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WO2025186597A1 - Système de procédé de compostage de déchets urbains - Google Patents

Système de procédé de compostage de déchets urbains

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Publication number
WO2025186597A1
WO2025186597A1 PCT/IB2024/052109 IB2024052109W WO2025186597A1 WO 2025186597 A1 WO2025186597 A1 WO 2025186597A1 IB 2024052109 W IB2024052109 W IB 2024052109W WO 2025186597 A1 WO2025186597 A1 WO 2025186597A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gases
waste
section
air
sections
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Pending
Application number
PCT/IB2024/052109
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WO2025186597A8 (fr
Inventor
Jalal MIRDAVOODI
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to PCT/IB2024/052109 priority Critical patent/WO2025186597A1/fr
Publication of WO2025186597A1 publication Critical patent/WO2025186597A1/fr
Publication of WO2025186597A8 publication Critical patent/WO2025186597A8/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/50—Treatments combining two or more different biological or biochemical treatments, e.g. anaerobic and aerobic treatment or vermicomposting and aerobic treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/46—Removing components of defined structure
    • B01D53/48—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D53/50—Sulfur oxides
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/77—Liquid phase processes
    • B01D53/78—Liquid phase processes with gas-liquid contact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • B09B3/60—Biochemical treatment, e.g. by using enzymes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/80—Separation, elimination or disposal of harmful substances during the treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C05F17/90—Apparatus therefor
    • C05F17/964—Constructional parts, e.g. floors, covers or doors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
    • B09B2101/25—Non-industrial waste, e.g. household waste
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B2101/00—Type of solid waste
    • B09B2101/70—Kitchen refuse; Food waste
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to making system and structure of urban waste composting process which by collecting and burning the garbage, fetid gases resulting from the decomposition of sulfur-containing organic substances by anaerobic and aerobic bacteria from urban waste, as well as aromatic gases and methane are created, purify and neutralize these gases. Also, this invention is in the field of production of sulfuric acid from the gases resulting from the production of compost from urban waste using heat and purification by an air washer, as well as the production of CO 2 gas.
  • the microbial bacterium agent for degrading Chinese kitchen refuses and the preparing method of the microbial bacterium agent can meet the present low carbon, environmental protection and energy saving requirements.
  • the equipment comprises a fermentation machine, a deodorization machine and a water chiller
  • the fermentation machine comprises a box body, a fermentation chamber, a feeding opening, a solid organic fertilizer discharge opening, a screw feed conveying mechanism, a screw discharge conveying mechanism, a stirring mechanism and a heating device
  • the deodorization machine comprises a box body, air filter boxes, cooling and condensing boxes and activated carbon adsorption boxes
  • condensed fluid collection pipelines are arranged at the bottoms of the air filter boxes, the cooling and condensing boxes and the activated carbon adsorption boxes
  • the condensed fluid collection pipelines are connected to a liquid organic manure discharge pipe
  • the water chiller comprises a water chiller main body, a water pump, a water outlet pipeline and a water return pipe;
  • An Chinese invention with publication no. CN104801528A which is filed dated 12/04/2017 titled “Domestic waste organic treatment method” relates to a domestic waste organic treatment method.
  • the method comprises the following steps: separating organic matters from domestic wastes, crushing to form particles, and discharging particles with the dimension of below 8mm, lightweight materials and metallic magnetic materials; sending the crushed organic particles into a bioreactor, spraying inoculation water on the organic particles, allowing the organic particles to go through a mechanical stirrer, leaching dissoluble organic matters in the organic particles into a leachate, filtering the collected leachate to remove residues, sending the leachate into an anaerobic reactor in a sewage treatment station, carrying out treatment, sending generated methane and carbon dioxide into a biogas storage bag for recycling, sending biochemical active sludge water into an aerobic reaction tank, degrading organic matters, allowing wastewater separated from the sludge water to respectively go through an ultrafilter and a nanofilter or a reverse-osmosis device for treatment
  • a Chinese invention with publication No. CN105665410A which is filed dated 14/01/2016 titled “Household garbage fine separation and complete recycling comprehensive treatment process” discloses a household garbage fine separation and complete recycling comprehensive treatment process and relates to a process for treating household garbage.
  • urban household garbage which is collected in a centralized manner can be recycled in a plurality of manners and enters all recycling systems, a plurality of products are produced and returned to the urban for use, and recycling, maximum reduction and harmlessness of the household garbage are truly and completely achieved.
  • the household garbage fine separation and complete recycling comprehensive treatment process comprises following steps of bag breaking, leaching and material storage of the household garbage; separating, wherein waste plastic, unrecyclable combustible materials, organic matter, inert inorganic matter and ferromagnetic matter are separated out; treatment of the separated matter; collecting and treating of garbage leachate and waste water; collecting and treating of waste gas or bad smell; and treating of the noise.
  • a Chinese invention with patent No. CN108587967A which is granted dated 16/06/2020 titled "Microbial bacterium agent for degrading Chinese kitchen refuses and preparing method thereof" discloses a kind of preparation methods of the decomposed composite bacteria agent of kitchen of high temperature resistant salt tolerant, streptomycete, bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and S. cervisiae are subjected to seed culture respectively, streptomycete mycelium pellet suspension, bacillus subtilis bacterium solution, bacillus amyloliquefaciens bacterium solution and S.
  • cervisiae bacterium solution are obtained to corresponding; It by streptomycete mycelium pellet suspension, is seeded in solid fermentation material and cultivates, obtain the decomposed bacterium of solid, Remaining 3 kinds of bacterium solution is mixed, composite bacteria liquid is obtained; Composite bacteria liquid and the decomposed bacterium of solid are stirred and evenly mixed in the ratio of 9 ⁇ 11 ml/ 100g, carry out low temperature drying again, enzyme preparation is finally mixed into, obtains decomposed composite bacteria agent.
  • the composite bacteria agent can be used for decomposed kitchen garbage.
  • Another Chinese invention with publication No. CN111117937A which is filed dated 08/05/2020 titled "Novel acid-resistant salt-resistant composite bacterium for degrading kitchen waste and preparation method and application thereof" discloses a novel acid-resistant salt-resistant composite bacterium for degrading kitchen waste, and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the method comprises the following steps: bacillus, yeast and mould are used as original bacteria, and acid and salt mutagenesis is carried out to respectively obtain domesticated strains with acid and salt resistance.
  • novel acid- resistant salt-resistant composite bacteria are prepared and used for degrading the kitchen waste in residential areas.
  • the method has the advantages of wide raw bacteria source, simple domestication process, low cost and wide application range, and the application of the acid-resistant salt-resistant composite bacteria to the degradation of the kitchen waste in residential areas fully embodies the principles of reduction and harmless treatment of the kitchen waste, and has profound environmental protection significance and economic value.
  • a Chinese invention with publication No. CN113020223 A which if filed dated 26/03/2021 titled "Method for recycling urban resident domestic garbage through full-recycling comprehensive treatment” discloses a method for comprehensively treating and recycling urban resident domestic garbage, which comprises a garbage classification and collection process, a garbage sorting process and a harmless recycling process.
  • the garbage of each garbage transfer station is sent into the garbage region of unloading in the mode of vehicle transportation, through machine identification system, the dustbin with the garbage of the same kind is categorized, is sorted, and garbage is divided into other garbage, kitchen garbage, recoverable rubbish, harmful garbage, and other garbage are used for electricity generation, landfill, and the kitchen garbage degradation back is used for the compost, and recoverable rubbish carries out magnetic separation, selection by winnowing, photo electricity and selects recovery processing, and harmful garbage is useless as danger, centralized processing.
  • the urban domestic garbage is intelligently classified according to different garbage categories and recycled according to the characteristics of different garbage, so that the domestic garbage is recycled, and the recycling, harmlessness, reduction, industrialization and maximum profit are realized.
  • a Chinese invention with patent No. CN113182313B which is granted dated 07/04/2023 titled “Multi-source organic solid waste disposal system and method for recycling pollutants” relates to a pollutant recycling multi-source organic solid waste treatment system and method.
  • the foul smell of the anaerobic pre-treatment system and the foul smell of the aerobic composting treatment system are respectively introduced into the air inlet of the cement kiln cooperative treatment system through exhaust ports.
  • the system and the method provided by the invention realize the conversion of the pollution property of the high-temperature flue gas in the process of cooperatively treating the multisource organic solid wastes in a single park to the resource property, fully utilize the nitrogen oxide and the high-temperature heat energy in the flue gas to carry out the cracking pretreatment before anaerobic digestion of sludge, and in addition, the system thoroughly solves the problem caused by bad odor in the process of biologically treating the organic solid wastes.
  • a Chinese invention with publication No. CN113652366A which is filed dated 26/07/2021 titled "Combination method of compound microbial agent for degrading kitchen waste” is a combination method of a compound microbial agent for degrading kitchen waste, which comprises the following steps: bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces, yeast, Actinomycetes, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Microbacterium, Rhizopus oryzae, Cellulomonas cellulosae and Aspergillus.
  • the compound microbial agent is mainly characterized in that organic matters such as protein, starch, fat and cellulose in kitchen garbage are converted into stable products through the metabolic activity of microorganisms, and the stable products can be further processed into products such as fertilizers.
  • the research result is helpful for realizing harmless, quantitative reduction and resource treatment of the kitchen waste, and can provide a certain theoretical basis for efficient large-scale treatment of the kitchen waste.
  • a Korean invention with patent No. KR100791350B1 which is granted dated 03/01/2008 titled "The treatment method for recycle sludge from sewage” is a method for recycling sewage sludge provided to reduce treatment cost substantially by efficiently producing solid granules with a water content of 5% from sewage sludge containing water, simplify structure of facilities by making it not necessary to install auxiliary heating equipment, and produce a supplementary fuel of high quality by reducing the salt concentration substantially.
  • a method for recycling sewage sludge comprises: a pre-treatment process of uniformly mixing sewage sludge by a mixer and supplying a mixed sewage sludge with a water content of 55 to 60%; a drying and pulverizing process of separating water and solid granules with a water content of 5% from the sewage sludge supplied through the pre-treatment process by a rotary impact type drying and pulverizing machine using high speed centrifugal force; a discharging process of discharging the solid granules separated in the drying and pulverizing process to the outside; a scrubber process of separating gas and liquid from water separated in the drying and pulverizing process to discharge the gas and the liquid to the outside; and an odor removing process of purifying the gas separated in the scrubber process to release the purified gas into the air, wherein sewage sludge is supplied to the pre-treatment process such that the sewage sludge comprises sewage sludge with a water content of 75% and
  • Another Korean Invention with patent No. KR101238096B1 which is granted dated 28/02/2013 titled "Do industry foods trash large quantity gathering of goods extinction processing plant” relates to an industrial facility treatment apparatus for collecting and treating food waste, which is a large amount of organic waste, by using aerobic decaying bio-microbial bacteria to make condensed water vapor generated in the process of eliminating more than 95% of organic matter except inorganic matter within 24 hours. After purification, it is reduced to clean second-grade water and discharged to use water. The generated gas is recycled through internal circulation, and residual odors are cleaned and discharged after deodorization treatment.
  • the present invention relates to a mass collection and destruction treatment apparatus for industrial food waste using clean technology.
  • the present invention is an intermediate storage for storing the food waste classified in the input storage hopper and the screw conveyor conveying apparatus installed at the bottom thereof, the crush selector connected to the conveying apparatus and the sorting machine in the industrial storage of a large amount of food waste
  • a water separation and cooling device for transferring condensed water to the main body of the quenching device through the hydraulic transfer paper and water vapor generated during the treatment process
  • a water purification device for purifying the condensed water to clean water quality
  • a separated gas for storing the condensed water classified in the input storage hopper and the screw conveyor conveying apparatus installed at the bottom thereof, the crush selector connected to the conveying apparatus and the sorting machine in the industrial storage of a large amount of food waste
  • a water separation and cooling device for transferring condensed water to the main body of the quenching device through the hydraulic transfer paper and water vapor generated during the treatment process
  • a water purification device for purifying the condensed water to clean water quality
  • Ring blower which flows into the air and transfers to the decay treatment unit body for recycling
  • deodorizer which deodorizes and discharges the remaining odor and screw conveyor compost conveying to discharge the small amount of composted residues that have been processed and left in the decontamination unit body Composting for storage and fermentation of equipment and composted residues
  • deodorizing facilities PLC controls the controller, the conveyor transport device for operation is set to the apparatus and phase separator shredding processing.
  • a Korean invention with patent No. KR200350901Y1 which is granted dated 22/20172004 titled relates to a waste wide area comprehensive processing system for comprehensively treating waste, and more specifically, by integrating factories for treating different kinds of waste in one place, it reduces site requirements and greatly reduces waste disposal costs.
  • the present invention relates to a comprehensive waste globalization processing system that can contribute to industrial development.
  • the present invention is a combustible fuel manufacturing facility that manufactures combustible fuel using combustible waste for commercial and industrial use, melts and vaporizes waste tires and rubber, extracts gas, installs electric power, and operates a generator to generate electric energy.
  • a main plant comprising a power generation facility for producing and a boiler facility for operating the fuel produced in the combustible fuel production facility to produce thermal energy;
  • a feed manufacturing plant which is operated by receiving energy from the main plant and manufactures feed using collected food waste;
  • a compost manufacturing plant which is operated by receiving energy from the main plant and manufactures compost by using collected food waste and sorghum;
  • a waste wood mill which is operated by receiving energy from the main plant, crushes the collected waste wood, produces sawdust, and uses the sawdust to make feed and compost feedstock or combustible fuel, and sends the sawdust to a feedstock or combustible fuel manufacturing facility; It operates by receiving energy from the main plant, crushes the collected waste rubber, waste tire and waste leather and transports them to the flammable fuel manufacturing facility, melts and vaporizes the waste rubber, waste tire and waste leather to expel gas.
  • a waste rubber and waste tire recycling plant composed of a power plant for generating electricity and a boiler plant for operating a boiler to supply power and heat to the industrial complex;
  • a waste paper recycling plant which is operated by receiving energy from the main plant, produces collected waste paper in water as a melt, mold forming and recycling material, and transfers the residue to a combustible fuel manufacturing facility;
  • a waste synthetic resin recycling plant which is operated by receiving energy from the main plant, pulverizes the collected waste synthetic resin and extracts emulsion liquid fuel;
  • a comprehensive recycling plant and a comprehensive recycling plant which are operated by receiving energy from the main plant, to manufacture the combustible fuel in the combustible fuel manufacturing facility, and collect and recycle separated glass and metals; It operates by receiving energy from the main plant, and produces and recycles secondary and tertiary impurities generated in the factories as combustible fuels and uses them as heat sources for each plant, and uses impurities that are not suitable as combustible fuels to 1300-1800 ° C
  • Incineration combustion treatment plant to completely remove toxic gas or odor by incineration; A rail-covered landfill that burns the residues and ashes burned in the incineration combustion plant; Sewage and wastewater comprehensive treatment and refining facilities linking leachate and reservoirs to which treated water is discharged; It provides a comprehensive waste treatment system that includes a comprehensive dust collection facility for comprehensive treatment of pollutants such as dust and harmful gases.
  • a Korean Invention with publication No. KR20110080866A which is filed dated 07/01/2010 titled "Recycling system of food waste” a recycling system with respect to food-waste is provided to recycle the food-waste as compost, gas generating fuel by implementing fermenting and anaerobic digesting processes.
  • food-waste is introduced through an introducing hopper.
  • the food-waste passes through a pulverizing and classifying unit, a dehydrating unit, a mixing unit, a fermenting bath, a post-aging bath, and a fine classifying unit.
  • the processed food-waste is discharged as compost.
  • Bio-gas is generated from the anaerobic bath and is supplied to a gas generating facility.
  • the gas generating facility uses the bio gas as electric energy.
  • Another Korean invention with publication No. KR20150049087A which is filed dated 29/10/2013 tiled "Methods and system to energize that containing organic waste, domestic waste” provided a method and a system for energizing household waste mixed with organic waste of the present invention relate to a mechanical-biological waste treatment (MBT) method, the method for energizing household waste comprising: a household waste crushing step, an anaerobic digestion step, a dehydration step, an aerobic fermentation drying step, a hot air drying step, and a solid fuel manufacturing step.
  • MTT mechanical-biological waste treatment
  • a method for treating the household waste with the MBT method uses an energization method and an energization system, wherein the energization method comprises an electricity generation step for generating the electricity by using the biogas produced in the anaerobic digestion step, and the energization system comprises: a waste pit, a household crusher, a digestion tank pump, an anaerobic digestion tank, a biogas refining means, a gas storage tank, a gas generator, a waste heat boiler, a dehydrator, a mixer, an aerobic dryer, a hot air dryer, a flammable waste selector, and a solid fuel molding machine.
  • a production of solid fuel with good quality and a production of electric power using biogas can be simultaneously performed; operating costs can be reduced and the solid fuel can be more effectively produced by using the waste heat produced in the electric power generation process in the solid fuel generation process; and the MBT method can be activated.
  • the present invention has the ability to collect and purify gas from the composting process of urban waste, which is done using aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.
  • This invention by using the process of oxidation and production of sulfuric acid, it eliminates the bad smell of waste gases and also makes these gases safe.
  • This invention is portable and has the ability to move different sections, and there is also the ability to transfer sections to other rows of the compost process in this invention.
  • Dumping garbage in landfills has many disadvantages for the environment due to the emission of greenhouse gases and groundwater pollution.
  • the production of composting and soil amendment devices can be proposed as a new solution to deal with these challenges.
  • Composting machines convert organic materials such as food waste and agricultural waste into organic fertilizer. As a rich source of nutrients, this organic fertilizer can be used to improve soil quality and increase its fertility and promote sustainable agriculture.
  • composting machines has other advantages such as reducing the volume of waste, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and finally preserving natural resources. Considering the mentioned advantages, the production and use of composting and soil amendment devices can be considered as a sustainable solution to deal with environmental challenges.
  • Aerobic microbes use oxygen to feed on organic matter.
  • nutrients basic nitrogen, phosphorus and some carbon
  • Their cell protoplasm grows.
  • Organic materials are generally decomposed more efficiently and fully used in the conditions of access to sufficient and suitable oxygen and in large quantities. This happens as a result of the energy produced from aerobic fermentation.
  • the first phase of aerobic decomposition is mass formation. In the first two days of composting, the temperature rises rapidly to 70-80 degrees Celsius. Initially, mesophilic organisms (the optimal growth temperature of them is 20 to 45 degrees Celsius) grow rapidly due to the presence of sufficient available sugar and amino acids. Common mesophilic microbes include Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Flavobacterium, Clostridium, Altemaria, Cladosporium, Aspergillus, Mucor, Humicella, Penicillium, and Streptomyces. Due to access to a large amount of food resources, these microbes grow quickly and produce heat through their own metabolism and raise the temperature of the mass.
  • thermophilic fungi Aspergillus, Mucor, Chaetomium, Humicella, Absidia, Sporotrichum, Torula (yeast) and Thermoascus
  • thermophilic bacteria Bacillus and Thermos
  • actinomycetes Streptomyces, Micropolyspora, Thermaactinomyces and Thermomonospora
  • the final phase of active composting is the "conservation” phase.
  • some microbes basic fungi
  • the "protection” phase is one of the necessary phases before using compost in the field. Immature compost can cause great risks such as lack of oxygen and deficiencies in nutrients, which can cause a lack of nutrients in the soil and lead to the release of organic acids. Organic acids have toxic effects on plant material growing in the affected areas.
  • the final or mature compost mass becomes more uniform and has less microbial activity.
  • mesophilic microbes are regenerated in compost.
  • the final composting material is dark brown to black, which increases the humus content of the soil.
  • the particle size of mature compost is close to that of the soil texture and the carbon to nitrogen ratio is reduced, the pH is close to neutral and the exchange capacity is increased.
  • oxygen is a critical factor. Aerobic microbes need oxygen to grow and break down organic matter. If enough oxygen does not reach the compost mass, the growth of microbes slows down and the decomposition of organic matter is not done well. Proper ventilation also helps remove excess heat, water vapor, and other gases trapped in the pile. These gases can increase the temperature of the mass, decrease the humidity and create unfavorable conditions for the growth of microbes.
  • Raw material particle size control Raw materials with smaller particle size have more contact surface with air and therefore receive more oxygen. Frequent turning of the mass: turning the mass causes the raw materials to be uniformly exposed to the air.
  • Mesophilic phase In this phase, the temperature of the compost mass is between 20 and 45 degrees Celsius. In this phase, mesophilic microbes break down organic matter.
  • Thermophilic phase In this phase, the temperature of the compost mass is between 50 and 70 degrees Celsius. In this phase, thermophilic microbes break down organic matter at a faster rate and also destroy pathogens and weed seeds.
  • Composting temperature should be within the appropriate range. If the temperature is too high, the activity of microbes decreases and if the temperature is too low, the decomposition of organic matter slows down.
  • the critical temperature is 62°C and above. Therefore, to produce good compost, the composting temperature can be adjusted by turning and aerating the pile. Turning the pile causes the raw materials to be exposed to the air evenly and the temperature of the pile is evenly distributed. Aeration also helps to remove excess heat from the mass.
  • the moisture content must be within the appropriate range.
  • the ideal moisture content is between 40 and 65%. In this range, aerobic microbes can grow well and decompose organic matter into useful substances for plants.
  • the pH of compost indicates its acidity or alkalinity. pH is important for the growth and decomposition of organic matter by microbes. If the pH is too low, microbes cannot access nutrients and microbial activity decreases. If the pH is too high, microbes cannot grow well.
  • the optimal pH for good microbial growth in compost is between 6 and 7.5. Within this range, microbes can grow well and decompose organic matter into nutrients beneficial for plants.
  • the major nutrients in the composting process include: carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Carbon serves as an energy source for microbes, while nitrogen is essential for building proteins and other necessary molecules.
  • the carbon-to-nitrogen ratio is a limiting factor. In ratios exceeding 40 to 1 of carbon to nitrogen, an excess of carbon source and a limited amount of nitrogen source restrict microbial growth, leading to a slower decomposition process. In contrast, in carbon-to-nitrogen ratios less than 20 to 1, nitrogen may be utilized sparingly, and the excess may be released to the atmosphere as ammonia or nitrous oxide, causing odor issues.
  • phosphorus is a non-leachable nutrient and remains in the system throughout the process. Since phosphorus can leach from the system, its concentration in raw compost materials should be high. Similarly, potassium is another non-leachable nutrient that can leach from the composting system. The potassium concentration in the final compost product should always be higher than in the initial raw material.
  • Anaerobic composting process occurs without oxygen involvement. This typically happens in nature. Anaerobic decomposition results in the breakdown of organic compounds by the action of anaerobic microorganisms. Similar to aerobic processes, anaerobic microbes use nitrogen, phosphorus, and other nutrients for cellular protoplasm growth. The major difference between the decomposition of organic and mineral compounds in composting mass is akin to the breakdown of organic nitrogen into organic acids and ammonia. Similarly, a significant portion of carbon is released as methane gas, and a small portion of carbon can be respired as carbon dioxide. Since the bulk of anaerobic compost undergoes decomposition of organic matter due to the reductive process, the final product must, to some extent, be subjected to aerobic processes. This oxidation process does not adversely affect the utilization of materials as it occurs over a short period of time.
  • the anaerobic composting process involves four major stages: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis.
  • hydrolysis yeast microbes convert insoluble complex organic materials such as cellulose into soluble molecules such as fatty acids, amino acids, and sugars. Hydrolytic activity is a rate-limiting factor as it significantly affects materials with high organic content.
  • acidogenesis remaining complex molecules are further broken down by acidogenic bacteria (yeasts).
  • acetogenic bacteria are directed towards the production of acetic acid, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen.
  • Major bacteria in this phase include Clostridium acetobutylicum, Clostridium woodyi, and Clostridium thermocellum.
  • the final phase is methanogenesis.
  • methane producing bacteria produce methane (for example Methanosarcina).
  • temperature is one of the crucial factors that affects the speed and efficiency of the process.
  • the optimal temperature for the growth and activity of anaerobic microbes, mesophilic, is 35 degrees Celsius. At this temperature, microbes effectively decompose organic matter and maximize biogas production.
  • microbial activities decrease as well. For every 10-degree drop, microbial activities and growth rates can decrease by up to 50 percent. At a temperature of 10 degrees Celsius, biogas production ceases completely. Temperatures higher than 37 degrees Celsius can also have a negative impact on the anaerobic composting process. At this temperature, microbes may grow unnaturally fast and may increase the production of harmful byproducts such as ammonia and hydrogen sulfide. Additionally, it may lead to a reduction in biogas production.
  • pH is also a crucial factor that affects the speed and efficiency of the process.
  • the optimal pH for the growth and activity of anaerobic, mesophilic microbes is between 6.8 and 7.2. Within this pH range, microbes effectively decompose organic matter and maximize biogas production. As pH decreases, microbial activity declines. At a pH of 6.5, microbial activity decreases by approximately 50 percent. At pH 6, microbial activity significantly decreases, and biogas production stops.
  • pH 8 An increase in pH can also negatively affect the anaerobic composting process. At pH 8, microbial activity is reduced and may increase the production of harmful byproducts such as hydrogen sulfide.
  • the initial substrate concentration is one of the important factors affecting the anaerobic digestion process.
  • Initial substrate concentration measures the amount of organic matter in the compost mass at the beginning of the process.
  • the initial substrate concentration affects the speed and efficiency of anaerobic digestion process.
  • a higher initial substrate concentration leads to a faster decomposition rate of organic matter.
  • excessively high initial substrate concentration can also have a negative impact on the anaerobic digestion process.
  • microbes may not be able to decompose organic matter rapidly enough. This results in the accumulation of organic matter in the compost pile, which can lead to issues such as unpleasant odor and the production of harmful by-products.
  • the initial substrate concentration also affects methane production.
  • a higher initial substrate concentration leads to more methane gas production.
  • very high initial substrate concentration can also negatively affect methane gas production.
  • methane-producing microbes cannot break down organic matter fast enough. This leads to a reduction in methane gas production.
  • pathogens pose significant threats to the composting materials in anaerobic decomposition.
  • temperatures above 55 degrees Celsius can eliminate pathogens.
  • temperatures in anaerobic decomposition temperatures are usually below 40 degrees Celsius, which is not sufficient to eliminate pathogens.
  • the only way to eliminate pathogens during anaerobic decomposition is to create completely anaerobic conditions. In anaerobic conditions, pathogens cannot effectively grow and ultimately perish.
  • biological interference can also help reduce the chance of pathogen viability in compost.
  • Beneficial anaerobic microbes can decompose organic matter into substances that are toxic to pathogens. Therefore, to ensure the elimination of pathogens in anaerobic compost, it is important to create completely anaerobic conditions and store the composted materials for a minimum of 6 months to one year. Aerobic versus anaerobic compost production
  • Anaerobic composting is considered as a potential alternative to aerobic composting.
  • the major support for anaerobic composting relates to minimizing nitrogen loss during the composting process.
  • the limitations and drawbacks of the anaerobic process cannot be overlooked.
  • pathogenic fungi such as Fusarium oxysporum, Olpidium brassicae, Synchytrium endobioticum, Plasmodiophora brassicae, and Phytophthora infestans can produce reproductive structures that tolerate temperatures of 40 to 65 degrees Celsius for 10 to 30 minutes.
  • thermophilic phase in aerobic composting processes compared to anaerobic composting, where temperatures never exceed 65 degrees Celsius.
  • This process is done by spraying liquid water with EM, which is a consortium of microorganisms, on the waste pile.
  • EM which is a consortium of microorganisms
  • the process goes more towards anaerobic and in the outer parts of the waste pile, the process goes towards aerobic.
  • the passage of moisture and fresh air over the pile increases the aerobic process on the surface and lack of ventilation in the middle part of the pile causes this part of the process to become anaerobic.
  • the constant flow of air on the stack and sending said flow to the gas reforming system prevents the release of produced gases.
  • the produced gases are all burned in the oxidation column and turn into CO 2 or other oxides.
  • the gases resulting from the oxidation process are mixed with water and dissolved in it.
  • the resulting liquid has an acidic pH and becomes a liquid nutrient fertilizer by absorbing sulfur and other nitrogenous and carbonaceous compounds which can be added to the compost in another process to enrich the compost or, if necessary, add directly to the soil to reduce soil salinity.
  • the structure moves twice on its rails, and with the help of top-train machines, the pile of waste is turned over and aerated. With this, the central anaerobic fermented part enters the aerobic fermentation phase and the surface aerobic part enters the anaerobic fermentation phase.
  • the humidity level of the incoming air is reduced by the central control system so that the process can proceed towards stability and completion after reducing the humidity.
  • the humidifier of the line is stopped.
  • the present invention is a kind of intelligent urban composting system to purify and eliminate the bad smell of gases caused by urban waste such as hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) and also to make the gases released from these wastes harmless.
  • This invention consists of four main parts.
  • the first part ( Figure 3) is the air intake unit with dimensions of 2 x 3 x 2 meters.
  • the section related to this unit consists of a rectangular profile of 4 x 2 cm made of steel ( Figure 3, No. 201) and for greater strength of the structure, the vertical and horizontal profiles are welded to each other by a semi-elliptical profile.
  • a greenhouse nylon cover ( Figure 3, No. 202) is placed on this structure, and in order to prevent these nylons from becoming hollow, six tow wires are installed around the structure.
  • FIG. 3, No. 217 In the front part of the structure, there is an entrance door (Fig. 3, No. 217) for entering and exiting and checking the air intake unit, along with a hinge (Fig. 3, No. 220) and a handle (Fig. 3, No. 219).
  • the door is surrounded by a plate.
  • Behind the air intake section there is a plate ( Figure 3, No. 207) that is raised up to a quarter of the height of the entire section, and the remaining three quarters are made of mesh nets so that air can flow well and prevent garbage from entering inside the first section.
  • a valve with a mesh cover In front of the second section, a valve with a mesh cover (Figure 3, No. 221) is installed to allow air to enter the water tank.
  • two rectangular cube water tanks Figure 3, No.
  • the second part of this invention is the waste storage unit.
  • This unit consists of several sections with the same structure as the air intake unit, whose length, width and height are 3 meters and the garbage (Figure 5, No. 305) is placed inside these sections. Like the air intake unit, these sections have four mechanical systems (Figure 5, No. 303) to move the sections. Also, these sections have three clasps in the middle of the section for transfer ( Figure 5 No. 301, 307 and 308). At the beginning and end of all relevant sections, there is a sponge insulation cover. This action creates a strong corridor that places the sections together and also prevents the exit of smelly and harmful gases.
  • the third part of this invention is the unit related to burning and purifying gases (Figure 2 No. 103 and Figure 7).
  • This part is made of two structures with different dimensions.
  • the first section has dimensions of 2 x 3 x 2 meters and the second section has dimensions of 3 x 3 x 3 meters.
  • a plate ( Figure 7, No. 426) with a height of one and a half meters has been installed at the beginning of this crusher.
  • the disposition plate of suction fans is installed on the top of the plate.
  • Two axial fans ( Figure 7, No. 425) are designed by a rectangular plate ( Figure 7, No. 423) in a one-meter structure, which is directly connected to the structure.
  • An entrance door (Figure 7, No. 408) has been installed for the entry and exit of people.
  • the fans break down, there is a step ( Figure 7, No. 424) in the middle of the plate.
  • Two tubes (Figure 7, No. 427) are connected to these axial fans to transfer gases to the furnace ( Figure 7, No. 431).
  • This furnace is equipped with PLC and the emitted gases are measured every ten minutes by PLC and gas sensor, and when the amount of these gases reaches a certain amount, the axial fans start working and direct the gases in the waste storage unit into the furnace.
  • the furnace is gas burning and is fixed on a support ( Figure 7, No. 419).
  • a burner ( Figure 7, No. 420) is designed to bum gases, and this burner is connected to the gas capsule by a gas tube.
  • the fourth part of this invention is related to the rotation and displacement of different compost sections and their transfer to other rows.
  • This system is designed in such a way that the tubular rail related to this process (Figure 9, No. 501) is set exactly in line with the main rail and by moving each section to the end of the rail strip, each section can easily be placed on this system.
  • This system includes a plate ( Figure 9, No. 502) on which each section can be placed and because this system is responsible for the rotation and displacement of the structure in question, it must perform the rotation of the structure at the same time. Therefore, considering that the tubular rails are in the same line, this operation is not possible and in order to fix it, four pneumatic scissor lifting jacks ( Figure 10, No.
  • This chariot has four wheels (Figure 10, No. 603), which moves on a corresponding rail ( Figure 10, No. 607 and 608). In order to prevent the unwanted movement of sections, three guards have been considered around the carriage. ( Figure 10 No. 606)
  • the chariot in question is placed one meter under the ground to carry out this process.
  • the operation of the pneumatic scissor jack and the rotation process of the sections can be seen in Figures 12 and 13, and also in Figure 1, a field of the composting process, moving and transferring the sections can be seen.
  • Figure 1 shows an overview of the system and structure of the municipal waste composting process.
  • Figure 2 shows an overview of the components of a row of urban composting structures. • 101- Section of air inlet
  • Figure 3 shows a view of the components of the air inlet section.
  • Figure 4 shows the exploded view of the air intake section.
  • Figure 5 shows a view of the urban compost storage section.
  • Figure 6 shows the exploded view of urban waste storage section.
  • Figure 7 shows a view of the stages of purification and neutralization of the generated gases.
  • Figure 8 shows the exploded view of the stages of purification and neutralization of the created gases.
  • Figure 9 shows a view of the lifting jack components and its derivatives.
  • Figure 10 shows a view of the components of the system for moving different sections of compost.
  • Figure 11 shows exploded view of the system for moving different sections of compost.
  • Figure 12 shows the process of rotating different sections of compost to move them to other rows.
  • Figure 13 shows the manner of working the pneumatic scissor lift jack to rotate different sections of compost.
  • Figure 14 shows an isometric view of the structure.
  • Figure 15 shows the top view of the structure.
  • Figure 16 shows the manner of moving the top train and stirring the garbage.
  • Figure 17 shows the front view of the structure.
  • Figure 18 shows the manner of dumping waste in rows.
  • Figure 19 shows the right side view of the structure.
  • Figure 20 shows the cut view of the entire structure.

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Abstract

L'invention d'un système et d'une structure de procédé de compostage de déchets urbains utilisant des bactéries aérobies et anaérobies ayant la capacité de collecter et de purifier les gaz résultants, et de neutraliser les gaz produits par le processus d'oxydation et de produire de l'acide sulfurique est associée au système et à la structure du processus de compostage de déchets urbains qui, en collectant et en brûlant les déchets, des gaz fétides résultant de la décomposition de substances organiques contenant du soufre par des bactéries anaérobies et aérobies à partir de déchets urbains, ainsi que des gaz odorants et du méthane sont créés, purifient et neutralisent ces gaz. La présente invention comprend quatre parties principales et est une sorte de système de compostage urbain intelligent pour purifier et éliminer la mauvaise odeur de gaz provoquée par des déchets urbains tels que le sulfure d'hydrogène (H2S) et également pour rendre inoffensifs les gaz libérés de ces déchets.
PCT/IB2024/052109 2024-03-05 2024-03-05 Système de procédé de compostage de déchets urbains Pending WO2025186597A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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JP2004136262A (ja) * 2002-10-18 2004-05-13 Minoru Tomita ハウス型・有機物発酵処理システム
US20070084804A1 (en) * 2005-10-18 2007-04-19 Magna Management, Inc. Process for disinfection of sewage sludge
US20150072400A1 (en) * 2008-06-12 2015-03-12 William Severn Clarke System for cultivation and processing of microorganisms, processing of products therefrom, and processing in drillhole reactors
KR101620015B1 (ko) * 2014-09-05 2016-05-11 서울과학기술대학교 산학협력단 호기성 발효열을 가온에너지로 사용하는 혐기소화시스템
RU2678278C1 (ru) * 2015-08-14 2019-01-24 Орион Инджинирд Карбонз Гмбх Способы и системы для удаления материала частиц из потока технологических отработанных газов
RU2701678C2 (ru) * 2017-10-02 2019-09-30 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Юго-Западный государственный университет "(ЮЗГУ) Способ и устройство для обезвреживания и утилизации массива коммунальных отходов
RU2800611C1 (ru) * 2022-09-05 2023-07-25 Михаил Давидович Меламед Способ ускоренного компостирования органических отходов и устройство для его осуществления

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004136262A (ja) * 2002-10-18 2004-05-13 Minoru Tomita ハウス型・有機物発酵処理システム
US20070084804A1 (en) * 2005-10-18 2007-04-19 Magna Management, Inc. Process for disinfection of sewage sludge
US20150072400A1 (en) * 2008-06-12 2015-03-12 William Severn Clarke System for cultivation and processing of microorganisms, processing of products therefrom, and processing in drillhole reactors
KR101620015B1 (ko) * 2014-09-05 2016-05-11 서울과학기술대학교 산학협력단 호기성 발효열을 가온에너지로 사용하는 혐기소화시스템
RU2678278C1 (ru) * 2015-08-14 2019-01-24 Орион Инджинирд Карбонз Гмбх Способы и системы для удаления материала частиц из потока технологических отработанных газов
RU2701678C2 (ru) * 2017-10-02 2019-09-30 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Юго-Западный государственный университет "(ЮЗГУ) Способ и устройство для обезвреживания и утилизации массива коммунальных отходов
RU2800611C1 (ru) * 2022-09-05 2023-07-25 Михаил Давидович Меламед Способ ускоренного компостирования органических отходов и устройство для его осуществления

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