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WO2025190317A1 - Urea compounds as nlrp3 agonists - Google Patents

Urea compounds as nlrp3 agonists

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Publication number
WO2025190317A1
WO2025190317A1 PCT/CN2025/082116 CN2025082116W WO2025190317A1 WO 2025190317 A1 WO2025190317 A1 WO 2025190317A1 CN 2025082116 W CN2025082116 W CN 2025082116W WO 2025190317 A1 WO2025190317 A1 WO 2025190317A1
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Prior art keywords
alkyl
phenyl
fluoro
alkoxy
chloro
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PCT/CN2025/082116
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French (fr)
Inventor
Feng Shao
Xiangbing QI
Xiaoqing Wu
Xiaofan Liu
Qingcui WU
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National Institute of Biological Sciences Beijin
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National Institute of Biological Sciences Beijin
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Publication of WO2025190317A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025190317A1/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P31/00Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/4245Oxadiazoles
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61KPREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/47Quinolines; Isoquinolines
    • A61K31/4709Non-condensed quinolines and containing further heterocyclic rings
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P35/00Antineoplastic agents
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61PSPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P37/00Drugs for immunological or allergic disorders
    • A61P37/02Immunomodulators
    • A61P37/04Immunostimulants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D215/00Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems
    • C07D215/02Heterocyclic compounds containing quinoline or hydrogenated quinoline ring systems having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen atoms or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07DHETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D271/00Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07D271/02Heterocyclic compounds containing five-membered rings having two nitrogen atoms and one oxygen atom as the only ring hetero atoms not condensed with other rings
    • C07D271/101,3,4-Oxadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3,4-oxadiazoles
    • C07D271/1131,3,4-Oxadiazoles; Hydrogenated 1,3,4-oxadiazoles with oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms, directly attached to ring carbon atoms, the nitrogen atoms not forming part of a nitro radical

Definitions

  • urea compounds as NLRP3 agonists that modulate (e.g., agonizes or partially agonizes) NLRP3 and are thus useful for treating a disease or disorder in which an increase in NLRP3 signaling is observed.
  • urea compounds as NLRP3 agonists that modulate (e.g., agonizes or partially agonizes) NLRP3 and are thus useful for treating a disease or disorder in which an increase in NLRP3 signaling is observed.
  • pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and the method of treating a disease or disorder in which an increase in NLRP3 signaling is observed by using the same.
  • Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors represent a subfamily of NLRs that include a Pyrin domain and are constituted by proteins such as NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRP4, NLRP6, NLRP7, and NLRP12.
  • NLRPs are believed to be involved with the formation of multiprotein complexes, i.e., inflammasomes. Inflammasomes have been reported to promote inflammatory responses after infection or tissue damage, which typically consist of a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) , the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and the inflammatory protease caspase-1.
  • PRR cytosolic pattern recognition receptor
  • ASC apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD
  • caspase-1 cleaves pro-IL-1 ⁇ and pro-IL-18 into the bioactive cytokines, as well as cleaving gasdermin D (GSDMD) for cytokine release and cell death.
  • GDMD gasdermin D
  • the best-studied PRRs that form inflammasomes include the NLR proteins NLRP1, NLRP3 and NLRC4; the ALR protein AIM2; and the TRIM family member pyrin.
  • the NLRP3 inflammasome exerts its function primarily in myeloid cells, and it is over-expressed in myeloid leukemia cells.
  • NLRP3 inflammasome facilitates the release of IL-1 ⁇ and IL-18, both of which show potential in the treatment of various diseases including cancer (see, e.g., Chen, L-C. et al., EMBO Mol Med., 4 (12) : 1276-1293 (2012) ; Tse, B. W-C. et al., PLoS One, 6 (9) : e24241 (2011) ) ; Ma, Z. et al., Clin. Cancer Res. Jan 11. (2016) DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432. CCR-15-1655) . It has been found that activated NLRP3 can trigger an immune response and mutations in the NLRP3 gene are associated with a number of organ specific autoimmune diseases.
  • WO2017184746A1 disclose NLRP3 agonists having tricyclic fused ring structures.
  • urea compounds with novel structures in particular, diarylurea compounds as shown in Formula (II) or (III)
  • pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, as well as methods of modulating the NLRP3 activity or regulating the interaction associated with NLRP3, thus has potential to be developed as effective antitumor or immunostimulating agents.
  • R a and R b are each independently hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl;
  • R 1 is quinolinyl, oxadiazolyl, naphthalenyl, tetrahydronaphthalenyl, indolyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, imidazopyridinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, benzooxazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolinyl, indazolyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinazolinyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R 1a ,
  • R 1 is quinolin-6-yl which is substituted with R 1a at position 8 and is unsubstituted or substituted with R 1b at other positions.
  • R 1a is halogen, R 11a -O-, NHR 11b , heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, or phenyl, wherein said phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, oxo, C 1-6 alkyl, hydroxy, or C 1-6 alkoxy; and R 1b is halogen, NHR 11b , C 1-6 alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, or phenyl. In some embodiments, R 1b is at position 3.
  • R 1a is fluoro, chloro, bromo, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxy, amino, acetylamino, phenoxy, piperidin-4-ylmethoxy, pyrrolidin-1-yl, 2- ( (2-methoxyethyl) amino) ethoxy, 2-morpholinoethoxy, pyridin-3-ylmethoxy, (1H-pyrazol-3-yl) methoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, 2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, or 2- ( (5- ( (3aR, 4R, 6aS) -2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno [3, 4-d] imidazol-4-yl) pentyl) oxy) ethoxy.
  • R 1 is 1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 3- (5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 8-chloroquinolin-6-yl, 8-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 8-fluoroquinolin-6-yl, 8-ethoxyquinolin-6-yl, 8-hydroxyquinolin-6-yl, 8-aminoquinolin-6-yl, 8-acetylaminoquinolin-6-yl, 8-phenoxyquinolin-6-yl, 8- (piperidin-4-ylmethoxy) quinolin-6-yl, 8- (pyrrolidin-1-yl) quinolin-6-yl, 3-fluoro-8-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 3-bromo-8-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 3- ( (tert-butoxycarbonyl) amino) -8-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 3-
  • R 1 is 1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl or 3- (5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl.
  • R a and R b are each independently hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl;
  • R 1a is -COOR 11 or heteroaryl, wherein R 11 is hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl;
  • R 2 is phenyl, naphthalenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, or C 1-6 alkyl, wherein each of phenyl, naphthalenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, and cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R 21 , and said C 1-6 alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R 23 ; wherein R 21 is halogen; C 1-6 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, halogen
  • R a and R b are each independently hydrogen or C 1-6 alkyl;
  • R a and R b are both hydrogen.
  • R 1a is 5-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, R 1a is 5-membered heteroaryl comprising one heteroatom selected from oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R 1a is thiophenyl or furanyl. In some embodiments, R 1a is thiophen-3-yl or furan-3-yl. In some embodiments, R 1 is thiophen-3-yl.
  • R 2 is naphthalenyl, indacenyl, quinazolinyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, or alkyl, each of said naphthalenyl, quinazolinyl, C 3-8 cycloalkyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, and alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with cycloalkyl, alkoxy, halogen or oxo.
  • R 2 is naphthalen-2-yl, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7-hexahydro-s-indacen-4-yl, 8-fluoro-2, 4-dioxo-1, 4-dihydroquinazolin-3 (2H) -yl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cycloheptyl, 1H-indol-4-yl, 1H-indol-5-yl, quinolin-4-yl, quinolin-8-yl, quinolin-2-yl, quinolin-3-yl, quinolin-5-yl, quinolin-7-yl, pyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyridin-5-yl, propyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropylmethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, or 3-methoxypropyl.
  • R 2 is phenyl, which is substituted with 1 to 4 substituents R 21 . In some embodiments, R 2 is phenyl, which is substituted with 1 to 3 substituents R 21 . In some embodiments, R 2 is phenyl, which is substituted with 1 to 2 substituents R 21 . In some embodiments, R 2 is phenyl, which is substituted with R 21 .
  • R 22 is methoxy, ethoxy, or hydroxy.
  • R 22 is (tert-butyl) NH-, (cyclopentyl) NH-, (cyclohexyl) NH-, (allyl) NH-, or (2-methoxyethyl) NH-.
  • R 22 is 5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl comprising one or two nitrogen as ring member, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R 22c .
  • R 22 is piperazinyl, 1, 4-diazepanyl, piperidinyl or morpholino, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R 22c .
  • R 22 is piperazine-1-yl, 1, 4-diazepane-1-yl, or piperidine-1-yl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R 22c .
  • R 22c is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl; benzyl, 2-methoxyethyl; allyl; cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl; oxetan-3-yl, thiomorpholine-4-yl; p-tolyl, 4-fluorophenyl; pyridin-4-yl; fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo; oxo; methylsulfonyl; tert-butoxycarbonyl, acetyl, or ethoxycarbonyl.
  • R 22 is 4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperazine-1-yl, 4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -1, 4-diazepane-1, piperidine-1-yl, 4-methylpiperazine-1-yl, 4-chloropiperidine-1-yl, 4-oxopiperidine-1-yl, 4-benzylpiperazine-1-yl, 4- (thiomorpholine-4-yl, piperazine-1-yl, 4- (2-methoxyethyl) piperazine-1-yl, 4-acetylpiperazine-1-yl, 4- (ethoxycarbonyl) piperazin-1-yl, 4- (methylsulfonyl) piperazine-1-yl, 4-cyclohexylpiperazine-1-yl, 4-ethylpiperazine-1-yl, 4-isopropylpiperazine-1-yl, 4-cyclopropylpiperazine-1-yl, 4- (oxetan-3-y
  • R 22 is spiro-heterocyclyl, which is substituted with one or more substituents R 22d , wherein R 22d is as defined in Formula (I) .
  • R 22 is wherein n1, n2, n3 and n4 are each independently 1, 2, or 3; X is N or CH and R 22d is defined as above.
  • R 22 is diazaspiro [3.3] heptaneyl, or diazaspiro [3.5] nonaneyl, each of which is substituted with R 22d .
  • R 22 is 2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-2-yl, or 2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-7-yl, each of which is substituted with R 22d .
  • R 22d is tert-butoxycarbonyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl, (4- (ethoxycarbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl) carbamoyl, butylcarbamoyl, benzylcarbamoyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, neopentyl, isopropyl; phenethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, benzyl; allyl, but-3-en-1-yl’ methoxycarbonylpropyl, methoxycarbonylethyl, 3-methoxypropyl, 2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl; cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl.
  • R 22 is 6- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 7- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-2-yl, 2- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-2-yl, 2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-7-yl, 6-methyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- ( (4- (ethoxycarbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl) carbamoyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3]
  • R 2 is phenyl, which is substituted with one or more R 21 .
  • R 21 is halogen; C 1-6 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, halogen, C 1- 6 alkoxy, hydroxy, or phenyl; NR 2a R 2b ; nitro; cyano; aryl-C 1-6 alkoxy; C 1-6 alkoxy; hydroxy; haloC 1-6 alkyl; C 1- 6 alkylsulfonyl-; phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C 1-6 alkyl, or C 1-6 alkoxy.
  • R 21 is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, ethyl, methyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl , NH 2 , benzyloxy, nitro, methoxy, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, methylsulfonyl, phenyl, or 4-methoxyphenyl.
  • R 21 is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, ethyl, methyl, or isopropyl.
  • R 2 is 2, 6-difluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-ethyl-6-fluorophenyl, 2-amino-6-methylphenyl, 2-amino-6-methylphenyl, 2-methyl-6-nitrophenyl, 2-nitrophenyl, 2- (benzyloxy) phenyl, 2-methoxy-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl, 2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl, 2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-iodophenyl, 2-fluoro-6- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl, 2-isopropylphenyl, 2- (tert-butyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-methylphenyl, 2-bromo-6-methylphenyl, 2-chloro-6-methoxyphenyl, 2-bromo-6-me
  • R 2 is 2, 6-difluorophenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl, 2, 6-dimethylphenyl, 2, 6-dichlorophenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-4, 6-dimethylphenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-methylphenyl, 2-chloro-4- (N-cyclopropylsulfamoyl) -6-fluorophenyl, 8-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 4- ( (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperazin-1-yl) sulfonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro
  • the compound is a compound of formula (IIa) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, a tautomer thereof, or a deuterated analog thereof,
  • R 1 , R a , R b and R 22 are defined as in formula (I) ; and R 21a is halogen; C 1-6 alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, halogen, C 1-6 alkoxy, hydroxy, or phenyl; NR 2a R 2b ; nitro; cyano; aryl-C 1-6 alkoxy; C 1-6 alkoxy; hydroxy; haloC 1-6 alkyl; C 1-6 alkylsulfonyl-; phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C 1-6 alkyl, or C 1-6 alkoxy; and p is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.
  • R 21a is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, ethyl, methyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl , NH 2 , benzyloxy, nitro, methoxy, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, methylsulfonyl, phenyl, or 4-methoxyphenyl.
  • R 21a is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, ethyl, methyl, or isopropyl.
  • the compound is a compound selected from the group consisting of Compounds No. 1-311. In some embodiments, the compound is the exemplified compounds with EC50 value less than 60 ⁇ M. In some embodiments, the compound is the exemplified compounds with EC50 value less than 40 ⁇ M. In some embodiments, the compound is the exemplified compounds with EC50 value less than 20 ⁇ M. In some embodiments, the compound is the exemplified compounds with EC50 value less than 10 ⁇ M.
  • a method for modulating NLRP3 activity comprising contacting NLRP3 with any one of the compounds disclosed herein, including the compound of formula (I) or (Ia) or the exemplified compounds.
  • the method for modulating NLRP3 activity is agonizing and partially agonizing.
  • the method for modulating NLRP3 activity is an in vitro method, e.g., contacting a sample that includes one or more cells comprising NLRP3 with the compounds disclosed herein.
  • the method for modulating NLRP3 activity can also include a in vivo method; e.g., administering the compounds disclosed herein to a subject (e.g., a human) having a disease in which an increase in NLRP3 signaling may be desirable to correct a deficiency in innate immune activity that contributes to the pathology and/or symptoms and/or progression of the disease (e.g., cancer) .
  • a subject e.g., a human
  • a disease in which an increase in NLRP3 signaling may be desirable to correct a deficiency in innate immune activity that contributes to the pathology and/or symptoms and/or progression of the disease (e.g., cancer) .
  • a method for treating a disease or disorder in which a decrease in NLRP3 activity (e.g., associated with repressed or impaired NLRP3 signaling) contributes to the pathology and/or symptoms and/or progression of the disease or disorder in a subject, comprising administering to the subject in need an effective amount of the compounds disclosed herein.
  • provided herein is a method for treating a disease or disorder in which an increase in NLRP3 signaling is observed to correct a deficiency in innate immune activity that contributes to the pathology and/or symptoms and/or progression of the disease in a subject, comprising administering to the subject in need an effective amount of the compounds disclosed herein.
  • the disease or disorder disclosed herein is a cancer or an infectious disease or Alzheimer's disease.
  • the cancer is selected from acute myeloid leukemia, adrenocortical carcinoma, Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma, anal cancer, appendix cancer, teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct cancer, bladder cancer, bone cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, bronchial tumor, carcinoid tumor, cardiac tumor, cervical cancer, chordoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, bile duct cancer, endometrial cancer, ependymoma, esophageal cancer, esthesioneuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, eye cancer, fallopian tube cancer, gallbladder cancer, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, germ cell tumor, hairy cell leukemia, head and neck cancer, heart cancer, liver cancer, hyperphage, a
  • the cancer is selected from breast cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from hormone receptor positive breast cancer, microsatellite stable colon or rectal cancer, pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer.
  • the compound disclosed herein is administered in combination with one or more additional cancer therapies.
  • the one or more additional cancer therapies comprise surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, toxin therapy, immunotherapy, cryotherapy or gene therapy, or a combination thereof.
  • the infectious diseases include, without limitation, Acinobacter infection, actinomycosis, African sleeping sickness, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, amebiasis, anaplasmosis, anthrax, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection, Argentine hemorrhagic fever, ascariasis, aspergillosis, astrovirus infection, babesiosis, Bacillus cereus infection, bacterial pneumonia, bacterial vaginosis, Bacteroides infection, balantidiasis, Baylisascaris infection, BK virus infection, black piedra, Blastocystic hominis infection, blastomycosis, Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever, botulism, Brazilian hemorrhagic fever, brucellosis, bubonic plaque, Burkholderi infection, Buruli ulcer, Calicivirus infection, camptobacteriosis, candidiasis, cat-scratch disease, cellulitis, Chagas disease,
  • a pharmaceutical composition comprising any one of the compounds disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, or a deuterated analog thereof and a pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient.
  • NLRP3 includes, without limitation, nucleic acids, polynucleotides, oligonucleotides, sense and antisense polynucleotide strands, complementary sequences, peptides, polypeptides, proteins, homologous and/or orthologous NLRP3 molecules, isoforms, precursors, mutants, variants, derivatives, splice variants, alleles, different species, and active fragments thereof.
  • An “agonist” of NLRP3 or NLRP3 agonist includes compounds that, at the protein level, directly bind or modify NLRP3 such that an activity of NLRP3 is increased, completely or partially, e.g., by activation, stabilization, altered distribution, or otherwise.
  • alkyl refers to a hydrocarbon group selected from linear and branched saturated hydrocarbon groups comprising from 1 to 18, such as from 1 to 12, further such as from 1 to 10, more further such as from 1 to 8, or from 1 to 6, or from 1 to 4, carbon atoms.
  • alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms include, but not limited to, methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl or n-propyl, 2-propyl or isopropyl, 1-butyl or n-butyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl or isobutyl, 1-methylpropyl or s-butyl ( “s-Bu” ) , 1, 1-dimethylethyl or t-butyl ( “t-Bu” ) , 1-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-p
  • halogen refers to fluoro (F) , chloro (Cl) , bromo (Br) and iodo (I) .
  • haloalkyl refers to an alkyl group in which one or more hydrogen is/are replaced by one or more halogen atoms such as fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo.
  • haloalkyl include haloC 1-8 alkyl, haloC 1-6 alkyl or halo C 1-4 alkyl, but not limited to -CF 3 , -CH 2 Cl, -CH 2 CF 3 , -CCl 2 , CF 3 , and the like.
  • alkoxy refers to an alkyl group as defined above attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom.
  • alkyloxy e.g., C 1-6 alkyloxy or C 1-4 alkyloxy include, but not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentoxy and hexoxy and the like.
  • alkoxy-alkyl- refers to an alkyl group as defined above further substituted with an alkoxy as defined above.
  • alkoxy-alkyl- e.g., C 1-6 alkoxy-C 1-6 alkyl-include, but not limited to, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, isopropoxymethyl, or propoxymethyl and the like.
  • alkenyl group e.g., C 2-6 alkenyl
  • examples of the alkenyl group, e.g., C 2-6 alkenyl include, but not limited to ethenyl or vinyl, prop-1-enyl, prop-2-enyl, 2-methylprop-1-enyl, but-1-enyl, but-2-enyl, but-3-enyl, buta-1, 3-dienyl, 2-methylbuta-1, 3-dienyl, hex-1-enyl, hex-2-enyl, hex-3-enyl, hex-4-enyl, and hexa-1, 3-dienyl groups.
  • alkynyl herein refers to a hydrocarbon group selected from linear and branched hydrocarbon group, comprising at least one C ⁇ C triple bond and from 2 to 18, such as 2 to 8, further such as from 2 to 6, carbon atoms.
  • alkynyl group e.g., C 2-6 alkynyl
  • examples of the alkynyl group, e.g., C 2-6 alkynyl include, but not limited to ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl (propargyl) , 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, and 3-butynyl groups.
  • cycloalkyl refers to a hydrocarbon group selected from saturated cyclic hydrocarbon groups, comprising monocyclic and polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic and tricyclic) groups including fused, bridged or spiro cycloalkyl.
  • the cycloalkyl group may comprise from 3 to 12, such as from 3 to 10, further such as 3 to 8, further such as 3 to 6, 3 to 5, or 3 to 4 carbon atoms.
  • the cycloalkyl group may be selected from monocyclic group comprising from 3 to 12, such as from 3 to 10, further such as 3 to 8, 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
  • Examples of the monocyclic cycloalkyl group include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-cyclopent-1-enyl, 1-cyclopent-2-enyl, 1-cyclopent-3-enyl, cyclohexyl, 1-cyclohex-1-enyl, 1-cyclohex-2-enyl, 1-cyclohex-3-enyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl, and cyclododecyl groups.
  • Examples of the saturated monocyclic cycloalkyl group include, but not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl groups.
  • the cycloalkyl is a monocyclic ring comprising 3 to 6 carbon atoms (abbreviated as C 3-6 cycloalkyl) , including but not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl.
  • bicyclic cycloalkyl groups include those having from 7 to 12 ring atoms arranged as a fused bicyclic ring selected from [4, 4] , [4, 5] , [5, 5] , [5, 6] and [6, 6] ring systems, or as a bridged bicyclic ring selected from bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane, and bicyclo [3.2.2] nonane.
  • bicyclic cycloalkyl groups include those arranged as a bicyclic ring selected from [5, 6] and [6, 6] ring systems.
  • a cycloalkyl group also comprises at least one double bond or at least one triple bond.
  • deuterated in a deuterated analog is used herein to modify a chemical structure or an organic group or radical, wherein one or more carbon-bound hydrogen (s) are replaced by one or more deuterium (s) , e.g., “deuterated-alkyl” , “deuterated-cycloalkyl” , “deuterated-heterocycloalkyl” , “deuterated-aryl” , “deuterated-heteroaryl” , “deuterated-heterocyclyl” , and the like.
  • the term “deuterated-alkyl” defined above refers to an alkyl group as defined herein, wherein at least one hydrogen atom bound to carbon is replaced by a deuterium.
  • a deuterated alkyl group at least one carbon atom is bound to a deuterium; and it is possible for a carbon atom to be bound to more than one deuterium; it is also possible that more than one carbon atom in the alkyl group is bound to a deuterium.
  • -CD 3 and methyl-d3 are exchanable, and refer to a methyl group in which all the three hydrogen atoms are replaced by deuterium.
  • the other deuterated groups, such as deuterated alkyl is interpreted accordingly.
  • aryl used alone or in combination with other terms refers to a group selected from: - 5-and 6-membered carbocyclic aromatic rings, e.g., phenyl; - bicyclic ring systems such as 7 to 12 membered bicyclic ring systems, wherein at least one ring is carbocyclic and aromatic, e.g., naphthyl and indanyl; and, - tricyclic ring systems such as 10 to 15 membered tricyclic ring systems wherein at least one ring is carbocyclic and aromatic, e.g., fluorenyl.
  • a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring has 5 to 10 ring-forming carbon atoms (i.e., C5-10 aryl) .
  • Examples of a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring include, but not limited to, phenyl, naphth-1-yl, naphth-2-yl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, and the like.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon ring is a naphthalene ring (naphth-1-yl or naphth-2-yl) or phenyl ring.
  • the aromatic hydrocarbon ring is a phenyl ring.
  • heteroaryl herein refers to a group selected from: - 5-, 6-, 7, 8 or 9-membered aromatic, monocyclic rings comprising at least one heteroatom, for example, from 1 to 4, or, in some embodiments, from 1 to 3, in some embodiments, from 1 to 2, heteroatoms, selected from nitrogen (N) , sulfur (S) and oxygen (O) , with the remaining ring atoms being carbon; - 7-to 12-membered bicyclic rings comprising at least one heteroatom, for example, from 1 to 4, or, in some embodiments, from 1 to 3, or, in other embodiments, 1 or 2, heteroatoms, selected from nitrogen, oxygen or optionally oxidized sulfur as ring member (s) , with the remaining ring atoms being carbon and wherein at least one ring is aromatic and at least one heteroatom is present in the aromatic ring; and - 11-to 14-membered tricyclic rings comprising at least one heteroatom, for example, from 1 to 4, or in some embodiments, from 1
  • the total number of S and O atoms in the heteroaryl group exceeds 1, those heteroatoms are not adjacent to one another. In some embodiments, the total number of S and O atoms in the heteroaryl group is not more than 2. In some embodiments, the total number of S and O atoms in the aromatic heterocycle is not more than 1.
  • the heteroaryl group contains more than one heteroatom ring member, the heteroatoms may be the same or different. The nitrogen atoms in the ring (s) of the heteroaryl group can be oxidized to form N-oxides.
  • a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring has 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-or 10-ring forming members with 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatom ring members independently selected from nitrogen (N) , sulfur (S) and oxygen (O) and the remaining ring members being carbon.
  • the monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring is a monocyclic or bicyclic ring comprising 1 or 2 heteroatom ring members independently selected from nitrogen (N) , sulfur (S) and oxygen (O) .
  • the monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring is a 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl ring, which is monocyclic and which has 1 or 2 heteroatom ring members independently selected from nitrogen (N) , sulfur (S) and oxygen (O) .
  • the monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring is a 8-to 10-membered heteroaryl ring, which is bicyclic and which has 1 or 2 heteroatom ring members independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen.
  • heteroaryl group or the monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring examples include, but are not limited to, (as numbered from the linkage position assigned priority 1) pyridyl (such as 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl) , cinnolinyl, pyrazinyl, 2, 4-pyrimidinyl, 3, 5-pyrimidinyl, 2, 4-imidazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl (such as 1, 2, 3-thiadiazolyl, 1, 2, 4-thiadiazolyl, or 1, 3, 4-thiadiazolyl) , tetrazolyl, thienyl (such as thien-2-yl, thien-3-yl) , triazinyl, benzothienyl, furyl or furanyl, benzofuryl, benzoimidazo
  • Heterocyclyl, ” “heterocycle” or “heterocyclic” are interchangeable and refer to a non-aromatic heterocyclyl group comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen or optionally oxidized sulfur as ring members, with the remaining ring members being carbon, including monocyclic, fused, bridged, and spiro ring, i.e., containing monocyclic heterocyclyl, bridged heterocyclyl, spiro heterocyclyl, and fused heterocyclic groups.
  • Exemplary monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl groups include, but not limited to, (as numbered from the linkage position assigned priority 1) pyrrolidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, imidazolidin-2-yl, imidazolidin-4-yl , pyrazolidin-2-yl, pyrazolidin-3-yl, piperidin-1-yl, piperidin-2-yl, piperidin-3-yl, piperidin-4-yl, 2, 5-piperazinyl, pyranyl, morpholinyl, morpholino, morpholin-2-yl, morpholin-3-yl, oxiranyl, aziridin-1-yl, aziridin-2-yl, azocan-1-yl, azocan-2-yl, azocan-3-yl, azocan-4-yl, azocan-5-yl, thiiranyl, azeti
  • “Spiro heterocyclyl” refers to a 5 to 20 membered polycyclic heterocyclyl with rings connected through one common carbon atom (called a spiro atom) , wherein said rings have one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, SO or SO 2 heteroatoms as ring atoms, with the remaining ring atoms being C, wherein one or more rings may contain one or more double bonds, but none of the rings has a completely conjugated pi-electron system.
  • a spiro heterocyclyl is 6 to 14 membered, and more preferably 7 to 10 membered.
  • a spiro heterocyclyl is divided into 4-membered/4-membered, 4-membered/5-membered, 4-membered/6-membered, 5-membered/5-membered, or 5-membered/6-membered mono-spiro heterocyclyl.
  • spiro heterocyclyls include, but are not limited to the following groups: 1, 7-dioxaspiro [4.5] decyl, 2-oxa-7-aza-spiro [4.4] nonyl, 7-oxa spiro [3.5] nonyl, 5-oxa-spiro [2.4] heptyl, 2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptaneyl, 2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonaneyl.
  • Enantiomers refer to two stereoisomers of a compound which are non-superimposable mirror images of one another. Where the compounds disclosed herein possess two or more asymmetric centers, they may additionally exist as diastereomers. Enantiomers and diastereomers fall within the broader class of stereoisomers. All such possible stereoisomers as substantially pure resolved enantiomers, racemic mixtures thereof, as well as mixtures of diastereomers are intended to be included. All stereoisomers of the compounds disclosed herein and /or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are intended to be included. Unless specifically mentioned otherwise, reference to one isomer applies to any of the possible isomers. Whenever the isomeric composition is unspecified, all possible isomers are included.
  • substituents found on cyclohexyl or cyclobutyl ring may adopt cis and trans formations.
  • Cis formation means that both substituents are found on the upper side of the 2 substituent placements on the carbon, while trans would mean that they were on opposing sides.
  • reaction products from one another and /or from starting materials.
  • the desired products of each step or series of steps is separated and /or purified (hereinafter separated) to the desired degree of homogeneity by the techniques common in the art.
  • separations involve multiphase extraction, crystallization from a solvent or solvent mixture, distillation, sublimation, or chromatography.
  • Chromatography can involve any number of methods including, for example: reverse-phase and normal phase; size exclusion; ion exchange; high, medium and low pressure liquid chromatography methods and apparatus; small scale analytical; simulated moving bed ( “SMB” ) and preparative thin or thick layer chromatography, as well as techniques of small scale thin layer and flash chromatography.
  • SMB simulated moving bed
  • Diastereomers refers to stereoisomers of a compound with two or more chiral centers but which are not mirror images of one another. Diastereomeric mixtures can be separated into their individual diastereomers on the basis of their physical chemical differences by methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as by chromatography and /or fractional crystallization.
  • Enantiomers can be separated by converting the enantiomeric mixture into a diastereomeric mixture by reaction with an appropriate optically active compound (e.g., chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher’s acid chloride) , separating the diastereomers and converting (e.g., hydrolyzing) the individual diastereoisomers to the corresponding pure enantiomers.
  • an appropriate optically active compound e.g., chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher’s acid chloride
  • Enantiomers can also be separated by use of a chiral HPLC column.
  • a single stereoisomer e.g., a substantially pure enantiomer
  • Racemic mixtures of chiral compounds of the invention can be separated and isolated by any suitable method, including: (1) formation of ionic, diastereomeric salts with chiral compounds and separation by fractional crystallization or other methods, (2) formation of diastereomeric compounds with chiral derivatizing reagents, separation of the diastereomers, and conversion to the pure stereoisomers, and (3) separation of the substantially pure or enriched stereoisomers directly under chiral conditions. See: Wainer, Irving W., Ed. Drug Stereochemistry: Analytical Methods and Pharmacology. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1993.
  • tautomer is a type of isomer that includes two or more interconvertible compounds resulting from at least one formal migration of a hydrogen atom and at least one change in valency (e.g., a single bond to a double bond, a triple bond to a single bond, or vice versa) .
  • a trizolyl group may have following tautomeric forms,
  • “Pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio.
  • a pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds disclosed herein, or separately by reacting the free base function with a suitable organic acid or by reacting the acidic group with a suitable base.
  • the free base can be obtained by basifying a solution of the acid salt.
  • an addition salt such as a pharmaceutically acceptable addition salt, may be produced by dissolving the free base in a suitable organic solvent and treating the solution with an acid, in accordance with conventional procedures for preparing acid addition salts from base compounds.
  • “apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof” includes salts of at least one compound of Formula (I) , and salts of the stereoisomers of the compound of Formula (I) , such as salts of enantiomers, and /or salts of diastereomers.
  • administration when applied to an animal, human, experimental subject, cell, tissue, organ, or biological fluid, mean contact of an exogenous pharmaceutical, therapeutic, diagnostic agent, or composition to the animal, human, subject, cell, tissue, organ, or biological fluid.
  • Treatment of a cell encompasses contact of a reagent to the cell, as well as the contact of a reagent to a fluid, where the fluid is in contact with the cell.
  • administration and “treatment” also means in vitro and ex vivo treatments, e.g., of a cell, by a reagent, diagnostic, binding compound, or by another cell.
  • subject herein includes any organism, preferably an animal, more preferably a mammal (e.g., rat, mouse, dog, cat, rabbit) and most preferably a human.
  • an effective amount refers to an amount of the active ingredient, such as a compound that, when administered to a subject for treating a disease, or at least one of the clinical symptoms of a disease or disorder, is sufficient to affect such treatment for the disease, disorder, or symptom.
  • the “therapeutically effective amount” can vary with the compound, the disease, disorder, and/or symptoms of the disease or disorder, severity of the disease, disorder, and/or symptoms of the disease or disorder, the age of the subject to be treated, and/or the weight of the subject to be treated. An appropriate amount in any given instance can be apparent to those skilled in the art or can be determined by routine experiments.
  • “therapeutically effective amount” is an amount of at least one compound and /or at least one stereoisomer thereof, and /or at least one pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof disclosed herein effective to “treat” as defined above, a disease or disorder in a subject.
  • the “therapeutically effective amount” refers to the total amount of the combination objects for the effective treatment of a disease, a disorder or a condition.
  • Cn-m indicates a range which includes the endpoints, wherein n and m are integers and indicate the number of carbons. Examples include C1-8, C 1-6 , and the like.
  • unsubstituted or substituted with refers to that such a group is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituents, e.g., R 21 .
  • substituted with... e.g., “substituted with R 21 ”
  • At least one or “one or more” are exchangeable and refer to one, two, three or more of the subject in reference to which the term is used.
  • at least one substituent refers to one, two, three or more substituent, for Example A to 4, 1 to 3, 1 or 2, or one substituents, as long as the valence theory has been met.
  • Reagents and solvents were obtained from commercial sources such as Sigma-Aldrich, Alfa, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (SCRC) or other, unless explicitly indicated otherwise.
  • Example A Synthesis of 1- (2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl) -3- (5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) urea (4) .
  • This isocyanate was prepared according to the same synthetic procedure in Step 2 of Example A. It was used in the next step directly.
  • THP-1 cells were plated at a density of 100,000 cells per well in 50 ⁇ L of complete medium (RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10%FBS and 2mM L-glutamine) . Subsequently, 50 ⁇ L of the test compound in complete medium was added, and the cells were treated for 4 hours. Cell viability was determined by measuring ATP levels using Cell Titer-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay kit. Dose-response plots of cell viability versus compound concentration were generated, and cell killing potency (EC 50 ) was determined as the concentration of test compound that reduced cell viability by 50%. Results were shown in Table 5 and 6.
  • Results were shown in table 5 and 6 (ND means “not determined” ) .
  • Table 5. EC 50 ( ⁇ M) of the arylurea agents on inducing THP-1 cell death
  • Table 6 Cell Survival Assay
  • Cell survival assay was performed using Cell Titer-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay kit. A Cell Titer-Glo assay (Promega) was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Luminescence was recorded with a Tecan GENios Pro plate reader.

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Abstract

Provided herein are urea compounds as NLRP3 agonists that modulate (e.g., agonizes or partially agonizes) NLRP3 and are thus useful for treating a disease or disorder in which an increase in NLRP3 signaling is observed. Provided herein are also pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and the method of treating a disease or disorder in which an increase in NLRP3 signaling is observed by using the same.

Description

UREA COMPOUNDS AS NLRP3 AGONISTS FIELD OF THE INVENTION
Provided herein are urea compounds as NLRP3 agonists that modulate (e.g., agonizes or partially agonizes) NLRP3 and are thus useful for treating a disease or disorder in which an increase in NLRP3 signaling is observed. Provided herein are also pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same and the method of treating a disease or disorder in which an increase in NLRP3 signaling is observed by using the same.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptors ( “NLRs” ) represent a subfamily of NLRs that include a Pyrin domain and are constituted by proteins such as NLRP1, NLRP3, NLRP4, NLRP6, NLRP7, and NLRP12. NLRPs are believed to be involved with the formation of multiprotein complexes, i.e., inflammasomes. Inflammasomes have been reported to promote inflammatory responses after infection or tissue damage, which typically consist of a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor (PRR) , the adaptor protein apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC) and the inflammatory protease caspase-1. Once active, caspase-1 cleaves pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into the bioactive cytokines, as well as cleaving gasdermin D (GSDMD) for cytokine release and cell death. The best-studied PRRs that form inflammasomes include the NLR proteins NLRP1, NLRP3 and NLRC4; the ALR protein AIM2; and the TRIM family member pyrin. The NLRP3 inflammasome exerts its function primarily in myeloid cells, and it is over-expressed in myeloid leukemia cells. Further, the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome facilitates the release of IL-1β and IL-18, both of which show potential in the treatment of various diseases including cancer (see, e.g., Chen, L-C. et al., EMBO Mol Med., 4 (12) : 1276-1293 (2012) ; Tse, B. W-C. et al., PLoS One, 6 (9) : e24241 (2011) ) ; Ma, Z. et al., Clin. Cancer Res. Jan 11. (2016) DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432. CCR-15-1655) . It has been found that activated NLRP3 can trigger an immune response and mutations in the NLRP3 gene are associated with a number of organ specific autoimmune diseases.
WO2017184746A1, WO2018152396A1 and WO2019209896A1 disclose NLRP3 agonists having tricyclic fused ring structures.
There is a need of more NLRP3 agonists with different structures.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Provided herein are urea compounds with novel structures, in particular, diarylurea compounds as shown in Formula (II) or (III) , pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, as well as methods of modulating the NLRP3 activity or regulating the interaction associated with NLRP3, thus has potential to be developed as effective antitumor or immunostimulating agents.
In one aspect, provided herewith is a compound of Formula (I)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, a tautomer thereof, or a deuterated analog 
thereof,
Ra and Rb are each independently hydrogen or C1-6alkyl;
R1 is heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or cycloalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or 
more R1a,
wherein
R1a is halogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, carboxy, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -, R11a-O-, NHR11b
heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, or phenyl, wherein said phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, hydroxy, or C1-6alkoxy;
R11a is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl-, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkoxy-, C1-6alkoxy-C1-
6alkoxy-, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-NH-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkoxy-C1- 6alkyl-, wherein said phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl, either per se or as an moiety, is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, hydroxy, or C1-6alkoxy; R11b is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -;
R2 is phenyl, naphthalenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, or C1-6alkyl, wherein each of phenyl, 
naphthalenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, and cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R21, and said C1-6alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R23;
wherein
R21 is halogen; C1-6alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, halogen, C1-6alkoxy, 
hydroxy, or phenyl; NR2aR2b; nitro; cyano; aryl-C1-6alkoxy; C1-6alkoxy; hydroxy; haloC1-6alkyl; C1- 6alkylsulfonyl-; phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy; -C (=O) R22, or -S (O) 2R22,
Wherein
R2a and R2b are each independently hydrogen or C1-6alkyl, and
R22 is
(a) hydroxy or C1-6alkoxy;
(b) -NR22aR22b, wherein R22a and R22b are each independently hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, 
C3-8cycloalkyl, or C1-6alkyl-C1-6alkoxy;
(c) heterocyclyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R22c
wherein R22c is selected from halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl, C2- 6alkenyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl, halogen or C1-6alkyl substituted phenyl, C1-6alkyl-S (O) 2-, C1-6alkyl-S (O) -, C1-6alkoxycarbonyl, C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, haloC1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heterocyclyl-C (=O) -, heteroaryl-C (=O) -, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -, or phenyl-C (=O) -; or
(d) spiro-heterocyclyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents 
R22d, wherein R22d is selected from:
1) C1-6alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy, C1-
6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6alkoxyC1-6alkoxy-or C1-6alkoxycarbonyl;
2) C2-6alkenyl or C2-6alkynyl;
3) C1-6alkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy, 
C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy;
4) C3-8cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, 
heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, each of said C3-8cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkoxy;
5) C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -, or C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, wherein said C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkoxy is 
unsubstituted or substituted with halogen or deuterium;
6) R22e-NH-C (=O) -, wherein R22e is C1-6alkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, 
phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, each of said phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C1-6alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkoxy; and
R23 is deuterium, oxo, halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkoxy, C3-8cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl.
In some embodiments, R1 is quinolinyl, oxadiazolyl, naphthalenyl, tetrahydronaphthalenyl, indolyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, imidazopyridinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, benzooxazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolinyl, indazolyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinazolinyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R1a,
Wherein R1a is halogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -, R11a-O-, NHR11b,
heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, or phenyl, wherein said phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or 
substituted with one or more halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, hydroxy, or C1-6alkoxy;
R11a is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl-, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkoxy-, C1-6alkoxy-C1-
6alkoxy-, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-NH-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkoxy-C1- 6alkyl-, phenyl-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, wherein said phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl, either per se or as an moiety, is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, hydroxy, or C1-6alkoxy;
R11b is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -.
In some embodiments, R1 is quinolin-6-yl which is substituted with R1a at position 8 and is unsubstituted or substituted with R1b at other positions. In some embodiments, R1a and R1b are each independently halogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -, R11a-O-, NHR11b, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, or phenyl, wherein said phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, hydroxy, or C1-6alkoxy; wherein R11a is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl-, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkoxy-, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkoxy-, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, C1-6alkoxy-C1- 6alkyl-NH-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, wherein said phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl, either per se or as an moiety, is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, hydroxy, or C1-6alkoxy. In some embodiments, R11b is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -.
In some embodiments, R1a is halogen, R11a-O-, NHR11b, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, or phenyl, wherein said phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, hydroxy, or C1-6alkoxy; and R1b is halogen, NHR11b, C1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, or phenyl. In some embodiments, R1b is at position 3.
In some embodiments, R1a is fluoro, chloro, bromo, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxy, amino, acetylamino, phenoxy, piperidin-4-ylmethoxy, pyrrolidin-1-yl, 2- ( (2-methoxyethyl) amino) ethoxy, 2-morpholinoethoxy, pyridin-3-ylmethoxy, (1H-pyrazol-3-yl) methoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, 2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, or 2- ( (5- ( (3aR, 4R, 6aS) -2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno [3, 4-d] imidazol-4-yl) pentyl) oxy) ethoxy.
In some embodiments, R1 is 1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 3- (5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 8-chloroquinolin-6-yl, 8-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 8-fluoroquinolin-6-yl, 8-ethoxyquinolin-6-yl, 8-hydroxyquinolin-6-yl, 8-aminoquinolin-6-yl, 8-acetylaminoquinolin-6-yl, 8-phenoxyquinolin-6-yl, 8- (piperidin-4-ylmethoxy) quinolin-6-yl, 8- (pyrrolidin-1-yl) quinolin-6-yl, 3-fluoro-8-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 3-bromo-8-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 3- ( (tert-butoxycarbonyl) amino) -8-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 3-amino-8-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 3-fluoro-8- (2- ( (2-methoxyethyl) amino) ethoxy) quinolin-6-yl, 3-fluoro-8- (2-morpholinoethoxy) quinolin-6-yl, 8-methoxy-3- (1H-pyrazol-5-yl) quinolin-6-yl, 8- (pyridin-3-ylmethoxy) quinolin-6-yl, 8- ( (1H-pyrazol-3-yl) methoxy) quinolin-6-yl, 8- (2-methoxyethoxy) quinolin-6-yl, 8- (2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy) quinolin-6-yl, 8- (2-methoxyethoxy) quinolin-6-yl, 8- (2-methoxyethoxy) quinolin-6-yl , 8- (2- ( (5- ( (3aR, 4R, 6aS) -2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno [3, 4-d] imidazol-4-yl) pentyl) oxy) ethoxy) quinolin-6-yl, naphthalen-1-yl, naphthalen-2-yl, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl, 1H-indol-4-yl, pyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyridin-5-yl, 1H-indol-5-yl, 1-methyl-1H-indol-6-yl, 1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl, pyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyridin-6-yl, imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridin-6-yl, 3a, 7a-dihydro-1H-benzo [d] imidazol-6-yl, pyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidin-5-yl, 3a, 7a-dihydrobenzo [d] oxazol-6-yl, benzofuran-5-yl, benzo [b] thiophen-5-yl, quinolin-6-yl, 1H-indazol-5-yl, quinoxalin-6-yl, 1, 5-naphthyridin-2-yl, 7-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 2-chloroquinolin-6-yl, 5-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 3-fluoroquinolin-6-yl, 7-fluoroquinolin-6-yl, 3-chloroquinolin-6-yl, 3-methoxycarbonylquinolin-6-yl, 4-chloroquinolin-6-yl, quinazolin-6-yl, 4-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 5-fluoroquinolin-6-yl, 3-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, quinolin-2-yl, quinolin-3-yl, quinolin-7-yl.
In some embodiments, R1 is 1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl or 3- (5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl.
In one aspect, provided herewith is a compound of Formula (II)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, a tautomer thereof, or a deuterated analog 
thereof,
Ra and Rb are each independently hydrogen or C1-6alkyl;
R1a is -COOR11 or heteroaryl, wherein R11 is hydrogen or C1-6alkyl;
R2 is phenyl, naphthalenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, or C1-6alkyl, wherein each of phenyl, 
naphthalenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, and cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R21, and said C1-6alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R23;
wherein
R21 is halogen; C1-6alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, halogen, C1-6alkoxy, 
hydroxy, or phenyl; NR2aR2b; nitro; cyano; aryl-C1-6alkoxy; C1-6alkoxy; hydroxy; haloC1-6alkyl; C1- 6alkylsulfonyl-; phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy; -C (=O) R22, or -S (O) 2R22,
Wherein
R2a and R2b are each independently hydrogen or C1-6alkyl, and
R22 is
(a) hydroxy or C1-6alkoxy;
(b) -NR22aR22b, wherein R22a and R22b are each independently hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, 
C3-8cycloalkyl, or C1-6alkyl-C1-6alkoxy;
(c) heterocyclyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R22c
wherein R22c is selected from halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl, C2- 6alkenyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl, halogen or C1-6alkyl substituted phenyl, C1-6alkyl-S (O) 2-, C1-6alkyl-S (O) -, C1-6alkoxycarbonyl, C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, haloC1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heterocyclyl-C (=O) -, heteroaryl-C (=O) -, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -, or phenyl-C (=O) -; or
(d) spiro-heterocyclyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents 
R22d, wherein R22d is selected from:
1) C1-6alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, 
hydroxy, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6alkoxyC1-6alkoxy-or C1- 6alkoxycarbonyl;
2) C2-6alkenyl or C2-6alkynyl;
3) C1-6alkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, 
hydroxy, C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy;
4) C3-8cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-
6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, each of said C3- 8cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkoxy;
5) C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -, or C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, wherein said C1-6alkyl or C1-
6alkoxy is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen or deuterium;
6) R22e-NH-C (=O) -, wherein R22e is C1-6alkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, 
heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, each of said phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C1-6alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkoxy; and
R23 is deuterium, oxo, halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkoxy, C3-8cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl.
In one aspect, provided herewith is a compound of Formula (III)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, a tautomer thereof, or a deuterated analog 
thereof,
Ra and Rb are each independently hydrogen or C1-6alkyl;
R1a and R1b are each independently R1a and R1b are each independently halogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-
6alkynyl, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -, R11a-O-, NHR11b, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, or phenyl, wherein said phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, hydroxy, or C1-6alkoxy; wherein R11a is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl-, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkoxy-, C1- 6alkoxy-C1-6alkoxy-, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-NH-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, wherein said phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl, either per se or as an moiety, is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, oxo, C1- 6alkyl, hydroxy, or C1-6alkoxy;
R2 is phenyl, naphthalenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, or C1-6alkyl, wherein each of phenyl, 
naphthalenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, and cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R21, and said C1-6alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R23;
wherein
R21 is halogen; C1-6alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, halogen, C1-6alkoxy, 
hydroxy, or phenyl; NR2aR2b; nitro; cyano; aryl-C1-6alkoxy; C1-6alkoxy; hydroxy; haloC1-6alkyl; C1- 6alkylsulfonyl-; phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy; -C (=O) R22, or -S (O) 2R22,
Wherein
R2a and R2b are each independently hydrogen or C1-6alkyl, and
R22 is
(a) hydroxy or C1-6alkoxy;
(b) -NR22aR22b, wherein R22a and R22b are each independently hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, 
C3-8cycloalkyl, or C1-6alkyl-C1-6alkoxy;
(c) heterocyclyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R22c
wherein R22c is selected from halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl, C2- 6alkenyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl, halogen or C1-6alkyl substituted phenyl, C1-6alkyl-S (O) 2-, C1-6alkyl-S (O) -, C1-6alkoxycarbonyl, C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, haloC1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heterocyclyl-C (=O) -, heteroaryl-C (=O) -, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -, or phenyl-C (=O) -; or
(d) spiro-heterocyclyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents 
R22d, wherein R22d is selected from:
1) C1-6alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy, C1-
6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6alkoxyC1-6alkoxy-or C1-6alkoxycarbonyl;
2) C2-6alkenyl or C2-6alkynyl;
3) C1-6alkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy, 
C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy;
4) C3-8cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, 
heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, each of said C3-8cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkoxy;
5) C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -, or C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, wherein said C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkoxy is 
unsubstituted or substituted with halogen or deuterium;
6) R22e-NH-C (=O) -, wherein R22e is C1-6alkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, 
phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, each of said phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C1-6alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkoxy; and
R23 is deuterium, oxo, halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkoxy, C3-8cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl.
In some embodiments, Ra and Rb are both hydrogen.
In some embodiments, R1a is 5-membered heteroaryl. In some embodiments, R1a is 5-membered heteroaryl comprising one heteroatom selected from oxygen, nitrogen, or sulfur. In some embodiments, R1a is thiophenyl or furanyl. In some embodiments, R1a is thiophen-3-yl or furan-3-yl. In some embodiments, R1 is thiophen-3-yl.
In some embodiments, R2 is naphthalenyl, indacenyl, quinazolinyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, or alkyl, each of said naphthalenyl, quinazolinyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, and alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with cycloalkyl, alkoxy, halogen or oxo.
In some embodiments, R2 is naphthalen-2-yl, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7-hexahydro-s-indacen-4-yl, 8-fluoro-2, 4-dioxo-1, 4-dihydroquinazolin-3 (2H) -yl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cycloheptyl, 1H-indol-4-yl, 1H-indol-5-yl, quinolin-4-yl, quinolin-8-yl, quinolin-2-yl, quinolin-3-yl, quinolin-5-yl, quinolin-7-yl, pyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyridin-5-yl, propyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropylmethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, or 3-methoxypropyl.
In some embodiments, R2 is phenyl, which is substituted with 1 to 4 substituents R21. In some embodiments, R2 is phenyl, which is substituted with 1 to 3 substituents R21. In some embodiments, R2 is phenyl, which is substituted with 1 to 2 substituents R21. In some embodiments, R2 is phenyl, which is substituted with R21. In some embodiments, R21 is halogen; C1-6alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, halogen, C1-6alkoxy, hydroxy, or phenyl; NR2aR2b; nitro; cyano; aryl-C1-6alkoxy; C1-6alkoxy; hydroxy; haloC1-6alkyl; C1-6alkylsulfonyl-; phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C1- 6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy; -C (=O) R22, wherein R2a and R2b are each independently hydrogen or C1-6alkyl, and R22 is
(a) hydroxy or C1-6alkoxy;
(b) -NR22aR22b, wherein R22a and R22b are each independently hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C3-
8cycloalkyl, or C1-6alkyl-C1-6alkoxy;
(c) heterocyclyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R22c, wherein R22c is 
selected from halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C3- 8cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl, halogen or C1- 6alkyl substituted phenyl, C1-6alkyl-S (O) 2-, C1-6alkyl-S (O) -, C1-6alkoxycarbonyl, C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, haloC1- 6alkyl-C (=O) -, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heterocyclyl-C (=O) -, heteroaryl-C (=O) -, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -, or phenyl-C (=O) -; or
(d) spiro-heterocyclyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R22d, wherein 
R22d is selected from:
1) C1-6alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl, 
C1-6alkoxy, C1-6alkoxyC1-6alkoxy-or C1-6alkoxycarbonyl;
2) C2-6alkenyl or C2-6alkynyl;
3) C3-8cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-
6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, each of said C3-8cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkoxy;
4) C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -,
5) haloC1-6alkyl-C (=O) -,
6) R22e-NH-C (=O) -, wherein R22e is C1-6alkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, phenyl-
C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, each of said phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C1-6alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkoxy.
In some embodiments, R22 is methoxy, ethoxy, or hydroxy.
In some embodiments, R22 is (tert-butyl) NH-, (cyclopentyl) NH-, (cyclohexyl) NH-, (allyl) NH-, or (2-methoxyethyl) NH-.
In some embodiments, R22 is 5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl comprising one or two nitrogen as ring member, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R22c. In some embodiments, R22 is piperazinyl, 1, 4-diazepanyl, piperidinyl or morpholino, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R22c. In some embodiments, R22 is piperazine-1-yl, 1, 4-diazepane-1-yl, or piperidine-1-yl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R22c. In some embodiments, R22c is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl; benzyl, 2-methoxyethyl; allyl; cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl; oxetan-3-yl, thiomorpholine-4-yl; p-tolyl, 4-fluorophenyl; pyridin-4-yl; fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo; oxo; methylsulfonyl; tert-butoxycarbonyl, acetyl, or ethoxycarbonyl. In some embodiments, R22 is 4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperazine-1-yl, 4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -1, 4-diazepane-1, piperidine-1-yl, 4-methylpiperazine-1-yl, 4-chloropiperidine-1-yl, 4-oxopiperidine-1-yl, 4-benzylpiperazine-1-yl, 4- (thiomorpholine-4-yl, piperazine-1-yl, 4- (2-methoxyethyl) piperazine-1-yl, 4-acetylpiperazine-1-yl, 4- (ethoxycarbonyl) piperazin-1-yl, 4- (methylsulfonyl) piperazine-1-yl, 4-cyclohexylpiperazine-1-yl, 4-ethylpiperazine-1-yl, 4-isopropylpiperazine-1-yl, 4-cyclopropylpiperazine-1-yl, 4- (oxetan-3-yl) piperazine-1-yl, 4-allylpiperazine-1-yl, 4- (p-tolyl) piperazine-1-yl, 4- (4-fluorophenyl) piperazine-1-yl, or 4- (pyridin-4-yl) piperazine-1-yl.
In some embodiments, R22 is spiro-heterocyclyl, which is substituted with one or more substituents R22d, wherein R22d is as defined in Formula (I) . In some embodiments, R22 is wherein n1, n2, n3 and n4 are each independently 1, 2, or 3; X is N or CH and R22d is defined as above. In some embodiments, R22 is diazaspiro [3.3] heptaneyl, or diazaspiro [3.5] nonaneyl, each of which is substituted with R22d. In some embodiments, R22 is 2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-2-yl, or 2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-7-yl, each of which is substituted with R22d.
In some embodiments, R22d is tert-butoxycarbonyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl, (4- (ethoxycarbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl) carbamoyl, butylcarbamoyl, benzylcarbamoyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, neopentyl, isopropyl; phenethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, benzyl; allyl, but-3-en-1-yl’ methoxycarbonylpropyl, methoxycarbonylethyl, 3-methoxypropyl, 2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl; cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R22 is 6- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 7- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-2-yl, 2- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-2-yl, 2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-7-yl, 6-methyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- ( (4- (ethoxycarbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl) carbamoyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- (butylcarbamoyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- (benzylcarbamoyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6-propyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6-allyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- (3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- (3-methoxypropyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6-butyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- (but-3-en-1-yl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- (2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- (4-methoxy-4-oxobutyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6-phenethyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6-ethyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- (2-hydroxyethyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6-neopentyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6-cyclopentyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6-cyclohexyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6-benzyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, or 6-isopropyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl.
In some embodiments, R2 is phenyl, which is substituted with one or more R21. In some embodiments, R21 is halogen; C1-6alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, halogen, C1- 6alkoxy, hydroxy, or phenyl; NR2aR2b; nitro; cyano; aryl-C1-6alkoxy; C1-6alkoxy; hydroxy; haloC1-6alkyl; C1- 6alkylsulfonyl-; phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy. In some embodiments, R21 is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, ethyl, methyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl , NH2, benzyloxy, nitro, methoxy, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, methylsulfonyl, phenyl, or 4-methoxyphenyl. In some embodiments, R21 is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, ethyl, methyl, or isopropyl.
In some embodiments for Formula (II) , R2 is 2, 6-difluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-ethyl-6-fluorophenyl, 2-amino-6-methylphenyl, 2-amino-6-methylphenyl, 2-methyl-6-nitrophenyl, 2-nitrophenyl, 2- (benzyloxy) phenyl, 2-methoxy-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl, 2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl, 2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-iodophenyl, 2-fluoro-6- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl, 2-isopropylphenyl, 2- (tert-butyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-methylphenyl, 2-bromo-6-methylphenyl, 2-chloro-6-methoxyphenyl, 2-bromo-6-methoxyphenyl, 2-methoxy-6-nitrophenyl, 2, 6-diisopropylphenyl, 2, 6-dichlorophenyl, 2, 3-difluorophenyl, 2, 4-difluorophenyl, 2, 5-difluorophenyl, 2, 3, 6-trifluorophenyl, 2, 4, 6-trifluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2, 6-difluorophenyl, 2, 3, 4, 5-tetrafluorophenyl, 3, 4-difluorophenyl, 3, 5-difluorophenyl, 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrafluorophenyl, 2-fluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 2-chloro-4, 6-difluorophenyl, 2, 4-dichloro-6-fluorophenyl, 4-bromo-2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4- (methylsulfonyl) phenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4- (methoxycarbonyl) phenyl, 4-cyano-2, 6-difluorophenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4-iodophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 3, 5-difluoro- [1, 1'-biphenyl] -4-yl, 3, 5-difluoro-4'-methoxy- [1, 1'-biphenyl] -4-yl, 3-chloro-5-fluoro- [1, 1'-biphenyl] -4-yl, 2, 6-difluoro-4- (ethoxycarbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl, (4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 4-cyano-2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, (2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (methoxycarbonyl) phenyl, (2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (ethoxycarbonyl) phenyl, (2-fluoro-6-chloro-4- (ethoxycarbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (piperidine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (tert-butylcarbamoyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 4- (cyclopentylcarbamoyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 4- (cyclohexylcarbamoyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 4- (allylcarbamoyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -1, 4-diazepane-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (4-chloropiperidine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (4-oxopiperidine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (4-benzylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 4- (4-benzylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (thiomorpholine-4-carbonyl) phenyl, 4-carboxy-2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4-oxopiperidine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- ( (2-methoxyethyl) carbamoyl) phenyl, 6- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 7- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-2-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 4- (2- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-7-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-4- (4- (2-methoxyethyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -6-methylphenyl, 4- (4-acetylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 4- (4- (ethoxycarbonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (4- (methylsulfonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (4-cyclohexylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 4- (4-ethylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-4- (4-isopropylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -6-methylphenyl, 4- (4-cyclopropylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (4- (oxetan-3-yl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (4-allylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-7-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (4- (p-tolyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-4- (4- (4-fluorophenyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (4- (pyridin-4-yl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (6-methyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (6- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (6- ( (4- (ethoxycarbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl) carbamoyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4- (5- ( (3aR, 4R, 6aS) -2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno [3, 4-d] imidazol-4-yl) pentanoyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (6- (butylcarbamoyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 4- (6- (benzylcarbamoyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (6-propyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (6-allyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (6- (3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (6- (3-methoxypropyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-4- (6- (cyclopropylmethyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4- (5- ( (3aR, 4R, 6aS) -2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno [3, 4-d] imidazol-4-yl) pentyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (6-butyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 4- (6- (but-3-en-1-yl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (6- (2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (6- (4-methoxy-4-oxobutyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (6-phenethyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-4- (6-ethyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (6- (2-hydroxyethyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (6-neopentyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-4- (6-cyclopentyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-4- (6-cyclohexyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -6-fluorophenyl, 4- (6-benzyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, or 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (6-isopropyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl.
In some embodiments for formula (III) , R2 is 2, 6-difluorophenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl, 2, 6-dimethylphenyl, 2, 6-dichlorophenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-4, 6-dimethylphenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-methylphenyl, 2-chloro-4- (N-cyclopropylsulfamoyl) -6-fluorophenyl, 8-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 4- ( (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperazin-1-yl) sulfonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (piperazin-1-ylsulfonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (morpholinosulfonyl) pheny, quinolin-2-yl, quinolin-3-yl, 3-chloro-5-fluoro-4-carboxyphenyl, 4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 4- (methoxycarbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (morpholine-4-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (methylcarbamoyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-chloro-4- (morpholine-4-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (methylamino) phenyl, 4- (piperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (phenylcarbamoyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (piperazin-1-yl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-acetylaminophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl, 4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (N-methylsulfamoyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (N-phenylsulfamoyl) phenyl) , 2-chloro-4- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl) -6-fluorophenyl) , 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (methylcarbamoyl) phenyl) , 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (phenylcarbamoyl) phenyl) , 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (morpholine-4-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-4-carboxy-5-methylphenyl, quinolin-6-yl, quinolin-7-yl, 3- (2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-sulfamoylphenyl) , 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (piperazin-1-ylsulfonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (phenylamino) phenyl, 4- (cyclopropylsulfonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (morpholinosulfonyl) phenyl, 4-chloro-2, 6-difluorophenyl, 2, 4-dichloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-4, 6-difluorophenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4- (phenylamino) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (methoxycarbonyl) phenyl, cyclohexyl, 4- (cyclohexylamino) -2, 6-difluorophenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4-methoxycarbonylphenyl, 4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-chlorophenyl, 4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperidine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-chlorophenyl, 2-chloro-4- (4- (cyclohexanecarbonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -6-fluorophenyl, 4- (4-benzoylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4-methoxycarbonylphenyl, perfluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-tert-butoxycarbonylphenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (2-morpholinoethoxy) phenyl, 4- ( (1-benzoylpiperidin-4-yl) carbamoyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-4- ( (1- (cyclohexanecarbonyl) piperidin-4-yl) carbamoyl) -6-fluorophenyl, (1S, 4S) -1, 7, 7-trimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptan-2-yl, 4- ( (1H-imidazol-1-yl) methyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-4- (4- (cyclopropanecarbonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4- ( (trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, (R) -4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -2-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, (S) -4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -3-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, (S) -4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -2-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, (R) -4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -3-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- ( (2-hydroxyethoxy) carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (2-methoxyethyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-4- ( (cyclohexyloxy) carbonyl) -6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- ( (2- (2-hydroxyethoxy) ethoxy) carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- ( (3-methoxy-3-oxopropoxy) carbonyl) phenyl, 4-acetyl-2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 4-methoxycarbonyl-2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 4- ( (2-carboxyethoxy) carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 4- ( (3- (tert-butoxy) -3-oxopropoxy) carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4- (2-methoxyethyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- ( (2-methoxyethoxy) carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4- (2-methoxyacetyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, or 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-methoxycarbonylphenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4- (N-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) sulfamoyl) phenyl.
In some embodiments, the compound is a compound of formula (IIa)

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, a tautomer thereof, or a deuterated 
analog thereof,
Wherein R1, Ra, Rb and R22 are defined as in formula (I) ; and R21a is halogen; C1-6alkyl which is 
unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, halogen, C1-6alkoxy, hydroxy, or phenyl; NR2aR2b; nitro; cyano; aryl-C1-6alkoxy; C1-6alkoxy; hydroxy; haloC1-6alkyl; C1-6alkylsulfonyl-; phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy; and p is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. In some embodiments, R21a is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, ethyl, methyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl , NH2, benzyloxy, nitro, methoxy, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, methylsulfonyl, phenyl, or 4-methoxyphenyl. In some embodiments, R21a is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, ethyl, methyl, or isopropyl.
In some embodiments, the compound is a compound selected from the group consisting of Compounds No. 1-311. In some embodiments, the compound is the exemplified compounds with EC50 value less than 60 μM. In some embodiments, the compound is the exemplified compounds with EC50 value less than 40 μM. In some embodiments, the compound is the exemplified compounds with EC50 value less than 20 μM. In some embodiments, the compound is the exemplified compounds with EC50 value less than 10 μM.
In one aspect, provided herein is a method for modulating NLRP3 activity comprising contacting NLRP3 with any one of the compounds disclosed herein, including the compound of formula (I) or (Ia) or the exemplified compounds. In some embodiments, the method for modulating NLRP3 activity is agonizing and partially agonizing. In some embodiments, the method for modulating NLRP3 activity is an in vitro method, e.g., contacting a sample that includes one or more cells comprising NLRP3 with the compounds disclosed herein. The method for modulating NLRP3 activity can also include a in vivo method; e.g., administering the compounds disclosed herein to a subject (e.g., a human) having a disease in which an increase in NLRP3 signaling may be desirable to correct a deficiency in innate immune activity that contributes to the pathology and/or symptoms and/or progression of the disease (e.g., cancer) .
In one aspect, provided herein is a method for treating a disease or disorder in which a decrease in NLRP3 activity (e.g., associated with repressed or impaired NLRP3 signaling) contributes to the pathology and/or symptoms and/or progression of the disease or disorder in a subject, comprising administering to the subject in need an effective amount of the compounds disclosed herein.
In one aspect, provided herein is a method for treating a disease or disorder in which an increase in NLRP3 signaling is observed to correct a deficiency in innate immune activity that contributes to the pathology and/or symptoms and/or progression of the disease in a subject, comprising administering to the subject in need an effective amount of the compounds disclosed herein.
In other embodiments, the disease or disorder disclosed herein is a cancer or an infectious disease or Alzheimer's disease.
In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from acute myeloid leukemia, adrenocortical carcinoma, Kaposi sarcoma, lymphoma, anal cancer, appendix cancer, teratoid/rhabdoid tumor, basal cell carcinoma, bile duct cancer, bladder cancer, bone cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, bronchial tumor, carcinoid tumor, cardiac tumor, cervical cancer, chordoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm, colon cancer, colorectal cancer, craniopharyngioma, bile duct cancer, endometrial cancer, ependymoma, esophageal cancer, esthesioneuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, eye cancer, fallopian tube cancer, gallbladder cancer, gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, germ cell tumor, hairy cell leukemia, head and neck cancer, heart cancer, liver cancer, hyperphagia cancer, pancreatic cancer, kidney cancer, laryngeal cancer, chronic myelogenous leukemia, lip and oral cavity cancer, lung cancer, melanoma, Merkel cell carcinoma, mesothelioma, mouth cancer, oral cancer, osteosarcoma, ovarian cancer, penile cancer, pharyngeal cancer, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, salivary gland cancer, skin cancer, small intestine cancer, soft tissue sarcoma, testicular cancer, throat cancer, thyroid cancer, urethral cancer, uterine cancer, vaginal cancer, and vulvar cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from breast cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, colorectal cancer, pancreatic cancer, and prostate cancer. In some embodiments, the cancer is selected from hormone receptor positive breast cancer, microsatellite stable colon or rectal cancer, pancreatic cancer and prostate cancer.
In some embodiments, the compound disclosed herein is administered in combination with one or more additional cancer therapies. In some embodiments, the one or more additional cancer therapies comprise surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, toxin therapy, immunotherapy, cryotherapy or gene therapy, or a combination thereof.
In some embodiments, the infectious diseases include, without limitation, Acinobacter infection, actinomycosis, African sleeping sickness, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, amebiasis, anaplasmosis, anthrax, Arcanobacterium haemolyticum infection, Argentine hemorrhagic fever, ascariasis, aspergillosis, astrovirus infection, babesiosis, Bacillus cereus infection, bacterial pneumonia, bacterial vaginosis, Bacteroides infection, balantidiasis, Baylisascaris infection, BK virus infection, black piedra, Blastocystic hominis infection, blastomycosis, Bolivian hemorrhagic fever, botulism, Brazilian hemorrhagic fever, brucellosis, bubonic plaque, Burkholderi infection, Buruli ulcer, Calicivirus infection, camptobacteriosis, candidiasis, cat-scratch disease, cellulitis, Chagas disease, chancroid, chickenpox, chikungunya, chlamydia, Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection, cholera, chromoblastomycosis, clonorchiasis, Clostridium difficile infection, coccidioidomycosis, Colorado tick fever, common cold, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, crytococcosis, cryptosporidiosis, cutaneous larva migrans, cyclosporiasis, cysticercosis, cytomegalovirus infection, dengue fever, Desmodesmus infection, deintamoebiasis, diphtheria, diphyllobothriasis, dracunculiasis, ebola hemorrhagic fever, echinococcosis, ehrlichiosis, enterobiasis, Enterococcus infection, Enterovirus infection, epidemic typhus, erythema infection, exanthema subitum, fasciolopsiasis, fasciolosis, fatal familial insomnia, filariasis, food poisoning by Clostridium myonecrosis, free-living amebic infection, Fusobacterium infection, gas gangrene, geotrichosis, Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker syndrome, giardiasis, glanders, gnathostomiasis, gonorrhea, granuloma inguinale, Group A streptococcal infection, Group B streptococcal infection, Haemophilus influenzae infection, hand foot and mouth disease, hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, Heartland virus disease, Heliobacter pylori infection, hemolytic-uremic syndrome, hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, hepatitis D, hepatitis E, herpes simplex, histoplasmosis, hookworm infection, human bocavirus infection, human ewingii ehrlichiosis, human granulocyte anaplasmosis, human metapneuomovirus infection, human monocytic ehrlichiosis, human papillomavirus infection, human parainfluenza virus infection, hymenolepiasis, Epstein-Barr virus infectious mononucleosis, influenza, isosporiasis, Kawasaki disease, keratitis, Kingella kingae infection, kuru, lassa fever, Legionnaires’ disease, Pontiac fever, leishmaniasis, leprosy, leptospirosis, listeriosis, lyme disease, lymphatic filariasis, lymphocytic choriomeningitis, malaria, Marburg hemorrhagic fever, measles, Middle East respiratory syndrome, melioidosis, meningitis, meningococcal disease, metagonimiasis, microsporidiosis, molluscum contagiosum, monkeypox, mumps, murine typhus, mycoplasma pneumonia, mycetoma, myiasis, neonatal conjunctivitis, variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, nocardiosis, onchocerciasis, paracoccidioidomycosis, paragonimiasis, pasteurellosis, pediculosis capitis, pediculosis corporis, pediculosis pubis, pelvic inflammatory disease, pertussis, plague, pneumonia, poliomyelitis, Prevotella infection, primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, psittacosis, Q fever, rabies, relapsing fever, respiratory syncytial virus infection, rhinosporidiosis, rhinovirus infection, rickettsial infection, rickettsialpox, Rift Valley Fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever, rotavirus infection, rubella, salmonellosis, severe acute respiratory syndrome, scabies, schistosomiasis, sepsis, shigellosis, shingles, smallpox, sporothrichosis, staphylococcal food poisoning, staphylococcal infection, strongyloidiasis, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, syphilis, taeniasis, tetanus, tinea barabe, tinea capitis, tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea manum, tinea nigra, tinea pedis, tinea unguium, tinea versicolor, toxocariasis, trachoma, toxoplasmosis, trichinosis, trichomoniasis, trichuriasis, tuberculosis, tularemia, typhoid fever, Ureaplasma urealyticum infection, valley fever, Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever, viral pneumonia, West Nile fever, white piedra, Yersinia psuedotuberculosis infection, yersiniosis, yellow fever, and zygomycosis.
In one aspect, provided herein is a pharmaceutical composition comprising any one of the compounds disclosed herein or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, or a deuterated analog thereof and a pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient.
DETAILS DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
For the purposes of interpreting this specification, the following definitions will apply and whenever appropriate, terms used in the singular will also include the plural and vice versa. It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting.
The term “NLRP3” includes, without limitation, nucleic acids, polynucleotides, oligonucleotides, sense and antisense polynucleotide strands, complementary sequences, peptides, polypeptides, proteins, homologous and/or orthologous NLRP3 molecules, isoforms, precursors, mutants, variants, derivatives, splice variants, alleles, different species, and active fragments thereof.
An “agonist” of NLRP3 or NLRP3 agonist includes compounds that, at the protein level, directly bind or modify NLRP3 such that an activity of NLRP3 is increased, completely or partially, e.g., by activation, stabilization, altered distribution, or otherwise.
As used herein, including the appended claims, the singular forms of words such as “a, ” “an, ” and “the, ” include their corresponding plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
The term “or” is used to mean, and is used interchangeably with, the term “and/or” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
The term “alkyl” refers to a hydrocarbon group selected from linear and branched saturated hydrocarbon groups comprising from 1 to 18, such as from 1 to 12, further such as from 1 to 10, more further such as from 1 to 8, or from 1 to 6, or from 1 to 4, carbon atoms. Examples of alkyl groups comprising from 1 to 6 carbon atoms (i.e., C1-6alkyl) include, but not limited to, methyl, ethyl, 1-propyl or n-propyl, 2-propyl or isopropyl, 1-butyl or n-butyl, 2-methyl-1-propyl or isobutyl, 1-methylpropyl or s-butyl ( “s-Bu” ) , 1, 1-dimethylethyl or t-butyl ( “t-Bu” ) , 1-pentyl, 2-pentyl, 3-pentyl, 2-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-2-butyl, 3-methyl-1-butyl, 2-methyl-1-butyl, 1-hexyl, 2-hexyl, 3-hexyl, 2-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-2-pentyl, 4-methyl-2-pentyl, 3-methyl-3-pentyl, 2-methyl-3-pentyl, 2, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl and 3, 3-dimethyl-2-butyl groups. The alkyl group can be optionally substituted or enriched in deuterium, e.g., -CD3 (methyl-d3) , -CD2CD3 (ethyl-d5) and the like.
The term “halogen” refers to fluoro (F) , chloro (Cl) , bromo (Br) and iodo (I) .
The term “haloalkyl” refers to an alkyl group in which one or more hydrogen is/are replaced by one or more halogen atoms such as fluoro, chloro, bromo, and iodo. Examples of haloalkyl include haloC1-8alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl or halo C1-4alkyl, but not limited to -CF3, -CH2Cl, -CH2CF3, -CCl2, CF3, and the like.
The term “alkoxy” refers to an alkyl group as defined above attached to the parent molecular moiety through an oxygen atom. Examples of an alkyloxy, e.g., C1-6alkyloxy or C1-4 alkyloxy include, but not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, isopropoxy, propoxy, n-butoxy, tert-butoxy, pentoxy and hexoxy and the like.
The term “alkoxy-alkyl-” refers to an alkyl group as defined above further substituted with an alkoxy as defined above. Examples of an alkoxy-alkyl-, e.g., C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-include, but not limited to, methoxymethyl, ethoxymethyl, ethoxyethyl, isopropoxymethyl, or propoxymethyl and the like.
The term “alkenyl” herein refers to a hydrocarbon group selected from linear and branched hydrocarbon groups comprising at least one C = C double bond and from 2 to 18, such as from 2 to 8, further such as from 2 to 6, carbon atoms. Examples of the alkenyl group, e.g., C2-6alkenyl, include, but not limited to ethenyl or vinyl, prop-1-enyl, prop-2-enyl, 2-methylprop-1-enyl, but-1-enyl, but-2-enyl, but-3-enyl, buta-1, 3-dienyl, 2-methylbuta-1, 3-dienyl, hex-1-enyl, hex-2-enyl, hex-3-enyl, hex-4-enyl, and hexa-1, 3-dienyl groups.
The term “alkynyl” herein refers to a hydrocarbon group selected from linear and branched hydrocarbon group, comprising at least one C≡C triple bond and from 2 to 18, such as 2 to 8, further such as from 2 to 6, carbon atoms. Examples of the alkynyl group, e.g., C2-6 alkynyl, include, but not limited to ethynyl, 1-propynyl, 2-propynyl (propargyl) , 1-butynyl, 2-butynyl, and 3-butynyl groups.
The term “cycloalkyl” refers to a hydrocarbon group selected from saturated cyclic hydrocarbon groups, comprising monocyclic and polycyclic (e.g., bicyclic and tricyclic) groups including fused, bridged or spiro cycloalkyl.
For example, the cycloalkyl group may comprise from 3 to 12, such as from 3 to 10, further such as 3 to 8, further such as 3 to 6, 3 to 5, or 3 to 4 carbon atoms. Even further for example, the cycloalkyl group may be selected from monocyclic group comprising from 3 to 12, such as from 3 to 10, further such as 3 to 8, 3 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples of the monocyclic cycloalkyl group include cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-cyclopent-1-enyl, 1-cyclopent-2-enyl, 1-cyclopent-3-enyl, cyclohexyl, 1-cyclohex-1-enyl, 1-cyclohex-2-enyl, 1-cyclohex-3-enyl, cyclohexadienyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl, and cyclododecyl groups. In particular, Examples of the saturated monocyclic cycloalkyl group, e.g., C3-8cycloalkyl, include, but not limited to cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclooctyl groups. In a preferred embedment, the cycloalkyl is a monocyclic ring comprising 3 to 6 carbon atoms (abbreviated as C3-6 cycloalkyl) , including but not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, and cyclohexyl. Examples of the bicyclic cycloalkyl groups include those having from 7 to 12 ring atoms arranged as a fused bicyclic ring selected from [4, 4] , [4, 5] , [5, 5] , [5, 6] and [6, 6] ring systems, or as a bridged bicyclic ring selected from bicyclo [2.2.1] heptane, bicyclo [2.2.2] octane, and bicyclo [3.2.2] nonane. Further Examples of the bicyclic cycloalkyl groups include those arranged as a bicyclic ring selected from [5, 6] and [6, 6] ring systems. In some embodiments, a cycloalkyl group also comprises at least one double bond or at least one triple bond.
The term “deuterated” in a deuterated analog is used herein to modify a chemical structure or an organic group or radical, wherein one or more carbon-bound hydrogen (s) are replaced by one or more deuterium (s) , e.g., “deuterated-alkyl” , “deuterated-cycloalkyl” , “deuterated-heterocycloalkyl” , “deuterated-aryl” , “deuterated-heteroaryl” , “deuterated-heterocyclyl” , and the like. For example, the term “deuterated-alkyl” defined above refers to an alkyl group as defined herein, wherein at least one hydrogen atom bound to carbon is replaced by a deuterium. In a deuterated alkyl group, at least one carbon atom is bound to a deuterium; and it is possible for a carbon atom to be bound to more than one deuterium; it is also possible that more than one carbon atom in the alkyl group is bound to a deuterium. For example, -CD3 and methyl-d3 are exchanable, and refer to a methyl group in which all the three hydrogen atoms are replaced by deuterium.
The other deuterated groups, such as deuterated alkyl is interpreted accordingly.
The term “aryl” used alone or in combination with other terms refers to a group selected from:
- 5-and 6-membered carbocyclic aromatic rings, e.g., phenyl;
- bicyclic ring systems such as 7 to 12 membered bicyclic ring systems, wherein at least one ring is 
carbocyclic and aromatic, e.g., naphthyl and indanyl; and,
- tricyclic ring systems such as 10 to 15 membered tricyclic ring systems wherein at least one ring is 
carbocyclic and aromatic, e.g., fluorenyl.
The terms “aromatic hydrocarbon ring” and “aryl” are used interchangeable throughout the disclosure herein. In some embodiments, a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring has 5 to 10 ring-forming carbon atoms (i.e., C5-10 aryl) . Examples of a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbon ring include, but not limited to, phenyl, naphth-1-yl, naphth-2-yl, anthracenyl, phenanthrenyl, and the like. In some embodiments, the aromatic hydrocarbon ring is a naphthalene ring (naphth-1-yl or naphth-2-yl) or phenyl ring. In some embodiments, the aromatic hydrocarbon ring is a phenyl ring.
The term “heteroaryl” herein refers to a group selected from:
- 5-, 6-, 7, 8 or 9-membered aromatic, monocyclic rings comprising at least one heteroatom, for 
example, from 1 to 4, or, in some embodiments, from 1 to 3, in some embodiments, from 1 to 2, heteroatoms, selected from nitrogen (N) , sulfur (S) and oxygen (O) , with the remaining ring atoms being carbon;
- 7-to 12-membered bicyclic rings comprising at least one heteroatom, for example, from 1 to 4, or, 
in some embodiments, from 1 to 3, or, in other embodiments, 1 or 2, heteroatoms, selected from nitrogen, oxygen or optionally oxidized sulfur as ring member (s) , with the remaining ring atoms being carbon and wherein at least one ring is aromatic and at least one heteroatom is present in the aromatic ring; and
- 11-to 14-membered tricyclic rings comprising at least one heteroatom, for example, from 1 to 4, or 
in some embodiments, from 1 to 3, or, in other embodiments, 1 or 2, heteroatoms, selected from nitrogen, oxygen or optionally oxidized sulfur as ring member (s) , with the remaining ring atoms being carbon and wherein at least one ring is aromatic and at least one heteroatom is present in an aromatic ring.
When the total number of S and O atoms in the heteroaryl group exceeds 1, those heteroatoms are not adjacent to one another. In some embodiments, the total number of S and O atoms in the heteroaryl group is not more than 2. In some embodiments, the total number of S and O atoms in the aromatic heterocycle is not more than 1. When the heteroaryl group contains more than one heteroatom ring member, the heteroatoms may be the same or different. The nitrogen atoms in the ring (s) of the heteroaryl group can be oxidized to form N-oxides.
The terms “aromatic heterocyclic ring” and “heteroaryl” are used interchangeably throughout the disclosure herein. In some embodiments, a monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring has 5-, 6-, 7-, 8-, 9-or 10-ring forming members with 1, 2, 3, or 4 heteroatom ring members independently selected from nitrogen (N) , sulfur (S) and oxygen (O) and the remaining ring members being carbon. In some embodiments, the monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring is a monocyclic or bicyclic ring comprising 1 or 2 heteroatom ring members independently selected from nitrogen (N) , sulfur (S) and oxygen (O) . In some embodiments, the monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring is a 5-to 6-membered heteroaryl ring, which is monocyclic and which has 1 or 2 heteroatom ring members independently selected from nitrogen (N) , sulfur (S) and oxygen (O) . In some embodiments, the monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring is a 8-to 10-membered heteroaryl ring, which is bicyclic and which has 1 or 2 heteroatom ring members independently selected from nitrogen, sulfur and oxygen.
Examples of the heteroaryl group or the monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic heterocyclic ring include, but are not limited to, (as numbered from the linkage position assigned priority 1) pyridyl (such as 2-pyridyl, 3-pyridyl, or 4-pyridyl) , cinnolinyl, pyrazinyl, 2, 4-pyrimidinyl, 3, 5-pyrimidinyl, 2, 4-imidazolyl, imidazopyridinyl, isoxazolyl, oxazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, thiadiazolyl (such as 1, 2, 3-thiadiazolyl, 1, 2, 4-thiadiazolyl, or 1, 3, 4-thiadiazolyl) , tetrazolyl, thienyl (such as thien-2-yl, thien-3-yl) , triazinyl, benzothienyl, furyl or furanyl, benzofuryl, benzoimidazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, oxadiazolyl (such as 1, 2, 3-oxadiazolyl, 1, 2, 4-oxadiazolyl, or 1, 3, 4-oxadiazolyl) , phthalazinyl, pyrazinyl, pyridazinyl, pyrrolyl, triazolyl (such as 1, 2, 3-triazolyl, 1, 2, 4-triazolyl, or 1, 3, 4-triazolyl) , quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, pyrazolyl, pyrrolopyridinyl (such as 1H-pyrrolo [2, 3-b] pyridin-5-yl) , pyrazolopyridinyl (such as 1H-pyrazolo [3, 4-b] pyridin-5-yl) , benzoxazolyl (such as benzo [d] oxazol-6-yl) , pteridinyl, purinyl, 1-oxa-2, 3-diazolyl, 1-oxa-2, 4-diazolyl, 1-oxa-2, 5-diazolyl, 1-oxa-3, 4-diazolyl, 1-thia-2, 3-diazolyl, 1-thia-2, 4-diazolyl, 1-thia-2, 5-diazolyl, 1-thia-3, 4-diazolyl, furazanyl (such as furazan-2-yl, furazan-3-yl) , benzofurazanyl, benzothiophenyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, quinazolinyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, furopyridinyl, benzothiazolyl (such as benzo [d] thiazol-6-yl) , indazolyl (such as 1H-indazol-5-yl) , 5, 6, 7, 8-tetrahydroisoquinoline, thienoimidazolyl (e.g., thieno [3, 4-d] imidazolyl) .
“Heterocyclyl, ” “heterocycle” or “heterocyclic” are interchangeable and refer to a non-aromatic heterocyclyl group comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen or optionally oxidized sulfur as ring members, with the remaining ring members being carbon, including monocyclic, fused, bridged, and spiro ring, i.e., containing monocyclic heterocyclyl, bridged heterocyclyl, spiro heterocyclyl, and fused heterocyclic groups.
Exemplary monocyclic 4 to 9-membered heterocyclyl groups include, but not limited to, (as numbered from the linkage position assigned priority 1) pyrrolidin-1-yl, pyrrolidin-2-yl, pyrrolidin-3-yl, imidazolidin-2-yl, imidazolidin-4-yl , pyrazolidin-2-yl, pyrazolidin-3-yl, piperidin-1-yl, piperidin-2-yl, piperidin-3-yl, piperidin-4-yl, 2, 5-piperazinyl, pyranyl, morpholinyl, morpholino, morpholin-2-yl, morpholin-3-yl, oxiranyl, aziridin-1-yl, aziridin-2-yl, azocan-1-yl, azocan-2-yl, azocan-3-yl, azocan-4-yl, azocan-5-yl, thiiranyl, azetidin-1-yl, azetidin-2-yl, azetidin-3-yl, oxetanyl, thietanyl, 1, 2-dithietanyl, 1, 3-dithietanyl, dihydropyridinyl, tetrahydropyridinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thioxanyl, piperazinyl, homopiperazinyl, homopiperidinyl, azepan-1-yl, azepan-2-yl, azepan-3-yl, azepan-4-yl, oxepanyl, thiepanyl, 1, 4-oxathianyl, 1, 4-dioxepanyl, 1, 4-oxathiepanyl, 1, 4-oxaazepanyl, 1, 4-dithiepanyl, 1, 4-thiazepanyl and 1, 4-diazepanyl, 1, 4-dithianyl, 1, 4-azathianyl, oxazepinyl, diazepinyl, thiazepinyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydropyranyl, dihydrofuranyl, tetrahydrofuranyl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydrothiopyranyl, 1-pyrrolinyl, 2-pyrrolinyl, 3-pyrrolinyl, indolinyl, 2H-pyranyl, 4H-pyranyl, 1, 4-dioxanyl, 1, 3-dioxolanyl, pyrazolinyl, pyrazolidinyl, dithianyl, dithiolanyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolinyl, pyrimidinonyl, or 1, 1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl.
"Spiro heterocyclyl" refers to a 5 to 20 membered polycyclic heterocyclyl with rings connected through one common carbon atom (called a spiro atom) , wherein said rings have one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O, S, SO or SO2 heteroatoms as ring atoms, with the remaining ring atoms being C, wherein one or more rings may contain one or more double bonds, but none of the rings has a completely conjugated pi-electron system. Preferably a spiro heterocyclyl is 6 to 14 membered, and more preferably 7 to 10 membered. According to the number of common spiro atoms, a spiro heterocyclyl is divided into 4-membered/4-membered, 4-membered/5-membered, 4-membered/6-membered, 5-membered/5-membered, or 5-membered/6-membered mono-spiro heterocyclyl. Representative examples of spiro heterocyclyls include, but are not limited to the following groups: 1, 7-dioxaspiro [4.5] decyl, 2-oxa-7-aza-spiro [4.4] nonyl, 7-oxa spiro [3.5] nonyl, 5-oxa-spiro [2.4] heptyl, 2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptaneyl, 2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonaneyl.
Compounds disclosed herein may contain an asymmetric center and may thus exist as enantiomers. “Enantiomers” refer to two stereoisomers of a compound which are non-superimposable mirror images of one another. Where the compounds disclosed herein possess two or more asymmetric centers, they may additionally exist as diastereomers. Enantiomers and diastereomers fall within the broader class of stereoisomers. All such possible stereoisomers as substantially pure resolved enantiomers, racemic mixtures thereof, as well as mixtures of diastereomers are intended to be included. All stereoisomers of the compounds disclosed herein and /or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof are intended to be included. Unless specifically mentioned otherwise, reference to one isomer applies to any of the possible isomers. Whenever the isomeric composition is unspecified, all possible isomers are included.
When compounds disclosed herein contain olefinic double bonds, unless specified otherwise, such double bonds are meant to include both E and Z geometric isomers.
When compounds disclosed herein contain a di-substituted cyclohexyl or cyclobutyl group, substituents found on cyclohexyl or cyclobutyl ring may adopt cis and trans formations. Cis formation means that both substituents are found on the upper side of the 2 substituent placements on the carbon, while trans would mean that they were on opposing sides.
It may be advantageous to separate reaction products from one another and /or from starting materials. The desired products of each step or series of steps is separated and /or purified (hereinafter separated) to the desired degree of homogeneity by the techniques common in the art. Typically such separations involve multiphase extraction, crystallization from a solvent or solvent mixture, distillation, sublimation, or chromatography. Chromatography can involve any number of methods including, for example: reverse-phase and normal phase; size exclusion; ion exchange; high, medium and low pressure liquid chromatography methods and apparatus; small scale analytical; simulated moving bed ( “SMB” ) and preparative thin or thick layer chromatography, as well as techniques of small scale thin layer and flash chromatography. One skilled in the art will apply techniques most likely to achieve the desired separation.
“Diastereomers” refers to stereoisomers of a compound with two or more chiral centers but which are not mirror images of one another. Diastereomeric mixtures can be separated into their individual diastereomers on the basis of their physical chemical differences by methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as by chromatography and /or fractional crystallization. Enantiomers can be separated by converting the enantiomeric mixture into a diastereomeric mixture by reaction with an appropriate optically active compound (e.g., chiral auxiliary such as a chiral alcohol or Mosher’s acid chloride) , separating the diastereomers and converting (e.g., hydrolyzing) the individual diastereoisomers to the corresponding pure enantiomers. Enantiomers can also be separated by use of a chiral HPLC column.
A single stereoisomer, e.g., a substantially pure enantiomer, may be obtained by resolution of the racemic mixture using a method such as formation of diastereomers using optically active resolving agents [Eliel, E. and Wilen, S. Stereochemistry of Organic Compounds. New York: John Wiley &Sons, Inc., 1994; Lochmuller, C. H., et al. “Chromatographic resolution of enantiomers: Selective review. ” J. Chromatogr., 113 (3) (1975) : pp. 283-302] . Racemic mixtures of chiral compounds of the invention can be separated and isolated by any suitable method, including: (1) formation of ionic, diastereomeric salts with chiral compounds and separation by fractional crystallization or other methods, (2) formation of diastereomeric compounds with chiral derivatizing reagents, separation of the diastereomers, and conversion to the pure stereoisomers, and (3) separation of the substantially pure or enriched stereoisomers directly under chiral conditions. See: Wainer, Irving W., Ed. Drug Stereochemistry: Analytical Methods and Pharmacology. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc., 1993.
“tautomer” is a type of isomer that includes two or more interconvertible compounds resulting from at least one formal migration of a hydrogen atom and at least one change in valency (e.g., a single bond to a double bond, a triple bond to a single bond, or vice versa) . For example, a trizolyl group may have following tautomeric forms, 
“Pharmaceutically acceptable salts” refers to those salts which are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for use in contact with the tissues of humans and lower animals without undue toxicity, irritation, allergic response and the like, and are commensurate with a reasonable benefit/risk ratio. A pharmaceutically acceptable salt may be prepared in situ during the final isolation and purification of the compounds disclosed herein, or separately by reacting the free base function with a suitable organic acid or by reacting the acidic group with a suitable base.
In addition, if a compound disclosed herein is obtained as an acid addition salt, the free base can be obtained by basifying a solution of the acid salt. Conversely, if the product is a free base, an addition salt, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable addition salt, may be produced by dissolving the free base in a suitable organic solvent and treating the solution with an acid, in accordance with conventional procedures for preparing acid addition salts from base compounds. Those skilled in the art will recognize various synthetic methodologies that may be used without undue experimentation to prepare non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts.
As defined herein, “apharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof” includes salts of at least one compound of Formula (I) , and salts of the stereoisomers of the compound of Formula (I) , such as salts of enantiomers, and /or salts of diastereomers.
The terms “administration” , “administering” , “treating” and “treatment” herein, when applied to an animal, human, experimental subject, cell, tissue, organ, or biological fluid, mean contact of an exogenous pharmaceutical, therapeutic, diagnostic agent, or composition to the animal, human, subject, cell, tissue, organ, or biological fluid. Treatment of a cell encompasses contact of a reagent to the cell, as well as the contact of a reagent to a fluid, where the fluid is in contact with the cell. The term “administration” and “treatment” also means in vitro and ex vivo treatments, e.g., of a cell, by a reagent, diagnostic, binding compound, or by another cell. The term “subject” herein includes any organism, preferably an animal, more preferably a mammal (e.g., rat, mouse, dog, cat, rabbit) and most preferably a human.
The term “effective amount” or “therapeutically effective amount” refers to an amount of the active ingredient, such as a compound that, when administered to a subject for treating a disease, or at least one of the clinical symptoms of a disease or disorder, is sufficient to affect such treatment for the disease, disorder, or symptom. The “therapeutically effective amount” can vary with the compound, the disease, disorder, and/or symptoms of the disease or disorder, severity of the disease, disorder, and/or symptoms of the disease or disorder, the age of the subject to be treated, and/or the weight of the subject to be treated. An appropriate amount in any given instance can be apparent to those skilled in the art or can be determined by routine experiments. In some embodiments, “therapeutically effective amount” is an amount of at least one compound and /or at least one stereoisomer thereof, and /or at least one pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof disclosed herein effective to “treat” as defined above, a disease or disorder in a subject. In the case of combination therapy, the “therapeutically effective amount” refers to the total amount of the combination objects for the effective treatment of a disease, a disorder or a condition.
Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, unless the context requires otherwise, the term “comprise, ” and variations such as “comprises” and “comprising” are intended to specify the presence of the features thereafter, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features. When used herein the term “comprising” can be substituted with the term “containing” , “including” or sometimes “having” .
Throughout this specification and the claims which follow, the term “Cn-m” indicates a range which includes the endpoints, wherein n and m are integers and indicate the number of carbons. Examples include C1-8, C1-6, and the like.
The expression “unsubstituted or substituted with” , e.g., “unsubstituted or substituted with R21” refers to that such a group is unsubstituted or substituted with at least one substituents, e.g., R21. With reference to “substituted with... ” , e.g., “substituted with R21” , if without designating the number of substituents, it usually refers to a group substituted with at least one substituents, e.g., selected from R21, for example, 1 to 4, 1 to 3, 1 or 2, or 1 substituent, provided that the valency theory is met.
The term “at least one” or “one or more” are exchangeable and refer to one, two, three or more of the subject in reference to which the term is used. In particular, the term “at least one substituent” refers to one, two, three or more substituent, for Example A to 4, 1 to 3, 1 or 2, or one substituents, as long as the valence theory has been met.
Examples
The compounds and processes of the present invention will be better understood in connection with the following examples, which are intended as an illustration only and not limiting of the scope of the invention. Various changes and modifications to the disclosed embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art and such changes and modifications including, without limitation, those relating to the chemical structures, substituents, derivatives, formulations and/or methods of the invention may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.
Reagents and solvents were obtained from commercial sources such as Sigma-Aldrich, Alfa, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. (SCRC) or other, unless explicitly indicated otherwise.
As used herein, the symbols and conventions used in these processes, schemes, and examples, regardless of whether a particular abbreviation is specifically defined, are consistent with those used in the contemporary scientific literature, for example, the Journal of the American Chemical Society or the Journal of Biological Chemistry.
Example A: Synthesis of 1- (2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl) -3- (5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) urea (4) .
Step 1. Preparation of 5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-amine
To a solution of semicarbazide hydrochloride (10.42 g, 93.5 mmol, 1 equiv) and sodium acetate (7.67 g, 93.5 mmol, 1 equiv) stirred in water (100 mL) at 0 ℃ was added thiophene-2-carbaldehyde (10.5 g, 93.5 mmol, 1 equiv) in THF (10 mL) slowly. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. THF (100 mL) , potassium carbonate (32.3 g, 0.23mol, 2.5 equiv) , and chloramine-T (31.9 g, 0.14 mol, 1.5 equiv) were added and the mixture was stirred at 70 ℃. After 1.5 h, chloramine T (21.3 g, 93.5 mmol, 1 equiv) was further added and the mixture was stirred for more 4 h. TLC showed the reaction was completely, the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 ml*3) . The combined organic phase was washed with 20%sodium bisulfite solution and brine, dried over anhydrous Na2SO4 and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (MeOH: DCM = 20: 1) to give 5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-amine (7.51g, 48.1%yield) as a yellow solid.
1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ 7.95 (dd, J = 2.9, 1.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.71 (dd, J = 5.1, 2.9 Hz, 1H) , 7.43 (dd, J = 
5.1, 1.3 Hz, 1H) , 7.17 (s, 2H) ; LRMS (ESI) : m/z [M+H] + calcd for C6H5N3OS: 167.02; found: 168.30
Step 2. Preparation of 1-chloro-3-fluoro-2-isocyanatobenzene
To a solution of triphosgene (29.7 mg, 0.1 mmol, 0.33 equiv) in dry THF (3 ml) was added 2-chloro-6-fluoro-aniline (43.5 mg, 0.3 mmol, 1 equiv) under Ar atmosphere. The solution was cooled to 0 ℃ and treated with triethylamine (84 μL, 0.6 mmol, 2 equiv) . The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The solvent was removed under vacuum to give the isocyanate as a white solid and it was used in the next step without further purification.
Step 3. Preparation of 1- (2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl) -3- (5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) urea
To a mixture of 5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-amine (50.2 mg, 0.3 mmol, 1 equiv. ) in dry THF (3 mL) under Ar atmosphere was added NaH (12 mg, 0.3 mmol, 1 equiv. ) at 0 ℃. The mixture was stirred at room temperature. After 4 h, the mixture was quickly added to the isocyanate prepared previous step and stirred for 1 h at room temperature. The resulting mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (MeOH: DCM = 30: 1) to give 1- (2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl) -3- (5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) urea (41.4 mg, 40.8%yield) as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4) : δ 8.15 (s, 1H) , 7.60-7.66 (m, 2H) , 7.33-7.37 (m, 2H) , 7.20 (m, 1H) ; LRMS (ESI) : m/z [M+H] + calcd for C13H8ClFN4O2S: 338.00; found: 339.35.
The compounds in Table 1 were prepared in a manner similar to Example A from the corresponding starting materials.
Tabel 1

The compounds in Table 2 were prepared in a manner similar to Example A from the corresponding starting materials.
Tabel 2




Example B: Synthesis of 1- (2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl) -3- (5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) urea (88)
Step 1. Preparation of methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluorobenzoate
To a solution of methyl 4-amino-3-fluorobenzoate (16.9 g, 0.1 mol, 1.0 equiv) in DMF (60 ml) was added N-chlorosuccinimide (16.0 g, 0.12 mol, 1.2equiv) in one portion. The mixture was stirred at 25 ℃ for 12 h. TLC showed the starting material was consumed completely. Then the mixture was poured into ice water (200 ml) and stirred for 10 min, the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (100 ml × 3) . The combined organic phase was washed with brine (100 mL x 2) , dried over anhydrous Na2SO4, filtered and concentrated under vacuum to give methyl 4-amino-3-chloro-5-fluorobenzoate (14.7 g, 72.3%yield) as a pink solid. 1H NMR (CDCl3, 400 MHz) : δ 7.70-7.66 (m, 2H) , 6.76 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H) , 4.18 (s, 2H) , 3.87 (s, 3H) .
Step 2. Preparation of methyl 3-chloro-5-fluoro-4-isocyanatobenzoate
This isocyanate was prepared according to the same synthetic procedure in Step 2 of Example A. It was used in the next step directly.
Step 3. Preparation of methyl 3-chloro-5-fluoro-4- (3- (5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) ureido) benzoate
This compound was prepared according to the same synthetic procedure in Step 3 of Example A. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (MeOH: DCM = 30: 1) to give methyl 3-chloro-5-fluoro-4- (3- (5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) ureido) benzoate (0.82g, 35.1%yield) as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, Methanol-d4) : δ 8.15 (s, 1H) , 7.75 (d, J = 8.0, 1H) , 7.25 (t, J = 9.0, 1H) , 7.14 (m, 1H) , 3.89 (s, 3H) . LRMS (ESI) : m/z [M+H] + calcd for C15H11ClFN4O4S: 397.02; found: 396.87.
Step 4. Preparation of 3-chloro-5-fluoro-4- (3- (5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) ureido) benzoic acid
To a mixture of methyl 3-chloro-5-fluoro-4- (3- (5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) ureido) benzoate (0.82 g, 2.1 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in EtOH (30 mL) and water (10.5 mL) was added lithium hydroxide (252 mg, 10.5 mmol, 5 equiv) . The mixture was stirred for 3 h at 25 ℃. The HPLC detection showed the starting material was consumed completely. Then the mixture was concentrated under vacuum and acidified by the addition of 1 N HCl, The precipitate formed was collected by filtration to give 3-chloro-5-fluoro-4- (3- (5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) ureido) benzoic acid (0.69 g, 86.3%yield) as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ 8.18 (s, 1H) , 7.78 (m, 2H) , 8.20 (m, 1H) , 7.61 (m, 1H) , 7.54 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H) , 7.47 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H) ; LRMS (ESI) : m/z [M+H] + calcd for C14H9ClFN4O4S: 383.00; found: 382.80.
Step 5. Preparation of 1- (2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl) -3- (5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) urea
To a solution of 3-chloro-5-fluoro-4- (3- (5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) ureido) benzoic acid (38 mg, 0.099 mmol, 1.0 equiv) in dry DMF (2 mL) was added EDCI (19.0 mg, 0.099 mmol, 1.0 equiv) , followed by catalytic amount DMAP, and 1-Methyl-piperazine (11.9mg, 0.12mmol, 1.2 equiv) . The solution was stirred for 12 h at 25 ℃. The HPLC detection showed the starting material was consumed completely. The reaction solution was diluted with water (2 mL) , extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was combined , dried over Na2S04 and concentrated under vacuum. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel (MeOH: DCM = 20: 1) to give 1- (2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl) -3- (5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl) urea (26.5 mg, 57.7%yield) as a white solid. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) : δ 11.52 (s, 1H) , 9.29 (s, 1H) , 8.20 (m, 1H) , 7.81 (m, 1H) , 7.55 (d, J = 5.1 Hz, 1H) , 7.47 (s, 1H) , 7.41 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H) , 3.61 (s, 2H) , 3.34 (s, 2H) , 2.34 (m, 4H) , 2.21 (s, 3H) ; LRMS (ESI) : m/z [M+H] + calcd for C19H18ClFN6O3S: 465.09; found 464.95.
The compounds in Table 3 were prepared in a manner similar to Example B from the corresponding starting materials.
Tabel 3


The compounds in Table 4 were prepared in a manner similar to Example B from the corresponding starting materials.
Tabel 4





















BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY
The compounds disclosed herein were tested to determine their ability to induce cell death. THP-1 cells were plated at a density of 100,000 cells per well in 50μL of complete medium (RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10%FBS and 2mM L-glutamine) . Subsequently, 50μL of the test compound in complete medium was added, and the cells were treated for 4 hours. Cell viability was determined by measuring ATP levels using Cell Titer-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay kit. Dose-response plots of cell viability versus compound concentration were generated, and cell killing potency (EC50) was determined as the concentration of test compound that reduced cell viability by 50%. Results were shown in Table 5 and 6.
Results were shown in table 5 and 6 (ND means “not determined” ) .
Table 5. EC50 (μM) of the arylurea agents on inducing THP-1 cell death











Table 6















Cell Survival Assay
Cell survival assay was performed using Cell Titer-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay kit. A Cell Titer-Glo 
assay (Promega) was performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Luminescence was recorded with a Tecan GENios Pro plate reader.

Claims (29)

  1. A compound of Formula (I)
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, a tautomer thereof, or a deuterated analog thereof,
    Ra and Rb are each independently hydrogen or C1-6alkyl;
    R1 is heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, aryl, or cycloalkyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R1a,
    wherein
    R1a is halogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, carboxy, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -, R11a-O-, NHR11b, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, or phenyl, wherein said phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, hydroxy, or C1-6alkoxy;
    R11a is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl-, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkoxy-, C1-6alkoxy-C1- 6alkoxy-, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-NH-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkoxy-C1- 6alkyl-, wherein said phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl, either per se or as an moiety, is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, hydroxy, or C1-6alkoxy;
    R11b is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -;
    R2 is phenyl, naphthalenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, or C1-6alkyl, wherein each of phenyl, naphthalenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, and cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R21, and said C1-6alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R23;
    wherein
    R21 is halogen; C1-6alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, halogen, C1-6alkoxy, hydroxy, or phenyl; NR2aR2b; nitro; cyano; aryl-C1-6alkoxy; C1-6alkoxy; hydroxy; haloC1-6alkyl; C1- 6alkylsulfonyl-; phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy; -C (=O) R22, or -S (O) 2R22,
    Wherein
    R2a and R2b are each independently hydrogen or C1-6alkyl, and
    R22 is
    (a) hydroxy or C1-6alkoxy;
    (b) -NR22aR22b, wherein R22a and R22b are each independently hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2- 6alkenyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, or C1-6alkyl-C1-6alkoxy;
    (c) heterocyclyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R22c, wherein R22c is selected from halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl, C1- 6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl-C1- 6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl, halogen or C1-6alkyl substituted phenyl, C1-6alkyl-S (O) 2-, C1-6alkyl-S (O) -, C1-6alkoxycarbonyl, C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, haloC1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heterocyclyl-C (=O) -, heteroaryl-C (=O) -, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -, or phenyl-C (=O) -; or
    (d) spiro-heterocyclyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R22d, wherein R22d is selected from:
    1) C1-6alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6alkoxyC1-6alkoxy-or C1- 6alkoxycarbonyl;
    2) C2-6alkenyl or C2-6alkynyl;
    3) C1-6alkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy;
    4) C3-8cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1- 6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, each of said C3- 8cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkoxy;
    5) C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -, or C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, wherein said C1-6alkyl or C1- 6alkoxy is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen or deuterium;
    6) R22e-NH-C (=O) -, wherein R22e is C1-6alkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, each of said phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C1-6alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkoxy; and
    R23 is deuterium, oxo, halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkoxy, C3-8cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl.
  2. The compound of claim 1, wherein R1 is quinolinyl, oxadiazolyl, naphthalenyl, tetrahydronaphthalenyl, indolyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, imidazopyridinyl, benzoimidazolyl, pyrazolopyrimidinyl, benzooxazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothiophenyl, quinolinyl, indazolyl, quinoxalinyl, naphthyridinyl, quinazolinyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R1a,
    wherein R1a is halogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2-6alkynyl, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -, R11a-O-, NHR11b, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, or phenyl, wherein said phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, hydroxy, or C1-6alkoxy;
    R11a is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl-, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkoxy-, C1-6alkoxy-C1- 6alkoxy-, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-NH-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkoxy-C1- 6alkyl-, phenyl-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, wherein said phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl, either per se or as an moiety, is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, hydroxy, or C1-6alkoxy;
    R11b is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -.
  3. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is a compound of formula (III)
  4. The compound of claim 3, wherein R1a and R1b are each independently halogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C2- 6alkynyl, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -, R11a-O-, NHR11b, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, or phenyl, wherein said phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, hydroxy, or C1-6alkoxy; wherein R11a is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl-, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkoxy-, C1- 6alkoxy-C1-6alkoxy-, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-NH-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl-, wherein said phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl, either per se or as an moiety, is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, oxo, C1- 6alkyl, hydroxy, or C1-6alkoxy; R11b is hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -.
  5. The compound of claim 4, wherein R1a is halogen, R11a-O-, NHR11b, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, or phenyl, wherein said phenyl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, hydroxy, or C1-6alkoxy; and R1b is halogen, NHR11b, C1-6alkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, or phenyl. In some embodiments, R1b is at position 3.
  6. The compound of claim 4, wherein R1a is fluoro, chloro, bromo, methoxy, ethoxy, hydroxy, amino, acetylamino, phenoxy, piperidin-4-ylmethoxy, pyrrolidin-1-yl, 2- ( (2-methoxyethyl) amino) ethoxy, 2-morpholinoethoxy, pyridin-3-ylmethoxy, (1H-pyrazol-3-yl) methoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, 2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, or 2- ( (5- ( (3aR, 4R, 6aS) -2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno [3, 4-d] imidazol-4-yl) pentyl) oxy) ethoxy.
  7. The compound of claim 1, wherein R1 is 1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 3- (5- (thiophen-3-yl) -1, 3, 4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 8-chloroquinolin-6-yl, 8-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 8-fluoroquinolin-6-yl, 8-ethoxyquinolin-6-yl, 8-hydroxyquinolin-6-yl, 8-aminoquinolin-6-yl, 8-acetylaminoquinolin-6-yl, 8-phenoxyquinolin-6-yl, 8- (piperidin-4-ylmethoxy) quinolin-6-yl, 8- (pyrrolidin-1-yl) quinolin-6-yl, 3-fluoro-8-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 3-bromo-8-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 3- ( (tert-butoxycarbonyl) amino) -8-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 3-amino-8-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 3-fluoro-8- (2- ( (2-methoxyethyl) amino) ethoxy) quinolin-6-yl, 3-fluoro-8- (2-morpholinoethoxy) quinolin-6-yl, 8-methoxy-3- (1H-pyrazol-5-yl) quinolin-6-yl, 8- (pyridin-3-ylmethoxy) quinolin-6-yl, 8- ( (1H-pyrazol-3-yl) methoxy) quinolin-6-yl, 8- (2-methoxyethoxy) quinolin-6-yl, 8- (2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethoxy) quinolin-6-yl, 8- (2-methoxyethoxy) quinolin-6-yl, 8- (2-methoxyethoxy) quinolin-6-yl , 8- (2- ( (5- ( (3aR, 4R, 6aS) -2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno [3, 4-d] imidazol-4-yl) pentyl) oxy) ethoxy) quinolin-6-yl, naphthalen-1-yl, naphthalen-2-yl, 1, 2, 3, 4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl, 1H-indol-4-yl, pyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyridin-5-yl, 1H-indol-5-yl, 1-methyl-1H-indol-6-yl, 1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl, pyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyridin-6-yl, imidazo [1, 2-a] pyridin-6-yl, 3a, 7a-dihydro-1H-benzo [d] imidazol-6-yl, pyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidin-5-yl, 3a, 7a-dihydrobenzo [d] oxazol-6-yl, benzofuran-5-yl, benzo [b] thiophen-5-yl, quinolin-6-yl, 1H-indazol-5-yl, quinoxalin-6-yl, 1, 5-naphthyridin-2-yl, 7-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 2-chloroquinolin-6-yl, 5-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 3-fluoroquinolin-6-yl, 7-fluoroquinolin-6-yl, 3-chloroquinolin-6-yl, 3-methoxycarbonylquinolin-6-yl, 4-chloroquinolin-6-yl, quinazolin-6-yl, 4-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 5-fluoroquinolin-6-yl, 3-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, quinolin-2-yl, quinolin-3-yl, quinolin-7-yl.
  8. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is a compound of Formula (II)
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, a tautomer thereof, or a deuterated analog thereof,
    Ra and Rb are each independently hydrogen or C1-6alkyl;
    R1a is -COOR11 or heteroaryl, wherein R11 is hydrogen or C1-6alkyl;
    R2 is phenyl, naphthalenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, or C1-6alkyl, wherein each of phenyl, naphthalenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, and cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R21, and said C1-6alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more R23;
    wherein
    R21 is halogen; C1-6alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, halogen, C1-6alkoxy, hydroxy, or phenyl; NR2aR2b; nitro; cyano; aryl-C1-6alkoxy; C1-6alkoxy; hydroxy; haloC1-6alkyl; C1- 6alkylsulfonyl-; phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy; -C (=O) R22, or -S (O) 2R22,
    Wherein
    R2a and R2b are each independently hydrogen or C1-6alkyl, and
    R22 is
    (a) hydroxy or C1-6alkoxy;
    (b) -NR22aR22b, wherein R22a and R22b are each independently hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, or C1-6alkyl-C1-6alkoxy;
    (c) heterocyclyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R22c, wherein R22c is selected from halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl, C2- 6alkenyl, C3-8cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl, halogen or C1-6alkyl substituted phenyl, C1-6alkyl-S (O) 2-, C1-6alkyl-S (O) -, C1-6alkoxycarbonyl, C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, haloC1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heterocyclyl-C (=O) -, heteroaryl-C (=O) -, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -, or phenyl-C (=O) -; or
    (d) spiro-heterocyclyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R22d, wherein R22d is selected from:
    1) C1-6alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6alkoxyC1-6alkoxy-or C1- 6alkoxycarbonyl;
    2) C2-6alkenyl or C2-6alkynyl;
    3) C1-6alkoxy which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy;
    4) C3-8cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1- 6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, each of said C3- 8cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkoxy;
    5) C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -, or C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, wherein said C1-6alkyl or C1- 6alkoxy is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen or deuterium;
    6) R22e-NH-C (=O) -, wherein R22e is C1-6alkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, each of said phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C1-6alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkoxy; and
    R23 is deuterium, oxo, halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkoxy, C3-8cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl.
  9. The compound of any one of the above claims, wherein Ra and Rb are both hydrogen.
  10. The compound of any one of the above claims, wherein R2 is naphthalenyl, indacenyl, quinazolinyl, C3- 8cycloalkyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, or alkyl, each of said naphthalenyl, quinazolinyl, C3- 8cycloalkyl, indolyl, quinolinyl, pyrazolopyridinyl, and alkyl is unsubstituted or substituted with cycloalkyl, alkoxy, halogen or oxo.
  11. The compound of any one of the above claims, wherein R2 is naphthalen-2-yl, 1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 7-hexahydro-s-indacen-4-yl, 8-fluoro-2, 4-dioxo-1, 4-dihydroquinazolin-3 (2H) -yl, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cycloheptyl, 1H-indol-4-yl, 1H-indol-5-yl, quinolin-4-yl, quinolin-8-yl, quinolin-2-yl, quinolin-3-yl, quinolin-5-yl, quinolin-7-yl, pyrazolo [1, 5-a] pyridin-5-yl, propyl, isobutyl, tert-butyl, cyclopropylmethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, or 3-methoxypropyl.
  12. The compound of any one of the above claims, wherein R2 is phenyl, which is substituted with 1 to 4 substituents R21; or R2 is phenyl, which is substituted with 1 to 3 substituents R21; R2 is phenyl, which is substituted with 1 to 2 substituents R21; or R2 is phenyl, which is substituted with R21.
  13. The compound of any one of the above claims, wherein R21 is halogen; C1-6alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, halogen, C1-6alkoxy, hydroxy, or phenyl; NR2aR2b; nitro; cyano; aryl-C1-6alkoxy; C1-6alkoxy; hydroxy; haloC1-6alkyl; C1-6alkylsulfonyl-; phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy; -C (=O) R22, wherein R2a and R2b are each independently hydrogen or C1- 6alkyl, and R22 is
    (a) hydroxy or C1-6alkoxy;
    (b) -NR22aR22b, wherein R22a and R22b are each independently hydrogen, C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C3- 8cycloalkyl, or C1-6alkyl-C1-6alkoxy;
    (c) heterocyclyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R22c, wherein R22c is selected from halogen, oxo, C1-6alkyl, haloC1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy-C1-6alkyl, C2-6alkenyl, C3- 8cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, phenyl, halogen or C1- 6alkyl substituted phenyl, C1-6alkyl-S (O) 2-, C1-6alkyl-S (O) -, C1-6alkoxycarbonyl, C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, haloC1- 6alkyl-C (=O) -, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-C (=O) -, heterocyclyl-C (=O) -, heteroaryl-C (=O) -, C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -, or phenyl-C (=O) -; or
    (d) spiro-heterocyclyl, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R22d, wherein R22d is selected from:
    1) C1-6alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl, C1-6alkoxy, C1-6alkoxyC1-6alkoxy-or C1-6alkoxycarbonyl;
    2) C2-6alkenyl or C2-6alkynyl;
    3) C3-8cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1- 6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, each of said C3-8cycloalkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkoxy;
    4) C1-6alkoxy-C (=O) -,
    5) haloC1-6alkyl-C (=O) -,
    6) R22e-NH-C (=O) -, wherein R22e is C1-6alkyl, phenyl, heteroaryl, heterocyclyl, C1-6alkyl, phenyl-C1-6alkyl-, heteroaryl-C1-6alkyl-, or heterocyclyl-C1-6alkyl-, each of said phenyl, heteroaryl, or heterocyclyl is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more C1- 6alkoxycarbonyl, halogen, hydroxy, C1-6alkyl or C1-6alkoxy.
  14. The compound of any one of the above claims, wherein R22 is methoxy, ethoxy, or hydroxy.
  15. The compound of any one of the above claims, wherein R22 is (tert-butyl) NH-, (cyclopentyl) NH-, (cyclohexyl) NH-, (allyl) NH-, or (2-methoxyethyl) NH-.
  16. The compound of any one of the above claims, wherein R22 is 5-to 8-membered heterocyclyl comprising one or two nitrogen as ring member, which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R22c;
    Preferably R22 is morphino, piperazinyl, 1, 4-diazepanyl, piperidinyl or morpholino, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R22c;
    Preferably R22 is morphino, piperazine-1-yl, 1, 4-diazepane-1-yl, or piperidine-1-yl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted with one or more substituents R22c
    Preferably R22c is methyl, ethyl, isopropyl; benzyl, 2-methoxyethyl; allyl; cyclopropyl, cyclohexyl; oxetan-3-yl, thiomorpholine-4-yl; p-tolyl, 4-fluorophenyl; pyridin-4-yl; fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo; oxo; methylsulfonyl; tert-butoxycarbonyl, acetyl, or ethoxycarbonyl. In some embodiments, R22 is 4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperazine-1-yl, 4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -1, 4-diazepane-1, piperidine-1-yl, 4-methylpiperazine-1-yl, 4-chloropiperidine-1-yl, 4-oxopiperidine-1-yl, 4-benzylpiperazine-1-yl, 4- (thiomorpholine-4-yl, piperazine-1-yl, 4- (2-methoxyethyl) piperazine-1-yl, 4-acetylpiperazine-1-yl, 4- (ethoxycarbonyl) piperazin-1-yl, 4- (methylsulfonyl) piperazine-1-yl, 4-cyclohexylpiperazine-1-yl, 4-ethylpiperazine-1-yl, 4-isopropylpiperazine-1-yl, 4-cyclopropylpiperazine-1-yl, 4- (oxetan-3-yl) piperazine-1-yl, 4-allylpiperazine-1-yl, 4- (p-tolyl) piperazine-1-yl, 4- (4-fluorophenyl) piperazine-1-yl, or 4- (pyridin-4-yl) piperazine-1-yl.
  17. The compound of any one of the above claims, wherein R22 is spiro-heterocyclyl, which is substituted with one or more substituents R22d, wherein R22d is as defined in Formula (I) ;
    preferably R22 iswherein n1, n2, n3 and n4 are each independently 1, 2, or 3; X is N or CH and R22d is defined as above;
    preferably R22 is diazaspiro [3.3] heptaneyl, or diazaspiro [3.5] nonaneyl, each of which is substituted with R22d. In some embodiments, R22 is 2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-2-yl, or 2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-7-yl, each of which is substituted with R22d.
  18. The compound of any one of the above claims, wherein R22d is tert-butoxycarbonyl, 2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl, (4- (ethoxycarbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl) carbamoyl, butylcarbamoyl, benzylcarbamoyl, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, neopentyl, isopropyl; phenethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, benzyl; allyl, but-3-en-1-yl’ methoxycarbonylpropyl, methoxycarbonylethyl, 3-methoxypropyl, 2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl; cyclopentyl, or cyclohexyl. In some embodiments, R22 is 6- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 7- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-2-yl, 2- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-2-yl, 2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-7-yl, 6-methyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- ( (4- (ethoxycarbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl) carbamoyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- (butylcarbamoyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- (benzylcarbamoyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6-propyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6-allyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- (3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- (3-methoxypropyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6-butyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- (but-3-en-1-yl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- (2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- (4-methoxy-4-oxobutyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6-phenethyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6-ethyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6- (2-hydroxyethyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6-neopentyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6-cyclopentyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6-cyclohexyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, 6-benzyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl, or 6-isopropyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-yl.
  19. The compound of any one of the above claims, wherein R2 is phenyl, which is substituted with one or more R21.
  20. The compound of any one of the above claims, wherein R21 is halogen; C1-6alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, halogen, C1-6alkoxy, hydroxy, or phenyl; NR2aR2b; nitro; cyano; aryl-C1-6alkoxy; C1-6alkoxy; hydroxy; haloC1-6alkyl; C1-6alkylsulfonyl-; phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy;
    Preferably R21 is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, ethyl, methyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl , NH2, benzyloxy, nitro, methoxy, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, methylsulfonyl, phenyl, or 4-methoxyphenyl. In some embodiments, R21 is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, ethyl, methyl, or isopropyl.
  21. The compound of claim 8, wherein R2 is 2, 6-difluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-ethyl-6-fluorophenyl, 2-amino-6-methylphenyl, 2-amino-6-methylphenyl, 2-methyl-6-nitrophenyl, 2-nitrophenyl, 2- (benzyloxy) phenyl, 2-methoxy-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl, 2-bromo-6-fluorophenyl, 2-cyano-6-fluorophenyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-iodophenyl, 2-fluoro-6- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl, 2-isopropylphenyl, 2- (tert-butyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-methylphenyl, 2-bromo-6-methylphenyl, 2-chloro-6-methoxyphenyl, 2-bromo-6-methoxyphenyl, 2-methoxy-6-nitrophenyl, 2, 6-diisopropylphenyl, 2, 6-dichlorophenyl, 2, 3-difluorophenyl, 2, 4-difluorophenyl, 2, 5-difluorophenyl, 2, 3, 6-trifluorophenyl, 2, 4, 6-trifluorophenyl, 4-chloro-2, 6-difluorophenyl, 2, 3, 4, 5-tetrafluorophenyl, 3, 4-difluorophenyl, 3, 5-difluorophenyl, 2, 3, 5, 6-tetrafluorophenyl, 2-fluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 2-chloro-4, 6-difluorophenyl, 2, 4-dichloro-6-fluorophenyl, 4-bromo-2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4- (methylsulfonyl) phenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4- (methoxycarbonyl) phenyl, 4-cyano-2, 6-difluorophenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4-iodophenyl, 4-chloro-2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 3, 5-difluoro- [1, 1'-biphenyl] -4-yl, 3, 5-difluoro-4'-methoxy- [1, 1'-biphenyl] -4-yl, 3-chloro-5-fluoro- [1, 1'-biphenyl] -4-yl, 2, 6-difluoro-4- (ethoxycarbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (trifluoromethyl) phenyl, (4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 4-cyano-2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, (2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (methoxycarbonyl) phenyl, (2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (ethoxycarbonyl) phenyl, (2-fluoro-6-chloro-4- (ethoxycarbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (piperidine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (tert-butylcarbamoyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 4- (cyclopentylcarbamoyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 4- (cyclohexylcarbamoyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 4- (allylcarbamoyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -1, 4-diazepane-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (4-chloropiperidine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (4-oxopiperidine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (4-benzylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 4- (4-benzylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (thiomorpholine-4-carbonyl) phenyl, 4-carboxy-2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4-oxopiperidine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- ( (2-methoxyethyl) carbamoyl) phenyl, 6- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 7- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-2-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 4- (2- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-7-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-4- (4- (2-methoxyethyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -6-methylphenyl, 4- (4-acetylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 4- (4- (ethoxycarbonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (4- (methylsulfonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (4-cyclohexylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 4- (4-ethylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-4- (4-isopropylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -6-methylphenyl, 4- (4-cyclopropylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (4- (oxetan-3-yl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (4-allylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (2, 7-diazaspiro [3.5] nonane-7-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (4- (p-tolyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-4- (4- (4-fluorophenyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (4- (pyridin-4-yl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (6-methyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (6- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (6- ( (4- (ethoxycarbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl) carbamoyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4- (5- ( (3aR, 4R, 6aS) -2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno [3, 4-d] imidazol-4-yl) pentanoyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (6- (butylcarbamoyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 4- (6- (benzylcarbamoyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (6-propyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (6-allyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (6- (3-methoxy-3-oxopropyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (6- (3-methoxypropyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-4- (6- (cyclopropylmethyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4- (5- ( (3aR, 4R, 6aS) -2-oxohexahydro-1H-thieno [3, 4-d]imidazol-4-yl) pentyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (6-butyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 4- (6- (but-3-en-1-yl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (6- (2- (2-methoxyethoxy) ethyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (6- (4-methoxy-4-oxobutyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (6-phenethyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-4- (6-ethyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (6- (2-hydroxyethyl) -2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (6-neopentyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-4- (6-cyclopentyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-4- (6-cyclohexyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -6-fluorophenyl, 4- (6-benzyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, or 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (6-isopropyl-2, 6-diazaspiro [3.3] heptane-2-carbonyl) phenyl.
  22. The compound of claim 3, wherein R2 is 2, 6-difluorophenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-hydroxyphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-hydroxyphenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methoxyphenyl, 2, 6-dimethylphenyl, 2, 6-dichlorophenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4-methoxyphenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-4, 6-dimethylphenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-methylphenyl, 2-chloro-4- (N-cyclopropylsulfamoyl) -6-fluorophenyl, 8-methoxyquinolin-6-yl, 4- ( (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperazin-1-yl) sulfonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (piperazin-1-ylsulfonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (morpholinosulfonyl) pheny, quinolin-2-yl, quinolin-3-yl, 3-chloro-5-fluoro-4-carboxyphenyl, 4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 4- (methoxycarbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (morpholine-4-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (methylcarbamoyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-chloro-4- (morpholine-4-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (methylamino) phenyl, 4- (piperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (phenylcarbamoyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (piperazin-1-yl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-acetylaminophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-morpholinophenyl, 4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (N-methylsulfamoyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (N-phenylsulfamoyl) phenyl) , 2-chloro-4- (cyclopropylcarbamoyl) -6-fluorophenyl) , 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (methylcarbamoyl) phenyl) , 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (phenylcarbamoyl) phenyl) , 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (morpholine-4-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-fluoro-4-carboxy-5-methylphenyl, quinolin-6-yl, quinolin-7-yl, 3- (2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-sulfamoylphenyl) , 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (piperazin-1-ylsulfonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (phenylamino) phenyl, 4- (cyclopropylsulfonyl) -2-fluoro-6-methylphenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4- (morpholinosulfonyl) phenyl, 4-chloro-2, 6-difluorophenyl, 2, 4-dichloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-4, 6-difluorophenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4- (phenylamino) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (methoxycarbonyl) phenyl, cyclohexyl, 4- (cyclohexylamino) -2, 6-difluorophenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4-methoxycarbonylphenyl, 4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-chlorophenyl, 4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) piperidine-1-carbonyl) -2-fluoro-6-chlorophenyl, 2-chloro-4- (4- (cyclohexanecarbonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -6-fluorophenyl, 4- (4-benzoylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-fluoro-6-methyl-4-methoxycarbonylphenyl, perfluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-tert-butoxycarbonylphenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (2-morpholinoethoxy) phenyl, 4- ( (1-benzoylpiperidin-4-yl) carbamoyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-4- ( (1- (cyclohexanecarbonyl) piperidin-4-yl) carbamoyl) -6-fluorophenyl, (1S, 4S) -1, 7, 7-trimethylbicyclo [2.2.1] heptan-2-yl, 4- ( (1H-imidazol-1-yl) methyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4- (2, 2, 2-trifluoroacetyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-4- (4- (cyclopropanecarbonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) -6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4- ( (trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, (R) -4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -2-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, (S) -4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -3-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, (S) -4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -2-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, (R) -4- (4- (tert-butoxycarbonyl) -3-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- ( (2-hydroxyethoxy) carbonyl) phenyl, 4- (2-methoxyethyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-4- ( (cyclohexyloxy) carbonyl) -6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- ( (2- (2-hydroxyethoxy) ethoxy) carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- ( (3-methoxy-3-oxopropoxy) carbonyl) phenyl, 4-acetyl-2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 4-methoxycarbonyl-2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 4- ( (2-carboxyethoxy) carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 4- ( (3- (tert-butoxy) -3-oxopropoxy) carbonyl) -2-chloro-6-fluorophenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4-methylpiperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4- (2-methoxyethyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- ( (2-methoxyethoxy) carbonyl) phenyl, 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4- (4- (2-methoxyacetyl) piperazine-1-carbonyl) phenyl, or 2-chloro-6-fluoro-4-methoxycarbonylphenyl, 2, 6-difluoro-4- (N- (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-yl) sulfamoyl) phenyl.
  23. The compound of claim 8, wherein the compound is a compound of formula (IIa)
    or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, a tautomer thereof, or a deuterated analog thereof,
    Wherein R1, Ra, Rb and R22 are defined as in formula (I) ; and R21a is halogen; C1-6alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with deuterium, halogen, C1-6alkoxy, hydroxy, or phenyl; NR2aR2b; nitro; cyano; aryl-C1-6alkoxy; C1-6alkoxy; hydroxy; haloC1-6alkyl; C1-6alkylsulfonyl-; phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted with halogen, C1-6alkyl, or C1-6alkoxy; and p is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4. In some embodiments, R21a is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, ethyl, methyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl , NH2, benzyloxy, nitro, methoxy, cyano, hydroxy, trifluoromethyl, methylsulfonyl, phenyl, or 4-methoxyphenyl. In some embodiments, R21a is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, ethyl, methyl, or isopropyl.
  24. The compound of claim 1, wherein the compound is a compound selected from the group consisting of Compounds No. 1-311, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, a tautomer thereof, or a deuterated analog thereof.
  25. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of any one of claims 1 to 17 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, or a deuterated analog thereof and a pharmaceutically-acceptable excipient.
  26. A method for modulating NLRP3 activity comprising contacting NLRP3 with the compound of any one of claims 1 to 17.
  27. A method for treating a disease or disorder in which a decrease in NLRP3 activity contributes to the pathology and/or symptoms and/or progression of the disease or disorder in a subject, comprising administering to the subject in need an effective amount of the compound of any one of claims 1 to 17 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, or a deuterated analog thereof.
  28. A method for treating a disease or disorder in which an increase in NLRP3 signaling is observed to correct a deficiency in innate immune activity that contributes to the pathology and/or symptoms and/or progression of the disease in a subject, comprising administering to the subject in need an effective amount of the compound of any one of claims 1 to 17 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a stereoisomer thereof, or a deuterated analog thereof.
  29. The method of claim 20 or 21, wherein the disease or disorder is a cancer or an infectious disease or Alzheimer's disease.
PCT/CN2025/082116 2024-03-13 2025-03-12 Urea compounds as nlrp3 agonists Pending WO2025190317A1 (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994014801A1 (en) * 1992-12-29 1994-07-07 Smithkline Beecham Plc Heterocyclic urea derivatives as 5ht2c and 5ht2b antagonists
CN102083794A (en) * 2008-05-05 2011-06-01 安姆根有限公司 Urea compounds as gamma secretase modulators
WO2013020909A1 (en) * 2011-08-05 2013-02-14 Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale (Inserm) Materials and methods for the treatment of tauopathies
WO2019209896A1 (en) * 2018-04-25 2019-10-31 Innate Tumor Immunity, Inc. Nlrp3 modulators
WO2022026823A1 (en) * 2020-07-31 2022-02-03 Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, Inc. Cdk19-selective inhibitors, and methods of use thereof
WO2022079246A1 (en) * 2020-10-16 2022-04-21 Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Nlrp3 activators for use in the treatment of infectious diseases or cancer by activating nlrp3 inflammasome
CN115843272A (en) * 2020-05-08 2023-03-24 哈利亚治疗公司 Inhibitors of NEK7 kinase

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1994014801A1 (en) * 1992-12-29 1994-07-07 Smithkline Beecham Plc Heterocyclic urea derivatives as 5ht2c and 5ht2b antagonists
CN102083794A (en) * 2008-05-05 2011-06-01 安姆根有限公司 Urea compounds as gamma secretase modulators
WO2013020909A1 (en) * 2011-08-05 2013-02-14 Institut National De La Sante Et De La Recherche Medicale (Inserm) Materials and methods for the treatment of tauopathies
WO2019209896A1 (en) * 2018-04-25 2019-10-31 Innate Tumor Immunity, Inc. Nlrp3 modulators
CN115843272A (en) * 2020-05-08 2023-03-24 哈利亚治疗公司 Inhibitors of NEK7 kinase
WO2022026823A1 (en) * 2020-07-31 2022-02-03 Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, Inc. Cdk19-selective inhibitors, and methods of use thereof
WO2022079246A1 (en) * 2020-10-16 2022-04-21 Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg Nlrp3 activators for use in the treatment of infectious diseases or cancer by activating nlrp3 inflammasome

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