from a first transmitter antenna element AT 1 of the one or more transmitter antenna elements AT1-AT4 into a first transmit direction BT 1 with the first lens 412.
  • the first transmitter antenna element AT 1 may be arranged at a first transmitter position of a plane perpendicular to an axis A1 of the first lens 412.
  • the wireless transceiver 400 further comprises a wireless receiver 420 comprising a second switched beam antenna 421.
  • the second switched beam antenna 412 comprises two or more receiver antenna elements AR1-AR4, 511, 512, 521, 522 comprising one or more first receiver antenna elements AR1, 511 , 512 and one or more second receiver antenna elements AR2-AR4, 521 , 522.
  • the second switched beam antenna 412 further comprises a second lens 422 for beamforming a respective receive beam BR1 , BR2, BR4 to the two or more receiver antenna elements AR1-AR4, 511 , 512, 521 , 522.
  • Each receiver antenna element of the two or more receiver antenna elements AR1-AR4, 511, 512, 521, 522 is arranged at a different position with respect to an axis A2 of the second lens 422.
  • Each receiver antenna element is arranged on or near a focal plane of the second lens 422.
  • a focal region is formed for each ray with a specific angular direction. The feed for that beam of that direction is in that focal region.
  • the wireless receiver 420 is configured to receive a first receiver signal SRx1 with a first receiver antenna element AR1 , 511 of the one or more first receiver antenna elements AR1 , 511 , 512 from a first receive direction BR1 using the second lens 422.
  • the first receiver signal SRx1 occupies the first time and frequency resources. Further, the first receiver signal SRx1 is received from another wireless transceiver node, such as a second wireless transceiver node (not shown).
  • the first receive direction BR1 may be in the first transmit direction BT 1.
  • the wireless transceiver node may communicate in full duplex with the second wireless transceiver node.
  • the wireless receiver 420 is further configured to receive a respective leakage signal STx-Rx with the one or more second receiver antenna elements AR2-AR4, 521, 522.
  • the respective leakage signal STx-Rx being associated with the first transmitter signal STx and occupying the first time and frequency resources.
  • the one or more second receiver antenna elements AR2-AR4, 521 , 522 may be arranged close to first receiver antenna element AR1 , 511 (the active Rx antenna). By arranging the one or more second receiver antenna elements AR2-AR4, 521, 522 close to first receiver antenna element AR1 , 511 the respective leakage signal STx-Rx at the one or more second receiver antenna elements AR2-AR4, 521, 522 may be assumed to equal the leakage signal at the first receiver antenna element AR1 , 511 except for a scaling of the amplitude and the phase.
  • the wireless receiver 420 is further configured to modify the respective leakage signal STx-Rx and subtract respective modified leakage signals from the respective first receiver signal SRx1.
  • the one or more second receiver antenna elements AR2-AR4, 521, 522 may be arranged more than % of a radius of the second lens 422 and less than 0,7 times the radius of the second lens 422 from the axis A2 of the second lens 422.
  • a centre of the second lens 422 is arranged at a distance from a centre of the first lens 412 in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the second lens 422.
  • the distance is equal to or greater than a diameter of the respective first or second lens. More preferably, the distance is equal to or greater than 1,5 times the diameter of the respective first or second lens.
  • the wireless transceiver 400 supports simultaneous transmission and reception of independent data streams. Specifically, the wireless transceiver 400 illustrated in Figure 4a supports simultaneous transmission and reception of one independent data stream, where
  • a transmit stream is transmitted by RF transmitter Tx1 comprising RF electronics such as an up-conversion mixer and a power amplifier,
  • a receive stream is received by RF receiver Rx1 comprising RF electronics such as a Low-Noise Amplifier (LNA) and a down-conversion mixer, leakage Tx1-Rx1 is received by a leakage signal reception block 423 and cancelled by a leakage signal cancellation block 424 in analog domain.
  • LNA Low-Noise Amplifier
  • leakage signal reception block 423 and the leakage signal cancellation block 424 are combined in a single block.
  • the wireless receiver 420 is not configured for reception of the first receiver signal SRx1 using the one or more second receiver antenna elements AR2-AR4, 521 , 522.
  • the wireless receiver 420 is not configured for reception of communication signals occupying the first time and frequency resources using the one or more second receiver antenna elements AR2-AR4, 521 , 522.
  • Figure 4b illustrates some further details of the full-duplex wireless transceiver 400 illustrated in figure 4a.
  • the first transmitter signal STx is amplified by a power amplifier PA of the transmitter 410 and radiated by the first transmitter antenna element A T1 .
  • the radiated transmitter signal STx is further collimated by the first lens 412 (transmit lens L r ), resulting in the first beam B T1 (first transmit direction B T1 ) and beamformed transmit signal STx.
  • the first receiver signal SRx1 occupying the same time and frequency resources as transmit signal, is collimated by the second lens 422 (receive lens L R ) (collimation effectively represented as the first receive direction BR1 or first receive beam B R1 ), received by the first receiver antenna element AR1 , 511 and amplified by a low noise amplifier LNA .
  • a part of the first transmitter signal STx will be received by the first receive beam B R1 and follow the same reception path as s Rx .
  • This may be denoted as a Tx-Rx leakage signal STx-Rx.
  • STx-Rx As s Tx-Rx occupies same time and frequency resources as s Rx , it represents an interference signal that will compromise the reception performance of the received signal.
  • beams associated with other receive antennas A R2 - A R4 (denote those beams as B R2 - B R4 respectively) will also capture the interference signal S TX-RX- Those antennas may be denoted as “idle” since they are not involved in handling the reception of s Rx .
  • Tx-Rx leakage signal at first receiver antenna element AR1, 511 will differ from Tx-Rx leakage signal at the one or more second receiver antenna elements AR2-AR4, 521 , 522 only by a phase shift (arising from differences in length of propagation path, and as these differences in path length are very small, the resulting time difference may be modelled with sufficient accuracy by a frequency independent phase shift). Additionally, there may be a difference in amplitude between leakage signal at AR1, 511 and AR2-AR4, 521 , 522.
  • an appropriate modification of the signal at the first receiver antenna element AR1 , 511 may be determined by iteratively changing the value of a modification variable (amplitude or phase shift or both) and measuring the Tx-Rx suppression, or related performance metric, in the digital baseband.
  • the wireless receiver 420 may be configured to modify the leakage signal STx-Rx by scaling and/or phase shifting the leakage signal STx-Rx.
  • the wireless receiver 420 is configured to scale the leakage signal STx-Rx to match a leakage of the first transmitter signal STx1 at the respective one or more first receiver antennas AR1 , 511.
  • the leakage signal reception block 423 may scale the leakage signal and shift the phase of it.
  • the leakage signal reception block 423 may comprise the variable gain amplifier VGA2, VGA3 and a phase rotator Ph2, Ph3.
  • the leakage signal may then be subtracted from the signal at the first receiver chain.
  • the leakage signal may be subtracted from the signal at the first receiver chain by the leakage signal cancellation block 424.
  • the subtraction may be performed by a subtractor 425.
  • the phase of the leakage correction signal is adjusted in analog baseband, i.e. after downconversion and before the analog-to-digital conversion of the signals, by the analog phase rotators Ph 2 and Ph 2 .
  • phase may be adjusted at RF, e.g. between the LNA and a down-conversion mixer 426.
  • the phase of a signal from a local oscillator 427 may be tuned.
  • the modification of the phase is then performed by altering a phase of the local oscillator 427 which output signal is input to the down-conversion mixer 426.
  • a phase shifter will be outside the signal path and may be narrow-band.
  • the phase shifter is narrowband then the requirements on flat frequency response over a wide frequency range are relaxed. Also the linearity requirements are essentially gone, as the LO signal is just a single tone, so there will be no intermodulation distortion even if the phase shifter is very non-linear.
  • the local oscillator phase shifter may then have less chip area and power consumption compared to phase shifters in the RF signal path.
  • the phase shift may also be adjusted using a combination of techniques in different domains: RF, LO, IF, and analog baseband. For instance, coarse phase tuning of analog baseband may be combined with fine tuning of the local oscillator 427.
  • the gain of the LNAs in the cancellation branches may also be tuned, e.g. as a complement to the VGAs mentioned above.
  • the subtraction and modifications of the leakage signals may be performed in analog baseband, i.e. after the frequency downconversion and before the analog-to-digital conversion of the signals, regardless of receiver architecture (i.e., homodyne or heterodyne).
  • the subtraction and modifications of the leakage signals may be performed at analog intermediate frequency (IF) signals.
  • IF intermediate frequency
  • the subtraction and modifications of the leakage signals may also be performed at the RF signals (before the frequency downconversion of the signals) regardless of system architecture (i.e., homodyne or hetero-dyne).
  • signals from several idle Rx antennas may be modified simultaneously.
  • the modification may be different for different Rx antennas (e.g. different phase shift for different antennas).
  • all the modified signals may be simultaneously subtracted from the signal received by the active Rx antenna.
  • Some further embodiments are specifically suited for full duplex communication of multiple streams but may also be used for single streams.
  • the receiver lens is equipped with a set of extra antenna elements/ports that are used exclusively in canceling the near-end Tx-Rx leakage, specifically when multiple data streams are transmitted and received.
  • the extra cancellation antenna elements may be placed in a ring around the normal receiver antenna elements.
  • Tx-Rx leakage cancellation is performed by combining the received signal from a data reception element/port with a modified (e.g. a scaled and phase-rotated) signal from one or several of the cancellation antenna elements/ports.
  • Figure 4c illustrates the full-duplex wireless transceiver 400 in a case of two stream communication. It supports simultaneous transmission and reception of two independent data streams, where transmit streams 1 and 2 are transmitted by RF transmitters Tx1 and Tx2 and transmitter antenna elements AT1 , AT2, respectively, receive streams 1 and 2 are received by receiver antenna elements AR1, AR2 and RF receivers Rx1 and Rx2, respectively, leakage Tx1-Rx1, Tx1-Rx2, Tx2-Rx1 and Tx2-Rx2 are estimated from signals received by AR3 and AR4. The estimations are performed by the leakage signal reception block and cancelled in the analog domain.
  • Processing overhead for Tx-Rx leakage cancellation is contained in the analog part of the receiver 420 and thus consumes less power than legacy Tx-Rx leakage which is typically performed in digital baseband. Cancellation performed by phase rotation, scaling and addition, may be performed in analog domain with low complexity, especially if phase rotation is implemented by the local oscillator.
  • transmit streams may be transmitted in different directions.
  • Such configuration may arise in case of a transceiver transmitting the two data streams to two different directions, e.g. a line-of-sight direction and a reflection, in which case spatial properties of the channel ensures the independence of the streams.
  • a transceiver node comprising the transceiver communicates with two other transceiver nodes, which are located in different directions.
  • the leakage signal is received by antenna elements/ports not used for reception of the data signal transmitted by the far end, that is by another transceiver node.
  • a rationale is that 1) unused receiver antenna elements/ports will experience a leakage signal very similar to nearby victim receiver antenna elements/ports and 2) unused receiver antenna elements/ports already possess necessary hardware for reception, i.e. hardware is reused.
  • Embodiments below propose introduction of further antenna ports (“cancellation ports”) which specific purpose is cancellation of Tx-Rx leakage signal, i.e. they are not used for data reception.
  • the cancellation antennas may be placed in a ring outside the normal receiver antenna array, as shown in Figure 5a.
  • the two or more receiver antenna elements 511 , 512, 521 , 522 comprises the one or more first receiver antenna elements 511 , 512 and the one or more second receiver antenna elements 521 , 522.
  • the one or more second receiver antenna elements 521 , 522 comprises one or more cancellation antenna elements 521 , 522 which may be arranged around the one or more first receiver antenna elements 511 , 512.
  • at least one of the one or more second receiver antenna elements 521 , 522 is dedicated to cancellation of leakage signals.
  • the wireless transceiver 400 is not configured for communication based on the at least one of the one or more second receiver antenna elements 521 , 522.
  • the signal from one or several cancellation antennas may be phase shifted and/or scaled and added with a signal from one of the receive ports, containing a wanted signal and Tx-Rx near-end leakage.
  • the exact configuration of leakage signal reception and cancellation may depend on the method used, which will be elaborated in the description below.
  • the wireless receiver 420 is configured to receive a second receiver signal SRx2, occupying the first time and frequency resources, using at least one of the one or more second receiver antenna elements AR2-AR4, 521 , 522.
  • the second receiver signal SRx2 may originate from a further wireless transceiver node, such as a third wireless transceiver node.
  • the second receiver signal SRx2 may also originate from the second wireless transceiver node.
  • the one or more second receiver antenna elements AR2-AR4, 521, 522 comprises a second receiver antenna element 521 which is dedicated to cancellation of Tx-Rx leakage.
  • the one or more second receiver antenna elements AR2-AR4, 521, 522 further comprises a further second receiver antenna element 522 which is a normal receiver antenna element configured for reception of wireless signals, but which is idle, i.e. not receiving any signals from another transceiver node, during the time the first receiver antenna element 511 receives the first receiver signal SRx1.
  • a spatial null may be formed in the direction of an adversary first transmitter antenna element 501.
  • weights [0.5 1 0.5] are used for the first and second receiver antenna elements 511 , 521, 522 (0,5 to the second receiver antenna elements and 1 to the first receiver antenna element) and all weighted signals are added up, the resulting beam pattern has a maximum at boresight and a null in the end fire - i.e. the interference coming from the first transmitter antenna element 501 will be completely nulled out.
  • signals from several idle Rx antennas may be modified simultaneously.
  • the modification may be different for different Rx antennas (e.g. different phase shift for different antennas).
  • all the modified signals may be simultaneously subtracted from the signal received by the active Rx antenna.
  • two spatial nulls may be formulated (one towards the first transmitter antenna element 501 , an another towards a further first transmitter antenna element 502, as there are enough degrees of freedom (3 antennas) to form two spatial nulls.
  • each potential victim antenna has an upper, lower, right or left cancellation neighbor.
  • the first receiver antenna element 511 (victim antenna) is on the edge of the active antenna array and needs an upper neighbor, and so a row of antennas dedicated to leakage cancellation may be added above the receiver antenna array.
  • the other cancellation antenna i.e. the further second receiver antenna element 522, is from the set of data reception antennas but is idle, i.e. not receiving a data stream at the time of reception of the first receiver signal SRx1 at the first receiver antenna element 511.
  • a ring of cancellation antennas is also beneficial when the received beam is not perfectly aligned with a single antenna element.
  • the beam to receive may be between the first receiver antenna element 511 and the second receiver antenna element 522, so both receive part of the signal. Without the ring, there wouldn’t be any vertical neighbor antenna elements for forming an endfire null as described above.
  • the first receiver antenna element 511 and the second receiver antenna element 522 should have relative amplitudes and phases set for best reception of the desired signal when combined, and then the additional elements are needed to introduce more degrees of freedom to be able to form and control the direction of the desired null(s).
  • a second approach involves simultaneously resolving two or more leakage signals and cancelling them, all in analog domain. In other words, the interference is resolved and then subtracted.
  • the previous first embodiments were forming null directions towards the transmitter antenna elements 501 , 502, while the second embodiments which will be described below are instead forming null points at the transmitter antenna elements 501, 502.
  • the one or more first receiver antenna elements 511 , 512 comprises the first receiver antenna element 511 and a further first receiver antenna element 512.
  • xt1, xt2, xw1 and xw2 are all occupying same time frequency resources (full duplex setup with two streams).
  • Transmitter uses different beams for xt1 and xt2.
  • xw1 and xw2 come from a transmitter at the other side of the link. Which beams that transmitter is using is irrelevant for embodiments herein.
  • xr1 , xr2, xc1 and xc2 may all be associated with different beams (four different beams).
  • the channel effects are considered to be flat across the entire bandwidth. This assumption may not hold for far-end signals but that is of lesser relevance and doesn’t impact the cancellation as wanted signal is considered equivalent to noise in the cancellation model below.
  • the flat fading assumption is essential for good performance of the leakage cancellation, but it may be assumed that the Tx-Rx antenna channel will satisfy this requirement in a significant fraction of cases at millimeterwave frequencies, where potential reflections will be extremely weak.
  • the cancellation may be processed linearly with weight matrix F, implementing the leakage signal cancellation block 424 in Figure 4c.
  • the resulting signal is then here
  • the horizontal direction may be defined as a direction perpendicular to the direction of the data transmitting antenna 501 as seen from the data reception antennas
  • the two or more second receiver antenna elements AR2-AR4, 521, 522 may be arranged on opposing sides of the first receiver antenna element 511.
  • the two or more second receiver antenna elements AR2- AR4, 521, 522 are symmetrically arranged around the first receiver antenna element 511.
  • the two or more second receiver antenna elements AR2-AR4, 521, 522 may be arranged such that they surround the one or more first receiver antenna elements 511,
  • a distance between the cancellation antenna elements may depend on the size of the antenna elements.
  • the cancellation antennas may be spaced with a centre-to-centre distance of half a wavelength of the wireless signals. In some embodiments herein equal distances between the cancellation antenna elements are used.
  • FIG. 6 illustrates a flowchart of the method.
  • the method may further be for cancelling the Tx leakage at the active Rx antenna or at least for reducing influence of Tx-Rx leakage.
  • the wireless transceiver node 1100 comprises the wireless transceiver 400.
  • the wireless transceiver node transmits a first transmitter signal STx from the first transmitter antenna element AT 1 of the one or more transmitter antenna elements AT1- AT4 into the first transmit direction BT 1 with the first lens 412.
  • the first transmitter signal occupies the first time and frequency resources.
  • the wireless transceiver node receives a first receiver signal SRx1 with the first receiver antenna element 511 of the one or more first receiver antenna elements AR1, 511-512 from the first receive direction BR1 using the second lens 422.
  • the first receiver signal SRx1 occupies the first time and frequency resources.
  • the wireless transceiver node receives a respective leakage signal STx-Rx with the one or more second receiver antenna elements AR2-AR4, 521 , 522.
  • the respective leakage signal STx-Rx is associated with the first transmitter signal STx and occupies the first time and frequency resources.
  • the wireless transceiver node modifies the respective received leakage signal STx-Rx.
  • modifying the leakage signal STx-Rx is performed by scaling and/or phase shifting the leakage signal.
  • the leakage signal may be scaled to match a leakage of the first transmitter signal STx1 at the first receiver antenna AR1.
  • the wireless transceiver node subtracts the respective modified leakage signal STx-Rx from the first receiver signal SRx1.
  • modifying the leakage signal STx-Rx and/or subtracting the modified leakage signal from the first receiver signal SRx1 is performed such that a spatial null is formed in a direction of the first transmitter antenna element AT1.
  • Modifying the leakage signal STx-Rx and/or subtracting the modified leakage signal from the first receiver signal SRx1 may be performed in analogue domain.
  • the one or more transmitter antenna elements AT1- AT4 further comprises a second transmitter antenna element AT2, 502.
  • the wireless transceiver node may transmit a second transmitter signal, occupying the first time and frequency resources, from the second transmitter antenna element into a second direction with the first lens 412. Since the second transmitter signal occupies the first time and frequency resources, the transmitting of the second transmitter signal may be performed while the wireless transceiver node transmits a first transmitter signal STx.
  • the wireless transceiver node may receive a further first receiver signal SRx2 with a further first receiver antenna element AR2, 512 of the one or more first receiver antenna elements AR1 , AR2, 511 , 512 using the second lens 422.
  • the further first receiver signal SRx2 occupies the first time and frequency resources.
  • the wireless transceiver node may receive a respective second leakage signal with the one or more second receiver antenna elements AR2-AR4, 521, 522.
  • the respective second leakage signal may be associated with the second transmitter signal and occupies the first time and frequency resources.
  • the wireless transceiver node may then modify the respective received second leakage signal.
  • the wireless transceiver node may then subtract the respective modified first leakage signal from the further first receiver signal SRx2.
  • the wireless transceiver node may further subtract the respective modified second leakage signal from the first receiver signal SRx1 or from the further first receiver signal SRx2 or from both.
  • the method may further comprise selecting two second receiver antenna elements 521 , 522 among the at least four receiver antenna elements 511, 512, 521 , 522 by selecting two receiver antenna elements which are arranged as far apart from the first receiver antenna element 511 as possible in a horizontal direction. This selection is related to the embodiments discussed above in relation to Figures 5c and 5d.
  • a subset of the idle Rx antennas may be selected for Tx-Rx leakage cancellation based on a level of Tx-Rx suppression, or related performance metric, measured in the digital baseband.
  • a number and selection of idle antennas for reception and cancellation of the leakage signal may be made based on the structure of the propagation channel seen by the leakage signal s Tx-Rx and on the required level of leakage suppression.
  • Figure 7 illustrates exemplary propagation channel properties seen by the leakage signal between the transmit antenna and different receive antennas.
  • a first delay tap at T0 of the channels seen at antennas A R1 and A R2 are illustrated as having a very similar impulse response since the corresponding direct path between Tx and Rx are very similar. The only significant difference between the channels may be a constant phase shift.
  • a combination of signals from A R2 and A R4 may be used in the cancellation, each signal with properly selected amplitude scaling and phase shift.
  • Finding the values of tunable components (phases and amplitudes) in cancellation chains may be done iteratively by choosing one set of values and observing the reception performance in the digital baseband, then adjusting the tunable parameters, etc. until a satisfactory performance is achieved. This action may be performed in the background while the receiver is “online” and actively receiving s Rx while transmitting s Tx , or when only transmitting s Tx but not receiving anything. Operating in the background allows continuous tracking of the cancellation settings.
  • SNR Signal-to-Noise-Ratio
  • Free space pathloss between the near-end and far-end transceivers is, following the same formula as above, 100 dB.
  • Leakage power is therefore 2 dB below the wanted signal power and 8 dB above the noise power.
  • the leakage power may need to be 10 dB below the noise floor, i.e., residual leakage power after cancellation should be -60 dBm in this example.
  • This requirement may be compared with the requirement on Tx-Rx leakage suppression at lower frequencies e.g., at sub-6 GHz, which is typically on the order of 100 dB or more.
  • Tx-Rx leakage requirement in the described setup is much more relaxed, which is a consequence of several important aspects of our setup:
  • Lens-lens isolation is good due to high mainlobe to sidelobe ratio (ratio of mainlobe directivity to sidelobe directivity) of the lens
  • EIRP Equivalent isotropic radiated power
  • required Rx power is much higher than at lower frequencies. This in turn is due to a) worse receiver noise figure at high carrier frequencies b) extremely large bandwidth of 25 GHz.
  • a channel between A T1 at the second transceiver and A R1 at the first transceiver is /i t2 sculpture and a channel between A T1 at the second transceiver and A R2 at the first transceiver is h t21rl2 .
  • a signal transmitted from the first transceiver is x tl
  • a signal transmitted from the second transceiver is x t2 .
  • Leakage cancellation is analyzed at the first transceiver.
  • a signal after the mixer in the chain receiving the wanted signal is modeled as
  • the term x tl * h tlrl may be recognized as the Tx-Rx leakage at the active chain, the term x tl * h tlr2 as the Tx-Rx leakage at the cancellation chain which is used to cancel the leakage at the active chain.
  • G TXRXI DIRECT is the direct path gain between the Tx and Rx lenses and G TxRx,re flection is the path gain of the reflection.
  • the second tap has phase and ⁇ p 2 emulates the phase difference between active and cancellation paths in the first transceiver.
  • gain factor ft emulates the amplification of the second tap due to the choice of the cancellation antenna/beam: it is equal to 0 dB if the second tap is received by the sidelobe and 30 dB if it is received by the mainlobe.
  • Phase correction fa orr is discrete, with 20 equidistant phase points.
  • the suppression target is not met only in the case when the reflector is 0.5 meters away from the first transceiver and the cancellation beam points directly at the reflector. This case may be considered relatively unlikely and, if happens indeed, may be easily avoided by choosing another antenna element as the idle channel. As evidenced by the results shown in Figure 10, even in the case of such a close reflector the performance may be significantly improved by choosing another receive beam so that the second tap is filtered by the sidelobe.
  • FIG 11 illustrates further optional details of a wireless transceiver node 513, comprising the transceiver 400.
  • the transceiver node 513 may be a User Equipment or a base station.
  • the transceiver node 513 respectively may further comprise a memory 1102 comprising one or more memory units.
  • the memory comprises instructions executable by the processor in the transceiver node 513.
  • the respective memory 1102 is arranged to be used to store e.g. information, data, configurations, and applications to perform the methods herein when being executed in the transceiver node 513.
  • a computer program 1103 comprises instructions, which when executed by the at least one processor, cause the at least one processor of the n transceiver node 513 to perform the actions above.
  • a carrier 1105 comprises the computer program, wherein the carrier is one of an electronic signal, an optical signal, an electromagnetic signal, a magnetic signal, an electric signal, a radio signal, a microwave signal, or a computer- readable storage medium.
  • the transceiver node 513 may further comprise an input and output interface, I/O, 1106 configured to communicate with other devices.
  • the input and output interface 1106 may comprise the wireless transceiver 400 (not shown).
  • the units described above may refer to a combination of analog and digital circuits, and/or one or more processors configured with software and/or firmware, e.g. stored in the transceiver node 513, that when executed by the respective one or more processors such as the processors described above.
  • processors as well as the other digital hardware, may be included in a single Application-Specific Integrated Circuitry (ASIC), or several processors and various digital hardware may be distributed among several separate components, whether individually packaged or assembled into a system-on-a-chip (SoC).
  • ASIC Application-Specific Integrated Circuitry
  • SoC system-on-a-chip
  • Embodiments herein find many use cases in short range communication within next generation of cyber-physical systems, where high bandwidth and minimum latency is of vital importance. Including, but not exclusively:
  • Radio communication among XR sensing and actuating devices such as the mutual communication among XR glasses, haptical feedback/feedforward devices, mobile XR control/rendering/network-gateway devices.
  • Vehicle auto-pilot systems where safety in a complex traffic situation is critically dependent on low latency information from multiple sources.
  • Figure 12 illustrates a wireless communications network 170 in which embodiments herein may be implemented.
  • the wireless communications network 170 may use a number of different technologies, such as Wi-Fi, Long Term Evolution (LTE), LTE-Advanced, 5G, New Radio (NR), Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA), Global System for Mobile communications/enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution (GSM/EDGE), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), or Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), just to mention a few possible implementations.
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • NR New Radio
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • GSM/EDGE Global System for Mobile communications/enhanced Data rate for GSM Evolution
  • WiMax Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access
  • UMB Ultra Mobile Broadband
  • Network nodes operate in the wireless communications network 170 such as a network node 511.
  • the network node 511 provides radio coverage over a geographical area, a service area referred to as a cell 15, which may also be referred to as a beam or a beam group of a first radio access technology (RAT), such as 5G, LTE, Wi-Fi or similar. There may be more than one cell. For example, there may be a second cell 16 as well.
  • the network node 511 may be a NR-RAN node, transmission and reception point e.g. a base station, a radio access node such as a Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) access point or an Access Point Station (AP STA), an access controller, a base station, e.g.
  • WLAN Wireless Local Area Network
  • AP STA Access Point Station
  • a radio base station such as a NodeB, an evolved Node B (eNB, eNode B), a gNB, a base transceiver station, a radio remote unit, an Access Point Base Station, a base station router, a transmission arrangement of a radio base station, a stand-alone access point or any other network unit capable of communicating with a wireless device within the service area depending e.g. on the radio access technology and terminology used.
  • the respective network node 511 may be referred to as a serving radio access node and communicates with a UE with Downlink (DL) transmissions to the UE and Uplink (UL) transmissions from the UE.
  • DL Downlink
  • UL Uplink
  • a number of wireless communications devices operate in the wireless communication network 170, such as a wireless communications device 513.
  • the wireless communications device 513 may be a mobile station, a non-access point (non-AP) STA, a STA, a user equipment and/or a wireless terminal, that communicate via one or more Access Networks (AN), e.g. RAN, e.g. via the network node 511 to one or more core networks (CN) e.g. comprising a CN node 13, for example comprising an Access Management Function (AMF).
  • AN Access Networks
  • CN core networks
  • AMF Access Management Function
  • UE is a non-limiting term which means any terminal, wireless communication terminal, user equipment, Machine Type Communication (MTC) device, Device to Device (D2D) terminal, or node e.g. smart phone, laptop, mobile phone, sensor, relay, mobile tablets or even a small base station communicating within a cell.
  • MTC Machine Type Communication
  • D2D Device to Device

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)

Abstract

Un émetteur-récepteur sans fil (400) comprend un émetteur sans fil (410) pourvu d'une première antenne à faisceau commuté (411) comprenant un ou plusieurs éléments d'antenne d'émetteur (AT1-AT4) et une première lentille (412). L'émetteur sans fil (410) est conçu pour transmettre un premier signal d'émetteur (STx), occupant des premières ressources de temps et de fréquence, à partir d'un premier élément d'antenne d'émetteur (AT1). L'émetteur-récepteur sans fil (400) comprend un récepteur sans fil (420) pourvu d'une seconde antenne à faisceau commuté (421), qui comporte au moins deux éléments d'antenne de récepteur (AR1-AR4) comprenant un ou plusieurs premiers éléments d'antenne de récepteur (AR1) et un ou plusieurs seconds éléments d'antenne de récepteur (AR2-AR4), ainsi qu'une seconde lentille (422). Le récepteur sans fil (410) est conçu pour recevoir un premier signal de récepteur (SRx1) à l'aide d'un premier élément d'antenne de récepteur (AR1), le premier signal de récepteur (SRx1) occupant les premières ressources de temps et de fréquence. Le récepteur sans fil (410) est conçu pour recevoir un signal de fuite (STx-Rx) respectif, occupant les premières ressources de temps et de fréquence, à l'aide du ou des seconds éléments d'antenne de récepteur (AR2-AR4). Le récepteur sans fil (410) est conçu pour modifier le signal de fuite (STx-Rx) respectif et soustraire des signaux de fuite modifiés respectifs du premier signal de récepteur (SRx1) respectif.
PCT/EP2024/056804 2024-03-14 2024-03-14 Émetteur-récepteur sans fil en duplex intégral Pending WO2025190484A1 (fr)

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Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1093322A (ja) * 1996-09-18 1998-04-10 Honda Motor Co Ltd アンテナ装置
US20210208284A1 (en) * 2019-12-24 2021-07-08 Isotropic Systems Ltd High-gain multibeam gnss antenna

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH1093322A (ja) * 1996-09-18 1998-04-10 Honda Motor Co Ltd アンテナ装置
US20210208284A1 (en) * 2019-12-24 2021-07-08 Isotropic Systems Ltd High-gain multibeam gnss antenna

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Title
RASILAINEN ET AL.: "Hardware Aspects of Sub-THz Antennas and Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces for 6G Applications", IEEE JOURNAL OF SELECTED AREAS IN COMMUNICATIONS, vol. 41, 8 August 2023 (2023-08-08)
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